What are the advantages and disadvantages of reproducing by spores?
554419
Spores are usually the more simple non-sexual reproductive cells and are found in the lower plants and fungi, especially in those which may or may not need much water or light to develop to another stage of an organism's life cycle; (the sexual stages with sperm require the most water so the sperm can move with their flagella-tail or cilia! Spores can lay around in a dry environment for a while without water and then will be able to sprout long after the spore was originally released. Sperm and egg are generally much more delicate and short-lived and dry out easily. \n\nSometimes spore producing organisms reproduce by "alternation of generations" (like Bryophytes: mosses and liverworts and Pterophytes (ferns) and some fungi (mushrooms), where part of their life cycle is sexual reproduction with gametes or some other type of"sex cell" and part of their life is non-sexual with spores.  Spores (usually n haploid in chromosome number) of mosses and liverworts and ferns are able to produce the n haploid gametophyte stage (which makes the gametes) and the fertilized gametes (zygospores)  develops the spores, often inside a little capsule, can produce the 2n sporophyte stage. Sexual non-spore reproduction gives greater genetic variation than spores.  Non sexual reproduction by spores produces similar simple less diverse offspring.\n\nSpores are also produced by some fungi, like under the gills of mushrooms and on bread mold. Spores are able to move with either the air or with water or even in the fur of animals since they are often round and move easily.
515127
there are many advantages of genetically modefied food\n1. they are easy to be produced\n2. they are nutritious.\n3. they need less labour.\n4. they take less time to grow.\n5. they produce high yield.\nbut they have some disadvantages\n1. they need lot of water for irrigation which makes it hard to be grown in areas where less water is available.\n2.they absorb a lot of nutritions from the soil and makes it barren.
823654
rapid reproduction time can allow for fast adaptation/high mutation rates\nno problems with internal transport of nutrients, diffusion/osmosis sufficient\nnot problem with breathing, no need for a lot of specialized organs. All reducing the possibilities for a lot of diseases (less complicated, less can go wrong). Cancer is not going to be a problem, ever. \nreproduction by simple cell division viable option (no complicated sex life  -does s/he really love me - confusing the critter)\nrequire comparatively less energy, not just because of small size, but also because they don't need to expend energy on coordinating and maintaining all those extra organ systems - like we expend a lot of energy just to keep our brain going, whether we use it or not. \ndon't need much space, the earth can support more bacteria than humans...\nthere are obviously also disadvantages, otherwise we all would be unicellular.
832178
Advantages:\n* You get to know more about the world around you.\n* More species would be discovered.\n* More scientists on the planet Earth.\n* More subjects for you to study in school.\n* More technology for our convenience.\n\nDisadvantages:\n* Scientists die in labs because of accidents.\n* Too many species to keep track of.\n* Animals disturbed from habitats.\n* Plant species taken from environment.\n* Rare species threatened.
452995
i think mixing different species have both advantages n disadvantages .some of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Transgenic Crops?\nThe use of transgenic crops has been an issue for many years. Many concerns have been raised and these generally fall into two categories: \n\n\nA concern about what affect genetically modified material could have on human health. For example, transgenic crops have been suggested to cause allergies in some people, although it is uncertain whether transgenic crops are the source of this reaction3. Furthermore the antibiotic resistance genes placed in these crops has been suggested to cause resistance to antibiotics leading to super bugs that cannot be killed with antibiotic treatments3. The idea of a population being uncomfortable with ingesting DNA that originated from another source, such as a virus or bacteria, must also be considered when thinking about producing transgenic crops. However, to date, there is no evidence of the DNA from transgenic crops being any different from the DNA ingested from conventional crops. \nA concern about whether transgenic crops cause damage to the natural environment. One example includes pollen from transgenic corn, which has been suggested to kill the Monarch butterfly larvae. It has been shown that hybrid corn expresses a bacterial toxin in its pollen, which is then dispersed over 60 meters by wind. In this range, the corn pollen is deposited on other plants near cornfields where it can be ingested by non-target organisms including the monarch butterfly5. These butterflies have been found to eat less, have a slower growth rate and higher death rate5. A second example is the hybridization of crops with nearby weeds. This could cause these weeds to attain resistance to herbicides or other things that we have been trying to avoid for many years. Genes that provide resistance to viral disease or other traits allowing them to survive in their environment could end up benefiting weed populations around a crop field. This trait could make that population more difficult to control. To date, there has been little evidence to support this theory2. \nOn other side of the coin are the notions that support the use of transgenic crops. The potential benefits of which are quite obvious, including such things as increased yields (to feed a growing population), decreasing the use of pesticides (to save the environment and the cost of pesticides), and the production of novel crops (such as providing crops with increased nutritional value)3. Being able to retrofit any crop to our desires is a powerful concept, especially with the changing climates of today
977347
I don't believe there are any disadvantages.  The advantages would be relieving stress or blue balls, helping to be able to concentrate, etc.
119996
We all know the disadvantages are death, misery,repression, fright, bodily injuries, rampages, evilness.\nThe advantages would be population control, improved economy for many, advances in technology, employment, nationalism( may unite people who have a common enemy), education about other societies, spreading of ideas.
231344
I've never heard of any attempt of last-gasp reproduction in the animal domain. I have however heard of something similar in the bacterial domain of life. Bacteria of the genus Bacillus will sporulate under the appropriate environmental cues. These cues are usually things like low amounts of water, food, extreme shifts in temerature, etc. All these cues are ones that would probably end up in the death of the organism. The spores that are created are resistant to these harsh conditions and allow the bacteria to survive for long periods of time and can germinate if conditions return to a friendlier state.
558185
Live bacteria seems unlikely. Bacterial spores, no problems.\n\nYou would have more luck trying to isolate fungi.
474728
The only benefits I see for sperm banks are allowing infertile women procreate, selective breeding, and filtering of weaker sperm.\n\nThe negatives for spermbanks are communties' population will have unknown relative reproduciton (DNA relatives breeding with eachother without knowing), the lack of diversity in breeding pool (everyone using "good" sperm for babies), the unknown long term effects of test tube babies and fertility drugs, etc.\n\nI personally would never sell my sperm. And hope the new generations are made "naturally" so the genes randomly assort providing diversity and evolutional advancments.  Not everyone can be a genius or a superman.
634383
Pros-\n1.More Animals\n2.More Food.\n3.More Supplies.\nCons-\n1.More Food(people may eat too much).\n2.more viruses,sicknesses,and diseases.\n3.Too many animals.
146670
I'm an animal scientist, but I can probably answer these questions:\n1.Why is reproduction an important process for living organism?\nIf an organism does not reproduce, their species will become extinct, so it is in their best interest to reproduce to continue the species.\n2.Explain why a pollen tube is important\nThe pollen tube transfers the pollen from the top of the "pistil" to the bottom so that fertilization can take place.\n3.How does a fruit differ from a seed?  The fruit is actually the ovary of the plant, while the seed is the begining of a plant, which can be put in the ground to produce a whole new plant.\n4.In a flower, why is the anther elevated? The anther is elevated so that the pollen can easily be transfered by wind, insects, etc.  \n5.In a flower, why is the stigma elevated?  This is so the pollen can easily be transmitted.  If it were not elevated, the petals would get in the way of pollenation\n6.In a flower, why is the stigma sticky?  So the pollen can more readily attach\n7.Why are the petals coloured?  Technically speaking, this is due to pigments in the petals that reflect light.  But the answer you are probably looking for is that the color will attrach insects/birds.\n8.Why do flower have scent?  To attract insects/birds\n9.Why so flowers produce nectar?  To attract insects/birds
773285
Meiosis results in the production of haploid cells, with half of the regular number of chromosomes (23 singles onstead of 23 pairs). These mature into the male and female gametes, which then go off and try to find a complementary set of the opposite sex to hook up with, to become whole again. Hence meiosis allows for genetic coupling of non-identical DNA, resulting in an offspring which has the genetic material of two separate individuals. With only mitotis, there is no sharing of material, just division.\nSharing of material allows for diversity within a population. Populations which are diverse are more likely to survive variations in environment, to have people who can protect others if need be, who can lead if need be, who might have inate resistance to diseases if need be etc etc. So the whole population benefits because of the diversity afforded by meiosis. Clonal populations, produced by mitotis alone, would eventually come across a disease or natural disaster which would affect everyone equally, wiping them all out. \n\nHope this helps.
297180
The pros are being able to learn about the effects of different genetic patterning.  Perhaps solving some questions of nature vs. nurture.\n\nThe cons very from reducing genetic variety, which can lead to weakness of the cloned species because a certain stressor could knock out the whole bunch if they are genetically the same.  Every time something is copied usually something is lost.  Also cloned species can have unknown effect on other species. For example, some form of genetically engineered corn which is resistant to pests also kills off monarch butterflies that consume a portion of the plant.
129046
Airborne mold spores are dangerous to your health:\n\nhttp://dede.essortment.com/airbornemold_riri.htm
333785
it's totally depends on the type of the bacteria!\n1)sterilization:fungi is so sentitive to this condition.but if the bacteria is the kind that produce endospore then this method is not useful\n2)pasteurization:kills all the bacterias except the one couses Query\n3)filterization:useful for bacterias except Mycoplasma\n4)Rays like UV X and Gamma\n5)chemical Gases which are mutagenes like rays\n6)chemical liquids
141858
There are benefits and drawbacks to everything, including science. Here are a few drawbacks:\n\n1. Science has lead to the creation of far more powerful and dangerous weapons than ever existed before, so one person can kill millions, potentially. \n\n2. Science has given us the means to pollute the earth and destroy other species at a rate that is unparalleled.\n\n3. Science has lead to technologies that can be used to repress populations, and infringe on people's privacy\n\n4. Science has produced technologies that inadvertantly created a horrendous population explosion\n\n5. Science is viewed as a threat by some who think it draws people away from religion. \n\nThere are probably a lot more of these that I could come up with.