Philosophies during the enlightenment challenged the social order by doing what?
535549
Positing something different from the thinking that prevailed at the time.\n\nDo your own thinking for your homework.
844226
Morality and ethics are not something handed down from On High-- although some pretend it is-- morality and ethics are socially produced.  Basically, social morlaity is that which enhanches the survival of Each and All.  No reference to supernatural decrees is necessary.
282120
The pre-Socratic philosophers rejected traditional mythological explanations for the phenomena they saw around them in favor of more rational explanations. Many of them asked:\n\n* Where does everything come from?\n* What is it really made out of?\n* How do we explain the plurality of things found in nature?\n* How might we describe nature mathematically?\n\nOthers concentrated on defining problems and paradoxes that became the basis for later mathematical, scientific and philosophic study.
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Their minds were focused on one goal:  freedom.\n\nWhen you set your mind on something, you achieve it.\n\nUnfortunately the owners took slaves for granted.  As a result, they were not prepared for traps.
1052996
1) importance of studying morals and ethics- helps you understand human behavior. Each culture has their own set of morals and ethics. In ancient times (think Old Testament), it was within a man's right to do as he pleased with members of his household... Today, not so much.\n\n2) Don't know much about postmodernism, so I'm not much help there...\n\nGood luck on your paper!!
648011
Well... one of the key features of Marxist Commnism (referring to German writer Karl Marx who published Communist Manifesto in 1848 to rally Socialists under a Communist banner), social classes were eliminated.  This happened to a lower degree under Lenin and Stalin in 20th cent. USSR
452779
Karl Marx ideas come from Historic Materialism, and dialectic, where the destiny of Humanity is already written, Emile Durkheim gave more chance to the free will of society to have an impact.
530487
The original quote was actually "Those who do not learn from the mistakes of history are doomed to repeat them." The statement was made by George Santayana, philosopher, from Reason in Common Sense. \n\nThe quote has been tweaked a bit throughout history, perhaps to give a more modern and personal connection to the quote.
735309
The Age of Enlightenment refers to either the eighteenth century in European philosophy, or the longer period including the seventeenth century and the Age of Reason. It can more narrowly refer to the historical intellectual movement The Enlightenment, which advocated Reason as a means to establishing an authoritative system of aesthetics, ethics, government, and logic, which would allow human beings to obtain objective truth about the universe. Emboldened by the revolution in physics commenced by Newtonian kinematics, Enlightenment thinkers argued that same kind of systematic thinking could apply to all forms of human activity.
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In the reign of Louis XVI, the growing discontent between the bourgeois and the nobility over issues of equality before the courts had grown acute and eventually led to the creation of the Third Estate and the French Revolution.\n\nWhile there was a body of laws in France at the time, the ruling class was able to prevail at will over the lesser classes and taxed almost everything (a man crossing a noble's estate and kicking up dust on the road was liable to pay a tax for the dust, for example). \n\nIn much the same way that John Locke created an idea that fired the American Revolution (that is the idea of a social contract between the governed and the governors), Rousseau argues that the social contract should be society-wide, from person to person.  Ergo, I am responsible to you, you are responsible to me, etc.  this would replace the idea of natural rights and right by birth.
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OK, here it is in a brief synopsis:\n\n1984 warns of the terrifying dangers that man may create for himself in his quest for a utopian society.  It warns that people might believe that everyone must become slaves to the government in order to have an orderly society, but at the expense of the freedom of the people.
198924
Not a bad question!!\n\nNot sure that I can help though.\n\nThe first thing that came to mind was this quote by Hightower:\n\nDiscipline without Freedom is Tyranny.\n\nFreedom without Discipline is Choas.\n\n\nI hope that helps\n\nGood Luck\n\nJimmy
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Well, if you consider the following people as having been enlightened you might consider doing what they did. ~ Jesus. He studied and practiced the Jewish faith. Buddha. He studied and practiced the Hindu faith. Lao Tse founded the Taoist faith after having achieved enlightenment so as to lead others in that direction, so you might study and practice Taoism. Or, if you want a path that is relatively straightforward and put in simple terms easily understood by modern day folk you might go to the following source. But whatever you do, if you decide to do anything, there is ONE thing you MUST do ... Follow your heart HONESTLY.
184695
Need more clarification.  What enlightenment are you talking about?   Religion of Buddaisim and Latin America are pretty different
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Do your homework!  \n\nHe was a great philosopher who influenced the ideals of freedom and responsibilty in the Anglo-American experience.
81390
only if you're willing to take it seriously. A lot of people go into philosophy and only get a brief overview before casting a whole lot of judgement on it. They are appalled that philosophic thinking embraces questioning axioms. If you don't want to change the way you frame information, then don't study philosophy. If you want to learn how to analyze and understand things and frame and re-frame, study philosophy
269949
That's an interesting question.\n\nSeeing as this is in "homework help" I won't give you the answer, but pose another question: which came first - human beings' ethics or society's laws?\n\n(Typical darn philosophy teacher, anwering a question with a question! :-) )