Can a malaria disease occur in an urban area?
546661
Of course. For example, Manila is the highly urban capital of the Philippines. There are cases of malaria in Manila because of large mosquito populations and poor control measures.\n\nOther times, malaria cases are imported into urban areas, usually in travelers who catch it on vacation and get sick when they arrive at home. We had a mini-outbreak of malaria here in a large city in the US among people who traveled abroad on a church trip.
343344
depending on where you  live there might be a ton of mosquitos or that you ate a banana .. they are attracted to people who have just eaten a banana
533917
If a disease has an insect or animal vector, the spread of the disease will be controlled by the spread of the vector.  For example, you'd be hard pressed to find malaria in Switzerland, because the climate does not support the type of mosquitoes that carry malaria.  Similarly, we have watched the spread of bird flu from China to the rest of the world along the paths of migrating wildfowl.  Dengue most likely came to the US with mosquitoes inside tires brought here from Asia for recycling.\n\nIf a disease is carried only by humans, then it is spread as humans move.  Even some insect borne diseases are affected by humans.  For example The Black Death (bubonic plague) spread out into Europe from seaports.  It was carried in fleas, on rats, in the holds of ships.  Cholera spread around the world as people with the disease deposited their wastes in places with bad sewer systems.\n\nAIDS is actually two different but very similar diseases which arose in two parts of Africa.  It spread throughout Africa along major routes of human migration.  It is still less common north of the Sahara Desert than south of it.  \n\nAIDS is not really limited be geography because it involves human behaviors of choice.  If I sneeze into my hand and then open a door and you come by a half hour later and touch that door knob and then touch the mucous membranes of your face without washing in between, you will most likely get my cold or flu or whatever.  If I have AIDS, however, you won't catch it.  AIDS is spread by sexual contact and activities where blood moves from person to person, such as sharing needles used for injecting drugs and receiving blood donations (although blood is screened now).  This is why Ebola is still in Africa and AIDS is not.\n\nThe spread of AIDS throughout Africa has more to do with political (war) and socioeconomic conditions that encouraged the mass migrations of people, primarily out of the jungles into the cities.  In addition to bringing diseases into enormous new populations, which would have even encouraged easily transmissable diseases like measles, the behaviors encouraged by having large populations of males without access to women of their own tribes to marry and large populations of women with no way to support themselves besides prostitution really kicked the disease in the butt.\n\nIt's also no accident that in the West, the disease was traced back to Gaetan Dugas, an Air Canada flight attendant.  Although some now dispute this, it is true that Dugas was sexually promiscuous even after he knew he had AIDS and in fact was displaying the tumors of Kaposi's sarcoma.  If anyone could help AIDS cross geographic boundaries, it would be someone who traveled a lot.
763124
Yellow Fever\n\nYellow fever is a tropical disease that is spread to humans by infected mosquitoes. \nMany yellow fever infections are mild, but the disease can cause severe, life-threatening illness. \nYellow fever is found only in Africa and South America. \nYellow fever is preventable by immunization. Travelers to countries with yellow fever should get the yellow fever vaccine.  \n===================================\nWhat is yellow fever?\nYellow fever is a tropical disease that is spread to humans by infected mosquitoes.\n===================================\nWhat is the infectious agent that causes yellow fever?\nYellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus.\n===================================\nWhere is yellow fever found?\n\nYellow fever is found only in parts of South America and Africa. There are two kinds of yellow fever, spread by two different cycles of infection.\n1.Jungle yellow fever is mainly a disease of monkeys. It is spread from infected mosquitoes to monkeys in the tropical rain forest. People get jungle yellow fever when they put themselves in the middle of this natural cycle and are bitten by mosquitoes that have been infected by monkeys. Jungle yellow fever is rare and occurs mainly in persons who work in tropical rain forests.\n\n2. Urban yellow fever is a disease of humans. It is spread by mosquitoes that have been infected by other people. Aedes aegypti is the type of mosquito that usually carries yellow fever from human to human. These mosquitoes have adapted to living among humans in cities, towns, and villages. They breed in discarded tires, flower pots, oil drums, and water storage containers close to human dwellings. Urban yellow fever is the cause of most yellow fever outbreaks and epidemics.\n===================================\nHow do people get yellow fever?\n\nPeople get yellow fever from the bite of an infected female mosquito. The mosquito injects the yellow fever virus into the bite.\n===================================\n What are the signs and symptoms of yellow fever?\n\nMany yellow fever infections are mild, but the disease can cause severe, life-threatening illness. Symptoms of severe infection are high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, and backache. After a brief recovery period, the infection can lead to shock, bleeding, and kidney and liver failure. Liver failure causes jaundice (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes), which gives yellow fever its name.\n===================================\n How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?\n\nSymptoms start 3 to 6 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.\n===================================\n How is yellow fever diagnosed?\n\nYellow fever is diagnosed by a blood test.\n===================================\n Who is at risk for yellow fever?\n\nPeople are at risk if they travel to an area where there is yellow fever in humans or monkeys and there are mosquitoes to spread the virus.\n===================================\n What complications can result from yellow fever?\n\nSevere yellow fever infections can be fatal.\n===================================\n What is the treatment for yellow fever?\n\nThere is no specific treatment for yellow fever. Persons with yellow fever should rest and drink plenty of fluids. They should be kept away from mosquitoes for the protection of others. Most people get better after a long recovery period.\n===================================\n How common is yellow fever?\n\nYellow fever is common in West and Central Africa and in parts of South America. Periodic epidemics in Africa lead to hundreds of thousands of cases. Yellow fever is a very rare cause of illness in U.S. travelers.\n===================================\n Is yellow fever an emerging or re-emerging infectious disease?\n\nYes. There has been a dramatic re-emergence of yellow fever in Africa and South America since the 1980s.\n===================================\nHow can yellow fever be prevented?\n\n1. Yellow feve
360189
This normally happens when you have a fever or you have general malaise.  sometimes you are not aware that your body is reacting to something bad.   This is normally related to diseases like malaria. See a doctor if symptoms persist.
687345
Malaria is derived from mala aria (Medieval Italian for "bad air") and formerly called ague or marsh fever in English, is an infectious disease which causes about 350-500 million infections with humans and approximately 1.3 - 3 million deaths annually, mainly in the tropics. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 85-90% of these fatalities. The death rate is expected to double in the next 20 years. The exact statistics are unknown because many cases occur in rural areas where people do not have access to hospitals and/or the means to afford health care. Consequently, many cases are undocumented.\n\nMalaria is caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium (of the phylum Apicomplexa), and the transmission vector for human malarial parasite is the female Anopheles mosquito. The P. falciparum variety of the parasite accounts for 80% of cases and 90% of deaths. Children under the age of five and pregnant women are the most vulnerable to the severe forms of malaria.\n\n\nTreatments:\n\nThere are several families of drugs used to treat malaria. Chloroquine was the antimalarial drug of choice for many years in most parts of the world. However, resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine has spread recently from Asia to Africa, making the drug ineffective against the most dangerous Plasmodium strain in many affected regions of the world.\n\nThere are several other substances which are used for treatment and, partially, for prevention (prophylaxis). Many drugs can be used for both purposes; larger doses are used to treat cases of malaria. Their deployment depends mainly on the frequency of resistant parasites in the area where the drug is used.\n\nCurrently available anti-malarial drugs include:\n\nArtemether-lumefantrine (Therapy only, commercial name Coartem) \nArtesunate-amodiaquine (Therapy only) \nAtovaquone-proguanil, trade name Malarone (Therapy and prophylaxis) \nQuinine (Therapy only) \nChloroquine (Therapy and prophylaxis; usefulness now reduced due to resistance) \nDoxycycline (Therapy and prophylaxis) \nMefloquine, trade name Lariam (Therapy and prophylaxis) \nPrimaquine (Therapy in P. vivax and P. ovale only; not for prophylaxis) \nProguanil (Prophylaxis only) \nSulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Therapy; prophylaxis for semi-immune pregnant women in endemic countries as "Intermittent Preventive Treatment" - IPT) \n\nBefore antibiotics, patients with syphilis were intentionally infected with malaria to create a fever. By accurately controlling the fever with quinine, the effects of both syphilis and malaria could be avoided.\n\nPreventions and control\n\nMethods used to prevent the spread of disease, or to protect individuals in areas where malaria is endemic, include prophylactic drugs, mosquito eradication, and the prevention of mosquito bites. There is currently no vaccine that will prevent malaria, but this is an active field of research.
10416
In most countries of Africa, Asia, and South America where plague is reported, the risk of exposure exists primarily in rural mountainous or upland areas. Following natural disasters and at times when regular sanitary practices are interrupted, plague can extend from its usual areas of endemicity into urban centers. Rarely, pneumonic plague has been reported in conjunction with outbreaks of bubonic plague, and tourist travel to areas with reported cases of plague should be avoided.
644949
it's becoz some (like maleria for e.g.) can survive in mosquitoes and mosquitoes act as complementary to complete their cycle.\n\nothers (HIV for e.g.)either would not survive in them or meet a dead end..
926884
I don't think so. Severe and complicated malaria takes time to progress. It can kill due to circulatory shock, kidney failure, haemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells), coma, irregularity of the rhythm of the heart, low blood sugar, fits.
587625
Malaria (literally meaning --bad air disease, so named because before the discovery of the cause it was thought tobe caused by air pollution)is caused by Malarial parasites of four types 1)Plasmodium vivax 2)Plasmodium falciparum 3)Plasmodium ovale 4)Plasmodiun malariae.Malaria is spread by female anopheles mosquito.
1092173
no, the disease usually cant live outside the body, it dies immediately from oxygen or the temperature.
47667
While it is possible it's virtually nonexistent. The mosquito would have to bite a person with HIV. This person would also have to be in a stage of infection when HIV particles are in the blood. The blood taken by the mosquito would have to have HIV particles in it. These HIV particles would have to somehow get into the saliva of the mosquito, and then be transferred to a new person. So it's really minimum.
747835
My father had malaria when he was living in Africa. And as far as I know he has malaria once in a while, even though it is 30 years later.\nThis disease is transmitted to humans by a mosquito bite. He has bronchitis once in a while, and it is in these periods that the malaria manifests, because body defences are low and susceptible to diseases. Now he knows how to treat it, but sometimes it is quite severe: headaches, severe temperature, chills, vomiting, etc.\nYou can prevent malaria by taking for example quinine doses everyday, but it cannot guarantee that you won't catch it, another way to avoid it, is to use insect nets, and stay away from mosquito areas at dusk and night. Because that's the time of the day, that mosquitoes look for human blood as it has proteins essential for their reproduction system (most people think they feed on our blood, but that is not true. Only female mosquitoes bite and it is a reproduction thing. If they fed on our blood male mosquitoes would bite as well)\nThis disease will never go away. When the mosquito bites, its saliva goes straight to the liver. Time from time parasites will be release in the blood stream and infect the body with malaria. \n\nI hope I helped. At least I wrote almost everything I know about malaria and mosquitoes.
378695
Different diseases, different species, different factors.  A "sexually" transmitted disease cannot be compared to a disease that is transmitted through a mosquito bite.
724706
Dengue the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral (Arborvirus) disease of humans caused by  four  serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1-4) of the genus Flavivirus.\nIt is transmitted to man by mosquito  Aedes aegypti. It is common in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in coastal areas. \nSource: Man is infective to mosquito and mosquito transmits the disease to man.\n\nHuman malaria is an acute and chronic protozoal disease caused by any one or a combination of four species of plasmodia - Plasmodia, vivex, falciparum, ovale & malariae.  \nP. falciparum cause malignant tertian malaria with high fatality rate.  The other three species are 'benign' . Infections with P. ovale and P malariae are now rare.\nAll forms malaria are transmitted by female anopheles mosquito.
975388
Plasmodium parasites also undergo stages of development. There is a certain stage in their life cycle that they will have to go to a female mosquito body part to propagate and become the phase that is transmitted to humans through feeding. The same goes true also that female mosquitoes are the ones that bite and feed especially at night.Hope this helps. God bless
887963
The study of Malaria as an organism (in and of itself) is zoology.  The study of Malaria as a disease and the way it impacts the human body falls under physiology.