Who originally proposed the concept that matter was composed of tiny indivisible particles?
535491
The atomic theory, which holds that matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles in constant motion, was proposed in the 5th cent. B.C. by the Greek philosophers Leucippus and Democritus and was adopted by the Roman Lucretius.
85005
All matter is made up of atoms. God put atoms together to make everything.
8321
The theoretical physics equation E = mc2 states a relationship between energy (E) and mass (m) first formulated by Albert Einstein in his 1905 paper "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?" ("Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", published in Annalen der Physik on September 27), one of the articles now known as his Annus Mirabilis Papers.
353833
There is conjecture that the universe began with a big bang, out of nothing. If matter formed, then anti-matter also must have formed at the same time to have the various laws of physics as we know them hold good. Some scientist postulate that the big mishap in Siberia in 1906 could have happened  because of the passing of a small quantity of anti-matter. Remember, for anti-matter, we could be as dangerous as is is to us. \n\nI think anti-matter has been created in small quantities in labs, and yes you are right, it could be harnessed to meet with our energy requirements.
192516
In ancient Greece, Democritus espoused the theory that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms.  This was in contrast to Aristotle's theory of the four elements: earth, air, fire, and water, which was the dominant theory for many centuries.\n\nDalton was the first to formulate a universal atomic theory of chemistry, which revived the old atomic theory of Democritus but also greatly expanded on the concept.  Dalton introduced the idea that atoms of different types have different weights. He also introduced the law of multiple proportions, which states that elements combine in specific proporions to create compounds, but not in-between proportions. Dalton said that atoms of different weights combined in specific ratios produce specific chemical compounds. In summary, the five main points of Dalton's atomic theory are:\n1. Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. \n2. All atoms of a given element are identical.\n3. The atoms of a given element are different than those of any other element.\n4. Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds. A given compound always has the same relative numbers of types of atoms. \n5. Atoms cannot be created, divided into smaller particles, or destroyed in the chemical process. A chemical reaction simply changes the way atoms are grouped together.
743412
I believe in Hume's Fork:\n\n "Either our actions our determined, in which case we are not responsible for them, or the result of random events, in which case we are not responsible for them."\n\nIf you apply physics, matter is confined to follow certain laws.  We are all composed of matter as well as the things around us, as well as certain other laws.  But the infinite amount of interactions between our bodies, our environment, mind, and matter are too vast to ever calculate or predict.  It is useless to even ponder the question of destiny.  \n\nHowever, the theory of quantum physics implies that quarks (pieces of atoms) are dynamic particles that are not confined to any laws and can actual pop in and out of existence.  There interaction with other particles does affect their actions as well.  The quantum theory is  a theory, and by no means can anyone  base such a question of destiny on analysis of the movement of atoms.\n\nIn layman's terms, we don't have free will to the extent of being able to directly decide what we will do in the future, there is no one  decision making soul or 'me' that hits the execute button before an action is made.  But we do have a brain system that carries out processes of analysis that takes part in making a final decision.  But the processes at this time are too complex to map out nor to pin-point one major influence because the influences on our behavior are too vast.  The two basic ones are nature, nurture.  Others environment, genes.
959793
Who created that "all matter and energy".  Who caused that concentrated mass of material to explode.  Who created that single-celled organism.\n\nyes, i believe God is the origin of everything.
564057
It's an interesting question.  'Nothing' is an idea, not an object or a place.  By its very definition, it can't be something, because then it would not be nothing, so your sense of a physical space that we could call nothing is linguistically impossible.\n\nNot every culture has or had a word for 'nothing,' so in a sense, you could say that 'nothing' was an idea that someone invented at some unknown point in the past.  You can think of it as the absence of something, or as a philosophical abstract, or a mathematical starting point.  I think the oldest language with a word for 'zero' was Arabic.  Incidentally, this is why there was no year 0, and 1 B.C. is followed immediately by 1 A.D.  When the priests who were writing the calendar system that is the basis of the calendar we use today, they had never heard of the word/number/idea of zero.  How could they have missed this? Who knows?  It seems impossible to us now.\n\nAs for the 'no matter within a space' part of your question, the answer can be found in a common physics equation that I am sure you know: E=mc^2.  Energy and mass are equivalent.  If there is no 'matter,' or really, mass, within a particular volume of space can you really say that there is nothing there?  No.  On the quantum level, there is really no nothing.\n\nBecause there is still energy in any given space, there is the potential for mass there at any time.  Energy is not really a concept that can be localized or zeroed out- because of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle we know that it is impossibile to measure exact position and speed at the same time, and we have never been able to achieve absolute zero (the temperature at which all kinetic energy becomes zero)- it's probably impossible.  The average temperature of the universe is known to be 3 degrees Kelvin, due to the cosmic microwave background radiation, an after-effect of the Big Bang.  Basically what I'm saying is that if the 'energy' within a space can't be zero, on a quantum level, then the mass can't be, either.\n\nAnother way of thinking about it from a quantum mechanics perspective is wave/particle duality.  This is a concept that even physicists have trouble wrapping their minds around, but essentially the point is that particles have wavelike qualities and waves have particlelike qualities.  It's back to the Heisenberg uncertainty again.  Until they are measured, particles do not exist in any one place, they exist in all places simultaneously with different probabilities.  For any particular particle, there may be an infinitesimal chance that it is inside the space you are looking at to find emptiness, but if you add it all up, it is incredibly likely that some particle is there at all times.  \n\nOnce a particle's position is measured, the system collapses and the particle has a location, but you cannot measure every particle at once and any particle you have just measured can go back into its quantum state afterwards, and again be anywhere with some probability.\n\nThanks for the interesting question- a chance to flex my brain this afternoon.
251103
Well, that was a brave question. If you are asking about British chemist and physicist who developed the atomic theory of matter and hence is known as one of the fathers of modern physical science - John Dalton(b. Sept. 6, 1766, Eaglesfield, Cumberland. Eng.- d. July 27, 1844, Manchester), then \n\nI COULDN'T FIND ANY DIRECT REFERENCE TO HIS MIDDLE NAME.\n\nBut I Assume that if he ever had (used) a middle name, then it would be JOSEPH. His father was a weaver, Joseph Dalton.\n\nI am not very sure, but I'd go for JOHN JOSEPH DALTON\n\nAgain, thanks for a good question. Even if no such thing exist, this query prompted for a bit research. Keep it up.\n\nLooking forward for some better answers.
238591
The idea that the matter consists of minimum units, i.e. atoms, was proposed by an ancient Greek philosopher, Demokritos (Ancient Greece, ~ B.C. 500). "Atom" means "unable to be divided".  ]\n\nDemokritos thought that this world is made of the atoms which are moving in the "empty" which spread infinitely. \n\nGreeks have only first name
482088
That all matter is formed of particles, originally defined at atoms, then smaller and defined as neutrons, protons, and electrons, and now still smaller to quarks.
535169
Matter and Anti-Matter
1168290
Of all time. There is so much choice, but here are 5 and why:\n\n1. Isaac Newton - introduced mathematical formalism to physics and created calculus (he called it fluxions)\n2. James Clerk Maxwell -  gave the first unified explanation of electromagnetism\n3. Ludwig Boltzmann - gave the first mathematical interpretation of the profoundly important second law of thermodynamics, and derived the Botlzmann distribution for gases\n4. Max Planck - founded quantum mechanics\n5. Richard Feynman - developed the first way to handle the fiendish equations of sub nuclear particle physics,  and thereby made quark theory possible\n\nOf the 5 I would pick Feynman as my number 1 - no other physicist has had such profound intuition as to how the universe works. You can still buy his popular science books.
803008
1. MATTER - Anything that has Mass and takes up Space.\n\n2. MASS - The measurement of the amount of Matter in an object.  We use a Balance to determine Mass.\n\n3. Matter is Classified (divided) into FOUR STATES:\n\n    a. SOLID - Anything that has BOTH A DEFINITE VOLUME and a DEFINITE SHAPE.  A rock is a solid, solid matter can be picked up and carried around without having to place it in a special container.\n\n    b. LIQUID - Anything that has DEFINITE VOLUME but NO DEFINITE SHAPE.  A key property of a liquid is that they FLOW and can be POURED.\n\n    c. GAS - Has NO DEFINITE VOLUME and NO DEFINITE SHAPE.  A gas ALWAYS TAKES BOTH THE VOLUME AND THE SHAPE OF ANY CONTAINER INTO WHICH IT IS PLACED.  If a gas is NOT in a container, it will spread out as far as it can.\n\n    d. PLASMA - Has NO DEFINITE VOLUME OR SHAPE AND IS COMPOSED OF ELECTRICAL CHARGED PARTICLES.
886443
Obviously, an atom isn't the smallest particle since they are composed of sub-atomic particles.  An atom however is the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.  Once you go beyond an atom of any element, the components no longer keep the properties of that element.
453117
How can you have something if nothings there? Atoms are made up or protons, neutrons, and quarks which are the basic building blocks of matter. Well at least until someone discovers there made up of something else lol!
986892
In Greek atomic theory, the atom was considered the smallest, indivisible, particle of matter.\nThey view atoms as the basic building block of everything else, and all atoms were identical, different combinations of how they were put together determined the properties of the substance.\n\nOf course, we now know that atoms themselves are made up of smaller, sub-atomic, particles, which are then intern made up of even smaller particles.  Atoms are the smallest particles of a given element which will exibit the properties of that element.  Different elements, and thus different types of atoms, exist.  So the Greeks were not correct in that respect.