who discovered DNA fingerprinting?
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LEICESTER, England - One morning 20 years ago, Alec Jeffreys stumbled upon DNA fingerprinting, identifying the patterns of genetic material that are unique to almost every individual. The discovery revolutionized everything from criminal investigations to family law.\n\nJeffreys is still awed, and a bit worried, by the power of the technology he unleashed upon the world.
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It's about the discovery of DNA and what it is made up of.
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Here are a few:\nAntony Leeuwenhoek - considered the father of microbiology\nRobert Hooke - made the 1st compound microscope and coined the term "cell"\nJames Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin - DNA
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Watson and Crick (see link below)\nhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/do53dn.html
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The first Japanese latent print examiner to use cyanoacrylate fuming to intentionally develop fingerprints was Masato Soba at the Saga Prefectural Crime Laboratory of the National Police Agency of Japan.  Mr. Soba learned of the development of superglue fingerprints from co-worker Fuseo Matsumura... a hair and fiber expert who discovered his own fingerprints developing on microscope slides while mounting hairs with cyanoacrylate. The hairs were from a case involving a murdered taxi cab driver.
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He was the first to come up with a good system of classifying all life on earth. His system, with variations, is still in wide use today. \n\nVery Important Person to scientists!
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Rosalind Franklin was a researcher at Kings College London.  Her work in x-ray photography of DNA helped advance understanding of its structure.\n\nSome of Franklin's work was shown (reportedly accidentally and innocently) to James Watson and Francis Crick.  This work may have led in some part to their Nobel Prize winning work as being the first to describe the double-helix structure of DNA. \n\nThere has been some speculation that Franklin's true contribution to DNA research in general and Watson's & Crick's success in particular was intentionally downplayed because she was a woman.
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who invented computer
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Francis Crick – joint discoverer of the structure of DNA\nJames D. Watson (US) – joint discoverer of the structure of DNA\nCharles R. Darwin - established the facts of evolution
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Look in this website:\n\nhttp://www.ba-education.demon.co.uk/for/science/dnamain.html\n\nunder the section:\nThe people responsible for the discovery of DNA\n\nand this website:\n\nhttp://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna_double_helix/readmore.html
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The best way to trace maternal ancestry is through Mitochondrial DNA. It is only passed down throught the mother and therefore much less intergrated than "normal" DNA.\n\nThey have used this technique to find the origins of the first "Eve" as it were. So its definitely possible.
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The dual utility of DNA fingerprinting for the prosecution and the defense actually surfaced at its first use in police work. In 1986, two years after the technology was invented by Alec Jeffries of Leicester University in the United Kingdom, a girl was raped and murdered several miles from Jeffries's laboratory. \n\nA suspect confessed to the crimes, but denied a previous, similar crime. A DNA test confirmed that denial -- and when the police DNA-tested evidence from the recent murder, they discovered that the suspect's DNA was similarly absent. The suspect, once confessed but twice innocent, walked free. With both crimes now unsolved, the police found a pretext to collect blood from local men and eventually found and nailed a man whose DNA appeared at both crime scenes. "It was an extraordinarily auspicious beginning...," wrote Harlan Levy, a former New York City prosecutor. "In its first known application to a murder case, DNA testing fulfilled both its promises, clearing an innocent man and helping convict a guilty one." \n\nDNA fingerprinting was a whole lot less decisive in the O.J. Simpson case: The ex-footballer walked on double murder charges, even though his blood was found in compromising situations. The jury decided that the DNA evidence was tainted by police misconduct. While the DNA was neither convincing nor convicting, the Simpson trial forever changed the legal treatment of DNA: \n\nThe procedures for collecting and processing DNA have been tightened. With the tests considered unassailable, proper handling of evidence is crucial. \n\nJudges and juries know the basic science of testing -- or at least accept its scientific validity. George Gaucys, HLA/paternity laboratory manager at the American Red Cross in Madison, Wis., says, "There's less need to testify," in the 700 or so paternity cases his lab handles each year. (DNA fingerprinting is used to prove paternity so states can prod fathers to fund their children's upbringing.) \n \nDNA fingerprinting and the databases needed to take maximum legal advantage of them do raise privacy and ethical concerns. Some observers fear any misuse of the FBI's national DNA database, the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). "These are technologies in which powerful organs in society control members with less power," Philip Bereano, a director of the American Civil Liberties Union, told Time in 1999 (see "DNA Detectives" in the bibliography). "They are inherently violative of civil rights." CODIS went online in 1998, offering access to state data on DNA related to rape, murder and child abuse. \n\nAnd that's fine with prosecutors, who note that given the difficulty of preventing repeat crimes by sex offenders, and the gravity of rape and murder, databases are the fastest, best protection for the public. \n\nBeyond political and legal acceptance, the increasing use of DNA fingerprinting reflects the introduction of a faster, cheaper and better technique that can produce a conviction from a pin-head size drop of blood. In fact, even a few skin cells may do the trick. Says Laber, "We've had good luck with cigarette butts, stamps, envelopes, ski masks, even a hat band. If you lose a hat or an article of clothing, there's a reasonable chance" your skin cells may be found on it.
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"DNA fingerprinting" or DNA typing (profiling) as it is now known,was first described in 1985 by an English geneticist named Alec Jeffreys.Dr, Jeffreys found that certain regions of DNA contained DNA sequences that were repeated over and over again next to each other.He also discovered that the number of repeated sections present in a sample could differ from individual to individual.By developing a technique to examine the lenght variation of these DNA repeat sequences,Dr. Jeffreys created the ability to perform human identitiy tests.\nThese DNA repeat regions became known as VNTRs,which stands for variable number of tandem repeats.The technique used by Dr.Jeffreys to examine the VNTRs was called restriction fragment lenght polymorphism (RFLP)because it involved the use of a restriction enzyme to cut the regions of DNA surrounding the VNTRs.This RFLP method was first used to help in an English immigration case and shortly thereafter to solve a double homicide case.Since that time, human identity testing using DNA typing methods has been wide spread.\nIn general, our knowledge of the origin and biological function of tandem repeats is still rudimentary. Attempts have been made to collect and systematically store in databases various information on tandem repeats. The mini-satellite database (http://minisatellites.u-psud.fr/) collects and stores short tandem repeats of a certain number of species, computed with the Tandem Repeats Finder tool. A more specialized STDR database Short Tandem Repeat DNA Internet Database (http://www.cstl.nist.gov/biotech/strbase/) focuses on short tandem repeats involved in genetic mapping and identity testing. The Tandem Repeat Data Base (http://tandem.biomath.mssm.edu/cgi-bin/trdb/trdb.exe)(TRDB) is an integrated web-based environment that allows to compute, store and manipulate tandem repeats (comparison, forming clusters, displaying statistics), as well as some other types of repeats.
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DNA was discovered as a chemical long before the 50's when Watson and Crick discovered the structure of it.  I can't totally answer your question, but hopefully that keeps you from getting sidetracked.
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By far the most famous was the discovery of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick, using essentially a tinker-toy ball and stick model.
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As would be expected fingerprints have been around as long as man has, and thus the first human to look at their hands would have discovered fingerprints. I assume that in this question you are asking who realised that they could be used as a method of identification. This has been known for thousands of years, in fact in early civilisation the distinctive fingerprint of a person could be found on pottery created by that person as way of a hall mark.\nNehemiah Graw (1641-1712) was one of the first people to study the distinct ridges of the fingerprints, and the science of their study developed through such people as Marcello Malpighi and Thomas Bedwick. The first person to realise that fingerprints were so distinctive they could be used fairly accuratly as a means of identification was Sir William Herschel (1833-1917), but it was Dr Juan Vucetich who started up the worlds first fingerprint buereu in argentina, and this became the first country in 1896 to abolish athropometry as a means of identification, in favour of fingerprints.
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Fingerprinting >\n\nn : The procedure of taking inked impressions of a person's fingerprints for the purpose of identification.