who invented medicine for spinal anesthtsia and in which year?
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Bier of germany in the year 1898
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sleeping gas-nitrous oxide\n\nDuring the past one hundred and fifty years a number of gases\n\nhave been adopted into anesthesia practice---ether, chloroform,\n\ncyclopropane and others---which have disappeared from the clinical\n\narmamentarium as better agents appeared. Yet the oldest gas used\n\nfor surgical pain relief, nitrous oxide, remains a frequently\n\nused agent in certain types of surgeries and dental procedures.\n\n \n\nNitrous oxide was first identified around 1774 by the great English chemist,\n\nUnitarian minister, author and all-around radical Joseph Priestley.\n\nAlthough Priestley suggested a potential medical use\n\nfor the various gases with which he experimented, this potential\n\nwas not tested until the late 1780s when English physician Thomas\n\nBeddoes began efforts to adapt gas inhalation for therapeutic uses.\n\nBeddoes' work eventually led to the founding of his Pneumatic\n\nInstitution near Bristol, the hiring of a young Humphry Davy as\n\nresearch assistant and their experimental work over more than a\n\nyear with nitrous oxide.(1) In one of the closing paragraphs of his\n\ngreat monograph describing this research, published in the summer of\n\n1800, Davy left us this tantalizing observation: "As nitrous oxide\n\nin its extensive operation appears capable of destroying physical pain,\n\nit may probably be used with advantage during surgical operations in\n\nwhich no great effusion of blood takes place." (2) Thus the concept\n\nof surgical pain relief via gas inhalation appeared at the very beginning\n\nof the nineteenth century. The medical community of the day met Davy's\n\nsuggestion with stunning disinterest.\n\n \n\nYet knowledge of nitrous oxide did not disappear entirely from public view.\n\nMedical and chemistry textbooks, literary and other satires, and public\n\nand classroom demonstrations of nitrous oxide's remarkable effects on\n\nhumans served as channels in which information about the gas survived for the\n\nnext four decades. (3-6) At one such public demonstration in December 1844,\n\nin Hartford, Connecticut, dentist Horace Wells reconstructed Davy's\n\nobservation about nitrous oxide and began experiments with the gas on first\n\nhimself and then his patients. In the following month he persuaded one of\n\nAmerica's most famous surgeons, John Collins Warren, to let him demonstrate\n\nthe gas in the operating theater of the Massachusetts General Hospital in\n\nBoston. When the patient cried out during the operation, Wells was hooted\n\nfrom the room by the medical faculty and students in attendance and the\n\ndemonstration was widely perceived a failure. Almost two years later, in\n\nthe same room, William Morton successfully demonstrated ether anesthesia for\n\nthe same surgeon, and the battle over who "discovered" anesthesia\n\nbegan. (7)\n\n \n\nWells continued to use nitrous oxide even after his Boston "failure"\n\nand Morton's demonstrations in October and November 1846. The following\n\narticle, written by Dr. E.E. Marcy of Hartford, describes a case of\n\nAugust 17, 1847, in which Wells administered nitrous oxide to one of\n\nMarcy's patients who had a testicle removed. After describing the\n\nsuccessful surgery, and the patient's assertion that after a brief\n\ninitial pain the rest of the surgery was painless, Marcy proceeds to\n\nvigorously defend nitrous oxide as a better agent than ether. Marcy\n\ncontinued to defend Wells and "his" gas even after Wells' suicide in\n\nearly 1848.(8)
124818
No, Hippocrates was the Greek most famous for his work on medicinal practices. Many of his ideas were off base: however, his Hippocratic Oath (you know the one, "First do no harm", etc.) is still pledged today. Credit given for first envisioning something similar to a helocopter is usually given to Leonardo da Vinci. He worked for the Medici family, and part of his job was to create military defensive ideas.
513529
I had a knotted up nerve in my neck one time that was driving me insane.  The doctor gave  me some pain killer but that just made the room spin, so finally out of desperation I went to a chiropractor for the frist time in my life.  He crunched my back in several places and then practically twisted my head off from both sides.  The amazing thing was that within minutes I could feel a noticable difference and after going back a couple of more times it fixed it completely, something pain killers cannot do.
304946
Doctor Discovers the 'Orgasmatron'
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There is local injury to the ligaments and to the cartilege of the joints, which some researchers indicate may predispose to arthritis.  There is often noise.  Sometimes, in the presence of muscle spasm, it can trigger a "reset" of the "setpoint" of the alpha motor cells in the region, causing some relaxation, much like slapping the side of a malfunctioning TV will make it (sometimes) start working right.\n\nThis is about all that has been subjected to well controlled experimentation and demonstrated clearly.  The other claims made for spinal manipulation are not well researched (done with controls getting fake manipulations, and with numbers in the hundreds to thousands) and are not adequately proven.\n\nIf spinal manipulation had to get past the FDA, with the current data, it couldn't...  There isn't the safety and efficacy ( = research showing that it works) data out there that there is for, say, Lipitor or Fosamax or Lamictal or Prilosec or Zantac or....  frankly every drug it's legal to prescribe (or that once required prescription)...
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I don't know what's available in the US - is there no possibility to do something against the cause...?\n\nFor migraines and back aches (without organic cause) go for a one-time manual treatment called Atlasprofilax - the effects are amazing.
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Here is part of a website answer  you can continue checking\n\nBUMC Proceedings 2000;13:255-259\n\nDermatology at Baylor University Medical Center \n \nM. ALAN MENTER, MD\nFrom the Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.\n\nHistorical articles published in Proceedings, including the history of anesthsiology published last issue) will be reprinted in the centennial history of Baylor University Medical Center, edited by H. Lawrence Wilsey and scheduled for publication in 2002. Readers who have any additional information, artifacts, photographs, or documents related to the historical articles are asked to forward such information to the Proceedings' editorial office for possible inclusion in the book version.\n\nCorresponding author: M. Alan Menter, MD, 3600 Gaston Avenue, 651 Wadley, Dallas, Texas 75246.\n \n\n \n \n  \nHumans seem to have been ready victims of disease--including diseases of the skin--since they emerged from simian darkness >500,000 years ago. Diseases of the skin and other disease forms have remained essentially the same throughout the millennia (1). The skin is the body's largest and most exposed organ. Its diseases, myriad in number and variation, have challenged dermatologists and other physicians for centuries. \nGreek and Roman physicians endeavored to treat patients with skin disorders but with limited success. A Roman gentleman, Celsus, while not a physician, contributed to the understanding of skin disorders through his description and classification. The richness of the details he used is still reflected in our current dermatologic nomenclature (2). \n\nAs scientific advances were made in the late 1700s and 1800s, the causes and treatment of skin disorders became better understood. Lorry published a pioneering treatise on skin diseases in 1777. Jean Louis Alibert (1768-1837) is considered the founder of the discipline, but his system was superseded by that of the Englishman Robert Willan (1757-1812). Ferdinand von Hebra (1816-1880) introduced a pathological approach, and Raymond Sabouraud (1864-1938) and Paul Unna (1850-1929) discussed bacteriology's effects on dermatology (3).
46531
China.\nCheck this link http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpapermaking.htm
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http://www.webmd.com/hw/back_pain/hw62352.asp\nhttp://www.spine.org/articles/spinalfusion.cfm
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Yes - he was an American physician and he invented the first Woman's vibr@tor in 1869.  It was powered by steam.
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(not sure if i believe this, but I came up with this while looking for an answer)\n\n"How was acupuncture discovered?"\nThe discovery of acupuncture is rather interesting. It was accidently discovered when a warrior, struck by an arrow in a battle, became aware of a numbness that had nothing to do with his wound.\n\nLater, it was discovered that it was not the size of the wound that mattered, but rather the precise points where the pin punctured that brought relief to the sufferer. This led to belief that a needle inserted at various points on the body when manipulated, could cure disease.
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it started off really..as an accident!\n\nDr. Albert Hofmann (born January 11, 1906) is a prominent Swiss scientist and best known as the "father" of LSD. He was born in Baden, Switzerland, and studied chemistry at the University of Zürich. His main interest was the chemistry of plants and animals, and he later conducted important research regarding the chemical structure of the common animal substance chitin, for which he received his doctorate. Hofmann joined the pharmaceutical-chemical department of Sandoz Laboratories (now Novartis), located in Basel, studying the medicinal plant squill and the fungus ergot as part of a program to purify and synthesize active constituents for use as pharmaceuticals.\n\nHis research in lysergic acid, the central shared component of ergot alkaloids, eventually led to the synthesis of LSD-25 in 1938. It was five years later, on repeating synthesis of the almost forgotten substance, that Dr. Hofmann discovered the psychedelic effects of LSD after accidentally absorbing some through his fingertips on April 16, 1943. Three days later, on April 19 (later known as Bicycle Day, after his bicycle ride home that day while under LSD's influence), Hofmann deliberately consumed 250 µg of LSD, and experienced far more intense effects (see: LSD for details). This was followed by a series of self-experiments conducted by Hofmann and his colleagues. He first wrote about these experiments on April 22 of the same year.\n\nHe became director of the natural products department at Sandoz and went on studying hallucinogenic substances found in Mexican mushrooms and other plants used by the aboriginal people. This led to the synthesis of psilocybin, the active agent of many "magic mushrooms."\n\nHofmann also became interested in the seeds of the Mexican morning glory species Rivea corymbosa, the seeds of which are called Ololiuhqui by the natives. He was surprised to find the active compound of Ololiuhqui chemically similar to LSD.\n\nIn 1962, he and his wife Anita travelled to southern Mexico to search for the plant "Ska Maria Pastora" (Leaves of Mary the Shepherdess), later known as Salvia divinorum. He was able to obtain samples of this plant but never succeeded in identifying its active chemicals.\n\nHe calls LSD "medicine for the soul" and is frustrated by the worldwide prohibition that has pushed it underground. "It was used very successfully for 10 years in psychoanalysis," he said, adding that the drug was hijacked by the youth movement of the 1960s and then unfairly demonized by the establishment that the movement opposed. He concedes LSD can be dangerous in the wrong hands. [1]\n\nHe has been the author of over 100 scientific articles and has written (or co-written) a number of books, including LSD, My Problem Child, which is partly an autobiography and describes his famous bicycle ride.\n\nOn the occasion of his 100th birthday on January 11, 2006, he was the focus of an international symposium, which drew further media attention for his discovery of LSD.\n\n"I think that in human evolution it has never been as necessary to have this substance LSD," said Hofmann. "It is just a tool to turn us into what we are supposed to be."\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Hofmann
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Sauroposeidon\n\nhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/503682.stm
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Please, do NOT ask your doctor about Neurontin.  It is a medicine designed for treating seizures.  It should be used as a last resort right before surgery.  See a chiropractor.  This is what we are trained to treat we are musculoskeletal specialists.  If you are scared to see a chiropractor, start with a massage therapist or physical therapist first.  But there is NO reason to be scared to see a chiropractor.  Just do your research first, find out who your friends or family see.  If they don't see anyone, ask around town about who is best.  Sciatica can be caused by anything from a tight muscle to arthritis in the spine to a disc problem.  Get evaluated by a qualified professional to be sure this is actually your problem.
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The widespread introduction of antiseptic surgical methods followed the publishing of the paper Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery in 1867 by Joseph Lister, inspired by Louis Pasteur's germ theory of putrefaction.
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I would assume you have already been to the 2 sites you listed for information.  Depending on the severity of your spinal problems, there are products that can help you.  Last night on CTV news in Canada, there was a segment on Himilayan Goji Juice and what it has done for people with spinal issues.  There is medical validation on this as well as 72 clinical studies published on pubmed.org.\nContact me if you would like to hear more.