What is corporate governance?
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Corporate governance is the set of processes, customs, policies, laws and institutions affecting the way a corporation is directed, administered or controlled. Corporate governance also includes the relationships among the many players involved (the stakeholders) and the goals for which the corporation is governed. The principal players are the shareholders, management and the board of directors. Other stakeholders include employees, suppliers, customers, banks and other lenders, regulators, the environment and the community at large.\n\nCorporate governance is a multi-faceted subject. An important part of corporate governance deals with accountability, fiduciary duty and mechanisms of auditing and control. In this sense, corporate governance players should comply with codes to the overall good of all constituents. Another important focus is economic efficiency, both within the corporation (such as the best practice guidelines) as well as externally (national institutional frameworks). In this "economic view", the corporate governance system should be designed in such a way as to optimize results. Some argue that the firm should act not only in the interest of shareholders, but also of all the other stakeholders.\n\nRecently there has been considerable interest in the corporate governance practices of modern corporations, particularly since the high-profile collapses of firms such as Enron Corporation.\n\nThe term corporate governance has come to mean many things. It may describe:\n\nthe processes by which companies are directed and controlled \nencouragement of companies' compliance with codes (as in corporate governance guidelines) \ninvestment technique based on active ownership (as in corporate governance funds) \na field in economics, which studies the many issues arising from the separation of ownership and control \n\nAt its broadest, corporate governance encompasses the framework of rules, relationships, systems and processes within and by which fiduciary authority is exercised and controlled in corporations. Relevant rules include applicable laws of the land as well as internal rules of a corporation. Relationships include those between all related parties, the most important of which are the owners, managers, directors of the board (when such entity exists), regulatory authorities and to a lesser extent employees and the community at large. Systems and processes deal with matters such as delegation of authority, performance measures, assurance mechanisms, reporting requirements and accountabilities.\n\nIn this way, the corporate governance structure spells out the rules and procedures for making decisions on corporate affairs. It also provides the structure through which the company objectives are set, as well as the means of attaining and monitoring the performance of those objectives.\n\nIt tries to develop the rules of the game so that stockholders, big and small, may have their intrests and capital working in the best intrest of the firm and them.
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Administration of a business. The business (so to speak) of running a busines. What tasks need to be done to keep the business operating.
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The Board of Directors are the Governors of the organization.  They set policy and direction for the organization.  They hire and supervise the Chief Executive Officer.  They are the WHAT of the organization and the CEO is the HOW.  This is similar whether this is a non-profit organization or a business.  The main difference between a non-profit and a business re the Board is that in a business, compensation for directors can be paid for their service on the Board.
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Provide leadership. Act as an icon for the company and what it stands for. Drive the overall organization, by puting in place other managers that agree with the CEO's direction. \n\nI think it depends of course on the size and industry of the company. Some CEOs need to be high profile, external voices of the company, while most are internal champions driving the organization. \n\nThey are responsible to shareholders/stakeholder for equity performance and debt holders for debt. They are responsible to their customers, employees and society for products/services they provide and the impact it has on their community/world. \n\nAt least they should feel responsible in these ways. Many only care about making money for themselves first and last, and in between getting their shareholders a little something. They could care less about everything else, and that's what makes me despise most CEOs. Certainly they may lie to make you believe otherwise, but people today are smarter than that.
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MoA is a charter of every company. It lays down the objectives of a company and its back ground\n\nVery brief
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A holding that is large relative to other holdings. It can be either people holding shares in your company, or your company holding other shares.
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A corporate company is a name given to a company in the US that registers with the Business Bureau in which they become "incorperated".  They are there own entity, almost like a person when it comes to taxes and so on.  A multinational company can be a corporate company as well, however a multinational comapny does business in at least one other country.
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Effective corporate governance requires a clear understanding of the respective roles of the board and of senior management and their relationships with others in the corporate structure. The relationships of the board and management with stockholders should be characterized by candor; their relationships with employees should be characterized by fairness; their relationships with the communities in which they operate should be characterized by good citizenship; and their relationships with government should be characterized by a commitment to compliance. Senior management, led by the Chief Executive Officer, is responsible for running the day-to-day operations of the corporation and properly informing the board of the status of such operations. Management's responsibilities include strategic planning, risk management, and financial reporting. The board of directors has the important role of overseeing management performance on behalf of stockholders. Its primary duties are to select and oversee a well qualified and ethical CEO who, with senior management, runs the corporation on a daily basis, and to monitor management's performance and adherence to corporate standards. Effective corporate directors are diligent monitors, but not managers, of business operations.\nStockholders necessarily have little voice in the day-to-day management of corporate operations, but have the right to elect representatives (directors) to look out for their interests, and to receive the information they need to make investment and voting decisions.\nEffective corporate governance requires a proactive, focused state of mind on the part of directors, the CEO and senior management, who all must be committed to business success through maintenance of the highest standards of responsibility and ethics. Good governance is far more than a "check-thebox" list of minimum board and management policies and duties. Even the most thoughtful and well-drafted policies and procedures are destined to fail if directors and management are not committed to enforcing them in practice. A good corporate governance structure is a working system for principled goalsetting, effective decision-making and appropriate monitoring of compliance and performance. Through such a vibrant and responsive structure, the CEO, the management team and the board of directors can interact effectively and respond quickly to changing circumstances, within a framework of solid corporate values, to provide enduring value to the stockholders who invest in the enterprise.\nPublicly owned corporations employ diverse approaches to board structure and operations, and no one structure is right for every corporation. Nevertheless, The Business Roundtable believes that the corporate governance "best practices" set forth in the following sections provide an effective approach for corporations to follow.
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(m)\n\nA Statutory Corporation is a corporation created by statute. Statutory corporations are often government owned or part owned businesses and may return dividends to Government
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Corporate objectives are the specific things the corporation says it will do. These usually are either the same objectives that are listed on the mission statement, or are more specific objectives of general ones mentioned in the mission statement.
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IR, or Industrial Relations, law are the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which addresses the legal rights of, and restrictions on, workers and their organizations. As such, it mediates many aspects of the relationship between trade unions, employers and employees. In some countries (such as Canada), employment laws related to unionised workplaces are differentiated from those relating to particular individuals. In most countries however, no such distinction is made. The labour movement has been instrumental in the enacting of laws protecting labour rights in the 19th and 20th centuries.
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A stock exchange  is a corporation or mutual organization which provides facilities for stock brokers to trade company stocks and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for the issue and redemption of securities, as well as, other financial instruments and capital events including the payment of income and dividends.
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Depends a lot on what your corporation does and what you do, but ...\n\n1.  Work more efficiently or more productively - meaning do more work and/or better work in an hour or a day than the next person.\n\n2.  Learn more about the business or specific parts of the business in order to move up in the corporate structure.
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The relationship between all the stakeholders in a company. This includes the shareholders, directors, and management of a company, as defined by the corporate charter, bylaws, formal policy, and rule of law.\n\nEthical companies are said to have excellent corporate governance.\n\n[The preceding from www.dictionary.com]
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Most simply, it will be policed by others, at least in a bureaucratic society.  Look at what happened with corporate governance and the Sarbanes-Oxley law(s).  They brought it on themselves.
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Corporate greed happens - it is the modern world.
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Chairman\nBoard of Directors\nChief Executive Officer\nPresident - The president’s role is to manage and be responsible for the day-to-day affairs of the company.  The board sets policy, the president executes that policy and reports back to the board, and the board then reports to the shareholders, or owners, of the company. \nExecutive Vice President or Chief Officers (IT, Sales, Operations,etc)\nSr. Vice President\nExecutive Directors\nDirectors\nSr. Managers\nManagers\nSr. Supervisors\nSupervisors