microprocessor architecture?
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http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/m/microprocessor.html\n\nhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/m/microprocessor.html\n\nhttp://www.pctechguide.com/21Architecture.htm\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor
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Microprocessor is a micro processor. \n\nIt processes data, performs calculations and  stores data in a memory. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU and is therefore referred to as the "Brain".\n\nTwo good sites for more information is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor\nhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor.htm
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In computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system. It is a blueprint and functional description of requirements (especially speeds and interconnections) and design implementations for the various parts of a computer —focusing largely on the way by which the CPU performs internally and accesses addresses in memory.\n\n"Architecture" hence typically refers to the fixed internal structure of the CPU (ie. electronic switches to represent logic gates) to perform logical operations, and may also include the built-in interface (ie. opcode) by which hardware resources (ie. CPU, memory, and also motherboard, peripherals) may be used by the software.\n\nMore specific usages of the term include:\n\nThe design of a computer's CPU architecture, instruction set, addressing modes, and techniques such as SIMD and MIMD parallelism. \nMore general wider-scale hardware architectures, such as cluster computing and Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) architectures. \nArchitecture is often defined as the set of machine attributes that a programmer should understand in order to successfully program the specific computer (i.e., being able to reason about what the program will do when executed). For example, part of the architecture are the instructions and the width of operands manipulated by them. Similarly, the frequency at which the system operates is not part of the architecture. This definition reveals the two main considerations for computer architects: (1) Design hardware that behaves as the programmers think it should. (2) Utilize existing implementation technologies (e.g., semiconductors) to build the best computer possible (best can be defined in many different ways as described in Design Goals). The latter consideration is often referred to as microarchitecture.
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I'm not an expert. but Dual core processers are fairly new: AMD ATLON 64 X2, and also the PENTIUM D from INTEL. They are 2 processing cores on 1 cpu chip.
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world's first microprocessor, the 4004, where the '4's were used to indicate that the device had a 4-bit data path. The 4004 was part of a four-chip system which also consisted of a 256-byte ROM, a 32-bit RAM, and a 10-bit shift register. The 4004 itself contained approximately 2,300 transistors and could execute 60,000 operations per second. The advantage (as far as Hoff was concerned) was that by simply changing the external program, the same device could be used for a multitude of future project
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processor instructions
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A microcontroller is by definition a is a computer on a chip. It includes all the necessary parts (including the memory) all in one IC. You just need to apply the power (and possibly clock signal) to that device and it starts executing the program programmed to it. A microcontroller generally has the main CPU core, ROM/EPROM/EEPROM/FLASH, RAM and some accessry functions (like timers and I/O controllers) all intergated into one chip. The original idea behind the microcontroller was to limit the capabilities of the CPU itself, allowing a complete computer (memory, I/O, interrupts, etc) to fit on the available silicon real estate. \n\nMicrocontrollers are typically used where processing power isn't so important. More important are generally compact construction, small size, low power consumption and that those chips are cheap. For example controlling a microwave oven is easily accomplished with the smallest of microcontrollers. There are countless number of small electronic devices which are nowdays based on microcontroller. A modern home can include easily tens or hundreds of microcontrollers, as almost every modern device which has electronics has a microcontroller (or more than one) inside. \n\nMicroprocessor is generally just the CPU core itself, althoguh nowadays it might have some accessory parts also integrated to the same chip (for example cache memory).
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Simply stated, it is a processor that actually contains two processors on a single die. In effect, you have the equivalent of two processors inside one chip. In practice the performance improvement over a single core processor is less than 2X, especially since software needs to be written to take advantage of the fact that you have two processor cores available.
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First get a really good grip on how the hardware works, at least the basics.  Then learn X86 assembler and C languages and start in on the source code.  Comment everything that isn't already commented and ask about what you don't understand.  That's the hard way of course.  You could also start with some of the books and resources on the web.  Happy hunting!
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well. it looks tiny to all of us, but infact it has millions of transistors arranged in particular circuitry within itself doing the job. \n\nthis link will help you in detail\nhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/microprocessor.htm
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The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel in 1978, which gave rise to the x86 architecture. The Intel 8088 (released shortly afterwards) was essentially the same chip, but with an external 8-bit data bus, allowing the use of cheap chipsets. That 8088 processor is notable as the processor used in the original IBM PC
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See if this helps:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware
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http://www23.tomshardware.com/cpu.html
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Embedded Processors(ASIC)  are designed for carrying out a specific tasks with lesser instructions because their tack are specific.\nGeneral purpose processors are one designed to be behave as user specified application. Their task is specified by the user by an appropriate software. General Purpose processors contains more instructions which also consumes some more time for doing the same task done by the Embedded Procesors
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Hyper-Threading.\nit's like a processor pretending to be 2.\ngenerally (depending on the application)\nit actually slows down performance\n\ni forgot the specifics on it, but it queus up instructions and splits them between two arithmetic logic units (ALUs)\nand other parts....\n\ndont take the second part of my answer word-for-word. i really don't remember the specifics
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Intel® Core™ Duo processor T2600\n65 nm 2MB L2 2.16 GHz 667 MHz 31W
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PA-8000 - HP\n\nHighlights of the PA-8000 include the following:\nRecord-breaking transaction processing performance --> 700 tps; \nRecord-breaking SPEC performance; --> 360+ SPECint92, >550+ SPECfp92; \nFull binary compatibility with all prior and future PA-RISC implementations; \n"Intelligent Execution" technology in the microarchitecture; and \nFull 64-Bit microprocessor. \n\nhttp://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/announce/1995/pa8000.html