what is a substituted hyrdocarbon?
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A hydrocarbon where some of the hydrogens have been replaced with alkyl side-chains or other elements (e.g. halogens, oxygen-containing, or nitrogen-containing groups)
111102
cinnamic acid is reduced to the aldehyde and can be further reduced to the alcohol.\nsodium borohydride is caustic b/c the hydride ion(H-1) reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and the hydroxide ion.  it acts as a strong base.
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H2S\n\nthats two hrdrogens for every 1 sulpher\n\nso get pure hydrohen and pure sulpher and mix 2:1
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Due to differences in chemical structures
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C4H10\n\nCH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
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There are three possible answers:\n\n1,1-diiodoethylene, which is I2C=CH2\ncis-1,2-diiodoethylene, which is IHC=CHI, with both iodines on the same side\ntrans-1,2-diiodoethylene, which is also IHC=CHI, with the iodines on opposite sides of the molecule
905568
Argh! I wanted to say H20. But never mind, try CO2 or CaCO3
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A 1,2-diol would form.\n\nEthene would form ethan-1,2-diol, (CH2OH)2.
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The optimum ratio of H2 to O2 is given by the formula for water, which is the only product of combustion.  Two molecules of water contain 2 molecules of Hyrdrogen and 1 of Oxygen, so the ratio is 2 to 1 (by volume).\nIf you change the ratio, you get a little less energy because one of the reactants isn't being completely used up and you'll have either an excess of H2 or O2 depending on whether the mix was rich or lean to start.
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Thats a good question!\nNow, when you burna hydrocarbon, the bond between hydrogen and carbon breaks. but they cannot exist in that form as they are both good reducing agents. so they react with the oxygen present and form new molecules. Now when you burn with limited supply of air, hydrogen being the better reducing agent has more affinity for oxygen than carbon. so it readily combines with oxygen to form water vapour. however, the carbon tends to form carbon di oxide(complete combustion) but due to lack of oxygen, it forms carbon monoxide. now excess carbon that has broken bond with hydrogen and still has neither hydrogen nor oxygen to combine with remains as carbon but is very active. thus carbon can also be formed when you burn a hydrcarbon in limited supply of air.
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GFS Chemicals\n\nhttp://www.gfschemicals.com/chemicals/gfschem-5018.asp
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Ultrasonic cleaners might be the best solution.\n\nHere is an excerpt from the source listed below: \n\nAlthough a range of possible alternative products is available today, experience has shown that substitution of TRI is not easy and even not feasible for a number of specific cases, either for technical or economical reasons. For all cases, substitution of TRI needs a thorough evaluation of all process aspects. For this reason we intend to work with the authorities in order to prevent a blanket implementation of forced substitution, and allow sustainable and continued safe use of TRI. \n\nThe alternatives you will probably consider first are the chlorinated solvents perchloroethylene (PER) and methylene chloride (MC). They match closest the technical features of TRI, such as non-flammability, high solvency power, a wide range of material compatibility and excellent drying and recycling properties.\n\nBeside PER and MC, you have probably also heard about other alternatives such as aqueous (water-based) alkaline systems, flammable solvents (e.g. hydrocarbons or modified alcohol based formulations), supercritical CO2 or hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), etc.\n\nIt is impossible to say definitively which technology is best. That depends on your specific application, on what you are cleaning, which materials you want to remove, the cleanliness required, the variability of the parts cleaned, the throughput to be achieved, the cycle times, etc. \n\nFor example, for the cleaning of parts between two water-based manufacturing steps (e.g. galvanising), aqueous systems may be better, since parts are put into water phase again later and no energy-intensive drying step to remove the water is required. \n\nIf you need to have very clean and dry surfaces (for coating or surface hardening, for example) and if you have a variety of different metals or blind holes, narrow distances and very fine orifices or a lot of residual oil to clean, hydrocarbons or aqueous systems may not clean and dry well enough. In these cases, chlorinated solvents will offer most often the best solution as they are compatible with most materials, have a high cleaning power, are easy to dry, don't leave residual films and are easy to recycle with high quality by distillation. In addition, chlorinated solvents are today best suited to be used in modern closed systems with minimal losses. Their ecological performance has very much increased and, when used in well-operated metal cleaning systems, they outperform aqueous cleaning as long as drying is required. This has been shown by a Life Cycle Analysis carried out by Ecobilan. \n\nPER comes closest to TRI in technical performance and is often the first choice candidate as an alternative to TRI. However, it shows clear inherent technical differences, which need to be taken into consideration. On one side, PER offers a lower volatility and therefore is advantageous to minimise emissions in closed equipment. On the other side, PER has a lower solvency power and is therefore normally used at a higher cleaning temperature to achieve similar performance. This may raise concerns regarding the compatibility with specific metal working fluids and temperature-sensitive parts. \n\nMethylene chloride (MC) shows excellent cleaning properties already at low temperatures, favouring the cleaning of temperature sensitive parts. However, its high volatility makes emission control more difficult and requires special equipment.\n\nHydrofluorocarbons (HFC) and hydrofluorocarbon ethers (HFCE) are very expensive and show very limited solvency power. A thorough evaluation of the global warming potential is also required to choose the adequate product.
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Chemistry relating to Carbon derivatives.
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There is no such molecule as there are 3 families of simple hydrocarbons:\n1. the alkanes (Cn H2n+2) of which methane (CH4) is the first. This type of compound has all single bonds in a chain;\n2. the alkenes (Cn H2n) of which ethene (C2H4) is the first. This type of compound has one double bond; and\n3. the alkynes (CnH2n-2) of which acetylene (C2H2) is the first.  This type of compound has one triple bond.\n\nC2H3 fits none of these patterns. However it could be the empirical ('simpest') formula for C4H6 (butylene)
57677
there are only 2, the substituent can be on C1/C4 or C2/C3.
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I don't understand what you are trying to test or why you are doing the test. But  gasoline is a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from five to twelve carbon atoms . Most of those hydrocarbons do not resemble benzene in structure. Gasoline has benzene as a minor component. \n\nA better substitute would likely be toluene or xylene since these are both very similar to benzene in structure and only differ by one functional group on the ring of carbon atoms.
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2-Iodo-2-methylpentane. The longest chain in the compound is CH3CH2CH2-C-CH3, so that's pentane. The -C- carbon atom is second from one end, so that's position 2. It has a CH3 and an I on it, so 2-iodo-2-methyl. In Geneva IUPAC names, substituents are in alphabetical order in English.