which cells in ISLETS OF LANGERHANS produce insulin?
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Beta cells are the insulin producing cells of the islets.  Alpha cells produce glucagon, delta cells somatostatin, and PP cells pancreatic peptide.
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The hormone is synthesized and secreted from alpha cells (α-cells) of the islet of Langerhans, which are located in the endocrine portion of the pancreas. The alpha cells are located in the outer rim of the islet.
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Check out these, I hope they help.\n\nhttp://www.childrenwithdiabetes.com/d_06_800.htm\n\nhttp://www.discountcornerstore.com/insulin.html
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People with Diabetes have a Pancreas that either produces very little or no insulin. People with type 1 diabetes take insulin and this can come in many forms... I am a type one diabetic and i have been since my 12th birthday (7years ago) (late birthday present!!) I started off on 2 injections a day which was a basic insulin called Mixtard 30 which was awful as I was at more risk of Hypoglacaemia's aka "Hypo's" (a low blood sugar) I am not on 2 short acting insulins and Glargine (a 24hour long acting insulin) which i find is much easier to manage with fewer hypo's.\n\nType 1 Diabetics do not produce enough or no insulin at all so they have to fully compensate their body by injecting insulin! (this tends to be people under the age of 40 years old or people over that age who are very poorly controlled on their Type 2 medication which is tablets, then they will be transfered onto insulin injections.\n\nType 2 Diabetics have a pancreas that will produce insulin but in small amounts or when it is not needed. The tablet medication they take shall cause the pancreas to regulate and produce insulin when required (after eating a meal) (this is why the tablets should be taken before a meal to get a chance to work).\n\nThere are many types of insulin and there are many types of tablets for diabetic patients and the main thing that people forget is that when you have a cold or feel ill go to a pharmacy and  please remember that your diabetic medication may interact with some medications that you can buy in stores so i would reccommend that it is best that you go to a pharmacy and seek proffessional advice and not just buy a cough medicine or expectorant from a superstore as the P medicines ONLY SOLD bechind a pharamacy counter are stronger!
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humans synthesis insulin( beta cells) in the pancreas.Beta cells make up 75% of the working cells of this exocrine gland. insulin is used as a "key" by the body to unlock the cells "door", and allow glycagon to enter, then the cell uses the new energy to function. in diabetes, the key or insulin is in short supply or missing. so the cell door cant be opened and glucose floats freely in the blood stream to the kidneys( making them work harder) and the body doesn't get its needed energy. insulin can't be ingested by mouth due to the high acidic levels in digestion.this would destroy the polypeptides. Pork insulin ( lenti) has been used for years for people who develop insulin Resistance but is being phased out as are other animal derived hormones. synthetic insulin and islets cell transplants(being done in Canada,with success!) are the future of treating this syndrome.oral medication are not insulin but are used to regulate carb absorption or breakdown. oral meds are used at different times of day, alone or with insulin. they have even learned that woman who have PCOS ( who also run a higher risk of developing DM) can be treated with a glucose lowering agent called Glucophage.And new insulins like Lantus, allow better control with one injection a day.
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Endocrine refers to all hormones, not just those of the pancreas.  They are made in one cell and released into the blood stream where they work on distant cells.\n\nNeurological transmissions are predominately electrical.  The neuron gets depolarized and sends an electric signal down its axon (long process of the cell) to where it will be going to  (a muscle for example).  When the electric signal reaches its destination (the end of the axon) it causes a release of a neurotransmitter from the axon (each axon only releases one type of neurotransmitter).  These transmitters diffuse to where they are going (a muscle for example) and cause a change in that cell.\n\nSome similarities are that both hormones and neurotransmitters have specific receptors for them and they both cause changes in the cells that they interact with.  Also, there are some neurotransmitters that are hormones, they are released from the end of the axon into the bloodstream and then go to distant cells to do their work.
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glucose, catalyzed in humans by ptyalin.
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Well, your better off taking the insulin for now because the surgeries are expensive as hell and time consuming. They have isilets of langerhan transplants and pancreas transplants, they have insulin pump transplants and insulin pump therapy. All but the insulin pump therapy requires you to take drugs 6 months in advance to shut down your immune system to ready yourself for a transplant and then you have a 60% chance of rejection if your lucky enough to get a pancreas to begin with so if your ready emotionally, physically, and finacially to go through with it good luck, like i said just get a bottle of insulin and some syringes and tough it out.
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Diabetes Overview\n\nDiabetes is a set of related diseases in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood.\n\nGlucose in the blood gives you energy—the kind you need when you walk briskly, run for a bus, ride your bike, take an aerobics class, and perform your day-to-day chores.\n\n    * Glucose in the blood is produced by the liver from the foods you eat.\n\n    * In a healthy person, the blood glucose level is regulated by several hormones, one of which is insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, a small organ near the stomach that also secretes important enzymes that help in the digestion of food.\n\n    * Insulin allows glucose to move from the blood into liver, muscle, and fat cells, where it is used for fuel.\n\n    * People with diabetes either do not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or cannot use insulin properly (type 2 diabetes), or both.\n\n    * In diabetes, glucose in the blood cannot move into cells, and it stays in the blood. This not only harms the cells that need the glucose for fuel, but also harms certain organs and tissues exposed to the high glucose levels.\n\nType 1 diabetes: The body stops producing insulin or produces too little insulin to regulate blood glucose level.\n\n    * Type 1 diabetes comprises about 10% of total cases of diabetes in the United States.\n\n    * Type 1 diabetes is typically recognized in childhood or adolescence. It used to be known as juvenile-onset diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.\n\n    * Type 1 diabetes can occur in an older individual due to destruction of pancreas by alcohol, disease, or removal by surgery or progressive failure of pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin.\n\n    * People with type 1 diabetes generally require daily insulin treatment to sustain life.\n\nType 2 diabetes: The pancreas secretes insulin, but the body is partially or completely unable to use the insulin. This is sometimes referred to as insulin resistance. The body tries to overcome this resistance by secreting more and more insulin. People with insulin resistance develop type 2 diabetes when they do not continue to secrete enough insulin to cope with the higher demands.\n\n    * At least 90% of patients with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.\n\n    * Type 2 diabetes is typically recognized in adulthood, usually after age 45 years. It used to be called adult-onset diabetes mellitus, or non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These names are no longer used because type 2 diabetes does occur in younger people, and some people with type 2 diabetes need to use insulin.\n\n    * Type 2 diabetes is usually controlled with diet, weight loss, exercise, and oral medications. More than half of all people with type 2 diabetes require insulin to control their blood sugar levels at some point in the course of their illness.\n\nGestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during the second half of pregnancy.\n\n    * Although gestational diabetes typically goes away after delivery, women who have gestational diabetes are more likely than other women to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.\n\n    * Women with gestational diabetes are more likely to have large babies.\n\nMetabolic syndrome (syndrome X) is a set of abnormalities in which insulin-resistant diabetes (type 2) is almost always present and includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia (increased serum lipids, predominant elevation of LDL, decrease in HDL, and elevated triglycerides), central obesity, and abnormalities in blood clotting and inflammatory responses. A high rate of cardiovascular disease is associated with the metabolic syndrome.\n\nPrediabetes is a common condition related to diabetes. In people with prediabetes, the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be considered diabetes.\n\n    * Prediabetes increases your risk of getting type 2 diabetes and of having heart disease or a stroke.\n\n    * Prediabetes can be reversed without insulin or med
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Diabetes is itself a derangement of the endocrine system. In type 1, a major endocrine system has completely failed. There is no insulin as a result of damage to the beta cells in charge of producing it. \n\nType 2 is more complicated. It is characteristically an inability of many body cells (about 2/3) to use insulin even if it's present. Some type 2s go on to have more insulin than normal in an attempt to get blood glucose levels down, or to beta cell death / exhaustion and reduced or no insulin. In any case, this is also a derangement of the endocrine system, also involving insulin.\n\nInsulin is tremendously important and is so important that it has been conserved across large evolutionary distance and time. The nematode worm, c elegans, uses insulin in much the same way and for the same purposes, that we do. So do fish. Beef insulin is exactly the same hormone as human insulin, except that it differs in two amino acids, and pork insulin is even closer, only one different amino acid. \n\nAs such, it's a great signal to rely on for controlling many things. If there's biochemical energy available, then protein synthesis will be possible, energetically. So cells use insulin levels to control amino acid uptake from blood stores. And similarly for electrolyte balances across cell membranes. And similarly for mobilization (or storage) of excess calories in the form of fats; if there's glucose in the blood, insulin levels will be high and so fats in the diet should be stored against future need. If there's little glucose in the blood, insulin will be low, and so energy in stores (ie, fat cells) should be used -- fats get dumped in the blood (as blood lipids), taken to the liver and turned into fuel for the rest of the body. (This is called ketosis, and it's the basis of the Atkins diet, though such diets are not 'normal' and, especially for diabetics, should be used with great caution. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious medical emergency and can be triggered by dietary derangements.) And so on and so on. \n\nInsulin is the direct cause of, or the indirect cause of, a great many things throughout the body. Consequences of its presence or absence are many, important, serious and cannot be too far wrong lest the damage be severe enough to cause damage or death.
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A pancreas is made up of thousands of cells.\nAmongst these cells are specialised groups of cells.\nThese special cells secrete chemicals that:\n- are important in digestion,\n- are important in controling sugar levels.\n\nLook here:
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protein:   insulin, thyroxin,glucagon\nsteroid:  cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone.
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Insulin.  In Type 1 diabetes mellitus, the cells of the pancreas produce little or no insulin to regulate blood glucose level appropriately.  It can occur at any age, but usually starts in people younger than 30.  It also has a strong genetic link.
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There are some research centers working on this.\nOne of them is the Howard Hughes Medical Institute:\nhttp://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/melton.html\n    \n"Summary: Doug Melton's laboratory is interested in the genes and stem cells that give rise to the pancreas and insulin-producing beta cells, with possible therapeutic implications for diabetes."
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firstly, insulin is not produced in fixed quantities. and it is NOT regulated by pituitary gland. insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas and this is done by direct stimulation of glucose in blood. if the pancreas have normal functioning beta cells, there will not be excess insulin production.
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DNA has already been cloned, so your question is meaningless. This was done in bacteria over 40 years ago, and is how human insulin is now produced en masse.
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type 1 is caused by the simple fact that your pancreas does not secrete insulin.  type 2 is when your pancreas does secrete some insulin but your body is not able to use it. Type 1 is not related to the amount of sugar you eat. It's said to be autoimmune. Type 2 is usally caused by obesity.