what is composition of ocean water per100liters?
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i think this link might help.. chk it out dude
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the easy answer is that it is less dense, but if you want the real answer, it is most dense at 4C, here is a graph\n\nhttp://www.piercecollege.edu/offices/weather/water.html
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None!\n\nAtmosphere is made up of Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%),Argon (0.9%) and other gasses e.g Carbon dioxide, Methane, Rare (inert) gases (0.1%)
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The major variable regarding ocean salinity is the 'Water Cycle.' Only pure water evaporates from oceans, lakes and seas. Not salt water. So, any body of water tends to get more salty over time. If all the water evaporates, all that is left is salt. That is why Utah has the great salt flats. The huge lake Bonneville evaporated and left behind miles and miles of salt. \n\nBut in the Water Cycle, the water that evaporates does not just stay up in the air. It forms clouds, rain or snow falls to Earth and flows down rivers back into the oceans, seas and lakes. The water that falls from the sky - not counting any pollution! - is pure water. The rivers and glaciers carry this water - with dissolved minerals and salts - back into the sea. \n\nThe concentration of dissolved minerals and salts of the rivers or glaciers is far less than that in the oceans. So near where fresher water is flowing into the oceans the salinity is lower than that out in the parts of the ocean where there is less rainfall.\n\n;-D There is a lot of water on planet Earth, but not much of it is drinkable! Don't waste water!
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# Anoxic autotrophs: Obtain hydrogen from chemicals such as sulfur.\n[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[Dead Zones are areas where the bottom water (the water at the sea floor) is anoxic, meaning that it has very low (or completely zero) concentrations of dissolved oxygen.]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]\nDead Zones are areas where the bottom water (the water at the sea floor) is anoxic, meaning that it has very low (or completely zero) concentrations of dissolved oxygen. These dead zones are occurring in many areas along the coasts of major continents, and they are spreading over larger areas of the sea floor. Because very few organisms can tolerate the lack of oxygen in these areas, they can destroy the habitat in which numerous organisms make their home.\n\nThe cause of anoxic bottom waters is fairly simple: the organic matter produced by phytoplankton at the surface of the ocean (in the euphotic zone) sinks to the bottom (the benthic zone) where it is subject to breakdown by the action of bacteria, a process known as bacterial respiration. The problem is, while phytoplankton use carbon dioxide and produce oxygen during photosynthesis, bacteria use oxygen and give off carbon dioxide during respiration. The oxygen used by bacteria is the oxygen dissolved in the water, and that’s the same oxygen that all of the other oxygen-respiring animals on the bottom (crabs, clams, shrimp, and a host of mud-loving creatures) and swimming in the water (zooplankton, fish) require for life to continue.\n\nThe "creeping dead zones" are areas in the ocean where it appears that phytoplankton productivity has been enhanced, or natural water flow has been restricted, leading to increasing bottom water anoxia. If phytoplankton productivity is enhanced, more organic matter is produced, more organic matter sinks to the bottom and is respired by bacteria, and thus more oxygen is consumed. If water flow is restricted, the natural refreshing flow of "oxic" waters (water with normal dissolved oxygen concentrations) is reduced, so that the remaining oxygen is depleted faster.\n\nMany of the areas where increasing bottom water anoxia has recently been observed are near the mouths of major river systems. While Satellite images can’t see the bottom of the ocean, they can see the surface, where sediments from rivers mix with ocean waters. The images shown here are Satellite images (SeaWiFS) observations of the Mississippi River delta, the Yangtze River mouth in China (The Yangtze River mouth is not currently identified as an area with an associated dead zone, but such conditions could develop there in the future), and the Pearl River mouth in China, near Hong Kong.\n\nSeaWiFS can also observe areas where water flow is restricted, such as the Baltic Sea in Europe. The image on the left features Denmark after strong storms caused flooding and increased sediment suspension in the Baltic. On the right is an overview of the Baltic Sea, including a plankton bloom in the Skagerrak just north of Denmark.\n\nThe apparent cause of the creeping dead zones is agriculture, specifically fertilizer. While fertilizer is necessary to foster bumper agricultural crops, it also runs off the fields into the streams and rivers of a watershed. When the fertilizer reaches the ocean, it just becomes more nutrients for the phytoplankton, so they do what they do best: they grow and multiply. Which leads to more organic matter reaching the bottom, more bacterial respiration, and more anoxic bottom water.\n\nThese effects can be magnified by catastrophe. When the heavy rains of Hurricane Floyd caused extensive flooding in North Carolina in September 1999, the heavy load of nutrients (from dead animals, flooded animal waste ponds, and numerous other sources) reached the sounds that lie between the coast and the Outer Banks, oxygen levels in the water plummeted. The picture at the top of the page shows the heavy load of sediments flowing into Pamlico Sound. SeaWiFS captur
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The unit "cubic meters per second" is a measure of flow.\n\n100/40 = 2.5\n\nThus you can say, "The Gulf Stream current is two and one-half times faster than the Cromwell current."\n\nHope this helps!
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phytoplankton drifts on the ocean current, if that counts
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Salt in the ocean comes from the land. The elements that make up salts, such as chlorine and sodium, started out in rocks. Water and acids eroded the rocks, and rivers carried the elements into the sea. The oceans usually contain 35 parts of salts for every 1000 parts of sea water. This is lower in some places where there is a lot of fresh water coming into the ocean. It is higher where the Sun is very strong and evaporates more of the water. When all the water is gone, the salts are left behind as solid, white crystals.
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1 kg of water = 1000 grams of water.\nWater (H2O) has a molar mass of 18.02 grams per mol.\n1000 grams of H2O equals about 55.5 moles of water.\n\nThe reaction which water is split into Hydrogen gas and Oxygen as is as follows,\n2H2O (l) --electrolysis--> 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)\n\nThe change in the enthalpy of formation of this reaction equals about +571.8 kJ, meaning that at standard conditions and at a constant pressure, 571.8 kJ of work must be done on the system to totally split 2 moles of water into 2 moles of H2 and 1 mole of O2 gas.\nUsing this information, we find that to split 55.5 moles of water into 55.5 moles of H2 gas and 27.75 moles of O2 gas, it would require 15867.45 kJ of energy (or about 1.6 E7 Joules).\n\nThe amount of energy needed to split the water is also the maximum amount of energy which will be obtained if the H2 and O2 are then allowed to recombine again into water.
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c. 1 mg/L\n\nbecause there is 1000000 mg in L ( water)
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This is a damn good question, and I’m going to do you the credit of assuming it’s your own and not a homework question.\n\nYou’re right, it’s odd that water can evaporate from an ocean at 25oC when by definition water doesn’t have enough energy to vaporise until it hits 100oC. The answer lies in the way that we define and measure temperature.\n\n“Temperature’ as we normally apply it, and as we apply it to ocean water, is simply a measure of the average velocity of the atoms and molecules. Or more simply when we say that water is at 25oC we are really saying that on average they are at 25oC. In reality that probably means something like  25% of the water molecules are at 5oC, 50% at 20oC, 24% at 30oC and the other  1% are at 100oC or even higher.\n\nThat tiny percentage of molecules that are at 100oC or higher, if they are on the surface, can escape the water body and fly ff into the air. That is how water manages to evaporate even when it is well below 100oC.\n\nEven more suprisingly you can see this happening even if the water is frozen. Even when the average temperature is below 0oC some individual molecules will still be at 100oC.Those molecules can evaporate, and you can watch an ice cube slowly shrink and vanish completely over time even though it never melts.
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Did you ever wonder why the oceans are filled with salt water instead of fresh? Just where did the salt come from? And is it the same salt you find on a dining room table? Most of the salt in the oceans came from land. Over millions of years, rain, rivers, and streams have washed over rocks containing the compound sodium chloride (NaCl), and carried it into the sea. You may know sodium chloride by its common name: table salt! Some of the salt in the oceans comes from undersea volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. When water evaporates from the surface of the ocean, the salt is left behind. After millions of years, the oceans have developed a noticeably salty taste.\n\nDifferent bodies of water have different amounts of salt mixed in, or different salinities. Salinity is expressed by the amount of salt found in 1,000 grams of water. Therefore, if we have 1 gram of salt and 1,000 grams of water, the salinity is 1 part per thousand, or 1 ppt.\n\nThe average ocean salinity is 35 ppt. This number varies between about 32 and 37 ppt. Rainfall, evaporation, river runoff, and ice formation cause the variations. For example, the Black Sea is so diluted by river runoff, its average salinity is only 16 ppt.\n\nFreshwater salinity is usually less than 0.5 ppt. Water between 0.5 ppt and 17 ppt is called brackish. Estuaries (where fresh river water meets salty ocean water) are examples of brackish waters.\n\nMost marine creatures keep the salinity inside their bodies at about the same concentration as the water outside their bodies because water likes a balance. If an animal that usually lives in salt water were placed in fresh water, the fresh water would flow into the animal through its skin. If a fresh water animal found itself in the salty ocean, the water inside of it would rush out. The process by which water flows through a semi-permeable membrane (a material that lets only some things pass through it) such as the animal's skin from an area of high concentration (lots of water, little salt) to an area of low concentration (little water, lots of salt) is called osmosis.\n\nThis is also why humans (and nearly all mammals) cannot drink salt water. When you take in those extra salts, your body will need to expel them as quickly as possible. Your kidneys will try to flush the salts out of your body in urine, and in the process pump out more water than you are taking in. Soon you'll be dehydrated and your cells and organs will not be able to function properly.
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atlantic, pacific, and indian oceans
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Dead Sea ..  with salinity of about 30%. This is about 8.6 times greater than the average ocean salinity.
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I believe the Pacific is 100% ocean water.
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δ18O\n\nOxygen has 9 isotopes and natural oxygen is a mixture of three stable isotopes. Oxygen 18 is 0.205% of all natural oxygen. Because it is heavier than Oxygen 16 (the normal oxygen atom) it behaves differently during some earth processes, notably as part of the water cycle. As water evaporates from the ocean surface, the heavier molecules (those with the 18O) tend to be left behind. As water vapor forms clouds and rain, the first precipitation is more likely to contain the 18O.  During periods when glacial ice is building up on the planet, water on the continents is isotopically lighter, and the ocean water is isotopically heavier. \n\nBenthic forams, (sea creatures that live on the deep ocean floor) record this change in isotopic composition of sea water as they form their shells of calcium carbonate (which contains oxygen also).  Since the minimum temperature for deep ocean sea water is limited to the freezing point of sea water, the effects of changing temperature on 18O concentration, and the change in the isotopic composition of sea water can be separated and the net change in 18O determined.  These changes, measured from both ocean floor cores and ice cores from polar regions, give both a signal that ice volume on the planet is changing over time and that global temperature is changing over time. \n\nhttp://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540/lec01-19/\n\nAn interesting example of how this property of oxygen isotopes can be applied is in this paper on the Eocene (57-36 million years before present) which was a warm period in the Earth’s history.  Their work using cellulose from fossil trees in the Arctic suggested a mean annual temperature for that area of −2.7 °C (± 2.5).  This is not radically different from modern day arctic temperatures, and it disagrees with other evidence of the warmer Eocene climate. These researchers suggested that the δ18O change may have been influenced more by climate patterns than temperature alone, to account for the low δ18O values. \n\nAnother study \nhttp://insci14.ucsd.edu/~tkobashi/paper/geology2001.html \nused marine mollusks to indicate that mean annual sea temperature in the Eocene decreased from 26-27 °C to 22-23 °C in the Oligocene, a 5 degree drop in global temperature averages.
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Water Systems:\n\nhttp://www.ec.gc.ca/water/images/nature/prop/a2f2e.jpg\n\n95% of Earth's water is Salt Water leaving 5% as Fresh Water.  Nearly all of the Fresh water is in the form of Ice or underground.\n\nThis site appears to have a lot of data as well as activities for learning.\n\nhttp://members.aol.com/bowermanb/water.html