what are the endangered species of coral reef?
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Acropora prolifera \nDendrogyra cylindricus - pillar coral \nDichocoenia stokessi \nOculina varicosa
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Corals (class Anthozoa), which include sea anemones (order Actiniaria), are gastrovascular marine cnidarians (phylum Cnidaria) existing as small sea anemone-like polyps, typically forming colonies of many individuals. The group includes the important reef builders known as hermatypic corals, found in tropical oceans, and belonging to the subclass Zoantharia of order Scleractinia (formerly Madreporaria). The latter are also known as stony corals in as much as the living tissue thinly covers a skeleton composed of calcium carbonate. A coral "head" is formed of many individual polyps, each polyp only a few millimeters in diameter. The colony of polyps function essentially as a single organism by sharing nutrients via a well developed gastrovascular network, and the polyps are clones, each having the same genetic structure. Each polyp generation grows on the skeletal remains of previous generations, forming a structure that has a shape characteristic of the species, but subject to environmental influences.\n\nAlthough sea anemones can catch fish and other prey items and corals can catch plankton, they obtain much of their nutrient requirement from symbiotic unicellular dinoflagellates (type of algae) called zooxanthellae. Consequently, they are dependent upon growing in sunlight and for that reason usually found not far beneath the surface, although in clear waters corals can grow at depths of 60 m (200 ft). Other corals, notably the cold-water genus Lophelia, do not have associated algae, and can live in much deeper water, with recent finds as deep as 3000 m. Corals breed by spawning, with many corals of the same species in a region releasing gametes simultaneously over a period of one to several nights around a full moon.\n\nCorals are major contributors to the physical structure of coral reefs that develop only in tropical and subtropical waters. Some corals exist in cold waters, such as off the coast of Norway (north to at least 69° 14.24' N) and the Darwin Mounds off western Scotland. The most extensive development of extant coral reef is the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Queensland, Australia. Indonesia is home to 581 of the world's 793 known coral reef-building coral species.\n\n\n\nHydra is a genus of simple, fresh-water animals possessing radial symmetry. Hydras are predatory animals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria and the class Hydrozoa.\n\nHydras are low power microscopical life forms and are often studied by biologists due to their regenerative powers. They can be found in most un-polluted freshwater ponds, lakes and streams in the temperate and tropical regions by gently sweeping a collecting net through weedy areas.
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Here are two papers written by Nerlie Abram, and one by Nerlie and a group of scientists, all  cover the threat to coral reefs posed by red tide and the theories on how wildfires contribute to the growth of red tide.\n\nNerlie Abram\n\nPhD student (final year) Research School of Earth Sciences,\n\n : THE NEW THREAT TO CORAL REEFS \n\nSmoke from fires raging through tropical forests near coastal reefs can cause an algal bloom capable of killing virtually all coral and fish for hundreds of kilometres, according to new research by Australian National University scientists.\n\nThis discovery explains the mysterious death of nearly all coral and fish in a 400 kilometre stretch of the Mentawai Islands reef, southwest of Sumatra in Indonesia, in 1997.\n\nIn a paper published in the latest issue of Science, a team of ANU researchers reveal that nutrients in smoke from the 1997 Indonesian wildfires produced a large algae bloom, known as a red tide, that suffocated the reef ecosystem – over a distance equivalent to around a quarter of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.\n\nBy examining the skeletal growth and geochemistry of Porites corals, researchers led by Ms Nerilie Abram, were able to track the environmental factors which led to the red tide. In examining fossilised corals, they found the red tide had been the worst in 7000 years.\n\n“This was an extreme event and almost six years on, the reefs still haven’t recovered,” says Nerilie. “We fear that future fires could further damage the reefs before they can recover.” \n\nThe researchers found that thick smoke from the 1997 Sumatra fires released almost 11,000 tonnes of iron into the atmosphere. The iron acted as a fertiliser, increasing water nutrient levels and providing the extraordinary conditions which led to the red tide algal bloom. The bloom led to reef death by asphyxiation.\n\nCores from rare corals that survived the 1997 red tide showed a clear hiatus in growth at the time of the fires.\n\n“When fires burn they release nutrients and this study has shown that these nutrients can create serious problems for coral reefs.”\n\n“Indonesia’s reefs are the most diverse in the world and are an important source of new corals that help to rejuvenate Australia’s coral reefs.  They are estimated to generate approximately US$4 billion a year in tourism, fishing and employment for Indonesia.” \n\n“Unfortunately they are also among the most threatened reefs in the world and conservation projects are of high-priority.”\n\n"It is expected that this new threat to coral reefs and other coastal ecosystems will increase in the future as global warming and forest clearing lead to more wildfires."\n\nNerilie is presenting her research to the public for the first time thanks to Fresh Science, a national program to bring public attention to the remarkable unsung achievements of young Australian scientists. Nerilie will be speaking to the public and school students about her work on Tuesday 19 and Wednesday 20 August at the Melbourne Museum.\n\n \n\nNerlie Abram\n\nPhD student (final year) Research School of Earth Sciences,\n\nFire: the new threat to coral reefs\nCoral reef death during the 1997 Indian Ocean Dipole linked to Indonesian wildfires \n\nFires represent a new and unexpected threat to coral reefs.  It has been found that the nutrients released by wildfires can produce large algae blooms in the ocean that suffocate fish and coral.  Global warming has seen a recent increase in wildfires and this trend is expected to continue, raising the future risk to coral reefs.\n\nProject description \nCoral reefs, the so-called “rainforests of the sea”, are being threatened by fire.  That is the finding of scientists working at the Australian National University.\n\nOver recent years, global warming has combined with forest clearing to produce some of the worst wildfires in history.  In 1997 the wildfires in Indonesia burnt out of control for over five months, bl
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Reef Sharks, Tiger Sharks, Nurse Sharks, Bull Sharks, Great White Sharks, just to name a few.
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Well, the American bison (Bison bison) is listed as being at Least Risk by the IUCN (the World Conservation Union).  While being virtually extirpated from the United States, there are large and thriving populations in Canada.  Enough so that my local grocery store regularily carries Bison steaks.  Mmmmm... yummy.\n\nThe European bison or wisent (Bison bonasus) is listed as Endangered.  The species was down to less than 20 captive individuals back in the 1920s.  There are programs currently underway to establish refuges for the wisent in Poland, Ukraine, Russia and Belorussia, and there are now as many as 250 animals in the wild.  However genetic diversity issues mean that they are in serious trouble.\n\nMost seals are listed as Least Risk or Vulnerable by the IUCN, however there are some that are Endangered or Critically Endangered.\n\nOne of the most Critically Endangered is the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), which is threatened by habitat loss and degradation, invasive parasites and pathogens such as toxic algae, ongoing harvesting and hunting, accidental mortality and their own restricted range.  \n\nThe French government twice initiated captive breeding projects, but both times shut down the projects over protests from the international monk seal scientific and conservation communities.  \n\nMany countries have introduced laws protecting the Mediterranean monk seal, but implementation has been less than rigorous.  There are so many countries around the Mediterranean that would all need to agree on conservation measures that it may be too late for this species.\n\nThe related Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) is also Endangered, and the Caribbean monk seal (Monachus tropicalis) is already considered Extinct.\n\nThe Japanese sea lion (Zalophus japonicus) is also considered Extinct, last seen in 1951.\n\nThe walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) is one of the species listed in the IUCN Redlist as being at Least Risk.  There are healthy populations in many northern nations.  Unless something totally unthinkable happens, like global temperatures rising and melting all the Arctic sea ice, then they will probably remain relatively safe.  But that could never happen, right?\n\nIn the grand scheme of things, the extinction of these species probably doesn't mean an awful lot to humans directly.  Most people have probably never heard of a wisent, and probably never knew there was such as thing as a Caribbean monk seal.  However, they are indicators of a disturbing trend of extinctions, and near extinctions, mostly caused by humans.\n\nThose species directly hunted to extinction by man are easy enough to explain, and do not speak well of our ability to work and play nice with others, but it is the species which are indirectly affected by mankind, through habitat loss, pollution, introduced diseases and other factors that should sound a resounding wake-up call to humanity in general.  If we are making the planet uninhabitable for other species, maybe it isn't gonna be so nice for us if we keep it up, eh?\n\nThere is also the possibility that species that we think will have no effect on us if they go extinct are actually vital links in the ecosystem, and will have major impacts when they are gone.  The classic example is the sea otter (Enhydra lutra).  A cute, fuzzy little sea mammal that eats sea urchins and abalones.  It also has thick fur that was very valuable to fur traders.  However, once the little fuzzy sea otters were gone, the sea urchins boomed in population and started eating all the kelp.  Those kelp forests were important habitat for many fish species, and suddenly the fishing industry started hurting.  The sea otter turned out to be very important for the economic needs of a great many fishermen.\n\nIt's easy to become blase about 'oh well, it's just some dumb critter I've never heard of, so why should I care if it goes extinct?  most of the species that have ever existed have gone ext
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fish\nreptiles\namphibians\nbirds\nmammals\nmarsupials
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Both of them are important.They have various habitats,ecosystem etc but that doesnt mean one is more important than the other.Extinction of a single species can lead to imbalance in the food chain and other species may start dying as a result.\n\nSo every living creature is important in the ecosystem.
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Covering the reefs would kill them\nthey need lots of fresh water and sunlight
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Here's a link for the native species of Hawaii:\n\nhttp://www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/native_species.html
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North American Pika (i got this from yahoo news its not listed its just showing signs of being endangered)\nPanda\nHumpback Whale\nRight Whale\nSperm Whale\nBlue Whale\nFinback Whale\nBowhead Whale\nMink Whale\nBald Eagle\nGrizzly Bear\nBlack Bear\n\nsee the sites i place in "sources" for more
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There are lots.  I can't name any specific ones right now.\nOne group in general that is facing decline are frogs.  Many of the worlds frogs are going extinct, as frogs are very sensitive to changes in their environment.\n\nhttp://www.globalamphibians.org/
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Crocodiles or Alligators are the obvious answers... don't forget the Komodo Dragon either, they're a bit on the old side too!
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Coral reef degradation\n\nhttp://www.sidsnet.org/pacific/usp/marine/Gcrmn/GCRMN/Node2000.htm
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Most sea turtles, including large species hunted for food (adults and eggs), and the carey turtle, captured and often killed for its horny plates.\nAlso many terrestrial tortoises, because they're caught in the wild and sold as pets (which mostly die without ever breeding). Include the giant Galapagos and Aldabra tortoises.\nFreshwater turtles are doing better; however, there are some endangered species too.
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The Galapagos Archipelago was affected by the El Niño phenomenon between June 1997 and June 1998. The ongoing compilation of scientific results is showing a wide range of both negative effects and positive impacts that the increased rainfall and warmer water temperatures had on Galapagos flora and fauna. \n\nDuring the phenomenon most of the marine species populations decreased significantly. Terrestrial flora and fauna was flourishing with the plentiful rainfall, with abundant vegetation and food for land birds and reptiles. Now, the marine species are showing signs of recovery thanks to the return of nutrient-rich cold waters. \n\nSome species of algae were drastically decreased during the phenomenon (e.g. the green algae (Ulva lactuca) which serves as food for marine iguanas and crabs). The brown algae (Hincksia mitchellae) increased considerably and might have been one of the causes of death among marine iguanas. Due to the lack of green algae, marine iguanas were feeding on these brown algae instead, which is unfortunately toxic to them. On North Seymour there may have been a loss of 90% of the marine iguanas. The green algae are now coming back, and so are the iguanas. \n\nThe sealions suffered badly from the El Niño phenomenon. 90% of the pups born in 1997 and 67% of the dominant males died from starvation. Their basic food is sardines, which were absent during the phenomenon. The sea lion colonies are slowly increasing now.\n\nThe coral live in symbiosis with an alga that disappeared during the phenomenon. The coral is still alive, but as a consequence 70-80% were bleached. This process is reversible, and since the algae are reappearing, they are pigmenting the corals.\n\nThe Galapagos penguins were severely affected by the phenomenon. The population was decreased by 65% because of the lack of food. The penguins stopped mating, which can be explained by the fact that they don't nest when the water temperature is higher than 23oC. The situation became worse as rats ate the penguin eggs and chicks. The need of a rat eradication program is urgent!\n\nCormorants were not affected by the phenomenon, but other seabirds were, notably the boobies. Unsuccessful breeding was their biggest problem, caused by the nests being filled with rainwater and stressed adults having to go further to seek food. The seabirds are nesting and breeding again and some species already have chicks. Land birds, like Darwin's finches, the Galapago dove, owls and hawks have all been flourishing during the phenomenon due to the abundance of food. \n\nSharks and a lot of fish disappeared from their normal ranges and were found at unusual depths, probably due to the higher water temperatures in their usual habitat. Now, the animals are coming back to their normal range again. Both hammerhead and Galapagos white-tipped sharks are easy to find while diving. \n\nOne of the biggest concerns during an El Niño phenomenon is the establishment and dispersal of exotic species. Conditions are perfect for many of the introduced species and thrive in the wet conditions that provide an abundance of food. New species have been reported, and an increase in rat and mouse populations as well. This could cause a permanent ecological change in the Galapagos Archipelago.\n\nIn conclusion, we can say that the species affected during El Niño 1997-98 are now returning to their normal populations and behavior patterns. Exactly how long it will take is impossible to determine. However, it is still possible to see and experience many of these incredible species when you come to visit the Galapagos!
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http://www.highbeam.com/Search.aspx?q=Where+can+I+find+some+yearly+statistical+data+on+an+endangered+species%3f\n\nhttp://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83667125.html\n\nwebsites that might help.
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Sandhill crane comes to mind...it lives in temperate wetlands.  Several species of amphibians are endangered and make use of wetlands.  Not sure if alligators or crocs are still on the endangered species list...been awhile since I checked.\n\nYou really should specify which wetlands you mean...there are different kinds...marshes, swamps...and they can be in the tropics or temperate zones.