what are function(s) of proto-oncogenes normal life?why we find it if they haven't function in our life?
539312
Proto-oncogenes are genes that are involved in normal cell developpement. We all have those genes in our cells and they are crucial for our survival. There are 5 classes of oncogenes. The genes that regulate the cell cycle, genes that code for transcription factors, second messengers, growth factors and cell surface receptors. The mutation of any of these "proto-oncogenes" turns on the "oncogene".\n\nThe problem is that when they get mutated, their normal function is affected and they cannot continue protecting the cell integrity/function. Without them, we would die anyway.\n\nDon't forget that cancer developpement is a multi-step process that is extremely complicated. It's not just one gene being mutated... it's a serie of events that lead to cell survival (blocking of cell apoptosis) and chaotic developpement.
338436
Cancer is uncontrolled cell growth.  Normally the cells in your body grow and divide along a fixed schedule, just enough to replace those that have died.  Sometimes, though, mutations occur within the cell in the pathway that controls growth.  These cells then begin growing and dividing without anything to keep them in check.  This is harmful because is destroys healthy tissue in the surrounding area and wastes valuable resources.
147695
well to be scientifically correct (i think but hey im 16 so what do i know) i think all of us have "cancer" cells when we are concieved, but i think it takes somethin to activate them, so really, technically speaking (refer to comment above) i think its when u are born..? but i know thats not what u asked so lets see, i knew a girl that got breast cancer (at least she found out about it) 2 months after she graduated from high school
56266
Cancer is a disease that happens when normal cells anywhere in the human body goes out of control and multiply and mutate, causing the suffer much pain  and suffering. Everyone is  potentially prone to cancer, some more than others. No one is totally immune.
792638
partially correct  but just because cancer was not recognized \nis not to say it wasn't in existence carcinogens have been around for much longer and genetic disposition is very new as well ..... plus viral causes for some cancers have been qualified
991339
p53, also known as tumor protein 53 (TP53), is a transcription factor that regulates the cell cycle and hence functions as a tumor suppressor. It is very important for cells in multicellular organisms to suppress cancer. TP53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome", referring to its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation [6]. The name is due to its molecular mass: it runs as a 53 kilodalton (kDa) protein on SDS-Pp53, also known as tumor protein 53 (TP53), is a transcription factor that regulates the cell cycle and hence functions as a tumor suppressor. It is very important for cells in multicellular organisms to suppress cancer. TP53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome", referring to its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation [6]. The name is due to its molecular mass: it runs as a 53 kilodalton (kDa) protein on SDS-P
11731
To quote The Source of all knowledge - wikipedia - Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue (invasion) or by migration of cells to distant sites (metastasis). This unregulated growth is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to vital genes that control cell division, among other functions. One or more of these mutations, which can be inherited or acquired, can lead to uncontrolled cell division and tumor formation. Tumor ("swelling" in Latin) refers to any abnormal mass of tissue, but may be either malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous). Only malignant tumors are capable of invading other tissues or metastasizing.
1066338
Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. Metastasis is defined as the stage in which cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Cancer may affect people at all ages, but risk increases with age. It is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries.\n\nThere are many types of cancer. Severity of symptoms depends on the site and character of the malignancy and whether there is metastasis. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. This tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for the type of cancer pathology. Drugs that target specific cancers already exist for several cancers. If untreated, cancers may eventually cause illness and death, though this is not always the case.\n\nfor more info. about cancer click the link below:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer\nyou will get all the information you need about cancer in the link.
860647
Prokaryotic cells do not have the same lifespans as eukaryotic cells. This is because they do not carry out the same metabolic functions as eukaryotic cells.
903043
Oncogenes are mutated genes that contribute to cancer development by disrupting a cell’s ability to control its own growth and DNA repair mechanisms2,5. Normally mitosis (cell division) is a carefully regulated event, requiring the activation of one protein to activate another, in what is known as a signal transduction cascade. This cascade eventually culminates in changes in gene expression that prepares the cell for mitotic events.\n\nOncogenes are mutated forms of proto-oncogenes; these genes are often involved in growth signalling and anti-apoptotic pathways. When proto-oncogenes mutate to become oncogenes they retain their functionality, but are no longer capable of responding to normal regulatory signals (see Figure 1).
261427
Cancer is developed. You can't catch it. \n\nthe definition of cancer is: any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream \n___________________________________________________________\n\nThere are over 200 different types of cancer, and there are over 60 different organs in the body where you can get a cancer. \n\nSome you can prevent (skin cancer for example) some you can't prevent (lung cancer for example, even if you don't smoke, you can still get it). \n\nEvasive surgery and radiation can help cure some cancers but not all are treatable. \n\nBecause there are so many types, I can't just give you a link to read up on it.
1083036
depends on the type of c.a. I've met , and served, many people with cancer. Thier children live more careful, don't injest poisons- tobacco, alcohol etc. , they watch what chemicals they are exposed to closer , they exercise more faithfully, eat better,love with more gusto, and usually Pray harder after experiencing a death or near death from cancer.. Genetics is only a small part it. How you live makes more difference-- but do not be decieved, it can sneak in so many ways that medicine does not have a clue, really, how to prevent cancer. Sometimes it seems like predestination, no known cause, no familial history, no known exposure to hi risk factors, then boom; your dead... flip the coin
681303
In addition to the above individuals with cancer may have cells with a different DNA sequence due to deletions, mutations, and additions.  \n\nThere is also a possibility that an individual can have mossaicism causing different cells in the body to have a different DNA sequence.  Mossaicism occurs when two embryos merge to form one in the uterus.  In most cases a majority of the cells will have one DNA a sequence, but some tissues will have a different sequence from the embryo that was 'absorbed.'
30588
Actually, mutation is normal in every being.\n\nThe genetic code is "divided" (not physically) into TRIPLETS of nitrogened bases. Each triplet codifies for one AMINOACID, which will later form proteins.\n\nNow, the thing is that the same aminoacid can be codified by three or four DIFFERENT triplets. For instance, the aminoacid tryptophan can be codified from the triplets ACU, ACC, ACA and ACG.\n\nAs you may see in that case, the only nitrogen base that changes is the last one (U,C,A,G), but the result of the codification is the same: the aminoacid tryptophan.\n\nSo, in that case, if a mutation occurs in the last nitrogen base, it doesn't really affect anything at all, since tryptophan will still be produced.\n\nThat's what's called a SILENT MUTATION. It has no effect at all in an individual.\n\nThe real problem with mutations start when the first or second nitrogened base of the triplet is mutated. There, the aminoacid that is produced is different that the one is supposed to be produced.\n\nBut even then, if the aminoacid changes the protein (made up from hundreds of aminoacids) might still be the same, without having any effect on the individual.\n\nTo sum up: mutations happen everyday to everyone. The large majority of them has no effect on the general aspect of individuals, and some of them only have minor effects (for example, a mole is the product of a mutation!!!).\n\nWhen they are serious, though, it can lead to any kind of problems, such as cancer and others.\n\nHope it clarified!
310214
That's a rather broad question...  You would probably have to specify it a little more to get the answer you are looking for.  But that said, there are numerous reasons as to why animal cells may develop an "abnormal" morphology.  Basically, there are perhaps two categories that can roughly be differentiated, even though - again - you have to be careful there.  One would be genetic reasons, another would be environmental reasons.  Genetic causes could be numerous as well, but take certain cancers for example, that have a genetic predisposition.  Certain environmental toxins can likewise lead to malformation of cells.  Please note that I was talking of a genetic "predisposition".  Often in case of cancer ebnvironmental and genetic effects are both responsible for the adverse effects observed.  So, the two categories are not ontological absolutes.  \n\nPerhaps what would help you to envision the problem is the basics.  First, cells divide mitotically in unicellular organisms.  consequently, a central question would be the default state of the cell.  There are three possibilities: (a) quiescence (i.e., the cell does not divide and needs an initiation of the mitotic process), (b) proliferation (i.e., cells default state is division and it needs particular factors to asure quiesence as needed in many multicellular organs), and (c) neither, since cell division is contextual.  The most common assumption in biology (and cancer biology, for that matter) is (a).  (b) has been suggested by  Carlos Sonnenschein and Ana Soto ("The Society of Cells. Cancer and Control of Cell Proliferation." New York: Springer, 1999).  Personally, I tend towards (c).  \n\nSecond, cells that proliferate during organogenesis have to further differentiate into the morphology and functionality they are to have in a specific organ.  \n\nThird, certain organs have cells that proliferate, whereas other organs don't.  Consequently, once everything goes well intially in organs of the second type, malformation may not occur as easily.  However, that said there are of course cancers of organs that normally do not have proliferating cells.  \n\nThese three basics may help you to ask your question a little more specifically and then seek out the literature that could give you answers accordingly.\n\nFinally, just remember that what is considered normal in science is the mean of a population.  But what determines this mean is often unclear.  I am thinking here for example of norms of reaction where cells may be shaped quite differently in response to environmental factors, and yet function wonderfully - in fact just exactly as they should given the particular environment.  Now, what is "deformed" would have to be probably understood functionally (i.e., a morphology associated with a functional break down).  And it seems to me that this is what you are looking for anyway.\n\nHope this helps.
696291
Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells.  A growth of cells is called a tumor.  A cancerous tumor is called a malignant one.  Malignant cells spread all over the body weakening our organs causing them to shut down.  People die as a result of this.
791546
Basically this is what I learned...the body can creat abnromal mutations. A mutation being defined as something not supposed to be there....These get passed on through procreation and thus we have them.