What is a population of organisms that is peproductively isolated from other populations called?
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Species. In a strict technical sense all would classify as "reproductively isolated" (since, for example, a mammal cannot mate with a reptile- mammals and reptiles belong to separate classes.) But when we say "species" we are really saying reproductively isolated populations.\n\nThere are various definitions of "species", some that require complete biological reproductive isolation while others that require simply that the populations do not have the opportunity to normally reproduce (perhaps because they are isolated on separate islands and can't get to one another).  For example, the wolf and coyote can interbreed and have viable (living) offspring, but they are still separate species because populations of wolves and coyotes do not normally interbreed (in a funny way you might even say that maybe they don't "like" each other).  In the wolf/coyote case, the two are able to reproduce from a biological standpoint, but they still don't reproduce for whatever reason, and therefore they are still reproductively isolated.\n\nIf you would like to learn more about how "species" are defined, take a look at the following informative link:\n\nhttp://research.amnh.org/ornithology/crossbills/species.html
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Sure there are. There are many as-yet undiscovered species within out own world. Remember also, that we are but one of thousands of "species" living on the earth. While not provable at this point, given the vastness of our universe, it is likely that there are other forms of life elsewhere. I'd not imagine "little green men" as much as simple-cellular forms.
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Asexual reproduction  as opposed to the sexual reproduction you and I know..  Usually happens in bacteria through a process known as binary fission.
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Segregate two populations of creatures into separate environments, and see if evolutionary differences between the two populations occur over many generations. That's the sort of experiment the bible thumpers would have to twist logic into a pretzel in order to refute.
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Evolutionary biologists have written extensively about how natural selection could produce new species. For instance, in the model called allopatry, developed by Ernst Mayr of Harvard University, if a population of organisms were isolated from the rest of its species by geographical boundaries, it might be subjected to different selective pressures. Changes would accumulate in the isolated population. If those changes became so significant that the splinter group could not or routinely would not breed with the original stock, then the splinter group would be reproductively isolated and on its way toward becoming a new species. Natural selection is the best studied of the evolutionary mechanisms, but biologists are open to other possibilities as well. Biologists are constantly assessing the potential of unusual genetic mechanisms for causing speciation or for producing complex features in organisms. Lynn Margulis of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and others have persuasively argued that some cellular organelles, such as the energy-generating mitochondria, evolved through the symbiotic merger of ancient organisms. Thus, science welcomes the possibility of evolution resulting from forces beyond natural selection. Yet those forces must be natural; they cannot be attributed to the actions of mysterious creative intelligences whose existence, in scientific terms, is unproved.\n\nSpeciation is probably fairly rare and in many cases might take centuries. Furthermore, recognizing a new species during a formative stage can be difficult, because biologists sometimes disagree about how best to define a species. The most widely used definition, Mayr’s Biological Species Concept, recognizes a species as a distinct community of reproductively isolated populations—sets of organisms that normally do not or cannot breed outside their community. In practice, this standard can be difficult to apply to organisms isolated by distance or terrain or to plants (and, of course, fossils do not breed). Biologists therefore usually use organisms’ physical and behavioral traits as clues to their species membership. Nevertheless, the scientific literature does contain reports of apparent speciation events in plants, insects and worms. In most of these experiments, researchers subjected organisms to various types of selection—for anatomical differences, mating behaviors, habitat preferences and other traits—and found that they had created populations of organisms that did not breed with outsiders. For example, William R. Rice of the University of New Mexico and George W. Salt of the University of California at Davis demonstrated that if they sorted a group of fruit flies by their preference for certain environments and bred those flies separately over 35 generations, the resulting flies would refuse to breed with those from a very different environment. \n\nSome Creationists say that evolutionists cannot point to any transitional fossils—creatures that are half reptile and half bird, for instance. Actually, paleontologists know of many detailed examples of fossils intermediate in form between various taxonomic groups. One of the most famous fossils of all time is Archaeopteryx, which combines feathers and skeletal structures peculiar to birds with features of dinosaurs. A flock’s worth of other feathered fossil species, some more avian and some less, has also been found. A sequence of fossils spans the evolution of modern horses from the tiny Eohippus. Whales had four-legged ancestors that walked on land, and creatures known as Ambulocetus and Rodhocetus helped to make that transition [see “The Mammals That Conquered the Seas,” by Kate Wong; Scientific American, May]. Fossil seashells trace the evolution of various mollusks through millions of years. Perhaps 20 or more hominids (not all of them our ancestors) fill the gap between Lucy the australopithecine and modern humans. Creationists, though, dismiss these fossil studies. Th
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Asexual reproduction\n\n\nAsexual reproduction is the biological process by which an organism creates a genetically-similar or identical copy of itself without a contribution of genetic material from another individual. Bacteria divide asexually via binary fission; viruses take control of host cells to produce more viruses; Hydras (invertebrates of the order Hydroidea) and yeasts are able to reproduce by budding. These organisms do not have different sexes, and they are capable of "splitting" themselves into two or more individuals. Some 'asexual' species, like hydra and jellyfish, may also reproduce sexually. For instance, most plants are capable of vegetative reproduction—reproduction without seeds or spores—but can as well reproduce sexually. Likewise, bacteria may exchange genetic information by conjugation. Other ways of asexual reproduction include fragmentation and spore formation that involves only mitosis.\n\n\nSexual reproduction\n\nSexual reproduction is a biological process by which organisms create descendants that have a combination of genetic material contributed from two (usually) different members of the species. Each of two parent organisms contributes half of the offspring's genetic makeup by creating haploid gametes. Most organisms form two different types of gametes. In these anisogamous species, the two sexes are referred to as male (producing sperm or microspores) and female (producing ova or megaspores). In isogamous species the gametes are similar or identical in form, but may have separable properties and then may be given other different names. For example, in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, there are so-called "plus" and "minus" gametes. A few types of organisms, such as ciliates, have more than two kinds of gametes.\n\nHumans, most animals, and plants reproduce sexually. Sexually-reproducing organisms have two sets of genes for every trait (called alleles). Offspring inherit one allele for each trait from each parent, thereby ensuring that offspring have a combination of the parents' genes. Having two copies of every gene, only one of which is expressed, allows deleterious alleles to be masked, an advantage believed to have led to the evolutionary development of diploidy (Otto and Goldstein).
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bacteria, viruses, cyanobacteria or fungi?  or do you mean specific examples
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amoeba\nand i think cynobacteria \neuglena might be not, but im not sure
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Conjugation \nModern bacteria reproduce by splitting in two - that is, they have asexual reproduction. But a bacteria can join temporarily with another bacteria to swap genetic fragments. This conjugation process is why so many bacteria have recently become antibiotic resistant. The process permits bacteria to form a sort of community.\n\nBiological reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction by an antecedent. The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types: sexual and asexual reproduction.\n\n\nso by this v can see that asexual reproduction is conjugation
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geographical (spatial) isolation, \nisolation of the biotope, i.e. the organisms live in the same area, but have different needs regarding the biotop, \nisolation by season or daytime, i.e. the opening of flowers is staggered depending on season or daytime, \nethological isolation, i.e. the species to be pollinated are visited by different pollinators, \nmechanical isolation, i.e. a genetically reproductive isolation within a species is diminished or prevented by differences in the flowers’ shape, \nisolation by sterility..
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Producers. Organisms, such as plants, that produce their own food are called autotrophs. The autotrophs, as mentioned before, convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are called producers because all of the species of the ecosystem depend oConsumers. All the organisms that can not make their own food (and need producers) are called heterotrophs. In an ecosystem heterotrophs are called consumers because they depend on others. They obtain food by eating other organisms. There are different levels of consumers. Those that feed directly from producers, i.e. organisms that eat plant or plant products are called primary consumers. In the figure above the grasshopper is a primary consumern them                                                                          Organisms that feed on primary consumers are called secondary consumers. Those who feed on secondary consumers are tertiary consumers. In the figure above the snake acts as a secondary consumer and the hawk as a tertiary consumer. Some organisms, like the squirrel are at different levels. When the squirrel eats acorns or fruits (which are plant product), it is a primary consumer; however, when it eats insects or nestling birds, is it is a tertiary consumer.\nConsumers are also classified depending on what they eat\nHerbivores are those that eat only plants or plant products. Example are grasshoppers, mice, rabbits, deer, beavers, moose, cows, sheep, goats and groundhogs.\nCarnivores, on the other hand, are those that eat only other animals. Examples of carnivores are foxes, frogs, snakes, hawks, and spiders.\nOmnivores are the last type and eat both plants (acting a primary consumers) and meat (acting as secondary or tertiary consumers). Examples of omnivores are:\nBears --They eat insects, fish, moose, elk, deer, sheep as well as honey, grass, and sedges. Turtles -- They eat snails, crayfish, crickets, earthworms, but also lettuce, small plants, and algae. Monkeys -- They eat frogs and lizards as well as fruits, flowers, and leaves. Squirrels -- They eat insects, moths, bird eggs and nestling birds and also seeds, fruits, acorns, and nuts
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there are good ones and bad ones\n\n\n\nProtists (IPA: [prəʊˌtɪst]) are a heterogeneous group of living things, comprising those eukaryotes that are neither animals, plants, nor fungi. They are usually treated as the kingdom Protista or Protoctista. The protists are a paraphyletic grade, rather than a natural (monophyletic) group, and do not have much in common besides a relatively simple organization (unicellular, or multicellular without highly specialized tissues). Some call it the "left-overs" kingdom. If an organism is eukaryotic, but does not fit in the plants, animals or fungi - then it is a protist.\n\nProtists were traditionally (for the last 150 years) subdivided into several groups based on similarities to the higher kingdoms: the animal-like protozoa and the plant-like algae and the fungi-like slime molds . These traditional groups often overlapped. A new working model for the taxonomy of the eukaryotic organisms has recently been codified by a collaborative team.(see references below.) In it the evolutionary relationships among the eukaryotes is given priority rather than method of obtaining energy or structural characteristics.\n\nThe protozoa are mostly single-celled, motile, and feed by phagocytosis, though there are numerous exceptions. They are usually only 0.01-0.5 mm in size, generally too small to be seen without a microscope. They are ubiquitous throughout aqueous environments and the soil, commonly surviving dry periods as cysts or spores, and include several important parasites. Based on locomotion, protozoa are grouped into:\n\nFlagellates with long flagella e.g., Euglena \nAmoeboids with transient pseudopodia e.g., Amoeba \nCiliates with multiple, short cilia e.g., Paramecium \nSporozoa non-motile parasites; form spores e.g., Plasmodium \n\nAlgae\nThe algae gather light energy through photosynthesis. They include many single-celled creatures that are also considered protozoa, such as Euglena and Paramecium bursaria, which have acquired chloroplasts through secondary endosymbiosis. Others are non-motile, and some are truly multicellular, including some members of the following groups:\n\nChlorophytes green algae, related to higher plants e.g., Ulva \nRhodophytes red algae e.g., Porphyra \nHeterokontophytes brown algae, diatoms, etc. e.g., Macrocystis \n\nThe green and red algae, along with a small group called the glaucophytes, appear to be close relatives of other plants, and so some authors treat them as Plantae despite their simple organization. Most other types of algae, however, developed separately. They include the haptophytes, cryptomonads, dinoflagellates, euglenids, and chlorarachniophytes, all of which have also been considered protozoans.\n\nFungus-like protists\nVarious organisms originally considered fungi were later moved to the Protista. These include the Chytridiomycetes, slime moulds, water moulds, and Labyrinthulomycetes. The chytrids are now known to be related to the other Fungi, and are usually classified with them; the others are now placed among the Amoebozoa and heterokonts.\n\nThe classification of protists is still changing. Newer classification criteria attempt to present monophyletic groups based on ultrastructure, biochemistry, and genetics. Because the protists are paraphyletic, such systems often split up or abandon the Kingdom. A partial picture is given by the list of phyla at right; other groups are listed under the traditional categories, linked to above. For more discussion of modern relationships, see eukaryote or articles referenced below
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Plant tissue cultures isolated from even a single cell can show variation after repeated subculture. Distinct lines can be selected with their own particular morphology and physiology. It suggests that the tissue culture contains a population of genotypes whose proportion can be altered by imposing an appropriate selection pressure. This variation can be transmitted to plants regenerated from the tissue cultures, and is called somaclonal variation. It provides an additional source of novel variation for exploitation by plant breeders.
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Algae and higher plants are called eukaryotic.  They tend to have two different types of genetic material, one located in the nucleus and a different type located in the cell’s mitochondrion.  Bacteria, on the other hand, are called prokaryotic.  They only contain one type of genetic material.  Some bacteria’s genetic material resembles that found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.  Some bacteria DNA or RNA more closely resembles that of mitochondrion.\nProper cleavage of the genetic material, followed by TLC or possibly paper chromatography, could show the similarities or differences.  This could be used to infer (not prove) any evolutionary relationships.
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Cloning is a method of development of an new organisms with a single parental cells as it contain the same number of genome. It is type of asexual reproduction by means of which the offspring is produced as an identical copies of the parents because here only one parent either male or female is involved out . According to modern technology it may be called as tissue culture mechanisms.
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These might help-\nhttp://www.itools.com/research/\nhttp://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/2900_Species.htm\nhttp://www.biocourse.com/mhhe/bcc/domains/olc_toc.xsp
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All organisms have symbiotic relationships. \n\nIn the case of sea horses the most obvious example are the bacteria that live in the gut. Without them the fish becomes much so prone to infection thatit can not survive. And of course the bacteria find the food provided essential to their survival.