Who assigns the administrative distance of routing protocols?
553861
the administrative distance of a protocol?\ndo you mean "who controls who uses routing protocols and who uses them"?\num, well.... lets see.. um.. noone and everyone.\nit's "controlled" (researched and invented) by companies such as cisco.\nno one controls it. it's basically, follow the protocols (hence the use of "protocol") or dont use the internet.
262180
Take note of it from any connection to your machine. Trace route it (trcroute) or some other more useful tools which im not gonna say. Best approach is take a guess from the route info on the geographical location (very often the ip names of switches etc show city name codes) follow that down to a 50 miles radius max for a worst case, (microwave links, hardlines etc can make isp kit cover more land than youd think, especially behind proxies) or sometimes a few city blocks with dense usage. No isps i ever heard of distribute maps of hardware at street level, so some detective work is involved so you can use your smarts if you have other clues (example a photo with landmarks) and narrow it right down. Way down. And i mean google earth a pic of the top of their house down. =) The internet is by no means anonymous whatsoever.
759255
Its not very clear.\nHow about "some percentage of the time specifically dedicated to ad hoc activities in the annual program should be allocated to this ad hoc request."  . or\n"some percentage of the total man hours specifically dedicated to ad hoc activities in the annual program should be allocated to this ad hoc request.\nNow explain how you are going to figure out that percentage.\nAlso since it is an ad hoc request, isn't it kind of obvious that that time would be coming from ad hoc? I mean where else is it going to come from?
62187
well the IP addresses are managed by ICANN, making sure there are no duplicate IP addresses, but the addresses that we use on our pc is assigned by our ISPs or the company's system administrator.\n\nthe lowest IP address is 0.0.0.0 and the highest is 255.255.255.255. there are several classes concerning IP address, there's class a which ranges from 1.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255, class b from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255, class c from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255, class d, which is used for multicasting, is from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 and the last is class e, which reserved for future usage, is from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.\n\nthe IP address 0.0.0.0 is used by hosts when they are being booted. IP adresses with 0 as network number refer to the current network,  for example, a company has a network number of 127.1.0.0, and i have a computer with an IP address of 127.1.1.1 that means that my computer is under the network of that company. an address consisting of all 1s are used for broadcasting on a local network, and addresses that starts with 127.xx.yy.zz are used for loopback settings, packets sent to that address are not sent out and is treated as incoming packets.\n\nbasically it is hard to make up your own IP address coz you might be having a duplicate address and the packets the you should be receiving might be received by another computer
221942
That's not a set number.\nIt depends on how powerful thier server is, how much traffic thier transfer cables can handle.\nStuff like that.
239890
IPv4 - 4,294,967,295 (4.3 billion) possible unique addresses\nIPv6 - 3.4X10^38 (18 quintillion) possible unique addresses
613504
The path data travels varies according to where the data is coming from, of course, but it should travel along the shortest route. If you're accessing a site that's hosted on a server in Egypt, it's not going to go all the way to the U.S. and back to get to you. It may be routed along a slightly longer route if there's something wrong with the lines in the area, or if you're using a proxy server (in which case it will go to the proxy first, wherever it's located, then to you). And the internet as a whole is decentralized.  It's composed of computers and service providers from all over the world, there's no common place all the data travels through. It doesn't get any more decentralized than that.
21007
Split horizon is a method of preventing a routing loop in a network. The basic principle is simple: Information about the routing for a particular packet is never sent back in the direction from which it was received.\n\nSplit horizon can be achieved by means of a technique called poison reverse. This is the equivalent of route poisoning all possible reverse paths - that is, informing all routers that the path back to the originating node for a particular packet has an infinite metric. Split horizon with poison reverse is more effective than simple split horizon in networks with multiple routing paths, although it affords no improvement over simple split horizon in networks with only one routing path. \n\nRIP for IP, like most distance vector routing protocols, announces its routes in an unsynchronized and unacknowledged manner. This can lead to convergence problems. However, you can enable modifications to the announcement algorithms to reduce convergence time in most situations.\n\nCount-to-Infinity Problem\nThe classic distance vector convergence problem is known as the count-to-infinity problem and is a direct result of the asynchronous announcement scheme. When RIP for IP routers add routes to their routing table, based on routes advertised by other routers, they keep only the best route in the routing table and they update a lower cost route with a higher cost route only if is being announced by the same source as the current lower cost route. In certain situations, as illustrated in Figures 3.1 through 3.5, this causes the count-to-infinity problem.\n\nAssume that the internetwork in Figure 3.1 has converged. For simplicity, assume that the announcements sent by Router 1 on Network 1 and Router 2 on Network 3 are not included.\n\n \nFigure 3.1 Converged Internetwork\n\nNow assume that the link from Router 2 to Network 3 fails and is sensed by Router 2. As shown in Figure 3.2, Router 2 changes the hop count for the route to Network 3 to indicate that it is unreachable, an infinite distance away. For RIP for IP, infinity is 16.\n\n \nFigure 3.2 Link to Network 3 Fails\n\nHowever, before Router 2 can advertise the new hop count to Network 3 in a scheduled announcement, it receives an announcement from Router 1. The Router 1 announcement contains a route to Network 3 which is two hops away. Because two hops away is a better route than 16 hops, Router 2 updates its routing table entry for Network 3, changing it from 16 hops to three hops, as shown in Figure 3.3.\n\n \nFigure 3.3 Router 2 After Receiving Announcement From Router 1\n\nWhen Router 2 announces its new routes, Router 1 notes that Network 3 is available three hops away through Router 2. Because the route to Network 3 on Router 1 was originally learned from Router 2, Router 1 updates its route to Network 3 to four hops. (See Figure 3.4.)\n\n \nFigure 3.4 Router 1 After Receiving Announcement From Router 2\n\nWhen Router 1 announces its new routes, Router 2 notes that Network 3 is available four hops away through Router 1. Because the route to Network 3 on Router 2 was originally learned from Router 1, Router 2 updates its route to Network 3 to five hops. (See Figure 3.5.)\n\n \nFigure 3.5 Router 2 After Receiving Another Announcement from Router 1\n\nThe two routers continue to announce routes to Network 3 with higher and higher hop counts until infinity (16) is reached. Then, Network 3 is considered unreachable and the route to Network 3 is eventually timed out of the routing table. This is known as the count-to-infinity problem.\n\nThe count-to-infinity problem is one of the reasons why the maximum hop count of RIP for IP internetworks is set to 15 (16 for unreachable). Higher maximum hop count values would make the convergence time longer when count-to-infinity occurs. Also note that during the count-to-infinity in the previous example, the route from Router 1 to Network 3 is through Router 2. The route from Router 2 to Network 3 is through Router 1. A routing l
15405
Well on our ISA server there is a directory called C:&#92;Program Files&#92;Microsoft ISA Server&#92;ISALogs that holds all the traffic it has seen passing through and details IP, Destination url/IP, date/time, type of browser etc etc.\n\nCheers
282597
The first IP in the range is always the "name" of the network. So, All the rest are usable.\n\nThe usable range on the 200.10.10.64 network subnet would be 200.10.10.65 to 200.10.10.79\n\nAdded:\n\nRonin, I wondered about that, But I was thinking that only applied when the host section of the subnet was all binary 1's.  Maybe I was wrong.  I'll look it up again for my own information.
159533
NCP chooses the 1st protocol bound as the preferred protocol it uses.\nTherefore if both IP and IPX are bound, currently without any default value inserted, if IP and IPX are both installed on a server it defaults to use IPX since IPX loads first. The set parameter NCP Protocol Preferences needs to be set to "NCP Protocol Preferences = TCP IPX" so that IP is the preferred protocol used by NetWare 5. This setting is saved in the NetWare Environment variables. See TID 2952266 for more information about this set parameter.
1100213
In packet-switched networks such as the Internet, a router is a device or, in some cases, software in a computer, that determines the next network point to which a packet should be forwarded toward its destination. The router is connected to at least two networks and decides which way to send each information packet based on its current understanding of the state of the networks it is connected to. A router is located at any gateway (where one network meets another), including each point-of-presence on the Internet. A router is often included as part of a network switch. \n\nA router may create or maintain a table of the available routes and their conditions and use this information along with distance and cost algorithms to determine the best route for a given packet. Typically, a packet may travel through a number of network points with routers before arriving at its destination. Routing is a function associated with the Network layer (layer 3) in the standard model of network programming, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. A layer-3 switch is a switch that can perform routing functions. \n\nAn edge router is a router that interfaces with an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. A brouter is a network bridge combined with a router. \n\nFor home and business computer users who have high-speed Internet connections such as cable, satellite, or DSL, a router can act as a hardware firewall. This is true even if the home or business has only one computer. Many engineers believe that the use of a router provides better protection against hacking than a software firewall, because no computer Internet Protocol address are directly exposed to the Internet. This makes port scans (a technique for exploring weaknesses) essentially impossible. In addition, a router does not consume computer resources as a software firewall does. Commercially manufactured routers are easy to install, reasonably priced, and available for hard-wired or wireless networks.
556370
Your ISP will most likely assign you a certain amount of web space to set up your own page, and as for tutorials, a good starting place is http://www.w3.org/2002/03/tutorials ---- you've got to be able to trust the organisation who determine the standards!
991915
A CISCO (or any other router) is a computer networking device that forwards data packets across an internetwork toward their destinations, through a process known as routing. Routing occurs at layer 3 (the Network layer e.g. IP) of the OSI seven-layer protocol stack.
23107
It can't be done with perfect reliability, but the general way to do this is to serve different pages depending on the requesting IP address.\n\nI found some code to do it here: http://www.geobytes.com/GeoDirection.htm\n\nGood luck!
247562
In a Class A address, the first octet is the network portion, so the Class A example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 10. Octets 2, 3, and 4 (the next 24 bits) are for the network manager to divide into subnets and hosts as he/she sees fit. Class A addresses are used for networks that have more than 65,536 hosts (actually, up to 16777214 hosts!). \n\nIn a Class B address, the first two octets are the network portion, so the Class B example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 172.16. Octets 3 and 4 (16 bits) are for local subnets and hosts. Class B addresses are used for networks that have between 256 and 65534 hosts. \n\nIn a Class C address, the first three octets are the network portion. The Class C example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 193.18.9. Octet 4 (8 bits) is for local subnets and hosts - perfect for networks with less than 254 hosts.
829197
You may need to raise this with ICANN\nhttp://www.icann.org/udrp/udrp.htm\n\n///