How do you know if a molecule is polar or has polar bonds?
554160
A molecule is polar when it has a dipole moment that does not cancel out. For example, consider the molecule CH4 (methane) which is nonpolar. It has a carbon atom bonded to 4 hydrogen atoms. Bonding is the overlap of the electron density. So you have an electron from a hydrogen and an electron from the carbon forming each of the bonds. Carbon is just very slightly more electronegative (tendency of pulling electrons closer to itself) than hydrogen. This means that the electrons are pulled by carbon away from hydrogen, but not by much (the difference is very very small). This shifting of electron density allows for the carbon to be slightly more negatively charged and hydrogen slightly electron deficient. This makes the C-H bond just slightly polar. However, because there are 4 hydrogen atoms that are bonded to the carbon, this bond polarity cancels each other out...meaning that the bonds are slightly polar, but the overall molecule is nonpolar. \n\nTo determine if the bonds are polar you just have to know the electronegativity differences. To know if a molecule is polar, you must know the correct geometry. Since electrons are negatively charged and repel each other, they want to be as far away from each other as possible. If you have a carbon bonded to 4 hydrogens, you will have a tetrahedral geometry with the hydrogens 109.5 degrees apart from each other creating the best possible arrangement. Also, if you have a lone pair of electrons, then the molecule will always be polar because of that charge separation.
1027607
Covalent bonds are where two (or more) atoms "share" outer layer electrons in order to achieve stability. Polar molecules are where the electronegativity of the atoms do not cancel each other out, and hence the molecule forms a charge.\n\nA carbon and a hydrogen forms a covalent bond. The carbon has 12 protons while the hydrogen has only one. Hence, the carbon will draw the shared electron from hydrogen towards itself more than that of the hydrogen drawing the electron shared by the carbon, and hence the carbon becames negatively charged because the electron from hydrogen spends more of its time around carbon while the hydrogen, left with its single proton, becomes positively charged.\n\nAn example of a polar covalent bond is water. \n- O---H +\n    /\n    H\n   +
230448
dipole-dipole\nhydrogen bonds\nlondon forces\n\nde nada
675505
a molecule that carries a charge. Water is a very common polar molecule.  It sticks together when it streams because of the polar bonds between the molecules.  "Polarity results from the uneven partial charge distribution between the atoms in a compound."
740266
Silver Nitrate is a salt, meaning it's very polar.  But polar/nonpolar is usually used to describe covalent bonds.
82092
just to add to what rb42rdsuns said-\n\nCovalent bonds are formed when atoms "share" electrons so that each nucleus "thinks" that it has, typically, 8 electrons in its valence (outer) shell.  This is typically a lower energy system, which is favorable.  When the two atoms are identical (for example, two hydrogens), the electrons are shared equally  between the atoms.  Sometimes one atom attracts the electrons "better" than the other atom, and this results in a polar bond, in which each of the two atoms has a slight charge.
799054
Consider a primary alcohol that has a structure like C--OH\n\nthen consider a tertiary alcohol that has a structure similar to \n          CH3\n           |\nH3C--C--OH\n           |\n          CH3\n\nIn a primary alcohol such as the one shown above, the distribution of charge is relatively polar due to the presence of only one other carbon atom with one very electronegative oxygen atom. In a tertiary alcohol, there are four carbon atoms versus only one electronegative oxygen atom. Therefore, in the tertiary carbon, the polarity is greatly less because the polarity is balanced by the presence of so many carbon atoms around the molecule.
695062
ok listen if u have a compound formed by 2 atoms u take the electronegativity of the second atom and u substract the electronegativity of the first one if the number that u get is between 0 and 0.3 its non polar covalent if its 0.4-1.7 then its polar covalent and if its 1.7 or more than it is ionic
309295
The polar nature of the water molecule is responsible for hydrogen bonding.
840267
The word molecule tells you that it is a covalent compound (if it were ionic, it would be called a unit cell). Covalent compounds are USUALLY between nonmetals but in some cases can be between a metal and a non-metal. It all boils down to electronegativity difference (how much harder one atom is pulling on the electrons in question than the other atom). I hope this helps!
837515
You need to look at the central atom and determine the number of lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons (multiple bonds in this case will not count, as the orbitals used in those bonds will be orthogonal to the bonding axis and thus won't be hybridized).  2 is sp, 3 is sp2, 4 is sp3, 5 is sp3d, 6 is sp3d2.
825775
With respect to covalent bonds, polarity refers to the tendency of electrons to move towards one of the atoms.  Polarity in covalent bonds arises from differences in electronegativity between the participating elements.  For example, the covalent bond in a molecule of water, H2O, is polar.  Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, so the end of the molecule containing the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge.
734468
A molecule is said to be polar when the atoms are different in its electronegativity and its magnitude does not cancel off each other. Water itself is made up of Oxygen & Hydrogen atom. The electronegativity of o2 and h2 is the same. Thus, there are no dipole movement in the oxygen-hydrogen bond. However, the magnitude of the 2 hydrogen atom that is attached on the oxygen bond is in a 45 degrees manner. Thus, when the magnitude of the whole molecule is considered, the molecule is deemed to be polar.
486231
NaOH is ionic.\n\nAll has to do with electronegativity and the difference between the two species bonded to each other.  If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.5, the bond is considered to be fairly non-polar.  Between 0.5 and 1.5 is usually a polar bond, greater than 1.5 usually means that there will be charge separation and the bond will be ionic.\n\nFor either polar or non-polar bonds, you need to know the geometry of the molecule and determine whether the sum of the individual dipoles in the molecule will cancel (vector sum).  If they do, the molecule is non-polar.  If they don't, it is.  For instance, water is polar as its polar bonds do not cancel geometrically, but CH4 is non-polar, even though each of its bonds is polar.
1101405
Ionic bond, hydrogen bonds, covalent bond, ionic interactions, van der waals interaction, non-polar interaction ... the list goes on.\n\nA bit more on covalent bonds:\nThere are sigma and pi covalent bonds, mainly. Pi bonds are usually the double bonds, while sigma are single bonds. Pi bonds can have resonance!\n.\nAlso there are often non-bonding electrons and anti-bonding electrons in molecules, but they aren't really "bonds"\n.\nCheers.\n.\nP.S.: If you share "chemistry" with a girl / boy you could also call that a "chemical bond"! He he he he.
561562
polar.\n\nThe best way to think of it is in terms of water solubility.  Non polar organic molecules usually have lots of hydrogens, and usually no oxygens.
382554
It's not polar; It's ionic.\n\nBaO consists of Barium in the +2 oxidation state and Oxygen in the -2 oxidation state.