Who can tell me about polymer lasers?
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Conjugated polymers have emerged in last few years as attractive gain medium for lasers and optical amplifiers. The ultimate goal of direct electrical pumping of\npolymer laser is still far from of being realised, but optically pumped polymer lasers have already been demonstrated. Particularly promising materials are polyfluorenes of large solid state luminescence quantum efficiencies. All polymer lasers, which have been reported so far, are operating in the regime of down-conversion, i.e. the pumping laser has a wavelength shorter (blue-shifted) compared to the wavelength of the stimulated emission.\n\nThe blue emitting polyfluorenes (PF) absorb effectively in the near UV-region. To be able to use the already existing very effective and compact solid state lasers (like frequency-doubled Nd:YAG in Q-switched mode, 532 nm) as the pump source, the PF´s have to be sensitised in the sponding optical region where their own absorption is vanishing. We have investigated, as an example, thin films of different\npolyfluorenes sensitised with Pt-octaethyl porphyrine and established that this system can operate in the up-conversion regime when pumped at 532 nm.\n\nThe efficiency of the up-conversion process is strongly dependent on temperature. To be able to control the local temperature into the pumped spot we combine the xperimental set-up with our recently developed optical thermometer. The\ninfluence of the macromolecular structure on the efficiency of the up-conversion process is under investigation.
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There are thousands of polymers all with very different chemical and physical properties.  so a simple answer can not be given.  perhaps a specific polymer would obtain better responses.
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Try this link\nhttp://diode-lasers.globalspec.com/LearnMore/Optical_Components_Optics/Lasers/Diode_Lasers?se=gt
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XP Lasersport is a game of laser tag, more info here\n\nhttp://www.xplasersport.com/
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a red l.e.d. laser is currently used.  Very soon, blue lasers will be generally on the market, but they will be a bit pricey for a while until the technology matures a bit.
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A Laser jammer uses a infra-red LEDs or laser diodes to distort the signal of the police lidar gun.\n\nA great place to find out about laser jamming products results would be to go to the websites I linked below: http://guysoflidar.com/index.html\nhttp://guysoflidar.com/radar-detector-laser-jammer-shootout-2005/laser-jammer-tests.html\nhttp://guysoflidar.com/laser-jammer-test-july-2005/index.html\nRocky Mountain Radar products do NOT work!\nhttp://www.radarjammer.com/\n\nYou can see some videos of Laser jammers and Laser stealth coating here:\nhttp://www.laserveil.com/cool%5Fvideos/
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Laser Micrometers are used in a variety of industries and employed in a wide range of applications. Industries like Fiber Optics, Cable and Wire manufacturing, Plastic or Metal Tubing manufacturing, SMT component placement equipment or "Pick and Place" machines, Semiconductor, Biotechnology and many other industrial factory automation applications, that require FAST, RELIABLE and ACCURATE measurements of objects at the LEAST possible price.
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You actually need to buy a fiber optic patch cord, not a cable because the patch cord is going to have adequate protection for a single strand of fiber whereas a cable does not protect individual strands, even though you can pull one of the strands out of the jacket.\nYou definitely need a MULTIMODE cable, especially the older variety - 62.5/125 micron. You can even get lucky and find even more rarely found oldest of them all - 100/150 mkm but the connector is not going to be SC in this case. It is hard to aim a flashlight at a 62.5 light-transferring region so the larger the core the better. You will have no light at all with singlemode cables and very little light with 50/125 mkm, so be careful.\n\nAs to where to buy the cable, the first place I'd look is eBay. Fiber optic industry has suffered a huge setback in early 2001-2002 and tons of materials are still available at dirt cheap prices, especially at liquidation stores and eBay. Good luck hunting.\n\nOh, yes, I think it's worth mentioning that you will have much more luck transmitting light from laser pointer than that of a regular flashlight. See if you application can tolerate red light and if yes then definitely go for a laser pointer.
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My mama?\nCheck it out, dude:\nthe nm you refer to is a measurement of the wavelength of the light generated by the laser pump\nfor example\n632nm = red light\n593.5nm = yellow light\n532nm = green light\n473nm = blue light \n\nfact about the human eye:\ngreen is by far the most visible wavelength\ntherefore\na green laser beam at 5mw will be 3-4 times more visible than a red laser at the same power\nI recently purchased an OEM laser module\nthat I use as a bench laser for various experiments\nIt is 532nm rated at 15mw and lemme tell ya\nTHAT BEAM IS VISIBLE even in daylight\ntruth is: a blue laser beam would be very difficult for the human eye to register at moderate output powers, so if you want a visible blue beam, be ready to pay for a powerfulass laser!\n\nIf you want to talk to some knowledgeable and friendly laser folks:\nhttp://www.laserglow.com/index.html\n\nIf you wind up purchasing from them, speak with Magdalena - tell her Renegade Laser Research Centre sent you
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ref\n\nhttp://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/polymers.htm
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Get free consulting from Lasik..info in first site. Will also post others for you to browse.\n\nhttp://lasikvision.imswebmktg.com/lasikvision/unique/82834.php?GCID=S15543x031&KEYWORD=laser%2Bsurgery%2Binformation
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You need one that is fully mirrored.\n\nThis is needed - almost - in some types of laser. A cylinder is used where on side is a perfect mirror (as perfect as one can get) and the other side is a partial mirror (say 99% of the light is reflected, the rest goes through like glass).\n\nThis sort of configuration is used to build up the strength of the lasing effect inside the cylinder and make for a better laser.\n\nOther types of modern lasers are efficient enough that this isn't necessary. Enough lasing is done down the length of the laser that no reflections are needed.\n\n(This isn't to be confused with the other concept of a "light trap" which is to keep light from leaking out. In that case you need something like this:\nhttp://www.uky.edu/Ag/Entomology/ythfacts/4h/unit2/hotm&ult.htm )
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Materials that form an inverse energy distribution?  Not quite.\n\nThere are three basic components for getting a laser to work.  First, one needs an excitation source (pumping source) such as a flashlamp, an electrical spark, etc.  Second, one needs a material (the gain medium) which can exhibit what's known as population inversion - the capacity for a material to raise the electron energy level from the lower to the upper energy states.  Nearly all materials will exhibit this behavior with some more efficiently than others.  Finally, one needs to direct the stimulated energy by using a resonator.\n\nThere are many combinations of pump sources, lasing materials and optical configurations depending on the intended use.  There are solid state (ruby, Nd:YAG), gas (nitrogen, helium-neon) and semiconductor (gallium-arsenide) lasers that come in a variety of wavelengths (colors) to choose from, again, depending on what you want to do with it.\n\nJust a little bit of background: My degree is in Physics, and I've been working in the lasers and electro-optics field for the past 10+ years.  You can see what my graduate lab at SDSU looked like at: http://www.equationlab.com/mtp/quantumblog/about.html
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It was once said by Sir Townes, who is credited with inventing the first working ruby Laser, that the laser is a remarkable device looking for an application.  That was in 1968.  Today, there are numerous applications for lasers.\n\nLasers are used in medicine: for eye surgery, eye treatments and corrections to the cornea, in major surgeries ultrafst lasers are used because theyt have very short pulses with high peak power, which means they will cut the spots they are focused on while not affecting the areas around the focused spot (i.e., very little or no heat damage to surrounding tissue).  THe same principle is why we use lasers in eye surgery.  Also, different tissue absorbs different wavelengths of light, so specific wavelengths of lasers may be developed to be absorbed by specific types of tissue, like cancerous tissue, for example.  Cancerous breast tissue absorbs longer wavelengths of light than normal breast tissue, so if one spots a long wavelength (inra-red) laser beam on the breast, it only affects the cancerous issue, as it passes right through the normal tissue and doesn't affect it.  When tissue is heated, enough, it will die.  Hence cancer therapy with lasers.\n\nLasers are used in industry for materials processing (welding, cutting, drilling).  The advantage of using lasers in this area are that the cuts are very clean (or holes, or welds) and the laser can be attached to robotics that are automated to perform repetitive cuts very quickly.  Laser pulses from pulse to pulse are quite stable, when properly designed, so the repeatability in manufacturing applications is tremendous, far better than mechanical cutting, drilling, and traditional MIG or TIG welding.\n\nLaers are used for imaging.  The wavelength of lasers ranges from the deep UV (~200 nm) to the far infra-red (~10 um).  The shorter wavelengths of light act of small cameras when refelcted back from a sample, for example of human biological tissue or even molecules themselves.  So the laser can be a very high resolution imaging "camera".\n\nLasers are used in rapid prototyping for developing 3D models of products very quickly, they are used in disk drive manufacture to create "landing pads" on the disk drives for the disks to remain stable when being written to or read from, and are used in the interest of national security (i.e., weapons systems).  Lasers can be used as sensors, even very long range remote sensors (LIDAR), as motion detection devices, and as pure research tools.\n\nThere are more, but that gives you an idea.
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Check out the University of Rochester in NY they also have a well known optics/laser program
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A laser is composed of an active laser medium (gain medium) and a resonant optical cavity.\n\nThe gain medium transfers external energy into the laser beam. It is a material of controlled purity, size and shape, which uses a quantum mechanical effect called stimulated emission to amplify the beam. The gain medium is pumped by an external energy source, such as electricity or light (a flash lamp or another laser). The pump energy is absorbed by the medium, producing excited states. When the number of particles in one excited state exceeds the number of particles in some lower state, population inversion is achieved. In this condition, an optical beam passing through the medium produces more stimulated emission than the stimulated absorption so the beam is amplified. An excited laser medium can also function as an optical amplifier. \nThe light generated by stimulated emission is very similar to the input signal in terms of wavelength, phase, and polarization. This gives laser light its characteristic coherence, and allows it to maintain the uniform polarization and monochromaticity established by the optical cavity design.\nThe resonant cavity contains a coherent beam of light between reflective surfaces so that each photon passes through the gain medium multiple times before being emitted from the output aperture or lost to diffraction or absorption. As light circulates through the cavity, passing through the gain medium, if the amplification in the medium is stronger than the resonator losses, the power of the circulating light can rise exponentially.
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LASER = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation\n\n     Well, let me try to explain this a little more fully.  A laser is a more complex light source than most.  It relies on stimulating electrons in atoms to jump to a higher state.  A laser creates a large population inversion (many atoms with excited electron states).  When these electrons return to their original states, they emit certain wavelengths of light.\n\n     Therefore, in a laser, all of the light is organized and has the same wavelength, rather than the randomized light from most light sources (light bulbs, etc.).  In the laser, there is also a pair of mirrors that causes this light to reflect back and forth, stimulating more electrons in the process.  One of these mirrors is only semi-silvered, so some light can escape from this chamber.  This escaping light is the laser.