How does a full wave voltage doubler work?
547848
To get voltage doubling, you basically charge up a capacitor on one cycle and on the reverse cycle, run in series with that capacitor so you have 2X the voltage. For a full wave voltage doubler, you need to have an innovative arrangement of rectifiers so that you can get full cycle charge at all times.\n\nA example of a genuine full-wave voltage doubler may be fonud here:\n \nhttp://www.kwarc.org/bulletin/99-04/tech_corner.htm
140428
x\n\nthe answer below is just for voltage - see my graph above - it is quite accurate. here it is again, larger: X
472581
The equation for this is relatively simple.\n\nVp/Vs = Np/Ns\n\nWhere: \nVp=Voltage primary winding.\nVs=Voltage secondary winding.\nNp=Number of coil turns on the primary winding.\nNs=Number of coil turns on the secondary winding.\n\nThus taking that into consideration you should be able to get the voltage for both sides.  To get the current on both sides.  Just realize that you need the resistance.\nOr if you have the current on one side, use the conservation of Power equation:\n\nVpIp=VsIs\n\nWhere: \nVp=Voltage primary winding.\nVs=Voltage secondary winding.\nIp=Current in the primary winding.\nIs=Current in the secondary winding.
504290
The RMS (root-mean-square) value of AC voltage is NOT dependant on the frequency.  For a sine wave, it is .707 (half the square root of 2) multiplied by the peak voltage.\n\n120 and 240 volt circuits common in the US are derived from the center-tapped transformer, the center called the neutral.  This gives you 120V between each phase and neutral, and 240V between the phases.  An analogy that might make more sense is with batteries.  You can put two 9V batteries in series to get 18V, but you still have 9V across each battery.\n\nI think what you want to know from your question, is why do we have both 120V and 240V.  You can argue 120V is safer than 240V, but it is more historical that 110-120V is used in the US (many other countries, but not all, use 220-240V).  The reason for having 240V for some equipment is with a higher voltage it will draw less current, so smaller wires can be used.  Similar to power transmission using high voltages.\n\nThe safety ground, the 3rd round pin on a normal plug, is connected to the neutral at the electrical service.  The neutral is grounded (to the earth), and so is the safety ground, but that connection to the earth has nothing to do with its purpose.  This safety ground connects metal parts of equipment to the neutral, so if a fault in the equipment causes voltage on those metal parts, it will trip the circuit breaker rather than give you a shock (if you were touching it WHEN the fault occurred, you could get a shock before the circuit breaker tripped).  Another thing about the safety ground, it never carries current under normal conditions, and for that to be true it can only be connected to the neutral at the service.  NEVER connect a safety ground to a neutral at another point.\n\nAlso, never take the cover off your circuit breaker or fuse panel if you don't know what you are doing.  Suggesting someone take off the cover and poke around with a fluke is a bad idea.
870052
Full example and circuit diagram on http://www.padre.ca/house/multiplier_example_web.pdf
1074739
what is your question?\n\nA 220 Volt Circuit works the same as any other voltage.  Voltage pushes electrons and work is done.
665401
hi,\n\nas i understand it, the way a DC-DC converter operates is in 3 stages:\n\nfirst, V_in is used to drive a pair of coupled transistors (or some other oscillatory circuit) that output a square wave or some kind of time-varying oscillatory voltage.\n\nsecond, that AC signal is used to drive a transformer which consists of two inductors.  the ratio of the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings of the transformer determines the step-up or step-down ratio of the transformer.  if you have a 3:1 inductor then you will step down the voltage by a factor of 3, for example.\n\nthird, the transformed AC signal gets converted to DC by a bridge rectifier or some other AC->DC circuit.  generally speaking, a bridge will output a DC voltage that is simply proportional to whatever AC you put into it.  (of course if you way over- or under-drive it, it won't work right.)\n\nanyway, if you have a single missing turn on either side of your transformer, that will change the step-up/down ratio.  my 3:1 example would become a 2:1 transformer and then you'd get an output voltage that was too high (1/2 of the input, instead of 1/3).  \n\nthen the rectifier will just flatten out whatever voltage you put into it.\n\nhope this helps!
1086026
You can get an idea on counting the discs on the insulator string and multiplying by 12kV/disc.\nAgain it is only a general rule of thumb and is not accurate.\n\nSource 50 years as an Electrical Engineer
416476
You need some way to clip the signal, using a diode of some sort.  Simply R L and C cannot generate a square wave using AC voltage.
341482
Ok break it down:\n1) A power supply converts AC power (110 in the states) to some other required voltage. For this (lab) project I'd presume a DC regulated voltage from, say 1.5 to 15V something like that.\n\n2) Digital and programmable means you'd control the output voltage with some sort of digital signal like up/down buttons, a keypad, or a PC hookup.\n\n3) You are supposed to use an 8051 to accomplish this.\n\nSo there are several ways to do this. One way would be to have the 8051 accept a command to set the voltage and produce a PWM signal. Let's say the PWM signal is a 5V output switched from 0 to 100%. You can use an RC filter to produce 0V to 5V from this signal. If your instructor is nice, you could argue that this meets the criteria -- especially if you use it to drive a pass transistor to develop some serious current (but your voltage is now 0V to 4.3V because of the BE drop).\n\nBut I'd instead use an op amp with gain X3 (plus a little extra) so that I got from 0 to 15.7V and then use the pass transistor. Another idea would be to use the voltage to drive a simple current source which would program a LM317 voltage regulator.\n\nWeb searches on things like LM317, PWM, and "pass transistor" are your friends here.
728562
Here is a good article. To understand them, you need to get a multimeter, and electronics projects book, a breadboard (to mount circuits on), and a selection of electronic parts from Radio Shack. Use batteries initially, and then when you are more confident a power supply and rectifier to do experiments, and measure voltage, current, and resistance values around the circuit.\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics\nHyperphysics. (Google)\nhttp://www.mathworld.wolfram.com\nhttp://www.refdesk.com\n"You can do it electronics," Needham Heights, MA\nEnjoy!
257958
Piezoelectric "transformers" convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, and vice versa, to produce high-voltage ac and dc outputs. Despite their small size, these transformers produce voltages as high as 7000V dc from a 5.5 to 7V input.   -   This is from the source listed....there is lots more info there.\n\nor try\n\nhttp://www.morganelectroceramics.com/pdfs/tp244.pdf
115772
Yes, a double-pole switch opens and closes two wires of the same circuit, or two independent circuits.  I believe electro-fogey was thinking of double-throw switches.
209317
The straight calculation is this:\nVolts X Amps = Watts(power)\n\n4.5 watts would be the answer.
556193
Full-wave rectify 60 Hz to get 120 Hz ripple, couple it through a large capacitor to block DC, then low-pass filter with a series L/shunt-C circuit to remove most of the harmonics. You'll have to size the L-C to clean up the waveform adequately without losing too much of the 120 Hz. Or you can apply it to a 120 Hz tank circuit per above answer, but depending on the loading you apply it still may need some cleanup.
253109
I'm not sure but here you have some documentation!!!\nHigh Power Synchronous Buck Converter Delivers Up to 50A\nhttp://www.linear.com/pc/downloadDocument.do;jsessionid=Cj11DMriV8LW4X9CgZfQ5I5lx1vZBXzB2tjeDRsjX12XSI6CBFqH!-1570396240?navId=H0,C1,C1003,C1042,C1032,C1092,P1551,D4362
973437
You should use pulse width modulation (PWM).  PWM is essentially an on-off sequence in time, like a square wave alternating between 0 and 1.\n\nClearly full voltage will give you maximum speed.  This happens when the voltage is always on.  Now, suppose you only wanted to go half the maximum speed.  You could send a a square wave with 50% duty cycle (on half the time and off half the time) at high enough frequency that the motor will spin at a constant 50% maximum speed.  The motor is like a lowpass filter and therefore, a square wave at high enough frequency will produce a steady response without oscillation.\n\nIf you want the motor to go slower, say, at 25% maximum velocity then send a pulse that is on 25% of the time and off 75% of the time.\n\nIn reality, if you want 25% speed you may have to send something like a 27% duty cycle because of the time delay between commanding 'on' and the system actually turning 'on'.  In this application, though, I don't think you will have this porblem.