Changes in Yugoslavia?
543113
OK well first...Yugoslavia no longer exists. ...\n\nThese are the countries that it used to comprise...\n\n Slovenia..Croatia...Bosnia..Serbia... (and now)Montenegro - only this week they have had a referendum to split from Serbia...Kosovo is still a province of Serbia..but is likely to become independent soon.. \n\n\nTo answer this you must first know a little about the history of Yugoslavia.... \n\nYugoslavia only came into existence after world war 2.\nBefore that roughly the same area was called the kingdom of the Serbs, Slovenes and Croats. This only existed after the first world war.\nBefore that Serbia and Croatia, and Bosnia etc had separate histories and cultural influences. Serbia was under the Ottoman empire whilst Croatia was under the Austro-Hungarian.\nSome people say that Yugoslavia only stayed together because of Tito's firm grip. Tito died in 1980. In the 1980's Yugoslavia economy first started showing the signs of strain that had already existed but were hidden well by Tito's position in the world, and Yugoslavia prestige of not being neither West or East.\nThis was the time when nationalist tensions first became to show (they had appeared before but were dealt with efficiently by Tito -- both Tudjman and Izabegovic 1st presidents of modern Croatia and Bosnia respectively had spent time in prison for nationalism)\nBy the times of the late 80's , Yugoslavia was ready to fall apart... \nNationalism was everywhere..\nIn Serbia started by a nationalist memorandum in 1986 by intellectuals... \nBy 1989 (a then new) Milosevic had removed autonomy from Kosovo and Vojvodina...\nThrough out Europe communism was falling, and people were wanting changes of government.\nSlovenia first wanted indepence. Partly because it was the richest province in Yugoslavia and was sick of seeing it's money spent on poorer areas. Partly because it was wanted to be more democratic and was worried by Milosevic's pro Serb, and neo communistic tendencies....\n\nSo when Slovenia declared indepence it was impossible for Croatia not to as well... Croatia had a strong natioanlist history lead by it's leader Tudjman. And wanted to regain 1000 years of Croatian history.\nIf Slovenia and Croatia were both accepted as independent by the EU , which they were..\nIt was impossble for Bosnia to stay in Yugoslavia...\n\nBUT.. \n\nThey were many Serbs who lived in all areas of the former Yugoslavia especially Croatia and Bosnia...\nThey did not want to leave Yugoslavia, and wanted to stay with Serbia...\nThey were also scared of nationalism in Croatia because during the second world many Croats were supporter of the Ustasa who were supporters of Hitler. The ustasa had massacered many Serbs in death camps such as Jasenovic.\nSome modern Croats were sympathisers with the Ustase and some of the decisions made by Tudjman gave Serbs a reason to fear living in an Independent Croatia.....\nWhilst in Bosnia alot of nationalist propganda brought to the forefront a hate of Islam, and of the Ottoman past..\n\nThis is why the civil war happened....\nOf course now relations are much better between all countries and current politicans are trying to make ammends for the past and build a future.
535379
OK well first...Yugoslavia no longer exists. ...\n\nThese are the countries that it used to comprise...\n\nSlovenia..Croatia...Bosnia..Se... (and now)Montenegro - only this week they have had a referendum to split from Serbia...Kosovo is still a province of Serbia..but is likely to become independent soon.. \n\n\nTo answer this you must first know a little about the history of Yugoslavia.... \n\nYugoslavia only came into existence after world war 2.\nBefore that roughly the same area was called the kingdom of the Serbs, Slovenes and Croats. This only existed after the first world war.\nBefore that Serbia and Croatia, and Bosnia etc had separate histories and cultural influences. Serbia was under the Ottoman empire whilst Croatia was under the Austro-Hungarian.\nSome people say that Yugoslavia only stayed together because of Tito's firm grip. Tito died in 1980. In the 1980's Yugoslavia economy first started showing the signs of strain that had already existed but were hidden well by Tito's position in the world, and Yugoslavia prestige of not being neither West or East.\nThis was the time when nationalist tensions first became to show (they had appeared before but were dealt with efficiently by Tito -- both Tudjman and Izabegovic 1st presidents of modern Croatia and Bosnia respectively had spent time in prison for nationalism)\nBy the times of the late 80's , Yugoslavia was ready to fall apart... \nNationalism was everywhere..\nIn Serbia started by a nationalist memorandum in 1986 by intellectuals... \nBy 1989 (a then new) Milosevic had removed autonomy from Kosovo and Vojvodina...\nThrough out Europe communism was falling, and people were wanting changes of government.\nSlovenia first wanted indepence. Partly because it was the richest province in Yugoslavia and was sick of seeing it's money spent on poorer areas. Partly because it was wanted to be more democratic and was worried by Milosevic's pro Serb, and neo communistic tendencies....\n\nSo when Slovenia declared indepence it was impossible for Croatia not to as well... Croatia had a strong natioanlist history lead by it's leader Tudjman. And wanted to regain 1000 years of Croatian history.\nIf Slovenia and Croatia were both accepted as independent by the EU , which they were..\nIt was impossble for Bosnia to stay in Yugoslavia...\n\nBUT.. \n\nThey were many Serbs who lived in all areas of the former Yugoslavia especially Croatia and Bosnia...\nThey did not want to leave Yugoslavia, and wanted to stay with Serbia...\nThey were also scared of nationalism in Croatia because during the second world many Croats were supporter of the Ustasa who were supporters of Hitler. The ustasa had massacered many Serbs in death camps such as Jasenovic.\nSome modern Croats were sympathisers with the Ustase and some of the decisions made by Tudjman gave Serbs a reason to fear living in an Independent Croatia.....\nWhilst in Bosnia alot of nationalist propganda brought to the forefront a hate of Islam, and of the Ottoman past..\n\nThis is why the civil war happened....\nOf course now relations are much better between all countries and current politicans are trying to make ammends for the past and build a future.
424513
Kosovo's future status is as uncertain as it has been since the war. It is currently a UN-protectorate and is likely to remain so for quite some time. However if the Serbs arrest and extradite Radtko Mladic, the alleged war criminal, to the Hague tribunal, the EU will invite Serbia for EU accession talks and then, ups, the case of Kosovo will have to be resolved - the EU cannot possibly live with this tense situation inside its own borders! (Even though they do so with Cypros, but that's another case)
1096233
One can point out at least four main characteristics of the educational change in Eastern Europe:  1) depolarization of education (i.e., the end of the “communist” ideological control of the system); 2) breaking down of the state monopoly in education by allowing private and denominational schools to be established; 3) increased choices in schooling options; and 4) decentralization in the management and administration of the education system (in particular, the emergence of school autonomy) (Cerych, 1997).  Remarkable progress has been made in reforming areas such as curriculum, textbooks, and pedagogy:  previously dominant political and ideological references were deleted from course content and textbooks; curricula have been updated; a private textbook industry has emerged vigorously; and significant changes were made in teacher training and evaluation practices.  Other areas are fraught with many difficulties and are, accordingly, more difficult to improve.  They include:  rationalizing the number of institutions, establishing coherent education legislation, redistributing educational property, and redefining local finance and administrative control (Heyneman, 1995, p. 25).
309895
JO! JO!\n\nPresovo is ethnically more Albanian, but then so is Tetova.\nNovi Pazar has bosnians.. It should be  Bosnian?  Vojvodina, Hungarian?   In Stara Pasova they are Slovaks. Should it be Slovakia? There is even no boarder.\nIn Bradford, England there is more Pakistanis. Should then belong to Pakistan???\n Do you think that Tetova should be Albanian not Macedonian??  Actually I bet you do!\n\nMitrovica is Serbian whould you be happy if when Kosovo's final status was settled it would stay in Serbia???\n\nALL nation states has many different ethnic groups within their boarders. People emigrate, populations mix, sometimes there are pockets of one ethnic group. What is the problem?\nIt is possible to live in a country and hove 2 identies look at America. They have Chinese American, Italian Americans, African American  etc  and yet they are American.\n\n\n  It would be difficult for Kosovo to stay in Serbia - though I don't like to admit that-  But Presovo is a different case. They weren't the abuses that happened in kosovo province. The local province doesn't feel the need for independence. And am absolutely sure the international comunity is against it. How many problems would that cause for Macedonia. It would make the whole Balkans in war again, when they is peace. I would hope that even an Albanian nationalist wouldn't want that.\nThe Serbian govnerment is trying very hard to help the albanian in that area with financial packages, and education packages. They is not abuse of human rights. Serbia govnerment is working with international bodies and local Albainians to stop discrimnation. Couldn't Albanians try to live in Serbia if all rights were respected. It doesn't stop them losing their identity. You are asking Serbs to live under Albanian rule in Kosovo, so you cant have it both ways. If you can only live with Albanians they can always move to Albania or Kosovo.\n\nKosovo Albanians should accept where the border is. And then maybe Serbs will accept that Kosovo will be independant. But Both nations should respect each other minorities.  I can tell you one thing Albanians in Serbia, are treated much better then Serbian in Kosovo.\nThere, a Serbian is not safe without a armed guard. Albanians have no problem walking the streets of Beograd.\n\nI think you must learn to live with Serbs, because if you were independant Serbia would be your biggest trading country, and you would still be neighbour! Important part of kosovo's history was Serbian, and you should be proud of all aspects of your heritage. When that happens Kosovo will be a nation.\nPEACE
534128
None of the above, the tensions were not eased until the soviet union started breaking down.  They did get a little better in the 70's than they were in the 50's but only by degrees.
112731
Croatia will join EU in the next round after it cleans its act up. They've had a few internal political hiccups along the way, but I think they will come out fine. Croatia will have positive economical effects, and I would say tourism will become one of its main industries. Political, will be interesting.. Especially if Serbia decides to apply for EU. Not familiar enough with Barry's theory to comment.
1082896
I differ like you do since i saw in your profile that you are Croatian too. Most ppl not living in former Yugoslav countries have a trouble of understanding those issues on the Balkans. I have a lot of communications with ppl from abroad always asking questions about the language, war and other issues. It is very hard to expain linguistic differences, other things can be much more easily explained. If we want to understand at least some of the differences we have to go back to history, but not to the migration of ppl. \nCroatia is largely influenced by the Italians (coastline), Austrians and Hungarian which can be seen it the language, way of life and cuisine. Serbia, on the other hand, was under Russian influence due to the royal connections. While on the coastline we use a lot of italian vocabulary, in the north around Zagreb a lot of german words are used. \nBesides, the Croatian and  Serbian language differ in vocabulary, pronounciation, grammar and script. Even in former Yugoslavia the official language was Serbo-Croatian, and serbian has always used a lot of foreign esp. turk loanwords. The croatian use the ijekavica and the serbian ekavica e.g lijep (cro) vs. lep (ser). During the last 15 years the changes appear even much bigger because there is a process of language purification going on in Croatia. An airplane is now in standard Cro called zrakoplov and in Serb avion. But, I always stress that I don't need an interpreter for talking to someone from the former Yugoslavia, except for Macedonian and Slovenian.\nanother important issue is that language is a symbol of national identity and if you lose your language you somehow lose your natural means of communication. Though it doesn't mean you have to isolate yourself from any linguistic influences because language changes due to different trends and influences.\nFor does feeling sorry for Yugoslavia falling apart if it were a perfect country no one would want its breakup. Even Montenegro who stayed for 15 years in a federation with the serbs couldn't wait to get out of it
868424
the war in bosnia was about the serbs, croats, and muslims killing and commiting genocide against eachother. It was over land and religous differences.\n\nYugoslovia was split into new countries like Serbia, Bosnia & Hercegoniva, Slovenia, and Macedonia. \n\nYugoslovia is still around, just not as big\n\nBosnia & Hercegoniva is the only dangerous country today.
561935
OK.... \nYou are obviously talking about the referendum scheduled to take place on may 21st. To see weather Montenegro decides to break the union.\n\nAs to your question what is is the difference between Serbia and Montenegro, and why they both want to be separated...can I try to answer both questions together..\n\nI'm sure you know that Montenegrins do not hate Serbians...\n\nI think the reasons they want independence are...\n\nMontenegro was always an independent mountain state and never part of the Serbian empire. First time these countries joined was after the first world war war.. So now that every other country has left Yugoslavia, so does Montenegro..\n\nI think there are of course many similarities (as with all former yug states...But I think they are some difference..\nMontenegrins (most!) speak with the western dialect closer to Croatia, and Serbians use the Eastern. If I am correct Monenegro was never under Ottoman rule. So there are some different cultural differences.\n\nOther reasons are of course more modern... I think that Serbia and Montenegro have been separating for some time. How long has it been since Montenegro stoped using the dinar??\nIt is in Montenegro's advantage to leave..because they can now enter Europe quicker...and won't be penalised for not handing over Mladic and Karadzic like Serbia is.\nAlso Montenegro is a small country and it is eay to be lost in Serbia but independent it can find it's own way.\n\nAnd as for Serbia...personaliy I don't think Serbians care one way or the other..They are concerned with getting over the mess of the Yugoslav wars and starting a fresh.\n\nWELL...These are my opinions as an outsider.....\n\nI understand your concerns and I felt the same way until I visited Motenegro, and now I think separation is for the best...I know that there are many Montenegrins especially in the North you feel closer to Serbia...but I still think that Montenegro and Serbia will still be close even if they are separate countries :-)
1032934
The demands given in the ultimatum from Austria to Serbia were basically these... 10 POINTS...\n\nTo suppress any publication which incites to hatred and contempt towards the Austro -Hungarian  Monarchy . . .\n\nTo dissolve immediately the  Narodna Odbrana (National defence)  society . . and any others that  engage in propaganda against Austria\n\nTo eliminate without delay from public instruction in Serbia anything that serves or might serve to foment the propaganda against Austria-Hungary\n\nTo remove from the military service and the administration in general all officers guilty of propaganda against Austria. The names to be given later...\n\nTo allow agents of the Austro Hungarian government into Serbia to help the suppression of the subversive movement directed against the territorial integrity of the Monarchy\n\nTo take judicial proceedings against the accessories to the plot of 28 June who are on Serbian territory and allow agents of Austria to take part.\n\nTo proceed without delay to the arrest of the two named persons implicated according to the preliminary investigation undertaken by Austria.\n\nTo prevent by effective measures the cooperation of Serbia in the illicit traffic in arms and explosives across the frontier . . . .\n\nTo  explain  regarding the  utterances of high Serbian officials both in Serbia and abroad, who . . .have not hesitated since the outrage of 28 June to express themselves . .in terms of hostility towards Austria\n\nTo notify Austria without delay of the implemention of these measures . . \n\n\n\n\nThe demands  were issued on on Thursday, July 23 1914 at 6 p.m, and Serbia had 48 hours to reply.....\n\nBut it was basically a pretext to start the war, because the conditions were made to be unacceptable to Serbia..so that they could not comply...\n\nSerbia accepted all conditions but one (allowing Austria into it's judicial inquiry) but still it was not enough...
1635
That's a bit of a loaded question, because it depends on how you consider the British role in the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I.  Prior to that war, the Ottoman Empire had evolved over several hundred years, at times encompassing most of southeastern Europe (Romania, Bulgaria, the states formerly composing Yugoslavia), modern Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, all of the Arabian Peninsula, Eqypt, and much of northern Africa.   at the end of the World War I, the Empire was broken up, and most of the administration and nation-building in the area was performed by the British.   While Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan were created based on regional figures of authority (the Shah, the Saudi royal family, and the Hussein royal family (no relation to Saddam)) the other nations had borders drawn largely for convenience.  Some good books are the subject are linked below.
218694
Suez Crisis, Israel, Great Britain and France attack Egypt.\n\nSoviets invade Hungary to crush anti-communist revolution.\n\nFirst Eurovision Song Contest.\n\nTunisia becomes independent from France.\n\nBeginning of rock and roll music.\n\nElvis Presley enters the charts for the first time with Heartbreak Hotel.
1121927
By entering Kosovo, the USA gained some things.\n\n1-Flood of refugees into neighboring countries and Italy was halted. This was causing huge problems and spreading chaos through the region. Since then, the region remains relatively quiet.\n\n2-The American military gained some valuable experience in maintaining peace between hostile communities, which I am sure has been helpful in Iraq.\n\n3-American and European militaries gained the ability to work together during actual exercises beyond war games. This has been helpful as practice for the NATO coalition that is working together in Afghanistan right now.\n\n4-The International Community was able to capture and bring to justice some infamous criminals, which has gone some way to clearing the UN and US honor because of the non-response to the problems in Rwanda.\n\nIn response, America and NATO will always have to remain in Kosovo because once the forces leave the fighting will start all over again, just like in Somalia right now.
707690
rusian revolution changes\n\nhttp://www.museum.ru/mirror/vlmp/l_VLMPe.asp\n\n:> peace
143839
Feb 3, 1968 in Prijepolje, Serbia and Montenegro.
1187889
Hmmmmmmmm i dont know. The team spirit in Serbian cmp was low as Serbia & Montenegro are now separate countries, the lack of unity in the team was evident. I also think Argentina face the danger of peaking too early. Remember 2002 where they played brilliantly before the Wc then lost their way ? but i must say that was a mesmerizing performance, beautiful!