How do you think globalization affects Kazakhstan's economy? and development?
546139
I think it brings more opportunity for trade and development.  Kazakhstan's economy is growing steadily.
1004906
Globalization began with the Achaemenid dynasty in ancient Persia.\n\nAt its height, there were 70 million people in the empire, they affected all world trade and the Abrahamic and Dharmic religions.  \n\nThis is where economic, military and religious linkages begin to occur.\n\nFor a later starting point, try the conquest of the Americas, when Aztec and Inkan gold fund the expansion of several Western Asian maritime powers (Europe in common speak).\n\nWorld War 1, or the European Civil War as it should be known, opened up the possibilities that horrors and more horrors were to come.\n\nThe present phase of globalization, known as neoliberalism, began in the US with the defeat of Barry Goldwater, was exported to Chile in 1973 (by force), drew momentum from the oil and fiscal crises of the 1970's, the Latin American debt crises of the 1980's and the fall of the wall in the 1990's.
38074
What is the Diamond Model? Description\n\nThe Diamond Model of Michael Porter for the competitive advantage of Nations offers a model that can help understand the comparative position of a nation in global competition. The model can also be used for major geographic regions.\n\n \nTraditional country advantages\n\nTraditionally, economic theory mentions the following factors for comparative advantage for regions or countries:\n\n   1. Land\n   2. Location\n   3. Natural resources (minerals, energy)\n   4. Labor, and\n   5. Local population size.\n\nBecause these 5 factors can hardly be influenced, this fits in a rather passive (inherited) view regarding national economic opportunity.\n\n \nClusters\n\nPorter says that sustained industrial growth has hardly ever been built on above mentioned basic inherited factors. Abundance of such factors may actually undermine competitive advantage! He introduces a concept called "clusters" or groups of interconnected firms, suppliers, related industries, and institutions, that arise in certain locations.\n\n \n\nThese clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, and associated institutions in a particular field. They grow on locations where enough resources and competences amass and reach a critical threshold, giving it a key position in a given economic branch of activity, with a decisive sustainable competitive advantage over others places, or even a world supremacy in that field. Porter says clusters can influence competition in three ways:\n\n    * They can increase the productivity of the companies in the cluster.\n    * They can drive innovation in the field.\n    * They can stimulate new businesses in the field.\n\nSome well-known examples of Clusters are USA/Silicon Valley (computers), Netherlands/Rotterdam (logistics), India/Bangalore (software outsourcing), USA/Hollywood (movies), France/Paris (fashion).\n\n \n\nAccording to Porter, as a rule competitive advantage of nations is the outcome of 4 interlinked advanced factors and activities in and between companies in these clusters. These can be influenced in a pro-active way by government.
679355
Globalisation is the most talked and debated issue in the contemporary world. It is a concept that escapes precise definition. In most cases, it is described rather than defined. However, it does not mean the same thing for all. For some, globalisation is a process of opening up economies so that trade between countries could take place freely. For them increasing globalisation has helped the expansion of opportunities for nations and benefited workers in rich and poor countries alike. Brings positive benefits for consumers, helping to increase choice, drive down prices, improve services and create new jobs and opportunities. Globalisation can therefore be seen as a positive force for change that has the potential to raise living standards and drive economies forward.\n\nHowever, this is not readily acceptable for all. Many think globalisation as the concerted strategy of the industrial world, particularly of the Multinational Corporations, to safeguard their interest and spur a new form of colonisation. After opening of our market, our country will become a supermarket of foreign goods, which are cheaper, killing our local industries, increasing many more jobless. For them, globalisation means increasing poverty and deteriorating living standard of the workers, widening disparity between the rich and the poor within the country and also among the countries, and internationalisation of capital to the detriment of labour market. Even for the moderates, globalisation is a process of restructuring the world economy to find ways for business to maximise profits.\n\nThe IMF, the World Bank and the WTO and more generally, the high income countries are held responsible for influencing and largely determining the course of the globalisation process. They are also seen as the driving forces behind the policy reforms that the developing countries had to implement as part of their structural adjustment programs under the supervision of the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO. It is obvious that those countries and organisations will only foster their own interests. Globalization has become an unstoppable phenomenon affecting all aspects of our lives. Some Governments, political parties and trade unions often view this development as at best challenging and at worst sinister. Business and their representative organisations, on the other hand, promote the benefits of open trade across political boundaries and the integration of markets to create global opportunities.\n\nGlobalization is a process of increasing economic and non-economic linkages across the world. In the broadest sense Globalization implies integration of economies and societies across the globe. It is equated with the massive, irresistible cross-border flow and integration in the movement of goods, technology, labour and capital, resulting mainly from breakthroughs in transportation and communication. In a wider perspective, Globalisation, covers, various activities such as cultural globalisation, political globalisation, ecological globalisation, economic globalization and so on. But Here I am only discussing about economic globalisation. Economic globalisation implies increasing global inter-linkages of the markets in goods, services, capital and financing. Such a process has speeded up in the recent decade. The contributory factors for rapid economic globalisation are liberalisation, deregulation, privatisation, and declining costs of transport and communication.\n\nThe micro-electronics revolution has irrevocably changed the essence of human contact to earth. Distances are shrinking and information is spreading faster than ever before. The internet and World Wide Web have helped this process. Perhaps the most important catalyst for globalization is the spread of information and communications technology (ICT). Through the magic of ICT, it is now possible to instantly access useful information through the Internet and the latest computer technology.\n\nWhile talking about gl
255599
Sure it does.  Advertising contributes and speeds up globalization by getting the word out about new products or services that will save time or help out in some way.
636494
It's not going to be that different from a traditional economy.  They have a community and traders like most countries.  It's just a smaller realm of goods.  There's a study here: http://www.cba.uc.edu/econed/LatestAmishBrochure.pdf
808646
I am from Kazakhstan. I have 5 years of experience of life and work in the "oil and gas" part of Kazakhstan (Atyrau city), western part of Kazakhstan.\nI think if you possess skills and experience valuable for this industry, you will be in demand by many companies there. \nThe region is rapidly growing and if you decide to go there, it is a good place to work on rotation, esp. if ur company covers all the expenses (accommodaton, food and all that). If you want to bring ur family along , you will have to make a research on schools and other arrangements for them. I know many expats who live there with their families and don't wanna leave. The climate is kinda harsh in the western part (winds) , however the salaries are pretty rewarding. The expat communtities are large, most of the expats are europeans. Kazakhs are friendly with everybody provided the adequate respect is shown towards them. \nRe the major oil companies : it depends which skills u have and if u r willing to work for an operator or a service provider. \nAGIP KCO (consortium of several major companies ENI, Shell, Chevron, Exxon) and TengizChevronOil , KazMunaiGas (national) are the largest operators, \nthe service is provided by numerous companies both national and international: Halliburton, Baker Hughes , Schlumberger etc.\nTo get a job in any of them you need to send a resume to their HR dept. \n\nPS I also think Borat is stupid.
662417
Definition: - "The tendency of investment funds and businesses to move beyond domestic and national markets to other markets around the globe, thereby increasing the interconnectedness of different markets."\n\nIt refers to the worldwide phenomenon of technological, economic, political and cultural exchanges, brought about by modern communication, transportation and legal infrastructure as well as the political choice to consciously open cross-border links in international trade and finance. It is a term used to describe how human beings are becoming more intertwined with each other around the world economically, politically, and culturally. Although these links are not new, they are more pervasive than ever before.\n\nThe economic aspects stressed in globalization are trade, investment and migration. The globalization of trade entails that human beings have greater access to a plethora of goods and services never seen before in human history. From German cars, to Colombian coffee, from Chinese clothing, to Egyptian cotton, from American music to Indian software, human beings may be able to purchase a wide range of goods and services. The globalization of investment takes place through Foreign Direct Investment, where multinational companies directly invest assets in a foreign country, or by indirect investment where individuals and institutions purchase and sell financial assets of other countries. Free migration allows individuals to find employment in jurisdictions where there are labor shortages.\n\nThe political aspects of globalization are evidenced when governments create international rules and institutions to deal with issues such as trade, human rights, and the environment. Among the new institutions and rules that have come to fruition as a result of globalization are the World Trade Organization, the Euro currency, the North American Free Trade Agreement, to name a few.\n\nCultural global ties also grow through globalization as news ideas and fashions through trade, travel and media move around the globe at lightning speed. Global brands such as Coca-Cola, Puma & Sony serve as common reference to consumers all over the World. An individual in China enjoys the same soft drink as an individual in Puerto Rico--at opposite ends of the globe. However, these ties may also cause strains: for example Western Ideas of freedom of expression may clash with Islamic views on Religious tolerance
893205
(m)\n\nOne of the demerits of the globalization, illegal immigration of poor people to the advanced countries, becomes a serious problem in the world. As the concepts of globalization spreads around the earth, there is a noticeable distinction between the rich and the poor especially in a backward nation. As a result of that, even illegally, the poor people decide to go to other country for their dreams.
246518
International trade is the exchange of goods and services across international boundaries or territories. In most countries, it represents a significant share of GDP. While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact. Increasing international trade is the usually primary meaning of "globalization".\nInternational trade theory\nSeveral different models have been proposed to predict patterns of trade and to analyze the effects of trade policies such as tariffs.\nRicardian model\nThe Ricardian model focuses on comparative advantage and is perhaps the most important concept in international trade theory. In a Ricardian model, countries specialize in producing what they produce best. Unlike other models, the Ricardian framework predicts that countries will fully specialize instead of producing a broad array of goods. Also, the Ricardian model does not directly consider factor endowments, such as the relative amounts of labor and capital within a country.\nHeckscher-Ohlin model\nThe Heckscher-Ohlin model was produced as an alternative to the Ricardian model of basic comparative advantage. Despite its more complex and accurate predictive power, it also had an ideological mission: the elimination of the labor theory of value and the incorporation of the neoclassical price mechanism into international trade theory. The theory argues that the pattern of international trade is determined by differences in factor endowments. It predicts that countries will export those goods that make intensive use of locally abundant factors and will import goods that make intensive use of factors that are locally scarce.\nGravity model\nThe Gravity model of trade presents a more empirical analysis of trading patterns rather than the more theoretical models discussed above. The gravity model, in its basic form, predicts trade based on the distance between countries and the interaction of the countries' economic sizes. The model mimics the Newtonian law of gravity which also considers distance and physical size between two objects. The model has been proven to be empirically strong through econometric analysis. Other factors such as income level, diplomatic relationships between countries, and trade policies are also included in expanded verisions of the model.\nRegulation of international trade\nTraditionally trade was regulated through bilateral treaties between two nations. For centuries under the belief in Mercantilism most nations had high tariffs and many restrictions on international trade. In the 19th century, especially in Britain, a belief in free trade became paramount and this view has dominated thinking among western nations for most of the time since then. In the years since the Second World War multilateral treaties like the GATT and World Trade Organization have attempted to create a globally regulated trade structure.\nCommunist and socialist nations often believe in autarky, a complete lack of international trade. Fascist and other authoritarian governments have also placed great emphasis on self-sufficiency. No nation can meet all of its people's needs, however, and every state engages in at least some trade.\nFree trade is usually most strongly supported by the most economically powerful nation in the world. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom were both strong advocates of free trade when they were on top, today the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan are its greatest proponents. However, many other countries - including several rapidly developing nations such as India, China and Russia - are also becoming advocates of free trade.\nTraditionally agricultural interests are usually in favour of free trade while manufacturing sectors often supp
59855
when america took over iraq and put its fast food, banks, and other american poisions thats globalization. When countries that dont have phone lines start using cell phone technology instead of any natural progress, thats globalization. When hurricane  or other natural disaster victims recieve relief, thats globalization. When children build foreign products, thats globalization. Basically its not america the melting pot, its now becoming the global melting pot.
486816
Doug North's "Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance" will be essential to understanding where the field has gone recently.  It's much more concrete than Stiglitz' "Globalization", which, while interesting, carries a lot of opinionizing among the little bit of theory.  North is considered the premier authority on institutions in the academic world today.  I've also attached a reading list from one of the recent events in the field, and it's pretty comprehensive.\n\nThose should keep you busy for a while.  :)
339491
Modernization means a great change for many countries. As you can see some effects of modernization is the outsourcing of business in other countries. That means less job for some countries while a great opportunity for other countries offering cheap labor cost. Other effects of modernization I think is the way people lives. Like now at our times, technology affects how we live our lives everyday. Cellphones and internet have largely affected the way we communicate with each other.
573705
I had the oppertunity to visit Dar just a couple of weeks back.  And to answer each of your questions separately may be difficult for me.  But maybe my observations while I was in Dar may help you find some answers to your questions.\n\nFirst and foremost, what I felt is that there is general feeling of detachment in the general public.  There is hardly any enthusiasm in whatever they are doing and have a tendency to just follow, whatever they are told.  There is great amount od tired, laid back approach to work and things can take forever to acomplish.\n\nI am sure Tz as a country has lot of potential, but if you ask me my opinion as an outsider if Tz can develop into an exemplary country, my response would Yes, but there is long way to go and a lot to change before that.
722226
Although many people don't see it this way it seems to me that globalization isn't something new. It's been around since as far back as Alexander the great. He tried to promote one culture, one language, one set of beliefs. Globalization cannot unfortunately be analyzed by saying this is good this is bad. It is always subjective. What I might see as a pro you might see as a con and the opposite. I believe for example Coca Cola should not be sold in third world countries; they hardly have enough water to drink. The Coca Cola business man sees it differently; he sees it as a developing market. That covers only one aspect of globalization but can to a certain extent be generalized.
583962
I think industrialization is what happens when a country becomes more modern, a side affect of progress etc.
456225
Globalization sends jobs overseas. More and more Americans are living in poverty.\n\nSome of the other nations are too poor to compete, so they stay in poverty.\n\nOnly the elite become wealthy from globalization.