what is cloning and what is it used for?
537397
Cloning is a method of reproduction used to copy a cell or an individual (producing a clone) from their DNA . Except when there are errors or mutations during copying, a clone is genetically identical to the original: it has the same DNA. In nature, certain non-sexual species, like bacteria, employ cloning for reproduction.
869266
i do not know much about the clonning system, but i do know for sure that what is needed is cells, not a specific part of the body as i think you imply.\nnow......if you want to clone a female god, it makes no difference, you still need a cell.\n\nby the way, my cell is 555-000-555.\n....but please don't clone me !\n=)
726979
I assume you mean cloning for the growth of an entire human being, not cloning for parts; i.e, heart, lungs, eyes, etc.\n\nWell, you know years ago people freaked out about so-called "test tube babies," saying it went against nature, god, and all sort of things.  People said it would be the end of male/female relationships.  They said it would make MEN obsolete.  They said many, many stupid things.  Here we are and in vitro fertilization is a common and valuable procedure for couples experiencing infertility problems.  \n\nI work in women's health.  I truly believe "Human Cloning" will simply be another choice for couples with infertility problems.  How nice would it be for a couple to be able to clone one of themselves in a situation where either the female has no eggs or the male has no sperm.  In these situations a couple can only have a child that is PARTLY a stranger's DNA.  That sometimes leaves one of the parents feeling left out.  Also, the conceived child has NO INFORMATION pertaining to the donor DNA.  \n\nI think it would be great.  It may also reduce the number of multiple gestations so common with in vitro, which has many, many complications.\n\nI also have to address another issue:  A cloned baby would be EXACTLY like a TWIN of the person being cloned.  Genetically, it is no different.  Nothing freaky about that.
498847
The world is already overpopulated and there are too many unwanted or orphaned children. Why would we need to clone a person except to use them as non-humans such as organ producers for organ donation or as slaves, etc. No matter which way you look at it, it is the arrogance of man who is messing with something he has not thought through. The consequences of this capability will be nothing but negative.
1170818
theoretical advantages of cloning are as follows:\n\nimmortality or at least living thousands of years\n\nendangered species whose demise came directly a result of man\n\nhuman parts factories, where faulty human parts be replaced\n\nstem cells\n\nslaves?\n\nnew friends\n\nclone yourself to make a rival\n\nclone yourself young to make youself forever young... \n\ncreating a clone army to fight for you( or your country) or cause....\n\n individual parts youve cloned can become part of each other in a working organism... theoretically if we can have transplants that become a part of our body without rejecting them.... then we can create our own frankensteins... and living creatures... \n\nif someone had a miscarriage, and wanted that baby\n\ncloning certain genetic information from different people, that is biologically superior or more efficient, and putting those together in a single person  to make a  kindof superhuman....\n\ncloning cancerous cells that can be injected into enemys \n\ncsi- cloning the subject from a hair or other human remnant containing dna.... \n\nseeing what organism from the past would look like by recreating them... hopefully there would be a way to overcome faulty the dna these subjects....\n\nunlawful recreations of celebritys to be used for individual purposes....\n\nmass cloning- for things as insects that eat other insects... like a kindof pesticide.... or to counter attack swarms of anything... locusts,etc\n\ncreating a living creature battery... using their energy to run your device.... and merely feeding them to ensure further energy production... \n\ncloning the genetic isolates from people that make them resistant to things such as aids...\n\nanyway... the list could go on forever...
879526
That is the why human cloning is banned.Because it is more unbenefiatiable.The main thing why this is if this is possible, then a criminal would be clonned in many and you can imagine what the situation would be  if a most criminal person is clonned many.there are many bad thigs than good things about human cloning.But cloning of some parts of human organ or themselves should be done because this would help patients to get new fresh organ.
356287
no....the clone is started with a single cell.....the dna is removed from one cell of the donor and place into the cell of a uterine egg cell.  The new cell is then zapped with low amounts of electricity to get the dna to start doing its job of replicating.....since the dna used is a blue print of what the makes up the  donor the new egg will develop into an identical image of the original.  But will be a younger version if it lives.....this process must be done hundreds of times if not more to get even one cell that survives the process and can live/replicate the way it should.
28455
Disadvantages: People will deem clones to have no souls and use them in immoral ways.\n\nAdvantages: None.\n\nI can see no benefit to the actual cloning of a human being. The benefit comes from the knowledge gained from cloning. Once we have the ability to clone a human being, we can specialize in cloning just the parts that we need.\n\nImagine a person with lungs and a heart damaged from disease or an accident. Doctors can clone just the heart and lungs from the patient's own DNA and transplant them. No waiting for donors and no organ rejection.\n\nHow about cloning gallons of untainted blood as needed? No more need for donors, storage, or disease testing. Even rare blood types can be cloned as needed.
440931
The problem I have is with the cloning process.  Most clones fail or are deformed.  We cannot subject the clones to half-as_ed technology which might cause them to suffer.\n\nBut other than that, I don't see a problem with clones.
493684
Cloning has become a widely debated issue in the media since 1996, when a group of Scottish scientists led by Ian Wilmut cloned Dolly, a sheep that was the first clone of an adult mammal. The cloning process involves destroying the nucleus of an egg cell of the animal that will carry the clone and injecting a donor nucleus from the individual to be cloned into that egg cell. The resulting egg thus has a nucleus from the donor animal (which may be an endangered animal) and can develop into an animal that has the same genetic makeup as the donor, thus making the resulting offspring a clone.\n\nSince Dolly's appearance, a wide variety of uses for mammalian cloning have been proposed, including using cloned animals to produce superior livestock and to simplify the process of creating transgenic animals (genetically modified animals that can make human proteins in their milk, for example). Several groups have suggested cloning endangered or recently extinct species. A company called Advanced Cell Technology used a cow named Bessie to clone an Asian gaur, an endangered oxlike animal native to India and Burma (the cloned gaur died of an ordinary disease two days after his birth). Scientists also hope to move on to cloning extinct animals, perhaps starting with the cloning of the now-extinct bucardo mountain goat from Spain; scientists froze some tissue from the last living animal before the species became extinct.\n\nCloning endangered and extinct species has raised heated debate in the scientific community and beyond. On the one hand, many say it may offer us an opportunity to protect animals such as the giant panda from extinction so that our descendants will be able to see the beauty of these creatures. Some claim that cloning may help us bring back recently extinct species. Still others just want to have an opportunity to see a mammoth. (By the way, cloning mammoths from tissues frozen in Siberian permafrost is considered impossible with the current techniques because their DNA has become fragmented. In addition, scientists do not think that fossilized species such as dinosaurs can be cloned.) Indeed, if successful cloning of an endangered or recently extinct species is possible, we may be able to boost the populations of these animals.\n\nOn the other hand, cloned populations consist of genetically identical individuals, leading to high susceptibility to many diseases and slow adaptation to the environment. In addition, some argue that introducing extinct species back into the wild may upset the natural balance and have disastrous effects on the populations of other species. Such concerns are probably not as relevant with recently extinct species, where their extinction has usually been caused by human interventions, such as destruction of habitats and hunting. We do have to consider such issues when we start talking about bringing back mammoths, but the cloning of long-extinct species is still only a theoretical possibility. Concerns remain, however, that endangered and recently extinct species could be brought back to a world where their habitats no longer exist, and they will only be able to survive in zoos.\n\nAnother concern voiced by animal conservationists is that cloning endangered species would be viewed by the public (and governments) as an alternative to the breeding and habitat-protection programs already in place. Such possibilities are especially alarming as cloning techniques become cheaper and may be viewed as a less costly alternative to the more traditional means of protecting endangered species. Of course, cloning cannot serve as a substitute for such programs, because cloned animals lack the genetic diversity that is crucial to survival, and they still need habitats to live in.\n\nAs you can see, cloning is far from being able to serve as a Noah's Ark that would save all endangered species from extinction, but together with habitat protection and breeding programs, it may help some endangered and rece
55395
Human cloning has long been a subject of speculation in science fiction. Science fiction speculation has included:\n\nthe use of cloning for "spare parts" for transplantation, typically with accelerated growth of the cloned parts \ntransferring one's mind into a younger clone body, as a way of achieving immortality \nclones somehow having a telepathic affinity for one another \nApart from the first, these ideas are currently pure speculation. (Telepathy has been reported by many indentical twins, for example seemingly unfounded anxiety of one twin, when the other who is far away is in trouble, or even more pronounced ESP, so the same could conceivably apply to artificial clones.
491229
C)gel electrophoresis. \nIn gene splicing ther's cutting of DNA At specific regions. DNA Cloning involves the magnification or production of identical copies of DNA
749890
There are different types of cloning \n\n(1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning--The terms "recombinant DNA technology," "DNA cloning," "molecular cloning,"or "gene cloning" all refer to the same process: the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. The DNA of interest can then be propagated in a foreign host cell.\n\n\n(2) Reproductive cloning-- Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. Dolly was created by reproductive cloning technology.\n\n\nAnd (3) therapeutic cloning-- Therapeutic cloning, also called "embryo cloning," is the production of human embryos for use in research. The goal of this process is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease. Stem cells are important to biomedical researchers because they can be used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the human body. Stem cells are extracted from the egg after it has divided for 5 days. The egg at this stage of development is called a blastocyst. The extraction process destroys the embryo, which raises a variety of ethical concerns. Many researchers hope that one day stem cells can be used to serve as replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other diseases. See more on the potential use of cloning in organ transplants. \n\n\nScientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants. To do this, DNA would be extracted from the person in need of a transplant and inserted into an enucleated egg. After the egg containing the patient's DNA starts to divide, embryonic stem cells that can be transformed into any type of tissue would be harvested. The stem cells would be used to generate an organ or tissue that is a genetic match to the recipient. In theory, the cloned organ could then be transplanted into the patient without the risk of tissue rejection. If organs could be generated from cloned human embryos, the need for organ donation could be significantly reduced. \n\nAdvantages-----\n---------------------\nTherapeutic cloning will in time allow scientists to create organs that are a perfect match for those in need of a transplant. The cloned organ would be based on the recipient’s genetic material and would not require the use of debilitating immunosuppressive therapies. There would also be no chance of rejection, which is fatal. Therapeutic cloning represents the ideal in organ transplantation, as it would provide an unlimited source of organs to anyone who needs them. The need for these organs is dire." \n\n\nEthical considerations:\n---------------------------------\nEthics become a concern because of the source of the stem cells. \n\nStem cells could be obtained from many sources. Three are:\n\n1.Embryos created during infertility treatment. These are sometimes called "spare embryos." They are usually frozen at a very low temperature in the event that they are needed in the future to attempt another a pregnancy. \n2.Embryos created for the purpose in the laboratory by manually fertilizing an ovum with donated sperm. \n3.From the germ cells or organs of an aborted fetus. These "appear to be limited in the type of tissue they can be developed into." \n\nUnfortunately, organs grown from stem cells from one of these sources would have foreign DNA that did not match the DNA of the organ recipient. The recipient would have to take anti-rejection drugs for the rest of their life and could suffer organ rejection at any time. \n\nThere are four other sources that would produce organs that are perfectly matched to the recipient's DNA. They would presumably prevent organ rejection:\n\n1.Via cell nuclear replacement. Th
590272
it is really taking genes from some animal and transplanting it into a new organism. The new organism can create the protien which you can extract. This can be useful in pharmacueticals because yo can create protiens to implant into meds for saving lives It is also useful in creating drugs and antibiotics
361439
Introduction\nThe possibility of human cloning, raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly" (Nature 385, 810-13, 1997), aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications. The feat, cited by Science magazine as the breakthrough of 1997, also generated uncertainty over the meaning of "cloning" --an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. \n\n\nWhat is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?\nWhen the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning. There are different types of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to taking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies will be discussed: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning. \n\n\nRecombinant DNA Technology or DNA Cloning \n\nThe terms "recombinant DNA technology," "DNA cloning," "molecular cloning,"or "gene cloning" all refer to the same process: the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. The DNA of interest can then be propagated in a foreign host cell. This technology has been around since the 1970s, and it has become a common practice in molecular biology labs today. \n\nScientists studying a particular gene often use bacterial plasmids to generate multiple copies of the same gene. Plasmids are self-replicating extra-chromosomal circular DNA molecules, distinct from the normal bacterial genome (see image to the right). Plasmids and other types of cloning vectors are used by Human Genome Project researchers to copy genes and other pieces of chromosomes to generate enough identical material for further study. \n\nTo "clone a gene," a DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated from chromosomal DNA using restriction enzymes and then united with a plasmid that has been cut with the same restriction enzymes. When the fragment of chromosomal DNA is joined with its cloning vector in the lab, it is called a "recombinant DNA molecule." Following introduction into suitable host cells, the recombinant DNA can then be reproduced along with the host cell DNA. See a diagram depicting this process. \n\nPlasmids can carry up to 20,000 bp of foreign DNA. Besides bacterial plasmids, some other cloning vectors include viruses, bacteria artificial chromosomes (BACs), and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). Cosmids are artificially constructed cloning vectors that carry up to 45 kb of foreign DNA and can be packaged in lambda phage particles for infection into E. coli cells. BACs utilize the naturally occurring F-factor plasmid found in E. coli to carry 100 to 300 kb DNA inserts. A YAC is a functional chromosome derived from yeast that can carry up to 1 MB of foreign DNA. Bacteria are most often used as the host cells for recombinant DNA molecules, but yeast and mammalian cells also are used.\n\n\nReproductive Cloning\n\nCelebrity Sheep Has Died at Age 6\n\nDolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashion
823360
Well....cloning is just making out a genetically identical individual from an individual. To begin cloning is of two types..natural and artificial...Natural is the one which happens in nature by mitosis in eukaryotes and binary fission in prokaryotes...you can give tonnes and tonnes of examples for this(anything identical to another thing is a clone of tht 'another' thing........i can even say that DNA replication is cloninf of the original DNA molecule....thus cloning can be a broad term but here i m jus tellin you about cloning of organisms or cells). Artificial cloning methods are the ones which humans use for various reasons(wich are not ethical) Artificial cloning would include tissue culture, embryo cloning, tranferring a diploid nucleus to an egg cell to get an identical organism(as in case of Dolly the sheep), etc., and etc.,  so you can devide cloning into many types....................................
695153
The problem lies within the fact that families using only one computer would only be allowed one profile\n\n(I don't support cloning but that logic could result in alot of problems for innocent people)\n\nOh I know.  We all know who "you know who" is.  But still, IP bans would obviously help with some situations, and be bad in others.