is lyme disease an aerobe, anaerobe, or a facultative anaerobe?
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Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, an aerobic bacterium.
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Lyme disease is now an epidemic in several US states.4 Estimates are now at 3 million cases of lyme disease in the US in 3 decades. Most of these cases are from states that border Canada yet Canada reports it has only had a few hundred cases...? See an epidemiological map of what is immediately across our border. Canada has no such info - yet where we look we find lyme.\n\nLyme borreliosis is now acknowledged as the most highly prevalent arthropod-borne human disease in northern temperate regions of the world5. Canadian medicine and science, due to the lack of recognition of the clinical diagnoses, combined with lack of surveillance and research, places us at the bottom of the scale in dealing with this serious disease. We are years behind.\n\nMany Lyme patients were firstly diagnosed with other illnesses such as Juvenile Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Reactive Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Infectious Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Fibromyalgia, Raynaud's Syndrome, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Interstitial Cystis, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Fifth's Fisease, Multiple Sclerosis, scleroderma, lupus, early ALS, early Alzheimers Disease, crohn's disease, ménières syndrome, reynaud's syndrome, sjogren's syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, prostatitis, psychiatric disorders (bipolar, depression, etc.), encephalitis, sleep disorders, thyroid disease and various other illnesses.\nIf you have received one of these diagnoses please go to our symptoms page and see if you recognize a broader range of symptoms.\n\nIf you are a doctor please re-examine these diagnoses, incorporating Lyme in the differential diagnoses.\n\nIf you feel you may have Lyme Disease you are encouraged to contact us. If you have a rash please photograph it (a close-up) and send it to us with as much detail about date/time, place, any tick bite noticed. Please include your name and phone number for our records in trying to track this disease. All information is confidential and shall never be released to anyone without your written consent.\n\nRead this from 1993... where are we now - no better?\n\nRonald S. Ferris, Calgary, Alberta, deceased (1945-2000), made many a profound statement about Lyme Disease in Canada prior to his death. Read more about Ron and the impact he had on others and take the time to read that interesting and informative web site.\n\nLyme Disease....A vector borne disease (ticks are one known vector) which has caused controversy in the past decades because of its difficult diagnosis and treatment. The organism is highly fastidious, growing extremely slowly in tissue culture (not bacteriological) media. The vast majority of body fluid or tissue samples from patients with Lyme disease do not yield spirochetes on culture. Lyme disease is thus usually clinically diagnosed. Possible detection of serum antibodies to burgdorferi may only augment the clinical diagnosis. However, acutely antibodies may not occur in detectable titer, making early diagnosis difficult. Many later stage seronegative patients are very symptomatic and treatment intervention has been shown to be very effective. The tick O.hermsii has been implicated as a possible vector and some Canadian cases are reviewed. Lyme mimics many other diseases but clearly an educated doctor will recognize lyme symptoms and include lyme in the possible diagnoses.\n\nThe first documented case of Lyme disease to have originated in Canada (Journal details here) was a 51-year old French female nurse visited Quebec, Canada from 20 July to 5 August, 1984 and contracted Lyme disease. She reported an insect bite on 3 August 1984 on the back of her knee with erythema chronicum migrans appearing at the site of the bite on 5 August 1984. The patient presented with meningeal lymphocytic reaction near the end of September, 1984. Total Ig serum titers in indirect immunofluorescence tests on 1 October 1984, 10 October 1984, and 10 January 1985 were 1/512, 1/2048 and 1/16,384, respec
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meningitis\nmononucleosis\ndoctor asap
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A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism, usually a bacterium, that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation.\n\nSome examples of Facultative anaerobic bacteria are the Staphylococci (Gram positive), Corynebacterium (Gram positive), and Listeria (Gram positive).\n\nOrganisms in the Kingdom Fungi can also be facultative anaerobic, such as yeasts.\n\nFactors influencing the switch are the concentrations of oxygen and fermentable material in the environment. In brewer's yeast, the Pasteur shift is the observed cessation of oxygen consumption when fermentable sugar is supplied. In a growing culture, the energy "economics" disfavors respiration due to the "overhead cost" of producing the apparatus, as long as sufficient fermentable substrate is available, even though the energy output per mole of fermented material is far less than from respiration's complete oxidation of the same substrate. The switching off of respiration is far faster than the reverse, because in a culture which has grown for a few generations via fermentation, it will take time for mitochondria, which are depleted, to proliferate.
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The so called "Erythema migrans"  a red circle that gets bigger (migrates) around the area of the tick bite (or did they stich?) anyway, other early symptoms are headache, pain in the joints and muscles gastrointestinal problems sometimes a fewer feel all much like you are getting a cold. should you really be in the early stages of a possible Lyme disease it is treatable with oral Antibiotics (tetracyclins, amoxicillin or makrolides)
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Per Wikipedia: "The spirochaetes (or spirochetes) are a phylum of distinctive bacteria, which have long, helically coiled cells. They are distinguished by the presence of flagella running lengthwise between the cell membrane and cell wall, called axial filaments. These cause a twisting motion which allows the spirochaete to move about. Most spirochaetes are free-living and anaerobic, but there are numerous exceptions."
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symptoms of lyme are not as clear as once thought. not everyone will develop a rash let alone classic biullseye. often it will present with flu like symptoms and can be mis diagnosed easily as it does not have any tell tale symptom. there are 2 blood tests i know of , the first one is not always accurate but is cheaper so it is the one drs usually do first. if you get a negative but still feel like garbage ask for the second test to be done. untreated it can go neurological. lyme has been found in eye fluids as well as spinal taps. once 2 weeks of anti biotics were thoiught to do the trick however newer studies have shown that the buggers hide out and re emerge after treatment. at least 6 weeks is needed and sometimes iv meds are used.  if you feel you need more info please email me, my sister was on the lyme coalition and spoke in washington.
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I would imagine something in the microbe department. Like a paramecium or ameba.
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None that I know of. Anaerobic bacteria do not need oxygen to survive, and usually die in the presence of oxygen.\n\nTo survive, anaerobic bacteria use two types of repiration to survive: Fermentation and anaerobic repiration, both of which utilize glucose. \n\nThe article does mention that there are times the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde generates CO2 and the conversion of acetaldehyde to ethanol regenerates NAD+. It doesn't mention which bacterium can facilitate said process.
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A) \n\nEuglena is a facultative autotroph.
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yes, it is an std.  just because they're bugs doesn't mean they can't be considered a disease.  having lice is considered a disease.  a tapeworm is a disease.  just becuase they're not bacteria doesn't mean they can't be a disease.  (this frustration isn't aimed at you, the questioner, but the people who just said it can't be a disease because they're bugs.)
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This link has an extensive information about Aerobic and Anaerobic Bactria ( gram + & Gram -).\nIt is really a useful source:-\nhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=9618450\nAlso, Gram-negative anaerobes and some of the infections they produce include the following genera:\n• Bacteroides (the most commonly found anaerobes in cultures; intra-abdominal infections, rectal abscesses, soft tissue infections, liver infection)\n• Fusobacterium (abscesses, wound infections, pulmonary and intracranial infections)\n• Porphyromonas (aspiration pneumonia, periodontitis)\n• Prevotella (intra-abdominal infections, soft tissue infections) Gram-positive anaerobes include the following:\n• Actinomyces (head, neck, pelvic infections; aspiration pneumonia)\n• Bifidobacterium (ear infections, abdominal infections)\n• Clostridium (gas, gangrene, food poisoning, tetanus, pseudomembranous colitis)
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http://www.lymediseaseassociation.org/\n\nhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/index.htm
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I would say the flesh eating bacteria.  It cannot be contained or cured.
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It is described as a gram-negative, encapsulated, facultative anaerobic, non-spore forming, nonmotile pleomorphic coccobacillus.\n\npleomorphic - Occurring in various distinct forms. In terms of cells, having variation in the size and shape of cells or their nuclei. \n\ncocobacillus- Ovoid
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I believe the ones to really worry about are the "deer ticks", at least that is what we call them in the midwest area.  I also have heard that they must be attached for at least 24-48 hours to transfer Lyme disease. I think that most people get Lyme disease from deer tick nymphs, not adult deer ticks.  Deer tick nymphs are about the size of the period at the end of this sentence.  Hard to believe, but true.  How are you ever going to spot that?  People describe a "moving freckle", if they are seen at all.
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viruses, bacteria, fungi, or protozoan parasites