Why is the salt expressed second in order of a drug name and not first?
435843
Most compounds contain ligands or are charged so as to be physiologically useful to the body. For example, lidocaine is a sulfate salt, as the amine group in the compound is protonated.\n\nThe salt is listed second because it's just a form of the compound (e.g. the way that the compound is being administered).
336969
You answered your own question. They're arranged in order of weight. Okay, they're not in perfect order, but nearly every periodic table lists the ordinal (1,2,3,4...etc) atomic weight right on it.
443854
tetraquadithiocyano cobaltate(III)\n\nThat's tetraqua dithiocyano, which looks confusing because it has a "quad" in it if there's no space. It comes from the four waters (tetraqua) and the two thiocyanates (dithiocyano). Put the anion after the name with a space.\n\nBy the way, the only reason there's a space between cyanocobaltate is because Yahoo Answers cuts off a long word and replaces it with "...". Not sure why.
767788
BEcause Na+ is smaller in size.
837199
K+; its a CATION because it carries a positive charge\nions that have a negative charge are called anions\n\nCa(+2): cation\nGa(+3):  cation\nN(-3): anion\nBr(-):  anion
390378
It's a combination of bad writing and Latin abbreviations.  A doctor writes all day, patient notes, prescriptions - after a while his/her handwritting deteriorates.\n\nHowever, prescriptions (or Rx's) are written in Latin.  So if you were to take a brand of penicillin three times a day for a week it would look like this:\n\nAmoxil 250 mg tid x 1/52 \n\nSee what I mean?  Abbreviations.  Pharmaceutical shorthand.\n\n Examples:\n\nod = once daily\nbid = twice daily\ntid = three times daily\nqid = four times daily\nPO = by mouth\nnocte = at night\n\nAnother example: "one or two every four hours by mouth" looks like this: "i - ii Q4H PO"\n\n:o)
739456
One rule is that the name can't be too close in sound/spelling to another name.  Some drugs have had to change their name due to breaking this rule and doctors/pharmacists have confused the two drugs.  \n\nDrugs are named by marketing people who often hire outside companies who get paid big bucks to come up with the name.  They do market research using focus groups and other methods to see which name is most appealing.  At one time, many names had the letters Z or X in them since it was found they were most appealing to the public (at that time).  Then there are some strange stories about drug names.  The drug Zyrtec is called Reactin in most countries.  In the US, the FDA nixed that idea since they claimed that Reactin implies a reaction is taking place (I don't know what that means).  So, the company reversed the generic name cetyrizine (or something like that) and came up with Zyrtec.  There was a drug called ANSAID which meant "another nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug."  Pretty basic stuff.  Hope that helps...
925164
phosphate\nsulfate\nnitrate\nperchlorate\n\nThe oxidation state of the anion will not change.  These anions simply have a proton (or a couple protons) as the cation instead of a salt.  The name of the acid directly reflects the anion's name.  All the acids you listed had an -ic suffix which implies a fully oxidized state.  The per- prefix on perchloric sugggest it is one step beyond fully oxidized.  \n\nFor example, another oxoacid is sulfurous acid.  The -ous suffix informs us that the oxidation state of the non-oxygen element is lower than those with an -ic ending
570060
I believe it means the 1st, 2nd, 3rd developments/formulas for certain drugs.  Just like you have 1st, 2nd, 3rd cousins.
145093
The stock name for this compound is ammonium phosphate.  \nThis is an ionic compound, which means that it is named with the names of the ions.  The cation (the first ion, positively charged) is NH4+, which is called ammonium.  The anion (the second ion, negatively charged) is called phosphate, PO4(3-).  \nNote that because the entire compound must be neutral, there are three ammonium (+) ions to balance out one 3- PO4 ion.
661119
sodium chloride or salt
1080354
NaCl IS A MOLECULE CALLED TABLE SALT!\nNH3 is not a molecule because the nitrogen atom is not bonded to another atom/atoms using all of its valence electrons and is therefore not a molecule, it is an ion.
657688
because NaCl forms two ions in solution whereas ethylene glycol is a nonelectrolyte. you have to multiply the molality by two for NaCl so the change is twice as big (2 ions)
464975
If you mean NaCl (letter L at the end instead of number one), then, yes, sodium chloride is an ionic compound. In solid form it is NaCl(s), commonly known as table salt.\n\nIn case you're wondering, the formula NaCl is actually considered a "formula unit" rather than a "molecule." In solid form, ionic compounds are 3-D matrices of ions. But when dissolved or solvated in water, the ions become free floating Na+ and Cl- ions rather than individual NaCl units. A formula unit simply shows the lowest whole-number ratio of cations (positively charged ions) to anions (negatively charged ions) given by the formula. Sodium chloride's cation to anion ratio is one sodium cation Na+ per chloride anion Cl-, or 1 to 1.\n\nBy way of contrast, the formula H2O (for water) represents a molecule, because each molecule of water is a distinct unit.
351342
The formulas listed are all correct, but the structure is missing. \n\nhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Cocaine.png\n\nThis link shows the relationship of the atoms to one another, giving a better meaning to the formula. The associated article isn't bad either.
778803
i - 1 tablet or capsules (usually seen with a line over it and dot above)\n\nii - 2 tablets or capsules (usually seen with a line over it and dot above each i)\n\nsl - sublingual\n\nDS - dispense or provide to the patient
979399
I think the answer is in a different wikipedia article cited below.  K and L were originally B and A, but were reassigned alphabetically to leave room for hypothetical lower shells that turned out not to exist.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shell