what are the uses of a plant cell model?
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They're talking about the plant cell model...not the actual plant cells.
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xylem and phloem cells
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Yo man i shall give u a few sites that wil enable u to design the animal cell and then fill in the design with the items u believe will suit.\n\nhttp://www.batesville.k12.in.us/bhs/science/paper_bag_cell_model.htm\n\nhttp://www.batesville.k12.in.us/bhs/science/sponge_cell_model.htm\n\nhttp://www.batesville.k12.in.us/bhs/science/styrofoam_cell_model.htm\n\nhttp://www.cellsalive.com/cells/animcell.htm\n\n\n\n\n\nfurther details: mng_1432@2die4.com
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This project will build a phylogenetically-structured database focusing on gene duplication events and will use a gene-tree database to address functional outcomes of major genome duplication events in dicot plants.\n\nPlant genomics research is poised to provide direct benefits to the agricultural industry. Genetically engineered varieties are already a major component of the US crops of corn, cotton, and soybean. The long-term trend toward increased exploitation of this technology is inevitable. This provides a mechanism for the agricultural industry to lead the world in innovative products that will ensure a more secure world food supply.\n\nTo make this potential a reality, geneticists and molecular biologists must be able to identify genes and manipulate them to achieve desired traits in crops. However, crop plant genomes are complicated in a way that makes this search difficult. One major source of complication is the polyploid ancestry that many or most crop plants have experienced in their evolutionary history. Polyploidy is the phenomenon of an entire doubling of the chromosomal complement, such that each gene occurs in two copies. Many of these duplicates are subsequently lost and some become specialized for new roles; this can occur within a species or through the hybridization of closely related species.\n\nThis source of complexity in plant genomes hampers the effectiveness of efforts at crop improvement by plant geneticists, breeders, and molecular biologists. Sorting out the multiple similar copies in a family of recently duplicated genes to find the one which has retained the desired function is a basic requirement for many kinds of genetic research aimed at crop improvement. In this proposal, Drs. B. Sobral (PI) and A. Dickerman (co-PI) have been funded by the USDA to develop an informatics system that will help sort out these multiplicities. This informatics effort will be complemented by laboratory data generation to find all copies of genes in targeted families and identify which are still functional. The analytical system developed here will be used in collaborative research with plant scientists on the Virginia Tech campus ( Dr. John McDowell ) and at Cornell University ( Dr. Steven Tanksley ) to address genes with direct importance to potential genetic manipulations in crops.\n\nObjectives\n\n    * Build a phylogenetically structured database focusing on gene duplication events.\n    * Build a database to store published phylogenetic trees that bear on agricultural plants. For each tree we would infer reasonable branch-lengths using maximum likelihood on the sequences used to build the tree or a larger set of sequences.\n    * Analyze homology among genes from the core crop species. This will include many members of multi-gene families for which orthology/paralogy relationships are unclear.\n    * Fit gene trees relating the homologous gene sequences onto the structure of the species tree to infer the relative time depths of gene duplication events. The goal is to discover ancient polyploid events and resolve orthology/paralogy relationships in the duplicate genes resulting from the event in descendant species. Use gene-tree database to address functional outcomes of major genome duplication events in dicot plants.\n    * Catalog evidence of specific polyploid events in the history of plants. This includes the search for as yet unknown events as well as adding details to known polyploidies.\n    * Determine how frequently genes are lost versus maintained after a complete genome duplication. We will estimate rates for gene deletion, loss of function through non-sense mutations, amino-acid sequence divergence, and nucleotide divergence.\n    * Determine whether classes of genes can be defined that are lost either faster or more slowly than average. In particular, we will look for differences between metabolic enzyme genes versus signal transduction genes. We will also ask, where possible, whether there is
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There is a page linked below showing how to make a cell model from a styrofoam ball.
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Cell division\nMitosis\nMeiosis\nMetabolism\nProtein synthesis\nNucleic acid synthesis\nEnergy transfer to do work\nRespiration\nPhotosynthesis (in plant cells)\nTransport across cell membrane
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Average plant cell (30mirco meters)\n\naverage neuron (10 microns wide)
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Animal and plant cells share the same basic structures with a few exceptions.  First of all, plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall made of chitin that is extremely important in regulating water levels.  Animals cells have no cell walls.  Plant cells use chloroplast to create their energy, rather than the mitochondria that humans use.  In plant cells, the storage form of glucose is starch, whereas in animal cells it is glucagon.  There are many more small differences, but these three are big ones.
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Yes sure:\n\nAll plant cells have a cell wall. Young growing cells, some storage cells and the photosynthesizing cells of leaves, all parenchyma cells have only a primary cell wall. The primary cell wall is thin and formed while the cell is undergoing growth. The cell wall surrounds the protoplast [cell membrane and all its contents]. Continuous pressure by the fluids inside the cell forces the cell membrane against the cell wall. Between the primary walls of adjacent cells is the middle lamella which cements the two cells together by means of an adhesive substance called pectin. Mature cells which stop growing lay a secondary wall. \n\nThe primary cell wall\n\nThe primary wall begins to form between cells that are completing cell division. A cell plate forms where a new cell wall will divide the two daughter cells. The cell plate forms from the microtubules. Microtubules may guide materials towards the cell plate which grows to the outside by addition of materials such as pectin. Much of the materials that form the cell plate become the pectin-rich middle lamella between the two cell walls of the daughter cells. As soon as this middle lamella is formed cells release structural material to build the primary cell wall.\n\nThe primary cell wall is thin relative to the secondary cell wall and the entire cell. It is generally 1 to 3μm thick. It consists of 9 to 25% cellulose. Cellulose molecules are unbranched and are bound together by means of hydrogen bonding into long cylindrical fibres called microfibrils [4.5-8.5nm thick]. The microfibril is a polymer of glucose made up of 30-40 pairs of cellulose molecules.\n\nCellulose molecules are arranged in a parallel form and thus microfibrils have an incredible high tensile strength relative to their weight. This orientation allows cells to elongate, the microfibrils slip past each other and are pulled along the axis of the cell. Recent and older microfibrils are laid over each other perpendicularly as threads in cloth.\n\nThe cellulose microfibrils are embedded in a matrix composed of celluloses, pectin and protein. The matrix is composed mainly of hemicelluloses which from a branching network filled with water. The primary cell wall contains 25 to 50% hemicelluloses. Pectic substances make up 10 to 35 % of the cell primary cell wall. Primary cell walls also have 10% protein involved in cell growth and recognition of antigens.  \n\nThe primary cell wall is also adapted for growth. During growth, growth regulating hormones are produced. These soften the primary cell wall and the microfibrils layers [perpendicular] move apart and slide past each other in the wall filled matrix. This takes place with the aid of water which is absorbed by the protoplast thus forcing a pressure against the cell wall. Thus the wall is stretching plastically [irreversible] as the cell grows.\n\nWhen the cell stops growing and cell division is complete, synthesis of growth regulating hormones is stopped and the microfibrils become entangled losing the organized parallel orientation. Therefore the microfibrils can no longer slide past each other and thus the primary cell wall resists further growing by means of the entangled microfibrils which have a high tensile strength. This makes cell walls resistant to swelling if placed in water.\n\nThe primary wall is porous allowing passage of water and materials dissolved in water. The pores are about 3.5 to 5.2nm in diameter compared to the 0.3nm of the diameter of water molecules. The water and other materials can thus pass through the cell wall medium which is called the apoplast.\n\nLeaves and young stems are made up of cells that have mainly primary cell walls. They are rigid when water forces a pressure against the cell wall, but wilt when water is lost and internal pressure decreases. Thus water together with primary cell walls provides a hydrostatic skeleton. \n\nThe secondary wall\n\nIn many plant cells, a primary wall is not enough to withstand the extreme
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Use the pastel or whatever the kindergarden kids use.  It is like mud but comes in different colours.  The model should be a representation of the cross-section of your cell.  Use strings and other things to show different structures of the cell.  Some diagrams are drawn in 3D, and that's what your model should look like.  I wish they made us do that in university.  It would be fun.
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Just what it sounds like: producing lots of genetically identical plants.\n\nUnlike animal cloning plant cloning is a natural proccess that plants used for millions of years before humans evolved. Many plants can reproduce identical copies of themsleves from their roots, or by dropped limbs or from other parts of their bodies.\n\nHumans have used plant cloning for as long as we have been farming. Common cloning techniques include the use of cuttings, runners, grafts, splitting of bulbs and the planting of tubers and bulbs.
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This list was found at \n\nhttp://www.duke.edu/~ct37/research.htm\n\nConsiderable efforts are underway to construct a hybrid modeling and simulation environment for in-silico cell simulation. Various approach include multi-timescale and multi-algorithm method from E-Cell group, Hybrid Petri-Net approach, Constraint Programming Model approach etc. Many modeling and simulation tools like E-Cell, StochSim, Gepasi/Copasi, Dynetica (link) and Cellware (link) have been introduced over the years.? However, only Cellware provides solutions to obtaining simulation parameters from experimental results.
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Not sure why this is in engineering, but I assume you mean animal tissue culturing.  It is used a great deal in research, for modeling whole organs or whole animals in tests. It is used for production of antibodies either for research or for antivenom. Also used for detection of viruses (since viruses can only live in a host).  Those are just a few of the major uses.\nIf you are not asking about scope in terms of breadth of area used, but instead microscope, then generally we use a 10X dissecting scope to establish cultures, and a 20X to 40X visible inverted scope for examination of the culture.  There are endless number of microscope types used in tissue culture work, from electron MS, to confocol, 2-photon, etc etc.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_embryogenesis
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http://www.iknow.net/CDROMs/cell_cdrom/index.shtml\n\nCheck this site out! It has both plant and animal cell division! Hope it helps ya!! =o)
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Plant tissue cultures isolated from even a single cell can show variation after repeated subculture. Distinct lines can be selected with their own particular morphology and physiology. It suggests that the tissue culture contains a population of genotypes whose proportion can be altered by imposing an appropriate selection pressure. This variation can be transmitted to plants regenerated from the tissue cultures, and is called somaclonal variation. It provides an additional source of novel variation for exploitation by plant breeders.
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Cuttings - take a piece of the plant, usually stem, and plant it. With luck it will root & grow into a clone of the original plant. (You can also take leaf & root cuttings.)\n\nMicropopagation -take just a few plant cells. Put into a special culture medium & treat with plant hormones. The cells divide and form a callus. Alter the ratio of hormones and the callus grows roots. Alter them again and it then grows leaves. You then have a very small plant.