Use of epoxy to earthquake proof buildings?
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many times my use of epoxy i have seen where the epoxy will hold like mad, but the surrounding material will fail.\n\nso if you think epoxy will keep brick or wood from breaking in a quake i dont think it will....\n\ngorilla glue a uric type of epoxy is just nasty stuff to work with....clean up is hell...dont get it on you...
821158
it seems crazy that sky scrapers can be so high and not fall down on their own.  this is because it is full of materials that have been tested before to failure.  the structural engineer knows that every beam, joist or member has a certain design load capacity.\n\nby figuring out what the design of the building is, what materials will be used and what the different loads will act on the structure, the structural engineer will be able to adequately design a system that can carry the load.\n\nfor example.  a 5 story building is to be built.  the soil needs to be tested to see if it can support the foundation.  depending on how many people will load the floors, structural beams will be designed to support such loads and more.  most structural systems have been done and tested before so there is plenty of documented evidence that a certain structural system will work.\n\nnot to mention that many structural engineers now build their work virtually.  they can apply different simulations e.g. seismic loads to see if their calculations work and see it virtually withstand the loads.\n\nhope this helps.
849993
Ways to prepare for an earthquake are:\n1.  Do not live or work in a structure which is likely to "pancake" in the event of an earthquake.  This would be any multi-story structure which does not have substantial bracing in both horizontal directions.\n2.  For the places you live and work, identify an quick way to get out of the building, so if you fell it start to shake hard, you know how to get out before big things start falling on you.  For lesser shakes, you can protect your self from small things falling by hiding under a very sturdy piece of furniture or standing in a doorway.\n3.  Know where the tall things outside are, like water towers and chimneys and older masonry buildings.  You need to know where these are so that you can stay away from them so that they or pieces of them, do not fall on you.\n4.  Keep a radio with fresh batteries.  After an earthquake, you might need information about where to go for assistance, especially if it turns out that the first place you would think of going is a place that got destroyed.  The radio stations would constantly be broadcasting that type of information.\n5.  Have a few days worth of water and non-perishable food on hand.  That way, if you lose electrical power and the gas supplies are cut, and the water mains break, you can still feed yourself.  If the highways are damaged, the grocery stores will run out of this stuff pretty quickly, so have your own.\n.   Thinking along these lines, I am sure that you can think of some more things that should be done.
329270
Ref. 1 has an interesting comment about some ancient wooden pagodas that use friction dampers at joints to dissipate vibrational energy. Ref. 2 discusses trends in steel, reinforced concrete and wood buildings that were driven by the disastrous 1995 Kobe earthquake.
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Is this a project that requires you to build or write something about earthquakes?\n\nI would suggest building different types of structures (buildings) to see how each would withstand a quake. The only problem with that is you would have to have a way of testing the structures. You can actually use a board underneath the structures & just move the board back & forth.\n\nYou could make a homemade siesmograph machine. Doesn't take much. Look it up on the net.
525987
http://www.sri-hybrid.co.jp/en/damping/index.html\nto know about it too
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hehehehehehe first of all i wud like to say u tht ther is no advantage of earthquakes, everything are disadvantages ok\n\nso as u say u need for your project then i shall surely help but if its the best one (and i know it will be) please give me the best answer ok.\n\nThe disadvantages or the effects of earthquakes are as follows : -\n\n1.GROUND SHAKING : - \nGround shaking is a term used to describe the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. Ground shaking is caused by body waves and surface waves. As a generalization, the severity of ground shaking increases as magnitude increases and decreases as distance from the causative fault increases. Although the physics of seismic waves is complex, ground shaking can be explained in terms of body waves, compressional, or P, and shear, or S, and surface waves, Rayleigh and Love. \n\nP waves propagate through the Earth with a speed of about 15,000 miles per hour and are the first waves to cause vibration of a building. S waves arrive next and cause a structure to vibrate from side to side. They are the most damaging waves, because buildings are more easily damaged from horizontal motion than from vertical motion. The P and S waves mainly cause high-frequency vibrations; whereas, Rayleigh waves and Love waves, which arrive last, mainly cause low-frequency vibrations. Body and surface waves cause the ground, and consequently a building, to vibrate in a complex manner. The objective of earthquake-resistant design is to construct a building so that it can withstand the ground shaking caused by body and surface waves.\n\nIn land-use zoning and earthquake-resistant design, knowledge of the amplitude, frequency composition, and the time duration of ground shaking is needed. These quantities can be determined from empirical (observed) data correlating them with the magnitude and the distribution of Modified Mercalli intensity of the earthquake, distance of the building from the causative fault, and the physical properties of the soil and rock underlying the building. The subjective numerical value of the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale indicates the effects of ground shaking on man, buildings, and the surface of the Earth.\n\nWhen a fault ruptures, seismic waves are propagated in all directions, causing the ground to vibrate at frequencies ranging from about 0.1 to 30 Hertz. Buildings vibrate as a consequence of the ground shaking; damage takes place if the building cannot withstand these vibrations. Compressional waves and shear waves mainly cause high-frequency (greater than 1 Hertz) vibrations which are more efficient than low-frequency waves in causing low buildings to vibrate. Rayleigh and Love waves mainly cause low-frequency vibrations which are more efficient than high-frequency waves in causing tall buildings to vibrate. Because amplitudes of low-frequency vibrations decay less rapidly than high-frequency vibrations as distance from the fault increases, tall buildings located at relatively great distances (60 miles) from a fault are sometimes damaged.\n\n\n2.SURFACE FAULTING : - Surface faulting -- the differential movement of the two sides of a fracture at the Earth's surface-- is of three general types: strike-slip, normal, and reverse (or thrust). Combinations of the strike-slip type and the other two types of faulting can be found. Although displacements of these kinds can result from landslides and other shallow processes, surface faulting, as the term is used here, applies to differential movements caused by deep-seated forces in the Earth, the slow movement of sedimentary deposits toward the Gulf of Mexico, and faulting associated with salt domes.\n\n\nDeath and injuries from surface faulting are very unlikely, but casualties can occur indirectly through fault damage to structures.\n\nSurface faulting, in the case of a strike-slip fault, generally affects a long narrow zone whose total area is small compared with the total area affected by ground shaking. Neverthe
545032
I work with a builder in the DFW area that does that.  Shoot me a message with more specific questions.\n\nThanks, and good luck.
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It can be done structurally, but the cost and time neccessary to do so would make it impractical.  Plus the limitation on the size of window openings and the thickness of the walls in the lower stories would make it ineffecient from a space standpoint.  Chicago's Monadnock Building is an example of a tall, load-bearing masonry office building.
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The below site has the information\n\nPalm-Kernel Shell Concrete For Structural Use – A Preliminary Investigation \n\nhttp://www.ajol.info/viewarticle.php?id=21174
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Typically when a material is refered to as strong, you are refering to its mechanical property can 'Tensile Strength' - How much force you can pull it with before it breaks.\n\nIt terms of what makes one material strong compared to another, is related to many factors - On a microscopic level, basically how easy it is for discontinuities in the material to move.\n\nWith reference to your concrete example, the reason concrete of a skyscraper is strong, primary is because it is steel reinforced; steel bars are embeded inside the concrete - The combination of steel and concrete is a good one because steel is very strong in tension (which concrete is not) but concrete is very good in compression.\n\nWhen you combine different materials like this, the resulting material is refered to as a composite. Composites presently are the best structural materials that we have; examples are fiberglass/polyester and  carbon/epoxy. Carbon/epoxy is extremely popular for aerospace structures because of its high strength and low weight, as well as its durability. When composites first appeared, they were very expensive and limited to really hi-tech applications like aerospace, but today you can find them everywhere - golf club shafts are commonly carbon/epoxy for example.
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Go the web-page below, u will almost all the details:-\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_retrofit
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This site has a sample Building Condition Survey.\nhttp://www.emsc.nysed.gov/facplan/BldgCondSurv.htm
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There are many factors that would determine whether your house would be knocked down by an earthquake or not.\n\nThe most obvious would be the size of the earthquake and your distance from the epicenter. The amount of destruction tends to drop off rapidly with distance from the epicenter.\n\nThe next factor would be what your house is made of.  Wood frame structures tend to stand earthquake stress more readily than a masonry (brick or concrete) building would because the joints between the wood can flex and return to their original form whereas bricks will break apart.  The age of the structure and any earthquake retrofitting will also be a factor.  In homes, one of the most common retrofits is to bolt the house to the concrete foundation so it won't slide off during a quake.\n\nThe third factor is the ground under your house.  There are certain soil types that can magnify the force of the earthquake.  An example of this is the Marina District in San Francisco.  It is largely built on top of debris from the 1906 quake.  During the Loma Prieta quake, the relatively loose rubble vibrated and shifted causing extensive damage to the buildings atop it.
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try Zinc.....sacrficial protection (galvanizing)\n\nyou can also use aluminium, it will react at first but then it will form a tough protective layer of aluminium oxide, which prevents further reaction....it really works
841696
A ring beam ties together the walls of masonry or adobe construction for added earthquake resistance. It is typically made of wood or reinforced concrete and laid along the tops of the walls, and provides tensile strength that masonry lacks, especially at the joints between walls.
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The 1997 Uniform Building Code set the standard on seismic design for buildings.  You might try searching for that on Yahoo!