Where were GMOs created? Why?
440002
your lucky im studying this.lol.the first GMO was created by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer in 1973.and as far as i know ,GMOs were created in the U.S. and are used mostly for altering plants to make new fruits or to change their physical characteristics(ex. color,texture,height,shape)\n\n\nhope this helps
433542
Where is the genetic revolution headed? Without question, it contains great potential for good in the form of better drugs, better medical care, and improved understanding of how living things work. But there is another side to the revolution.\n\n“We want perfect babies,” says Jeremy Rifkin. “We want perfect plants and animals. We want a better economy. There’s no evil intent here. The road to the Brave New World is paved with good intentions.\n\n“Step-by-step, we are deciding to engineer parts of the genetic code of living things. Two important questions emerge: If we’re going to engineer the genetic code, what criteria does this society establish for determining good and bad, useful and dysfunctional genes? And I would like to know whether there is an institution anyone here would trust with the ultimate authority to decide the genetic blueprints for a living thing?”\n\nThese are questions that deserve answers. Who is better equipped than the Creator of DNA to determine what is a good or a bad gene? He is the one who knows the innermost workings of the genetic code, as is shown by David at Psalm 139:13-16: “You kept me screened off in the belly of my mother. I shall laud you because in a fear-inspiring way I am wonderfully made. Your works are wonderful, as my soul is very well aware. My bones were not hidden from you when I was made in secret, when I was woven in the lowest parts of the earth. Your eyes saw even the embryo of me, and in your book all its parts were down in writing, as regards the days when they were formed and there was not yet one among them.” Would you not prefer to trust Him with the ultimate authority to decide the genetic blueprints for all living things?\n\nFor more info visit http://watchtower.org
291565
staart from how and where they originated or why they left wherever they came from
580683
You are talking about Mendel's tallness gene in peas, one of the first genetic studies ever done. The plants produced different levels of gibberellin. Try the links I've given.
1057616
No one found life on Earth as life was made on Earth, we evolvolutionised from bacteria that was by nothing but infectious static.\nAliens found life on Earth and put you on it as everything that I know that is from this planet didn't come from another world we were made from the soil.
550632
Edward O.Wilson, the renowned ecologist, ant expert & all-round cool old guy, doesn't think GMOs are having much effect on anything, and that we should focus our efforts on real problems that need solving, there are plenty of them to go around.\n\nHere's a story on "the biggest study to date" on GMO impact on birds, and its pretty inconclusive:\n\nhttp://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/30028/story.htm
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Biotechnology in one form or another has flourished since prehistoric times. When the first human beings realized that they could plant their own crops and breed their own animals, they learned to use biotechnology. The discovery that fruit juices fermented into wine, or that milk could be converted into cheese or yogurt, or that beer could be made by fermenting solutions of malt and hops began the study of biotechnology. When the first bakers found that they could make a soft, spongy bread rather than a firm, thin cracker, they were acting as fledgling biotechnologists. The first animal breeders, realizing that different physical traits could be either magnified or lost by mating appropriate pairs of animals, engaged in the manipulations of biotechnology. \n\nWhat then is biotechnology? The term brings to mind many different things. Some think of developing new types of animals. Others dream of almost unlimited sources of human therapeutic drugs. Still others envision the possibility of growing crops that are more nutritious and naturally pest-resistant to feed a rapidly growing world population. This question elicits almost as many first-thought responses as there are people to whom the question can be posed. \n\nBiotechnology is “any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms, to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific purposes
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>>>>who found tthe field of modern gentics?\n\nNormaly credited to Gregor Mendel.\n\n>>>and what suger is used in DNA?\n\nRibose\n\n>>>what is crossing over\n\nA transfer of lengths of DNA between chromosomes during meiosis.
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Aliens (Morflocks) built large laboratories on Earth. And they genetically engineered them out of algae slime. But one day the chief Morflok Alien said", Look morflok the morfloks we morfloked are morfloking morfloked". \n\nSo they went into space and directed a large asteroid to strike the Earth near what is now  Bermuda, (effectively killing tourism there for millions of years.  \n\nBasically the Morflocks had decided that many of the dinosaur's temperament was rather unpleasant and quite nasty.  The Morfloks are a happy and joy-full race!\n I like that better than the Earth is only 9,000 years old (what the creationists teach.
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Applications of Genetic ENGINEERING\n\nThe first Genetically Engineered drug was human insulin approved by the USA's FDA in 1982 [1]. Another early application of GE was to create human growth hormone as replacement for a drug that was previously extracted from human cadavers. In 1986 the FDA approved the first genetically engineered vaccine for humans, for hepatitis B[2]. Since these early uses of the technology in medicine the use of the GE has expanded to supply many drugs and vaccines.\n\nOne of the best known applications of genetic engineering is that of the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).\n\nThere are potentially momentous biotechnological applications of GM, for example oral vaccines produced naturally in fruit, at very low cost.\n\nA radical ambition of some groups is human enhancement via genetics, eventually by molecular engineering. See also: transhumanism.\n\nDNA sequencing is a technique which is used to identify each base in DNA. Although the costs of DNA sequencing has dropped dramatically, the NIH estimates it costs at least $10 million to sequence 3 billion base pairs [3] - the size of the whole human genome.\n\n[edit]\nGenetic Engineering and Research\nAlthough there has been a tremendous revolution in the biological sciences in the past twenty years, there is still a great deal that remains to be discovered. The completion of the sequencing of the human genome, as well as the genomes of most agriculturally and scientifically important plants and animals, has increased the possibilities of genetic research immeasurably. Expedient and inexpensive access to comprehensive genetic data has become a reality, with billions of sequenced nucleotides already online and annotated. Now that the rapid sequencing of arbitrarily large genomes has become a simple, if not trivial affair, a much greater challenge will be elucidating function of the extraordinarily complex web of interacting proteins, dubbed the proteome, that constitutes and powers all living things. Genetic engineering has become the gold standard in protein research, and major research progress has been made using a wide variety of techniques, including:\n\nLoss of function, such as in a knockout experiment, in which an organism is engineered to lack the activity of one or more genes. This allows the experimenter to analyze the defects caused by this mutation, and can be considerably useful in unearthing the function of a gene. It is used especially frequently in developmental biology. A knockout experiment involves the creation and manipulation of a DNA construct in vitro, which, in a simple knockout, consists of a copy of the desired gene which has been slightly altered such as to cripple its function. The construct is then taken up by embryonic stem cells, where the engineered copy of the gene replaces the organism's own gene. These stem cells are injected into blastocysts, which are implanted into surrogate mothers. Another method, useful in organisms such as Drosophila (fruit fly), is to induce mutations in a large population and then screen the progeny for the desired mutation. A similar process can be used in both plants and prokaryotes. \nGain of function experiments, the logical counterpart of knockouts. These are sometimes performed in conjunction with knockout experiments to more finely establish the function of the desired gene. The process is much the same as that in knockout engineering, except that the construct is designed to increase the function of the gene, usually by providing extra copies of the gene or attracting more frequent transcription. \n'Tracking' experiments, which seek to gain information about the localization and interaction of the desired protein. One way to do this is to replace the wild-type gene with a 'fusion' gene, which is a juxtaposition of the wild-type gene with a reporting element such as Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) that will allow easy visualization of the products
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It's a sign that you were created by the Pleaidians through genetic engineering. Blacks and Asians were created by other groups of ETs.
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Genetic engineering, genetic modification (GM) and gene splicing are terms for the process of manipulating genes, usually outside the organism's natural reproductive process.\n\nIt involves the isolation, manipulation and reintroduction of DNA into cells or model organisms, usually to express a protein. The aim is to introduce new characteristics or attributes physiologically or physically, such as making a crop resistant to a herbicide, introducing a novel trait, or producing a new protein or enzyme,along with altering the organism to produce more of certain traits. Examples can include the production of human insulin through the use of modified bacteria, the production of erythropoietin in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, and the production of new types of experimental mice such as the OncoMouse (cancer mouse) for research, through genetic redesign.\n\nSince a protein is specified by a segment of DNA called a gene, future versions of that protein can be modified by changing the gene's underlying DNA. One way to do this is to isolate the piece of DNA containing the gene, precisely cut the gene out, and then reintroduce (splice) the gene into a different DNA segment. Daniel Nathans and Hamilton Smith received the 1978 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their isolation of restriction endonucleases, which are able to cut DNA at specific sites. Together with ligase, which can join fragments of DNA together, restriction enzymes formed the initial basis of recombinant DNA technology.\n\nApplications --- :\n\nThe first Genetically Engineered drug was human insulin approved by the USA's FDA in 1982. Another early application of genetic engineering was to create human growth hormone as replacement for a drug that was previously extracted from human cadavers. In 1986 the FDA approved the first genetically engineered vaccine for humans, for hepatitis B. Since these early uses of the technology in medicine, the use of GE has expanded to supply many drugs and vaccines.\n\nOne of the best known applications of genetic engineering is that you can probilize the outcome of offspring. There are potentially momentous biotechnological applications of GM, for example oral vaccines produced naturally in fruit, at very low cost.\n\nA radical ambition of some groups is human enhancement via genetics, eventually by molecular engineering. See also: transhumanism.\n\nGenetic engineering and research\nAlthough there has been a tremendous revolution in the biological sciences in the past twenty years, there is still a great deal that remains to be discovered. The completion of the sequencing of the human genome, as well as the genomes of most agriculturally and scientifically important plants and animals, has increased the possibilities of genetic research immeasurably. Expedient and inexpensive access to comprehensive genetic data has become a reality with billions of sequenced nucleotides already online and annotated. Now that the rapid sequencing of arbitrarily large genomes has become a simple, if not trivial affair, a much greater challenge will be elucidating function of the extraordinarily complex web of interacting proteins, dubbed the proteome, that constitutes and powers all living things. Genetic engineering has become the gold standard in protein research, and major research progress has been made using a wide variety of techniques, including:\n\nLoss of function, such as in a knockout experiment, in which an organism is engineered to lack the activity of one or more genes. This allows the experimenter to analyze the defects caused by this mutation, and can be considerably useful in unearthing the function of a gene. It is used especially frequently in developmental biology. A knockout experiment involves the creation and manipulation of a DNA construct in vitro, which, in a simple knockout, consists of a copy of the desired gene which has been slightly altered such as to cripple its function. The construct is then taken up by
898479
Obviously ethics comes from what one believes is right and wrong and so religious beliefs are always at the forefront of this question.  I personally am not very religious but am infinitely spiritual.  From a strictly religious viewpoint, which may not reflect my own, the Higher Power created all living things, for better or for worse, and each has its own purpose.  Genetic engineering takes the guess work out of "what if".  The answer is known in advance and the end result (hopefully) is that answer.  Most religious objections come from one belief:  that it is the Higher Power's domain to create (and destroy). \nHaving said that, let's go further.  Gregor Mendel was one of the first, and definitely the most recognized, pioneers in genetic engineering.  He worked on altering pea plants.  Some would say no harm, no foul, but we don't have any records as to what "mistakes" were the result of this work.  Surely there are no monster plants that destroy everything in their path that have evolved from there, but then we're talking about small plants.\nFrom a practical standpoint though, as a former engineering student with much field experience,  I know that what goes on paper as a wonderful idea, does not always come out the same in the field as a wonderful invention.  There are always inherent flaws that cannot be predicted, as well as, human error which produces unexpected results.  When an engineering project goes bad, we go back to the drawing board, fix the problem, and either dismantle or alter the resultant product to meet our primary expectations and goals.\nNow, however, we have taken genetic engineering from pea plants to livestock (and maybe even humans).  Higher order organisms, fall under laws.  Animal rights groups use these laws to protect their target group from unlawful treatment and use.  Civil and criminal laws protect humans as far as they can.  Laws, unlike ethics and morals, are curative, not preventative.  Ethics and morals keep us from doing things that we know are wrong (or at least they should) while laws can only remedy or cure what has already happened.  Laws are written down and enforced after the fact, but are only things that have been deemed by lawmakers to be wrong.  Ethics and morals are mental warnings that should keep one from doing the wrong thing beforehand.  This is why sometimes we find the case of something not being illegal, but it is definitely immoral and unethical.\nAll this leads to one thought, which is a big problem with genetic engineering.  If this field were unregulated, what would we do with the unexpected results of human and animal projects.  Would we lock them in a room or cage somewhere until their expiration, would we exterminate them thoughtlessly because they weren't the desired result, or would we simply set them free to run amock around the world with no thought at all as to the results of that action?  And the question of their freedom itself is another thought:  Who has the right to control or contain another human?  Especially if this human were "created" but wasn't what was expected; they would still be a human, but totally under the supervision and control of the ones who "invented" them.  But even if they were the expected result, they would still be in the same position.\nAnd finally, the question of good versus evil.  Since an invention becomes free game, more or less, of anyone who uses it, how would we use and/or regulate the "perfected" science of genetic engineering as it would apply to humans and animals?   Eventually, the evil would infiltrate this field too, and who knows what the effects would be:  Armys of unstoppable Atilla the Hun's and Adolph Hitler's?  Masses of mutated animals (and even humans) that were so dangerous that the world would be on constant quarantine?  Offspring that were nothing like their parents because certain qualities and characteristics had been deem
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http://www.whybiotech.com/index.asp?id=4515
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Genetic Engineering can be used in the production of microbial strains that can synthesise insulin - the protein pancreatic hormone, commonly whose deficient production is the reason for Diabetes. Thus commercial availability of this hormone is made possible. Insulin injections have proved to be a life saver for millions of diabetics worldwide. \n\nFor example, a genetically engineered (transgenic) strain of Escherichia coli (the colon bacterium) is used now for insulin mass production.
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Competition always makes for a better society.  Simply because people always are looking for cheaper, but better...and they usually get it.  \n\nProgress like I just mentioned has lead to transgenic foods...food that is genetically modified.  Americans are eating genetically modified foods faster than they can let their belts out.  Many countries in the world that have hunger problems won't readily accept genetically modified foods, no matter how fat Americans are getting from it.\n\nIn Africa for instance, genetically modified food sits and rots because the people think its poison.  Warehouses full of staples for preventing hunger.  Someone should go and educate these people.
360479
They are great for some developing countries such as those in Africa, but they have SERIOUS problems as well. Some genetically modified crops are created so they cannot reproduce (the seeds are not viable) This means the poor countries using the seed need to buy it from the company every year instead of being able to save their seed and plant the next season's crop with it like farmers have been doing for many thousands of years.\n\nI would say the group most affected by these crops is the companies like Monsanto which create them and get rich off it. \n\nThere are some cases where plants like rice have been modified to cure diseases by carrying certain vitamens like vitamen A. When people eat the rice, they get the nutrients they need and in this example blindness is prevented in some Asian countries.