After restriction enzymes cut the DNA Strand in half, does it become 2 strands of DNA or RNA?
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Restriction enzymes are cutting enzymes found in bacteria. They cut within the DNA molecule and are called restriction endonucleases. They recognize a specific sequence 0f DNA nucleotides and cut the molecules there, producing sticky ends. A missing gene is then added. Another enzyme, DNA ligase, attaches back the DNA molecule. So, of course you end up with two DNA strands. The new DNA produced is known as recombinant DNA. This technology is used in human therapy. Some examples are: human insulin to treat diabetes type I and human factor VIII for the treatment of hemophilia.
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You get a continuous and discontinuous strand because DNA polymerase only makes DNA in 1 direction (5` to 3`).  The continuous strand is in that orientation anyway, so you get a nice long replication.  The opposit strand is oriented 3` to 5` relative to the polymerase, so the replication has to be broken down into multiple, short, 5` to 3` segments so that replication can occur within the same polymerase macromolecule.\n\nI had to mention  DNA polymerase, it's really impossible to explain this without saying something about how it works :P I did leave out RNA primers though!  If anyone else is curious, the RNA primers are the site of the initiation of replication of each little Okazaki fragment.
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-Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.\n- Their building blocks are nucleotides.\n- They both have phosphate.\n- They both have a 5-C sugar eventhough the sugar is different(deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA)\n- They both have 4 nitrpgeneous bases.\n- 3 of the bases are common to both: adenine, cytosine and guanine.
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Triple stranded DNA is a structure that is formed when a third strand (DNA is normally two strands) pairs with a double stranded coil in an unusual manner. Unlike the normal A-T or G-C basepairing defined by Watson and Crick, the third strand undergoes Hoogsteen basepairing, which allows its unusual confirmation. Although this was postulated by several scientists (even Linus Pauling) it has only been found once in nature, as an intermediate product during DNA recombination.
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RFLP stands for Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. This is technology that takes advantage of the millions of single-base differences within our DNA between individuals.\n\nThe way it works is using a class of enzymes called restriction enzymes. These are naturally occuring enzymes that recognize specific DNA sequences and cut within or very closely within those sequences in a predictable nature.\n\nTake a look at the fig on this web page for help picturing how restriction enzymes cut: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/R/RestrictionEnzymes.html\n\nBecause of the various single-base differences between individuals, the number of recognition sequences for variouis restriction enzymes will differ in number within a particular stretch of DNA between individuals.\n\nSo, if you were to cut the DNA of two different individuals with the same suite of enzymes (you usually use 3 or more enzymes to increase the chances to get significant differences in the final restriction products), you would expect different patterns of products. You can use these different patterns to distinguish between the two.\n\nBy patter of products I'm referring to the different number of fragments produced from the restriction enzymes used for a particular stretch of DNA.\n\nAs the target DNA gets chopped up into smaller pieces by the restriction enzymes they produce different length fragments based on how many bases are between the different recognition sequences. Sometimes the differences can be as little as 1-2 bases in length when comparing fragments from two different individuals. The more DNA stretches you look at and the more enzymes you use, you can start to distinguish between individuals with more and more confidence.
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Restriction enzymes, also called restriction nucleases (EcoRI in this example) , surrounds the DNA molecule at the point it seeks(sequence GAATTC). It cuts one strand of the DNA double helix at one point and the second strand at a different, complementary point (between the G and the A base). The separated pieces have single stranded "sticky-ends," which allow the complementary pieces to combine. \n\nThe newly joined pieces are stabilized by DNA ligase.\n\nEcoRI, one of many restriction enzymes, is obtained from the bacteria Escherichia coli.
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Light is absorbed by double bonds and as are more double bonds in double stranded DNA, more light is absorbed by the double bonds.\n\nThe double bonds are in the DNA bases.
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there sugar groups\n\nDNA had no oxygen on carbon 2 so Deoxyribose\n\nand RNA does have an oxygen on carbon two Ribose\n\nanything with 'ose' denotes a sugar for example glucose fructose
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I think you may need to rephrase the question.  What are you crosslinking the DNA to?  Usually you use the term crosslinking when you are trying to map where a protein interacts with the DNA.  This is done with UV light.  Exposure to UV light causes lesions in DNA.  Two Major types are 8-oxoguanosine and thymine dimers.  If a protein is bound to the DNA, it will protect the guanosine bases from becoming oxidized.  If you add a reagent that cleaves the 8-oxoG's, then you can map the difference in the cleavage pattern.  If a G is not cleaved when the protein is bound to the DNA, then you know that the protein interacts with that G.  \n\nHere's a link to a protocol, but its for RNA, simular idea though\n\nhttp://www.bioprotocol.com/protocolstools/protocol.jhtml;jsessionid=KZJTNAD1G4YANR3FQLMSFEWHUWBNQIV0?id=p517
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1. Gene transformation\n2. Junk DNA\n3. Major Histocompatibility Complex - MHC\n4. X-linked\n\nBy the way okazaki fragments are bits of DNA formed during the replication process.
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it's not 1 or 2 because they're nucleotide bases\n\n3 is the only chioce left
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RNA\nRibonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. RNA nucleotides contain ribose rings and uracil unlike deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains deoxyribose and thymine. It is transcribed (synthesized) from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and further processed by other enzymes. RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.\n\nComparison with DNA\nUnlike DNA, RNA is almost always a single-stranded molecule and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. RNA contains ribose, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA (there is a hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position whereas RNA has two hydroxyl groups). These hydroxyl groups make RNA less stable than DNA because it is more prone to hydrolysis. Several types of RNA (tRNA, rRNA) contain a great deal of secondary structure, which help promote stability.\n\nLike DNA, most biologically active RNAs including tRNA, rRNA, snRNAs and other non-coding RNAs (such as the SRP RNAs) are extensively base paired to form double stranded helices. Structural analysis of these RNAs have revealed that they are not, "single-stranded" but rather highly structured. Unlike DNA, this structure is not just limited to long double-stranded helices but rather collections of short helices packed together into structures akin to proteins. In this fashion, RNAs can achieve chemical catalysis, like enzymes. For instance, determination of the structure of the ribosome in 2000 revealed that the active site of this enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation is composed entirely of RNA.\n\nand\n\nDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life or a virus. All known cellular life and some viruses have DNAs. DNA is a long polymer of nucleotides (a polynucleotide) that encodes the sequence of amino acid residues in proteins, using the genetic code.\n\nYou could get more information from the 2 links below...
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4.  DNA is double stranded so if it replicates once you have four strands.
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DNA is made up of 3 units- \nDeoxy ribose sugar\nPhosphate\nNitrogen Base\n\nThe sugar and phospate form the backbone and the bases are attached to it at 90 degrees. Another complementary strand makes up this double helix. The bases of one strand are attached to those of the other by hydrogen bonds. \nAdenine//Thymine\nCytosine///Guanine\nThere's still a lot to describe- It's a 10 marks-question at University , you know.\n\nHey Sasha:\n"ALL OF THEM. each three purines (half steps) are called a genome and they code for one amino acid. "\n\nThe half steps, as you call them, could be either purines or pyrimidines. THEY ARE NOT CALLED A GENOME. Three nitrogen bases that code for one amino acid are called  TRIPLET CODONS. \nA genome is the whole genetic material of an organism.
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RNA starts at promoter\n\nDNA needs primer to start
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Although sometimes called "the molecule of heredity", DNA macromolecules as people typically think of them are not single molecules. Rather, they are pairs of molecules, which entwine like vines to form a double helix (see the illustration at the right).\n\nEach vine-like molecule is a strand of DNA: a chemically linked chain of nucleotides, each of which consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate and one of five kinds of nucleobases ("bases"). Because DNA strands are composed of these nucleotide subunits, they are polymers.\n\nThe diversity of the bases means that there are five kinds of nucleotides, which are commonly referred to by the identity of their bases. These are adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). U is rarely found in DNA except as a result of chemical degradation of C, but in some viruses, notably PBS1 phage DNA, U completely replaces the usual T in its DNA. Similarly, RNA usually contains U in place of T, but in certain RNAs such as transfer RNA, T is always found in some positions. Thus, the only true difference between DNA and RNA is the sugar, 2-deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA.\n\nIn a DNA double helix, two polynucleotide strands can associate through the hydrophobic effect and pi stacking. Specificity of which strands stay associated is determined by complementary pairing. Each base forms hydrogen bonds readily to only one other -- A to T and C to G -- so that the identity of the base on one strand dictates the strength of the association; the more complementary bases exist, the stronger and longer-lasting the association.\n\nThe cell's machinery is capable of melting or disassociating a DNA double helix, and using each DNA strand as a template for synthesizing a new strand which is nearly identical to the previous strand. Errors that occur in the synthesis are known as mutations. The process known as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) mimics this process in vitro in a nonliving system.\n\nBecause pairing causes the nucleotide bases to face the helical axis, the sugar and phosphate groups of the nucleotides run along the outside; the two chains they form are sometimes called the "backbones" of the helix. In fact, it is chemical bonds between the phosphates and the sugars that link one nucleotide to the next in the DNA strand.
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its deoxyribose:  DNA is an acronym for deoxyribo-nucleic-acid\nwhereas; RNA stands for ribo-nucleic-acid, and contains ribose, instead of deoxyribose.