What is the point in transformation in microbes? What uses does it have?
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One way that transformation can be helpful for bacteria is that this is a main way for the bacterium to gain genes for antibiotic resistance, environmental stress resistance (like heat or pH), or an advantage against the host's immune system.  Think of it as a big "fruit basket turnover" where one bacterium's DNA (along with its advantages) can be trasferred to another bacterium simply by the cells making contact.\n\nAnother example is that scientists use transformation as a tool in molecular biology.  We can put our DNA of interest into a bacterial cell (usually E. coli) and basically make it do whatever we want it to do.  It's a pretty handy trick, actually.
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In humans aerobic resp is responsible for most of our ATP production\n\nhowever we are not the only organisms to capitolise on oxygen\n\nAEROBIC means oxygen using\n\nmany bacteria are aerobic\n\nmany bacteria produce chemicals and amines which are usefull to us.\n\nan example being hormones and antibiotics\n\nendocrinologly depts use bacteria to produce hormones and antibiotics on an industrial scale to feed the growing need of each\n\nplasmids can be altered to make a bacteria species produce a required protein on large scales.\n\nGrowth hormone and many many vaccines are produced this way.(INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO and ECO)\n\nwithout these aerobic organsims and their modifiable plasmds we would not be able to produce hormones and anti bio's on an inndustrial scale.\n\nhence their significance
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Mutagenesis is basically where one can change the molecular structure ( ultimately function) of a protein/molecule. This can be achieved via the use of chemicals and specific ligands which knowck out nucleotides froma DNA sequence. Thus allowing scientists to see the effects on a particular organism/molecule. One nucleotide difference can be suffiicent to change the whole organism. Site directed mutageneis as the name suggests is where a known area of a sequence be it bacteria/virus or another species is though to possess elements which may be resposbile for say cancer. Hence knoecking these "bits" out specifically means  one can see its direct effects.
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c) The metabolic purpose of fermentation is to ...regenerate NAD+ from NADH.
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the use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes. Applications include production of certain drugs, synthetic hormones, and bulk foodstuffs.
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You're trying to design a medium?  Your question is mighty unclear.  \n\nAnyway, you include toxic compounds for many reasons, the main one is that if you have a particular bacterium engineered to to do a particular function, you design a co-effecting gene that permits the bacterium live in the presence of the toxic compund, and die if it loses the ability to survive in it.  This ensures that if the engineered genes are unstable, both genes are likely to fail, thus any defects or errors in the plasmid or inserted sequence that does your valuable work and allows it to survive in the toxic compounds will kill the bad batches.\n\npH indicators you insert for certain types of bacteria to determine the age (if acid or basic products are developed from the metabolism), resource availability (i.e. if the culture needs to be transferred to new media) and if what you have is contaminated or not (i.e. if you have a sample that's supposed to be always neutral or at a certain pH and suddenly your indicators start going bananas... not good.)\n\nAnd for the rest, you design differential/selective media for the single purpose of making sure your samples are pure and devoid of other species (eliminates the competition) and that if anything goes wrong, that it doesn't go wrong with your whole batch.  \n\nAlways flame your loops :)
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Good question.  \n\nFirst biotechnology is essentially the use of bacteria or yeast or products of these living organism like enzymes for the use or production of drugs.  It has many other applications like alternating certain bacteria to be able to eat and degrade oil spills, for instance.  Over the past 2-3 decades we have made tremedulous strides in understanding the mechanisms of cells.  In the process, we have developed new technology to be able to manipulate cellular function.  For instance, mass producing strands of DNA, being able to insert these code sequences into bacterium dna,  forcing the bacterium to make these codes into proteins which benefit the whole of society.\n\nWhat is the difference between the pharmaceuticals and biotech.  In general pharmaceutical companies make medications by chemical reaction.\n\nBiology is a must.  It provides the foundation for later studies.  Yes high school biology can be a drag. ( i always hated learning about different plant reproduction or different dinosaur era or evolution.)  But stick with it cause.  The courses become more advanced when you go to college.
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It is the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on human.living things too small to be seen with unaided eye are called microorganisms.they are important in the maintenance of an ecological balance on earth.\n        In 1665,Robert hooke introduced the cell.in 1673,Anton van leewenhoek used a simple  microscope to observe microorganisms.in 1668,Francesco redi demonstrated maggots appear on decaying meat only when flies are able to lay eggs on the meat.in 1745,John needham demonstrated that microorganisms could arise spontaneously from heated nutrient broth.in 1765,Lazzaro spallanzani repeated needham's experiment and suggested his results were due to microorganisms in the air entering his broth.in 1858,Rudolf virchow described concept of biogenesis .living cells can  arise only from preexisting cells.in 1861, Louis pasteur demonstrated microorganisms are in the air everywhere and offered proof  of biogenesis.\n          Rapid advances in the science of microbiology were made between 1857 and 1914.Pasteur found that yeast ferment sugars to alcohols and that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol  to acetic acid.A heating process called pasteurization is used to kill bacteria in some alcoholic beverages  and milk.\n\nmodern developments:\n          study of AIDS,analysis of action of interferons and the development of new vaccines is the current research in microbiology.new techniques in molecular biology and electron microscopy have provided tools for advancement of our knowledge of virology.development of rDNA technique ,has helped advance all areas of microbiology.
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some bacteriophages were radiolabelled with radioactive phosphorous and sulhur. the sulphur bound to the external  protein coat hile the phosphorous bound to the nucleic acid inside. now, these pahges were allowed to infect a bacterial colony. the infected bacterial colony was then separated and subject to centifugation. it revelaed that while the radioactive sulphur was leftbehind in the phages, the bacterium had contracted the radioactive phosphorous. it was suggested that this was because once the phage infected the bacterium, they transfered their DNA into the bacterium. this is called transformation. this has now been verified by other methods. transformation is a very important method for genetic mutation studies.
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The evolutionary point is that its a mechanism that allows relatively slow reproducing creatures like ourselves to recombine DNA in a quicker but sort of controled way than would be possible otherwise. \nThis allows us to keep pace in the constant arms race with prokaryotic and simple eukaryotic infectious organsims which rely on random mutations and there rapid lifecycles to adapt.
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The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes. Applications include the production of certain drugs, synthetic hormones, and bulk foodstuffs as well as the bioconversion of organic waste and the use of genetically altered bacteria in the cleanup of oil spills. \n\nThe application of the principles of engineering and technology to the life sciences; bioengineering. \nSee ergonomics.
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Yes it does, it just takes a while for to get back to normal numbers.  That all depends on how fast the bacteria goes through its cycle of dividing to copy itself.
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Biotechnology employs the use of microorganisms like bacteria and yeasts and biological substances like enzymes in various industrial and manufacturing processes. Generally, biotechnology has applications in agriculture, food science, and medicine. These various applications include: \n\nUse in drugs, synthetic hormone, and bulk foods \n\nUse in the conversion of organic waste \n\nUse of some genetically altered bacterial forms in cleaning up oil spills.
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A transgenic organism is one whose genome has been subject to artificial modification. A transgenic organism may result when foreign DNA is inserted into the nucleus of a fertilized embryo. Bacterial transformation is another example of a process that leads to a transgenic organism.\n\nScientists are always doing this to gain knowledge.
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The only thing I've used it for is to assess whether a target gene was successfully uptaken and expressed in gene transfection, by using a gene that had the GFP gene attached to it.\n\nWikipedia also mentions it being used in the production of biosensors and it is put next to genes in developing organisms to see where and when genes are being expressed.
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It is selected media for growth of different micro organisms.It is acidic in nature.You can buy it from some pharmacuitial company.(depends where r u on globe)\n(Pick ur best answer)
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I gave a lecture on this recently and have had first hand experience with this technology in a lab, so let me give you a brief and easy summary to take with you about this topic about Recombinant DNA Technology:\n\nIn order to clone you need 2 things: Bacterial DNA (the circular form called a "plasmid"), and the DNA you want to clone (be it human, mouse, plant, other species etc)\n\nThen you will need to cut the Bacterial DNA with enzymes called "endonucleases" that work like scissors. (So imagine a circle and I take a pair of scissors and cut the circle at some point in it, b/c I want to insert the foreign DNA (non native DNA) where I had cut.) I will have to do the same with the foreign DNA and have endonucleases cut OUT the particular piece i want cloned. \n\nThen we can put the two pieces together, the cut circular plasmid DNA from the bacteria, and the CUT out piece of foreign DNA. \n\nWhen we put the two pieces together it is called "ligation", and it is done as a reaction in a tube with enzymes inside that "glue" the "sticky ends" of the bacteria DNA to the foreign DNA. \n\nAfter the reaction normally done in a 16 deg. Celsius water bath, we now will have "circular" plasmids with our Foreign DNA inserted into the bacterial DNA (the circle DNA)\n\nThen we would re-insert this DNA back into the bacterial host (that the circle DNA first came out of) in a process called "transformation", this is where the broth from the water bath we just discussed is grown in a growth medium at 37 deg. celsius so that the bacteria can grow and produce MORE of those circle plasmids with our foreign DNA inserted into it. \n\nThen we would "plate" these onto agar plates, and let them grow in incubators at 37 deg. Celsius over night until we get small colonies of bacteria on the plate. \n\nEach "mound" of bacteria (small like white dots on the plate) contains millions of copies of our gene (inserted in the circular plasmid DNA of the bacteria). \n\nNow we can take these small colonies, and harvest them further, by putting them in large Erlenmeyer flasks to be grown in the same "growth broth" over night on a shaker for 37 deg. celsius. \n\nAfter of which we can harvest, and purify that culture so that only the circular plasmids remain (this is a long and convuluted process so we won't go into it in detail here), and from there you can store those in a 4 deg. Celsius fridge and keep it in stock for further research purposes. \n\nHope that helps!