what are the functions of GABA(gamma-aminobutyric acid)?
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GABA is required as an inhibitory neurotransmitter to block the transmission of an impulse from one cell to another in the central nervous system, which prevents over-firing of the nerve cells.\n\nIt is also used for brain metabolism and to treat both epilepsy and hypertension where it is thought to induce tranquility in individuals who have a high activity of manic behavior and acute agitation.\n\nIn combination with inositol and nicotinamide it helps with blocking anxiety and stress related impulses from reaching the motor centers of the brain.\n\nGamma-Aminobutyric Acid can be used to calm a person, much like tranquilizers, but without the possibility of addiction.\n\nSee the link below for more information.
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Proteins, amino acids.
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Absolutely-glutamate, the primary exitatory amino acid, binds to a number of postsynaptic receptor, including AMPA (sodium channel), NMDA (calcium channel), and metabotropic (second-messenger mediated) channels.  However, those are all "glutamate-specific".  Glutamate would not bind to an Ach receptor, and vice-versa, except perhaps to modulate it's function somewhat.
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Function\nThe superior temporal gyrus includes an area (within the Sylvian fissure) where auditory signals from the cochlea (relayed via several subcortical nuclei) first reach the cerebral cortex. This part of the cortex (primary auditory cortex) is involved in hearing. Adjacent areas in the superior, posterior and lateral parts of the temporal lobes are involved in high-level auditory processing. In humans this includes speech, for which the left temporal lobe in particular seems to be specialized. Wernicke's area which spans the region between temporal and parietal lobes plays a key role (in tandem with Broca's area, which is in the frontal lobe). The functions of the left temporal lobe are not limited to low-level perception but extend to comprehension, naming, verbal memory and other language functions.\n\nThe underside (ventral) part of the temporal cortices appear to be involved in high-level visual processing of complex stimuli such as faces (fusiform gyrus) and scenes (parahippocampal gyrus). Anterior parts of this ventral stream for visual processing are involved in object perception and recognition.\n\nThe medial temporal lobes (near the sagittal plane that divides left and right cerebral hemispheres) are thought to be involved in episodic/declarative memory. Deep inside the medial temporal lobes, the hippocampi seem to be particularly important for memory function, and they also seem to play a part in controlling spatial behavior
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Based on the 2 conditions above, there are 4 functions.\n\nDigestive:\n\n * Production of Bile\n\nBile contains bile salts which help emulsify lipids (fats) into small oil globules.  Remember, Bile does not digest fats.  It 'chops' up fat in to smaller molecules so as to increase the surface area for enzymatic reactions.--> faster\n\n\n\nExcretory:\n\n * Deamination of excess protein (amino acids)\n\nThe toxic amino group is removed, converted to urea and is passed to the kidneys to be excreted.\n\n\n * Breakdown of red blood cells\n\nAlthough most of the breakdown of the RBCs occur in the spleen, products from the RBCs are sent to the liver for storage purposes.\n\n\n* Detoxification\n\nSolid matter are broken down by phagocytosis.  Bio-chemical conversion of soluble substances (e.g. drugs, alcohol) into harmless substances
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Impulses at the synapse can be altered by:\n\n1.) Up-or-down regulation of receptors\n\n2.) Levels of enzymes that break down excess neurotransmitters (such as MAO, monoamine-oxidase).\n\n3.) Release of Nitric Oxide by post-synaptic neuron\n\n4.) Inhibitory synapse at axon
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Its overall function is to collect information about the external conditions in relation to the body's internal state, to analyze this information, and to initiate appropriate responses to satisfy certain needs (Maintain Homeostasis). The most powerful of these needs is survival.
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What is Valium (diazepam)? \n\n •  Valium (diazepam) is in a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. Valium (diazepam) affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety, seizures, and muscle spasms. \n •  Valium (diazepam) is used to relieve anxiety, nervousness, and tension associated with anxiety disorders. It is also used to treat certain types of seizure disorders and muscle spasms. \n\n\nWhat is Xanax? \n •  Xanax is in a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. Xanax affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety. \n •  Xanax is used to relieve anxiety, nervousness, and tension associated with anxiety disorders. Xanax is also used to treat panic disorders. \n\n\nI have taken both. Although people have different reactions to medications I personally founf Valium to be a stronger medication.
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A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells – neurons – usually by interacting with membrane proteins and ion channels. Many of the venoms and other toxins that organisms use in defense against vertebrates are neurotoxins. A common effect is paralysis, which sets in extremely rapidly. Examples of neurotoxins include tetrodotoxin, batrachotoxin and components of the venom in bees, scorpions, spiders and snakes.
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Cells are the basic building blocks of life. Their main goal is to maintain homeostasis, the way this is done is by using organic and inorganic molecules. Organic molecules are compounds containing carbons, whereas inorganic molecules are compounds that don't have carbon.  \n\nOne of the cells' main function is to make energy. The way it makes energy is via the Kreb Cycle, where it uses  organic molecules such as glucose, and breaks it down into energy ATP  another organic molecule. \n\nAnother function is Reproduction/Replication...cells use RNA (organic molecule) to make DNA (organic molecule).\n\nIf you look at cells on a larger scale, such as tissues...  note that there are four types of tissues: nervous tissues, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and  epidermal tissue.... if you look at the nervous tissue in order for a signal to be transmitted from the brain to the muscle,  neurons have to be able to send the message from the brain to the muscle using action potentials, which use inorganic molecules such as sodium and potassium, in the ion channels in a voltage sensitive gate.  Due to diffusion and osmosis, the ion gates open and close based on concentration levels of sodium and potassium and also based on the action potential. \n\nNote: that you question is very broad and requires not only the knowledge of basic biology but systemic physiology as well. If you want more answers or something you may email me.
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There are many, many neurotransmitters, and I doubt that we've managed to identify them all.\n\nThe primary excitatory NT is glutamate, and the primary inhibitory NT is GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).  Other prominent and important NTs include acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine,  and norepinephrine.\n\nIf you're mining for a research paper, that should help you get started.  Beyond that, I'm afraid your question doesn't make much sense.
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Both:\n\nNeurotransmitters bond to activation sites to stimulate gates to open to pass on a signal along a signal transdunction line. Then the neurotransmitters break apart and inhibit the signal from going past the synapse. However, they are mainly stimulatory, since the only way they inhibit a signal is by breaking apart. So i guess i would actually say they stimulate gates to open
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B6 is for energy. It helps the body make amino acids which are required for several major functions in the body including the generation of energy. It is called an "energy-releasing water-soluble vitamin."\n\nB12 deficiency can lead to anemia or neurologic disorders due to progressive demyelination of nervous tissue.  So B12 helps maintain signal transduction and helps prevent anemia. It is called a "hematopoitic water-soluble vitamin."
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L-arginine is considered a semi-essential amino acid and is thought of as one of the bodybuilding amino acids because the body uses it to release growth hormone. Human growth hormone is used by the body to build muscle strength and tone and to enhance the burning of fats. L-arginine is important in the urea cycle for the metabolism of ammonia produced in the breakdown of protein. L-arginine also stimulates the production of nitric oxide which supports vasodilation.\n\nhttp://lookup.herballoveshop.com/search?q=l+arginine&site=my_collection&client=my_collection&proxystylesheet=my_collection&output=xml_no_dtd&filter=p&getfields=PID.price.ProductImage.Rating.description.mytitle.details
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Gabapentin is the generic name for neurontin.\n\n Gabapentin is used with other medications to help control seizures in adults and children (3 years of age and older). It is also used to relieve nerve pain associated with shingles (herpes zoster) infection in adults.\n\nOTHER USES: Gabapentin may also be used to treat other nerve pain conditions (e.g., diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia).
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We all need amino acids to send signals out to the neorons in our bodies.  If we lack in amino acids and the proper vitamins we need, then we break down in all functions including memory, that is what I believe anyway and have read about.
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A) Aerobic respiration\n\nNeurons use an enormous amount of ATP to operate the Na+/K+ pump. Aerobic respiration produces an enormous amount of ATP (36 ATP per 1 glucose). Neurons therefore utilize aerobic respiration.\n\nThe other answers do not make sense. \n\nAnaerobic glycolysis provides very little ATP (2 ATP per 1 glucose). Creatine phosphate provides little ATP and is localized in the muscle. Stored glycogen only directly provides glucose for glycolysis. Catabolism of DNA would lead to the death of the organism, or at least mutagenesis.