What is fragmentation? When can external fragmentation occur and how is it overcome?
437562
External fragmentation is the phenomenon where the free space, the space still available for use, in a piece of storage becomes divided into many small pieces. It is caused over time by allocating and deallocating ("freeing") pieces of the storage space of many different sizes. The result is that, although one may have plenty of free space, one may not be able to use it all, or at least use it as efficiently as one would like to.For example, in dynamic memory allocation, a block of 1000 bytes might be requested, but the largest contiguous block of free space, or memory hole, has only 300. Even if there are ten blocks of 300 bytes of free space, separated by allocated regions, one still cannot allocate the requested block of 1000 bytes.\nExternal fragmentation also occurs in file systems as many files of different sizes are created, change size, and are deleted. The effect is even worse if a file which is divided into many small pieces is deleted, because this leaves similarly small regions of free space.
606473
Quite frankly, we don't know. Like listed above, there is a variety of smaller particles that we have been able to smash an atom into. However, each time we build a bigger smasher, we get new particles. The thought is that there is a fundamental particle that is no longer divisible, but I don't think science has commited to it yet.
857063
Quick clean would be the best in this case, because defrag will not of much effect in this specific case, and defrag takes a lot of time.
498813
Seems to me we talked about this yesterday.\n\nThe collision theory states that the stronger and more frequent the collisions are between particles, the more quickly and more dramatic the reactio will be.  So think in terms of collisions.  Which will allow more collisions to take place?  a big chunk or a bunch of little pieces?\nWhy a bunch of little pieces of course!  More particles available, more collisions.  Notice too that the other factors are all constant, the temperature and the concentration of acid.
870737
By making more partitions  it may slow down the system. I can give you a link that deals with hard drive problems. Some RAM/hard drive problems can be easily fixed yourself by using easily available tools. I found the info at http://fixit.in  useful. Try this site, if you can get what is required.
434909
TRY RUNNING DISK DEFRAGMENTER SUCH ALL SEPERATED FILES GETS JOINED UP...DELETE ALL UNNECCESSARY FILES AND FOLDERS.
916809
The problem\n\nWhen most computers delete a file, they do not actually remove the contents of the file. Instead, they simply unlink the file from the file directory system, leaving the contents of the file in the disk sectors. This data will remain there until the operating system reuses those sectors to write new data. Until the old data is overwritten (and this may take months or longer), it can be recovered by programs that read disk sectors directly, such as forensic software (so called because it is used to obtain evidence in criminal investigations and also in legal discovery).\n\nIn addition even if a sector is overwritten the phenomenon of data remanence can make deleted data forensically recoverable.\n\nIn order to be sure that a deleted file is really deleted, it is necessary to overwrite the data sectors of that file. This process is not simply “erasing” or “formatting” the drives; this is not sufficient, as there are numerous tools available to recover “lost” data on disk drives.\n\n Clearing\n\nClearing is the removal of sensitive data from storage devices in such a way that there is assurance, proportional to the sensitivity of the data, that the data may not be reconstructed using normal system capabilities, i.e., through the keyboard. (This may include use of data recovery utilities and advanced diagnostic routines.)\n\nClearing can be used when the secured physical environment (where the media was used) is maintained. In other words, the media is reused within the same computer and environment previously used.\n\nIn an operational computer, clearing can usually be accomplished by an overwrite of unassigned system storage space, provided the system can be trusted to provide separation of the storage space and unauthorized users. For example, a single overwrite of a file or all system storage, if the circumstance warrants such an action, is adequate to ensure that previous information cannot be reconstructed through a keyboard attack, provided the system can be trusted to provide separation of system resources and unauthorized users. Software used for clearing should be under strict configuration controls.\n\nSimply removing pointers to a file, which is all that occurs when a file is deleted in most operating systems, will not generally render the previous information unrecoverable through normal system capabilities. Likewise, reformatting, repartitioning, reghosting or reimaging a system is not guaranteed to write to every area of the disc, even though it will cause the disc to appear as empty to most programs.\n\n Purging\n\nPurging is the removal of sensitive data from a system or storage device in such a way that there is assurance, proportional to the sensitivity of the data, that the data may not be reconstructed through open-ended laboratory techniques. A computer must be disconnected from any external network before a purge. Purging must be used when the secured physical environment (where the media was used) will not be maintained. In other words, media scheduled to be released from a secure facility to a non-secure facility or environment should be purged.\n\nThe United States Department of Defense (DoD) has approved both overwriting and degaussing for purging data, although the effectiveness of overwriting cannot be guaranteed without examining each specific situation. DoD documents like [NISPOM] often refer to purging as "sanitization".[1]\n\nSoftware for purging\n\nTo purge the AIS storage media, the DoD requires overwriting multiple times in a prescribed pattern. The number of times an overwrite must be accomplished depends on the storage media, sometimes on its sensitivity, and sometimes on differing DoD component requirements. Software developers must design the software such that the software continues to write to all addressable locations on the media, in spite of intermediate errors. All such errors in usable sectors should be reported with a listing of current content. U
759068
how often do you defrag the computers (once a week)\n\nand once a month - check disk - to repair any defective sectors
1090046
A cluster is a "chunk" of data. The way data is stored on your hard drive is in what they call sectors and clusters. A sector is typically about 4,000 bytes, and a file can span many, many sectors. A cluster is a group of sectors, and again, a file can have many clusters.\n\nThese clusters can be spread out all over the disk drive (fragmentation). After reading and writing many files to a disk, some clusters may be flagged as being used even though they do not contain any data. These are called "lost clusters" and can be fixed using ScanDisk on Windows or the Disk Utility program on the Mac. \n\nIn fact, ScanDisk is probably your best bet for fixing this. Generally these lost clusters are not something to worry about. They're considered "lost" because they don't contain data and aren't associated with a file, but are flagged as being used and unavailable to the system. \n\nYou want to make sure you defragment your hard drive on a regular basis - once a month is not too often. Or, spend a few dollars on a product called Diskkeeper, which keeps your disk defragmented all the time.\n\nhttp://www.datarecoverypronto.com also has some articles.
64439
Wasted space, optimization, fragmented, defragmentation and slack. Terms that not too long ago had little or no meaningful relationship to computers, let alone hard drives, or any type of drive for that matter. File fragmentation, one of the vagaries of the FAT file system, has garnered considerably more attention in recent years with the advent of hard drive sizes above 1 GB in size. When hard drives were in the range of 40MB to 1GB, no one had a clue that their drives had wasted space. As a matter of fact, most were enthralled at the release of a 1GB hard drive. It wasn't until the mid-1990s, when hard drives began climbing above 2GB, did we realize that there was something wrong, yet we had no idea just what it was. Hard drives were not being divided into multiple partitions at that time, and after a period of continued use, users began noticing that large amounts disk space seemed to literally disappear. While on smaller drives, those below 1GB, this was barely noticeable, but on larger drives approaching 2GB, this amounted to hundreds of megabytes. As file fragmentation was more fully understood, and defragmentation tools began to develop, users finally understood the "why" behind the disappearing disk space. Shortly after the release of the FAT32 file system, the issue of fragmentation became less critical. Now, however, as hard drive sizes climb above the 80GB range, we begin revisiting the old terms such as wasted space, optimization, fragmented, defragmentation, and add a new one, "slack". As long as hard drives remained below the 30GB range, FAT 32 tended to keep everything cleaned up, but as we passed the 40 GB mark, even FAT 32 has its problems controlling slack.\n\nObviously this missing drive space isn't really gone, unless we're talking about damaged or lost clusters, at which point this missing drive space is actually unusable portions of the hard drive that need to be recovered with the appropriate disk utility. However, we're not discussing that aspect of missing drive space, we're discussing slack. This slack space is simply space wasted as a result of the cluster system that FAT file system uses. A cluster is the minimum amount of space that can be assigned to a file, and no file can use merely a part or piece of a cluster and a separate file use the remainder under the FAT file system. Essentially, when a file is assigned to a cluster, even if it were merely a single byte of data, the space assigned would rounded to an integer multiple equal to the cluster size itself. If you add to that file, gradually the entire cluster would be used until you reach the maximum size of that cluster. As soon as the file becomes larger than the capacity of that single cluster, even by a single byte, the additional byte is then allocated to another cluster, and the file's space usage will double, even though the file only increased in size by one byte.
1126328
if it happpens as soon as u on ur notebook , then Alias is right it happens many a time cuz of virus. u must check your machine for virus or stealth softwares. \nBut if it hapens after using notebook for sometime, and u close everything, then it means ur C drive has less space , u must remove few things from ur primary C drive, increase ur virtual memory.
567550
did you mean cargo.  It has somthing to do with carbon that changes isotopes randomly.  years later there will be a change in cargo.
273339
Defragmentation isn't done so much for adding space, but for speeding up your computer and making it last longer. If you don't run any programs or operating systems from your second drive you probably only need to defragment it occasionally, but you should defragment your primary one fairly often. \n\nIt could be said that over-defragmenting can hurt your computer by making the hard drive spin more while you defragment, which could shorten its life--but keep in mind; hard drives are built to spin, any damage done would be fairly minimal. Also, if the drive needs it, any damage done by defragmenting will quickly be made up for, since the hard drive won't have to spin as much to find the pieces of files after it is defragmented.\n\nAs for files getting rearranged; I have never heard of this and I question that that is the reason masako_akira1980's files are moved. If it is, it is probably due to a faulty defragmenter program and/or the operating system needs to be reinstalled.
560653
First step would be to defragment the troublesome partition.  If the problem still persists try a 'Restore' point where the computer was behaving itself.
608491
you should have a system restore on your system. Just set it to a time before defragmentation, that way its as if nothing ever happened! I love it, its like rewinding.
1165932
I am not very clear as to what has busted or fragmented. Is in the vertebrae at L4 or is it the Disc prolapse at L4? In either case please do not get disheartened as ther eis a lot of help available.\n\nMost probably it wud be disc prolapse which can be handled by some lifestyle postural changes and pain management. Accupuncture works wonders for vertebral pain relief too
250681
The reverse of how you took it apart :)\n\nok seriously, what is apart ? the whole laptop or just some parts or what ?