what two forces balance each other to keep nebula's and gases from coming apart ?
451952
Gravitational attraction between all the gas and dust in a nebula, and maybe their electrical charges too.\n\nGod should be spelled B-I-G B-A-N-G\nPBrax@netscape.com
1021091
Self gravitation is thought to have been the main cause of the collapse of the solar nebula.  \n\nIn addition, there is some evidence (from isotopic analyses of primitive meteorites) for the addition to the nebula of elements that were produced by nucleosynthesis in a supernova "shortly" before the aggregation of  nebular material into macroscopic solid bodies.  A pressure wave associated with the arrival of this supernova material may have been triggered or accelerated the collapse.  More recent research, however, suggests that at least some of the isotopic anomalies that gave rise to this idea may have been produced by irradiation of solar nebular material by the sun itself, rather than from an extrasolar event.
294350
During a supernova, all matter is reduced to its smallest particles.  The smallest being the electrons and Hydrogen ion(H+). At a signifigant distance from "Ground 0," there occures a cooling phenominom that is a naturalphysical event.  Thus heat is an extensive physical property of most matted.  At this point electrons and H+ begin unifying into Hydrogen atoms.  At an even greater point two Hydrogen atoms fuse to product a Helium atom.  So on and so forth.  When these select few elements getr far enough from, "Ground 0" they are cooled to the point that fussion is no longer a natural phenominon.  At this distance in this time, of the story, things like planets, astroids and meteors form in extremely large massed of these elements to form minerals.  When these stellar bodies form H2O (water) they are capable of forming gassious H2O, CO2, H2, O2 and vary importantly C-4.  This place is called Earth any you are there. For further tutorial an planetary evolution e-mail me at melecrs@yahoo.com
768523
It's due to a process of vortical adduction dynamics.  Galaxies are not centrifugal (spinning outwardly), they spin inwardly.  Hence, this is why the centers of galaxies are utterly ancient, because stellar material is gravitated from the outer terminus to the core of the galactic system.  Consequently, the youngest matter is at the outer extremity and the older matter is in the center, i.e. Black Holes.  Conventional astronomy categorizes the various galaxy "types" as independent forms, but the reality is all galaxies “evolve” through a maturation process beginning with; \n1) the young dust filled Irregular Galaxies; \n2) that eventually evolve into Barred Galaxies;\n3) which transform into Spiral Galaxies; \n4) then the spiral arms contract inward creating Bulging Galaxies (the Sombrero Galaxy is a good example); \n5) next they condense into Elliptical Galaxies;\n6) and then ultimately they become deadly Seyfert Galaxies.\n\nIt’s complex to explain, but vortical adduction dynamics is generated by an oscillating concentric reticulation field across the vast fabric of the Known Universe.  The galaxies form through an autocatalytic process on the high crests of this vast web-like structure, and travel along these arteries.  Many other components come into play and are required, i.e. temperature and the essential horizontal plane of the universe.  The best way to understand this is to rapidly tap the side of a clear plastic water cooler and note the pattern produced on the surface sheet of the water.  The concentric waves will collide and intermingle until a continual resonance establishes the vibratory reticulation field.  It will look somewhat like a concentric spider web separated by four-sided valley-like cupularies.  The galaxies do not enter these low zones, but are confined to the crests surrounding these zones.
752275
I would say that it is made up of hot low-density gas.  The assumption in the question is that there are no dark spectral lines.  That means that there is no "black body" radiation being transmitted through a cooler gas.  A hot, dense gas with strong molecular interaction would tend toward a more continuous spectrum; without dark lines there isn't a cooler gas surrounding it.
260144
2 H bond together to form carbon (I know that doesn't make sense due to the atomic numbers but that's right)then when all the hydrogen are gone it becomes a red giant and starts fusing carbon then when it runs out of carbon it usually explodes causing a gas of which a new star comes from
739586
false....the gaseous state has the lowest levels of attraction.  (the molecules are the farthest apart in that state)...in solid state there are metallic or ionic bonds as well as Van Der Waals forces holding the mass together.
572377
There is an interaction between atoms in a mass structure.\nGravity tends to push the atoms together and temperature keeps them apart.So there is an equilibrium maintained so that the mass keeps a certain shape at a particular temperature.\nAt zero degree absolute theorethically there is no temperature to keep the atoms apart.So the atoms should actually touch. However be cause of the space substance between the atoms gets compressed,a reaction occurs and reversed gravity takes place.That is the reason why atoms can never actually kiss.\nThen there is a state where atoms get ionized becaus of high temperature.Here the electrons are pushed away from the atoms. This state is called plasma. This occurs in the Sun.\n\nAs far as black holes are concerned it is a debatable theory which brings doubt how mass structure can exist \nwithout electrons. The Idea came from solutions of Einsteins field equation. Its only a mathematical solution ,whether it represents reallity is a matter of interpretation.
1121215
carljoseph has the correct answer.  The galaxies have no reason to stop spinning any more than the planets have a reason to stop orbiting the sun.  (Eric p, I don't know why you think the law of perpetual motion does not apply to circular motion.)  There is no continuous force that *keeps* them in motion ... it's just momentum from the process that formed the  galaxies (or the solar systems), and there is no counter-force (like air resistance) slowing them down.  Now it's possible that there is infinitessimal resistance due to space dust, but there's nothing in the laws of physics that says that a rotating object (like a galaxy or a solar system) must eventually stop rotating.  So they will continue to turn indefinitely.\n\nNow, some of these stars will explode at some times in their lifespan, and may or may not leave behind the burned out shells (mostly iron, the most stable atomic nucleus there is) of dead stars and planets, but the galaxies will continue to spin as long as there are stars (or star remnants) in them.
1090455
They start out as an enormous gas cloud. Gravity causes the parcicles in the cloud to spin around the point of center mass, and the velocity of the spin subsequently flattens it into a disk. That's how galaxies, and on a much smaller scale, planetary systems form.
402813
No, I think it'll take too long for them to join together.  They're generally so far apart that the gravitational pull on each other is very very small.  Besides, the universe is constantly expanding, so instead we'll end up in a position where everything is just cold and the density of matter is very small.  That's just one theory, though.
907230
It pushes against itself. The gasses being expelled are under pressure and cannot escape fast enough, so they push against the rochet itself to try and get out faster.
139288
I think this would be a good topic for a college paper, especially if you go into the details and work it all out carefully. \n\nThe previous answer is correct. I might add a few comments to help, however. \n\nIt comes down to density, and buoyant forces. If there is an unbalanced force against something, then it will accelerate because of Newton's second law. If the force from below on a parcel of air is less than the force of that parcel of air downwards (due to its weight, and pressure from air column above), then the parcel of air will sink. And if the force from above is less than the force from below, the parcel of air will rise.\n\nThe smoke is composed of gases and suspended particles in the air that can be quite small (small enough to be about the same size as the wavelength of light, and cause selective scattering, creating phenomena such as a blue moon). \n\nTherefore, smoke can rise or fall, depending on the forces acting on a parcel of air containing the suspended smoke particles. \n\nThe density of the air, and the pressure it exerts, depends on the temperature. A good first step is to assume that the air parcels satisfy the Ideal Gas Law, PV=NRT, where P is the pressure of the parcel, V is the volume, T is the temperature,  R is the universal gas constant, and N is the number of molecules. \n\nThe pressure at the bottom of an air column of uniform density gas of height h is rho*g*h, where rho is the density and g is the acceleration of gravity. \n\nThere is a lot of material about this on the internet and in other places. Hopefully our comments are enough to get you started on this, so you can analyze this carefully and write a nice paper.\n\n----------\n\nAddendum:\n\nAs the next answer states, and as in the reference, the constant n is typically used for number of molecules and the constant N is typically used for number of moles. I apologize.\n\nSo it is \n\nPV=NRT, or alternatively, PV=nkT\n\nwhere k is the Boltzmann constant. See the reference attached.
567479
Problem is that energy is needed to fight entropy. These atomic particles you refer to are indivisible (under ordinary conditions) but the complex molecules that they are a part of come apart if there is no energy put into the system to keep them together. \n\nAn organism is a really, really complicated system for keeping a certain level of organization. When the organism dies, it can't put energy in anymore and it starts to unravel.
128151
First you start with a nebula of gas and dust. Under its own gravity, the nebula begins to spiral and clump together. As the gas gets closer together, it starts to heat up. Once the mass of the center object(proto-star) contains enough matter(mass), the object starts to fuse hydrogen into helium. This creates a massive amount of energy which we see emitted from stars. High mass stars like blue giants will burn through their hydrogen much faster than smaller stars like our sun. I hope this isn't too complex for 2nd grade.
685243
Either the object is not immovable or the force is not irresistible.  Both things can not be true at the same time.
407008
Only non-fluids will keep their shape.  If the energy of the constituent particles is not sufficent to overcome the bonding then the mass will keep its shape unless a large force is applied to it.  If the gravitational force is large enough it will most certainly brake objects; would you like to try walking past a black hole?