Why the suprarenal gland is the first organ that affected by the secondary metastasis in cancer cases?
447883
they are not always affected. Let me explain. Metastasis is the proliferation and spread of cancer cells throughout the body and it just so happens that the adrenal glands were affected by the spreading cancer cells.
200588
In my opinion, none of the previous answers are entirely correct.  I believe you're referring to STAGE 4, rather than PHASE 4.  Cancer staging is different for different types of cancer.  Stage 4 breast cancer is different than stage 4 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma...and still different than stage 4 testicular cancer (although I think testicular staging only goes to stage 3).\n\nCancer staging is the process of finding out how far the cancer has spread.  Because each cancer has its own characteristics and usual paths of metastatis, one definitive answer for "What is stage 4 cancer?" cannot be given.\n\nFor example, a simplistic view of testicular cancer staging would be: stage 1 - cancer only in testicle; stage 2 - cancer spread from testicle to abdominal lymph node(s); stage 3 - cancer spread from testicle to abd lymph nodes, to area(s) above the diaphragm.  In contrast, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma staging would be: stage 1 - cancer in one lymph node and/or the surrounding area; stage 2 - cancer in lymph node and secondary area both on the same side of the diaphragm; stage 3 - cancer involving nodes and/or organs on both sides of the diaphragm; stage 4 - all of the above, including bone marrow involvement.\n\nThe answer you're looking for will be more definitive when you're more elaborate with your question.  :)  Also, stage 4 doesn't always mean imminent death.  My husband was diagnosed with stage 4 non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and beat it!
359236
1. Yes, it occurs in men, more so in the tissue between the breast and armpit.\n2. I would say family history, but I have never seen a study on that.\n3. Women don't have prostates. The prostate, found only in men, is a walnut-sized gland located in front of the rectum, at the outlet of the bladder (underneath the bladder). It contains gland cells that produce some of the seminal fluid, which protects and nourishes sperm cells in semen. The prostate surrounds the first part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine and semen through the penis.\n4. They don't.  Chemo causes hair loss and they may/may not choose to shave the rest.
583083
Lots of information needed to answer this question based on what the question or paper is really asking....\nBut you can check out these sites...\n\nAbout Hormones   http://www.cancerindex.org/medterm/medtm12.htm\n\nHormones are secreted from the glands of the endocrine system, they are specific in that each hormone causes a response in a specific target organ or group of cells, rather than on the body as a whole. Exocrine hormones are secreted via a duct into the blood and usually effect a distant organ or tissue. Endocrine hormones are secreted within the tissue (rather than via a duct) and enter the blood stream via capillaries. \n\n \nadrenal: \n http://www.urologyhealth.org/adult/index.cfmcat=04&topic=30 \n\n    Relating to or on the kidneys. Also used to describe the effects of the adrenal glands.  \n\nWhat are adrenal glands? \n\nLocated on top of both kidneys, the adrenal glands are triangular-shaped and measure approximately half an inch in height and three inches in length. The inner part (adrenal medulla) of the adrenal glands secretes hormones such as adrenaline that affect blood pressure, heart rate and sweating. The outer part (adrenal cortex) secretes many different hormones that control the use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates in the body. The cortex also secretes male sex hormones as well as mineralocorticoids that control blood pressure and the levels of salt and potassium in the body. \n\nDisorders....\nHyperaldosteronism:Pheochromocytoma:Adrenal benign and cancerous tumors:Pituitary adenoma:Cushing's syndrome
66420
Adenocarcinoma is a form of carcinoma that originates in glandular tissue. To be classified as adenocarcinoma, the cells don't necessarily need to be part of a gland, as long as they have secretory properties.
1032595
Lymph nodes, also incorrectly called "Lymph glands" (they do not secrete anything and are therefore not glands), are components of the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes that collect and destroy bacteria and viruses. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes. Humans have approximately 500-600 lymph nodes. Clusters of lymph nodes are found in the underarms, groin, neck, chest, and abdomen
45927
Hodgkin's disease, sometimes called Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a cancer that starts in lymphatic tissue. Lymphatic tissue includes the lymph nodes and related organs that are part of the body's immune and blood-forming systems. The lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped organs found underneath the skin in the neck, underarm, and groin. They are also found in many other places in the body such as inside the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. \n\nLymph nodes make and store infection-fighting white blood cells, called lymphocytes. They are connected throughout the body by lymph vessels (narrow tubes similar to blood vessels). These lymph vessels carry a colorless, watery fluid (lymphatic fluid) that contains lymphocytes. Eventually the lymphatic fluid is emptied into the blood vessels in the left upper chest. \n\nOther components of the lymphatic system include the spleen, the bone marrow, and the thymus. The spleen is an organ in the left side of the upper abdomen that is composed primarily of mature and immature lymphocytes. It removes old cells and other debris from the blood. The bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside the bones that creates new red and white blood cells including lymphocytes. The thymus is a small organ in the chest that is important in developing a special lymphocyte called a T cell. \n\nBecause lymphatic tissue is present in many parts of the body, Hodgkin's disease can start almost anywhere, but most often starts in lymph nodes in the upper part of the body. The most common sites are in the chest, neck, or under the arms. Hodgkin's disease enlarges the lymphatic tissue, which can then cause pressure on important structures. It can spread through the lymphatic vessels to other lymph nodes. This is the major way it spreads. Most Hodgkin's disease spreads to nearby lymph node sites in the body, not distant ones. It rarely gets into the blood vessels and can spread to almost any other site in the body, including the liver and lungs. \n\nLymph nodes enlarge for many reasaons. Although Hodgkin's disease is one cause, enlarged lymph nodes are more commonly a result of the body fighting an infection. Your doctor can help determine the cause. \n\nHodgkin's disease is a malignant lymphoma (cancer of lymphatic tissue). There are two kinds of lymphomas: Hodgkin's disease (named after Dr. Thomas Hodgkin who first recognized it in 1832) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. For information on non-Hodgkin's lymphomas see the document "Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas". \n\nThe cancer cells in Hodgkin's disease are called Reed-Sternberg cells, after the two doctors who first described them in detail. Under a microscope they look different from cells of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and other cancers. Most scientists now believe that Reed-Sternberg cells are a type of malignant B lymphocyte. Normal B lymphocytes are the cells that make antibodies that help fight infections. \n\nDoctors have given names to different types and subtypes of Hodgkin's disease. The two main types are classical Hodgkin's disease (which has several subtypes) and nodular predominant Hodgkin's disease. \n\n\nClassical Hodgkin's disease:\n\n\nLymphocyte predominance \nNodular sclerosis \nMixed cellularity \nLymphocyte depletion \nUnclassified. \nNodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease\n\n\nAll of these types are malignant because as they grow, they may compress, invade, destroy normal tissue and spread to other tissues. There is no benign (noncancerous) form of Hodgkin's disease
1066338
Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. Metastasis is defined as the stage in which cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Cancer may affect people at all ages, but risk increases with age. It is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries.\n\nThere are many types of cancer. Severity of symptoms depends on the site and character of the malignancy and whether there is metastasis. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. This tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for the type of cancer pathology. Drugs that target specific cancers already exist for several cancers. If untreated, cancers may eventually cause illness and death, though this is not always the case.\n\nfor more info. about cancer click the link below:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer\nyou will get all the information you need about cancer in the link.
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Adrenalin is produced that increases the pulse rate. This hormone prepares you for physical work when it races through the blood stream. \n\nThe gland that produces the hormone is called Adrenal gland and as the name suggests it is attached to the kidneys on its upper side. Two kidneys so two adrenal glands.
540872
see the following for a diagram:\n\nhttp://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/kidney/page2
154958
It sounds like they're looking for malignant cells in the lymph nodes.  The lymphatics are a common pathway for cancers to spread, so a doc will typically biopsy or dissect a few lymph nodes near the cancer to look for tumor.  The result will be negative or positive, and they may specificy how many nodes are affected, and which nodes.  We're hoping that the cancer has not infiltrated any nodes.  I wish you the best of luck :)
601250
There is a type of cancer that can originate, albeit rare, in the heart.  Angiosarcoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lining of blood vessels.  This type of tumor tends to be aggressive, recur locally, and spread widely. It can originate anywhere in the body but is well known to arise in skin, soft tissue, liver, breast, spleen, bone, lung and heart.
566021
It is a condition in which the cells in the body divide uncontrollably & r functionally inept or unrequired, & can spread to other regions to cause cancer there (metastasis). There r some important danger signs- loss of weight, change in voice, bleeding from abnormal site, menstrual difficulties, long-standing fever, etc. Tumors that have metastsized r generally not treated by surgery. And yes, as some1 has mentioned early detection is the key. Common risk-factors include smoking, estrogen in 'pills', radiation, aromatic compounds, etc.
558732
yes it can occur in the heart and there are primary which are 2 types called 1.myxoma 2.rhabdomyoma and secondary which are more frequent than primary which are metastatic.
3328
Cancer cells generally have a number of characteristic changes as compared with normal cells.  They reproduce (through mitosis) very rapidly, and they do not usually stop, which can cause a lump on the breast or in the scrotum.\n\nNormal cells usually divide slower, and stop dividing either due to normal changes in the life cycle of the cell or because an external signal tells them not to divide.\n\nIf you self examine and find a lump you can go to the doctor and get the lump removed.  If the cancer cells did not enter the lymphatic system or the blood stream, the cancer should be gone with surgical removal of the lump.  If the cancer goes undetected for a while it has more of a chance to enter the blood stream and spread to other parts of the body.  \n\nThis is called metastasis, and once the cancer has spread throughout the body is far more difficult to treat, becuase it cannot be removed with a simple operation or simple localized treatment.  Also, once the cancer gets to places like the liver or pancreas, it will interfere with normal organ function, and when these organs stop working, you don't live long.
320947
The adrenal medulla secretes adrenalin and noradrenalin.\nUnlike the cortex it is derived from neural crest cells, but unlike a previous answer they are NOT neurons: believe me I look at them every week!\nIt is the 'fear, flight, fright' hormone and is essential: responsible for butterflies in the stomach and more postive reactions to stress. It elevates the blood pressure.\nTumours of the medulla are called Phaeochromocytomas. They are rare, 10% are malignant and they cause flushing and high blood pressure and are dangerous unless removed by a skilled surgeon.\nHope that helps!
520447
Specifically, Krukenberg's tumor is a metastasis of stomach cancer to the ovary. Probably the name of the guy that first described it. Pancoast tumor is a tumor in the apex of the lungs. It's just one of those "let's name this for a person to confuse everyone" things.