explainliberal meaning of these concepts,autonomy,rationality and how they are realised as educational aims?
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Liberal meaning?  Huh?\n\nThere is no "political" meaning to those terms in education.\n\nWhat are you asking for?\n\nAutonomy is a huge "hidden" curriculum goal in education... we want kids to learn how to make decisions and be motivated to learn independently.\n\nRationality is another "hidden" curriculum goal in education... being able to think using the reality perceived by the senses and logical sequential reasoning.
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Idealism is when a certain goal/aim  is set and this is attempted to be achieved.   In a classroom setting, the idea that the teacher is the ceder of learning is beyond question , and that everything should revolve around him.   Activities are based on a clear cut goal without deviation, giving very little  chances of  being creative; that everything should be based on a 'sound" moral principle.  On the other hand, pragmatism means that the center of learning is the student and the teacher is only a facilitator.  The student solves the "problem" and adjusts to the environment and according to his needs and the society in which he  exists in.
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This book is a classic enthnographic text that needs to be read by all those who are interested in revealling the social forces that shapes our lives as a people living under this last state of Capitalism, that others call a Globalised world. Even though Paul Willis was looking at Working class kids in England, I have found the application of his methodology applicable even in the context of a post Apartheid state like South Africa where we talk of the "historically disadvantaged learner" as an eupermism for the same phenomenon that Willis has studies.\n\nNice light reading matter there.
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An ideology is a system of beliefs. It has a core principal such as nationalism, sufferage, economics, distribution of wealth.  It becomes a movement if there is a social need for change that is not resolved by established groups.  For example, around 1900 the Progressive movement wanted to end the ecomonic power of trusts and make working conditions better.  This lead to specific proposals such as the 40 hour week and anti trust laws.  It became a movement when pushed by writers like Sinclar.  Politicians used the movement to increase their votes.
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Communism = From each, according to ability.  To each, according to need. (Everyone works; he who needs, gets.)\n\nSocialism = From each, according to ability.  To each, according to deeds. (Everyone works, he who works harder or better or smarter gets more)
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Literally it is "thinking about thinking". This means becoming self-aware of one's own thoughts and how you process information. It is one of these education buzz-words these days in terms of different students needing to learn different ways.
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Hey dude! Chill!\nYou can write on someone else's aim.\nConfused!\nSee, you can make an issue of this subject, you can tell everyone that in our education scenario why one's aims are asked.\nThe primary aim should be the same for younger generation to toil for the betterment of the nation.\nPutting such subjects in declamaitions and debates, the education scenario is feeding in the feeling of self indulgence and selfness in individuals. That may progressivebut full of self. At the initial level the topic for this essay or debate should be "How could my aim for life help my nation."\nSo with this you can prove that the topic is inappropriate and should be mended.\nBest of Luck.
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Nationalism:\nThe belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals. \n\nLiberalism:\n\nA political theory founded on the natural goodness of humans and the autonomy of the individual and favoring civil and political liberties, government by law with the consent of the governed, and protection from arbitrary authority.
1150523
Individuality versus state control I think. I read it a long time a ago.
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Each of the pairs of principles you have mentioned can be thought of as a continuum with a principle at each end of a scale. Administrative practice consists of finding a balance point for the opposing demands of the principles that makes sense for the population for which the school is being administered. For example, most parents want a school for their children to be just. Some parents however, and the kids themselves, want the school to be democratic. Accommodating the conflicting perspectives and maintaining an atmosphere that promotes good learning and teaching is the challenge of administrative practice.
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Depends on what definition of liberal u mean. Economic or Social? Social liberalism means a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties whereas economic liberalism means an economic theory of laissez-faire and self-regulating markets (otherwise known as capitalism). Lookin at it from a purely economic point of view the US is a helluva lot more BLOODY liberal than we are! All i can say is thank god i live in the UK!
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Socialism-  you own a cow, the government takes it and gives you some of the milk\n\nCommunism- you own a cow, the government takes it and shoots you for being a corrupt property owner\n\nCapitalism- you own a cow. You sell milk until you can affort to buy a bull.
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Progressivism is a political philosophy whose adherents promote public policies that they believe would lead to positive social change. As a broad characterization of political leanings, political progressivism mostly refers to social liberalism, social democracy, or green politics. Progressivism may also mean prefering moderate change, as opposed to minimal or maximum change. In this sense, it is contrasted with reactionary, conservative, as well as radical ideology. Progressive logic is the value logic that gives an underlying unity to this diversity of views.\n\nAround the world\n\nUnited States\nSee main article - Progressivism in the United States\n\nProgressive Party 1912 (United States) \nProgressive Party 1924 (United States) \nProgressive Party 1948 (United States) \nProgressive Party (United States) for current parties \nProgressives dominated left-wing American politics from the 1890s to the 1920s. Today the term refers to movements on the left ranging from liberal to social democrat.\n\nEarly in the 20th century, progressives worked to reform the political process in the US. In several states, they succeeded in reducing the power of political bosses by instituting presidential primaries and non-partisan elections. They exposed corruption, and established public control of the existing monopolies over public resources, such as water and gas works. They were the driving force behind the reform and regulation of child labor, the institution of public education, and the right of women to vote. Their efforts contributed to the writing and ratification of the 17th Amendment (the direct election of senators) in 1913, and the 19th Amendment (right of women to vote in federal elections) in 1920. They sought to improve transportation for the public. They also pressured state legislatures to raise the property tax in order to spend more money on schools, parks and other public facilities. They usually worked at the state level to make changes.\n\nAustralia\nThe term progressive is popular in Australia, since many on the left usually support either the Labor Party, the Democrats or the Greens, parties opposed to the right-wing Liberal Party of Australia.\n\nCanada\nThe term progressive is also popular in Canada, since many are further left than the Liberal Party of Canada. Most supporters of the old Progressive Conservative Party of Canada did not consider themselves progressive although arguments have been made that the Mulroney government implemented progressive environmental policies. The David Orchard wing of the old PC Party was progressive in nature while the Red Tory faction, which included former Prime Minister Joe Clark, was less so. The New Democratic Party often considers itself progressive, and attempts to appeal to progressive voters.\n\nThe Progressive Party of Canada briefly rose to prominence in the 1920s. The Progressive Canadian Party, composed mostly of anti-merger Progressive Conservatives, was formed several months prior to the 2004 general election.\n\nIreland\nIn Ireland, the Progressive Democrats (in Irish, An Páirtí Daonlathach, literal back-translation: The Democratic Party) is a political party in the Republic of Ireland founded in 1985. The Progressive Democrats’ policies are based on economic liberalism. The party is often described as right wing by supporters and critics alike, but they have several policies which are closer to the left wing.\n\nNew Zealand\nJim Anderton formed the New Zealand Progressive Party by splitting from the Alliance (New Zealand political party).\n\nThe Progressive Green Party was formed in 1995, but has now disbanded.\n\nProgressive voters also support the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand and the New Zealand Labour Party.\n\nCriticism\nEconomist and Cato Institute Fellow, Brink Lindsey argues that progressivism is the belief in moving forward, as opposed to conservatism which favors the status quo. From this he derives economic policies and their outcomes from per
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Yes.  As Aristotle wrote, the primary purpose of public education is to make good citizens.
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I'm not sure there is an "official" definition, but I think it basically means the freedom to follow one's own thinking on any subject wherever it leads.  There is a sense in which this is a very individual, personal freedom (the thinking of different people leads to different beliefs), but there is also a sense in which it seems the larger society may benefit from having continual access to a large pool of thinking from which to make collective judgments.  (This tends to implicate freedom of expression too, as mere thinking without communication tends not to accomplish much for society, although it may be gratifying to the individual thinkers.)\n\nThe preservation of intellectual freedom is one of the main reasons university professors are often given "tenure" -- the right to remain in their jobs even if their research or ideas are or become unpopular.
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"Concerned with the trendy, technocratic, and at times sophistical character of contemporary education at all levels, both public and private, the authors of this collection seek to reinvigorate a Thomistic approach to education appropriate to the problems of our day. With its main inspiration taken from the work of Jacques Maritain, especially his 1943 Education at the Crossroads, the volume presents a trenchant critique of the "privacies" of contemporary education, with its emphasis upon the conventional and useful. At the same time, the essays present the outlines of the proper alternative, an education which helps students draw out from themselves the desire for truths which transcend the contingencies of culture and utility. Such an education seeks to guide students to "the common things" available to all human beings. \n\n\nThe essays uphold an account of man's intellectual and affective capacities which understands these capacities as naturally ordered to truth. The essays approach the task in different but complementary ways: in critiques of contemporary theories of education, in speculative accounts of knowledge and learning, in applications of theory to specific institutional settings, and in discussions of the political contexts governing modern education. In this rich variety of ways, the essays in The Common Things not only point the way back to the crossroads Maritain spoke of fifty years ago; they go on to indicate something of the landscape along the road not taken by contemporary education."
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Academia is so liberal because they learn so much about everything that the feel they must accept it all.  So they begin to think of everything as relative, including right and wrong.  Eventually they think they are so much smarter than everyone because they are so 'open-minded' that they lose their souls in their quest to be 'open-minded'.  Not only will they support a religious Jihad that kills innocent people but they will blame it on the innocent people that are killed because we 'just don't understand' our attackers.  So, in summary, academia is so liberal because they want to be relativists about everything.  They forget that to have shades of gray, there needs to be black and white.