What is the origin of the name of Shigella dysenteriae and what are its biochemical reactions?
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the "dysenteriae" part comes from the fact that it causes dysentery, a diarrheal disease.
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Malonate- used for differentiation Enterobacter from E. coli\nTryptone- used to differentiate based on indole\nKCN broth- differentiates betweeen organisms based on their ability to grow in presence of cyanide\nNutrient gelatin- detects gelatin liquefactation by microbes\nOF glucose broth- differential and enriched\nDnase agar- differential (DNA degradation)\nOrnithine decarboxylase- differential for Enterobacteriaceae
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Hopefully this diagram can answer your questions:\nhttp://fachschaft.cup.uni-muenchen.de/~schleifi/reaktion/reaction/stobbe.html
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Salmonellosis is an infection with a bacteria called Salmonella. Most persons infected with Salmonella develop diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps
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here are lists and pictures\n\nhttp://www.buddycom.com/bacteria/gpc.html
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Check this out: \nhttp://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/lacoperon/lactose.html\n\nhttp://www.mun.ca/biochem/courses/4103/topics/lac_operon.html
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Preenrichment- for non fat dry milk and dry whole milk, weigh 100g of product and transfer to 1L distilled water containing 2ml of 1%aqueous brilliant green dye.Incubate at 35C for 24 +/- 2hrs. Enrichment- transfer 1ml of pre enrichd smple to 10 ml selenite cystine broth and tetrathionate broth respectively incubate at 35C for 24 +/- 2hrs.streak from enrichment media to the ff diff media: brilliant green, salmonella-shigella and bismusth sulfite incubate at 35C fo 24 +/- 2hrs.\nappearance of typical colonies:\nBGA- colorless, pink to fuchsia, translucent to opaque with surrounding medium pink to red.\nSSA- uncolored to pale pink, opaque, transparent or translucent; some produce black centered colonies.\nBSA- brown black sometimes with metallic sheen.\nsubject for further identification using  TSI agar for confirmation.streak the slant and stabb the butt. salmonella positive TSI cultures have alkaline red slants and acid (yellow) butt with or without H2S (blackening of agar) =)
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Microbiology \n \nAmericans are fascinated by world records. The Guiness Book of World Records is a very popular text because we are interested in the biggest and the best of everything. \n\nIn the late '80s a Dr. Fishelson found a very unusual bacterium called Epulopiscium fishelsoni. This bacterium lives in the gut of a Red Sea surgeonfish. This bacterium can grow up to 600 micrometers long and 80 micrometers wide. The average Epulopiscium fishelsoni is 250 micrometers long and 40 micrometers wide. Six hundred micrometers is a little over a half a millimeter. A millimeter is about as long as the period in the box below. \n\n1millimeter=. \n\nThe human eye can see things as small as 200 micrometers, making this bacteria the first one to actually be visible to the naked eye. To give you a better idea of how big this bacterium really is, "normal-sized" bacteria are only about 0.2 micrometers to about 1.5 micrometers in length or diameter. \nIn the microbial world a record has finally been broken for the biggest bacteria in the world. The record holder for the biggest bacteria recorded on the earth is now (drum roll please): Thiomargarita namibiensis. This behemoth of bacteria is round rather than rectangle like Epulopiscium fishelsoni. It averages about 180 micrometers in diameter. The largest cells have been measured at 750 micrometers. On a cell volume basis the largest Epulopiscium fishelsoni is .003 millimeters cubed. However, Thiomargarita namibiensis' largest cells have an enormous volume of 0.22 millimeters cubed. \n\nNot only is Thiomargarita namibiensis a giant but it is also very unusual. It utilizes sulfates and nitrates to get its energy. This bacteria found off the coast of Namibia is in the sediment at the bottom of the ocean. Basically, Thiomargarita namibiensis gets necessary electrons from sulfates. It then uses nitrates to grab onto the electron instead of oxygen. Those electrons are eventually used to generate energy for the cell. It gets its enormous size because it stores huge amounts of nitrates to hold onto these electrons. It needs to store the nitrates because nitrate levels are very low in these waters most of the time. It isn't until a major storm stirs up the mud at the bottom of the ocean that Thiomargarita namibiensis can get the nitrates it needs. \n\nWhen nitrates are around, these bacteria literally stuff themselves with nitrate. In essence they are a huge ball of nitrates with a very thin layer of cytoplasm (cytoplasm contains all the necessary stuff for bacteria to live, grow, and reproduce) around this nitrate. \n\nThis bacteria may prove useful in other areas of the world's oceans. \n In waters contaminated with nitrates from fertilizers and sewage these organisms may be useful in taking up these nitrates. If too much nitrate is in the water, algae in the water will grow out of control and kill or chase away other inhabitants in the area. Thiomargarita namibiensis could be placed in these nitrate rich waters to remove them and prevent the algae from growing out of control. There needs to be a lot more work done on this unique bacterium. Researchers have yet to get it to grow in a test tube. However, in time this giant among bacteria may be tamed and utilized to help in other areas of the world. \n \nFor more information go to the Science(April 16, 1999, vol. 284, No.5413, pages 415 and 493-495) article. You can't get all the information from the online version unless you are a subscriber. On the other hand, the cover of that issue has a picture of this mighty bacteria. \n\nTake Care and Think Microbiologically!
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Anerobic bacteria such as intestinal infections like C dif. It is also used for some sexually transmitted diseases.
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Hey..are you trying to get your homework done here !! OK seriously speaking.......... The Proteobacteria are a major group of bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, and many other notable genera. Others are free-living, and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. The group is defined primarily in terms of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences, and is named for the Greek god Proteus (also the name of a bacterial genus within the Proteobacteria), who could change his shape, because of the great diversity of forms found in it.\n\nThe proteobacteria are divided into five sections, referred to by the Greek letters alpha through epsilon, again based on rRNA sequences. These are often treated as classes. Gamma Proteobacteria are paraphyletic to the Beta Proteobacteria.\n\nThe Gammaproteobacteria comprise several medically and scientifically important groups of bacteria, such as the Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. An exceeding number of important pathogens belongs to this class, e.g. Salmonella (enteritis and typhoid fever), Yersinia (plague), Vibrio (cholera), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (lung infections in hospitalised or cystic fibrosis patients).\n\n\nHope this help :)
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A powdery, white substance had long been observed on toes and fingers but was always assumed to be a simple, waxy secretion. Currie and a fellow graduate student decided to analyze the substance and found that it was a bacterium from the genus Streptomyces, the group of bacteria well known for producing antibiotics for humans. Further investigation revealed that, unlike general antibiotics for humans, the bacterium produces antibiotics that specifically attack the fungal pathogen Escovopsis.
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What class was this in? What grade level? What text were you using?  I may be able to help you if I know the context in which the question was raised. I have a feeling that I am not getting all the information you had. Please tell me and maybe I can help. I am an old chemist and microbiologist.
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Uhhh.... isn't bacteria a single-cell organism?\nPlease be more specific.
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don't understand your question that much. but the scientists involved in microbiology are Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1676),  Ehrenberg (1828), Robert Hooke (1655), Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), Robert Koch (1843-1910), Martinus Beijerinck (1851-1931) and Sergei Winogradsky (1856-1953).
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its a polymer which is present in the cellwall of bacteria.it is present in larger amounts in gram positive bacteria than in gram negative bacteria. it forms the basic principle for the gram staining procedure for bacteria. it contains amino acids like N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine.in gram negative orgs it is in small amounts. they have more amounts of a substance called as lipopolysaccharide.
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-diarrhea\n-dysentry\n-heatstroke\n-etc.\ncontact me if you need more!
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CELLFOOD©\n(Deutrosulfazyme) \n\nwith Dissolved Oxygen, Seawater Extract, Plant Source Amino Acids & Enzymes\n\nWinner of the 1997 Advanced Technology Award of the International Hall of Fame\n\nCellfood supports:   \nEnhanced energy levels\nCellular oxygenation\nBreathing function\nAlertness & concentration\nThe digestive process\nRemoval of lactic & uric acid\nBacteria & parasite elimination\n Immune system function\nFree-radical removal\nAllergy relief\npH balance\nNutrient absorption\nRecovery from injury\n \n\nCellfood is a unique, proprietary concentrate of 78 ionic minerals, 34 enzymes, 17 amino acids, electrolytes and dissolved oxygen, held in a negatively-charged suspension utilizing deuterium, the only non-radioactive isotope of hydrogen.  Through a process of dissociating -or splitting- water molecules within the body by weakening the bonding electrons, Cellfood releases both nascent oxygen and hydrogen into the bloodstream, and into every cell in the body.  Its developer, the atomic scientist, and inventor of the hydrogen bomb, Everett L. Storey (1914-1988), called Cellfood an electromagnetic equation.\n\nColloidal, Ionic\nBeing colloidal particles, Cellfood's ingredients are miniscule (4-7 nanometers in diameter), and because of the Brownian Movement phenomenon, they take on a negative (ionic) charge and remain suspended in liquid.  Because most bodily fluids are also colloidal and negatively charged, the body perceives Cellfood as normal healthy body fluid and allows the nutrients to pass immediately through the sensitive membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus directly into the blood stream.\n\nNascent Oxygen\nCellfood is unique in its ability to create nascent (meaning newly-born) oxygen.  In biochemical terms 'nascent' oxygen refers to the newly born singlet oxygen (O-) that has not yet entered the biochemical reaction.  Free radicals (which many biochemists believe are a primary cause of aging and degenerative disease) are positively charged ions of oxygen (O+).  Since nascent oxygen molecules are negatively charged, they actually seek out and attract these dangerous free radicals, combining with them to form simple pure stabilized oxygen (O2).  \n\nThis release of oxygen and hydrogen typically peaks within 8-12 hours, and can continue for up to 3 days.  The body's natural intelligence releases the oxygen and hydrogen whenever and wherever they are needed—and if no longer needed, no more is released.\n\nDi-polar, Di-basic\nCellfood was developed as a di-pole, di-base delivery system— to deliver nutrients to cells and tissues under any conditions.  Di-pole means Cellfood is effective in any polarity range of the body.  Di-base means Cellfood is effective in any pH range within the body and will tend to normalize the body's acid/base balance by delivering its 78 essential minerals as enzymatic cofactors—assisting critical enzymatic reactions to proceed optimally.  Cellfood provides an incredible oxygen source and delivery system to the body at the cellular level; and, though it is very powerful, there is no known toxicity associated with it and contains no substance banned for athletic competitions.\n\nCellfood Sources\nCellfood is derived from the clean southern seas between New Zealand and Antarctica, from nutrient-rich mineral springs, and from fossilized plants.  Each batch of Cellfood takes over 9 months to produce–through a proprietary process similar to aging fine wine. \n\nDirections\nAdults take 8 drops in 8 ounces of purified or distilled water, or 8 ounces of juice, 3 times per day–or during stress or physical activity.  Best taken between meals (at least 15 minutes before or 1 hour after ).  Each one ounce bottle of Cellfood contains 90 portions of 8 drops each, for a total of 720 drops.\n\nAbout the Expiration Date\nCellfood is shipped with a IO-year expiration date.  However, actual 25-year old samples have tested to be no less potent than when originally bottle