What is the different beteween underground stem and underground root?
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Stems and roots have very different structures.\nUnderground stems have structures which you would expect to see in stems growing above ground, e.g. buds. These stems might also turn green when exposed to light as they generate chlorophyll. A good example of an underground stem is the part of the potato plant you eat. The 'eyes' are buds which will sprout. Leave a potao out in the light and it will go green. Several plants use underground stems as storage organs, many (especially grasses) use them to spread, for example couch grass; new plantlets emerge from the buds.\nStems are not specialised for water absorption as roots are and root structures reflect this. There are no buds on roots and they do not go green when exposed to light. Many plants do use roots as storage organs, e.g. carrot, dandelion, etc.
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Here ya go (from the link):\n\n"Green [induced in alternating light-dark periods] microtubers were better than white [induced in continuous dark] microtubers for subsequent crop performance for most of the characters including tuber yield and general impression."  (Very technical first link.)\n\nBreaking that down for you: it's not in the growing that you find the difference.  All potato plants need light to grow.\n\nBut if when you are inducing the potatoes to grow - getting them to sprout - you keep them in keep then in the dark, they turn out worse than if you give them a span daylight before planting them.\n\nI have to apologize - I can't find any easy reading on this on the Internet - so these are hard-to-read scientific abstracts.
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root, stem, leaf and flower
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plants and roots of plants
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Several types. Read about it at http://horticulture.coafes.umn.edu/vd/h5015/99papers/kostreba.htm
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Soil is either topsoil or subsoil - both are horizontal.\n\nTopsoil is the 'living' soil that contains bacteria, nutrients etc and which enables plants to grow.  Usually about 600mm deep.\n\nSubsoil is the 'dead' soil that is deprived of nutrients etc.
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http://www.seedbiology.de/structure.asp
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Common Burdock: Burs are much smaller and stalks are shorter (burs are closer to the stem); the stalks of the lower leaves are hollow, not grooved and the plants themselves do not grow as tall\n\nGreat: The burs are large - up to almost 4cm and the stalks are long; stalks of lower leaves are solid and grooved on the upper surface; grows taller in general
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none, nil, nada, zip\n\nalcohol dehydrates and plants need water to grow.
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Planter!!!\nCheck the second image down on this web page:
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http://www.netodontist.com/projects/iosonline/journal/rarticle1.htm\n\nI hope it helps..
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on the underside of the leaf.  they open and close to regulate the gases and water in the plant.  if it was on top, i think it could get damaged and be unable to regulate the exchange.
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one of the most recently evolved are grasses (a herb)-they are also very adaptable (unlike many orchids which are also recent) as they can go dormant with an underground rhizome when condition are not suitable for active growth and their leaves grow from the bottom instead of the top so their growth won't be disturbed if someone takes a bite from the top.
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aquifers, undergound streams, etc. anything under ground
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If you're using grow lites, put the light out to the side of the plant  If you're growing out doors, wait untill the plant is 1/2 as tall as it's going to get and do what the Mescalero Apache does, pull the top over gradually and bury it in the ground.  That causes all the branches to turn upward and attempt to become main stems.  You can see the benefit of that. the top takes root and now the plant has two root systems
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Rhizomes are the underground stems of higher plants (Angiosperms). The cells are differentiated into various tissues.\n\nRhizoids are the undifferentiated multicellular structures of moses and liverworts (Bryophytes) usually in direct contact with the substrate (ground).
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They are called horizons.  The top inch or so is the top soil, the next 15 inches is the subsoil and then you come to the parent material.