In which phase do most earth materials have their graetest density?
447957
The solid phase.  Water is an exception.\nAlso some materials has more than one solid phase, such as carbon which has different structures and therefore different densities for graphic as opposed to diamond.
532046
woohoo geology... lets see if I remember anything...\n\nOkay here is a basic thing, the composition of rocks, especially it's silicate level, can tell us much about the molten/semimolten layers of Earth.... Okay I was enver very good in this subject, so look here...\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology
1103496
do u have its density?
57621
Anything that has a higher density than water.
555013
the most abundant substance in the earths crust is silicon dioxide (sand) and the most abundant on the planet is iron (the core is essentially all iron)
730051
I have read that the gaseous planets don't have a rocky core like the inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, & Mars. What scientists theorize is that they have a slushy sphere of ammonia, iron, and a number of elements that may be larger than our planet. But as the first answer correctly states is that there is no known boundary or crust to make an accurate measurement from for now.
888699
...AHEM....\n\nI would lean toward a young earth view, having 4 degrees in engineering I have opened more than a few textbooks in my day and still am \n\nA number of interesting texts would include the RATE PROJECT. There is a study done the last 8 years by RATE project  (Radioisotopes and the age of the earth)  and you can find material on it at \n http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2003/0821rate.asp\n\nsome surprising things about C14 roughly the same from the top of the geological column to the bottom even in diamonds classified as Cambrian...  this weaghs in the direction of a young earth\n\nalso some interesting things about helium in zircons a by product of Uranium decay not moving very far  for claimed old ages...  Zircons tend have Uranium , Uranium has 8 helium nuclei given off as it decays  and the helium has not moved far in all of history... 40% is still in the zircon... giving it an apparently young age as well
634933
Density and phase 0.626 g/cm3, liquid
397779
Most of the earth is made of iron and nickel.  This might not appear to be true at first because we see that the ground does not feel like metal, but the earth's inner and outer cores consist primarily of molten iron and nickel.  The earth's crust is only a few miles thick (at the thickest) and floats on top of the molten layers.
957267
Technically, you really want to know which has more mass (greater gravitational effect), or which has greater density.  Earth by far has more mass, and is far larger.  On the other hand, they are very close in average density.  The average density of Earth is 5.515 g/cm^3 (the densest planet in the solar system), the average density of Mercury is 5.427 g/cm^3 (#2).\n\nThe reason for this is quite interesting.  Like Earth, Mercury has an iron rich core, which means that early in its life Mercury separated out into the heavy dense metals and lighter rocks.  The light stuff floated to the top and became the crust, and the heavy stuff sank to the middle and became the core, just like Earth.\n\nIt seems, though, that sometime early in Mercury's history is collided with a huge planetesimals.  The collision stripped away almost all the crust, sending it into the sun and to the outer planets (Venus and Earth).  It was a cataclysmic collision, destroying the planet that was Mercury and leaving barely more than the core, which is what there is now.  Mercury used to be about 2.5 times bigger than it is now, bigger than Mars and rivaling Earth and Venus.  But because of that collision, little more than the core remains, which is why it is so dense.
748523
Saturn has a density less than water.  It's density is 0.6873 g/cm^3.  Water has a density of 1g/cm^3.
541190
Osmium is the densest element. 22.6 g/ml\nhttp://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c120/qzelemnt.html
1051685
http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_earth.html#coregravity\n\nThe Earth is picking up several tons per day of dust and other stuff, not including the very uncommon meteorite.
846443
Density is simply mass per unit volume.  The density of a substance is directly related to the atomic weight of the element composing it, ie., elements with higher atomic weight can be thought of as being “heavier”.   Another way of stating this is that equal volumes of two different substances have different densities because each different substance has a different mass (ie, atomic weight) and crystal structure.  There are many types of units which can be used to measure the mass of a substance (pounds, grams, etc.), just as there are many types of units which can be used to measure volume (cubic feet, cubic centimeters, etc.).  The standard units of measure for density are grams/cubic centimeter.  \n\nDifferent minerals or rocks can vary greatly in density, depending on their chemical make up.  Density is such a characteristic property of a substance that it may be used to identify the substance.  Geologists have found it useful to develop a system of comparing densities of different minerals or rocks by calculating a numerical value without units known as “specific gravity”.  The specific gravity is the weight of a substance compared to an equal volume of water.  Water is chosen as the substance for comparison because by definition it has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter (at 4o C), and also because it is such a common substance.  For example, compare the density of a rock like granite to water:  a cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds and a cubic foot of granite weighs 168 pounds.  The specific gravity of granite is:   168 / 62.5  =  2.7.   Granite is 2.7 times heavier than water.
201357
This is an awesome question!  Because it relates Newton's law of gravity to real life applications.  The simple answer is yes.\n\ng = Gm1m2/r^2 is Newton’s equation for gravity.  It basically says that any two objects exert an equal and opposite force on each other.  So with that lets apply this to your question.\n\nFirst lets find out how dense coal is.... between 1.25 and 1.5 (depending on the specific kind of coal your looking for) with coke coal which is the most commonly use coal (I think) its about 1.25.  1.25 g/mL isn't very dense; in fact liquid water at 25 C is 1 g/mL so that gives you an idea of how dense coal is.  \n\nWell density is a measure of how much mass is packed into a particular volume or area, so the less mass in a particular area the "lighter" that area is (this is not very specific but its the only word I can think of at 6 am).  Anyways, moving on, when satellites orbit the earth they actually speed up and slow down depending on where they are over the earth.  For instance, when a satellite travels over the Rocky Mountains it actually slows down.... Why?  Because of Newton’s law of gravity!  There is more dense material in the Rockies, and so there is a greater attractive force exerted on the satellite (of course it is very minute, obviously the satellite doesn't drop out of the sky) but nevertheless the satellite does experience a slight change in velocity.  So, if you get two satellites following each other, this change in velocity over certain areas of the earth can help a scientist determine the relative density of that portion of the earth.  So, if these two satellites are traveling over a part of the land, and detect a pretty low density for solid matter, say around 1.5 or even as much as 2.5... etc. Scientists can deduce pretty accurately the composition of matter in that particular location and this ability has enabled humans to locate coal underground without even having to start digging.\n\n\nPretty cool huh?\n\nSo in short, satellites velocity helps determine the density of specific areas of the earth.  This density can help us determine the composition of matter in these specific areas.  Areas of land with low densities may contain coal.\n\nOn last disclaimer, this is how I was taught in my college physics course as the way we find the specific densities of the earth.  However, there may be a more technologically advanced way that I don't know of, that is used to locate coal.\n\nHope this helps!
830453
The terms are similar, but they do differ.\n\nDensity, as usually expressed, is in grams/cubic centimeter-----for example, the element mercury has a density of 13.6 grams per cubic centimeter.Density is non-variable.\n\nSpecific Gravity is a way of relating weights of substances to the weight of water. Therefore, specific gravity, as we measure it, is really specific gravity in the earth's gravitational field at sea level at 0 degrees C.
976817
Actually, virtually the entire mass of the earth's surface has been through at least one cycle.\n \nMost scientists believe that the earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. This is based on the dating of meteorites thought to have formed during the creation of solar system. \n\nThe oldest earth minerals that have been dated gives dates of about 4.4 billion years old--these are recycled zircons in some rocks from  Australia. The zircons are fragments of igneous rocks that were eroded and redeposited in sediments, which were cemented to form sedimentary rocks, (estimate 3.6-3.8 billion years ago) and then metamorphosed. (1) The Acasta Gneiss Complex near Great Slave Lake, Canada has been dated as  about 4.030 billion years.(2) Gneiss is a metamorphic rock (therefore--at least two/3 parts of the rock cycle represented here alone.\n\nIn fact, rocks as old as the earth do not cover the earth--they have been recycled:\nA. The ocean basins cover half the earth, and the basement rocks of the ocean basins are "relatively" young, not older than 180 million years old--formed as igneous rocks along spreading ridges--from recycled material. \nB. Continents cover the other half of the earth. If you look at geologic maps of the continents, you will see that only the cores of the continents are made of old Precambrian rocks. For example: here's a map that shows the location of Precambrian rocks in the conterminous United States. They make up only a small part of the States. All the rest of the rocks are younger. The Precambrian includes all the rocks older than about 544 million years--which includes mostly rocks way younger than the inferred 4.5 billion year age of the Earth. \n The following website shows a map of all the rocks-by-age at the surface of the conterminous United States: http://tapestry.usgs.gov/two/color.html. And the next url gives the legend for the map. http://tapestry.usgs.gov/ages/ages.html.