How do parallel processors communicate?
435585
On an SMP system, Inter Processor Interrupts are used to coordinate with other processors. Is this what you are asking about?
259527
hi....i found the following link suitable as an answer to ur query....plz visit this link....i hope it will answer ur query....regards.\n\nhttp://www.systemshootouts.org/processors.html
195633
dual processors actually has 2 CPU processor chips on the motherboard.\n\ndual core is a psudo-dual processor technology that provides two, independant processing units on a single CPU chip.\n\nHope that helps !
691515
algorithms, data structures, computer organization
562566
Short answer is no.  Long answer is yes, but if you are asking this question then there is no way humanly possible for you to be taught in a forum such as this.  What you are describing is not really a supercomputer per se.  However in very broad general terms supercomputers do have multiple processors, memmory banks, and data storage.
251769
the differance between processors depends on many parameters, not only the speed, some of these parameters:\n1- The speed of the processor\n2- Level 1 of the cash memory\n3- Level 2 of the cash memory\n4- Any additional technologies in it such as 'hyperthreading' or 'dual core' or 'LGA' and so on\nbut i think in ur case the big differance in the speed of the two processors sides the celeron 1.3 'the better', but u must show also the cash memory it is very important parameter
20501
How Hyper-Threading Works \n \nFaster clock speeds are an important way to deliver more computing power, and Intel has led the way with industry-leading processor frequency. But clock speed is only half the story. The other route to higher performance is to accomplish more work on each clock cycle, and that's where Hyper-Threading Technology comes in. A single processor supporting Hyper-Threading Technology presents itself to modern operating systems and applications as two virtual processors. The processor can work on two sets of tasks simultaneously, use resources that otherwise would sit idle, and get more work done in the same amount of time. \n\nIn desktop and laptop PCs and entry-level workstations, HT Technology takes advantage of the multithreading capability that's built in to Windows* XP and many advanced applications. Multithreaded software divides its workloads into processes and threads that can be independently scheduled and dispatched. In a multiprocessor system, those threads execute on different processors. HT Technology allows a single Pentium 4 processor to function as two virtual or logical processors. There's still just one physical Pentium 4 processor in your PC — but the processor can execute two threads simultaneously.\n\nIn servers and high-performance workstations, Hyper-Threading Technology enables thread-level parallelism (TLP) by duplicating the architectural state on each processor while sharing one set of processor execution resources. When scheduling threads, the operating system treats the two distinct architectural states as separate "logical" processors, which allows multiprocessor capable software to run unmodified on twice as many logical processors. Although Hyper-Threading Technology will not provide the level of performance scaling achieved by adding a second processor, benchmark tests show some server applications can experience a 30 percent gain in performance. While this technology can boost applications running on Microsoft Windows* 2000 Advanced Server, it will perform best with operating systems that have been optimized for Hyper-Threading Technology, including Microsoft .NET* Server, Windows XP*, and certain versions of Linux*.
485043
Most programs have a starting point, follow an\nexecution path through the program, and finally\nhave an ending point.  These programs only have\na single "thread of execution".  Consider the\nsituation, however, where there is a "fork in the\nroad", and your program execution splits and\ngoes down *both* paths at the same time.\n\nIt's a more difficult model to engineer (since you\nhave to take care that the two executing components\ndon't interfere with each other), but it enables\nus to either logically partition a problem (ie. into\nproducer/consumer) or physically partition a problem\n(ie. onto the distinct hardware cores available\nfrom current processors).\n\nPeople sometimes use this phrase to cover both the\ncase of two "threads" (which share almost everything\nwithin a single process) as well as the case for\ntwo cooperating processes (which share almost nothing\nsince they are distinct processes).\n\nThe wikipedia reference in the previous answer is a great\nresource, but I thought this might be a more gentle\nintroduction.
521256
Direct communication handles the propagation and management of message streams between the involved co-workers. Services include the creation, transfer, synchronization and filtering message streams.\n\nThe direct communication can occur in synchronously. In the synchronous mode a real-time communication link is established and the information is exchanged in real-time between the synchronization of multiple message streams such as audio, video and data. \n\nThe data component itself may consist of multiple streams; for example one data stream contains the shared group document while other data streams may specify telepointer coordinates of the different group members. The communication has to be adapted to the available network bandwidth and to the quality of service requirements as well as to the characteristics of the coordination tasks. Examples of the latter case are the urgency of the coordination or the relationship between the group members such as does there already exist a trusted relationship between them because they cooperated successfully in the past? A trusted relationship required a much smaller communication channel because there is already a mutual understanding between the involved partners. Thus, it is not necessary to specify explicitly all coordination goals and requirements.\n\nAn increasingly important technical concept to model and implement direct communication is that of group communication. Every co-worker is represented by a separate system component which is executed in the local environment. All these components are combined into the single abstraction of a group. Messages sent to the group are automatically distributed to all group components and thus, delivered to all co-workers. Besides message delivery, group communication incorporates further mechanisms, such as group management, ordering of messages and atomic message delivery despite network or host failures.\n\n\nIn the context of direct communication, information is actively propagated to the co-workers. Coordination of group activities is based on events caused by the information flow.\n\n\nIndirect communication is based on asynchronously mode where the existence of a central or a distributed workspace which contains all the shared artifacts of the group works. The work space is passive and it may be browsed or queried to determined group documents for retrieval. Modifications of shared artifacts may cause notification which is propagated to interested co-workers. \n\nAsynchronous communication is typically based on email such as there is no real-time interaction between the involved co-workers. Thus, the requirements for the necessary communication infrastructure are less stringent than for the synchronous communication.\n\n \nFigure: Synchronous and asynchronous for direct and indirect communication in Groupware\n\nFigure above shows the synchronous and asynchronous for direct and indirect communication while designing a real system. These modes must be treated differently.\n \nFigure: Direct communication and Indiorect communication in Groupware within shared artifacts\n\nFigure above represent the direct and indirect communication between Groupware where the participants considering that in most cases the participants are working on shared artifacts and some of the communication and coordination is done via manipulation of the shared artifacts.
391328
In a multi programming environment a processor may handle no. of programs at a time. Each program may have more than one modules running simultaniosly (for eg. u are opening two files in different windows of a notepad) then there will have two process for notepad.exe. Processor handles all the processes in a system in time sharing basis. Process is a program module submitted to the processor for execution.\n\nStepping is the revision/version number of a processor. (for eg. intel p4 2Ghz processor will have many versions/revisions)
470604
its about transferring of data as we all know that data is used and while data is used it has to feed to the computer i.e input and result to be get backed i.e output so we need transferring of data the 32 bit processor say that it can transfer the data at a rate of 32 bits and 62 bit processor say that it can transfer the data at 64 bits.
14463
You are going to need to provide more information about your question.  I don't believe anyone is going to have enough context to answer it.  Where are you seeing "PROCESSOR_LEVEL=15"?  What type of mapping is going on?  \n\nSorry I can't answer your question, but at least I can let you know that you're not being ignored.
258501
The most common modern computers consist of processors, memories, timers, disk or tape drives, terminals, and wide variety of other devices. Operating systems manage these hardware devices and resources, and provide controlled access to these devices for the user programs [Tan92]. The rapid growth in technology allows us to have faster hardware devices than past generations; however, not every type of device has increased its speed at the same rate. For example, disk drives have improved in speed of access, but due to the mechanical limit in rotation, the overall speed increase is not as significant as processors or other devices [RR96]. The fundamental difference between mechanical devices and semiconductor materials causes this disparity in performance. \nConsider a user program waiting for the data to be fetched from a disk. Because of the time disparity between the disk drive and the processor, the program causes the CPU to be idle for a significantly long time. The concept of multiprogramming is inspired by the fact that while the CPU is idle for one program waiting for the some resource to be available, the CPU can execute instructions for other programs. \n\nThe modern operating systems like UNIX not only does multiprogramming, but also timesharing. Timesharing is a variant concept of multiprogramming, and means that the system appears to be executing multiple instances of programs simultaneously. Consider an analogy that a busy individual who needs to cook and do laundry. Two jobs, cooking and washing clothes, can be done one after another, but it is more efficient to be done at the same time, because some stages of both jobs may require waiting for something. While the individual is waiting for the clothes to be dried, it is possible to do something for cooking. \n\nIn a timesharing system like UNIX, a process becomes the basic active entity and the most central key object. The following will discuss the definition, modeling, and properties of processes.
838581
CPU's - Central processing units\nGPU's  - Graphics Processing Units
171930
You have a processor, some memory, and some input/output devices.  The processor fetches instructions in sequence from a memory location, and modifies its internal state based on them.  The instructions also may tell it to write data out to memory, or make a call to an I/O device.  Hard drives, printers, monitors, and keyboards are all I/O devices.
753743
Many, many things.\nRead here:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_server
808683
The parallel port worked pretty good with scanners and other high speed devices in it's day.  I often wondered why other digital interfaces weren't built around it.  \n\nData transfer rates are limited to 150 KBps in the forward direction and 50 KBps in the reverse direction.\n\nBut USB speeds go up to 12 Mbps, so you can see why the movement is toward USB. \n\nsee http://macspeedzone.com/archive/5.0/usbcomparison.html\n\nThe last computer that I bought (for a customer) did not have a Parallel port at all.  His old computer was connected to a Canon printer through he parallel port.  So I had to add a USB cable to this system.  My customer reported that his printouts are MUCH faster with the new computer.  Obviously, the magic is in the USB 2.0 spec.\n\nGood luck