What is a stream drainage patterns?
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Over time, a stream system achieves a particular drainage pattern to its network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by local geologic factors. Drainage patterns or nets are classified on the basis of their form and texture. Their shape or pattern develops in response to the local topography and subsurface geology.
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alluvial soils - soil deposited by water: sediment deposited by flowing water, especially soil formed in river valleys and deltas from material washed down by the river.\n \n\nwadi - (1) mainly dry water course: a steep-sided watercourse in dry regions of North Africa and southern Asia through which water flows only after heavy rainfalls  (2) an oasis, especially in North Africa\n\n\noasis - (1) fertile land in desert: fertile ground in a desert where the level of underground water rises to or near ground level, and where plants grow and travelers can replenish water supplies.\n\n\ndelta - deposit of clastic** sediment where a stream enters a lake, river, or ocean.\n\n** clastic sediment is sediment consisting of fragments of minerals, rocks, and other material.)
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What your actually thinking of are baffles. These cause the water to travel in a zig zag way or even perpendicular to flow direction. This slows the water by taking its Kinetic Energy and so reduces wear on other structures or machinery
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A bar is a linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water.\n\nA spit is a deposition landform found off coasts.
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http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=stream+thinning
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River morphology (shape) is controlled by a number of characteristics. River channels can be broken into three types, straight rivers, single channel meandering rivers, and braided rivers (multi-channel). The amount and size of the sediment the river carries, the slope of the river channel, and the amount of water in the river determine the shape of the river channel. \n\nStraight rivers tend to have the lowest sediment load and the lowest slope. Meandering rivers have slightly more slope, and much more sediment load, and braided rivers have both the highest slopes and greatest sediment loads. \n\nRiver channels in cross section often have a cup-like  shape with the deepest portion, known as the thalweg, found on one side or the other. This thalweg has the highest flow velocity and because it flows faster it can cut into the bank it is closest to, while the shallow part of the river slows down and drops sediment. This action causes both meandering rivers and braided rivers to move their channels from side to side in a valley over time. Straight channel rivers also have thalwegs that move but the effect is much less. \n\nAs rivers go from mountainous terrain to nearly flat valleys they change from braided streams and rivers to meandering rivers. As they approach sea level they form deltas where the flow often separates into separate branching channels. A great deal of the sediment load of the river is deposited on the delta, and as the river flows into the ocean it builds the delta outward. Rivers like the Mississippi have built deltas far out into the ocean with sediment piles that are several miles deep.
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The winding nature of many river channels is called meandering, also referred to as sinuosity. The sinuosity of a river is not just the result of water taking the easiest path. There are many internal and external factors that determine the overall channel pattern. To some extent there is still debate within the science about what factors are most important.  There are mathematical formulas that can be used to compare different rivers, but they are not quite good enough to actually explain all the variables yet. \n\nIf you look at a map you will see that the sinuosity of a river has a predictable wavelength (length of a full turn) and amplitude (width of a meander across the river flood plain), so it is clearly not a random process. One useful formula that relates the bankfull discharge of a river to its meander wavelength is the following:\n\nLength of meander=L\nBankfull discharge (volume of the river)= Qb\n\nL=54.3 (square root of Qb)\n\nThe factors that affect the size of meanders that are external to the river are things like the type and density of vegetation along the river bank, the type of material in the river bed and bank, the overall volume and variability of the river volume, and the overall gradient of the river. The higher the gradient the less likely a river will meander. Rivers that meander widely are typically flowing across a river-deposited flood plain of sand, silt and clay materials, but because these materials are not always deposited evenly the inconsistency will affect the river channel migration. Along many meandering rivers there are forests growing, and as trees fall into the rivers they can have major effects on the current flow.  \n\nThe internal factors probably have much more to do with the strong tendency of rivers to meander (at least that is my opinion) and create the regularity of meanders. Small oscillations within flowing water creates alternating bed profiles along the length of most rivers. These alternating bed profiles correspond to higher and lower gradients resulting in faster and slower speeds of flow.  These two bed profiles are known as riffles and pools. The riffles are typically spaced about 5-7 times the width of the river apart, along the length of the river and usually have bottom sediments of the largest size found in the river (more gravel, cobbles, etc). Turbulence in the river created by these variations in the bottom of the river creates cyclone-like spirals of water that will both erode the bottoms of pools and when they diverge they will build bars and riffles in the middle of the channel. \n\nThis internal turbulence also causes bank erosion, and once it begins it is self-perpetuating. As the meander begins to form, the water moving along the outside of the meander actually piles up, causing more bank erosion, and the higher speed of the water along the outside of the meander also allows the water to erode and carry more material. Meanwhile, the inside of the meander is the slowest moving water and will deposit material, building a sand bar, also called a point bar.\n\nThe meanders eventually reach a limit of size (amplitude) either when they encounter the edge of the flood plain and bedrock, or when they get so wide they begin to intersect each other. As this happens the river will cut them off forming an oxbow. Other times at flood stage a river will scour away the point bars and abandon its own meanders until flow returns to normal and the process of building meanders starts anew. \n\nHere is a good resource with some illustrations of the process:\nhttp://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/6664/6664.ch04.html
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I have never heard of the term.  I would guess that it is the distance from the furthest portion of a tributary area to the outlet of the area.
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try http://www.virtualflybox.com/. or http://www.sportfishingbc.com/. both sites have a comprehensive list of fly patterns. really hope it helps.\ntight lines to you.
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Lakes, river, ponds, streams
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The transfer of water from a stream, lake, aquifer, or other source of water by a canal, pipe, well, or other conduit to another watercourse or to the land. \n\nhttp://www.cec.org/files/pdf/sem/06-2-SUB_en.pdf\n\nhttp://www.pca.state.mn.us/publications/mnenvironment/winter2006/diversion.html\n\nhttp://www.energybulletin.net/16208.html\n\nhttp://www.srbc.net/diversionpolicy.htm
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It's called a river delta. For example, the Mississippi Delta, the Nile Delta, etc. You could also be referring to a river channel mouth bar, which is only a small part of a delta found where the water speed slows from the opening up of the channel into the open ocean, thus causing the water to drop its sediment load.
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To sustain life(fauna/flora) on earth especially inland area.\nWater Cycle:\nOcean evaporate > vapour rise to sky > condense form cloud >\nmeet cold front become rain > rain form stream >stream form river > river flow to coast.\nwhen the cycle is disrupt or changed, drought/flood occurs.\nthe site below is an US site for:
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Floods are measured using electronic sensors & gauges in the rivers' banks & on the sides of bridges. Sometimes they still use the wire from the bridge & the oldest trick, the ruler method.\n\nThe USGS has them located along major creeks, streams, & rivers.\n\nThey are especially important where roadways cross running water or are nearby housing developments.
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water and drainage, respectively
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Imagine you have a drainage network of rivers, tributaries, and streams.  Now imagine one particular path of drainage, from head waters to delta.  If somehow (erosion, for example) somewhere along this path the water found a new shortcut to another part of the drainge system, then that water would have been "autocaptured".\n\nGet out a map of Illinois and the surrounding area.  The Illinos Waterway goes from Lake Michigan at Chicago to the Mississippi river at St. Louis.  The Mississipi river flows along the western border of Illinois.  Now look at the area between LaSalle, Ill. (on the Waterway) and Davenport, Iowa (by the Mississippi).  There is a set of streams in this area.  If they managed to link together and cause the Mississippi to be diverted near Davenport to LaSalle, then the Illinois Waterway would have captured the Mississippi.  Since these are part of the same drainage system, it would be called an autocapture.\n\nThe link below may explain better with illustrations. Look at pages 9 and 10:\nhttp://www.geography.wisc.edu/classes/geog320/network_and_basin.pdf
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They are meanders.   They can develop into oxbow lakes if, for example, the meander is like a C so that the ends of the C are close together.   Then, if there is a flood, the water may join the ends together, forming a D shape (can't turn the D round!), the water rushes down the straight edge, depositing silt where the C shape meets the straight edge.   Then you end up with an oxbow lake.   \n\nThen I thought I would find a little bit of information for you about meanders that would not confuse you as much as my oxbow explanation!\n\nA meander is a bend in a river, also known as an oxbow loop. A stream or river flowing through a wide valley or flat plain will tend to form a meandering stream course as it alternatively erodes and deposits sediments along its course. The result is a snaking pattern as the stream meanders back and forth across its floodplain. When a meander gets cut off from the main stream body, an oxbow lake is formed.\n\nA meander is formed because the river flows faster on the outside edge of any small curve and slower along the inside edge. Deposition of sediment occurs on the inner edge because the river, moving slowly, cannot carry its sediment load, creating a slip-off slope. The faster moving current on the outside bend has more erosive ability and the meander tends to grow in the direction of the outside bend, forming a river cliff. This can be seen in areas where willows grow on the banks of rivers; on the inside of meanders, willows are often far from the bank, whilst on the outside of the bend, the roots of the willows are often exposed and undercut, eventually leading the trees to fall into the river. This demonstrates the river's movement.\n\nOrigin of term\nThe term derives from the Maeander River river in Turkey, characterised by a very convoluted path. As such, early usage of the term, from the late 1500s, referred to convoluted and windy speech and ideas, as well as the geomorphological feature. The river in Turkey is called Menderes River, south of Izmir, near the town of ancient Greek town of Miletos.\n\nMeander ratio\nMeander ratio is a means of quantifying how much a river or stream meanders (how much its course deviates from the shortest possible path). It is calculated as the length of the stream divided by the length of the valley. A perfectly straight river would have a meander ratio of 1 (it would be the same length as its valley), while the higher this ratio is above 1, the more the river meanders.