how is slate extracted from the ground?
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Slate is shale that has been metamorphized.  It is mined or in this instance quarried is a more precise term. It is layered in the ground in sheets. The overburden is first removed. The sheets are then cut into large sections and then separated by prying apart.
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The layering within metamorphic rocks is called foliation (derived from the Latin word folia, meaning "leaves"), and it occurs when a strong compressive force is applied from one direction to a recrystallizing rock. This causes the platy or elongated crystals of minerals, such as mica and chlorite, to grow with their long axes perpendicular to the direction of the force. This results in a banded, or foliated, rock, with the bands showing the colours of the minerals that formed them.\n\nTextures are separated into foliated and non-foliated categories. Foliated rock is a product of differential stress that deforms the rock in one plane, sometimes creating a plane of cleavage: for example, slate is a foliated metamorphic rock, originating from shale. Non-foliated rock does not have planar patterns of stress.\n\nRocks that were subjected to uniform pressure from all sides, or those which lack minerals with distinctive growth habits, will not be foliated. Slate is an example of a very fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock, while phyllite is coarse, schist coarser, and gneiss very coarse-grained. Marble is generally not foliated, which allows its use as a material for sculpture and architecture.\n\nAnother important mechanism of metamorphism is that of chemical reactions that occur between minerals without them melting. In the process atoms are exchanged between the minerals, and thus new minerals are formed. Many complex high-temperature reactions may take place, and each mineral assemblage produced provides us with a clue as to the temperatures and pressures at the time of metamorphism.\n\nMetasomatism is the drastic change in the bulk chemical composition of a rock that often occurs during the process of metamorphism. It is due to the introduction of chemicals from other surrounding rocks. Water may transport these chemicals rapidly over great distances. Because of the role played by water, metamorphic rocks generally contain many elements that were absent from the original rock, and lack some which were originally present. Still, the introduction of new chemicals is not necessary for recrystallization to occur.
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The Manufacturing\nProcess\nQuarrying limestone\n\n    * 1 Approximately 95 percent of the limestone produced in the United States is quarried. After a sufficient reserve (twenty-five years' worth is recommended) has been prospected, the land that covers the deposit is removed with bulldozers and scrapers. If the chalk is close to the surface, an open shelf quarry method can be used; however, this is very rare. Usually an open pit quarry method is used instead. In this method, holes are drilled into the rock, explosives are placed inside, and the rock is blown apart. Depending on the nature of the deposit, a pit can be enlarged laterally or vertically.\n\nPulverizing the chalk\n\n    * 2 Once comparatively large chunks of limestone have been quarried, they need to be transported to crushing machines, where they are pulverized to meet the demands of the chalk industry. The first step is primary crushing. Various crushers exist, but the principle is the same: all compress the stone with jaws or a cone, or shatter it through impact. Secondary crushing is accomplished by smaller crushers that work at higher speeds, producing pebbles which are then ground and pulverized.\n    * 3 The next phase, wet grinding, washes away impurities. It is used to make the fine grade of limestone necessary to make chalk suitable for writing purposes. Wet grinding is carried out in ball mills—rotating steel drums with steel balls inside that pulverize the chalk until it is very fine.\n\nAfter grinding, the chalk particles are sifted over vibrating screens to separate the finer particles. The particles are then mixed with water, extruded through a die of the proper size, and cut to the proper length. Finally, the chalk is cured in an oven for four days.\nAfter grinding, the chalk particles are sifted over vibrating screens to separate the finer particles. The particles are then mixed with water, extruded through a die of the proper size, and cut to the proper length. Finally, the chalk is cured in an oven for four days.\n\nDehydrating gypsum\n\n    * 4 Gypsum, like limestone, is also quarried and pulverized. The major difference in processing gypsum is that it must be dehydrated to form calcium sulfate, the major component of colored chalk. This is done in a kettle, a large combustion chamber in which the gypsum is heated to between 244 and 253 degrees Fahrenheit (116-121 degrees Celsius). It is allowed to boil until it has been reduced by twelve to fifteen percent, at which point its water content will have been reduced from 20.9 percent to between 5 and 6 percent. To further reduce the water, the gypsum is reheated to about 402 degrees Fahrenheit (204 degrees Celsius), at which point it is removed from the kettle. By now, almost all of the water has evaporated, leaving calcium sulfate.\n\nSifting, cleaning, and shipping\nthe chalk\n\n    * 5 The particles of chalk or calcium sulfate are now conveyed to vibrating screens that sift out the finer material. The ensuing fine chalk is then washed, dried, packed in bags, and shipped to the manufacturer. Upon receiving chalk or calcium sulfate, the chalk factory usually grinds the materials again to render them smooth and uniformly fine.\n\nMaking white classroom chalk\n\n    * 6 To make white classroom chalk, the manufacturer adds water to form a thick slurry with the consistency of clay. The slurry is then placed into and extruded from a die—an orifice of the desired long, thin shape. Cut into lengths of approximately 24.43 inches (62 centimeters), the sticks are next placed on a sheet that contains places for five such sticks. The sheet is then placed in an oven, where the chalk cures for four days at 188 degrees Fahrenheit (85 degrees Celsius). After it has cured, the sticks are cut into 80 millimeters lengths.\n\nMaking colored classroom chalk\n\n    * 7 Pigments (dry, natural, colored materials) are mixed in with the calcium carbonate while both are dry (the procedure is similar to sifting flo
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You drill multiple holes in the ground.
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you just select a back ground
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rock formed from layered sediments that pile up and squeeze together, providing clues to the earth's past. an example is sandstone.
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Looks like it is separated out by hand.  The ore is passed under an ultraviolet light in a darkened area.
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Pick it up and drag it.
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weathering is where the material is actually broken down where as erosion is what moves it to another place
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This should answer your question...I had the same question, and it was informative for me.\n\nhttp://www.slate.com/id/2142159/?GT1=8190
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Decomposed granite.\n\nhttp://www.redding.com/redd/news/article/0,2232,REDD_17523_3738978,00.html\n\nI couldn't find any formal rules for the shotput that requires such material, but decomposed granite seems to be the standard for this kind of track and field application.\n\ngood luck.
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It rose from the ground.
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Coal is hard to transport, you need large rail system to move the coal \nfrom place to place. \n\nAs most coal is extracted from the earth by strip-mining, this can cause serious harm and devastation to the land. \n\nStrip mining as well as underground mining, another way to extract coal, leaves behind large quantities of waste rock\n\nAcid leaching from the wastes contaminates streams and rivers.\n\nDisposal problem of ash that is created when coal is burned\n\nThe sulfur dioxide emitted when coal is combusted is primary cause of acid rain\n\nThe carbon dioxide created in the atmosphere during the burning of coal has the potential to change the earths climate creating global warming
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sand is small pieces of rock that has been eroded away from a larger stone.it would take years to get a few pounds of sand from a 25 pound rock but wind rain and snow will break down the rock to produce sand. soil is dirt formed from leaves and twigs from trees. all this will decay and produce soil along with rain and other dying vegetation.go into a densely wooded area and you will find soil.be sure its a hardwood forest.that means maples oaks and other varieties of trees but not conifers, conifers are of the pine family and fir all evergreens.the foilage dropped this fall will take about 2 1/2 to 3 years to decay enough to be soil which is the best for growing flowers and bulbs
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Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (strip mining). It is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. It is composed primarily of carbon along with assorted other elements, including sulfur. Often associated with the Industrial Revolution, coal remains an enormously important fuel and is the largest single source of electricity world-wide. In the United States, for example, the burning of coal generates 50% of the electricity consumed.
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remove outer skin, peel of a layer, pulverise it in a pestle and mortar, actually look at the website, its a really good explanation!
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Dont know about in the USA but in the UK airspace is "such height as is necessary for the ordinary use and enjoyment of the land and the structures upon it" Lord Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews & General Ltd, and the ground under land is owned although any minerals found will likely be owned by the state