What is ‘ownership’ with reference  to business and what are its main forms.?
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Owners of a business could be anybody from entrepreneur to a franchise purchaser.  The main forms of ownership are sole proprietors, partners, copreneurs...anybody who starts their own business or purchases somebody else's business, purchases a franchise, or starts a corporation.
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Since the Thachter Government of 1979 onwwards most things are privatised. The only remaining State owned companies are: \n\nBritish Nuclear Fuel \nThe Post Office\nThe Police \nThe Prision service (although a number of the prisions are privately owned) \nThe BBC \nThe Schools, Colleges and Universties \nThe Health service \n\nChannel 4 and associted chanels (but ran independently)\n\n\nEven with these a number of services like cleaning, catering, repair and mainteance is carried out by private contractors\n \nEverything you list in your question is privately owned.
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income statement or profit and loss\nbalance sheet\ncash flow\nretained earnings statement or statement of changes in owner's equity
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FRANCHISEE*********LETS YOU   "OWN"   THAT   BUSINESS\n\nLICENSEE*******LETS YOU  "OPERATE"  THAT  BUSINESS
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It is a state owned business. \nWhat that means is no private person/firm/company can own shares in that enterprise. It is 100% controlled by the state. When it gets privatized then it is a public business.
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Way to many variables to give a satisfactory answer.  It will depend heavily on your specific circumstances and you should consult a lawyer or accountant, or both for a final answer.  In simple terms:\n\nPartnerships are just regular sole proprietorships that are run by more than one person.  Gains/losses, etc can be split in many different ways, but in the end the taxes are paid by the owners as individual income.\n\nC Corps are completely autonomous entities.  They make money, incur expenses, and pay taxes at a corporate rate after you net the two.  Capital is the money that is provided by the owners (stock for major corps).  Any return of capital is considered non taxable.  Most payments that an owner receives, though, will be in the form of wages.  This is an expense for the corporation but is taxable to the owner.\n\nS corps are similar to C corps except that the earnings are considered to be earned by the individual.  The corporation does not pay tax as all earnings flow through to the owner.  As a general rule this form of business is the most advantageous.
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It appears that no individual or firm has controlling interest.\n   Yahoo/finance shows that the highest category of ownership - at 14% - are Institutions and Mutual Funds.
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Depending on the size of the company it is either: The owner, maintenence supervisor, director of purchasing, or it could be in hands of the owner of the building if it is leased, not owned.
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Assuming you are meaning a holding company in being  a company that owns enough voting stock in another company to control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors, then here is my answer.\n\nA Holding company, by controlling the managment decisions frees up company resources to focus on the actual product or service they generate. The Holding Company taking on this role of responsibility also frees up some decision making processes that the true owner would be repsonsible for.\n\nThis results in a reduction of risk for the original owners. And the holding company can take on several management roles of many companies using the same cookie cutter methods that work, versus each individual company trying to see what works and wasting the time/money/resources in figureing it all out.
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someone wants to buy partial ownership of a company, and someone wants to sell partial ownership.  The stock is transferred, and fees are extracted for the service.  Someone eventually wins and someone loses, but the financial institutions make money on the trade no matter what.
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I recommend going over to the National Center for Employee Ownership at http://www.nceo.org . They have several informative articles and resources focusing on how employee ownership works. \n\nOne article is entitled "A Conceptual Guide to Employee Ownership for Very Small Businesses" http://www.nceo.org/library/verysmall.html, which outlines the idea behind employee ownership and how a business can be structured using this business model. They also have articles on an introduction and overview  of employee ownership. \n\nThey also have a list of companies using or testing employee ownership, which you can find at:\nhttp://www.nceo.org/nceo/links_member_companies.html\n\nHope this helps\nIsabel Isidro\nFor information on starting a home business visit http://www.powerhomebiz.com
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It's a perceptual notion of company's worth divided by total number of issued shares. company's worth is considered in terms of existing assets and what is it going to create in near future with the help of its vision, employees, customers and competitors...
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a single proprietoship is a business owned by one person.\na partnership is a business owned by more than one person.
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The term is usually "possession is 9/10ths of the Law".  It means that possession of something shows ownership and is agreed up 90% of the time by the legal system.  But that was back when people were more honest and had a conscious.  The general public respected the law and people's property.
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Adverse possession means openly holding property adverse to the interests of the owner for a period of years, sometimes as long as 20.\n\nIf the owner knows and approves of your use of the property, possession is not adverse.\n\nIf the owner does not and could not know of your use, possession is not adverse.\n\nIf you have not been in possession adversely for years and years, possession is not adverse.\n\nIt's basically really hard to do.
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Most probably an LLC\n\nA corporation differs from the other legal forms of business in that the law regards it as an artificial being possessing the same rights and responsibilities as a person. This means that, unlike sole proprietorships or partnerships, it has an existence separate from its owners. It has all the legal rights of an individual in regards to conducting commercial activity -- it can sue, be sued, own property, sell property, and sell the rights of ownership in the form of exchanging stock for money.  \n\nAs a result, the corporation offers some unique advantages. These include (1) limited liability: owners are not personally responsible for the debts of the business, (2) the ability to raise capital by selling shares of stock, and (3) easy transfer of ownership from one individual to another. Plus, unlike the sole proprietorship and partnership, the corporation has "unlimited life" and thus the potential to outlive its original owners.  \n\nThe main disadvantage of the corporate form can be summed up in two words: taxation and complexity. In what amounts to double taxation, you must pay taxes on both the income the corporation earns and the income you earn as an individual. Along with this, corporations are required to pay an annual tax on all outstanding shares of stock. Given its complexity, a corporation is both more difficult and more expensive to start than are the sole proprietor­ship and the partnership. In order to form a corporation, you must be granted a charter by the state in which your home-based business is located. For a small business the cost of incorporating usually ranges from $500 to $1,500. This includes the costs for legal assistance in drawing up your charter, state incorporation fees, and the purchase of record books and stock certificates. And, since corporations are subject to closer regulation by the government, the owners must bear the ongoing cost of preparing and filing state and federal reports.  \n\nLLCs offer greater flexibility in ownership and ease of operation. There are no restrictions on the ownership of an LLC. An LLC is simpler to operate because it is not subject to the formalities by which S corps must abide. An LLC can be member-managed, meaning that the owners run the company; or it can be manager-managed, with responsibility delegated to managers who may or may not be owners in the LLC. \n\nAnd the owners of an LLC can distribute profits in the manner they see fit.
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SOLE PROPRIETORSHIPS and PARTNERSHIPS\n------------------------------------------\nFor many new businesses, the best initial ownership structure is either a sole proprietorship or -- if more than one owner is involved -- a partnership.\n\nA sole proprietorship is a one-person business that is not registered with the state as a limited liability company (LLC) or corporation. You don't have to do anything special or file any papers to set up a sole proprietorship -- you create one just by going into business for yourself.\n\nLegally, a sole proprietorship is inseparable from its owner -- the business and the owner are one and the same. This means the owner of the business reports business income and losses on her personal tax return and is personally liable for any business-related obligations, such as debts or court judgments.\n\nSimilarly, a partnership is simply a business owned by two or more people that hasn't filed papers to become a corporation or a limited liability company (LLC). No paperwork needs to be filed to form a partnership -- the arrangement begins as soon as you start a business with another person. As in a sole proprietorship, the partnership's owners pay taxes on their shares of the business income on their personal tax returns and they are each personally liable for the entire amount of any business debts and claims.\n\nSole proprietorships and partnerships make sense in a business where personal liability isn't a big worry -- for example, a small service business in which you are unlikely to be sued and for which you won't be borrowing much money for inventory or other costs. \n\n\nLIMITED PARTNERSHIPS\n--------------------------\nLimited partnerships are costly and complicated to set up and run, and are not recommended for the average small business owner. Limited partnerships are usually created by one person or company, the "general partner," who will solicit investments from others -- who will be the limited partners.\n\nThe general partner controls the limited partnership's day-to-day operations and is personally liable for business debts (unless the general partner is a corporation or an LLC). Limited partners have minimal control over daily business decisions or operations and, in return, they are not personally liable for business debts or claims. Consult a limited partnership expert if you're interested in creating this type of business.\n\n\nCORPORATIONS and LIMITED LIABILITY CORPORATIONS\n-------------------------------------------------\nForming and operating an LLC or a corporation is a bit more complicated and costly, but well worth the trouble for some small businesses. The main benefit of an LLC or a corporation is that these structures limit the owners' personal liability for business debts and court judgments against the business.\n\nWhat sets the corporation apart from all other types of businesses is that a corporation is an independent legal and tax entity, separate from the people who own, control and manage it. Because of this separate status, the owners of a corporation don't use their personal tax returns to pay tax on corporate profits -- the corporation itself pays these taxes. Owners pay personal income tax only on money they draw from the corporation in the form of salaries, bonuses and the like.\n\nLLCs are similar to corporations because they also provide limited personal liability for business debts and claims. But when it comes to taxes, LLCs are more like partnerships: the owners of an LLC pay taxes on their shares of the business income on their personal tax returns.\n\nCorporations and LLCs make sense for business owners who either 1) run a risk of being sued by customers or clients or run the risk of piling up a lot of business debts, or 2) have a good deal of personal assets they want to protect from business creditors. \n\n\nNONPROFIT CORPORATIONS\n---------------------------\nA nonprofit corporation is a corporation forme