what are the "jim crow" laws & where did they get their name?
96429
Jim Crow was more than a series of rigid anti-Black laws. Here are some websites about it: http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=definition+of+jim+crow+laws&rs=0&fr2=rs-top&ei=UTF-8&fr=FP-tab-web-t\n\nhttp://www.ferris.edu/news/jimcrow/who.htm
540195
Legend has it that the nickname dates back to the American Civil War. Supposedly, during a battle in Virginia, the North Carolinian troops held their ground while supporting troops retreated. After the battle, supporting troops asked the victorious North Carolinians: "Any more tar down in the Old North State, boys?" and they replied: "No, not a bit; old Jeff's bought it all up." The supporting troops continued: "Is that so? What is he going to do with it?" The North Carolinian troops' response: "He is going to put it on you'ns heels to make you stick better in the next fight."
137024
Andrew Jackson was known as "Old Hickory".  You can find a biography which explains how he got the nickname here: http://statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us/nc/bio/public/jackson.htm
959259
Very good question, I don't know why black people are called African Americans. Some black people have never even been to Africa. But it everyone wants to get technical we are all African Americans. when life frist started we all came from Africa. When all the contenients were together it was call something like( shit I forgot the name ) but africa was the center of it all . even in biblicul times, it said we all came from that region. So again we are all African american in a way
86414
There is an interesting history of the names that African Americans have chosen for themselves in the last 100 years or so. This is associated with the linguistic phenomenon called "pejorization" (words develop negative connotations).\n\nAbout 100 years ago, AA wanted to call themselves "colored" (for example, consider the NAACP). \n\nBut that became tainted and seemed old fashioned, so they moved to using "negro" (remember the United Negro College Fund). \n\nBut that became tainted and seemed old fashioned, so they moved to using "black" (remember "black power" and "black is beautiful, baby").\n\nBut that became tainted and seemed old fashioned, so they moved to using "Afro-American" (it was the 70's, with platform shoes and bell bottoms and disco, what can I say?).\n\nBut that seemed old fashioned, so they moved to using "African American" (I think Jesse Jackson initiated that, to be parallel with Italian Americans, or Jewish Americans, or German Americans, or Hispanic Americans, or Japanese Americans, etc). \n\nNow you can still sometimes here "people of color" if the person wants to be hip and cool (back to the colored nomenclature). \n\nThe "N" word has evolved from being probably a mispronounciation of the word "negro" to being simultaneously:\n1. the worst curse word that currently exists in American English, worse than the "C" word (which is much less controversial in the UK, and in French just means "silly"). Broadcasters in the US that allow the "N" word on the air can be subject to immense fines by the FCC. \n2. a hip, cool word used by rappers and gang-bangers (most of color, but some caucasian imitators).
540834
First there were negroes, then coloreds, then blacks and now African-Americans. Why change a name before it can even become old?  Why change a good name at all?
280311
This speech was delivered by Willie Lynch on the bank of the James River in the colony of Virginia in 1712.  Lynch was a British slave owner in the West Indies.  He was invited to the colony of Virginia in 1712 to teach his methods to slave owners  there. The term "lynching" is derived
960687
but blacks don't know where they came from in Africa and have no culture from there or language from there not even a recipe from there so how could they begin to know names that had meaning ?all the blacks here know is what the whites have taught them.that's why you use to hear names like Jefferson and Lincoln and what ever .These newer names that some have adopted are so different ,but you usually can tell if the person wearing the name is black.Although some say these names are a hold back and they may be,I understand the need   the people have to have something their own.That's why Hip-Hop and music is so important to them because they want to feel as if they are a part of some thing their own.I like my name and I can't think of a more Euro name than Regina,but hey my parents were here and all they knew of Africa was not enough to give me any thing else.
121060
Jim Crow laws dont effect anyone anymore.  Our country correct that mistake a long time ago.
337293
The first instance of it was in 1866 appearing under the umbrella of civil rights laws.   \n  \nOriginally, civil rights programs were enacted to help African Americans become full citizens of the United States. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution made slavery illegal; the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law; the Fifteenth Amendment forbids racial discrimination in access to voting. The 1866 Civil Rights Act guarantees every citizen "the same right to make and enforce contracts ... as is enjoyed by white citizens ... " \n\nIn 1896, the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson upheld a "separate, but equal" doctrine that proved to be anything but equal for African Americans. The decision marked the end of the post-Civil War reconstruction era as Jim Crow laws spread across the South. \n\nIn 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802 which outlawed segregationist hiring policies by defense-related industries which held federal contracts. Roosevelt's signing of this order was a direct result of efforts by Black trade union leader, A. Philip Randolph. \n\nDuring 1953 President Harry S. Truman's Committee on Government Contract Compliance urged the Bureau of Employment Security "to act positively and affirmatively to implement the policy of nondiscrimination . . . ." \n\nThe 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. The actual phrase "affirmative action" was first used in President Lyndon Johnson's 1965 Executive Order 11246 which requires federal contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." \n\nIn 1967, Johnson expanded the Executive Order to include affirmative action requirements to benefit women. \nOther equal protection laws passed to make discrimination illegal were the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title II and VII of which forbid racial discrimination in "public accommodations" and race and sex discrimination in employment, respectively; and the 1965 Voting Rights Act adopted after Congress found "that racial discrimination in voting was an insidious and pervasive evil which had been perpetuated in certain parts of the country through unremitting and ingenious defiance of the Constitution." \n\nMuch of the opposition to affirmative action is framed on the grounds of so-called "reverse discrimination and unwarranted preferences." In fact, less than 2 percent of the 91,000 employment discrimination cases pending before the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission are reverse discrimination cases. Under the law as written in Executive Orders and interpreted by the courts, anyone benefitting from affirmative action must have relevant and valid job or educational qualifications.
495750
Arkansas-The early French explorers of the state gave it its name, which is probably a phonetic spelling for the French word for "downriver" people, a reference to the Quapaw people and the river along which they settled.\n\nKansas-The state is named after the Kansas River that flows through it, which in turn derived its name from the Siouan word Kansa meaning "People of the south wind."
1069346
It's the name of a fraternal organization that advocate white supremacy, they're against Catholics and Jews, and foreigners.  They promote the use of terror and violence against minorities (most knowingly African Americans) as well as religious groups.  The original Ku Klux Klan was created after the end of the American Civil War. The name was constructed by combining the Greek "kyklos" (circle) with "clan."  \nHope it helped!
853326
There have been many different explanations for the origin of the name of the gang:\n\n    * The most well-known theories tie the current name with "crib" or "crib street" (alluding to an actual street or the young age of the members at the time of the gang's founding).\n\n    * "Crip" originates from the carrying of a cane or stick — Los Angeles Times 14 April 1992: "Word spread about the tough-looking young men, who some said carried canes and walked with a limp — cripples, or crips, they were called for short."\n\n    * Mis-pronunciation of "The Crypts."\n\n    * Some alleged backronyms for the name include:\n\n        * Community (or California) Revolution/Restoration In Progress.\n\n        * Community Resources for an Independent People\n\n        * California Rebels In Power\n\n        * Crip meaning cradle to the grave. C standing for Cradle, RIP standing Rest In Peace, a common phrase inscribed on tombstones.
3358
I've included a link to a good article on this topic - good reading.  Here's an excerpt that discusses the origins:\n\n---\n\nThe general southern dialect has its origins in the English immigrants who moved to the South in the 17th and 18th centuries, of whom most were of European Celtic origins (according to an 1860 census, "three-quarters of white Southerners had surnames that were Scottish, Irish or Welsh in origin." [1]). \n\nThese immigrants brought with them a very distinct style of English speaking, which was then combined with the African languages spoken by the African Americans who were at this time enslaved in the South. \n\nOver time this cultural and linguistic diversity combined with the South's rural isolation, and longtime use and familiarity with the King James Version of the Bible in religious life, to produce a unique American dialect.
536579
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, Pub. L. No. 88-352, 78 Stat. 241 (July 2, 1964), in the United States was landmark legislation outlawing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Originally conceived to protect the rights of black men, the bill was amended prior to passage to protect the civil rights of all men and women.\n\nThe Act transformed American society. It prohibited discrimination in public facilities, in government, and in employment. The "Jim Crow" laws in the South were abolished, and it became illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing, or hiring. Enforcement powers were initially weak, but they grew over the years, and later programs (such as affirmative action) were made possible by the Act.
1116222
Both were seen as opportunists.\n\nScalawags is a derogatory term (originally describing worthless livestock) applied to native white Southerners who supported the federal reconstruction plan and cooperated with the blacks in order to achieve their ends. Some of the scalawags were entirely above board, having opposed the Confederacy in earlier times and later wanted a new South to emerge from the rubble. Others cooperated with or served in the Republican governments in order to avail themselves of money-making opportunities.\n\nCarpetbaggers is also a term of derision, but applied to Northerners who went South during Reconstruction, motivated by either profit or idealism. The name referred to the cloth bags many of them used for transporting their possessions, but today is applied to any recently arrived opportunist. Despite the negative connotation of the name, many carpetbaggers were sincerely interested in aiding the freedom and education of the former slaves.
880543
First of all how did you go from An African to Negro?  This makes me wonder if you are a racist.  African is a name given to a persons that live in Africa ( America--Americans).  Negro is a racist name given to persons of color in the United States for reason of making one feel more inferior to another.  Now that I finished with that.  If one has a bigger jaw, I guess it is used for chewing like everyone else jaw is used for.   Duh!