what is the fundamental (physics/quantuum) difference between a nano and micro particles?
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If I've understood your question correctly, you are actually trying to find out the difference between MEMS (microelectro mechanical systems) and NEMS (Nano electro mechanical systems). On a fundamental level, nano scale particles are affected by bonding forces, those which decide which chemical combinations are possible and which aren't. Mirco scale particles are not as bothered by these forces. Further, the difference in scale (nano is 1000 times smaller) leads to fabrication (bulk manufacturing) difficulties. You can find out more by keying in MEMS and NEMS in a search engine.
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Most physicists (like Feynman) will tell you it's definitely a particle.  I think they're full of crap, and it's a wave.  The fact that it can only be absorbed and emited in discrete packets doesn't necessarily mean that it really travels as a particle, and the notion of a particle flies in the face of the double-slit one-photon experiment.
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An atom is the smallest particle of matter.\n\nA mole is quantity of something.  A mole of something (anything) is 6.02 x 10^23.  Whether it's buses, frogs, statues, whatever.  It is however often used to describe a quantity of atoms or molecules.
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The word nano comes from nanometers i.e. 10^-9 meters.\nMaterials having dimensions of that order show special properties explained by quantum mechanics. So physics of electronic devices having sizes in nanometers are termed nano-electronics. One major usefulness is compactness as you can have lots of devices in a small chip. Also you can control the properties of such devices just by changing their sizes (within limits, can't be too big of course).
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Nanotechnology\n\nTechnology development at the atomic, molecular, or macromolecular range of approximately 1-100 nanometers to create and use structures, devices, and systems that have novel properties.\n\nOr to put it another way\n\nNanotechnology is a catch-all phrase for materials and devices that operate at the nanoscale. In the metric system of measurement, “Nano” equals a billionth and therefore a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. References to nano materials, nanoelectronics, nano devices and nanopowders simply mean the material or activity can be measured in nanometers. To appreciate the size, a human red blood cell is over 2,000 nanometers long, virtually outside the nanoscale range!\n \n  \n \nRecently, government and private institutions have devoted substantial research into finding potential valuable uses at this scale, as discussed below.
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The photon has zero mass (it does, however, have rest mass - as in M=E/C^2). \n\nLike all quanta, the photon exhibits wave and particle properties. \n\nIt is important to remember that mass and energy are equivalent. A photon is only referred to as a particle because of certain properties that light exhibits - the "particle" is actually no more than a quanta of pure light energy - and, as such, is indeed dimensionless in the conventional sense of density and volume.
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A photon, which is a quanta of evergy below which you cannot go-this is the smallest, and only, particle which carries radiant energy.  The photon is the energetic equivalent of the quark in matter.
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Just in case you wanted a nice simple answer:\n\nBoth particles are emitted from the nuclei of unstable atoms.\n\nA beta particle is a negatively charged particle equivalent to an electron\n\nAn alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons
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An atomic particle can be represented either as a particle or as a wave; such a particle has both properties simultaneously and with appropriate experiments you can see either property.  Electrons, for example, act as particles when you use them to light a CRT screen, but if you set up an apparatus with two slits and throw electrons at them such that they could go through either slit, you see a diffraction pattern as from a wave.  A consequence of this is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: you cannot determine both the position and momentum of a particle with unlimited precision: the product of the uncertainties of the two measurements must be at least as large as a small number called Planck's constant.  For more on this, see any textbook on quantum mechanics.
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Quantum mechanics deals with anything that can come in fixed quanta, which is basically everything if you get small enough!\n\nMass comes in its fundamental particles, but you have other fixed packets of energy that can be treated with particle behaviour.\nA photon is a packet of light.\nA phonon is a packet of vibrational energy.\nEven magnetic flux in a superconductor has a magnetic flux quantum.
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Nanotechnology.  Creating or manufacturing very, very. very tiny parts and machinery
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Nano technology is the science which deals with the particles of size measured in nano(10^-9) meters. Here you change the chemicals structurally right at the molecular level giving you the access to a set of entirely new properties...
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Both are waves. Both have an associated frequency, amplitude, wavelength etc.\n\nSound travels in a medium (air for example) and is made up of compression and rarefaction waves.\n\nLight doesn't travel in a medium (it can travel through a vacuum) and is made up of the fundamental particles photons.
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zero to infinity.\n\nYou see hadrons (a kind of tiny particle smaller than an atom) have properties of both a solid particle, and a wave.\n\nA single quark can't really exist in nature (as far as scientists think for now), but anyway all particles have a wavefunction. Even your body has a wavefunction which is the sum of all the particles in your body.\n\nA probability wavefunction gives you an idea of how much time a thing is likely to be hanging around in a particular area.\n\nImagine a map of the word and you stick a red pin for every month you have been in a particular place. What would your wavefunction look like?\n\nA quark will have a wavefunction which is thickest (most red pins) near its locations inside a proton -- but it will also have some theoretically mathematically small probability of being on the other side of the moon for instance.\n\nThe wavefunction depends on mass, so we could just compare the electron mass to the quark mass -- but there is a fly in  the ointment. Quarks don't really have a real mass. They have various types of theoretical masses, but really they are measured by kooky-sounding properties like flavor, charm and color! Wacko huh? So there is no direct way to compare wavefunction/size to an electron.\n\nSo the answer is, it depends! zero to infinity.
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The next power of 10 smaller than nano (E-9) in SI units is pico (E-12).\n\nHowever, if your talking in terms of length, there is a unit called the "Ångström" which is 1E-10 meters.  This unit is sometimes seen when describing the size of atoms or chemical bonds.
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Nanotechnology comprises technological developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1 to 100 nm. Nanotechnology is any technology which exploits phenomena and structures that can only occur at the nanometer scale, which is the scale of single atoms and small molecules. The United States' National Nanotechnology Initiative website defines it as follows: "Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications." Such phenomena include quantum confinement--which can result in different electromagnetic and optical properties of a material between nanoparticles and the bulk material.
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electron\nThe electron is a lightweight fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. The electron is a spin-1/2 lepton, does not participate in strong interactions and has no substructure. Together with atomic nuclei, electrons make up atoms; they are responsible for chemical bonding. The flow of electricity in solid conductors is primarily due to the movement of electrons.\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron\n\nThe electron, denoted  is a fundamental particle with negative electric charge that is found arranged in quantum mechanical orbits about neutral atoms. The electron is a lepton, and therefore has lepton number 1. The antiparticle of the electron is called the positron. \n\nThe electron mass is  kg, and the electron charge , where  \nhttp://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Electron.html