how the transistor revolutionized the modern tecnology?
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The electronica machines grew smaller.\nYou needed much less energy than with the now old fashion triode
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1) The Telephone \nThe telephone is an instrument that converts voice and sound signals into electrical impulses for transmission by wire to a different location, where another telephone receives the electrical impulses and turns them back into recognizable sounds. In 1875, Alexander Graham Bell built the first telephone that transmitted electrically the human voice.\n2) The History of Computers\nThere are many major milestones in the history of computers, starting with 1936, when Konrad Zuse built the first freely programmable computer.\n3) Television \nIn 1884, Paul Nipkow sent images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology with 18 lines of resolution. Television then evolved along two paths, mechanical based on Nipkow's rotating disks, and electronic based on the cathode ray tube. American Charles Jenkins and Scotsman John Baird followed the mechanical model while Philo Farnsworth, working independently in San Francisco, and Russian émigré Vladimir Zworkin, working for Westinghouse and later RCA, advanced the electronic model.\n4) The Automobile\nIn 1769, the very first self-propelled road vehicle was invented by French mechanic, Nicolas Joseph Cugnot. However, it was a steam-powered model. In 1885, Karl Benz designed and built the world's first practical automobile to be powered by an internal-combustion engine. In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler took the internal combustion engine a step further and patented what is generally recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine and later built the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle.\n5) The Cotton Gin \nEli Whitney patented the cotton gin on March 14, 1794. The cotton gin is a machine that separates seeds, hulls and other unwanted materials from cotton after it has been picked.\n6) The Camera\nIn 1814, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce created the first photographic image with a camera obscura, however, the image required eight hours of light exposure and later faded. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre is considered the inventor of the first practical process of photography in 1837.\n7) The Steam Engine\nThomas Savery was an English military engineer and inventor who in 1698, patented the first crude steam engine. Thomas Newcomen invented the atmospheric steam engine in 1712. James Watt improved Newcomen's design and invented what is considered the first modern steam engine in 1765.\n8) The Sewing Machine\nThe first functional sewing machine was invented by the French tailor, Barthelemy Thimonnier, in 1830. In 1834, Walter Hunt built America's first (somewhat) successful sewing machine. Elias Howe patented the first lockstitch sewing machine in 1846. Isaac Singer invented the up-and-down motion mechanism. In 1857, James Gibbs patented the first chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine. Helen Augusta Blanchard patented the first zig-zag stitch machine in 1873.\n9) The Light Bulb\nContrary to popular belief, Thomas Alva Edison didn't "invent" the light bulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1809, Humphry Davy, an English chemist, invented the first electric light. In 1878, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan, an English physicist, was the first person to invent a practical and longer-lasting electic lightbulb (13.5 hours) with a carbon fiber filament. In 1879, Thomas Alva Edison invented a carbon filament that burned for forty hours.\n10) Penicillin \nPenicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Andrew Moyer patented the first method of industrial production of penicillin in 1948.
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Before the advent of the transistor. The telecommunication industry used gas filled diodes and triodes.Performing the basic function of electronic circuitry.So in order to design an average receiver or transmitter it needed many such diodes,triodes and other components like capacitors resistors to rig up the circuit which not only were very bulky but needed a high source of power. After the breakthrough in silicon technology transistors which were very small in size replaced these diodes and triodes and performed the same function with a fraction of the power used earlier. This not only enabled the equipment to become more compact but also made it mobile because of the low power consumption and the ease of carrying these equipment. This breakthrough in silicon technology eventually spurned a major rush in miniaturization of components and when the transistors got smaller and smaller scientists started building circuits on a single chip and this trend continued and presently millions of transistors can be packed in a single chip.Presently this miniaturization has reached such a stage that we are on the verge of what is being called nano technology. Miniaturization has greatly reduced the cost of components and thus the cost of the equipments
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Go to the link below and do a search for "history of electronics" or "fundamentals of electronics" and  you will have your answer.
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Did you ever stop to think, maybe it isn't microprocessors that are the next step in evolution, but plastics. Our brains are supposed to have 100 billion neurons. We could make a plastic structure with 100 billion interconections (cross-linked polymer molecules) a lot sooner than a chip with 100 billion transistors. So, be nice to plastics-- they might be throwing us out tomorrow.
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A TFT monitor uses thin-film transistor technology for the ultimate LCD or liquid crystal display. LCD monitors, also called flat panel displays, are replacing the old style cathode ray tubes (CRTs) as the display of choice. Nearly all LCD monitors today use TFT technology.\n\nThe benefit of a TFT monitor is a separate, tiny transistor for each pixel on the display. Because each transistor is so small, the amount of charge needed to control it is also small. This allows for very fast re-drawing of the display, as the image is re-painted or refreshed several times per second............\n\nsource(s) : http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-tft-monitor.htm
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There's both an explanation as well as a diagram\nof a 2 input AND gate built just from transistors at:\n\nhttp://tams-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/applets/cmos/cmosdemo.html
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I'm curious.... If it's due tomorrow, how long have you had to research it?  In any case, you are in luck!  This is the technological age and you can GOOGLE IT!\n\nBest Wishes,\n\nSue
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The transistor is an implementation of a Logic Gate.  It is a physical manifestation of a mathematical construct.  Put a charge here, and this other charge is allowed to flow.\n\nFirst we used mechanical relays to implement logic gates, which were clunky and prone to failure because they consisted of moving parts.  Then came the vacuum tube which also used electricity and had no moving parts, but were also space consuming and prone to oveheating.  The transistor was our next implementation of a Logic Gate, and were cheap, small, required little energy to operate, and required little maintenance because they are 'solid state'.\n\nI should note strictly speaking, the last time I was in the Boston Computer Museum, I saw a calculator built wholly from tinker toys and string.\n\nThe transistor became the fundamental building block of all logical implementations.  With the advent of the transistor, mathematical ideas could finally have the potential to be fully expressed as a practical reality.  Electricity then continued morphing from being a source of energy into a source of information.
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infact the circuitry is so designed that the total power consumption is very small and thats the reason behind making such ICs using the nano technology. these days an IC may comprise millions of transistors allowing u to make the designs smaller and smaller. along with low cost
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Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) of systems of transistor-based circuits into integrated circuits on a single chip first occurred in the 1980s as part of the semiconductor and communication technologies that were being developed.\n\nThe first semiconductor chips held one transistor each. Subsequent advances added more and more transistors, and as a consequence more individual functions or systems were integrated over time. The microprocessor is a VLSI device.\n\nThe first "generation" of computers relied on vacuum tubes. Then came discrete semiconductor devices, followed by integrated circuits. The first Small-Scale Integration (SSI) ICs had small numbers of devices on a single chip – diodes, transistors, resistors and capacitors (no inductors though), making it possible to fabricate one or more logic gates on a single device. The fourth generation consisted of Large-Scale Integration (LSI), i.e. systems with at least a thousand logic gates. The natural successor to LSI was VLSI (many tens of thousands of gates on a single chip). Current technology has moved far past this mark and today's microprocessors have many millions of gates and hundreds of millions of individual transistors.\n\nAs of mid-2004, billion-transistor processors are not yet economically feasible for most uses, but they are achievable in laboratory settings, and they are clearly on the horizon as semiconductor fabrication moves from the current generation of 90 nanometer (90nm) processes to the next 65nm and 45nm generations.\n\nAt one time, there was an effort to name and calibrate various levels of large-scale integration above VLSI. Terms like Ultra-large-scale Integration (ULSI) were used. But the huge number of gates and transistors available on common devices has rendered such fine distinctions moot. Terms suggesting more-than-VLSI levels of integration are no longer in widespread use. Even VLSI is now somewhat quaint, given the common assumption that all microprocessors are VLSI or better.
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Before transistors, radio tubes were used in electronics.  These were extremely bulky and consumed a ton of energy.  Since space and energy are in short supply in space travel, the transistor made things a lot easier.
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try it... then you might want to go into details like integrated circuits ICs and transistors...\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor
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I'd say the transistor.  All computers and electronic devices are made of them.  This includes your cellphone and internet supportive hardware like routers that support the whole World Wide Web
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Quite well, although today it's been replaced with integrated circuits.  (It's basically a switch, and either off or on, which comes in handy when you are working with base 2 binary numbers, as in a computer.)\n\nThere are two types, NPN and PNP, depending of which way current flows through them.  They are devices which allow, or limit current flow.\n\nThe difference between PNP and NPN transistors is that NPN use electrons as carriers of current and PNP use a lack of electrons (known as "holes"). Basically, nothing moves very far at a time. One atom simply robs an electron from an adjacent atom so you get the impression of "flow". It's a bit like "light pipes". In the case of "N" material, there are lots of spare electrons. In the case of "P" there aren't. In fact "P" is gasping for electrons. Clear as mud isn't it?\n\nOK, bear in mind that the Base is only a few atoms in thickness - almost a membrane - so any electrons allowed into the base "membrane" act as a catalyst to allow other electrons to break through from emitter to collector.\n\nImagine a pool of water near the edge of a table. It rests there with surface tension holding it in place. Now put one tiny drop of water on the table edge and let it touch the pool of water. Suddenly, the pool drains onto the floor as gravity takes over! Your tiny drop provided the catalyst to get it moving. So the base electrons do a similar job for the "pool" of electrons in the emitter - helped by the "gravity suction" of the power supply voltage on the collector.\n\nA transistor doesn't "increase" current. It simply allows power supply current to pass from collector to emitter* - the actual amount depends on the (small) current allowed to flow into its base. The more electrons you allow into the base, the more (x 100) that flow from collector to emitter . I put "x 100" because that is the typical gain (amplification factor) of a transistor. For example, one electron put into the base could allow 100 to escape from collector to emitter.\n\n* The purist might argue that current flows from emitter to collector - dependent on whether we are discussing electron flow or "hole" flow. I don't want to get involved in the physics of current flow. You don't need to know this to design a circuit.\n\n* This discussion relates to Bipolar transistors. Other types of transistor such as "FETs" (Field Effect Transistors) are in common use and work in a slightly different way in that the voltage applied to the "gate" terminal controls the current flowing from "cathode" terminal to "anode" terminal. In effect, a FET is simply a semiconducting (one-way) resistor whose value is controlled by the voltage applied to its "gate".\n\n* OK, having told you all that, I now have to point out that the above description is basically WRONG! What I've described is based on what is called "the beta model" of a transistor. A transistor actually relies on base voltage input - the current input is incidental. If you are at college, your teacher will explain this fully with lots of mathematical equations that will let you design anything at all. However, my description will let you design simple circuits with a minimum of effort and they will almost certainly work. Unless you are going to take up design as a profession, this is all you need to know.
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Moore's Law-\nThe observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. Moore predicted that this trend would continue for the foreseeable future. In subsequent years, the pace slowed down a bit, but data density has doubled approximately every 18 months, and this is the current definition of Moore's Law, which Moore himself has blessed. Most experts, including Moore himself, expect Moore's Law to hold for at least another two decades.\nhttp://360.yahoo.com/darkmatter7000
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If you define a MOSFET as the Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor system which operates as how it does now, you cannot. Because it is limited by the fundamental physics.\n\nHowever, this doesn't prevent you from designing new transistors using other mechanism to achieve higher than 60mV/dec swing (which is still compatible with traditional CMOS process). Most of these transistors use impact ionization which can give < 60mV/dec.\n\nSimulation and device fabrication have demonstrated the concepts and published in major conferences such as IEDM.\n\nKodKodKod Learning Consulting -Here you get the answers!\nhttp://www.kodkodkod.com\nTo submit questions: http://www.kodkodkod.com/index_files/submitquestion.htm