specify how the lymphatic system works?
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The immune system is made up of three major components:  \nCentral lymphoid organs & tissue\nPeripheral "           "             "\nAccessory  "           "             "\nThe Lymphatic system is sometimes condsidered part of the circulatory system.  It is composed of the lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland and spleen.  The system transports fluid (tissue fluid) from the tissues back to the bloodstream and carries certain fatty substances away from the digestive organs.  Lymphatic organs also aid in defending the body against infections by removing particles such as microorganisms from the tissue fluid.  In addition, it supports the activities of certain cells (lymphocytes) that produce immunity by reacting against specific disease-causing agents.
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All right, I'm first going to explain, briefly, the structure of the cardiovascular system, and then I'll move on to how the blood transports oxygen specifically.\n\nYour heart pumps blood from the right ventricle to your lungs, where it exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen, and then continues to your left atria. The left atria pumps the blood to the left ventricle, which pumps blood through your arteries  to your capillaries, where the oxygen is released so that cells can use it. Carbon dioxide is picked up, and the blood continues to the veins, and back to the right atria.\n\nNow, your blood contains red blood cells, which contain two important molecules, hemoglobin and myoglobin. Both have a high affinity for oxygen, so, in your lungs, where there is a high oxygen concentration, oxygen binds to each of these two molecules (until the equilibrium point is reached). The red blood cells are pumped throughout the body. \n\nIn the body, the concentration of oxygen is lower than in the surrounding atmosphere, so the amount of hemoglobin (and myoglobin) which is binding oxygen decreases until it reaches the new equilibrium point. Active tissues use oxygen quickly, forming lots of CO2, which enters the blood, and is converted to carbonic acid by red blood cells, using the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. The change in pH lowers the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, so more oxygen is released from other red blood cells near working tissues. The carbonic acid is released back into the blood from red blood cells, where it dissociates into a proton (H+) and a bicarbonate ion. It travels through the blood back to the lungs, where it is converted back into CO2, and diffuses across the transport surfaces of the lungs due to the concentration gradient. Then the cycle starts over.
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From within the system.
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mainly, the heart pumps blood forward, but can be aided by the action of the muscles--they help keep blood and lymph flowing.  Additonailly, the veins have one way valves so that once the blood goes through a valve, it can't go backwards while the heart is relaxing.
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Vasculature is regulated by your autonomic nervous system if that is what you mean.  Theres a lot more to the parsympathetic, sympathetic stuff and it would take awhile to explain without you asking about a specific part of it.
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Hodgkin's disease, sometimes called Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a cancer that starts in lymphatic tissue. Lymphatic tissue includes the lymph nodes and related organs that are part of the body's immune and blood-forming systems. The lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped organs found underneath the skin in the neck, underarm, and groin. They are also found in many other places in the body such as inside the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. \n\nLymph nodes make and store infection-fighting white blood cells, called lymphocytes. They are connected throughout the body by lymph vessels (narrow tubes similar to blood vessels). These lymph vessels carry a colorless, watery fluid (lymphatic fluid) that contains lymphocytes. Eventually the lymphatic fluid is emptied into the blood vessels in the left upper chest. \n\nOther components of the lymphatic system include the spleen, the bone marrow, and the thymus. The spleen is an organ in the left side of the upper abdomen that is composed primarily of mature and immature lymphocytes. It removes old cells and other debris from the blood. The bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside the bones that creates new red and white blood cells including lymphocytes. The thymus is a small organ in the chest that is important in developing a special lymphocyte called a T cell. \n\nBecause lymphatic tissue is present in many parts of the body, Hodgkin's disease can start almost anywhere, but most often starts in lymph nodes in the upper part of the body. The most common sites are in the chest, neck, or under the arms. Hodgkin's disease enlarges the lymphatic tissue, which can then cause pressure on important structures. It can spread through the lymphatic vessels to other lymph nodes. This is the major way it spreads. Most Hodgkin's disease spreads to nearby lymph node sites in the body, not distant ones. It rarely gets into the blood vessels and can spread to almost any other site in the body, including the liver and lungs. \n\nLymph nodes enlarge for many reasaons. Although Hodgkin's disease is one cause, enlarged lymph nodes are more commonly a result of the body fighting an infection. Your doctor can help determine the cause. \n\nHodgkin's disease is a malignant lymphoma (cancer of lymphatic tissue). There are two kinds of lymphomas: Hodgkin's disease (named after Dr. Thomas Hodgkin who first recognized it in 1832) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. For information on non-Hodgkin's lymphomas see the document "Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas". \n\nThe cancer cells in Hodgkin's disease are called Reed-Sternberg cells, after the two doctors who first described them in detail. Under a microscope they look different from cells of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and other cancers. Most scientists now believe that Reed-Sternberg cells are a type of malignant B lymphocyte. Normal B lymphocytes are the cells that make antibodies that help fight infections. \n\nDoctors have given names to different types and subtypes of Hodgkin's disease. The two main types are classical Hodgkin's disease (which has several subtypes) and nodular predominant Hodgkin's disease. \n\n\nClassical Hodgkin's disease:\n\n\nLymphocyte predominance \nNodular sclerosis \nMixed cellularity \nLymphocyte depletion \nUnclassified. \nNodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease\n\n\nAll of these types are malignant because as they grow, they may compress, invade, destroy normal tissue and spread to other tissues. There is no benign (noncancerous) form of Hodgkin's disease
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cardiovascular system
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>Insects have an open circulatory system.\nAn open circulatory system is an arrangement of internal transport present in some invertebrates like mollusks and arthropods in which circulatory fluid in a cavity called the hemocoel bathes the organs directly and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid; this combined fluid is called hemolymph (also spelled haemolymph). Muscular movements by the animal during locomotion can facilitate hemolymph movement, but diverting flow from one area to another is limited. When the heart relaxes, blood is drawn back toward the heart through open-ended pores.\n\n'Hemolymph fills all of the interior (hemocoel) of the body and surrounds all cells.\n\nHemolymph is composed of water, inorganic salts (mostly Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), and organic compounds (mostly carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids). The primary oxygen transporter molecule is hemocyanin.\n\nThere are free-floating cells, the hemocytes, within the hemolymph. They play a role in the arthropod immune system.
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OPPS SORRY, I sent incomplete. Believe it or not, it is generally described as thus: The body wants to have 2/3 of the water inside the cells \n(intracellular fluid) and 1/3 of the water between the cells (extracellular) however a Teacher is probably looking for the technical name of: interstitial fluid
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Muscular System\n\nMuscle tissue can be organized into separate muscles that are considered individual organs. Together, they form the muscular system.The cells in a muscle have two major duties: movement and heat production. Although the joints of the skeletal system allow movement, they cannot make the movement themselves. For this they require the contraction of striated muscle. Movement inside the body cavity is provided by muscles made up of smooth muscle cells. For example, the movement of food through the digestive tract is provided by the smooth muscles in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Urine is moved through the urinary system by smooth muscles in the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Air is moved in and out of the lungs by smooth muscle in the diaphragm. The muscular system also serves as the major heat generator for the body, keeping tissues warm.\n\nMuscle is made almost entirely of protein. When protein intake through food is low or when food protein is not digested or absorbed properly, it must come from some other source. That source is the muscle tissue. Even when enough protein is provided by the diet, cancer cells will raid the muscles for protein to change into glucose. When muscle tissue decreases, the individual muscle is less able to perform its job, causing weakness in movement and the sensation of coldness due to loss of heat production. Although cancer of the muscular system is very rare, cancer in general can cause a serious loss of muscle tissue.\n\nEndocrine System\nThe endocrine system includes the pituitary and pineal glands; the hypothalamus, thyroid, and adrenal glands; the pancreas; and the testes or ovaries and placenta. These glands release their hormones into the bloodstream directly, as opposed to the exocrine glands, which release their products into ducts. The cell citizens of an endocrine gland are writers. They compose messages called hormones, which are distributed primarily through the bloodstream. Glands perform the same job as the nervous system: communication, integration, and control of bodily functions. The signals travel slower but are much longer lasting. Hormones are the main regulators of metabolism, growth and development, and reproduction.\n\nEndocrine cell tumors are called carcinoids. Cancers of the endocrine system include the following:\n\nGerm cell cancers—These include testicular cancer (male), gestational trophoblasic neoplasms (placental), and ovarian cancer (female). Pancreatic cancer—Over 90 percent of the carcinomas of the pancreas are mucinous adenocarcinomas that originate in the pancreatic duct. Thyroid cancer. Because they stimulate abnormal hormone production, cancers of the endocrine system are often able to produce symptoms in distant sites.\n\nHope this helps, good luck.
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Greetings!  you're born with it, so you have primary lymphedema which is also known as Milroy's or Congenital lymphedema.  The standard treatment is MLD, Manual Lymph Drainage, which is also called CDT, complete/complex drainage therapy.  It's a medical massage of sorts.  You would have the therapy performed by a certified lymphedema therapist.  She or he would teach you special skin care, perhaps skin brushing, how to do self massage, exercises to promote lymph flow, and when you were as small as he/she can get you, you graduate to compression stockings which help you keep the smallest.
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Our heart is a pump, a very efficient one. The whole body consists of various circuits. And there are valves which control the flow of blood. Since the heart pumps blood, that is, it sends the blood at a certain pressure, the flood flows to various body parts and back, whatever the body position is, horizontal or vertical. This applies to the lowest part of our bodies (foot) too, when we stand up.
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This site should be able to explain it for you....\n\nhttp://www.cancerbacup.org.uk/Cancertype/Lymphomanon-Hodgkins/General/WhatareNHLs
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Most normal lymph nodes are about 1cm in size but that size varies depending on the location of the node, and what activity is going on.
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Basically by osmosis. The cell absorbs nutrients and oxygen through the cell wall from the blood circulating in the capillaries. The oxygen is absorbed by the body in an exchange in the lungs and nutrients are absorbed through the small and large intestine and they all travel in the blood stream to the cells.
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**Follow up: the lymphatic vessels of the testes terminate in the lateral and preaortic sets of lumbar nodes. Source: Gray's Anatomy.\n\nThe lymph nodes in the groin or inguinal region drain the penis and testicles.\n\nIf you have swelling in any area that you suspect is a lymph node, you should have a physician check it immediately. There are a variety of infections that can cause a lymph node to swell, but this could also be a symptom of lymphoma - cancer of the lymph nodes. \n\nGood luck - it isn't fun to have a lump near the "boys".
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Through a series of steps called the immune response, the immune system attacks organisms and substances that invade our systems and cause disease. The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body.\n\nThe cells that are part of this defense system are white blood cells, or leukocytes (pronounced: loo-kuh-sytes). They come in two basic types (more on these below), which combine to seek out and destroy the organisms or substances that cause disease. \nThe leukocytes circulate through the body between the organs and nodes by means of the lymphatic (pronounced: lim-fah-tik) vessels. (You can think of the lymphatic vessels as a type of highway between the rest stops that are the lymphoid organs and lymph nodes). Leukocytes can also circulate through the blood vessels. In this way, the immune system works in a coordinated manner to monitor the body for substances that might cause problems.A foreign substance that invades the body is called an antigen (pronounced: an-tih-jun). When an antigen is detected, several types of cells work together to recognize and respond to it. These cells trigger the B lymphocytes to produce antibodies. Antibodies are specialized proteins that lock onto specific antigens. Antibodies and antigens fit together like a key and a lock.Once the B lymphocytes have produced antibodies, these antibodies continue to exist in a person's body. That means if the same antigen is presented to the immune system again, the antibodies are already there to do their job.Although antibodies can recognize an antigen and lock onto it, they are not capable of destroying it without help. That is the job of the T cells. The T cells are part of the system that destroys antigens that have been tagged by antibodies or cells that have been infected or somehow changed. (There are actually T cells that are called "killer cells"). T cells are also involved in helping signal other cells (like phagocytes) to do their jobs.\n\nAntibodies can also neutralize toxins (poisonous or damaging substances) produced by different organisms. Lastly, antibodies can activate a group of proteins called complement that are also part of the immune system. Complement assists in killing bacteria, viruses, or infected cells.\n\nAll of these specialized cells and parts of the immune system offer the body protection against disease. This protection is called immunity. Humans have three types of immunity - innate, adaptive, and passive.