The effect of a neurotransmitter on the target cell depends on the nature of what?
91184
D - it can cause hyperpolarization or depolarization of membrane
629249
blockinng the movement of sodium and calcium ions across the cell membrane of the neuron. This inhibits saltatory transmission of neurotransmitters.
737862
neurotransmitter are found in the terminal buttons. The terminal buttons are balls at the end of axons that contain little vacuoles (vesicles i believe is the term for the pockets in brain cells) point is, there are pockets, each with neurotransmitters inside.  Lets back up for a moment... the most important concept to acknowledge, is that all emotions, cognitons, every action and behavior is due to some form of chemical change in our brain and or body.  Our bodies are complex chemical reactors.  Now, neurotransmitters are responsible for a lot and even most of of what we do both unconditionally and conditionally.  When the neurotransitter is released, it crosses a fluid filled gap known as the synaptic cleft.  The releasing neuron is known as the presynaptic neuron and the recieving neuron is known as the post synaptic neuron.  The N.T. docks at a receptor site- like a key in a lock and transferrs the information.  Lets say for instance, that this N.T. is designed to heat up the body in response to cold.  This message will reach a particular module of the brain n then send the message to the spine and then the sympathetic nervous system will activate bodily parts and efferent nerves will bring the message to muscles and u will start to shiver to heat up your body.  And that is an 1 example of how a N.T. can cause a behavior(shaking)
825966
see here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchison_effect#Nature_of_the_effect\nand the other links in this site
594503
Alzheimer's disease is due to decrease activity of acetylcholine producing cells in a  certain part of the brain due to the continuous destruction of these cells, some new researches showed that it might have a link with some other neurotransmitters too like serotonin  and perhaps dopamine, as giving the patients centrally acting acetylcholine agonists only improves the case for a  short period of time and might slow the process of the disease a little bit but the cell distructions cannot be stopped and that's why there is no cure for it until this day.
142110
I assume you mean resting potential of the cell, for example a neuron.  It is created by biological pumps that pump ions into or out of the cell at to set up a specific electrochemical gradient.  So you get a voltage across the cell membrane along with a concentration gradient of sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium.  When a signal is present it opens differnt pores that allow ions to cross the membrane quickly which causes an action potential and the desired effect, whether it be neurotransmitter being released, or calcium from the Sarcoplasmic reticulum.  The resting potential is the standard state for a cell maintained by the Na/K pump as well as calcium and chloride pumps that are generally ATP dependent.  ATP is the energy of the cell.  I can't remember off the top of my head if extracellular/intracellular concentrations of K,Na, Ca, and Cl but this shoudl give you the general idea.
96378
Even though this question's answer will change depending on who is answering, there are specific chemical triggers in your brain cells (neurons) that affect certain areas of your brain that can give you those lovely little butterflies, your brain reacts to this chemical the same way it reacts to drugs like cocaine and e. People can become addicted, and eventually the high wears off.
319648
In an inhibitory transmission,the neurotransmitter increases the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to potassium, lowering the chance of transferring a nerve impulse and preventing an action potential from happening.\nExamples of such neurotransmitters are: GABA, endorphine, serotonin, eand pinephrine
42599
There are many, many neurotransmitters, and I doubt that we've managed to identify them all.\n\nThe primary excitatory NT is glutamate, and the primary inhibitory NT is GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).  Other prominent and important NTs include acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine,  and norepinephrine.\n\nIf you're mining for a research paper, that should help you get started.  Beyond that, I'm afraid your question doesn't make much sense.
340353
cells communicate via molecules they release and the receptors that recognize the molecules.  For example, hormone is one way a distant cells or tissue communicate with other tissue down the stream.  In addition, cell that are adjacent to each other will also communicate by biological molecules, that are not hormones.  For example, Interleukin molecules are use T cells to communicate with B cells within our immune system.\n\nin term of nerve cells, the neuron will have cell potential changes and the signal travels as a form of electric signnal all the way along the long axon.  then the signal terminal wih the release of molecules, such as the epinephrine or the acetylcholine.  these molecules bind to the receptor of the post-synatic neuron and pass the signal along to the next neurons.  \n\nsometimes, a cell will conduct self signaling by release a molecules and the molecules bind to a receptor on the cell itself and generate a signal that re-transmit back to the cell.\n\nSignal transduction is another huge topic that is to difficult to discuss here.  basically, signal transduction mechanism happen in every cells, when the receptor binds to a protein/ molecule, it will change its configuration and chemical or physiological changes occur.  this changes cause many cascade events down the stream and allow the cells to do a lot of things, even turning on or off a gene expression.
330799
i'm a biopsych major and i think what you're looking for is drugs such as ritalin that affect dopamine synapses in the brain and play a role in the patient's behaviour.  other antipsychotics also have behavioural affects resulting from different neurotransmittors in the brain.
71177
Neurotransmitters - What They Do . . .\n\nNeurotransmitters are small molecules whose function is to transmit nerve signals (impulses) from one nerve cell (neuron) to another. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers which neurons use to tell other neurons that they have received an impulse. There are many different neurotransmitters - some trigger the receiving neuron to send an impulse and some stop it from doing so. See this simplified diagram of a neuron: \n\n\nNerve impulses always flow in one direction - from the branched extensions called dendrites, down the neuron to the presynaptic terminals. The join between the presynaptic terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another is called the synapse. \n\nThe two neurons do not actually touch each other but are separated by a space called the synaptic cleft. \n\nWhen a nerve impulse arrives at a presynaptic terminal it causes neurotransmitters to be released into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters then bind with special "postsynaptic receptors" in the dendrites of the receiving neuron. \n\nWhen a postsynaptic receptor receives a neurotransmitter it can either cause a nerve impulse to travel down the neuron or it can inhibit a nerve impulse depending on the neurotransmitter released. \n\nNeurotransmitters which propagate nerve impulses in the receiving neuron are called excitatory neurotransmitters. Those which inhibit nerve impulses are called inhibitory neurotransmitters. \n\nNeurotransmitters are sythesized in the cell body (the soma) and migrate down the axon to the presynaptic terminals. Here they are stored in little packets called vesicles which fuse with the synaptic membrane. When a depolarizing current (the action potential) is received, these vesicles release their contents into the synaptic cleft. \n\nNeurotransmitters activate receptors by "sticking" to them and thus preventing other neurotransmitters from activating them. Inactivation of the transmitter happens in one of three ways: \n\n\nReabsorption of the neurotransmitter into the neuron. This is known as reuptake. \n\nDestruction of the neurotransmitter with special chemicals called enzymes. This is known as enzymatic degradation. \n\nBy the neurotransmitter becoming deteched from the receptor and drifting out of the synaptic cleft. This is known as diffusion.\nSubstances that effect neurotransmission but are not neurotransmitters can be broadly divided into two categories - agonists and antagonists. \n\nAgonists make transmission of nerve impulses more likely. They do this in a number of ways including preventing reuptake (cocaine works this way). \n\nActually triggering the receptor themselves (nicotine works this way) \n\nAnd by making the receptor more responsive (a lot of anti-anxiety drugs work like this). \n\nAntagonists do the opposite - they interfere with nerve transmission across the synapse sometimes by blocking receptor sites (many spider and snake venoms work this way) \n\nAnd sometimes by preventing release of the neurotransmitter from the presynaptic terminal (many anti-psychotic drugs operate like this). \n\nThe following is an partial list of neurotransmitters, together with the sites in which they work: \n\nNeurotransmitters Group Neurotransmitter Region of Operation \nAcetylcholine Acetylcholine Central Nervous System (CNS), Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)  \nSerotonin SerotoninCNS and PNS \nAmino acids Glutamate, GammaAminobutyric Acid (GABA), Glycine, Aspartate  CNS \nHistamine Histamine Hypothalamus \nCatecholamines Norpinephrine, Epinephrine (Adrenalin) CNS and Sympathetic Nervous System \nNeuropeptides Endorphins (Enkephalins and Dynorphins), Substance P CNS \nDopamine Dopamine CNS \nNucleotides Adenosine, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) CNS, PNS and ANS \nNitric oxide Nitric oxide CNS
124438
Catecholamines are a group of compounds which are made in the body from the amino acid tyrosine.  Some are neurotransmitters and other act as hormones.\nYour question is far too complicated for this forum.  Entire textbooks and college courses are devoted to exactly this topic.  It cannot be boiled down to 1000 characters or less.\nI suggest that the sites listed below are a good place to start.  This first one has many choices depending upon what information you might need.  The second site is more for understanding the clinical lab testing for catecholamines as a diagnostic tool.
524750
A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells – neurons – usually by interacting with membrane proteins and ion channels. Many of the venoms and other toxins that organisms use in defense against vertebrates are neurotoxins. A common effect is paralysis, which sets in extremely rapidly. Examples of neurotoxins include tetrodotoxin, batrachotoxin and components of the venom in bees, scorpions, spiders and snakes.
1179776
An electronic structure would be a neuron, as it conducts ions along the length of the axon.  This change in ion concentration is equivalent to a difference in volts, ie electrical charge.
77821
Methamphetamines in general mimick the neurotransmitters Epinephrine and Norepinephrine. These are naturally produced in the body and regulated by other neurotransmitters. The meth will bind to the receptors for those neurotransmitters resulting in a stimulant effect of high magnitude. The more you use the drug the more tolerant the body becomes and the less natural epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced by the body to compensate for the excess(as it recognizes the drug as the neurotransmitter and will quit producing it over time). This results in a higher threshold to get "high" and therefore more of the drug required. At the same time the body is become dependant on the artificial supply being given to the body and the user becomes physically as well as psychologically dependant. The drug itself is extremely corrosive causing widespread damage to any and all tissue it comes in contact with, ultimately resulting in perferated septum, rotting teeth and gums, erroding esophagus, failing kidneys, etc, etc, etc. Dependant users get to the point that they will give up anything to get the drug, ultimately costing them their jobs, their relationships, their dignity and their life.
44587
That depends on the type of cell and its function.