What are the funtions of the systems of Toad (Bufo melanostictus) ?
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wouldn't teh functions of the systems be the same for every organisms.  for example the respiratory system is for breathing in both cows and humans and probably for the toad as well.  the circulatory system is for circulating blood in every organsim.  the excretory system extrects toxins and metabolic wastes and the nervous system allows for cordiation of muscles and autonomic behaviors as well as cognitive thinking.  \n\nhowever the real functions of all these organs is SURVIVAL.  SURVIVAL is the driving force of life and you are kidding yourself if you think otherwise.
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http://allaboutfrogs.org/weird/general/songs.html\nhttp://www.exploratorium.edu/frogs/rainforest/\nhttp://www.exploratorium.edu/frogs/tracker/
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Camouflaged Animals:\n\nCOLOR CHANGE\n>>Reptiles and Amphibians (like frogs, toads,chameleon) and some fish can change the colors of their skin or scales to match a surface that's near them. Their coloration is determined by biochromes in living cells. Biochromes may be in cells at the skin's surface or in cells at deeper levels. These deeper-level cells are called chromatophores. Cuttlefish species, can manipulate their chromatophores to change their overall skin color. Chameleons can produce a wide range of colors and patterns on their skin, but they do this primarily to express mood, not to blend in with different environments.\n \n>>Mammals (like deer, squirrels, or moles) have earth tones color to match trees or dirt.\n\n>> Far north  animals often have white fur or feathers in winter. When spring melts the snows, the white fur and feathers fall out. Pigments in the skin cells change. When new feathers and fur grow in, they match the new color or pattern of the landscape.\n\nCOUNTER SHADING\n>> Mice, white-tailed dear, Canada geese, otters and largemouth bass use a kind of camouflage called counter-shading. These animals have bodies that are dark on top and light on the bottom.When sunlight shines on an animal's darker colors, it makes them look lighter. When the animal's lighter-colored parts are in shadow, it makes them look darker. The two areas of color blend together when seen from a distance. The animal's outline is harder to pick out from surrounding patterns. \n\nELEMENT OF DISGUISE\n>>Insecta (like green katydid or grasshopper) - have a solid body color that matches the color of its environment. Many insects that feed on plants have solid green bodies during part or all of their lives\n\n>>Many animals have distinctive designs on their bodies that serve to conceal them . These designs, which might be spots, stripes or a group of patches, can help the animal in a couple of ways.This disruptive coloration is particularly effective when animals in a species are grouped together. To a lion, a herd of zebras doesn't look like a whole bunch of individual animals, but more like a big, striped mass. The vertical stripes all seem to run together, making it hard for a lion to stalk and attack one specific zebra. The stripes may also help a single zebra hide in areas of tall grass. Since lions are colorblind, it doesn't matter that the zebra and surrounding environment are completely different colors. \n\n>>Walking stick, an insect that looks like an ordinary twig. A predator can easily distinguish a walking stick from its surroundings, but the predator thinks its only a stick, and so ignores it. \n\nIMITATION\n>>Swallowtail butterflies and many insects often use a kind of camouflage called imitation. The shape of their bodies, along with their coloring, makes them look like other things.\n\nMIMICRY\n>>Viceroy butterfly and many harmless insects use mimicry.The monarch butterfly is a bad-tasting insect that most birds will not eat. The viceroy butterfly has a black-and-orange wing pattern that closely matches the monarch's. Birds who see a viceroy leave it alone, thinking it's a monarch. Many harmless insects look and fly like bees, insects which can really sting.♥\n\nFor more camouflaged animals visit this link:\nhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/coloring/camouflage.shtml
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Toad from Quest software.
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Your question does not make sense!\n\nFrog muscles are arranged like those in other vertebrates and will have similar names. For example your calf muscle is the gastrocnemius, it is the same in the frog and this is the tasty bit you might eat when served frogs legs.
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Hope u will get the idea through this flow diagram.\n\nstimulus-> receptors-> sensory nerves (impulses)-> control center (brain or/and spinal cord)-> motor nerve (impusles)->response (muscle contraction).
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These are scientific publications about frog jump kinematics (study of the physics of movement). The first one especially has lots of photographs of jump sequences. \n\nhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/203/23/3547\n\nhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/209/1/66\n\nI suggest you try looking in Google Scholar if what you need are accurate photographs. http://scholar.google.com\n\nTry the following terms for the search: frog jump kinematics hindlimbs\n\nGood luck!
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http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/natsci/herpetology/brittoncrocs/csp_amis.htm\n\ntypically 1 year
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http://sloscience.hypermart.net/Biology/Frog%20Dissection/dorsal%20muscles.htm
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_system
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A group of frog tadpoles (or a group of frogs) is called an Army.\n\nA group of toad tadpoles (or a group of toads) is called a Knot.
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the endocrine system's main function is to maintain homeostasis. it does so mostly through chemical messengers called hormones. hormones are produced in one organ and used in another. the endocrine system uses many glands such as the pituitary gland, which is like the director of the endocrine system, the hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland, which controls growth and development and so on and so forth. there are also numerous other glands, like the thyroid gland, the and non-glands, like the pancreas, that secrete (another word for make) hormones, in the case of the pancreas, it secretes insulin and glycogen, which lower and increase the level of sugar in your blood. \n\n\nhope this helps you at all and you had better not copy  this word for word.
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cell-tissue-organ-organ systems-organism (population)\nTissues are a group of specialized cells that perform a function. Organs are groups of specialized tissues that perform an even more complex function. Organ systems are groups of organs that perform a function in a series of complex, yet related steps. An organism is a body with  several organ systems necessary to maintain homeostasis. This can be extended to population which is several organisms existing together to survive (think food webs).\n\nUnicellular organisms do not have specialized cells. They have only one cell to perform all the functions it needs.
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1) Bi carbonate buffer system will contain HCO3- ion\n\nwhen a base is added it will liberate the H+ and produce water combining with OH- ion of the base there for reducing the effect of the base\n\nand when an acid is added it will accept the H+ ion and for H2CO3 therefor the effect of the acid will be nullified!!!\n\n2)phosphates are H2O4- or HPO42-\n\nand it will also have the functions as mentioned in the above!!\n\n3)proteins have an NH2 group and well as a COOH group both attached to the same molecule!!!\n\ntherefor when acid is added the NH2 group will neutralize it\n\nand when a base is added COOH group will neutralize it  reducing the alkalinity!\n\nthere for all these chemicals found in the blood and other body tissue will maintain the blood pH level at a constant level acting as natural buffers!!\n\nhope you understood!!!!!\n\ncheers!!
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Here you go...\n\nhttp://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/Biog101_104/tutorials/frog.html\nhttp://www.infovisual.info/02/026_en.html
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u didnt really specific the frog, but at least there's two links (there's some more, u could just google it) and hope it helps =)
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The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymphoid organs, lymph nodes, lymph ducts, and lymph vessels that produce and transport lymph fluid from tissues to the circulatory system. The lymphatic system is a major component of the immune system.\n\nThe lymphatic system has three interrelated functions: (1) removal of excess fluids from body tissues, (2) absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat, chyle, to the circulatory system and, (3) production of immune cells (such as lymphocytes, monocytes, and antibody producing cells called plasma cells).