how do tRNA suppressors work?
97679
A lot of ways. Some of them interfere of the binding between codon and anti-codon. Some of them prevent the Amino acid to move from the A-site on the ribosome to the P-site on the ribosome. It can also prevent the movement of the tRNA from P-Site to A-Site.
883039
No, I don't really think so. Everything you said is basically true, but digestion occurs and in digestion your body will only take in which specific amino acids it needs at that point in time (we have no real way to store amino acids) and excete everything else.  So if you eat a lot of tryptophan your body will just stop taking it in when it doesn't need any more. \nAlso, your body can switch a lot of amino acids into a different amino acid. So if you have a lot of one and need more of another, your body can just make that one.\nNote that there are some "essential" amino acids, meaning that your body cannot make them and they must be ingested!\nAlso, maybe there's a bit of confusion on the codon thing. A codon is a specific sequence in the mRNA of 3 nucleotides that codes for an amino acid. A tRNA with the complementary anticodon will bring this amino acid to the growing chain. Only the tRNA that matches the codon will come in. This cannot be influenced by what you eat.
312492
well,here is a useful brief answer:\nA-Tetracycline:\n# mode of action:\n1.Bacteriostatic.\n2.Prevents bonding  of tRNA to mRNA on ribosome.\n# uses:\n1.Treats intestinal amebiasis.      \n2.Effective against Rickettsia and Chlamydia.     \n3.Against syphilis and gonorrhea.  \n\nB-Streptomycin:\n# mode of action:\n1.Bacteriostatic \n2.Inhibits peptide bond formation.  \n# uses:\n1.Tuberculosis.\n2.Used for tularemia,plague.  \n2.Urinary tract infections.  \n3.Enteric infections.  \n4.Nosocomial infections.  \n5.Against penicillin-resistant gonorrhea       \n\nC-Polymyxin B:\n# mode of action:\n1.Bacteriocidal  \n2.Causes disorientation of lipoprotein constituents resulting in a distortion.     \n# uses:\n1.Against Pseudomonal infection.      \n2.Against Gram -ve in wounds,abrasions,and burns.\n3.Against E.Coli infection.\n\nD-Pencillin:\n# mode of action:work by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan cross links in the bacterial cell wall.\n# uses:\n1.STD:like syphilis & gonorrhea.\n2.Cardiac infection:Bacterial Endocarditis.  \n3.Brain infectins:Meningitis,Encephalitis.\n4.Respiratory infections:Pneumonia,Lung abscess.\n5.Miscellanous:Tonsilitis,Pharyngitis.\n6.Skin infections.\n7.Prophylasis:Rheumatic Fever .\n8.Septicemia in children.\n\nE-Cephalosporins:\n# mode of action:work by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan cross links in the bacterial cell wall.\n# uses:\n1.Against Staphylococcal & Streptococcal infections.\n2.Against Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis.\n3.Hospital-acquired infections.
950523
Codon- a triplet of adjacent nucleotides in the messenger RNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid in the synthesis of a protein molecule.  \n\nAnticodon- A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to a corresponding codon in messenger RNA and designates a specific amino acid during protein synthesis.\n\n*Anticodons are the ones that are loose and attatch to the already made chain
430980
the first one is RNA. You can tell by the U at the end of the sequence
1169213
codons  are molecules  that are part of messenger  rna  that represent a part of a protein to be synthesized.\nthe anticodon is part of the ribosome  that fits with the codon like 2 pieces of a jigsaw puzzle would fit and it will result in the attachement of a particular amino acid\nthus fro attaching different amino acid sequences different proeins are made for different dna sequences.
852820
Antisense mRNA is an mRNA that is complementary to the coding mRNA.  In cells, an antisense mRNA binds the coding mRNA to produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).  This dsRNA is targeted by the cell's RNA interference machinery to downregulate the expression of the original coding mRNA.  This allows a cell to regulate its own genes, which is important in development.
862769
Think of it this way... when you "transcribe" something you are WRITING it down... this is what happens during transcription... a copy of the complimentary strand of DNA is made in the mRNA (messenger) basically, a MESSAGE is taken down so that it can be delivered to the ribosomes where it will be "translated" into proteins... \n\nTranslation is when that message is actually "translated" into a string of proteins from the original message, like following a recipe to make a cake (the cake is the string of proteins that section of DNA holds the recipe for and the recipe is the message encoded into the mRNA).
472148
I have recently wondered the answer to this question myself.  I think that passive dyes, such as ROX, constantly emit a flourescent signal.  This signal is not supposed to be influenced by the PCR reaction cycle (ie "passive").  I believe the ROX dye is a rhodamine labeled amino acid, or maybe a short peptide. Other passive dyes are probably similar.
834032
If you read your package properly you can find out the proper spelling. With the proper spelling you will be able to find information on it on the internet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin\nErythromycin prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. Erythromycin binds to the 23s rRNA molecule in the 50S of the bacterial ribosome, blocking the exit of the growing peptide chain thus inhibiting the translocation of peptides.\n\nBacterial ribosomes are similar to those of eukaryotes, but are smaller and have a slightly different composition and molecular structure. There are sufficient differences between bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes that some antibiotics will inhibit the functioning of bacterial ribosomes, but not a eukaryote's, thus killing bacteria but not the eukaryotic organisms they are infecting.
592353
You can automatically eliminate a,d, and e, because tRNAs don’t have T nucleotides, and there is no such thing as an O nucleotide.  \n\nSo the RNA would be transcribed in the 5’->3’ direction and would read 5’ UAGGGCCUAAGU’3’, so the last codon is AGU, which makes the last anti-codon (assuming that anticodons can be read 3’ to 5’, which is contrary to how nucleotides are usually read), then the complementary anti-codon is UCA.
765891
Codons are found on the mRNA strand, and they are simply 3 consecutive bases that code for a particular amino acid. Anticodons are found on tRNA. \n\nLet's say the first codon in your mRNA sequence is AUG, the anticodon would be UAC. A tRNA with that anticodon will base pair with the mRNA on the ribosome at the region with the codon AUG, and it then goes into the cytoplasm to pick up the amino acid that is coded for by AUG (not UAC which the anticodon found on the tRNA itself!). the tRNA then brings the amino acid (in this case methionine) back to the ribosome where it is attached to more and more amino acids to yield the desired protein (the protein which the mRNA codes for).\n\nRemember, a protein is a chain of amino acids.\n\nThat's it in very simple terms.
197178
Erase, cancel out all the introns, promoter and tata box, and you are left with those sequence you want. Then use the dna translation table to figure out the amino acid sequence. Then use those amino acid sequence to figure out what phenotype they correspond to via doll codes.
197934
mRNA is messenger RNA contain codon with 3 bases to carry message from DNA for what type of Amino acid needed.  It in transcription.\nthe translation is called gene expression.  it makes proteins by using RNAs and AA in the cytoplasm.
34152
Cells make a DNA template from RNA (similar to DNA, but with a different sugar and one different nucleotide, and almost always single-stranded) called mRNA (messenger RNA).  This goes to a part of teh cytoplasm where a protein-builing machine called a ribosome matched every three nucleotides of the RNA with a distinct sort of molecule (tRNA, for Transfer) matches every three-nucleotide sequence with any of twenty different amino acids.  This process works to make a chain of amino acids, and this chain becomes a protein.  (there are a few exceptions to all of this, and some complicated additional steps, but that's generally the basis of how a protein comes about).  The chain of amino acids will fold into a certain, thermodynamically favorable conformation, and that shape will generally dictate its function.  Sometimes, more than one chain will work together to form a proteins.\n\nProteins do everything in the body.  Some are structural (like ropes or girders or bungee cords), some are like motors (like pumps, or like train cars that walk along tracks carrying material, or like growing fibers that push the cell membrane), some will act as messages to other cells, or to the cell nucleus to start building new proteins in response to a change in environment; some work to turn fats and sugars into an energy source (eg ATP), and some will sit in the membrane holding out long carbohydrate chains to help other cells recognize one cell from another.
645067
Tetracycline affects protien sythesis through a mechanism that escapes me. It either blocks an active site on the ribosome or blocks protien exit from the ribosome.  This kills them.
1126696
it's true because phosphatase prevents vectors from closing in on themselves. This doesn't inhibit cloning but ehances it and allows a greater chance for the insert getting in the plasmid and not just the vector re-closing in on itself.\n\nIf you have any other questions about plasmids, cloning in bacteria, etc. feel free to contact me. I do this in lab almost daily.