Antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria are an example of ____________?
86650
Boy, am I ever glad I'm done with high school biology where they ask ridiculous, ambiguous fill-in the blank questions like that.  I have a degree in biology and I couldn't give you a solid answer.  It will be a word that you should have been studying in class.\n\nIe.,  \nAdaptation - mutations that give an organism an advantage\nMutation - alterations in genetic makeup\nEvolution - changes in organisms over time due to adaptation\nNatural Selection - conditions which select adaptations\n\nI would go with adaptation, but no guarantees.  The concept here is that as we take antibiotics we kill a lot of bacteria, but not all of them.  The remaining few that survive are the "tougher" ones, at least ones that aren't affected as much by the antibiotics.  These remaining bacteria may continue to grow in numbers.  If they ever succeed in infecting more people, the antibiotics will now do nothing.\n\nP.S...  A lot of people think that bacteria randomly mutate until one of them becomes resistant.  This is only part of the story.  Antibiotics almost always originate from other bacteria, or some other organism trying to fend off bacteria.  These antibiotics are not new, just new to medicine.  Bacteria have been resisting these antibiotics for millions of years.  Maybe not actively, but somewhere in their past it has probably been encountered.  Yet another reason why a one-word answer just doesn't cut it.
1021412
Otitis media, although it depends on what the sore throat is being caused by. Many strains of strep and staph are antibiotic-resistant, and can cause serious conditions that, in turn, might lead to any of the others, although not immediately.
800007
there are things like flash drives, antimicrobial susceptibility testing kits by this name on te internet, you want to be a little more specific next time you ask this question, good luck
897836
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: Staphylococcus aureus (a type of staph bacteria) resistant to the antibiotic methicillin. Abbreviated MRSA. MRSA infections are usually mild superficial infections of the skin that can be treated successfully with proper skin care and antibiotics. MRSA, however, can be difficult to treat and can progress to life-threatening blood or bone infections because there are fewer effective antibiotics available for treatment. \n\nIf someone has an MRSA infection, they can help from spreading it by keeping infections, particularly those that continue to produce pus or to drain material, covered with clean, dry bandages; by advising close contacts to wash their hands frequently with soap and warm water, especially if they change the bandages or touch the infected wound or potentially infectious materials; by not sharing personal items (such as towels, washcloth, razor, clothing) that may have had contact with the infected wound; by washing linens and clothes with hot water and laundry detergent and drying them in a hot dryer; and by telling healthcare providers that you have an antibiotic-resistant staph skin infection.  The transmission of MRSA is largely from people with active MRSA skin infections. MRSA is almost always spread by direct physical contact, and not through the air. Spread may also occur through indirect contact by touching objects (such as towels, sheets, wound dressings, clothes, workout areas, sports equipment) contaminated by the infected skin of a person with MRSA. Just as S. aureus can be carried on the skin or in the nose without causing any disease, MRSA can be carried in this way also. This is known as colonization.
73638
There are a conbination of things that are creating these different strains of germs. Darwin's theory of evolution is a good explanation of one reason for the "stronger" germs. Antibiotics and antibacterial"stuff" eliminates the common types of bacteria. The ones that resist are what remain and through mutation new types of bacteria are left. A lot of times these newer bacteria seem "stronger" because they are immune to our antibiotics. Our bodies are also not accustomed to these newer strains of bacteria. \n\nIt's not neccesarily a "stronger" bacteria, it's a different strain that has become immune to the antibiotics that are overused.
325341
Typical treatment for bacterial diseases is antibiotics.  The problem that medical professionals face is antibiotic resistant bacteria.  One common example of this is patients with MRSA.  MRSA stands for methycillin resistant staphylococcus areus.  Hospitals have special precautions in place for people with this problem.  But, antibiotics are the most common treatment.  There is antibiotic ointments for skin infections, eye drops for things like conjunctivitis(pink eye), oral antibiotics like penicillin, amoxycillin, tetracycline, and more.  There are different classes of antibiotics and they all attack a pathogen in a different way.  A great source for you would be Wikipedia.  Go to the site and type in "antibiotics".  The site lists the different classes and types of antibiotics and how they work.  Good Luck!  I hope this helps.
639327
1) They can decrease your liver and kidney function over prolonged periods of use\n2) As susceptible bacteria are killed off & the resistant ones survive, the resistant strains will divide & multiply. Hence the population of resistant bacteria will increase. (the chance of this is greatly increased by not completing a course of antibiotics & by adding low doses to animal feed as growth promotants)\n3) World-wide overuse of many antibiotics can and has led to increased multi-resistant strains which are hard to treat (eg. MRSA & VRE)\n4) Ultimately can lead to treatment failure (ie. no more antibiotics left to use that will treat some infections)
981080
your teacher needs to work bettering his/her questions. Or you need to re-phrase the questions so their is more detail.\n\nI was given a similar question on a take home exam, but I think it contained some more information, so I actually learned something.\n\nWith the information given, the one thing you can find out about this plasmid is what gene it posseses that allows its antibiotic resistance.  \n\nYou would do this by plating out the plasmid on agar plates that contain different antibiotics i.e. kanamycin, ampicillin.\n\nYou can pick the colonies that grow, and test for the "glo" gene.  This would verify the presence of the antimicrobial gene from which the colony was picked from.\n\nIn other words, the colony which has the "glo" gene also contains the gene resistant to the antimicrobial agent it was on  grown on.\n\n\nI hope this helps.  Pass on the good Karma!
210836
There are only a handful becasue more antibiotics attack prokaryotic cellular structures, such as the prokaryotic ribosome, but protozoa are eukaryotic. Examples that are used inlcudeamphotericin B, metronidazole, pentamidine and tinidazole
492943
If it is like the transformation experiments we did in my genetics class, you will be selecting for resistance to an antibiotic.  Usually a plasmid, in this case, the pBLU, has resistance to an antibiotic, and the ability to synthesize a certain amino acid.  pBLU I believe bestows the ability to synthesis lactose and gives resistance to ampicillin, which is selected for, as the E. coli without the resistance will die on the plates with ampicillin on them.
134025
Antibiotics are specificly to kill bacteria.  When misused they can promote the development of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics so should always be used by following a physician's directions
104229
Type B refers to the bacterial strain haing  a specific type of long sugar chains that cover the bacterial cell forming the capsule. U must be aware of the fact that any bacteria a covered by a capsule made of sugar/polysachs. some bacterial strains are classified based on teh type of sugar chains they bear on their surface (which may act as antigen to be recognized by host immune system).
767124
I think you mean why do the bacteria have a higher resistance.\n\nIt is called evolution in action.  The bacteria with low resistance die, the bacteria with higher resistance reproduce.
913347
Bacteria have very few chromosomes compared to us, so there must be a very simple bacteria with only 1 chromosome.  Their chromosomes are circular and are called plasmids.
567277
Plasmids often contain genes for drug resistance and are used in genetic engineering, since they can be transmitted between bacteria of the same and different species.\n\nThat's the only one with any survival qualities.
398359
Bacterial infections. Be aware that viral infections do not respond to antibiotics.\n\nHowever, some drugs considered in the "antibiotics" class are used to treat cancers, called chemotherapy antibiotics. These include plicamycin, bleomycin, etc.
949412
Yes, try to this!\n\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3906008