what are the technology and equipment used to study the ocean floor?
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http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology/technology.html
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Deep inside the ocean...B-)
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self contained underwater breathing apparatus
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SONAR (SOund Navigation And Ranging), is based on the principal that sound propagation through a liquid-based medium is reflected off of objects it hits, and when directed towards the ocean floor, it can be reflected off the bottom, shipwrecks, cracks, coral reifs, or even large fish.\n\nWhen you create a time-based map of the data, you can create a topographic relief of the ocean floor.\n\nPlease see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonar for more information.
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seismographs and seismometers
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SELF-CONTAINED UNDERWATER BREATHING APPARATUS!!!\n\npick meeee please?
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Laboratory implements?
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A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity of a liquid..i.e. the density of a liquid as compared to that of water.
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It is very simple really, although my explanation may seem complex. This was first observed in the Pacific Ocean during World War 2.  The US Navy first noticed magnetic anomalies in the sea bed during anti-submarine operations that were using airborne magnetometers to detect submarines. They began to notice variations in the magnetic field of different areas. Oceanographers in the 1950's adapted this technology and began mapping the magnetic anomalies of the sea floor. What they found were that there were symmetric patterns of magnetic field reversals preserved in the rock of the seafloor that were in wide bands parallel to the mid-ocean ridges.  These reversals of magnetic field preserved in the seafloor correspond with reversals of the earth's magnetic field that have been taking place over time. These reversals can be dated using paleomagnetic measurements of rock samples combined with other geologic data such as fossil evidence and techniques such as potassium-argon dating. There is now a well established magnetic record of much of earth's history. These magnetic stripes along the seafloor provide excellent proof of sea floor spreading by showing that the oldest parts of the seafloor are along the ocean boundaries near subduction zones and intersections with continental plates.\n\nA very good explanation with illustrations and history is here: \nhttp://www.tectonic-forces.org/simplified.htm
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Main methods --\n(1)studying the patterns of vibrational echoes returned from surface and subsurface man-made explosions;\n(2)studying data gathered by instruments during earthquakes;\n(3)studying volcanic materials
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Geophysics is the study of the earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic reflection and refraction, geodesy, gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods.
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This question is extremely open. There have been developments in marine machinery ever since the first man went away from shore on the trunk of a fallen tree.\n\nPlease provide more information.
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Titanium with special alloy bolts so saltwater doesn't corrode. Light weight for its strength.\nSome deep sea are silica glass. The strength increases as the compressive loads are applied.\nCheck Jacques Cousteau. He made some special deep diving.\nWoods Hole Oceanographic Institute has Alvin.
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Natural resources\n\nThere is a substantial amount of petroleum and natural gas under the seabed: see North Sea oil.
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Yes, a 10 feet rod that you poke around in the earth and get samples. Which you analyze for humidity and graph to get a more less accurate location. But don't worry more than 70% of the earth can be dug up into wells, because water will "find" the hole looking for the path of least resistance.
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Bathymetric means, the measurement of water depth at various places in a body of water or the information derived from such measurements.\n\nBathymetric maps are topographical maps of the sea floor.\n\nBathymetric distribution is the study of density of species in the ocean as it relates to underwater geographic patterns.
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An echo sounder consists of a transmitter, which emits an ultrasonic pulse, and a receiver, which detects the pulse after reflection from the seabed. The time between transmission and receipt of the reflected signal is a measure of the depth of water. Fishing boats use echo sounders to detect shoals of fish and navies use them to find enemy submarines.