where does carbonaceous  shale  get  its  carbon  from?
81035
Shale, a sedimentary rock, is described as carbonaceous when it is interpreted or observed to contain organic matter. Commonly the organic matter originates at as plant debris which was deposited  with mud  that  through burial (pressure and heat) hardens  into a sedimentary rock called a shale.  Carbonaceous shales are often light gray to black in color and when carefully examined with a hand lens, one can see very fine bits and pieces of plant stems and leaves (microscopic fossil plants) which make up the carbonaceous organic matter of the shale. There is economic importance attached to this carbonaceous material in that it may be an important source of natural gas or methane which occurs within the earth.
1086584
In terms of geology, millions of years. Much of the current coal and oil in the ground was raw plant material in the Cretaceous. \n\nTime, Sediment, more Sediment and more time. \n\nHowever, \n\nIn a study a couple years ago, A scientist at the UIUC took organic matter (pig poop) and created a "feedstock" from it in the lab. \n\nEssentially through a Thermo-Chemical Conversion he took raw sewage and created a product which go into the crude oil processing for refining. Mind you this process and study is in it's infancy but the implications are dramatic. \n\nWe can now or will in the not to distant future convert animal and human waste products into a biomass feed source for fueling everything from automobiles to airplanes. \n\nThere are companies today that are gleening natural gas from landfill gases. These processes may be able to make cities less depend on purchasing expensive Natural Gas. Also in CTL/GTL processing conversion of natural to petro feedstock is being done through a process engineered by the 1930-40s Germans. Fischer-Tropsch refining of natural gas is coming into it's own..
1055635
It formed of dead bodies of plankton million years ago, found in certain rock formation called reservoir. Produced by drilling an oil well and gathered into surface facilities. Separated from its impurities (sediments and water), it transported mostly by pipeline to the refineries. The refineries extract the crude components at each weights to make various type of fuel such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil and so on. Crude oil composed by carbons and hydrogen that so called hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons constitute a very large group including alkanes, alkenes, and alykynes.\nIt's non-renewable energy resources.
92969
It's just an organic mineral like coal. It is created with enormous amounts of heat and pressure over millions of years from fossils. It really doesn't have a purpose it's just under the surface of the earth.
67029
Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (strip mining). It is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. It is composed primarily of carbon along with assorted other elements, including sulfur. Often associated with the Industrial Revolution, coal remains an enormously important fuel and is the largest single source of electricity world-wide. In the United States, for example, the burning of coal generates 50% of the electricity consumed.
1117649
several things are at work:\n\n1) the mass of the trees & coal in any area is comparatively insignificant when contrasted against the mass of the earth\n\n2) conservation of matter (which roughly translates in this instance to conservation of mass): the involved processes are not nuclear in nature\n\nfor instance, a pound of coal is taken from the Black Mesa, AZ and burned in New York, NY.  in New York, it leaves behind 0.8 ounces of Mercury, 1.2 ounces of carbon black and 0.5 ounces of material retained in the formation of ash: 13.5 ounces were converted to components of exhaust gases -- commonly, carbon dioxide and water.\n\nNow imagine the total mass of the earth is 2000 tons and the average density is 4 g/cm^3 (just over 249.71 lbs/cu ft): the average radius of the earth would then be very slightly less than 15.638 feet (roughly 27,680,013 cu ins).\n\n\nWithout going into the slight deformation of our oblate spheroid, and imagining the pound of coal had an average density of 1.5 g/cm^3, the extracted coal had a volume of roughly 18.453 cu ins.\n\nThe distance those 18+ cu ins were moved amounts to just under 93 inches along a great circle route describing a 1179.07-inch circumference (almost 28.387 deg).\n\nObviously, this is going to have negligible effect on the mass of the overall body, even with it rotating at 1/4 deg per minute (1 revolution per 24 hours). \n\nthese gases disperse, and are usually absorbed by various organisms.  however, some of these gases are further converted (for instance, lightning can separate water and other compounds into their constituent atoms, and provide the energy for reforming other compounds such as ozone).\n\nfor those unfamiliar with it, ozone is the triatomic form of oxygen (which is why i get a kick out of ads like the one for the "ionic breeze" that "converts ozone to oxygen")\n\nthe point is that the masses of the constituent elements never changed: they were simply redistributed -- arguably, in a way that mitigates against the creation of even a very slightly unbalanced condition.
904998
Coal is not actually a compound, but rather a mixture of compounds and so it does not have a chemical formula.\n\nHowever depending on the type of coal, it is composed of between 50-100% carbon, by mass, with the rest being Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and trace amounts of Sulfur. \nLignate has the lowest carbon content followed by sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and finally anthracite which is almost pure carbon.
118282
Fossil energy is provided by things like coal, natural gas and oil. It is not easy to tell which was used first as a fuel, oil or coal. There have been natural seeps of oil around for a long time that could have been burned in lamps. Oil was certainly well known in the ancient world. For example, pitch was used by the ancient Egyptians to seal the pyramids and to coat their mummies. Boats along the Euphrates in some of the earliest human recorded settlements were sealed with pitch.\n\nOil had become so important as a fuel source in China as much as 1700 years ago that it oil wells were being dug to extract it. We have evidence of oil wells up to 800 feet deep were being drilled in China in 347 CE. \n\nAnother contender for oldest fossil fuel usage is coal. It was used as ornamentation in both China and the Roman empire, but was probably first used as fuel in Britain during the Roman period. Peat, a form of coal, was not used as fuel apparently until much later when wood supplies had been exhausted in Europe.
894317
The simplist way to make carbon is through imcomplete combustion of common fuels such as tissues ­of plants (wood), tar, oil, natural gas, etc. ­that will burn easily. When they burn, the compound is oxidised and carbon dioxide is produced. The remaining material is nearly pure carbon (which can be seen in the charred nature of burnt wood, for example).  \n\nIf you are wondering how extract C from CaCO3 however, it is little more involved.  Simply put: \n\n1.  React the CaCO3 with HCl to from for CO2 gas. \nCaCO3 + HCl ---> CO2 + H2O + CaCl2\n\n2.  From the CO2 gas from Step 1, react it with highly reactive metal such as Tungsten and it should produce tungsten trioxide with elemental carbon.\nCO2 + W  <---> WO3 + C\n\nIn theory it works but I dont know if it will work in real life.  Try it if you are so curious.  =)
104088
>>>>>where do plants get carbon from?\n\nPlants obtain their carbon directly  from the air in the form of carbon dioxide.\n\n>>>>where does the carbon go when plants die?\n\nThat depends entirely on what happens after the plant dies. In a natural forest most of the plant is eaten by animals and fungi. The carbon becomes a part of the animal and fungal body for a while. Some of it will end up back in the air as a result of the animals breating it out as carbon dioxide, some of it will remain in the soil as humus and soil carbon.\n\nFire will tend to short circuit that process and convert most of the carbon into carbon dioxide. however some wil remain behind in the ground as charcoal.\n\nIn a managed forest the carbon wil be largely taken away as timber. That carbon will be stored as furniture or buildings or paper. Then it will most likely be dumoped in a landfill and covered with soil. Once ther some of it will find its way back into the air as methane but most of it it will sit under the ground and gradually convert to coal.
650823
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
246151
Kerosene is obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum at 150°C and 275°C (carbon chains from the C12 to C15 range).\n\nTypically, kerosene directly distilled from crude oil requires some treatment, either in a Merox unit or a hydrotreater, to reduce its sulfur content and its corrosiveness. Kerosene can also be produced by a hydrocracker, which is used to upgrade the parts of crude oil that would otherwise only be good for fuel oil.\n\nKerosene was first refined from coal by Atlantic Canada's Abraham Gesner in 1846, founding the modern petroleum industry in the process. Gesner went on to establish his Kerosene Gaslight Company to market kerosene around the world in 1850. Polish chemist Ignacy Łukasiewicz discovered the means of refining kerosene from the less expensive seep oil in 1856.
479015
From so many chemical reactions you couldn't list them all here but if you mean in the context of the global warming issue we need only look at systems that release carbon that would otherwise be locked away into the environment.  The big two sources are the much talked about burning of fossil fuels.  The carbon of coal and oil are burned to form mostly CO2.  Another big source that I don't hear much about is the carbon in limestone (calcium carbonate).  We heat this up to realize a lot of CO2 to make concrete.  A lot of CO2 is released in this process.  From the limestone and from the fossil fuel used to cook it.
1145084
I don't especially like any of your choices, and I am a petroleum geologist. I will address them one at a time to explain. \n\nOil can slowly migrate: Yes, oil does migrate through *POROUS* rock such as limestone and sandstone. The process generally takes thousands of years, if not millions of years, so migration would not explain any new oil discoveries in historic times. Even porous rock is not 'empty' and the migrating oil will have to displace water before it can move.  \n\nOil is made quickly: FALSE. Oil is made from organic matter that is buried in sedimentary rock, and when it is buried deep enough to reach temperatures above 140 degrees F (60 C) it will undergo a chemical change called catagenesis, forming oil. At higher temperatures natural gas is formed. The youngest oil known to have been found was about 4,000 years old. Most oil is much older, often ten to twenty million years older and may have spent millions of years undergoing catagenesis. \n\nThe areas have shale: Shale is a common source rock for oil. Shales are a very common type of rock that contain several percent of organic material. Shale may be the rock where oil is formed, but it is not the rock where oil is stored and recovered from. Shale is generally has no porosity, so as shale undergoes catagenesis, it expels the oil. It does not store significant quantities of oil. There are shale source rocks that are generating oil today, and some oil reservoirs may be being supplied by these source rocks, but it is not likely that they generate oil as fast as it can be pumped, so the oil being currently generated is a very minor source at best. There have been decades of research trying to get oil from 'oil shales' with few promising results. The current research into oil shale is focused on actually cooking the shale to create oil from the organic material in the shale. \n\nAs for the comment about abiogenic oil: It may be possible, but no known reservoirs of abiogenic oil have ever been discovered. The major proponent of abiogenic oil predicted it would be found in rocks other than sedimentary rock (igneous rocks), and it has not been discovered to date, so would be considered both rare and unlikely.\n\nA much better answer to your question that was not offered as a choice:\nOil is sometimes found in abundace in areas where some years ago there didn't seem to be enough there to justify drilling, because some years ago the technology and geological knowledge was not sufficient to detect what was already there. One of the biggest natural gas fields in Canada was drilled through repeatedly before anyone noticed it. That field was passed over by all the major oil companies who did not recognize the natural gas in their exploration wells because they did not expect it to be there in a water-saturated rock. \n\nHere are some sources:\nHunt,John M., 1996, Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology, New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 743 pp\n\nHere is a simplified set of illustrations and text that explain oil formation and the process of migration and trap:\nhttp://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/systems/systems_home.html\nYoung oil:\nhttp://www.science-frontiers.com/sf076/sf076g09.htm
472906
Carbon. A diamond is carbon put under a lot of pressure. And haven't you ever heard of somebody drawing with "opaper and carbons"?
889370
carbon has no free electrons available\nso it cannot conduct electricitys\nin case of germanium and si they have d orbits in the outer shell and they have greater mobility
872414
Diamonds are formed by intense pressure on carbon deposits in the Earth's surface.  With enough pressure and time, a chunk of carbon can form a diamond.  The carbon that is in the Earth's surface can come from fossilized organic materials (ie prehistoric plants, animals, etc).