Studies in randomness & financial calculations?
88583
What is your question?
9363
No.  You can't definitively "prove" a sequence of numbers is not randomly generated by just looking at the numbers, but you can still draw conclusions with a high degree of confidence.\n\nFor example, it is extremely unlikely that a random number generator will produce the same number twenty times in a row, but technically, it is possible.  So seeing this happen doesn't prove it's not random, but you can still conclude that it's not.
1022381
You can use a chi-square test for goodness of fit.  In the link below, O would be the observed number of times each card came up and E would be the expected.  (You would have to compute this 52 times and then add them up.).  So if you did this 500 times, the E for each card would be 500/52, which will be greater than 5, which is the typical way you determine if the sample size is large enough.  Under the assumption that the cards are at random, this would have a chi square distribution with 52-1 = 51 degrees of freedom.  You can do a test of significance using this test statistic and distribution.
631063
I don't recall  the FORTRAN language as having a defined random number generator, so I think the answer to your question is going to depend on the specific FORTRAN implementation you're using.   You might try RAND(); that's what I recall worked on at least one version of FORTRAN I used, but that was a long time ago...
258579
try this site\n\nhttp://www.futureaccountant.com/probability/study-notes/
15436
1. Jessica M Utts and Robert F Heckard (2006) Statistical Ideas and Methods, Thomson Brookes/Cole \n*** (3 stars)\n2. Gerald Keller and Brian Warrack, Statistics for Management and Economics –6th Edition, Duxbury. This textbook comes with a CD-ROM comprising applets for interactive examples, a student study guide and data files.\n****(4 stars) - quite good
1143752
http://cis.jhu.edu/~bruno/s06-311/\n\nhttp://www.eng.wayne.edu/page.php?id=1434\n\nhttp://web.njit.edu/~dhar/math333/fin333_sp02A.pdf#search='sample%20Probability%20and%20Statistics%20exam'
12763
There is a review called "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)". Check out Volume 20, Issue 3 (September 1994)\nPages: 373 - 392   \n(ISSN:0098-3500)
181967
As with any sample, you generally discard the highest and lowest extremes to reduce the rate of error. Millionaires can be found in any field and are atypical of the population anyways, unless you are talking about Wall Street :)
169837
A good site to this type of research for free is Morningstar.   Although it has a premium subscription for some of its research, it also provides good, basic mutual fund information for free.  You can also check the quarterly mutual fund roundups in Business Week, Forbes, and Fortune, as well as the New York Times and Wall Street Journal.
1136407
You need to find something you are really interested in.  You'll be spending a great deal of time working on your thesis, and taking a random pick is not the way to go.\n\nIf you want more advice on different paths and possibilities, you might provide a little more information along with your question.  What general direction are you looking at, and what sort of topics have you thought about so far?
1161921
A really good book is Bayesian Data Analysis, Second Edition, by Andrew Gelman, et al.  I found it to be one of the easier to comprehend books on Bayesian statistics.  It was as "rigorous" as you might like, but I have found it absolutely useful in day to day analysis tasks.\n\nHowever, I have to admit that until I had a formal course in Bayesian Statistics, reading all the books I tried to read on the subject just didn't get to the fundamental gist.  David Draper out of the University of California, Santa Cruz is about one of the best mathematics / statistics lecturers I've ever encountered.  He put together the foundation that helped me understand the Gelman work.  But reading Gelman first helped me appreciate what I was learning from Draper.  If Draper ever finishes his book (the basis for the course notes), I'd recommend that as a good foundation for more rigorous understanding.
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Simulation technique is used to generate a no of random no so that these can be used to generate different scenarios and circumstances.\nMonte Carlo is one of the techniques to generate these nos.\nfind more on the following link \nhttp://www.decisioneering.com/monte-carlo-simulation.html
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Is the term you are looking for "probability"?\n\nI hope this helps.
1134715
Valuation of financial derivatives (options, futures, forwards, etc)\nReal hard math, but real good money.
227479
IMO, fb2kool is on to something.  Luck is used to describe a short series of events that appear to deviate from the average (when they simply contribute to the average).  The strange thing about probability is that the "average" never seems to happen.
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Let me tell you a story about anecdotal evidence.  I had this friend who always supported his arguments with anecdotal evidence, and one day I took him to task for it, by presenting him with statistical data that completely demolished his hunches.  :^)