what is Friedrich Hegel known for and why is he important?
86756
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770–November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. His influence has been widespread on writers of widely varying positions, including both his admirers (F. H. Bradley, Sartre), and his detractors (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Heidegger).\n\nHegel was fascinated by the works of Spinoza, Kant, Rousseau, and Goethe, and by the French Revolution. Modern philosophy, culture, and society seemed to Hegel fraught with contradictions and tensions, such as those between the subject and object of knowledge, mind and nature, self and other, freedom and authority, knowledge and faith, the Enlightenment and Romanticism. Hegel's main philosophical project was to take these contradictions and tensions and interpret them as part of a comprehensive, evolving, rational unity that, in different contexts, he called "the absolute idea" or "absolute knowledge".\n\nAccording to Hegel, the main characteristic of this unity was that it evolved through and manifested itself in contradiction and negation. Contradiction and negation have a dynamic quality that at every point in each domain of reality — consciousness, history, philosophy, art, nature, society — leads to further development until a rational unity is reached that preserves the contradictions as phases and sub-parts of a larger, evolutionary whole. This whole is mental because it is mind that can comprehend all of these phases and sub-parts as steps in its own process of comprehension. It is rational because the same, underlying, logical, developmental order underlies every domain of reality and is ultimately the order of self-conscious rational thought, although only in the later stages of development does it come to full self-consciousness. The rational, self-conscious whole is not a thing or being that lies outside of other existing things or minds. Rather, it comes to completion only in the philosophical comprehension of individual existing human minds who, through their own understanding, bring this developmental process to an understanding of itself.\n\nCentral to Hegel's conception of knowledge and mind (and therefore also of reality) was the notion of identity in difference, that is that mind externalizes itself in various forms and objects that stand outside of it or opposed to it, and that, through recognizing itself in them, is "with itself" in these external manifestations, so that they are at one and the same time mind and other-than-mind. This notion of identity in difference, which is intimately bound up with his conception of contradiction and negativity, is a principal feature differentiating Hegel's thought from that of other philosophers.\n\nMany consider Hegel's thought to represent the summit of early 19th century Germany's movement of philosophical idealism. It would come to have a profound impact on many future philosophical schools, including schools that opposed Hegel's specific dialectical idealism, such as Existentialism, the historical materialism of Karl Marx, historicism, and British Idealism. At the same time, modern analytic and positivistic philosophers have considered Hegel a principal target because of what they consider the obscurantism of his philosophy. Hegel was aware of his 'obscurantism' and saw it as part of philosophical thinking that grasps the limitations of everyday thought and concepts and tries to go beyond them. Hegel wrote in his essay "Who Thinks Abstractly?" that it is not the philosopher who thinks abstractly but the person on the street, who uses concepts as fixed, unchangeable givens, without any context. It is the philosopher who thinks concretely, because he or she goes beyond the limits of everyday concepts and understands their larger context. This can make philosophical thought and language seem mysterious or obscure to the person on the street.\n\nHege
1140953
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831):called it "volksgeist" Volks-people, Geist-spirit. (in german)   The shared collective thoughts and beliefs of a people or nation.\n\n      Also Zeitgeist- meaning spirit of time(the dominant principles of a given time period shared among the peoples)\n\n     I don't know if I explained it clearly but it is a very simple idea...just don't overthink it....there is more but it isn't neccesary to understand this...
137747
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was one of the most important German physicists of the late 19th and early 20th century; he is considered to be the inventor of quantum theory.
775727
Say hola to Bernhard Riemann. The man who paved the way for relativity also developed the symbol for congruence!
663502
From my point of view, Marx was an excellent analyst of the economy. Marx's interpretations of what was happening in his time are great and based in many previous authors but I think the main influence was David Ricardo. This Marxism may be used to understand today's capitalism. It may be even used to improve today's capitalism (and many socialist parties around the world did it).\n\nThen you have in Marx a political philosopher. He stands that capitalism is unfair. And he and his followers entered the political arena with an agenda that emerges from Marx's philosophy. I should say that the main influence here comes from Rousseau. This Marx and this Marxism is a political party. You may agree or not, you may become a communist and fight for the revolution or not. But from this point of view, revolution is something that has to be made, that will not just happen.\n\nBut finally you have in Marx a prophet. Based on an early positivist vision and some bad reading of Hegel, Marx explanation of the revolution was more a prophecy than a political issue or a scientific theory.\n\nAs a conclusion, I don't believe in Marx's prophecies that the revolution is coming.\n\nI don't subscribe to his political agenda, so I'm not going to fight for the revolution to come.\n\nFinally, though many tendencies in the economy that Marx predicted happened, the capability of capitalism to re-invent itself and re-create scarcity makes me think that capitalism will not end soon and after it ends nothing tells me that what may replace it is what Marx predicted.
1159279
He was brilliant, well educated and sought to constantly test his thinking... a rare (but very human) man.  Perhaps you should read some of the many, many books written on this Founding Father for more insight into the particulars of his life?
257317
Adolf Hitler\nHermann Goring\nJoseph Goebbels\nHeinrich Himmler
501352
Here's a link for you on the history of Napoleon.\n\nhttp://www.web-books.com/Classics/Nonfiction/History/Napoleon_Abbott/Napoleon_AbbottP1.htm\n\nHere is what Napolean realized at the end of his life...\n\n“I know men – I tell you – Jesus is not a man. He commands us to believe and gives no other reason than His awesome Word: ‘I am God.’ Philosophers try to solve the mysteries of the universe by empty dissertations – fools... Christ never hesitates; He speaks with authority. His religion is a mystery, but it subsists by its own power. He seeks and absolutely requires the love of men – the most difficult thing in the world to obtain. Alexander, Caesar, Hannibal conquered the world, but had no friends. I myself am perhaps the only person of my day who loves Alexander, Caesar, Hannibal, Charlemagne who, like myself, founded empires. But upon what? Force. Jesus founded His empire on love. And at this hour millions would die for Him. I myself have inspired multitudes with such affection that they would die for me, but my presence was necessary. Now that I’m in St Helena, where are my friends? I am forgotten, soon to return to the earth and become food for worms. What an abyss between my misery and the eternal Kingdom of Christ who is proclaimed, loved, adored, and which is extending over all the earth. Is this death that He died? I tell you, the death of Christ is the death of a god. I tell you, Jesus Christ is God. This Man respects your dignity. He will never force you to become His disciple. But He loves you and He asks you to invite Him to be the Lord of your life. He leaves you to decide...” \nNapoleon Bonaparte  (1769–1821)
352961
use wikipedia. Important person was Menshikov, childhood buddy of Peter. Important place is St-Petersburg, the city he build to serve as gateway to Europe. Poet Puskin later called this  "cutting a window to Europe".
100034
I assume you were refering to Nicoli Tesla. Indeed he was great man. I read a book about him several years ago. It was he that invented alternating current. The credit usually goes to george westinghouse, and he does indeed deserve partial credit-he financed Mr. Tesla.\n\nTesla invented many things that are in use today. Of course A.C. was the big one. There are other reasons why tesla is not so famous. His main rival was Tom Edison. Tom Edison was also a inventor (duh) and his idea of using D.C. was the one to beat. Tesla's A.C. was superior and edison knew it, but Edison had a huge ego and did stunts trying to show that A.C. was dangerous. Basicaly he electrocuted animals on stage. If you look hard on the internet you will find a very old video of edison electrocuting an elephant to death. \n\nWhat it all boils down to is Westinghouse and Edison hating each other and that is what the public saw, and poor old tesla was just plain forgotten about.
128659
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (frē'drĭkh vĭl'hĕlm nē'chə) , 1844–1900, German philosopher, b. Röcken, Prussia. The son of a clergyman, Nietzsche studied Greek and Latin at Bonn and Leipzig and was appointed to the chair of classical philology at Basel in 1869. In his early years he was friendly with the composer Richard Wagner, although later he was to turn against him. Nervous disturbances and eye trouble forced Nietzsche to leave Basel in 1879; he moved from place to place in a vain effort to improve his health until 1889, when he became hopelessly insane. Nietzsche was not a systematic philosopher but rather a moralist who passionately rejected Western bourgeois civilization. He regarded Christian civilization as decadent, and in place of its “slave morality” he looked to the superman, the creator of a new heroic morality that would consciously affirm life and the life values. That superman would represent the highest passion and creativity and would live at a level of experience beyond the conventional standards of good and evil. His creative “will to power” would set him off from “the herd” of inferior humanity. Nietzsche's thought had widespread influence but was of particular importance in Germany. Apologists for Nazism seized on much of his writing as a philosophical justification for their doctrines, but most scholars regard this as a perversion of Nietzsche's thought. Among his most famous works are The Birth of Tragedy (1872, tr. 1910); Thus Spake Zarathustra (1883–91, tr. 1909, 1930), and Beyond Good and Evil (1886, tr. 1907).
691765
very important person
357973
Also called:Galen of Pergamum (Scientist)\n\nMany of Galen's writings in clear Attic Greek survive, making him the major influence on European medicine until the Renaissance. His primary contribution was to have carefully dissected and observed many mammals, including Barbary apes but apparently not including humans, and to have accurately (for the most part) described such structures as the nervous system, the heart, the kidneys, and so forth. His philosophical bent was that God has designed living creatures to function perfectly and that study of these creatures reveals God's purpose. Although Galen was more Stoic than Christian, this attitude helped maintain the popularity of his works throughout the Christian world of the Middle Ages. For the next 1400 years, Galen's ideas -- many correct, others incorrect -- were considered infallible.
767230
gregor johann mendel for genetics\ntheory of evolution by charles darwin
478596
We're not here to do your homework for you, but I don't mind pointing you in the right direction.\n\nStart out by spelling the names correctly - I think you're interested in the contributions of Max Planck and Albert Einstein, not "Walk the" Plank and some other guy I've never heard of named Einstien.\n\nSince both are Nobel Prize winners, a good place to start your research would be with their official biographies at the Nobel Prize homepage - see the links below for those:\n\nYou'll find lots more information at the Wikipedia encyclopedic entry for each of these two famous German-born scientists - I've linked those sites below as well.\n\nRead the bios - then do your own homework!
72768
Try this website, the section for " Famous Names in Psychology". There's a large lilst of psychologists with further links to sites about them. The list include Adler, Binet, Erikson, Freud, Hall, James,  Jung, Lorenz, Maslow, Mead, Milgram, Pavlov, Piaget, Rogers, Skinner, Titchener, Watson, Wertheimer and Wundt
447938
Nikola Tesla was a great Genius . He was responsible for Developing the alternating currents system which was adopted by Westinghouse.He Invented many electrical and magnetic devices including the induction motor.