deep ocean currents form where the density of cool water whats?
86175
I know that water is most dense at 4 degress celsius
509909
4°C, the temperature of maximum density for water.\n\nBelow that temperature, and the water starts to expand as the crystalline lattice begins to form.  Above that temperature, the density drops because of the increased molecular vibrational activity.
137615
It’s fairly complicated, but in simple terms it’s because warm water rises and cold water sinks.\n\nThe problem with nutrients in the ocean is that they are accumulated in the bodies of living things, and living things are solid, and solid objects tend to sink. A fish carcasse or a plankton carcasse might gloat for  a few hours or a few days, but then it sinks.  And it sinks straight to the bottom of the ocean, carrying all the nutrients it concentrated in its lifetime with it.\n\nAs a result upper level ocean waters tend to become nutrient depleted very quickly. Even if I spray fertiliser on the ocean to increase the nutrient levels I will only get a brief bloom of life, and then it will die… and sink straight to the bottom. Dead things like logs or wildebeest lie around on the surface on the land, and so the nutrient they accumulated can be released by decay and used all over again by other lifeforms. So you get localised nutrient cycling on the land. Living things in the ocean sink, so any nutrient added only lasts a few generations at best, then it is lost. It can’t be locally cycled.\n\nSo for an area of ocean to remain productive it needs to have a constant source of nutrients added to replace all those nutrients that are being lost as the sink into the depths.  That addition can come from rivers on a very localised scale, but for large scale work those nutrients can only come from one place, and that is the same place they escaped to in the first place: the nutrients have to come from the ocean depths.\n\nThe only way to drag up nutrients form the ocean depths is to have water rising form the ocean depths, right? Make sense? Water on the equator is already warm, and warm water floats on the surface. You can’t get the cold nutrient rich waters form the depth to the surface if the surface water is already warm.  But if the water is colder than the deep ocean water, then the deep water will rise like a bubble, bringing all those nutrients form the depths right to the surface.\n\nThis is most apparent in the arctic and antarctic spring. The sudden melt of ice causes the temperature of the liquid ocean to fall, not just because melted ice is cold but because the ice acted as a blanket all winter, and now it’s gone. The ocean surface becomes notably colder than the ocean depths. The surface water cascades down through the ocean like a submarine waterfall, and the deep nutrient rich waters rise like smoke form a fire, bringing nutrients with them. This is accompanied by a massive bloom in algae and is followed by a massive bloom in zooplankton feeding on it. And following the zooplankton come the plankton feeders: the fish, the whales and the seals. The productivity of the arctic and antarctic ocean in spring is as high as anywhere on earth despite the low temperatures. And it supports the largest animals that have ever lived.
707879
The tectonic plates are "floating" on a liqid mantle that has convection currents.  These convection move the plates around the globe.  This is the science behing plate tectonics
804217
the ocean is like the wind it has layers of different kinds of salinity of water and tempratures.it has currents going one way and the deeper you go they go an other way some are slow while others can move at highway speeds.it is what keeps the oceans stired up .hot water on the top while you have very cold dense water on the bottom,the heat of the earth is the engine of life
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Ocean currents in the northern hemisphere go clockwise.\nAs the current starts from it southern most point (i.e. near the equator), it is a warm ocean current. It will travel as a warm current along the east coast of the continent to its west side. As the current continues to move clockwise it will move across the ocean towards its most northern part. It is still technically a warm water current until it begins to travel southward along the west coast of the eastern continent.\nAn example would be the North Atlantic Ocean Gyre. It starts north of the equator, moves up towards the Caribbean and US East Coast (the Gulf Stream) and then travels eastward across the Atlantic to England. At this point it is still considered a warm ocean current because of its temp relative to the surrounding waters. As the current begins to move southward along the western European coast it becomes a cold ocean current until it gets back to along the equator.\nIn the southern hemisphere it is just the opposite! \nBut maybe a simpler answer would have been by looking at a currents temperature RELATIVE to surrounding bodies of water, but that is not as precise as the answer given above.\nHope this helps.
894097
This is what causes a surface current. \nAs winds blow across the ocean, there is friction between the wind and the water. Some of the energy of the wind is transferred to the water to make waves which travel across the surface of the ocean and some of the energy is transferred into surface currents.\nWhen currents run into something, like a continent, they must change direction. The current must turn right or left to form boundary currents or flow below the surface of the ocean to form a subsurface current.
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Gulf Stream and Kuroshio currents.\nthis is a question in geo 2200 course \n\ngulf stream \n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Stream\n\nKuroshio Current (not quite northern but close)\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuroshio
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10,916 meters (35,814 feet), to Challenger Deep in the Marianas trench, which is the deepest known part of the Earth's oceans.  The Marianas trench is in the western north Pacific Ocean.  \n\nSee sources.
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Let's consider a deep-sea diver. The pressure pushing on the diver is less at shallow depths than at greater depths. This is because at shallow depths, there is a shorter column on water above the diver than there would be at greater depths. But the pressure the diver feels is not just felt from above! The force is transmitted through the fluid and pushes the diver from all directions, even from below. \n\nPressure within the Earth can be thought of the same way that we think of water pressure on a diver. Under the surface of the ocean, you are under pressure from all directions because of the weight of the column of water above you. Within the Earth, an object is under pressure from all directions due to the weight of the column of rock above the object. This pressure is often called confining pressure, because it is the push from all directions that tends to confine material to the smallest possible volume (space).
384989
The bootom of the ocean has, of coure, a density larger than the surface of the ocean. Despite this large density, the bottom of the ocean is not motionless. It circulates around the globe on what is called the Ocean Conveyor Belt driven by differences in density at the bottom of the ocean.
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Pacific Ocean.\n\nThe deepest point in the world's oceans is the Challenger Deep, in the Marianas Trench; its depth is 11.03 km (36,200 feet)
101455
>>>>>at 4 degrees above its freezing point, water sinks.\n\nThis is true.\n\n>>>>any lower, and it begins to freeze, forms crystals, and floats.\n\nThis is not true. Water begins to freeze at 0oC, not at 3.9oC or even 1oC.\n\n>>>>any warmer, and the molucular action makes it less >>>>dense.\n\nThis is not true. Water becomes less dense at warmer temperatures due to kinetic motion impeding the formation of hydrogen BETWEEN molecules.
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During winter the water at the surface of lake or pond gets cooled.\n\nDue to cooling density of water increases; denser water\ngoes down, while the relatively hot water comes up. This is convection.\n\nBut water has a peculiar property that below 4 degree C it becomes less dense.\n\nTherefore when the surface temperature is 4degree and below, the water at the surface cannot go down. Hence convection of water is stopped. \n\nThe temperature increases relative to water surface.  If the temperature of the water surface reaches freezing temperature, ice is formed on the surface and the freezing takes place from top to bottom.\n\nThus lives of water living creatures are saved from freezing.
725902
Hi. They are surface currents. : http://www.answers.com/topic/mixed-layer
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Hadley circulation of the atmosphere and ocean currents.
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Quite simple, though not simple to explain.\n\nWind :- The Insolation (INcomming SOLar radiATION), from the sun (tortology - sp?, i know) warms up the ground ou ocean. These bodies radiate heat in the form of infra red radiation which in turn heats up the atmosphere. The hot air rises and as it does, cooler air flows across the surface to replace the air that rose. Ari flowing across the surface is wind.\n\nOcean currents opperate in a similar fashon.