what r transgenic species,give examples & what r 3 of the  ethical issues that arise regarding this subject?
96293
The previous answer would be exellent except it is dead wrong.  You've confused transgenic with hybrid.\n\nA transgenic organism is an organims whose genome has been artificially altered.  For example, a transgenic cow may be altered to produce human insulin excreeded in her milk (which is excellent for treating diabetes).\n\nMajor ethical issues include, of course, the issue of "playing god," mentioned above.  More relevant issues tend to revolve around animal cruelty.  Basically, you've got some cow embryo (or whatever animal you're using) and alter its DNA to make it produce human insulin.  Great for the diabetic people getting the insulin, but what about the cow?  Is it right to keep her locked up for our use?  Was it right to mess with her DNA in the first place?\n\nTrangenic species can also be used to produce enhanced versions of the animal (ex. a cow that yields twice as much meat).  This creates some more animal cruelty issues, and maybe some issues about fair competition.\n\nTransgenic species are also commonly used in medical research (as well as other areas of biology) to test to effects of potential drugs and study the modes of action of certain diseases.  Animal testing has its own set of ethical issues.
824201
Transgenic plants are plants that possess a gene or genes that have been transfered from a different species. Such modification may be performed through ordinary hybridization through cross-pollination of plants, but the term today refers to plants produced in a laboratory using recombinant DNA technology in order to create plants with specific characteristics by artificial insertion of genes from other species, and sometimes entirely different kingdoms. See also Genetics, List of genetic engineering topics.\n\nPrior to the current era of molecular genetics starting around 1975, transgenic plants including cereal crops were (since the mid 1930s) part of conventional plant breeding.\n\nTransgenic varieties are frequently created by classical breeders who deliberately force hybridization between distinct plant species when carrying out interspecific or intergeneric wide crosses with the intention of developing disease resistant crop varieties. Classical plant breeder may use use of a number of in vitro techniques such as protoplast fusion, embryo rescue or mutagenisis to generate diversity and produce plants that would not exist in nature.\n\nSuch traditional techniques (used since about 1930 on) have never been controversial, or been given wide publicity except among professional biologists, and have allowed crop breeders to develop varieties of basic food crop, wheat in particular, which resist devastating plant diseases such as rusts. Hope is one such transgenic wheat variety bred by E. S. McFadden with a transgene from a wild grass. Hope saved American wheat growers from devastating stem rust outbreaks in the 1930s.
589689
I think you will find http://www.enterweb.org/ethics.htm provides a great place to start at least.\n\nAll the best!\n\nCheers\nAlister\nhttp://www.marketscience.com.au
143218
Dont mess with nature. \n\nScientists should respect nature more and work within the ethical guidelines.\n\nMany things can go wrong, just like first cloned sheep Dolly. (had immune system problems, and aged faster etc.)
297557
I tend not to think so because the benefits of many advances are not likely to reach all of humanity, and although I dont consider myself a dooms-dayer the lack of foresight by scientist could create bigger problems than they fix. One example that alarms me is the genetic modification of corn, a wind pollinated crop. Genetic polution from these crops has accidentally spread to ancient and wild varieties of the species, and could threaten the genetic diversity that we will likely need for the future. various projects involving modifications to bacteria and viruses also have me concerned because of potential unforseen consequences.
639232
http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB928_1.html\nhttp://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB928.html\n\nSome brief information there. More explained in Origin of Species for example.
462296
We use transgenic mice all the time.  Your question is a bit vague though.
174736
are you talking about "transgenic crops"  or traditional breeding methods?\n\nGenetically Modified (GM) crops are typically transgenic.  This process involves taking genes from one species—an animal, plant, bacterium, or virus—and inserting them into another species, such as an agricultural crop.  \n\nTo find out more, go to the website below:
778236
hybridization.com\n\nor just type the keyword and the information you needed wud appear..
682615
Ethical issues in cloning include the following:\n\nFirst, there were many issues with Dolly the sheep.  Dolly aged much quicker than a normal sheep.  Some scientists think this was due to the shortening telomeres from Dolly's cloned DNA.  The telomere theory is complicated, so I won't go into it here.  Suffice to say that there MIGHT be health consequences if we clone humans.  Most ethicicsts think we should resolve all those issues rather than let some unfortunate cloned people be the guiniea pigs.\n\nSecond, there are many moral implications.  Would the cloned child have psychological or emotional problems knowing that he/she was not conceived in the traditional way?  Who would be the child's father?  Mother?  Other objections to cloning are of a categorical variety.  In other words, we shouldn't clone simply because it's weird.  Some people think we should not screw around with human nature.  We shouldn't be engineering people's genetics, and we shouldn't be copying people genetically for research or mere curiosity.\n\nBecause there are so many questions involving the effects of cloning I think we should not do it.  The biggest reason we should stay away is because there really is no compelling reason TO do it.  Why would you want to clone someone?  The only logical reason I have heard is that you can create a human that is genetically identical (or close to it) to someone with a serious or fatal medical condition.  Then you can be absolutely sure the the clone could share blood or organs or with the sick person.  I think it's a bit cruel to create a person solely for the intention of curing someone else.  It's just not fair to the unfortunate clone who not only has to give up his organ or blood or whatever, but he also has to deal with the stigma of being a clone.\n\nThe issues are much more complex than I have stated.  This was a cursory examination of a very, very complex topic.  It is really fascinating, though, and I encourage you to keep researching.  There are great books on the subject, and tons of opinions on the web.\n\nOne final issue is what effect would this have on our society?  Would we reduce our genetic variation if we started cloning on a large-scale basis?  Would that leave us more susceptible to genetic diseases because we have decreased the variability?  Would cloning alter our perception of humanity and the sanctity of life?  Would we devalue the individual since we could theoretically just copy a new one?
407188
Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered,a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics.\n\nA transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome. The foreign gene is constructed using recombinant DNA methodology.
452995
i think mixing different species have both advantages n disadvantages .some of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Transgenic Crops?\nThe use of transgenic crops has been an issue for many years. Many concerns have been raised and these generally fall into two categories: \n\n\nA concern about what affect genetically modified material could have on human health. For example, transgenic crops have been suggested to cause allergies in some people, although it is uncertain whether transgenic crops are the source of this reaction3. Furthermore the antibiotic resistance genes placed in these crops has been suggested to cause resistance to antibiotics leading to super bugs that cannot be killed with antibiotic treatments3. The idea of a population being uncomfortable with ingesting DNA that originated from another source, such as a virus or bacteria, must also be considered when thinking about producing transgenic crops. However, to date, there is no evidence of the DNA from transgenic crops being any different from the DNA ingested from conventional crops. \nA concern about whether transgenic crops cause damage to the natural environment. One example includes pollen from transgenic corn, which has been suggested to kill the Monarch butterfly larvae. It has been shown that hybrid corn expresses a bacterial toxin in its pollen, which is then dispersed over 60 meters by wind. In this range, the corn pollen is deposited on other plants near cornfields where it can be ingested by non-target organisms including the monarch butterfly5. These butterflies have been found to eat less, have a slower growth rate and higher death rate5. A second example is the hybridization of crops with nearby weeds. This could cause these weeds to attain resistance to herbicides or other things that we have been trying to avoid for many years. Genes that provide resistance to viral disease or other traits allowing them to survive in their environment could end up benefiting weed populations around a crop field. This trait could make that population more difficult to control. To date, there has been little evidence to support this theory2. \nOn other side of the coin are the notions that support the use of transgenic crops. The potential benefits of which are quite obvious, including such things as increased yields (to feed a growing population), decreasing the use of pesticides (to save the environment and the cost of pesticides), and the production of novel crops (such as providing crops with increased nutritional value)3. Being able to retrofit any crop to our desires is a powerful concept, especially with the changing climates of today
778194
like any new technology genetic engineering will take on bigger and bigger projects until it gets too big.  Then it will scale back.  Predicting the future is tough work.  \n\nThe ethical issues involve how much control we give to an almighty God or to the hand of man (and woman).  Another big issue is who gets what?  Who will get the benefits and who will absorb the losses?  Genetics brings up malthusian doctrines and hitlerism all over again.  It's unavoidable questions of how to make the world a better place.  how we answer will determine the future.  \n\nThe safety risks are mainly centered around quality of life and life itself.  Genetic engineering enables complete control (eventually) of how we all turn out or modify, or replace, or even clone or reproduce ourselves.\n\nThese topics could fill many books and have.
976355
How about the fake cloning (see below): you could cover how other scientists were conned - and how it impacts science and research.\n\nScientists fretted Friday that a spectacular cloning fraud that hid in plain sight has set back legitimate stem cell work around the world. \nCloning experts and stem cell scientists said research in the potentially revolutionary field of regenerative medicine will continue unabated. But they said public confidence in their work had been weakened by a sham branded by experts as the most visible case of scientific fraud they could recall.\n\nScientists also struggled to explain how they didn't earlier catch the charismatic South Korean veterinarian's claim in a Science paper published in May that he cloned 11 human embryos to produce stem cells.\n\n"That's a difficult one,'' said Keith Campbell, the University of Nottingham researcher who helped clone Dolly the sheep in 1997. "Scientists are asked to referee a lot of papers and to a certain extent we have to believe each other as to the validity of the data.''\n\nA disgraced Hwang Woo-suk resigned from Seoul National University on Friday after the school said the researcher fabricated groundbreaking cloning and stem-cell research that had raised hopes of new cures for hard-to-treat diseases.\n\nWhen Hwang published findings in February 2004 and again in May, it was believed he had developed a new cloning method that enabled him to accomplish something no one else had.\n\nHwang chalked up much of the success to South Korean government support and dedicated researchers working around the clock. He also credited his workers' dexterity with chopsticks; stem cell researchers visited from around the world and rushed back to their labs to try the new technique.
319963
A transgenic organism is one whose genome has been subject to artificial modification. A transgenic organism may result when foreign DNA is inserted into the nucleus of a fertilized embryo. Bacterial transformation is another example of a process that leads to a transgenic organism.\n\nScientists are always doing this to gain knowledge.
252686
Transgenic maize (corn) has been deliberately genetically modified to have agronomically desirable traits. Traits that have been engineered into corn are resistance to herbicides and incorporation of a gene that codes for the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, protecting plants from insect pests. Hybrids with both herbicide and pest resistance have also been produced. Transgenic maize is currently grown commercially in the United States.\n\n>>>>>>>The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis, destroys corn crops by burrowing into the stem, causing the plant to fall over.\n>>>>>>>The best way to determine the resistance corn borer has developed to BT corn is see if it survives after eating BT corn. If it has no resistance it will starve to death upon consumption.
866554
There are more than two, depending on specifically what you are doing.\n\nGenerally transformation is of bacteria. The two major methods for doing this are plasmid transformation and phage transformation. (see link below)\n\nThere are additional methods used on eukaryotic cells.\n The Shotgun approach coats minuscule particles of gold with the DNA you want transferred and shoots them into the cells. Insertion is random.\n\n Some plants are amenable to agrobacterium mediated transformation. This is much more precise than the shotgun approach. (see link below)