who was the eliest pioneer in the field of mathematics?
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The earliest known mathematics in ancient India dates back to circa 3000 BC during the Indus Valley Civilization. After its collapse in 1700 BC however, writing was absent in South Asia for a long period. There is considerable controversy regarding the dates when writing was re-developed in India and when the Brahmi script was developed.[10] Some scholars, such as Georg Bühler, date the Brahmi script as early as the 8th century BC, others from the Maurya dynasty in the 4th century BC. Recent archeological evidence dates it to 600 BC (see Brāhmī), while some scholars even suggest 1000 BC.[11] If the earlier dates are correct, it is possible that Pythagoras traveled to India and learnt mathematics there, as some have claimed (such as Florian Cajori). If the later date is correct, then Indian mathematics may have benefited from contact with Greece following the invasion of Alexander. It is also likely that the two mathematical traditions developed independently.\n\nAfter the Iron Age began, the progress of Indian mathematics has been fairly continuous until the 16th century AD, but it can be divided into roughly two periods of development. This section summarizes the period between 800 BC and 200 BC, when Indian mathematics wasn't studied for the sole purpose of science, but there are still advanced mathematics scattered throughout a large body of Indian texts from this period. Many of these however, are of uncertain date and authorship, and did not follow a serious mathematical tradition.\n\nThe Yajur-Veda composed by 900 BC, first explained the concept of numeric infinity. Yajnavalkya (circa 900-800 BC) computed the value of π to 2 decimal places. The Sulba Sutras (circa 800-600 BC) were geometry texts that first used irrational numbers, prime numbers, the rule of three, cube roots, computed the square root of 2 to five decimal places, gave the method of squaring the circle, solved linear equations and quadratic equations, discovered Pythagorean triples algebraically, and gave a numerical proof of the Pythagorean theorem.\n\nThe linguist Panini formulated the grammar rules for Sanskrit in the 5th century BC. His notation was similar to modern mathematical notation, and used metarules, transformations, and recursions with such sophistication that his grammar had the computing power equivalent to a Turing machine. Panini's work is also the forerunner to modern formal language theory (precursor to computing), while the Panini-Backus form used by most modern programming languages is also significantly similar to Panini's grammar rules. Pingala (4th-3rd century BC) invented the binary number system, Fibonacci series and Pascal's triangle, and also used a dot to denote zero and described the formation of a matrix. The works of Panini and Pingala were foundational to the development of computing.\n\nFrom 200 BC, mathematicians in India began studying mathematics for the sole purpose of science, starting with Jaina mathematicians between 200 BC and AD 200. They discovered transfinite numbers, set theory, logarithms, fundamental laws of indices, cubic equations, quartic equations, sequences and progressions, permutations and combinations, squaring and extracting square roots, and finite and infinite powers. Discoveries written in the Bakshali Manuscript include solutions of linear equations with upto five unknowns, the solution of the quadratic equation, arithmetic and geometric progressions, compound series, quadratic indeterminate equations, simultaneous equations, and the use of zero and negative numbers. Accurate computations for irrational numbers could be found, which includes computing square roots of numbers as large as a million to at least 11 decimal places.\n\nAryabhata in AD 499 introduced a number of trigonometric functions and trigonometric tables, techniques and algorithms of algebra, and obtained whole number solutions to linear equations by a method equivalent to the modern method, along with astrono
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Euclid of Alexandria\nhttp://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Euclid.html\n\nSpend time with Euclid. He was a Greek mathematician, born about 300 BC. He is the man to see about plane geometry.\n\n           Pythagoras of Samos\nhttp://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pythagoras.html\n\nMeet Pythagoras. He was born about 569 BC on the island of Samos off the coast of Greece. He is known for being a mathematician, but he was really more of a philosopher.\n\n                August Ferdinand Möbius\nhttp://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk:80/~history/Mathematicians/Mobius.html\n\nGet to know August Ferdinand Möbius. He was a German mathematician who focused on analytical geometry. Introduce students to his Möbius strips. \n\n              Euclid: The Father of Geometry\nhttp://www.khsd.k12.ca.us/district/instruct/technology/workshops/euclid/default.htm\n\nPerhaps antiquity’s most prominent mathematician, Euclid of Alexandria is best known for his treatise on mathematics entitled The Elements, which arranged and perfected many geometric theorems. The beauty and symmetry of Euclid’s work was even celebrated by poet Edna St. Vincent Millay in her poem “Euclid Alone Has Looked on Beauty Bare.”\n\nHistory of Geometry\nhttp://math.rice.edu/~lanius/Geom/his.html\nRead a brief synopsis of geometry throughout history. This site describes the contributions of Egyptians, Babylonians, and Greeks. It also includes links to biographies of major contributors to geometry.
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Leonard Euler- greatest mathematician of all times\nPythagoras\nPascal\nDescartes\nFibonacci\nde Moivre
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Euclid. a Hellenistic scholar living in Egypt in the 3rd Centiry BC.\n\nHis magnum opus was Elements, which wikipaedia summarise as follows:\n\nAlthough Elements is a geometric work, it also includes results that today would be classified as number theory. The contents of the work are as follows:\n\nBooks 1 through 4 deal with plane geometry:\n\nBook 1 contains the basic properties of geometry: the Pythagorean theorem, equality of angles and areas, parallelism, the sum of the angles in a triangle, and the three cases in which triangles are "equal" (have the same area).\n\nBook 2 is commonly called the "book of geometrical algebra," because the material it contains may easily be interpreted as algebra.\n\nBook 3 deals with circles and their properties: inscribed angles, tangents, the power of a point.\n\nBook 4 is concerned with inscribing and circumscribing triangles and regular polygons.\n\nBooks 5 through 10 introduce ratios and proportions:\n\nBook 5 is a treatise on proportions of magnitudes.\n\nBook 6 applies proportions to geometry: Thales' theorem, similar figures.\n\nBook 7 deals strictly with number theory: divisibility, prime numbers, greatest common divisor, least common multiple.\n\nBook 8 deals with proportions in number theory and geometric sequences.\n\nBook 9 applies the results of the preceding two books: the infinitude of prime numbers, the sum of a geometric series, perfect numbers.\n\nBook 10 attempts to classify incommensurable (in modern language, irrational) magnitudes by using the method of exhaustion, a precursor to integration.\n\nBooks 11 through 13 deal with spatial geometry:\n\nBook 11 generalizes the results of Books 1–6 to space: perpendicularity, parallelism, volumes of parallelepipeds.\n\nBook 12 calculates areas and volumes by using the method of exhaustion: cones, pyramids, cylinders, and the sphere.\n\nBook 13 generalizes Book 4 to space: golden section, the five regular (or Platonic) solids inscribed in a sphere
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Charles Darwin\n\nIssac Newton
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It is difficult to say who was the greatest\nmathematician of all times but many believe there\nis close tie between the following  3.\n\nCarl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) \n\nLeonhard Euler (1707-1783)\n\nGeorg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866)
2016
Elbert Frank Cox (December 5, 1895–November 28, 1969) was an American mathematician who became the first black person in the world to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics. He spent most of his life as a professor at Howard University in Washington, D.C., where he was known as an excellent teacher. During his life, he overcame various difficulties which arose because of his race. In his honor, the National Association of Mathematicians established the Cox-Talbert-Address, which is annually handed out at the NAM's national meetings. The Elbert F. Cox Scholarship Fund, which is used to help black students pursue studies, is named in his honor as wel
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Apollonius was known as 'The Great Geometer'. His works had a very great influence on the development of mathematics and his famous book Conics introduced the terms parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.\nMore information on the site:\nhttp://www.gap-system.org/~history/Mathematicians/Apollonius.html
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Leo Baekeland\nSetting out to make an insulator, he invented the first true plastic and transformed the world\n1907
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Early pioneer of aviation
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Lagrange, Joseph (1736-1813)\nFrench mathematician and mathematical physicist who was the greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century. His work Mécanique Analytique (Analytical Mechanics) (1788) was a mathematical masterpiece. It contained clear, symmetrical notation and covered almost every area of pure mathematics. It was the first book of mechanics Eric Weisstein's World of Physics published without the use of a single diagram. Lagrange succeeded Euler as the director of the Berlin Academy.\n\nLagrange developed the calculus of variations Eric Weisstein's World of Math which was later expanded by Weierstraß. Lagrange also established the theory of differential equations, Eric Weisstein's World of Math and provided many new solutions and theorems in number theory, Eric Weisstein's World of Math including Wilson's theorem. Eric Weisstein's World of Math Lagrange's classic Théorie des fonctions analytiques laid some of the foundations of group theory, Eric Weisstein's World of Math anticipating Galois. Lagrange also invented the method of solvingdifferential equations Eric Weisstein's World of Math known as variation of parameters. Eric Weisstein's World of Math Lagrange commented that "I have always observed that the pretensions of all people are in exact inverse ratio to their merits; this is one of the axioms of morals" (Bell 1937, p. 160).
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None, Zero was invented by Indian Mathematician Aryabhata and later Brahmagupta developed its concept
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Look up Gauss. Story is he added up 1..100 in grade school and invented the n*(N+1)/2.
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einstein. he just sat in his chair and thought of theories. he did experiments in his mind
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Euclid of Alexandria, the ancient Greek mathematician and author of the Elements \n\nclick here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid%27s_Elements
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Aristotle, Archimedes, Galileo. Other scientists, who came before him.
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A sicily born mathematician/physicist.\n\nArchimedes (Greek: Αρχιμήδης ) (c. 287 BC–212 BC) was an ancient Sicilian mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer and philosopher born in the seaport colony of Syracuse. He is considered by some historians of mathematics to be one of the greatest mathematicians in antiquity; Carl Friedrich Gauss considered him one of the two greatest ever.\n\nWell known for proposing Archimedes principle related to relative density of object and floatation. When he found the truth about relative density.. it is said that, he ran out of the bath yelling at the top of his voice -- "Eureka, eurteka" -- meaning I found it i found it.