Does the chemical phenylalanine affect the hormone androgen in some way, whether directly or indirectly?
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The alpha-amino acid Phenylalanine exists in two forms, the D- and L- forms, which are enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) of each other. It has a benzyl side chain. Its name comes from its chemical structure's consisting of a phenyl group substituted for one of the hydrogens in the side chain of alanine. Because of its phenyl group, phenylalanine is an aromatic compound. At room temperature, it is a white, powdery solid.\nL-Phenylalanine (LPA) is an electrically-neutral amino acid, one of the twenty common amino acids used to biochemically form proteins, coded for by DNA. Its enantiomer, D-phenylalanine (DPA), can be synthesized artificially.\n\nL-phenylalanine is used in living organisms, including the human body, where it is an essential amino acid. L-phenylalanine can also be converted into L-tyrosine, another one of the twenty protein-forming amino acids. L-tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA, which is further converted into dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (latter three are known as the catecholamines). D-phenylalanine can be converted only into phenylethylamine.\n\nThe genetic disorder phenylketonuria is an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Individuals with this disorder are known as "phenylketonurics", and must abstain from consumption of phenylalanine. It is present in many sugarless gums and other food products, which are labeled: "Phenylketonurics: Contains phenylalanine."\n\nThe synthesized mix DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA), which is a combination of the D- and L- forms, is used as a nutritional supplement.\n\nThe genetic codon for phenylalanine was the first to be discovered. Marshall W. Nirenberg discovered that, when he inserted m-RNA made up of multiple uracil repeats into E. coli, the bacterium produced a new protein, made up solely of repeated phenylalanine amino acids.\n\nPhenylalanine uses the same active transport channel as tryptophan to cross the blood-brain barrier, and, in large quantities, interferes with the production of serotonin.
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Aspartame is an ester of methanol and the aspartic acid/phenylalanine peptide. In your body, the ester is hydrolyzed to phenylalanine and methanol. Phenylalanine is an amino acid.\n\nPhenylketonuria is a genetic disorder that makes it impossible for these people to metabolize phenylalanine. So their bodies store it, particularly in the brain. It causes mental problems and can produce profound retardation in children.\n\nFortunately, it is also a genetic test that is performed at birth. Once it is known that a child has this disease, their diet can be restricted to prevent any problems.
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The prostate, like the breast and ovaries, is sensitive to hormonal regulation.  While a prior respondant was probably correct in indicating that all cells get cancer with similar regularity, the answer is also misleading in that "cancer" the disease is different from "cancer" the microscopically proliferating cell-group.  \n\nYour body has quite a few methods for dealing with cancers.  Intestines, for example, do divide often - and concequentially mutate frequently - but they also constantly being sloughed off by the body.  The prostate, on the other hand, divides more slowly, but is subject to increased growth and division based on the influence of outside hormones.  If your hormones get out of wack, or if the hormone receptors on your sensitive tissues mutate, then you're a likely subject of cancer the disease.
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It's the least reactive. It's non-polar. It's pKa is simply the average of the N and C terminus. It's also Ambivalent, meaning it can be inside and outside a protein. Because of these properties, if it was replaced with a polar AA, it would change the protein property, and in 99% of time, change in AA is deleterious.
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It is not a chemical answer.  It is Biological Chemistry, or the chemistry of a living creature.  It is caused by a surge of adrenaline released by the Pituitary Gland in your brain.
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There are a variety of supplements to testosterone such as a monthly injection and a cream (called androgel).  The reprocussions of andropause other than the lack of sex drive is muscle wasting, shrinkage of the testicles, and demineralization of the bone.  \n\nTalk to your primary care provider regarding this issue for more answers.
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The use of anabolic steroids among athletes has been widely discussed in the press and the medical literature. Sports organizations generally condemn steroid use in the interest of fair competition, while sports physicians often focus on the dangerous side effects and health risks. Anabolic steroids or their breakdown products have been detected in athletes for many years, and black-market steroids are distributed to athletes at all levels of competition. This brief review describes how and why these agents are used by athletes, their effects on body size and athletic performance, and their known side effects.\n\nMisuse of anabolic steroids, growth hormone and other ergogenic aids is a complex problem. General solutions include education and motivation of athletes to avoid these drugs, state and federal regulations to limit their production and distribution, and unannounced drug testing of competitors.\n\nDefinition of Anabolic Steroids\n\nAnabolic steroids are more precisely characterized as anabolic-androgenic steroids. They include testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and all chemically altered derivatives of testosterone that have anabolic (tissue-building) and androgenic (masculinizing) properties. Synthetic anabolic steroids have greater anabolic activity than androgenic activity when compared with testosterone; in large quantities, however, the synthetic steroids also have strong androgenic effects. Anabolic steroids have medical indications in the treatment of refractory anemias, hereditary angioedema, certain breast cancers, hypogonadism and starvation states.\n\nAthletes use anabolic steroids in the belief that these drugs increase body mass, muscle tissue, strength and aggressiveness. Testosterone and the synthetic anabolic steroids combine with an androgen receptor in skeletal muscles and other organs. This steroid/receptor complex stimulates production of RNA/DNA, which in turn leads to increased protein synthesis (Table 2). In muscle, increased amounts of actin and myosin are produced under the influence of anabolic steroids. These force-producing contractile proteins result in increased strength. Anabolic steroids have more dramatic effects on nitrogen retention and muscular development in females, in boys and in men who have been castrated or are otherwise deficient in natural androgens. Anabolic steroids may also exert positive effects on the growth of skeletal muscle by antagonizing protein breakdown. \n\nIn addition, anabolic steroids may produce an effect that is regulated through the central nervous system. Athletes commonly say that they are far more aggressive, experience less fatigue and recover more quickly from weight-training workouts when they are using steroids. Since minimal increments in muscular performance or psychologic benefit may constitute the difference between winning and losing, athletes may perceive these small, difficult-to-measure changes as crucial to their overall performance. Athletes often feel that they can perform weight-training workouts at a higher intensity and for longer periods under the influence of anabolic steroids. The more intensive training program leads to increased muscle mass development and improvement in strength and power. However, little or no scientific evidence supports this notion.\n\nIn athletes who do not use steroids, a strength stimulus (lifting) and an adequate diet will result in increased passage of amino acids into muscle cells and a subsequent increase in protein synthesis. Strength training without steroids will increase the number of steroid receptor sites in muscle. Strength-training programs, especially when combined with anabolic steroid use, cause not only an increase in steroid receptor sites but also saturation of these receptor sites. This results in increased protein synthesis and prevention of protein breakdown.\n\nTo date, most studies that have shown significant gains in muscle mass and strength with steroids have utilized the fo
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Ha  ha.  That is funny.  Sorry honey - it is hormones and hormones alone that control those things.
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BTW it Kellmann's Syndrom it Decreased functioning of the sex hormone-producing glands caused by a deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is created by the hypothalamus.
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Check out my hubby's database; it could help you out!\n\nfrom:\nhttp://ca.askmen.com/love/love_tip_200/232b_love_tip.html\nhttp://www.jackinworld.com/qa/qasem.html\n\nA lot of guys would love it if they could make like one of the characters in Scary Movie and ejaculate so much that they plaster their girlfriends against the ceiling. And although that won't likely be happening anytime soon, it's believed that wheat germ increases seminal output. Bon appétit.\n(Butter's note: I only tried it once and it thickened my load like I've rarely seen before. Eat with oatmeal for better results)\n\nAmino acids, if taken regularly, are generally believed to increase ejaculate fluid. On the other hand, zinc seems to improve both the amount of sperm produced as well as the sperm's ability to move spontaneously and independently. Together with amino acids, this will increase normal sperm count and volume significantly. \nAmino acids are believed to increase ejaculate fluid (not the amount of actual sperm necessarily) if taken regularly. Some amino acids include:\n\nL-ARGININE HCL\nStudies show sperm and semen volume doubles, fertility improves (even among men with low sperm counts or poor sperm motility), and sperm health and activity increase with supplementation. Arginine is found in high concentrations in nuts and seeds like peanuts and almonds. It can also be found in chocolate and raisins. Some Natural Sources: Nuts, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, chocolate, popcorn, raisins, brown rice, carob, gelatin desserts, oatmeal, whole wheat bread, and protein rich foods. \n\nL-LYSINE\nResearchers find that this amino acids plus zinc increases sperm produced, stimulates testosterone production, and improves semen quality.\n\nEPIMEDIUM SAGITTATUM\nSometimes called "horny goat weed," this botanical boosts libido and testosterone levels for greater sperm production for a strong ejaculation.\n\nZINC OXIDE\nHas been shown to increase number of sperm and sperm motility by 80% to 200% by aiding testosterone synthesis.\n\nL-CARNITINE\nThis amino acid is found in high concentrations in healthy sperm. Proven to significantly increase the percentage of highly motile sperm.\n\nCATUABA BARK\nBrazilian herb that strengthens the libido, and nourishes the entire male reproductive system.\n\nPUMPKIN SEED\nSupports prostate health and hormonal production. While they may not readily increase sperm volume, they do enhance prostate health and testosterone production.\n \nMACA\nLegendary South American botanical proven to promote libido, potency and energy.\n\nGinseng Y\nohimbe bark\nVitamin C, E\nMagnesium\n(Butter's note: Lecithin added daily increases amount, not thickness)\n\nZinc has been shown to improve both the amount of sperm you produce and the sperm's ability to move spontaneously and independently. Coupled with amino acids (see above), this will increase sperm volume significantly.\n(Butter's note: Not as miraculous as they make it sound, but regular zinc intake (50mgs a day) does increase quantity somewhat.)\n\nWhatever a pill company's claims are, you can probably do just as well with zinc and lecithin supplements. (Use zinc supplements in moderation; too much zinc intake can be dangerous.) For some guys, these nutrients do have a noticeable effect on ejaculation volume, and they're a lot cheaper and easier to get. In general, stay away from mail-order pills sold by less-than-reputable companies; you really don't know what's in them, and their claims are almost always untrue or at least greatly exaggerated.\n\nPC Exercises:\nWhile Kegel exercises can help you last longer, they can also aid in increasing sperm volume. There are a host of exercises you can do to keep your penis in great shape and shoot like a champion. \n(Butter's note: PC muscle exercises have proven to help reduce prostate troubles in advancing age, but I have yet to see improvements in my ejaculate's volume through
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Philippe Verbiest, the lawyer for cycling's world governing body, confirmed Tuesday that a carbon isotope ratio test, which detects a subtle chemical difference between the natural and synthetic versions of testosterone, was done. The New York Times has reported the test detected the man-made hormone, but Verbiest refused to give any details of the result. \n\nThe test focuses on carbon atoms in testosterone molecules. These atoms come in different types, called isotopes. The ratio of one particular isotope to another isotope is different in synthetic versus natural testosterone. The test detects that difference. \n\nWhen the lab procedure is performed correctly it is very accurate, said Dr. Don Catlin, the director of the UCLA Olympic doping lab. He helped develop the test. Dr. Gary Wadler, an internist and author with expertise in the area of drug use by athletes, said he's not aware of anything other than synthetic testosterone that will produce a positive test result. \n\nWhen athletes take synthetic testosterone to boost performance, it typically helps them get stronger, recover faster from workouts, prevent tissue breakdown and increase their assertiveness, said Wadler, a member of the World Anti-Doping Agency who stressed he was not speaking for that group. \nVR
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There are two major neurochemicals, known today), that might qualify as "chemicals of love".\nThey are phenthyl amine  (pea), and oxytosin\nOxytosin definitely enhances bonding, love, & affection \nSynthetic oxytosin cannot be taken orally as it is an oligopeptide. (in plain language, a small protein), made up of of 9 amino acids.\nTheacid in the stomach will destroy it before it is absorbed into the bloodstream. Also, pepidase enzymes, (Break down catalysts of proteins), that would chew it up in the intestines.\nBut extra oxytosin can be induced by touch, (including massage), cuddling and for females, handling or seeing a baby., etc.\nDan the Answers-Man.
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No, I have found out in subsequent years that very nice people I know with families were really gay and they became happy only when they admitted they were gay. It was a shock to me, but they were the same nice people they always were, they were just born gay and tried to be like everyone else. Their brains are different.\n\nFor Gay Men, an Attraction to a\nDifferent Kind of Scent\n\nby Nicholas Wade\nPublished May 10, 2005, NYTimes.com\n\n\nUsing a brain imaging technique, Swedish researchers have shown that homosexual and heterosexual men respond differently to two odors that may be involved in sexual arousal, and that the gay men respond in the same way as women.\n\nThe new research may open the way to studying human pheromones, as well as the biological basis of sexual preference. Pheromones, chemicals emitted by one individual to evoke some behavior in another of the same species, are known to govern sexual activity in animals, but experts differ as to what role, if any, they play in making humans sexually attractive to one another.\n\nThe new research, which supports the existence of human pheromones, is reported in today's issue of The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Dr. Ivanka Savic and colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.\n\nThe two chemicals in the study were a testosterone derivative produced in men's sweat and an estrogen-like compound in women's urine, both of which have long been suspected of being pheromones.\n\nMost odors cause specific smell-related regions of the human brain to light up when visualized by a form of brain imaging that tracks blood flow in the brain and therefore, by inference, sites where neurons are active. Several years ago, Dr. Savic and colleagues showed that the two chemicals activated the brain in a quite different way from ordinary scents.\n\nThe estrogen-like compound, though it activated the usual smell-related regions in women, lighted up the hypothalamus in men. This is a region in the central base of the brain that governs sexual behavior and, through its control of the pituitary gland lying just beneath it, the hormonal state of the body.\n\nThe male sweat chemical, on the other hand, did just the opposite; it activated mostly the hypothalamus in women and the smell-related regions in men. The two chemicals seemed to be leading a double life, playing the role of odor with one sex and of pheromone with another.\n\nThe Swedish researchers have now repeated the experiment but with the addition of gay men as a third group. The gay men responded to the two chemicals in the same way as did women, Dr. Savic reports, as if the hypothalamus's response is determined not by biological sex but by the owner's sexual orientation.\n\nDr. Savic said that she had also studied gay women, but that the data were "somewhat complicated" and not yet ready for publication.\n\nThe finding is similar to a report in 1991 by Dr. Simon LeVay that a small region of the hypothalamus is twice as large in straight men as in women or gay men. The brain scanning technique used by the Swedish researchers lacks the resolution to see the region studied by Dr. LeVay, which is a mere millimeter or so across. But both findings suggest that the hypothalamus is organized in a way related to sexual orientation.\n\nThe new finding, if confirmed, would break ground in two important directions, those of human pheromones and human sexuality.\n\nMice are known to influence each other's sexual behavior through emission of chemicals that act like hormones on the recipient's brain and so are known as pheromones. Hopes by the fragrance industry, among others, of finding human pheromones were dashed several years ago when it emerged that a tiny structure in the nose through which mice detect many pheromones, the vomeronasal organ, is largely inactive in humans, having lost its nervous connection with the brain.\n\nResearchers interpreted that to mean that humans
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No, there is no growth hormone involved.  Here are the contents.  Semen contains small amounts of more than thirty elements, including fructose, ascorbic acid, cholesterol, creatine, citric acid, lactic acid, nitrogen, vitamin B12, and various salts and enzymes. The sperm make up only about 5% of ejaculate. This represents about 100 to 400 million of them!  The rest of the ejaculate, which is about a teaspoonful, is made up of water, sugar, protein, vitamin C, zinc, and prostaglandins. Semen or seminal fluid is the mixture of sperm and the secretions of the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands. \n\nI think you need some anatomy lessons.  These sites will help:http://www.coolnurse.com/sperm_cell.htm\nhttp://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/changing_body/male_repro.html
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Have a look here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone Basically, testosterone has an effect on all parts of the male body and brain.
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No, not to my knowledge.\n\nI know that when female-to-male transsexuals take testosterone without having their female genitalia and internal parts (ovaries, uterus, etc.), they have a higher risk of getting cervical or other types of cancer.\n\nAs for men transitioning to women, though, I can't imagine that it is; I haven't heard of it, at least.
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Phenylalanine is a hidden danger to anyone consuming aspartame. Most consumers don't know that too much Phenylalanine is a neurotoxin and excites the neurons in the brain to the point of cellular death. \n\nADD/ADHD, emotional and behavioral disorders can all be triggered by too much Phenylalanine in the daily diet. If you are one in ten thousand people who are PKU or carry the PKU gene, Phenylalanine can cause irreversible brain damage and death, especially when used in high quantities or during pregnancy. Phenylalanine is 50% of aspartame, and to the degree humans consume diet products, Phenylalanine levels are reaching a dangerous peak.\n\nIt is important to learn about the ingredients within your foods, especially isolated amino acids like Phenylalanine. They are in combination within nature for a reason - they don't belong in isolated form for the healthy human diet.