what are the shapes and functions of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA?
93102
the functions are:\nmRNA: Carries information and goest to ribosomes\ntRNA: Goes to the cytoplassm and picks up the amino acids\nrRNA: Makes the ribosomes
890303
Yup, Ribosomes. Ribosome is an organelle in cells that assembles proteins. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins . It translates messenger RNA (mRNA) into a polypeptide chain It can be thought of as a factory that builds a protein from a set of genetic instructions. Ribosomes can float freely in the cytoplasm  or bind to the endoplasmic reticulum, or to the nuclear envelope.
173345
a) The mRNA replaces thymine with Uracil (T for U)\nCTCCTCAGGAGTCAGCGTGCAACA becomes.... in mRNA\nGAGGAGUCCUCAGUCGCACGUUGU\n\nb) This would code for the amino acid MET GLY GLU LEU GLU GLU LEU LEU \nsepearte the mRNA into several part codons of three necleutides long and look up what they translate to\n\nc) The new one would could forMET GLY GLU STOP  \n\nd) The proteins in b and d are different because the latter is much shorter
612766
RNA is short hand for Ribonucleic Acid. RNA has a similar structural appearance to DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). You can read about the chemical structure at the site referenced below.\n\nRNA crops up in several different cell locales from the nucleus to the ribosomes and appears to serve in a variety of cell roles. The basic function most often noted is that of a messenger or transfer template upon which proteins are built. The information for this construction comes from the DNA which unzips long enough for these RNA templates to be formed.\n\nThe less noted ribosomal RNA may well be more important in that the ribosomes are protein factories.  And protein manufacturing is kind of where it is at.  It just that text book writers have to draw the line somewhere on how much information about how many cell types is going to be discussed.  If we are talking the brain cells for instance there is some evidence to suggest RNA might well play a part in memory formation.  \n\nThis is seriously cooked down discussion of a key chemical player in cellular dance of life. If you take up where your book left off I suggest a visit to your local library. The subject area you want is biochemistry or molecular biology.  For the latest info your next step would be to hit the stacks in your local university library to review the science journals.  Citation index is big help here.
277107
Codon is a unit in messenger RNA consisting of a set of three consecutive nucleotides, which specifies a particular amino acid in protein synthesis. They are also called triplet.
180495
hiya, if you mean how does it happen here goes:\nDNA from the nucleus is transcribed to form messenger RNA (mRNA) which then carries the information from the DNA out of the nucleus to the ribosomes which are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum its here that the proteins are synthesised. Not all of the DNA actually codes for proteins and the code that is carried on the mRNA contains special sequences that control the start and stop of the protein synthesis these are called start and stop codons, a codon just being a set of 3 bases which code for something, in the case of proteins a specific amino acid. The ribsome will then read the series of codons that is between the start codon (AUG) and the stop codon (UAG, UUA etc) each codon has a corresponding tranfer RNA (tRNA) which brings in a specific amino acid. As the tRNA interacts with the mRNA the amino acids join with peptide bonds to form the long chain protein, this continues until the entire frame of the mRNA sequence is read and the protein is fully synthesised.\nHope this more or less answers your question :>
10875
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell. mRNA runs through several steps during its usually brief existence: During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase makes a copy of a gene from the DNA to mRNA as needed. In prokaryotes, no further processing of mRNA occurs (except in rare cases), and often translation of the mRNA into protein occurs even while transcription is going on. In eukaryotes, transcription and translation occur in different parts of the cell (transcription in the nucleus, where DNA is kept, and translation in the cytoplasm, where ribosomes reside). Also in eukaryotes, mRNA undergoes several processing steps before it is ready to be translated:\n\nThe addition of a 5' cap. A modified guanine nucleotide is added to the "front" of the message. This is critical for recognition and proper attachment of the ribosome. \nsplicing - The pre-mRNA (unprocessed or partially-processed messenger RNA is called "pre-mRNA" or "hnRNA" for heterogeneous nuclear RNA) is modified to remove certain stretches of non-coding sequences called introns; the stretches that remain include protein-coding sequences and are called exons. Sometimes one pre-mRNA message may be spliced in several different ways, allowing a single gene to encode multiple proteins. This process is called alternative splicing. Most RNA splicing is performed by enzymes, but some RNA molecules are also capable of catalyzing their own splicing (see ribozymes). \npolyadenylation - A sequence (often several hundred) of adenine nucleotides is added to the 3' end of the pre-mRNA through the action of an enzyme, polyA polymerase (this modification does not occur in prokaryotic mRNA). The polyadenylated tail is added on to the transcripts that contain a specific sequence, the AAUAAA signal. The importance of the AAUAAA signal is demonstrated by a mutation in the coding DNA sequence (AATAAA) which can lead to some hemoglobin deficiencies (see Higgins et al. Nature. 1983 Nov 24-30;306(5941):398-400) \nPolyadenylation helps increase the half-life of the transcript, so that the transcript lasts longer in the cell and consequently is translated more and produces more protein.\n\nAfter the mRNA has been processed, it is exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into protein. After a certain amount of time the message degrades into its component nucleotides, usually with the assistance of RNases.\n\nMessenger RNA that has been processed and is ready for translation is called a "mature transcript" or "mature mRNA" or sometimes simply "mRNA".\n\n--\nI think you should start Voting for the answers now.
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In translation, the ribosomes attach to the mRNA to create or synthesize polypeptides or proteins.  The ribosome attaches to a signal recognition particle (srp) which attaches to the ER at the translocation complex. This is your binding site. The srp then leaves and the polypeptide continues growing through the translocation complex into the ER until the process is complete. The ribosome then detaches releasing the mRNA. \n\nHope this helps. -r
259972
DNA->RNA->Polypeptide->Protein
157202
tRNA are called transferRNA. Their job is to match the codons at the site of DNA translation (ribosomes) with their anti-codon on one side and on the other side of tRNA is the Amino Acid that the codon codes for.
882950
Transcription is the process of creating an RNA copy of one's DNA or mRNA.  RNA polymerase is responsible for this process.  This process is very important because mRNA is then used in "translation" to form proteins by means of a Ribosome.  \n\nYou need a TATA box for transcription.  There are three types of RNA polymerase: types 1, 2 and 3.  Type 3 RNA Polymerase typically are the ones with the TATA boxes.\n\nTake a look at this website to watch how RNA polymerase synthesizes a new mRNA through transcription:\nhttp://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/transcription/complete.html\n\nHave fun!
800200
Protein synthesis is not the simplest process, but I will try to keep this answer as simple as possible.  Here I present a highly simplified reduction of the process of protein synthesis.\n\nmRNA made in the nucleus of a cell is transported to the cytoplasm of a cell.  When mRNA is in the cytoplasm the ribosome assembles around it.  The ribosome is composed of two subunits, a small ribosomal subunit and a large ribosomal subunit.  Each of the subunits is composed of rRNA and proteins.  The two ribosomal subunits will bind to the ribosome binding site (rbs) of the mRNA.  The rbs is located prior to the open reading frame of the ribosome. When the ribosome binds to the mRNA the ribosome begins to move down the mRNA.  \n\nDuring this time tRNA is binding to the mRNA as well.  tRNA simply carries the amino acid that will compose the protein to the mRNA so that the amino acids of the protein can become bound to one another.  \n\nSo as the ribosome moves down the mRNA it will encounter tRNA.  However, the tRNA's amino acids will not be bound together until the ribosome reads a mRNA sequeunce that indicates an open reading frame is present. An open reading frame is the sequence of mRNA that is translated into protein sequence.  So once an open readin frame is indicated to be present the ribosome moves down the mRNA until it reaches the start codon.  Protein synthesis begins at hte start codon.  At the start codon the tRNA specifying methionine is present.  Methionine will be the first amino acid in any protein because the methionine codon is also the start codon.  So the methionine tRNA will move into the A site.  At this site the ribosome will ensure that the correct tRNA is bound to mRNA.  If the correct tRNA is bound then the ribosome A site moves onto the next codon and the tRNA just found to be correct will move into the P-site, in this case the methionine tRNA will move into the P-site.  The tRNA that just moved into the A-site will now be checked to see if it is the correct tRNA.  When the tRNA is found to be correct then the amino acid on the tRNA in the p-site will form a peptide bond with the amino acid on the tRNA from the a-site. The amino acid chain is connected to the tRNA in the a-site as the amino acid that was connected to the p-site tRNA becomes disconnected as it forms a peptide bond with the a-site tRNA's amino acid. Then the ribosome moves down the mRNA again.  The tRNA from the p-site moves to the e-site and it is allowed to exit the ribosome.  The p-site and a-site perform the same function as before and the peptide chain will get longer until the ribosome reaches a stop codon.  Once the ribosome reaches a stop codon the peptide chain will no longer increase in size.  The ribosome will then move until it finds another start codon or until the mRNA sequence indicates that it should dissociate.
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For DNA and RNA:\nhttp://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=63\n\nOn fats:\nhttp://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/Courses/ns421/Fats.html\n\nBy the way, DNA is a nucleic acid, but so is RNA\nDNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose\nDNA has adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine bases, while RNA has adenine, URACIL, guanine and cytosine.\nDNA is the "blueprint" and stays in the nucleus\nRNA has 3 types, messenger, transfer, and ribosomal\n\nHope this helps!!!
317802
DNA and RNA\n\nFor example:\nBacteriophages contain DNA\nRetroviruses use RNA instead
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Messenger RNA is RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome. Once mRNA has been transcribed from DNA, it is exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm (in eukaryotes mRNA is "processed" before being exported), where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into protein.\n\nTransfer RNA is a small RNA chain that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at a ribosome site of protein synthesis. It has sites for amino-acid attachment.\n\nI hope this helps.
17613
Through a process called translation in which the information contained in nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) are converted into a protein sequence. This process is done on piece of cellular machinery called the ribosome.
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The function of DNA is to allow an organism or cell to synthesize proteins and to pass that cell's/organism's characteristic to future generations of both cells (mitosis) and offspring (meiosis) \n\nIn protein synthesis, the vast DNA base pair sequence contains the blueprints for every protein produced by the body.  Through transcription of certain genes by RNA polymerase a strand of mRNA is produced.  This mRNA then exits the nucleus and enters the ribosome.  There, with the help of tRNA, the ribosome "reads" the mRNA and constructs a chain of amino acids until a complete protein is produced.  \n\nIn order to make sure future cells have the exact genetic makeup of parent cells, DNA Polymerase unzips the double helix and makes an identical copy of the entire DNA sequence.  During mitosis, these identical chromatids separate, and the cell divides into two daughter cells with identical DNA.