how rstp is better than stp?
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RSTP was created to decrease this recovery time. When a switch is running RSTP, a port can change from blocking to forwarding more quickly than when the switch is running STP. This decrease in transition time makes it possible for RSTP to recover more quickly from failures in the network.
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It is possible to mix PVST and MST (RSTP requires MST), but it needs some planning, and it can be fragile, as you have discovered. You would probably be better off using the same STP version across all your switches. You could change the STP on the Cisco switches to match the rest of the switches.
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Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a Layer 2 protocol that runs on bridges and switches. The specification for STP is IEEE 802.1D. The main purpose of STP is to ensure that you do not create loops when you have redundant paths in your network. Loops are deadly to a network.
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While even unshielded UTP cables reduce some EMI, shielded STP cables more effectively block interference. Shielded Cat5 and Cat6 cables are augmented with a thin foil that serves to block EMI. ... UTP, on the other hand, actually provides faster transmissions in the absence of EMI.
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Per-VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST+)—PVST+ is a Cisco enhancement of STP that provides a separate 802.1D spanning-tree instance for each VLAN configured in the network. ... Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)—MSTP, defined in IEEE 802.1s, maps multiple VLANs into the same spanning-tree instance.
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SFTP will almost always be significantly slower than FTP or FTPS (usually by several orders of magnitude). ... Encryption will slow FTP down, but not nearly to the level of SFTP. SFTP runs over SSH2 and is much more susceptible to network latency and client and server machine resource constraints.
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Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for a bridged Local Area Network (LAN). ... MSTP configures a separate spanning tree for each VLAN group and blocks all but one possible alternate path within each spanning tree.
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Easy way to transfer files between Ubuntu systems is by using scp and sftp. The SSH File Transfer Protocol or SFTP is a network protocol that provides file transfer and manipulation functionality over any reliable data stream.
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TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, whereas UDP is a connectionless protocol. The speed for TCP is slower while the speed of UDP is faster. TCP uses handshake protocol like SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK while UDP uses no handshake protocols.
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For that reason alone, PTP networks have much sharper time resolutions, and unlike NTP, PTP devices will actually timestamp the amount of time that synchronization messages spend in each device, which accounts for device latency.
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UDP. Faster Speed – UDP VPN service offers significantly greater speeds than TCP. For this reason it is the preferred protocol when streaming HD videos or downloading torrents/p2p . Preferred – UDP VPN tunnels are the preferred OpenVPN connection method if your network supports it.
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This is a big deal, because UDP doesn't suffer from TCP's enforcement of its congestion-avoidance algorithm, so RDP 8 can push more data across the wire in a selected chunk of time via UDP (e.g. 2x to 8x more compared to TCP transport only), even over high latency links.
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Most experts say that security is the same for both, given that SSH is used by both. Both offer the ability to transfer files, and SCP does so faster than SFTP for high latency networks, as it doesn't authenticate every packet, using its own transfer algorithm. The only real pro for SCP – the speed of transfer.
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Anything under 50ms is more than acceptable. Ideally, you'll have a connection speed greater than 1.5-megabits/second. If using raw RDP, setting a lower color depth and resolution will help.
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The full form of ARP is Address Resolution Protocol whereas, the full form of RARP is Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. ARP protocol retrieves the physical address of the receiver. On the other hand, the RARP protocol retrieves logical (IP) address of the protocol.
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Speed – SCP is usually much faster than SFTP at transferring files, especially on high latency networks. This happens because SCP implements a more efficient transfer algorithm, one which does not require waiting for packet acknowledgement, unlike SFTP.
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UDP. Faster Speed – UDP VPN service offers significantly greater speeds than TCP. For this reason it is the preferred protocol when streaming HD videos or downloading torrents/p2p . ... Lower Reliability – On rare occasions UDP can be less reliable that TCP VPN connections as UDP does not guarantee the delivery of packets.