are homologs produced by speciation?
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{Orthologs are homologs produced by speciation.} When speciation follows duplication and one homolog sorts with one species and the other copy the other species, subsequent divergence of the duplicated sequence is associated with one or the other species. Such species specific homologs are termed orthologous.
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Homologous and non-homologous chromosomes are the two types of chromosomes found in the genome. Homologous chromosomes pair during meiosis. The homologous pair consists of alleles of the same genes in the same loci in both chromosomes. But, non-homologous chromosomes consist of alleles of different genes.
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Following are some examples of homology: The arm of a human, the wing of a bird or a bat, the leg of a dog and the flipper of a dolphin or whale are homologous structures. They are different and have a different purpose, but they are similar and share common traits.
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Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication. ... Sister chromatids are only formed during mitosis. Homologous chromosomes are formed during meiosis.
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One of these is natural selection, which is a process that increases the frequency of advantageous gene variants, called alleles, in a population. Natural selection can result in organisms that are more likely to survive and reproduce and may eventually lead to speciation.
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How might mutation-order speciation arise? Sexual selection might cause mutation-order speciation if reproductive isolation evolves by the fixation of alternative advantageous mutations — for example those which increase individual attractiveness — in different populations living in similar ecological environments.
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Homologous chromosomes have alleles on the same genes located in the same loci. Heterologous chromosomes have alleles on different genes.
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One chromosome of each homologous pair comes from the mother (called a maternal chromosome) and one comes from the father (paternal chromsosome). Homologous chromosomes are similiar but not identical. Each carries the same genes in the same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same.
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Orthologs are genes in different species evolved from a common ancestral gene. Paralogs are gene copies created by a duplication event within the same genome.
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Metaphase I in Meiosis The homologous pair is a representation of the same DNA but has different alleles. The homologous pairs will attach to each other during metaphase I and they undergo the alignment on the metaphase plate, unlike in mitosis where the sister chromatids are the ones that align on the metaphase plate.
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Summary. Multiple types of evidence support the theory of evolution: Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features).
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Homologous recombination is the process by which two chromosomes, paired up during prophase 1 of meiosis, exchange some distal portion of their DNA. Crossover occurs when two chromosomes, normally two homologous instances of the same chromosome, break and then reconnect but to the different end piece.
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The main difference between homologous and non-homologous chromosomes is that homologous chromosomes consist of alleles of the same type of genes in the same loci whereas non-homologous chromosomes consist of alleles of different types of genes.
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Prior to meiosis, homologous chromosomes replicate to form sister chromatids. In prophase I, the first stage of meiosis, sister chromatids pair up to form a tetrad. While in close proximity, homologous chromosomes exchange sections of DNA randomly in a process called crossing over.
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Answer Expert Verified Two alignments are possible for independent assortment during meiosis.
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Evidence for evolution is provided by homologous structures. These are structures shared by related organisms that were inherited from a common ancestor. Other evidence is provided by analogous structures. These are structures that unrelated organisms share because they evolved for the same function.
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If there is inbreeding (F > 0), then the genotype frequencies change in successive generations and homozygosity increases. But the allele frequencies do NOT change (inbreeding by itself does not cause evolution)