how much energy does it take to raise 1 degree of water?
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The specific heat capacity of water is 4,200 Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C). This means that it takes 4,200 J to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C. Lead will warm up and cool down fastest because it doesn't take much energy to change its temperature.
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The specific heat capacity of a material is the energy required to raise one kilogram (kg) of the material by one degree Celsius (°C). The specific heat capacity of water is 4,200 joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/kg°C).
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1 POUND OF WATER requires 970.4 btu's added to water already at 212 degrees to convert to 212 degree steam (at atmospheric pressure, or 14.7 lbs. absolute). ...and when converted to steam will occupy 27 cubic feet at atmospheric pressure, 4.43 cubic feet at 100 lbs.
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The energy required to change water from a liquid to a solid is 333.7 kJ/kg while the energy required to boil water is 2257 kJ/kg.
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You have all heard of the BTU of heat energy (British Thermal Unit), it takes one BTU to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. So if the water in the pan on the stove is put in at 32°F, it will then require 180 BTU's to bring the water to boiling temperature, or 212°F.
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Scientifically, 1 kilocalorie (1000 calories or 1 kcal) means the energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1°C.
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One liter of water is about 1 Kg or 1000g, giving Q = m x (delta T) x Specific heat of water = 1000g x 80C x 1 cal/g C= 80,000 cal or 80 Kcals. Technically, 80 kcals that is the amount of heat needed to get the liquid water to 100C and anything extra would go into vaporizing the water into steam.
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Again, heating of 1 litre of water from 20oC 100oC need 330kJ (0.091kWh) of heat. All these method provide the this amount of heat to water. If you look the kettle which will have about 90% effciency, require 0.183kWh of electricty.
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The heat of vaporization of water is 540 calories per gram, which means that an additional 540 calories of energy are required, once the water is heated to the boiling temperature (100 degrees Celcius at sea level), to transform 1 gram of liquid water to vapor.
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The standard enthalpy of formation of water is -286kJ/mol. Which means 286kJ of energy is produced when oxygen gas and hydrogen gas reacted to form 1 mole of water. This also means that we need 286 kJ to break water and form H2 and O2. 1kWh = 3600 kJ.
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One BTU is the amount of heat energy required to raise one pound of water by 1ºF. Water weighs 8.33 pounds per gallon so we can calculate that one gallon of water requires 8.33 BTU to raise the temperature 1ºF.
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The energy released when steam condenses to water is in the range 2000 - 2250 kJ/kg (depending on the pressure) - compared to water with 80 - 120 kJ/kg (with temperature difference 20 - 30 oC).
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So here we go… A British Thermal Unit (BTU) is a measurement of heat energy. One BTU is the amount of heat energy required to raise one pound of water by 1ºF. Water weighs 8.33 pounds per gallon so we can calculate that one gallon of water requires 8.33 BTU to raise the temperature 1ºF.
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For water at its normal freezing point of 0 ºC, the specific heat of Fusion is 334 J g-1. This means that to convert 1 g of ice at 0 ºC to 1 g of water at 0 ºC, 334 J of heat must be absorbed by the water.
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The specific heat represents the amount of energy required to raise 1 kg of substance by 1oC (or 1 K), and can be thought of as the ability to absorb heat. The SI units of specific heats are J/kgK (kJ/kgoC). Water has a large specific heat of 4.19 kJ/kgoC compared to many other fluids and materials.
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The energy required to raise a mass of 1 centigrade (K or ºC), is: specific massic heat of the substance, multiplied by its mass and 1 centigrade.
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1 liter of water has a mass of 1 kg. If the water starts off at 100 degrees C, then the energy required to evaporate it would be 540,000 calories or 2.3 x 10^6 Joules.