what is the difference between polar and nonpolar compounds?
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Polar molecules occur when there is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms. Nonpolar molecules occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other out.
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In general, polar substances will dissolve other polar substances, while nonpolar materials will dissolve other nonpolar materials. The greater the difference in molecular structure (and hence in intermolecular attractions), the lower the mutual solubility.
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A polar molecule results from an unequal/unsymmetrical sharing of valence electrons. While there may be unequal sharing of electrons in the individual bonds, in a nonpolar molecule like BF3 these bonds are evenly distributed and cancel out. There is no net dipole and the BF3 is non-polar.
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Polarity is due to electronegativity difference between the atoms whereas in case of ions atoms carry negative and positive charges. In case of polar molecules atoms are joined together by mutual sharing of electrons whereas in case of ionic compounds complete transference of electrons takes place.
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Polar molecules (with +/- charges) are attracted to water molecules and are hydrophilic. Nonpolar molecules are repelled by water and do not dissolve in water; are hydrophobic.
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For example, ionic compounds, which are very polar, are often soluble in the polar solvent water. Nonpolar substances are likely to dissolve in nonpolar solvents. For example, nonpolar molecular substances are likely to dissolve in hexane, a common nonpolar solvent.
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Although there are no hard and fast rules, the general rule is if the difference in electronegativities is less than about 0.4, the bond is considered nonpolar; if the difference is greater than 0.4, the bond is considered polar.
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Nonpolar Bonds — Overview & Examples. Nonpolar bonds form between two atoms that share their electrons equally. Polar bonds form when two bonded atoms share electrons unequally.
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NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) is neither polar nor non-polar in its pure form because it is not a covalent compound. It is an ionic compound. Polar can also be used to describe if something will dissolve in a polar solvent like water. NaHCO3 is a soluble ionic compound, so it would be considered polar in this case.
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Lipids, i.e., fatty molecules, on the other hand, are non-polar, meaning that the charge distribution is evenly distributed, and the molecules do not have positive and negatively charged ends..
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amides are polar due to the carbonyl group, and the fact that nitrogen is pretty electronegative. ethers can be polar or they can be symmetrically non-polar. if you want to be sure about a certain molecule, just take note of the difference in electronegativity between the atoms in question.
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Both polar and nonpolar molecules are found in covalent substances. Some covalent molecules have the ability to get polarized and some do not. ... Polar molecules interact with each other by forces such as dipole-dipole interactions whereas nonpolar molecules interact with each other through London dispersion forces.
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Describe the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. The difference between polar and non-polar bonds is that a polar bond means the electrons are not equally shared, while the non-polar bonds are equally shared. ... An ionic bond is formed from the attraction of two oppositely charged ions.
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It is an ionic compound and a polar compound has a positive and a negative part, SeCl2 has a positive part and a negative part that makes it polar. Polar molecules must contain polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
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Non-polar molecules form compounds that have higher vapor pressures than those formed by polar molecules, since less energy will be needed to make them go from liquid to vapor (a higher vapor pressure means a more rapid evaporation).
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Re: BF3 and PCl5 for example Cl is more electronegative than P, thus the bonds in PCl5 are polar, but the molecule overall is nonpolar due to the arrangement of Cl atoms in a trigonal bipyramidal structure where they share electrons equally.
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Re: Difference Between Polar and Nonpolar Bonds For CS2, it's nonpolar because the two double bonds that form between C and S create a linear shape, and since the same S atom is attached to either side, the pull from S's electronegativity cancels each other out, making it nonpolar.