hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix?
181711
During electron transport, energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space. A chemiosmotic gradient causes hydrogen ions to flow back across the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix, through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
420354
The electron transport chain and ATP synthase are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. ... The electrons flow through the electron transport chain, causing protons to be pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space. Eventually, the electrons are passed to oxygen, which combines with protons to form water.
653392
The respiratory electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer from organic substrates onto molecular oxygen with proton translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting proton gradient is used by the ATP synthase complex for ATP formation. In plants, the ETC is especially intricate.
1046375
The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates a pool of chemical energy (ATP, NADH, and FADH2) from the oxidation of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis. ... When acetyl-CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide in the Krebs cycle, chemical energy is released and captured in the form of NADH, FADH2, and ATP.
1431726
The ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, driven by a flux of protons across a gradient generated by electron transfer from the proton chemically positive to the negative side.
268845
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
1098253
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria The space between the inner and outer membrane is termed the intermembrane space. The proteins that mediate the processes of oxidative phosphorylation, including electron transport and ATP synthesis, are embedded within the inner membrane.
180062
The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and generates a pool of chemical energy (ATP, NADH, and FADH2) from the oxidation of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis. Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria and loses carbon dioxide to form acetyl-CoA, a 2-carbon molecule.
780982
NADH and FADH2 made in the citric acid cycle (in the mitochondrial matrix) deposit their electrons into the electron transport chain at complexes I and II, respectively. This step regenerates NAD+ and FAD (the oxidized carriers) for use in the citric acid cycle.
114781
Every time a pair of high-energy electrons moves down the Electron Transport Chain, the energy is used to move Hydrogen Ions across the Membrane. These Ions then rush back across the Membrane with enough force to spin the ATP Synthase and generate enormous amounts of ATP.
860239
Figure 1. The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen. ... The common feature of all electron transport chains is the presence of a proton pump to create a proton gradient across a membrane.
863675
Calcium pumps are a family of ion transporters found in the cell membrane of all animal cells. They are responsible for the active transport of calcium out of the cell for the maintenance of the steep Ca2+ electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane.
513034
Each NADH pumps three protons whereas each FADH2 pumps two protons. This pumping of electrons across the inner membrane causes a concentration gradient of Hydrogen atoms across the membrane. ... For each proton that passes, one ATP is made. This is why each NADH makes three ATP and each FADH2 makes 2 ATP.
1141533
This yields about three ATP molecules. Because FADH2 enters the chain at a later stage (Complex II), only six H+ ions are transferred to the intermembrane space. This accounts for about two ATP molecules. A total of 32 ATP molecules are generated in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
612194
Oxidative phosphorylation is a process involving a flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins and electron carriers within the mitochondrial membrane. This flow of electrons allows the electron transport chain to pump protons to one side of the mitochondrial membrane.
685331
Is any ATP produced in the electron transport chain? No ATP is produced in the electron transport chain. ... The name of the embedded protein that provides a channel for the hydrogen ions to pass through the membrane is ATP synthase. The flow of hydrogen ions through the protein channel provides free energy to do work.
735903
The electron transport chain cranks out large amounts of ATP—in fact, it produces most of the ATP that a cell needs to drive all of its processes. In this stage, the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 that were produced in the Krebs cycle are ready to donate their energy to produce ATP.