what are alpha helices and beta sheets?
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Secondary Structure of Protein Two fibrous structures the alpha helix, and the beta pleated sheet, which are structural components of the cell. The alpha helix is formed when the polypeptide chains twist into a spiral. ... The beta pleated sheet is polypeptide chains running along side each other.
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Both peptides and proteins are made up of strings of the body's basic building blocks – amino acids – and held together by peptide bonds. In basic terms, the difference is that peptides are made up of smaller chains of amino acids than proteins.
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Amino acids are the basic structural units of proteins. An amino acid consists of an amine group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and a side-chain group, all bonded to a central carbon atom. Amino acids are classified according to the solubility properties and ionizability which they derive from their side-chains.
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Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. Specifically, a protein is made up of one or more linear chains of amino acids, each of which is called a polypeptide.
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Beta-globin is a component (subunit) of a larger protein called hemoglobin, which is located inside red blood cells. In adults, hemoglobin normally consists of four protein subunits: two subunits of beta-globin and two subunits of another protein called alpha-globin, which is produced from another gene called HBA.
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In B-DNA, the most common double helical structure found in nature, the double helix is right-handed with about 10–10.5 base pairs per turn. The double helix structure of DNA contains a major groove and minor groove. In B-DNA the major groove is wider than the minor groove.
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α-Helices are also the most common protein structure element that crosses biological membranes (transmembrane protein), it is presumed because the helical structure can satisfy all backbone hydrogen-bonds internally, leaving no polar groups exposed to the membrane if the sidechains are hydrophobic.
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A Fibrous protein is a protein with an elongated shape. Fibrous proteins provide structural support for cells and tissues. There are special types of helices present in two fibrous proteins α-keratin and collagen. These proteins form long fibers that serve a structural role in the human body.
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The primary structure is the unique sequence of amino acids. The local folding of the polypeptide to form structures such as the α helix and β-pleated sheet constitutes the secondary structure. The overall three-dimensional structure is the tertiary structure.
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Amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, also known as the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom.
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The different levels of protein structure are known as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. Primary Structure of Proteins. The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids that make up a polypeptide chain.
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Alpha and Beta If the -OH group attached to it is below the ring, the molecule is alpha glucose. If the -OH group is above the ring, the molecule is beta glucose.
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Primary structure is the amino acid sequence. Secondary structure is local interactions between stretches of a polypeptide chain and includes α-helix and β-pleated sheet structures.
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There are two main types of secondary structures. Two fibrous structures the alpha helix, and the beta pleated sheet, which are structural components of the cell. The alpha helix is formed when the polypeptide chains twist into a spiral. This allows all amino acids in the chain to form hydrogen bonds with each other.
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So, what distinguishes a peptide from a protein? The basic distinguishing factors are size and structure. Peptides are smaller than proteins. Traditionally, peptides are defined as molecules that consist of between 2 and 50 amino acids, whereas proteins are made up of 50 or more amino acids.
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Myoglobin is a single-chain globular protein that consists of 153 amino acids and a heme group (an iron-containing porphyrin). The globular structure of myoglobin consists mainly of alpha helices linked together by various turns.
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Compared to RNA and DNA backbone, protein backbone has a relatively simple chemical structure - a nitrogen atom, two carbon atoms, one or two oxygen atoms, and a few hydrogens.