what are the ethical issues of therapeutic cloning?
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One key ethical issue is the fact that young embryos are destroyed in the process; embryonic stem cell research destroys a young life itself, whether the cells are taken from cloned or fertilized embryos. In the case of cloning, new embryos are created specifically as experiments, and destroyed in those experiments.
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Controversial biological procedures. Modern biotechnology techniques such as gene therapy and genetic engineering have potentially beneficial outcomes in healthcare and food manufacture but it is argued that there are risks involved. Biology. Cells and their uses. Sign in or Register to personalise your Bitesize now.
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Bioethics is generally more to do with theoretical ethical issues and concepts surrounding all biomedical technologies, such as cloning, stem cell therapy, xenotransplantation and the use of animals in research. Medical Ethics is more specific and focuses on the medical treatment of humans in particular.
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Cloning may cause health defects. Cloning may cause long term health defects, a study by French scientists has suggested. A two month old calf, cloned from genes taken from the ear of an adult cow, died after developing blood and heart problems.
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Researchers have observed some adverse health effects in sheep and other mammals that have been cloned. These include an increase in birth size and a variety of defects in vital organs, such as the liver, brain and heart. Other consequences include premature aging and problems with the immune system.
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Other important ethical issues relate to informed consent of both donors of gametes and embryos as well as recipients of stem cells and stem cell products. Further, there has been some concern related to the commercialization of the process, justice, and the responsible conduct of research.
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['Protecting Human Subjects in Clinical Trials. This issue has generated considerable debate since 1999, when 18-year-old Jesse Gelsinger died while participating in a gene therapy trial at the University of Pennsylvania. ... ', 'Affordability. ... ', 'Privacy. ... ', 'Stem Cell Research. ... ', 'Defending the United States Against Bioterrorism.']
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Some ethical concerns held by opponents of designer babies are related to the social implications of creating children with preferred traits. ... Other bioethicists have argued that parents have a right to prenatal autonomy, which grants them the right to decide the fate of their children.
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Reproductive cloning uses an nucleus from an adult cell and an empty egg cell, which therapeutic cloning uses two adult cells.
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However, xenotransplantation is also associated with a number of concerns. These include immunologic problems (particularly the risks of hyperacute and acute rejection), the risk of xenogeneic infections, and many ethical, legal, and social concerns.
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Various ethical issues associated with HGT from GMOs have been raised including perceived threats to the integrity and intrinsic value of the organisms involved, to the concept of natural order and integrity of species, and to the integrity of the ecosystems in which the genetically modified organism occurs [24].
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Ethical issues that arise from modern biotechnologies include the availability and use of privileged information, potential for ecological harm, access to new drugs and treatments, and the idea of interfering with nature.
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Because gene therapy involves making changes to the body's set of basic instructions, it raises many unique ethical concerns. The ethical questions surrounding gene therapy include: How can “good” and “bad” uses of gene therapy be distinguished?
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Medical Research One of the main ethic issue which bother most people is about this research procedure is it can be painful for animal and often result in mental and physical damage. Another ethic problem is that clone created for medical purpose have very poor life as tests are constantly being conducted on them.
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One of the most controversial topics in bioethics is euthanasia. According to the BBC, “Euthanasia is the termination of a very sick person's life in order to relieve them of their suffering.
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Cloned animal is used in many scientific and medical research like therapeutic cloning, stem cells research and human antibody production. One of the main ethic issue which bother most people is about this research procedure is it can be painful for animal and often result in mental and physical damage.
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Ethical Concerns Most of these concerns are for GMOs, or genetically modified organisms. These are organisms that have genes from artificial means, such as through cloning or gene insertion. GMOs do provide many benefits, and much of the food you buy at the store has been altered in some way or another.