what are the key enzymes involved in dna replication?
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DNA replication requires other enzymes in addition to DNA polymerase, including DNA primase, DNA helicase, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase.
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DNA replication is one of the most basic processes that occurs within a cell. Each time a cell divides, the two resulting daughter cells must contain exactly the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell. To accomplish this, each strand of existing DNA acts as a template for replication.
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The only role of DNA polymerase I is to hydrolyse the RNA primer and fill in the gaps with complementary deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and the end of DNA replication. DNA polymerase III has 3 functions: Selects and adds free deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates complementary to the DNA template strand.
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The primary role of DNA polymerases is to accurately and efficiently replicate the genome in order to ensure the maintenance of the genetic information and its faithful transmission through generations.
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['From existing DNA to make new DNA (DNA replication?)', 'From DNA to make new RNA (transcription)', 'From RNA to make new proteins (translation).']
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A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain. An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain. You just studied 17 terms!
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In addition to its role in DNA replication, DNA polymerase epsilon fulfils roles in the DNA synthesis step of nucleotide excision and base excision repair, and has been implicated in recombinational processes in the cell.
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['Helicase (unwinds the DNA double helix)', 'Gyrase (relieves the buildup of torque during unwinding)', 'Primase (lays down RNA primers)', 'DNA polymerase III (main DNA synthesis enzyme)', 'DNA polymerase I (replaces RNA primers with DNA)', 'Ligase (fills in the gaps)']
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DNA replication is the process of making new copies of DNA. Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to RNA. ... DNA replication is important for properly regulating the growth and division of cells.
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Just as helicase is responsible for unwinding the DNA strand, DNA polymerase is responsible for replicating the strand once it unwinds and separates. DNA is made up of a sugar-phosphate ladder and a nucleotide base. ... As there is more than one type of helicase, there is also more than one type of polymerase.
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Just as helicase is responsible for unwinding the DNA strand, DNA polymerase is responsible for replicating the strand once it unwinds and separates. ... As the DNA strand separates, the DNA polymerase matches nucleotide bases that are missing when the strand separates.
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Replication Forks and Origins of Replication The first step in DNA replication is the separation of the two DNA strands that make up the helix that is to be copied. DNA Helicase untwists the helix at locations called replication origins. The replication origin forms a Y shape, and is called a replication fork.
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Replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. DNA replication is one of the most basic processes that occurs within a cell.
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Primary functions of DNA polymerases. DNA polymerases are a group of polymerases that catalyze the synthesis of polydeoxyribonucleotides from mono-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), performing the most fundamental functions in vivo of DNA replication, repair, and, in some cases, cell differentiation.
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In prokaryotes, three main types of polymerases are known: DNA pol I, DNA pol II, and DNA pol III. It is now known that DNA pol III is the enzyme required for DNA synthesis; DNA pol I and DNA pol II are primarily required for repair.
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Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment. During separation, the two strands of the DNA double helix uncoil at a specific location called the origin.
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DNA Polymerase I possesses a 3´→5´ exonuclease activity or "proofreading" function, which lowers the error rate during DNA replication, and also contains a 5´→3´ exonuclease activity, which enables the enzyme to replace nucleotides in the growing strand of DNA by nick translation.