what are the different tools used for collection of qualitative data in social research?
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Different methods are used in qualitative research. The most common are interviews, focus group discussions, observational methods and document analysis. Combining two or more data collections methods, for instance interviews as well as focus groups ('data triangulation') enhances the credibility of the study.
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Qualitative data collection strategies that may be used include interviews, focus groups, and qualitative program reviews. Quantitative data is numeric data that can be counted to show how much change has occurred as a result of the program.
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Case study research typically includes multiple data collection techniques and data are collected from multiple sources. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations (direct and participant), questionnaires, and relevant documents (Yin, 2014). ... Qualitative data analysis is usually highly iterative.
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['Quantitative surveys. ... ', 'Focus groups. ... ', 'Qualitative research interviews. ... ', 'Qualitative case studies. ... ', 'But which business research methods work best?']
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['Applied. Questionnaire, Interview and observation.', 'Survey. Questionnaire, focus group discussion, interview and observation.', 'Case study. Questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion and observation.', 'Ethnographic e.g. correlational research. ... ', 'Historical. ... ', 'Evaluation. ... ', 'Pure science. ... ', 'Action.']
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It takes a lot of time to collect the data points. One of the significant advantages of the qualitative research method is that it creates a lot of potential data points which are usable to the social scientists. This process also creates a disadvantage which must be considered by researchers as well.
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Qualitative vs. quantitative research. ... Common quantitative methods include experiments, observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended questions. Qualitative research Qualitative research is expressed in words. It is used to understand concepts, thoughts or experiences.
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Qualitative Data Analysis Methods The most commonly used data analysis methods are: ... Content analysis is usually used to analyze responses from interviewees. Narrative analysis: This method is used to analyze content from various sources, such as interviews of respondents, observations from the field, or surveys.
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['Natural setting. Qualitative researchers often collect data in the field at the site where participants experience the issues or problem under study. ... ', 'Researcher as key instrument. ... ', 'Multiple methods. ... ', 'Complex reasoning. ... ', "Participants' meanings. ... ", 'Emergent design. ... ', 'Reflexivity. ... ', 'Holistic account.']
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Case Studies, Checklists, Interviews, Observation sometimes, and Surveys or Questionnaires are all tools used to collect data. It is important to decide the tools for data collection because research is carried out in different ways and for different purposes.
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Interviews can be done either face-to-face or over the phone. Surveys/questionnaires can be paper or web based. Observations and experiments can be conducted to collect either quantitative, qualitative or a mixture of the two methods. Records can also be used to study previous information by other researchers.
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['Qualitative Research can capture changing attitudes within a target group such as consumers of a product or service, or attitudes in the workplace.', 'Qualitative approaches to research are not bound by the limitations of quantitative methods. ... ', 'Qualitative Research provides a much more flexible approach.']
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Statistical analysis software, such as SPSS, is often used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data describes qualities or characteristics. It is collected using questionnaires, interviews, or observation, and frequently appears in narrative form.
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The four types of qualitative research designs most often used to conduct nursing research include: 1) phenomenology, 2) grounded theory, 3) ethnography, and 4) narrative inquiry.
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Further, both methods require data collection and analysis; however, these also differ; wherein, qualitative data collection involves interviews, observation, focus groups, and artifacts for open-ended data, while quantitative primarily involves surveys and secondary closed-ended data.
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Social Sciences Research : Qualitative & Quantitative Methods. Quantitative methods emphasise on objective measurements and numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires or surveys and qualitative research focuses on understanding social phenomena through interviews, personal comments etc.
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['Open-Ended Surveys and Questionnaires. Opposite to closed-ended are open-ended surveys and questionnaires. ... ', '1-on-1 Interviews. One-on-one (or face-to-face) interviews are one of the most common types of data collection methods in qualitative research. ... ', 'Focus groups. ... ', 'Direct observation.']