How to get the SQL generated by Context.SubmitChanges in LINQ2SQL?
How can I get sql string, generated by Linq2SQL ORM?
Show current ping to website on Taksbar I'm looking for a way to monitor my current internet connection quality by showing the ping-response to a website like google in the taskbar on the right side. I'm using Windows 8.1. Kind of like , but for the ping. Any suggestions?  I want to stop using the command line to ping Google. Did Obi-Wan Kenobi ever become more powerful? In Star wars: IV A New Hope, Obi-Wan says to Darth Vader:     You can't win, Darth. If you strike me down, I shall become more powerful than you could possibly imagine.    What did he mean by this? Was he bluffing? Was he alluding to him being able to help Luke as a Force Ghost? Or was he talking on behalf of The Force? lstlisting - line number gaps Is it possible to add non-number characters on the left of a code block?  Specifically, I want to add ... to correspond with some source code (see image).    I am currently using commands to stop / start the line numbers. Here is the code:  \documentclass[12pt]{article}  \usepackage[a4paper, margin = 20mm, top = 30mm, bottom = 25mm]{geometry} \usepackage{xcolor, soul} \usepackage{listings}  \definecolor{codebackground}{rgb}{0.95, 0.95, 0.92}  \lstset {     frame            = tb, % hrule above and below     keepspaces       = true,     columns          = flexible,     basicstyle       = {\normalsize\ttfamily},     escapeinside     = {(*@}{@*)}, % for escaping     backgroundcolor  = \color{codebackground},     showstringspaces = false,     language         = C,     keywordstyle     = \color{blue},     stringstyle      = \color{red},     commentstyle     = \color{teal},     numbers          = left, % {none, left, right}     firstnumber      = 1,     numberstyle      = \scriptsize\color{black},     numbersep        = 5pt }  \let\origthelstnumber\thelstnumber \makeatletter % for stopping line numbers \newcommand*\stopnumber {     \lst@AddToHook{OnNewLine}     {         \let\thelstnumber\relax         \advance\c@lstnumber-\@ne\relax     } } % for starting line numbers \newcommand*\startnumber[1] {     \setcounter{lstnumber}{\numexpr#1-1\relax}     \lst@AddToHook{OnNewLine}     {         \let\thelstnumber\origthelstnumber         \refstepcounter{lstnumber}     } } \makeatother  \begin{document} \begin{lstlisting}[firstnumber = 456] int third_function(const int c) {     /* error checking */     if(c &lt; 0)     {         return;     } (*@ \stopnumber @*)      ...     (*@ \startnumber{512} @*)     /* other stuff */     int d = 4;     char* word = "third function"; (*@ \stopnumber @*)      ...     (*@ \startnumber{678} @*)     return (c * d); } \end{lstlisting} \end{document} Are any of these verb phrases grammatical?        allows the user of modeling and resolving     allows the user to model and resolve      Which version of the following sentence is correct/better?        In particular, it allows to acquire a signal using a sample rate significantly lower than the one dictated by the Nyquist criterion.   In particular, it allows acquiring a signal using a sample rate   significantly lower than the one dictated by the Nyquist criterion.      I searched Google Scholar for "" and "", and it seems people use both more or less with the same frequency. How does the radius of a pipe affect the rate of flow of fluid? Poiseuille's law states that the rate of flow of water is proportionate to $r^4$ where $r$ is the radius of the pipe. I don't see why.  Intuitively I would expect rate of flow of fluid to vary with $r^2$ as the volume of a cylinder varies with $r^2$ for a constant length. The volume that flows past a point is equal to rate of flow fluid, and thus it should vary with $r^2$.  I cannot understand the mathematical proof completely. Is there an intuitive explanation for this? how to turbo boost my cpu on Ubuntu? My PC has one Intel Haswell i5 4690, which is supposed to be boosted up to 3.9GHz from the regular frequency 3.5GHz. I do not know if it is possible to use some softwares to turbo boost this cpu on Ubuntu 14.04LTS. THX! Is it posible to change the locale of my device? How can I hover over icons in Ubuntu Dock to see all windows of one application? I'm using Ubuntu 17.10 with GNOME 3. How can I show all open windows of a certain application using the sidebar (aka Ubuntu Dock)? Right now I have to right-click and select "all windows" to see my other open windows.   Is there a quicker way to do this? "Fatal error: Cannot redeclare " Battery mAh meaning What exactly does mAh rating means? I know that it means the milliamperes supplied by the battery in one hour but i need a more conceptual and practical definition/example.   How does mAh rating tell the current supplied to the load? How does it vary with the load specification.   Also, suppose a mobile phone's battery has 3000mAh, if i supply it with 1000mA, then does it mean that the battery will be fully charged in 3 hours?   And will a 3000 mAh battery deliver a current of 3000mA for 1 hour to a load? Will this rating degrade in a practical scenario. Please explain. How to derive variance-covariance matrix of coefficients in linear regression I am reading a book on linear regression and have some trouble understanding the variance-covariance matrix of $\mathbf{b}$:    The diagonal items are easy enough, but the off-diagonal ones are a bit more difficult, what puzzles me is that  $$ \sigma(b_0, b_1) = E(b_0 b_1) - E(b_0)E(b_1) = E(b_0 b_1) - \beta_0 \beta_1 $$  but there is no trace of $\beta_0$ and $\beta_1$ here. Generator of group $D_n$ Can massive damage knock out rather than causing instant death? Suppose, as happened last night, a character intends to subdue rather than kill an opponent. She made a melee attack, hit, declared her intent to knock out. The damage roll was enough to reduce the opponent to zero and the remaining damage exceeded the opponent's maximum HP. Now we would seem to have two rules invoked:  Instant Death. Massive damage can kill you instantly. When damage reduces you to 0 hit points and there is damage remaining, you die if the remaining damage equals or exceeds your hit point maximum. (PHB p.197) Knocking a Creature Out. When an attacker reduces a creature to 0 hit points with a melee attack, the attacker can knock the creature out. The attacker can make this choice the instant the damage is dealt. The creature falls unconscious and is stable. (PHB p.198)  So which rule takes precedence? Or is it neither? Never delete entries? Good idea? Usual? What are good basic statistics to use for ordinal data? I have some  gained from survey questions.  In my case they are  responses (Strongly Disagree-Disagree-Neutral-Agree-Strongly Agree).  In my data they are coded as 1-5.  I  don't think means would mean much here, so what basic summary statistics are considered usefull? Issue with regex backreference in Python Copy current terminal prompt to clipboard Is there a way to copy the currently written content of the bash prompt? Say I wrote:  ping www.google.com   so that the lines in terminal looks like:  petr@sova:~$ ping www.google.com   and didn't hit return yet. I want to copy that text to clipboard. Is that possible?  The usual usecase would be hitting up several times and finding a command which I want to copy. Removing columns in a SpatialPolygonsDataFrame in R? My spatial polygon data frame (SPDF) contains too many columns (variables) and I want to remove most of the columns entirely.   I know how to do this with a regular data frame in R, but I am unsure how to do this when dealing with object of class SpatialPolygonsDataFrame? Are there any banned subjects on Area 51? I know of the following rules for creating a proposal on Area 51:  The scope must be reasonably well-defined, not too unclear (e.g. &quot;cool stuff&quot;), too opinion-based (e.g. &quot;car reviews&quot;), too broad (e.g. &quot;life on Earth&quot;), or too narrow (e.g. &quot;The 1995 academic misconduct scandal at East Oak Mews High School&quot;). One  come to Area 51 with an already existing community rather than hope to build one on Area 51. Proposals that are subsets of existing sites are not acceptable (e.g.  — deleted). These get closed as &quot;This subject is already well-covered by a live Stack Exchange site. We generally do not split off subjects simply to give them their own space.&quot; Proposals for non-English sites .  Other than the criteria above, are there any per se restrictions on site content for an Area 51 proposal? If so, what topics are currently banned? I would expect a proposal for a &quot;Let's organize a lawsuit against Stack Exchange&quot; or &quot;[Specific SE staff member] sucks, amirite?&quot; would get closed for obvious reasons, but I'm interested if there are any non-obvious topics that are not currently allowed in proposals regardless of how well-defined, well-scoped, original, and well-supported by a community they are. Having a list of banned topics would be helpful to potential proposers as well as the communities that back them. For example, I wouldn't want to go to all the effort of organizing a community, bringing them to Area 51, etc., only to have my proposal closed with a curt &quot;Sorry, due to the political climate, we are not currently accepting proposals for sites about real-life weapons.&quot; custom closure. To be clear, I am asking solely about topic restrictions (e.g. &quot;no sites about fishing, hunting, or weapons&quot;). I'm not asking about clarity requirements, the requirement to have a pre-existing community, not duplicating an existing site, or the requirement to not use sock puppets to artificially inflate proposal stats. Those requirements are already well-defined elsewhere or else are common sense. Also to be clear, I don't have a specific proposal idea in mind right now or the community to make it happen. I'm asking in general. The question could be rephrased as &quot;What are those topics where I shouldn't even bother to try to define, gather a community, etc. because any attempt to propose a site will be summarily closed due to covering a banned topic?&quot; This is not a duplicate of  because that question is about the appropriateness of expanding a proposal to cover things that are acceptable proposal topics but arguably don't make sense in combination with the original proposal scope. My question is about topics that are completely banned from proposals regardless of whether they are included in the original proposal description or tacked on by the community later. Textbook approach to modeling non-proportional hazards in the Cox model In Cox models with time varying coefficients, the effect of covariates on the hazard is allowed to change through time. In cases where a coefficient has a linear relationship with time, I am aware of at least two text books ( and an Appendix to ) that advocate for the following model, first in R code:  coxph(Surv(time, death) ~ disease + disease:time)   And now in mathematical notation:  $$ h(t|X) = h_0(t) \exp(\beta_1X + \beta_2X_T) $$ Where $h(t|X)$ is the instantaneous hazard rate at time $t$ given covariates $X$; $h_0(t)$ is the baseline hazard rate; and $T$ is the censoring or event times. $\beta_1$ represents the log hazard ratio for individuals with $T=0$ (which is sort of nonsensical since you can't have $T=0$ in the data), while $\beta_2$ is harder to interpret... $\beta_2$ shows how the log hazard ratio depends on censoring/event times, but that is circular because event times are also the response variable (this point is made in Terry Therneau’s vignette “”).  According to Therneau's vignette, to correctly specify a time varying coefficient, you need to use the following model, first in R code:  coxph(Surv(time, death) ~ disease + tt(disease), tt=function(x,t,...){x*t})   And now in mathematical notation: $$ h(t|X) = h_0(t) \exp(\beta_1X + \beta_2X_T) $$  The difference is that the time interaction is with $t$ in the model rather than with the event times $T$ in the data. The resulting parameters are easy to interpret: they are the intercept and slope of the linear relationship between the log hazard ratio of $X$ and time. This approach seems like the proper way to model a time varying effect.  Can anyone justify or advocate for the first approach to modeling non-proportional hazards in the Cox model? If it is really incorrect (as I suspect it is), what are the practical consequences of using this approach?