How to fix vulnerabilities related to Spectre and Meltdown bugs in Ubuntu?
How to mitigate the Spectre and Meltdown vulnerabilities on Linux systems?
Probability Interval for Gamma Distribution There is something that I am doing wrong in the exercise below and I would appreciate some help figuring it out.  Let $X_1, X_2, \ldots, X_5$ be a random sample from a $\Gamma \left(3,3 \right)$ distribution . Define $W=\sum_{i=1}^5 X_i $.    Obtain the distribution of $W$ and of $2W/3$ Find $c_1$ and $c_2$ such that $P \left( c_1 &lt; W &lt;c_2 \right)=0.95 $     Since $W$ is the sum of iid gamma variables, $W \sim \Gamma \left(15,3 \right)$ and now a straightforward transformation argument shows that $Y=\frac{2}{3} W \sim \chi^2 \left(30 \right) $. This completes question 1.  Now for question 2, my thoughts were to transform these probabilities using the result from question 1, namely that $\frac{2}{3} W \sim \chi^2 \left(30 \right) $. Hence, unless I have made a horrible mistake here:  $$P \left( \frac{2}{3} c_1 &lt; Y &lt; \frac{2}{3} c_2 \right)=0.95 $$  We can find the constants from a chisquare table for $30$ degrees of freedom. In my case, they are $16.791$ for the lower bound and $46.979$ for the upper one.   Then if we equate $\frac{2}{3}c_1=16.791$ and solve for $c_1$ we should be able to find the constant for the above gamma confidence interval, right?   The problem is that according to $R$, $P \left( W&lt;c_1 \right) =1 $, instead of  the desired $0.025$ which means I have gone wrong somewhere. I do not think it is in question though $1$ as I have verified the result many times.   Thank you. Ubuntu 18.10 gnome extensions stop working after hibernation After upgrading to 18.10 I am experiencing very strange behaviour of gnome extensions. After my laptop goes into hibernation they all switch off and enabling them back on  doesn't help: nothing changes and when I refresh the page they are disabled again.   The only way to turn them back on is to reinstall them. Can a dual national visit USA under VWP after visa refusal for other nationality? Recently I was refused an E-2 visa under Section 214b. To be honest I don't really know why because I have strong ties with my home country (house, bank account, family) so my lawyer sent an appeal to the legalnet and I'm  waiting for an answer.  I have a second nationality that I used to travel in USA within the last 15 months under ESTA. A few days after my E-2 refusal I checked my ESTA status  and it is still authorized.  Can I travel to the States right now or not?  I have a purchased business over there and have to take care of my assets. How did the transdimensional Edo god (Edo lord) come to be the overseer of the Edo? $\sum_{i=1}^n(a_i)\sum_{i=1}^n(\frac{1}{a_i})\ge n^2$ is what I want to prove, where $a_i&gt;0$ and I need to showwhen equality holds.  I have tried using Cauchy-Schwarz, where inside the sums I multiply each value by 1 to do it but it doesn't work out.  I have also done  $\sum_{i=1}^n(a_i)\sum_{i=1}^n(\frac{1}{a_i})=\sum_{i=1}^n \sum_{i=1}^n(\frac{a_i}{a_i})=\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{i=1}^n(1)=\sum_{i=1}^n(n)=n^2$, but this proves an equality.  Am I not allowed to do the first step I did in my work? 2016: a year in closing Suppress "In:" biblatex How do I suppress the "In: " before the journaltitle? Like so:     In: Journal of Applied Physics A bob hanging in an accelerating train moves backward. What is the force moving it backward? When the train accelerates, the bob would also accelerate with the same magnitude and direction as the train. From the free body diagram, only tension and weight are exerted on the bob. I understand how to relate the "horizontal component" of the tension to the acceleration of the bob. It moves "backward" and in fact its vertical position is different from when the train is not accelerating.  I am not sure whether inertia could explain this situation. What is the force moving it backward/ lifting with the height? I have a weird port forwarding problem. I tried to open my port 22 to the outside network. I was able to access it as long as I am not inside the LAN. I can access it from my office for example. But from within the LAN, I can access the port using the local ip, but I can't access the port using the external IP. It's as if the router is blocking the loopback. I've check all my router settings, turned off anything firewall/filtering related. Any ideas? Boolean and Texts I have used Hexagon for years but find that it sometimes crashes when trying to do Boolean operations with texts.  I have been trying to make the two tables of the Ten Commandments and have been trying to use Blender.  I did it about two years ago in Blender and lost everything on my computer so I am trying again with the latest version of Blender and am having difficulty.  I start with a cube and then get it close to the dimensions I would think the Ten Commandments might look like. I then bevel the top using the bevel modifier. But in doing it this way I don't have any cross sub divisions on the face of the object. I have tried sub dividing first but then I find that I can't bevel the top arches as far as I would like. I still don't know how to add divisions after I bevel the top. Yes I am still a novice at this program.  In any case I did figure out how to make text and turn them into an object. When I make the texts I do all four of the commandments for one side and then the other six for the other side. So this makes allot of texts to cut out.  When doing the Boolean operation in Difference sometimes nothing happens. I am thinking I need to have some sub - divisions on the face of the sized cube after it is beveled but am not really sure if this is the problem.  This whole thing about normal's is still Greek to me. I have watched some videos on how to cut letters into a cube but for some reason it does not work this easy after I bevel the top of the cube. Or it could be that Blender does not like a bunch of texts all at once.  Could someone show me a video or give me some simple steps to make my project work? Could the universe's antimatter be hiding in black holes? As far as we know almost all the mass in the universe is matter, not antimatter. There are three scenarios:   The universe started off with more matter than antimatter and the small amount of antimatter has mostly been converted to energy via collisions with matter The universe started off with equal amounts of matter and antimatter and some unknown process caused the situation we see today The universe started off with less matter than antimatter and somehow the ratio reversed (I've never heard this discussed as it seems so unlikely)   We reason that mass is matter because if there were large amounts of antimatter they should produce antimatter galaxies, which would give off huge amounts of energy when they interact with matter galaxies. This has never been observed so we conclude that all galaxies, therefore all mass in the universe is matter.  As I understand it there are two main types of black holes, stellar remnants (the collapsed remnants of dead stars with more than two solar masses) and super-massive black holes at the centre of many galaxies, including one thought to be at the centre of our own galaxy.  Stellar black holes are obviously originally composed of matter, for the same reason that all galaxies are composed of matter.  We don't know how super-massive black holes formed. Is there enough mass in them to contain all the antimatter in the universe if matter and antimatter were originally created in equal quantities? I realise this shifts the unknown mechanism from "why was more matter created than antimatter" to "why is antimatter more likely to form super-massive black holes" but is this hypothetical scenario possible? Which hydroxyl from either the phosphate or the glycerol is taken during synthesis of a phospholipid head? C# Mono - Low Level Keyboard Hook I'm using code that I found on the .  The only problem is it uses external DLL calls that don't work in mono.  I was wondering if anyone knew of a way to accomplish the same thing as that code, but will run in both Windows using .net, and Linux using mono?  Edit:  Clarifying what I'm trying to do: I'm making a .  The program sits in the system tray and when the user presses the hot-key, it will pop up all the gadgets.  So the program doesn't have focus, so typically it won't catch any keystrokes, so I'm using the low-level keyboard hook and I hook the two keys that the user defines as the hot-keys.  But I'm using a Windows DLL call for that, which doesn't work in Linux using mono.  So I'm wondering if there's a way to do the same thing, but will run in Linux using mono? My current understanding:  $\vdash$ is "syntactic consequence", e.g. if we have $a \vdash b$ it means if we've written down $a$ as something we know, we can immediately write down $b$ as something we know. This is saying nothing about whether any of these pieces are true, false, something else, etc, it's just saying that we can say something about $b$ by virtue of being able to say something about $a$.  $\vDash$ is "semantic consequence", e.g. if we have $a \vDash b$, then it (usually) means if $a$ is always true in every interpretation (i.e. no matter how we mess with any of the underlying variables driving $a$'s valuation), then $b$ is true as well. However I don't know if this is necessarily just a "true"-only thing. It seems conceivable that we could make one for falsehoods too, i.e. if $a \vDash b$ might mean if $a$ is always false then $b$ is always false, of if $a$ is always "dog" then $b$ is always "dog", etc. But I am unsure of this one.  $\to$ is material implication, which exists solely within the logic system (as opposed to the previous two metalogical relations) and has a specific semantic meaning / definition in terms of a truth table in something like prepositional logic ($a \to b$ is always true unless $a$ is true and $b$ is false). It's defined this way simply because it is a helpful / useful model to describe things like "whenever $a$ is true, $b$ is true".  Do I have the right idea so far? I have a directory filled with files with names like logXX where XX is a two-character, zero-padded, uppercase hex number such as:  log00 log01 log02 ... log0A log0B log0C ... log4E log4F log50 ...   Generally there will be fewer than say 20 or 30 files total.  The date and time on my particular system is not something that can be relied up on (an embedded system with no reliable NTP or GPS time sources).  However the filenames will reliably increment as shown above.  I wish to grep through all the files for the single most recent log entry of a certain type, I was hoping to cat the files together such as...  cat /tmp/logs/log* | grep 'WARNING 07 -' | tail -n1   However it occurred to me that different versions of bash or sh or zsh etc. might have different ideas about how the * is expanded.  The man bash page doesn't say whether or not the expansion of * would be a definitely ascending alphabetical list of matching filenames.  It does seem to be ascending every time I've tried it on all the systems I have available to me -- but is it DEFINED behaviour or just implementation specific?  In other words can I absolutely rely on cat /tmp/logs/log* to concatenate all my log files together in alphabetical order? Odds made simple How to add current date to cell if the rest of the cells (or some cells) in that row are edited, but only the first time? If $p$ and $q = 2p + 1$ are both odd primes, show that $-4$ and $2(-1)^{(1/2)(p-1)}$ are both primitive roots modulo $q$. If $p$ and $q = 2p + 1$ are both odd primes, show that $-4$ and $2(-1)^{(1/2)(p-1)}$ are both primitive roots modulo $q$.   I cannot get heads nor tails of how to even start this let alone finish it I'm new to Ubuntu. I installed it today, but the first thing I encounter is that I can only connect to the Internet through wifi.  Can someone help me?   iwconfig result :  eth0      no wireless extensions.  lo        no wireless extensions.   lspci:  00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor DRAM     Controller (rev 09) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor PCI Express Root Port (rev 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM76 Express Chipset LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 04) 01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF117M [GeForce 610M/710M/820M / GT 620M/625M/630M/720M] (rev a1) 03:00.0 Network controller: MEDIATEK Corp. MT7630e 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter 04:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device 5289 (rev 01) 04:00.2 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 0a)   lspci -nnk | grep 0280 -A2:  03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: MEDIATEK Corp. MT7630e 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter [14c3:7630]     Subsystem: Foxconn International, Inc. Device [105b:e074] 04:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device [10ec:5289] (rev 01) I have binary data in an unsigned char variable. I need to convert them to PEM base64 in c. I looked in openssl library but i could not find any function. Does any body have any idea?