Difference between SHA1 and SHA1HMAC?
What is the difference between a HMAC and a hash of data?
Problem 4.6, I. Martin Isaacs' Character Theory Leave bash script running on remote terminal while not logged in? I have a bash script that takes several hours to run.  While it's running, I would like to do other things, which may involve logging out or disconnecting from the internet (my script runs network tests on various computers).  I understand that there is a command that would allow me to run my tests from a remote terminal and logout of the terminal while it runs.  Does anyone know what this command is? Are there functions or packages in Mathematica to sort subsets in lex order, colex, revlex, etc.? Has a movie from a movie series ever been removed/retconned due to fan/general outcry? A petition to strike the events of  from the main Star Wars timeline that is going around online has made me wonder if there has ever been a retcon/removal of a movie from a movie series or just renunciation of a movie by those with creative control due to backlash, as opposed to the director(s) just deciding to go a new direction/starting fresh. Google just produces said petition when searching (please note this is not for or against Star Wars).  Addendum, by removal I am referring to the events in the movie no longer being recognized in the universe. Conveniently schedule a command to run later? What's a simple way to run a command, say, 8 hours from now? I can think of this way:  nohup bash -c "sleep 28800 ; ./mycommand.sh" &amp;   Is there a more "proper" way? I was looking for some shell commands, and I took a look in "users" command.  I was hoping to get only 1 name, but I got 2:  nori@nori-hidamari:~$ users nori nori   And when I run the command "who"  nori@nori-hidamari:~$ who nori     :0           2015-04-09 09:31 (:0) nori     pts/0        2015-04-09 09:48 (:0)   Is this behaviour normal? Or it's bad?  Thank you guys for helping me. Python scope: "UnboundLocalError: local variable 'c' referenced before assignment" Is there any cryptographic algorithm immune to side channel attacks based on scan chain? In VLSI point of view. Does driving an microcontroller's GPIO when it is powered off weaken the chip? We are using the  in a project. The way our design is now, the IC's GPIO pins will sometimes be driven high (to 3.3V) or low when it is powered-off. Will this weaken the chip? The absolute maximum ratings state the voltage on any digital I/O pin is -0.3V to VSupply+0.3V. If the answer is no, could the IC be weakened during power up?  The LTC5800-IPM does not have the most detailed datasheet. If it is not clear for that device in particular, I'd be interested to know for CMOS microcontroller GPIOs in general. How do I programmatically log in a user with a POST request? Do anyone have a working REST Login on Drupal 8? This is what I tried. POST /user/login HTTP/1.1 Host: 8.d8.local Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Accept-Encoding: http://nikhilmohan.in Cache-Control: no-cache  name=test&amp;pass=password&amp;form_id=user_login_form  It returns me HTML instead of JSON. "Arnold raced out of the door": grammatical or not? Only Fixed and Random Options are Working in Illustrator CC 2015 Callipraphy Brushes App updated but still the same. Only fixed and random options are working in Calligraphy Brushes. I have searched but can't find a solution. Where does Google Chrome for Linux store user specific data? How do you get the footer to stay at the bottom of a Web page? why normalize and the definition of directional derivative Setting ArcGIS Desktop license to lower level for testing whether Python script still runs? I have a Python script that will need to be given to a client.   We are currently evaluating what license level the client will need in order to run the script for their software acquisition purposes.   We all have ArcGIS 10.1 Advanced license in our company.   I checked all the tools and extensions used in the script against the web help and found that they should work on the Standard license level.   Is there a way I can test the script against the Standard license level, when we have no Standard license level in or company (only the higher Advanced level)? Is it possible to create a list of all the figures at the end of a document (this I can do) and make it appear in the table of contents?  So in the the table of content there will be a line saying List of figures ... 19 for example? My ubuntu partition was deleted and I can't boot from either a DVD or USB Splitting all lines in layer at vertices using QGIS How to determine whether a given Linux is 32 bit or 64 bit? When I type uname -a, it gives the following output.  Linux mars 2.6.9-67.0.15.ELsmp #1 SMP Tue Apr 22 13:50:33 EDT 2008 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux   How can I know from this that the given OS is 32 or 64 bit?  This is useful when writing configure scripts, for example: what architecture am I building for?