Conflict between TikZ/qtree and Babel/French
Incompatibility between TikZ and babel
Converting string of 1s and 0s into binary value I'm trying to convert an incoming sting of 1s and 0s from stdin into their respective binary values (where a string such as "11110111" would be converted to 0xF7). This seems pretty trivial but I don't want to reinvent the wheel so I'm wondering if there's anything in the C/C++ standard libs that can already perform such an operation? Obviously you need to have some high level idea of what's going on in the world around the players, and where you are heading with the story, but in an ongoing game at some point players will be players and will head off in a different direction to what you planned.  How far ahead should you be planning to minimise or eliminate being caught off guard, but also try to minimise the amount of 'wasted content' you come up with but never gets used? Terminology of the sequences of promoters in relation to DNA strands I'm studying molecular biology and I'm trying to understand an experiment which shows the importance of promoters in the relative transcription level (RT). The image below comes from Rolf Knippers' book "Molekulare Genetik" (8th edition).    The legend says (among other things):     Die erste Zeile gibt die normale "Wildtyp"-Sequenz der 5'-flankierenden Region wieder.   Which, in english, means something like:     The first line repeats the normal wild-type sequence of the 5' flanking region.   The column on the right gives the relative transcription (RT) level, 1.0 being the highest possible level of transcription. As we can see, the lines where some parts of the "5' region" have been deleted give quite low RT levels, since some regions of the promoter are missing.  My questions are the following:  1) According to  and , I understand that RNA polymerase reads and uses both coding and non-coding strands in order to synthesize RNA. Therefore, how did they manage to use the sequences strands regions had been deleted to make a polymerase "read them" and perform transcription?  2) If the polymerase reads the template strand in the 3' -> 5' sense, shouldn't we talk of "ATAT box" or "TAAC box" instead of "TATA" or "CAAT" boxes? Does it mean that the "promoter" regions they are using on the graphic above are actually on the coding strand?  Thanks a lot for your help. If $\gcd(a,b)=1$, then there exists integers $x$ and $y$ such that $xa + yb = 1$ Did not find this from this website...  If $$ \gcd(a,b)=1,$$ then there exists integers $x$ and $y$ such that $$xa+yb=1.$$  Now, the tip is to use particular corollary, that states:  The class $[m]_{n}$ generates $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\Leftrightarrow \gcd(m,n)=1.$  I am totally lost with the corollary.  Let's assume that $\gcd(m,n)=1$. Then, $[m]_{n}$ generates $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$.  OK! Then what?  There is also follow up, where I have to prove the converse. I am familiar with Bezout's lemma. Every planar graph has a vertex of degree at most 5. Mathematical Basis behind inflation of Standard errors of Regression estimates due to multicollinearity We know that due to multi-collinearity, the standard errors of beta estimates get inflated. But what is the mathematical basis to it?   I am looking for some mathematical relationship or something to explain this.   Like I understand if standard error of betas goes up, then t-statistics goes down and we might not be able to reject the null or the variables would appear non-significant.   But what is the mathematical relationship between multicolllinearity and inflation in variance of coefficients? What does "period" mean when someone says "Sth... Period"? I often hear US citizens say something like this:     &lt;Some phrases>. Period.   What does period mean when it appears in a sentence by itself in this type of situation? How can I find the right lens cap for my lens? I own a Nikon D3000 Camera with the AF-S 18-55mm VR Kit Lens. Last week I lost the lens cap and now I want to buy a new one.  But when I went to , I got confused with the different ranges of lens names —  LC-62, LC-78, etc.  My concern is what if I order one lens cap and it won't fit correctly on my lens?  If you guys have an D3000, can you please let me know how to find the correct lens cap names? Sci-Fi book female fighter pilot All I remember about the book is that the protagonist was a human female fighter pilot, she has short hair, not sure if it was blond or auburn and she was involved in making peace with the alien race.  The alien race was invading Earth, but because of her they stopped, surrendered and because of her helped Earth improve its technology. I remember that she melded with something and was starting to sort of think like them and lose a bit of her humanity.  It was set in the not too distant future. I believe I read it in the 90s. Evaluating the indefinite integral $ \int \sqrt{\tan x} ~ \mathrm{d}{x}. $ I have been having extreme difficulties with this integral. I would appreciate any and all help. $$ \int \sqrt{\tan x} ~ \mathrm{d}{x}. $$ Disable HTTPS for a domain that shares IP with another domain that is under HTTPS I am running into a weird problem trying to disable HTTPS for one domain, but the other domain has HTTPS. They both are different websites running on a dedicated server, sharing the same IP address for the domains.  However, I have a domain that does not have a SSL certificate, but the other does. I want to disable HTTPS for the non-certified domain while leaving the other domain with HTTPS on.  I have two different separate vhosts in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/,   domain1.org (no HTTPS)  server {      listen                      80;     server_name                 www.domain1.org domain1.org;     root                        /var/www/domain1.org;     index                       index.html index.php index.htm;      error_log                   /var/www/logs/domain1.errors.log;      [ ... ]   domain2.com (with HTTPS)  server {      listen                      443 ssl;     server_name                 domain2.com www.domain2.com;      # INCLUDE SSL CERTIFICATE     include                     sites-enabled/domain2_ssl_include;       root                        /home/domain2/www/www;     index                       index.html index.php index.htm;      [ ... ]   I've included a listener to the port 443 for domain1.org, but once I do that, I get an aborted error from Firefox saying (when accessing ):     This Connection is Untrusted      You have asked Firefox to connect securely to domain1.org, but we can't confirm that your connection is secure.   I opened the technical data, it appears that the domain1.org is using the domain2.com SSL certificate:     domain1.org uses an invalid security certificate.      The certificate is only valid for the following names:    *.domain2.com , domain2.com        (Error code: ssl_error_bad_cert_domain)   So I added this to domain1.org vhost configuration:  server {      server_name                 domain1.org www.domain1.org;      listen                      443 ssl;      rewrite ^ http://domain1.org permanent; }   Which still gets me prompted with the Firefox error.  Now... when I access to , I get an 400 error from nginx saying this:     400 Bad Request      The plain HTTP request was sent to HTTPS port   I am not entirely sure what to do, disabling the https with ssl off; has no effect. How can I actually disable HTTPS for domain1.org but not for domain2.com?  I am using Ubuntu 12.04 running nginx 1.2.6. E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages I am currently reading Murphy's ML: A Probabilistic Perspective. In CH 3 he explains that a batch update of the posterior is equivalent to a sequential update of the posterior, and I am trying to understand this in the context of his example.  Suppose $D_a$ and $D_b$ are two data sets and $\theta$ is the parameter to our model. We are trying to update the posterior $P(\theta \mid D_a, D_b)$. In a sequential update, he states that, $$ (1) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \  P(\theta \mid D_{a}, D_{b}) \propto P(D_b \mid \theta) P(\theta \mid D_a) $$ However, I am slightly confused as to how he got this mathematically. Conceptually, I understand that he is saying the posterior $P(\theta \mid D_a)$ is now a prior used to update the new posterior, which includes the new data $D_b$, and is multiplying this prior with the likelihood $P(D_b \mid \theta)$. Expanding the last statement out, I have, $$  P(D_b \mid \theta) P(\theta \mid D_a) = P(D_b \mid \theta) P(D_a \mid \theta) P(\theta) $$  but are we allowed to say $P(D_a \mid \theta) P(D_b \mid \theta) = P(D_a, D_b \mid \theta)$ in order to make the connection in (1)? Beamer keeping line position constant on itemize I want to have a slide in beamer with itemize exposing new line on each click while at the bottom part of the slide there are some equations. This is my attempt  \begin{frame}   \begin{overprint}{\textwidth}     \leavevmode     \begin{itemize}[&lt;+-&gt;]     \item &lt;1-&gt; Poisson Boltzman equation (PB)     \item &lt;2-&gt; Debye-H\"uckle equation  (DH)     \item &lt;3-&gt; The naive approach - applying (DH) equation to PE     \end{itemize}   \end{overprint}   \begin{tikzpicture}     \node at (0,0) {};         \node&lt;1,2&gt; [text width = 20cm]at (10.5,-1) {$ \nabla^2 \phi =\sum_i \frac{n_i q_i\text{e}^{-q_i \phi/kT}}{4 \pi \epsilon}$};         \node &lt;2&gt; [text width = 20cm]at (10.5,-2) {$q_i \phi/kT \ll 1 \Rightarrow \nabla^2 \phi \simeq \kappa^2 \phi$};         \node &lt;2&gt; [text width = 20cm, font=\footnotesize]at (10.5,-2.5) {$\kappa^2 = \lambda^{-1/2} =  \sum_i \frac{n_i q_i}{4 \pi \epsilon}$};         \node &lt;3&gt; [text width = 20cm] at(10.5,-1) {$\frac{F_{el}}{VkT} = - \left ( \frac{ 4 \pi e^2}{\epsilon kT}     \sum_{i=1} n_i z_i^2 \right )^{3/2} \left ( 12 \pi \right )^{-1}$};   \end{tikzpicture} \end{frame}   However, the itemized line jump up and down between slides. I've tried to use itemize without any environment surrounding it. I've also tried to use overlayarea instead of overprint. How can I keep the line position constant?  I've uploaded a gif animation to display this. On my machine it run really fast and I can't fix this. Hope the problem is understood.   When I run this, I get Windows 10 April 2018 Update added an extra Language and I cannot remove it I have just updated to Windows 10 April 2018 Update (1803 / 17134.1)  I had my laptop configured completely as UK with only a UK keyboard layout  Since the update, a US keyboard has been added so I now see the switch icon in my task bar    It appears that all the keyboard language settings are now migrated to the new Settings app and no longer in the old Control Panel    However, as can be seen from the screenshot above, the Remove button under the newly added US layout is greyed out (as is the UK one)  How can I remove the US layout?  UPDATE 1: I just updated my desktop and it hasn't added a US keyboard!  UPDATE 2: I added a third language (French) and was able to remove it, the button was enabled. The US remove button remained disabled both after adding French and after removing it.  UPDATE 3: I added another English language (Australian) and this cannot be removed! Button is disabled  UPDATE 4: I followed this  except I removed the values from the keys for all users and also the values under the Substitutions key. The task bar switch icon is gone but I still have all 3 languages in Settings still Flow chart using Tikz- spanning multiple pages I am trying to create a flowchart with Tikz. Since it is a long one, it spans three pages. So after creating a node to stop, I am continuing to the next page using \newpage command. Unfortunately some elements in page 1 are connected to page 2, 3 and vice versa. So when I try to create the arrow connection, it is not possible since the \newpage command comes in between. I am sharing the code with you for info. Could  anyone help me to improve the flowchart so that I could direct the arrows among multiple pages. My sample code is below:  \begin{tikzpicture} \node 1 \node 2 ........ \draw[arrow] (node1)--(node2) \draw[arrow] (node2)--(node3) ---- \end tikzpicture} \newpage \begin{tikzpicture} \node 1 \node 2 ........ \draw[arrow] (node1)--(node2) \draw[arrow] (node2)--(node3) ---- \end tikzpicture} \newpage  \begin{tikzpicture} \node 1 \node 2 ........ \draw[arrow] (node1)--(node2) \draw[arrow] (node2)--(node3) ---- \end tikzpicture} Near the beginning of the definition of the amsmath environments aligned and gathered (and also mathtools' multlined) there's an explicit thin space \,. This often  has to be cancelled  with  \!, as has been observed  various  times:         I'd like to know why this explicit \, is there &ndash; what would go wrong without it?    From amsmath.dtx:  \newcommand{\start@aligned}[2]{%     \RIfM@\else         \nonmatherr@{\begin{\@currenvir}}%     \fi     \savecolumn@ % Assumption: called inside a group %    \end{macrocode} %    The \cs{null} here is to keep the \cs{,} glue from causing the %    invocation of the clause in \tex/'s built-in tag placement %    algorithm that can cause an equation to be shifted all the way over %    to the margin. %    \begin{macrocode}     \null\,% Multiple Inheritance in C# In JavaScript:  encodeURIComponent("©√") == "%C2%A9%E2%88%9A"   Is there an equivalent for C# applications? For escaping HTML characters I used:  txtOut.Text = Regex.Replace(txtIn.Text, @"[\u0080-\uFFFF]",     m =&gt; @"&amp;#" + ((int)m.Value[0]).ToString() + ";");   But I'm not sure how to convert the match to the correct hexadecimal format that JS uses. For example this code:  txtOut.Text = Regex.Replace(txtIn.Text, @"[\u0080-\uFFFF]",     m =&gt; @"%" + String.Format("{0:x}", ((int)m.Value[0])));   Returns "%a9%221a" for "©√" instead of "%C2%A9%E2%88%9A". It looks like I need to split the string up into bytes or something.  Edit: This is for a windows app, the only items available in System.Web are: AspNetHostingPermission, AspNetHostingPermissionAttribute, and AspNetHostingPermissionLevel. How do I edit/access Chrome app properties on GNOME?