How to make only the first character in each word uppercase in Perl
How can I capitalize the first letter of each word in a string in Perl?
How can we print line numbers to the log in java Askers should be able to close their own question as a duplicate Not every open set in $\mathbb{R}^n$, for $n\geq2$, is a disjoint union of countable open balls. I know that every open set in $\mathbb{R}$ can be decomposed as the union of countably many disjoint open intervals and I'm trying to show that this property no longer holds in higher dimensions. For this I'm trying to show that there is no countable, pairwise disjoint open balls whose union is the open square $(0, 1)^2 ⊂ \mathbb{R}^2$. I know that it is because of the corners, but I don't know how to write this in mathematical terms. Thanks for any help. I'm just going to throw this out there, but Google indexes Stack Overflow really quickly For example, I  after using Google to try to find an answer. I then turned back to Google and did a search for  and it was already the first result! Similar searches also put my question on the first page, usually in the top 5!  This is insanity. Did I get lucky and post just before an indexing? Is the popularity of SO leading to Google indexing extremely frequently? Or is Jeff using some kind of crazy SEO? Because of a former error in our ASP.Net application, created by my predecessor and undiscovered for a long time, thousands of wrong URLs where created dynamically. The normal user did not notice it, but Google followed these links and crawled itself through these incorrect URLs, creating more and more wrong links.  To make it clearer, consider the url     example.com/folder   should create the link     example.com/folder/subfolder   but was creating     example.com/subfolder   instead. Because of bad url rewriting, this was accepted and by default showed the index page for any unknown url, creating more and more links like this.     example.com/subfolder/subfolder/....   The problem is resolved by now, but now I have thousands of 404 errors listed in the Google Webmaster Tools, which got discovered 1 or 2 years ago, and more keep coming up.  Unfortunately the links do not follow a common pattern that I could deny for crawling in the robots.txt.  Is there anything I can do to stop google from trying out those very old links and remove the already listed 404s from Webmaster Tools? On approving an edit, I just get this pop up since morning. At first I thought there might be some internet connection issue, but this is now the 3rd to 4th time I got the same error; also, the review is accepted because on refresh I can see my name with approved text beside, but it still throws this error.    I am on a Windows 7 machine, running Firefox 24 (Icognito/Private Mode)    Also, this happens only when edit(1) is written on an question/answer, I don't go to review queue and approve, these reviews were directly loaded from the notification beneath the question/answer.  Martijn Pieters reproduced the problem from the review queue three times; each time the improve option was picked, accepting the suggested edit but editing the post some more. The network console shows that posting to https://stackoverflow.com/review/task-reviewed fails, the server responds with a 404 error:  Request headers: POST /review/task-reviewed HTTP/1.1 Host: stackoverflow.com Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 137 Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01 Origin: http://stackoverflow.com X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/31.0.1650.63 Safari/537.36 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded DNT: 1 Referer: https://stackoverflow.com/review/suggested-edits/3575396 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en,en-US;q=0.8,nl;q=0.6,nb;q=0.4,no;q=0.2,de;q=0.2,fr;q=0.2 Cookie: &lt;redacted&gt;  POST data: taskTypeId=1&amp;reviewTaskId=3575396&amp;taskResultTypeId=5&amp;fkey=f8791a329b445b658876f4d3afe7961e&amp;postCommentId=null&amp;taskResultSubtypeFlags=null  Response headers: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Cache-Control: private Pragma: no-cache Content-Type: application/json X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2013 12:04:53 GMT Content-Length: 0   On the  itself, no record is made of the accept; instead the suggested edit is recorded as approved by 3 people not including Martijn Pieters. In this case the improve review arrived too late.  In , improve again resulted in the error, but the Community account is shown rejecting the edit. I have iterate over numbers in various order. I am able to display them in increasing order, even with steps like:  $ seq --separator="," 1 10 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 $ seq --separator="," 1 2 10 1,3,5,7,9   I am also able to display them in reverse order, neither continuous nor step wise.  $ seq --separator="," 10 1    $ seq --separator="," 10 2 1   No output for above commands.   My shell details:  $ bash --version GNU bash, version 3.2.25(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.   Let me know how I would be able to display the numbers in descending order? In the inbox of the app, there is no way to differentiate between comments and answers as is in the global inbox of the website.  Could this be added? Example of $\deg(fg)<\deg(f)+\deg(g)$ Review counts in top-bar and /review don't match So far, I thought that the number shown in the orange box in the top-bar was the number of items available for review. However, when I acually visit /review, the numbers don't match:    Note that top-bar shows 15 items (?) but the queues only add up to 8.  Since I can't think of a reason for this being by design (which, as experience shows, is not a good indicator for "this is not an SE feature) I'm tentatively labelling this a (UI) bug. Standard deviation of binned observations I have a dataset of sample observations, stored as counts within range bins. e.g.:  min/max  count 40/44    1 45/49    2 50/54    3 55/59    4 70/74    1   Now, finding an estimate of the average from this is pretty straight forward.  Simply use the mean (or median) of each range bin as the observation and the count as a weight and find the weighted average:  $$\bar{x}^* = \frac{1}{\sum_{i=1}^N w_i} \sum_{i=1}^N w_ix_i$$  For my test case, this gives me 53.82.  My question now is, what's the correct method of finding the standard deviation (or variance)?  Through my searching, I've found several answers, but I'm unsure which, if any, is actually appropriate for my dataset.  I was able to find the following formula both  and .  $$s^{2*} = \frac{ \sum_{i=1}^N w_i (x_i - \bar{x}^*)^2 }{ \frac{(M-1)}{M} \sum_{i=1}^N w_i }$$  Which gives a standard deviation of 8.35 for my test case.  However, the Wikipedia article on  gives both the formula:  $$s^{2*} = \frac{ \sum_{i=1}^N w_i}{(\sum_{i=1}^N w_i)^2 - \sum_{i=1}^N w_i^2} \sum_{i=1}^N w_i(x_i-\bar{x}^*)^2$$  and  $$s^{2*} = \frac{1}{(\sum_{i=1}^N w_i) - 1} \sum_{i=1}^N w_i(x_i-\bar{x}^*)^2$$  Which give standard deviations of 8.66 and 7.83, respectively, for my test case.  Update  Thanks to @whuber who suggested looking into Sheppard's Corrections, and your helpful comments related to them.  Unfortunately, I'm having a difficult time understanding the resources I can find about it (and I can't find any good examples).  To recap though, I understand that the following is a biased estimate of variance:  $$s^{2*} = \frac{1}{\sum_{i=1}^N w_i} \sum_{i=1}^N w_i(x_i-\bar{x}^*)^2$$  I also understand that most standard corrections for the bias are for direct random samples of a normal distribution.  Therefore, I see two potential issues for me:   These are binned random samples (which, I'm pretty sure, is where Sheppard's Corrections come in.)  It's unknown whether or not the data is for a normal distribution (thus I'm assuming not, which, I'm pretty sure, invalidates Sheppard's Corrections.)   So, my updated question is; What's the appropriate method for handling the bias imposed by the "simple" weighted standard deviation/variance formula on a non-normal distribution? Most specifically with regards to binned data.  Note: I'm using the following terms:     $s^{2*}$ is the weighted variance   $N$ is the number of observations.  (i.e. the number of bins) $M$ is the number of nonzero weights.  (i.e. the number of bins with counts) $w_i$ are the weights  (i.e. the counts) $x_i$ are the observations.  (i.e. the bin means) $\bar{x}^*$ is the weighted mean. Can someone please explain the difference between the protected and protected internal modifiers in C#? It looks like their behavior is identical. TeXShop and Mac preview crashing when opening latex/beamer built pdfs After updating to Sierra 10.12.4 last week, TeXShop crashes:   when opening an existing .tex document that has a pdf associated to it immediately after compiling a new document, i.e. as soon as a pdf is created.   Furthermore, preview crashes opening almost any pdf that has been created with TeXShop. There is virtually nothing on the internet about it, and the only solution seems to be a complete reinstall of MacOSX (so as to reinstall the supposedly broken preview), which I'd like to avoid if at all possible.  Someone else has described a similar issue, but has not received any responses ().  I would be very grateful for some help, as I can neither produce work, nor look at any at the moment. Many thanks! Is osmosis a kind of thermal machine? The hyperphysics article defines osmosis as a process driven by internal energy and internal energy is defined as energy associated with random,disordered motion of molecules. Osmosis develops pressure and lifts weight so it has the output of a machine.  But what drives osmosis? Is osmosis driven at the expense of thermal energy although there is no temperature gradient? Add folder name to beginning of filename On some Microsoft Access queries, I get the following message:  Operation must use an updatable query. (Error 3073).  I work around it by using temporary tables, but I'm wondering if there's a better way.  All the tables involved have a primary key. Here's the code:  UPDATE CLOG SET CLOG.NEXTDUE = (     SELECT H1.paidthru      FROM CTRHIST as H1     WHERE H1.ACCT = clog.ACCT AND     H1.SEQNO = (         SELECT MAX(SEQNO)          FROM CTRHIST          WHERE CTRHIST.ACCT = Clog.ACCT AND          CTRHIST.AMTPAID &gt; 0 AND         CTRHIST.DATEPAID &lt; CLOG.UPDATED_ON     ) ) WHERE CLOG.NEXTDUE IS NULL; `find` with multiple `-name` and `-exec` executes only the last matches of `-name` When I'm using  find . -type f -name "*.htm*" -o -name "*.js*" -o -name "*.txt"  it finds all the types of file. But when I add -exec at the end:  find . -type f -name "*.htm*" -o -name "*.js*" -o -name "*.txt" -exec sh -c 'echo "$0"' {} \;  it seems it only prints .txt files. What am I doing wrong?  Note: using MINGW (Git Bash) Get selected text from a drop-down list (select box) using jQuery I've lost my portal home, and I am invincible. How can I leave the nether? I've gone into the Nether and seemed to have lost my portal out of it, I also can't die in lava or by mobs attacking me, I'm appear to be invincible and can't die.  This is Single Player by the way.  Why is this happening? What does "if not" mean in the given sentence Let there be given this sentence (which came from an ):     The contest has become personalised, if not bitter.   Then what does the phrase if not mean?   Seeking after is a general guide or rule of such usage.