Fan startup Ubuntu
How to control fan speed?
I consider the co-finite topology on $\mathbb{R}$ that is $$\{G\subset \mathbb{R}, card(\mathbb{R}\setminus G)&lt;+\infty\}\cup \{\emptyset\}$$  What are the convergent sequences in this space .  thank you Offline update of Windows? What options, if any, exist for offline update of Microsoft  Windows?  If a solution exists please list your experience using it.    Background:  If for any reason a computer does not have a connection to  the Internet or the connection is too slow to download  several hundreds of megabytes every so often some kind of  offline Windows Update is required.  In a multi-computer environment a lot of bandwidth (and thus in some cases money) and/or  time could also be saved if it is possible to update in an  offline manner. Sum of First $n$ Squares Equals $\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}$ "Nikki's and Alice's X" vs. "Nikki and Alice's X" What is the difference between apt and apt-get? Equivalent of typedef in C# Is there a typedef equivalent in C#, or someway to get some sort of similar behaviour? I've done some googling, but everywhere I look seems to be negative. Currently I have a situation similar to the following:  class GenericClass&lt;T&gt;  {     public event EventHandler&lt;EventData&gt; MyEvent;     public class EventData : EventArgs { /* snip */ }     // ... snip }   Now, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out that this can very quickly lead to a lot of typing (apologies for the horrible pun) when trying to implement a handler for that event. It'd end up being something like this:  GenericClass&lt;int&gt; gcInt = new GenericClass&lt;int&gt;; gcInt.MyEvent += new EventHandler&lt;GenericClass&lt;int&gt;.EventData&gt;(gcInt_MyEvent); // ...  private void gcInt_MyEvent(object sender, GenericClass&lt;int&gt;.EventData e) {     throw new NotImplementedException(); }   Except, in my case, I was already using a complex type, not just an int. It'd be nice if it were possible to simplify this a little...  Edit: ie. perhaps typedefing the EventHandler instead of needing to redefine it to get similar behaviour. Development with git branches/ gitflow and new modules I wonder if somebody found a solution for the following issue related to Drupal 8 development with Git branches:   You work on a new feature in a local feature branch for that you activate a contributed module or you write a custom module. This maybe delivers an own entity type and therefore creates a table after installing Meanwhile you need to fix a bug -> you change to a newly created bugfix branch which starts from the current dev branch After checking out the bugfix branch you import the current configurations to have the current active configuration of the branch -> the module you installed in feature branch is not activated anymore, the files of this module do not exist in the current bugfix branch You do your bugfixing and merge ths bugfix branch into develop branch. you change to your feature branch. To bring your local Drupal project to the status of this branch again you will import the configurations again   And here it comes to an exception: the table already exists in your database. When doing a drush cim it stops every following processing and you need to restart drush cim to import any further configurations.  Who does work with different feature branches and found a solution during development process to deal with this kind of situation? What has been proved about the big bang, and what has not? Ok so the universe is in constant expansion, that has been proven, right? And that means that it was smaller in the past.. But what's the smallest size we can be sure the universe has ever had?  I just want to know what's the oldest thing we are sure about. UV map / model turned black on saving - how to recover? In the middle of touching up a new texture, I pressed save and suddenly my textures all turned black on the model and UV texture - just vanished.  I tried reopening the file in another instance of Blender, I tried to CtrlZ too and it just did this weird patchy thing on my texture.   How do I recover it and what did I do wrong? Debug JavaScript within IE6 When I place a multipage pdf file into InDesign CC, the pages go outside of my document settings, making this function useless.  What do I have to do to make the placed  pdf pages go within my document settings, which in this case is 11 in. Length X 8.5 in. width, .5 in. margins on all sides, with two columns per page. I would greatly appreciate an answer to this, Thank you. Completely clear all output from a Terminal window Problems with Curve Modifier Every time I think I have the curve modifier mastered, it throws me a another curve ball (no pun intended).  Why in  can I not get the lights to follow the spiral curve? When the modifier is activated, the lights are stretched and distorted along the curve.  I created the curve by converting it from a mesh (string of verts). Why does it not display like a normal Bezier? Is that related to my problem?  I am following all the "rules" that I am aware of, as detailed here: . The curve seems to run in the correct direction. The origin point is at the first point of the curve. The curve modifier on the lights is set to -Y which is the local orientation of the curve's direction.  What am I missing? I wish to calculate the volumes of a truncated cone whith asymetry over all axes and ellipses as base and top - how do I do that?  I have height and radii of the corresponding ellipses. (I assume correctly I need the geometric means of the 2 radii describing the ellipsis.)  Kind Regards Why does it take so long for a computer monitor to change resolution? Why does it take 2-3 seconds rather than, say, 50 ms?  E.g. my current Windows 7 with strong GPU and 24 inch monitor takes 2-3 seconds. Why so long? I know some might say "it's JUST 2 seconds", but come on... Games produce hundreds of FPS, and monitors work at 60 Hz, so what is it that takes so much time?  I remember this was the same in just about any machine I ever worked with. Every time Windows 10 runs updates (which I see no way to control), it updates my graphics driver.  I like the old one because it is faster.  So, I have to reinstall it.  This is getting to be a pain.  Is there any way to stop Windows 10 from updating it again? Background - I am doing my PhD in atmospheric physics/photobiology.  Here is a scenario:   The experiments are complete - the results are far better than expected  Successfully got the computer program to work properly and have developed another Papers are published Much of the thesis is drafted   The light at the end of the tunnel is most definitely no longer an oncoming train.  But, at this stage, you just don't feel like working on the thesis, you do other things like cleaning, reading, watching movies - procrastination gets worse, and worse despite the submission deadline coming closer.     The procrastination resulting in more apathy towards the project, despite being fully aware of how much work has been put into the project, how much has been achieved and how little, comparatively, needs to be done.  What strategies are there to overcome this academic-apathy, particularly in this late stage of the thesis? Question on the coefficients of $(1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4)^{496}$ Consider the expansion $$(1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4)^{496} = a_0+a_1x+\cdots+a_{1984}x^{1984}.$$   $\quad$ (a) Determine the greatest common divisor of the coefficients $a_3,a_8,a_{13},\ldots,a_{1983}$.      $\quad$ (b) Prove that $10^{340} &lt; a_{992} &lt; 10^{347}$.   Is there an easier way to solve this and is there a formula for the multisection for just the sum of the coefficients and not including $x^k$?  I thought of using the Multisection formula to prove (a). That is, $$\sum_{k \equiv r \pmod{m}}a_kx^k = \dfrac{1}{m} \sum_{s=0}^{m-1} \epsilon^{-rs} f(\epsilon^s x)$$ where $\epsilon$ is a primitive $m$th root of unity and $\displaystyle f(x) = (1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4)^{496}$.  Thus we have $r = 3, m = 5$ and so \begin{align*}\sum_{k \equiv 3 \pmod{5}}a_kx^k &amp;= \frac{1}{5} \sum_{s=0}^{4} w^{-3s} (1+w^s x+(w^{s}x)^2+(w^{s} x)^3+(w^{s}x)^4)^{496}\\&amp;=\dfrac{1}{5}\sum_{s=0}^4 w^{-3s}\left(\dfrac{(w^s x)^{5}-1}{w^s x-1}\right)^{496}\\&amp;= \dfrac{1}{5}\sum_{s=0}^4 w^{-3s} \left(\dfrac{x^{5}-1}{w^s x-1}\right)^{496}.\end{align*} Inverting Polygons using QGIS? I have a Shapefile with Polygon features  representing the world's land areas (continents, islands).   Is it possible to invert these, and get a geometry that represents the world's oceans and seas?   So the original land Polygons need to become rings in a single global Polygon that covers the planet.  Basically, I'm looking for something like Select > Inverse in Photoshop.   I am using QGIS. Database general error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away Recently I started getting an error every time I try and add a content no matter what type.  This is the error that shows up in the browser:     Additional uncaught exception thrown while handling exception.        Original   PDOException: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away: SELECT COUNT(cid) FROM {comment} WHERE status = :status; Array ( [:status] =&gt; 0 ) in comment_count_unpublished() (line 313 of /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/modules/comment/comment.module).        Additional      PDOException: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away: INSERT INTO {watchdog} (uid, type, message, variables, severity, link, location, referer, hostname, timestamp) VALUES (:db_insert_placeholder_0, :db_insert_placeholder_1, :db_insert_placeholder_2, :db_insert_placeholder_3, :db_insert_placeholder_4, :db_insert_placeholder_5, :db_insert_placeholder_6, :db_insert_placeholder_7, :db_insert_placeholder_8, :db_insert_placeholder_9); Array ( [:db_insert_placeholder_0] =&gt; 1 [:db_insert_placeholder_1] =&gt; php [:db_insert_placeholder_2] =&gt; %type: !message in %function (line %line of %file). [:db_insert_placeholder_3] =&gt; a:6:{s:5:&quot;%type&quot;;s:12:&quot;PDOException&quot;;s:8:&quot;!message&quot;;s:154:&quot;SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away: SELECT COUNT(cid) FROM {comment} WHERE status = :status; Array ( [:status] =&amp;gt; 0 ) &quot;;s:9:&quot;%function&quot;;s:27:&quot;comment_count_unpublished()&quot;;s:5:&quot;%file&quot;;s:56:&quot;/Applications/MAMP/htdocs/modules/comment/comment.module&quot;;s:5:&quot;%line&quot;;i:313;s:14:&quot;severity_level&quot;;i:3;} [:db_insert_placeholder_4] =&gt; 3 [:db_insert_placeholder_5] =&gt; [:db_insert_placeholder_6] =&gt; ; [:db_insert_placeholder_7] =&gt;  [:db_insert_placeholder_8] =&gt; 127.0.0.1 [:db_insert_placeholder_9] =&gt; 1338336955 ) in dblog_watchdog() (line 154 of /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/modules/dblog/dblog.module).   I also get the following error in my php error file:     PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught exception 'PDOException' with message 'SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away' in /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc:2136        Stack trace:   0 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc(2136): PDOStatement->execute(Array)   1 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc(664): DatabaseStatementBase->execute(Array, Array)   2 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc(2315): DatabaseConnection->query('SELECT expire, ...', Array, Array)   3 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/lock.inc(167): db_query('SELECT expire, ...', Array)   4 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/lock.inc(146): lock_may_be_available('theme_registry:...')   5 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/theme.inc(447): lock_acquire('theme_registry:...')   6 /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/bootstrap.inc(427): ThemeRegistry->set(Array)   7 [internal function]: DrupalCacheArray->__destruct()   8 {main}         thrown in /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/includes/database/database.inc on line 2136   I am having a little trouble deciphering these error messages. Could anyone help me understand what's going on here?