Pythonic way of ensuring that input argument to a function is int/str?
What's the canonical way to check for type in Python?
Do gravitons interact with each other? I always thought the non-linearity of Einsteins field equations implies that there should be direct graviton-graviton interactions. But I stumbled upon  which argues:     If gravitons exist, then, like photons and unlike gluons, gravitons do   not interact with other particles of their kind. That is, gravitons   carry the force of gravitation but are not affected by it. This is   apparent due to gravity being the only thing which escapes from black   holes, in addition to having an infinite range and traveling in   straight lines, similarly to electromagnetism.   Is Wikipedia correct? If not, why not? And what then are the arguments that there must be graviton-graviton interactions?    (As of this question being asked, the above paragraph has been removed from Wikipedia.) Table with multiple merging Evaluate $\int \frac{1}{(x^2+1)^2}dx$ $$\int \frac{1}{(x^2+1)^2}\mathrm dx$$ Look simple, but I stuck a little bit. What method is better in this situation? Please, help. Single quotes vs. double quotes in Python According to the documentation, they're pretty much interchangeable.  Is there a stylistic reason to use one over the other? My significant other and I finish our master degrees at the same time and thus we are applying for PhD programmes at the same time. One major factor of accepting a potential offer would be if we could study at the same university, so I feel that mentioning a two-body problem would be advantageous for both, us and the admission committee. But where do I mention this? Is a line in the statement of purpose suitable here?     If you admit me, please also consider admitting my significant other Jane Roe.   Some additional information: We both do research in computer science. While I do research in natural language processing my partner does research in computer vision. conjunction of disjunctions and disjunction of conjunctions $(p∨q) ∧ (p∨r) ∧ (q∨r) \iff (p∧q) ∨ (p∧r) ∨ (q∧r)$  Without using set theory, how can I prove this using logical equivalences? I've tried to approach this problem with De Morgan and I've also tried the property of distributivity but I keep reaching a dead end.   How should I approach this problem?  Thank  you. Does anyone know how to model a depletion mode N channel MOSFET in spice?  I have looked online however the majority of resources have shown how to model a depletion type or enhancement type. I specifically want to model a FET that is fully on when there is a 0 Vgs voltage.  Resources i've looked at This morning I started my Google Chrome browser as I do every day. The text size was suddenly bigger than normal, on all sites. I did not change any setting anywhere.  If I set the zoom to 90% it looks fine, but this breaks various things (e.g. Stack Exchange chat) so prefer to avoid it if possible.  Setting font size to Small in Chrome Settings also help, but it's too small.  I have uninstalled Chrome (deleting local data) and installed again, same thing. Tried beta channel as well, no change.  Windows 7 OS 64 bit, Display set to 125% from the very beginning. (Did not change this for years)  What could have caused this and how can it be solved?  This very question turns out to be a good example to demonstrate what I mean:        While the body itself is small (as I changed the font size in Settings), other things are still huge and not affected by the setting. How to get Lookup ID from Search API with REST Reviewing suggested edit of own post after completing 20 reviews I've completed 20 suggested edits reviews today. Then, I came across a  and I approved it.   Then, I had a doubt that whether the review count has incremented or not, oh! it's not incrementing. System works fine.  But, take a look at review page,     The edit was already reviewed by one reviewer and then I reviewed it. As I'm the Owner of the post it's enough to approve the edit. But, the review history doesn't show the detail that I had approved it. It's misleading that only one vote of a reviewer who is neither the community user nor the OP nor the moderator, is enough.  So, what should we do in this type of situation?  Is it correct to make OP to review the suggested edit after completing daily limit?  Should we need to display/hide the OP has approved the edit in the review history? Possible Duplicate:          I am trying to troubleshoot my webcam and make it work with skype.  One workaround that is often suggested is to LD_PRELOAD the v4l1compat.so file. But when trying that, I get an error message:  fdr@maggie:~$ LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so skype ERROR: ld.so: object '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded: ignored.   and I am rather sure the path is correct:  fdr@maggie:~$ ls /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l/v4l1compat.so   and the kernel and skype have matching architecture:  fdr@maggie:~$ uname -a Linux maggie 3.2.0-29-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 27 17:03:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux fdr@maggie:~$ dpkg -s skype | grep Architecture Architecture: amd64   So my question is:  What is causing the "... from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded: ignored" error message? Since my previous questions were not answered I will try to ask again more precisely.  I previously had the Nvidia driver installed and working correctly.  Then the ubuntu software update did something which broke it.  In fact, it completely de-configured it so that the standard display driver is used when the computer reboots.  I would like to re-enable the existing Nvidia  driver without re-installing the Nvidia driver.  How do I do that?  This machine is no longer connected to the internet.  NOTE: I am not asking how to disable automatic updates in this question.  I asked that elsewhere (and it wasn't answered).  NOTE: I am not asking how to stop the Ubuntu software updater from breaking the Nvidia driver the next time it updates the system.  That would be nice to know, but I asked that already and did not receive the correct answer either.  NOTE: Please don't make this as duplicate simply because someone else asked a question about Ubuntu and the software updater.  Try to read the actual question and see how it's different and try to realize how annoying it is when users have to spend hours of their own time to correct the problems that other people causing by incorrectly designing software updaters. Package dbus is not configured yet Did my workflow run on item changed or item creation? Plot Option Precedence while combining Plots with Show[] Adjective, if adjective: eg "pointed, if fatherly" They were pointed, if fatherly, remarks that echoed the themes he has stressed in his papacy but ones that resonated all the more in a newly renovated cathedral surrounded by the luxurious shops of Fifth Avenue. —   I'm not sure the meaning of the phrase &quot;if fatherly&quot; in the above sentence. I'm not familiar with the syntax using the structure 'adjective, if adjective'. I cannot find the Polygon Neighbors tool. I have searched for it as I usually do and I have also browsed the proximity toolset but it is not there. The other Tools, e.g. Buffer and Near are there and work fine. Here is a screenshot: Accessing localhost (xampp) from another computer over LAN network - how to? I have just set up a wi-fi network at home. I have all my files on my desktop computer (192.168.1.56) and want to access localhost over there from another computer (192.168.1.2).  On my desktop I can access localhost through the normal . Apache is running on port 80 as usual.  Exactly what do I have to do to achieve this? There is documentation on the net but they either don't work or are too fragment and confusing to understand.  I think I have to make changes to my apache's httpd.conf file and the hosts file. Any ideas as to what changes to make? List of all active modules used in a site What is the best way to iterate over a dictionary?