Bibdesk citing [?] instead of a proper citation
Question mark or bold citation key instead of citation number
Change the font of figure captions I would like to italicize my figure captions and make them smaller.  How can I do that? There are several reasons to be looking for a ROM:   Upgrading or downgrading your stock ROM Looking for firmware from a different region/language Flashing a custom ROM for different features, removing bloat, etc.   But where can one find ROMs in the first place?  What sites are likely to have the ROM I need?  ; please add to the wiki answer instead of posting separate answers.  See also: Proving $\, a^b = (a\bmod n)^b\, \pmod{\!n}\ $ [Congruence Power Rule] I am working on a problem I am pretty close to solving but I can't figure out the last part. I used some algebraic manipluation to break the problem down. The problem is:     Show that the following congruence is true      a^b = ((a mod n)^b) (mod n)      for any positive integers a, b, and n.      Hint: Number a can be written as a = q*n + r, where q = floor brackets a/n, and r = a mod n.   My attempt it:     (q*n +r)^b = ((a mod n)^b) * (mod n)      (q*n)^b + (a mod n)^b = ((a mod n) ^b) * (mod n)      (a)^b -(r)^b = ((a mod n) ^b) * (mod n)      (a)^b = modn  ----> divided by ((a mod n)^b)   Am I doing this correctly and if so how can I prove this is true? Is there a trick I am missing? I think that by simplifying it further I would just keep going in a loop.  Thanks! Joining lots of small polygons to form larger polygon using PostGIS? Consider the atomic spectrum (absorption) of hydrogen.     The Bohr's model postulates that there are only certain fixed orbits allowed in the atom. An atom will only be excited to a higher orbit, if it is supplied with light that precisely matches the difference in energies between the two orbits.   But how precise does 'precisely' mean. Of course, if we need energy $E$ to excite the electron to a higher energy level, and I supply a photon with just $E/2$ I would expect nothing to happen (since the electron cannot occupy an orbit between the allowed ones). But what if I supplied a photon with energy $0.99E$, or $1.0001E$ or some such number. What will happen then?  I think that the electron should still undergo excitation precisely because the lines we observe in the line spectrum have some thickness. Which means that for a given transition, the atom absorbs frequencies in a certain range.   Is my reasoning correct? If not, why? How does Bohr's model explain this? How about modern theory?   If I'm right, what is the range of values that an atom can 'accept' for a given transition? The proof of shrinking coefficients using ridge regression through "spectral decomposition" I have understood how ridge regression shrinks coefficients towards zero geometrically. Moreover I know how to prove that in the special "Orthonormal Case," but I am confused how that works in the general case via "Spectral decomposition." Tools to get a pictorial function call graph of code Suppose $p$  and $p^2+2$ are prime numbers, prove that $p^3+2$ is also a prime number. Actually I do not know what is the relationship among square numbers, cube numbers and prime numbers What is duplicate content and how can I avoid being penalized for it on my site? Who is the Lord, as referred to in the title? Frodo? Sauron? Someone else? Or is it more of an abstract title, not referring to a single person, like "He who wields the One Ring"? Avoid large spaces between text and equations I use the options  \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.25} \setlength{\parskip}{0pt} \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}    in the preamble of my document and most of the time the document looks like intended. Once in a while though, especially when I use multiline-equations, I get huge spaces right before and after the equation and the surrounding text, for example:    Is there any way I can avoid that without removing the \parskip option? Preferred languages: C/C++, Java, and Ruby.  I am looking for some helpful books/tutorials on how to write your own compiler simply for educational purposes. I am most familiar with C/C++, Java, and Ruby, so I prefer resources that involve one of those three, but any good resource is acceptable. I have recently imported books into Canada from Japan.  As I bought in excess of 5000¥, the purchase was tax free and the receipt was stapled to my passport and stamped.  Since I've now come back to Canada and no issues occurred with my imports, Is it safe to remove the receipts from my passport?  As it was stamped and stapled, there will remain a trace that something was there. Could this cause problems when I return to Japan at a later time? Is there any way to favorite/bookmark an answer? Lots of questions are very generic, &quot;share an experience&quot; kinds of questions. In these cases, I am quite often interested in specific answers that may not have gotten that many upvotes. These questions also tend to elicit lots of responses, so going back to find the answers I'm interested in somewhere in the middle of a sea of responses is a pain. Is there a way to favorite or bookmark these answers? Just a curiosity. I just saw a video where pi was being calculated by the series  $$1-(1/3)+(1/5)-(1/7)+...$$  My question is how can $\pi$ be irrational if we can calculate it using rational numbers? Solve $p_4(x) = x^4 −(2m + 4)x^2 + (m−2)^2 $such that $p_4$ is a product of two non-constant integer-coeficient polynomials I'm having trouble getting the starting idea for a problem I've been presented with:  I need to find values for m (integer) such that the following polynomial     $p_4(x) = x^4 −(2m + 4)x^2 + (m−2)^2$; $m$ is integer   can be described as the product of two non-constant integer-coeficient polynomials.  Any help/pointers/tips on how to go about this are greatly appreciated!  Edit: I meant polynomials with integer coeficients, but for some reason typed positive. Where should I put my bash scripts Forecast total for a year given monthly time series I have a monthly time series (for 2009-2012 non-stationary, with seasonality). I can use ARIMA (or ETS) to obtain point and interval forecasts for each month of 2013, but I am interested in forecasting the total for the whole year, including prediction intervals. Is there an easy way in R to obtain interval forecasts for the total for 2013? How does the bounty system work? It's possible to offer and award bounties of reputation on questions.   What is a bounty? How can I find questions that have a bounty attached? How do I start a bounty? When can I start a bounty? Why is the system requiring me to choose a bounty amount that's higher than the minimum? Can I use Markdown formatting in the bounty remarks? Can I edit the remark? How long is the bounty period? How do I award a bounty? Can I award a bounty to my own answer? Can I award a bounty to an old answer? If I offer a bounty on someone else's question, can I award the bounty to their answer? After awarding the bounty, can I remove it or move it to another answer at a later time? What happens if there's no answer after the bounty period? What happens if I feel my question is still unanswered? What is automatic awarding? Are bounty awards exempt from the 200 points/day reputation limit? How does Community Wiki mode affect bounties? How does user deletion or post dissociation affect bounties? Can I award a bounty to an answer from a deleted user or one where the author was dissociated? Can I offer a second bounty after the first one has expired? Can I raise my bounty? What happens if a bounty question is closed or deleted? Why can't I vote to close or migrate a bounty question? What happens if I delete my account while I have an active bounty? Do I keep an awarded bounty when I delete my answer? What happens if a question where I awarded a bounty later gets deleted or migrated? Can I cancel my bounty? Can I affect / divide / share part of my bounty to two (or more) users? How many outstanding bounties can a single user have?      See also:  in the Help Center I'm working in Lee's book on topological manifolds and have gotten stumped on the first question in chapter 5, the chapter on cell complexes.  The problem is:   Let $D$ and $D'$ be two closed cells not necessarily of the same dimension.     Show that any continuous map $f:\partial D \to \partial D'$ can be extended to a continuous map $F:D \to D'$ such that $F(Int \; D) \subseteq Int \; D'$. Given points $p \in Int \; D$ and $p' \in Int \; D'$, show that $F$ can be chosen so $F(p) = p'$. Show that if $f$ is a homeomorphism then $F$ can be chosen to be a homeomorphism.   I proved the first part roughly as follows: First suppose $D$ and $D'$ are convex and each contain $0$ in their interior (in their respective ambient spaces).  Then every element other than $0$ in $D$ can be expressed uniquely in the form $\lambda q$ where $q \in \partial D$ and $\lambda\in (0,1]$ (an equivalence relation on the chords connecting $0$ to boundary points partitions $D- \{0\}$).  I then define the map $F(\lambda q) = \lambda f(q)$ which is continuous since if $\lambda_n q_n \to \lambda q$ in $D$ then $F(\lambda_n q_n) \to F(\lambda q)$.  Lastly $\lambda q \in Int \; D$ implies $\lambda &lt;1$ and so $\lambda f(q)$ is an interior point of $D'$ since $f(q)$ is a boundary point and $D'$ is convex.    Now if we suppose $D$ and $D'$ are arbitrary closed cells there are homeomorphisms $g_1: \overline{\mathbb{B}^n} \to D$ and $g_2: \overline{\mathbb{B}^m} \to D'$ (where possibly $m=n$) then we have that $g_2^{-1}\circ f \circ g_1$ is a continuous map between the boundaries of two closed balls and so by the first part can be extended to a continuous map $F:\overline{\mathbb{B}^n} \to \overline{\mathbb{B}^m}$.  The mapping $g_2 \circ F \circ g_1^{-1}$ is a continuous map that satisfies the desired claim.    My issue is that parts 2 and 3 don't seem (to me at least) to follow that easily from the proof I constructed.  Maybe my proof is wrong and I'm not seeing it, but more likely I think that I'm missing the spirit in which Lee is intending for us to approach this problem.