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How can I prevent someone from resetting my password with a Live CD? Recently one of my friends came over to my place, within 15 minutes he hacked my account using a Live CD and reset the password in front of me. I was baffled to see such a thing. Please guide me to prevent such a future attempt using a Live CD. This question led to a new package:      I wish to typeset some relatively long URLs in a piece of text, and when I use \url{..}, the resulting text does not respect the margin boundaries that govern the main text body, instead going all the way to the edge of the paper before wrapping around.   For reference, my preamble looks like this:  \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{mathptmx} \usepackage{fullpage} \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref}   and example of the url I'm including is:  \begin{itemize} \item Some text  \url{very-long-url} ... \end{itemize}   I'm compiling using pdflatex, although I doubt this makes a difference. Join CSV file to shapefile I wanted to join a CSV file to a shapefile.  When I identified a field to facilitate the join, e.g.,   map &lt;- spChFIDs(map, as.character(map$ID))   it returned     Error in spChFIDs(SP, x) : lengths differ   Can anyone advise? Removing elements with Array.map in JavaScript I would like to filter an array of items by using the map() function. Here is a code snippet:  var filteredItems = items.map(function(item) {     if( ...some condition... )     {         return item;     } });   The problem is that filtered out items still uses space in the array and I would like to completely wipe them out.  Any idea?  EDIT: Thanks, I forgot about filter(), what I wanted is actually a filter() then a map().  EDIT2: Thanks for pointing that map() and filter() are not implemented in all browsers, although my specific code was not intended to run in a browser. Helllo!  For a project that I am doing, I need to render the my model to a sprite sheet. This is all fine, except that the model has a cloak, which uses a cloth animation. I need to smoothly transition from the end of the cloth simulation to the start, so it doesn't just jerk back, but I can't find any way of doing this.  Thanks in advance. Can I acquire a Windows 8.1 licence by free upgrade from 7 to 10, then downgrading So, I have Windows 7 pro, and I'm looking to upgrade so that I can use some of the apps that are only available in Windows 8+. I considered just taking advantage of the free Windows 10 upgrade, and actually installed it at one point, but then I found out that there's forced automatic updates and decided that wasn't for me(I'm a bit paranoid after Android 4.4.4 killed Flash Player without telling me. :P). So, I did some research.   From what I read, the Windows 10 upgrade "consumes" your Windows 7 license into a Windows 10 license, and so even if you revert back after upgrading then you can still change your mind later and jump back to Windows 10. () I also read that Windows 10 has "downgrade" rights to Windows 8 and Windows 7, which to my understanding meant that if you have a Windows 10 key, you can also use it to install Windows 8 or 7 if you want. ()  My plan for the process is re-upgrade to 10, pull the license key, downgrade to 8 and use the license key, then upgrade to 8.1 via Windows Store, and end up on 8.1. So my questions are: Is this possible?  Will it wipe all my data in the process?(not a dealbreaker if it does, but I'd need to know that so I can back it up) Do I need to re-upgrade to 10 in order to downgrade to 8?  Any input is definitely appreciated. Thanks! Openlayers v4.0.1 support Google Maps Javascript API? I want to know if the latest version of Openlayers (v4.0.1) supports Google Maps as a Tile Layer. I can't find any document ion about this. If Openlayers doesn't support Google Maps, could someone  tell me if there is any way to do this? I have two passports/nationalities. How do I use them when I travel? We have a SQL Server 2012 instance that contains a database with data for many product lines.   We are looking for a way to take subsets of this data into another database on the same instance.  This doesn't have to be continuous as we are looking for ways to make it easy to export backups of the subsets that we can send out to vendors (we have a company that loads this data into their own sql server to produce a product we sell, naturally its huge and we want to trim it down to just the product lines they work with on a regular enough basis) or use to load SQLite DB's for use with offline applications.  ProductDB - the superset of all product line data.  ProductLine1DB - A subset identical in structure to ProductDB, but with data only relevant to product line 1.  ProductLine2DB - A subset identical in structure to ProductDB, but with data only relevant to product line 2.  This can be done nightly, weekly, as often as we need to but not a continuous replication.  We don't want to add in distributor servers or even extra subscriber servers. We would like the replication to happen on the same server with the subscriber databases being on the same server.  Is this a good candidate for transactional replication?  Why or why not?  We obviously have other options to load this data, but it seems like this might be a good case to use something like transactional replication. I've heard its powerful but prone to issues when not setup optimally.  Note: I am not a DBA, simply a developer, but we are currently looking for a new DBA and some of us are taking over duties like this temporarily. Procedural texture for longitudinal lines What is the 'Badlock Bug'? A user on the Ask Ubuntu General Room posted a link to . After some googling around, all I can find is that it is a mysterious security bug, that uses the same website template as Heartbleed.  I manage Linux Servers, a mysterious security bug does not sit well with me. What exactly is it, and how can I protect my servers from it? Show timestamp of a vote in the tooltip when mousing over it What really causes light/photons to appear slower in media? I know that if we solve the Maxwell equation, we will end up with the phase velocity of light being related to the permeability and the permittivity of the material. But this is not what I'm interested in - I want to go deeper than that. We know that the real speed of light is actually not changing, the decrease in speed is just apparent. Material is mostly empty, the light will still travel with $c$ in the spacing. The rare atoms will disturb the light in some way. So I am interested in how the atoms affect the light. Photon absorption-emission theory Some textbooks that I read explain it in a way kind of like this: In a material the photons are absorbed by atom and then re-emitted a short time later, then they travel a short distance to the next atom and get absorbed&amp;emitted again and so on. How quickly the atoms in a material can absorb and re-emit the photon and how dense the atoms decides the apparent speed of light in that material. So the light appears slower because it has a smaller “drift speed”. Interference theory But recently I realize an alternative explanation: Atoms respond to the light by radiating electromagnetic wave. This “new light” interferes with the “old light” in some way that results in delayed light (advanced in phase), this can easily be shown by using simple phasor diagram. Consequently effectively the light covers a smaller phase each second, which gives the impression of a lower phase velocity. However the group velocity is changing in a complicated way. I think that the first explanation does not explain the change in phase velocity of light. if we consider light travelling into a slab of negative refractive index non-dispersive material, let’s say the light is directed perpendicular to the slab. The phase velocity’s direction will be flipped, but group velocity’s direction in the material will not change. Only the second explanation can explain the flipped phase velocity direction. I guess that the velocity that we get in the first explanation is actually belongs to the group velocity. It makes sense to me that the front most of the photon stream determines the first information that the light delivers. So the question is What really cause the phase velocity of light to be decreased?  &quot;drift velocity&quot; of photons (they aren't the same photons, they are re-emitted all the time) phase difference between absorbed and emitted light something else  And also, I still don't really understand detailed explanation of the absorption-emission process for small light's wavelength (for large lambda compare to the atoms spacing, the photons will be absorbed by the phonons). The dispersion relation that we know is continuous and also some material is non-dispersive, therefore the absorption process must occur in all frequency for a certain range. So definitely it doesn't involve the atomic transition, otherwise it will be quantized. My guess is that the relevant absorption process gets smooth out by the dipole moment. What makes the spectrum continuous? EDIT: link for dispersion relation: Why does the 'b' in absorb change to a 'p' in absorption? How does the momentum operator act on state kets? I have been going through some problems in Sakurai's Modern QM and at one point have to calculate $\langle \alpha|\hat{p}|\alpha\rangle$ where all we know about the state $|\alpha\rangle$ is that $$\langle x|\alpha\rangle=f(x)$$ for some known function $f$. ($|\alpha\rangle$ is a Gaussian wave packet.) Sakurai says that this is given by:  $$\langle p\rangle = \int\limits_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\langle\alpha|x\rangle\left(-i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial x}\right)\langle x|\alpha\rangle dx.$$  I am wondering how we get to this expression. I know that we can express   $$|\alpha\rangle =\int dx|x\rangle\langle x|\alpha\rangle$$  and  $$\langle\alpha|=\int dx\langle\alpha|x\rangle\langle x|,$$   so my thinking is that we have:  $$\langle\alpha|\hat{p}|\alpha\rangle =\iint dx dx'\langle\alpha|x\rangle\langle x|\hat{p}|x'\rangle \langle x'|\alpha\rangle, $$  and if we can 'commute' $|x\rangle$ and $\hat{p}$ this would become: $$\iint dxdx'\langle\alpha |x\rangle\hat{p}\langle x|x'\rangle \langle x'|\alpha\rangle,$$  which is the desired result as $$\langle x|x'\rangle=\delta(x-x').$$ Is this approach valid?  I think my question boils down to: Does the operator $\hat{p}$ act on the basis kets $|x\rangle$ or on their coefficients? In the latter case, if we had some state $|\psi\rangle = |x_0\rangle$ for some position $x_0$, then would we say that for this state $$\langle p\rangle =\langle x_0|\left(-i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial x}\right)|x_0\rangle = 0$$ as the single coefficient is $1$ and the derivative of $1$ is $0$? Conditional Linq Queries We're working on a Log Viewer. The use will have the option to filter by user, severity, etc. In the Sql days I'd add to the query string, but I want to do it with Linq. How can I conditionally add where-clauses? Integration of the cardinal sine It is said that the integral of the cardinal sine is $1$. How do I integrate the cardinal sine? $$ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac{\sin(a)}{a} \, {\rm d} a $$ How do I get from Terminal 1 to Terminal 5 in Fiumicino Airport? I am going to shoot a wedding this weekend, and I want to do my best for my friend's big day.    What can I do to prepare for the day in order to minimize failures and mistakes? How do I avoid missing important shots? What backup plan should I have?   I have been shooting for 6 years or so, and I know wedding is one of the hardest thing to do. I have told my friend what I end up producing will be of no match with the work of dedicated wedding photographers, not even the ones that are about to fall out of business.  They are on a tight budget, they said some photos are still better than none, they really must minimize the cost as much as they can. I exaggerated again that my photos will be worse off than the cheapest wedding photographer you can find.  She has been a close friends for years, I want to do everything I can to help her.  Their wedding is at 12:30pm coming Sunday, I have visited the venue last Sunday at 12:30pm to check traffic condition and also the lighting.  The setup is mainly outdoor (no church), the indoor area will not have a good ceiling for bounce. Being at the middle of the day, this can mean some tricky fill flash. I have jot down a list of must-have shots. I am also asking for the seating plan and the event run-down.  Gear:   Canon EOS 60D , EF-S 15-85mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM Canon EOS 450D (or I can borrow a 550D), EF 50mm f/1.4 Speedlite 580 EXII Speedlite 270 EXII Yongnuo 460 (a cheap but powerful manual flash as backup) Samsung EX-1 f/1.8 point and shoot (backup of a backup...?)   Other lenses that I have but I don't think will be useful:   50mm f/1.8 EF-S 50-250mm f/4.0-5.6 IS II EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS (I have the better 15-85 on 60D, should I put this on the 450D as a backup allrounder?) EF-S 60mm f/2.8 Macro (should I replace 50mm f/1.4 with this for added macro? You can hardly use f/1.4 under direct sunlight if you want to have fill-flash)   I have two batteries for all cameras (60D 450D and EX1). I have like in total 64GB SD card (I am really inclined to get more, or bring a laptop for on-the-fly backup, or do both). I recently repaired my 580EXII, it has a brand new flash head so the recycle time is as good as it can be, I just need a tonne of batteries. No I don't have external power pack or battery grip for my cameras.  I have a great monopod, but a cheap tripod.  I am happy to bring everything, just putting them in the boot of my car. The carpark is on-site, walking from venue to my car is under 1 minute.  I will have my girlfriend carry the 450D and shoot details / non-portraits.  One concern that I have is fill flash, I really do not have a large surface to bounce off  from. I have shot events before but they are not as dynamic/critical as a wedding.  How do I prepare for differing weather conditions?  If its sunny, fill flash is probably going to be in every single shot. If its cloudy, I probably will turn off the flash. If it rains, my 60D should be fine I have used it in slight rain before, but I really don't know their plan and if they have extendable shelters etc.  What else should I prepare for? Having no experience I want to be as prepared as I can be. Maybe I have overlooked something, maybe there is something else I can do to ensure the shooting will go smoothly. Your help is greatly appreciated! Show $$\frac{(2n)!}{n!\cdot 2^n}$$ is an integer for $n$ greater than or equal to $0$.   Could anyone please help me with this proving? Thanks!