What does the message "rewrite ... (90%)" after a Git commit mean?
What does it mean when Git says 'rewrite' or 'rename' in a commit message?
Do a "git export" (like "svn export")? I've been wondering whether there is a good "git export" solution that creates a copy of a tree without the .git repository directory. There are at least three methods I know of:   git clone followed by removing the .git repository directory.  alludes to this functionality but starts with "Just read the desired tree into the index..." which I'm not entirely sure how to do.  is a third party script that essentially does a git clone into a temporary location followed by rsync --exclude='.git' into the final destination.   None of these solutions really strike me as being satisfactory. The closest one to svn export might be option 1, because both those require the target directory to be empty first. But option 2 seems even better, assuming I can figure out what it means to read a tree into the index. Why doesn't mass of bob affect time period? The gravitation formula says $$F = \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2} \, ,$$ so if the mass of a bob increases then the torque on it should also increase because the force increased. So, it should go faster and thus the oscillation period should be decrease.  My physics book says that period is only affected by effective length and $g$. Why doesn't mass of bob affect the period? Manganese has more unpaired electrons than Iron so why is Iron ferromagnetic Manganese paramagnetic? Manganese has five unpaired electrons, but Iron has four, then why is Iron ferromagnetic and Manganese paramagnetic? What's that property I'm missing? Probability of a 2 pair in poker Ability to update profile from the Stack Exchange Android App I work at an embedded software company. This morning I found a USB stick in the parking lot in front of the building. With all the stories of "dropped USB stick attacks" in mind, I'm obviously not going to just plug it into my laptop. OTOH, I'm curious to know whether this was actually an attempt to compromise our systems, or it's really just an innocent case of somebody accidentally losing a USB stick. How do I safely inspect the USB stick without risking exposure?  I'm worried not just about malware and crafted file system images; there's also stuff like power surge attacks:.  EDIT: Many of the answers seem to assume I want to keep the drive and use it afterwards. I have no interest in that at all, I know USB sticks are cheap, and that it wouldn't be mine to keep anyway. I only want to know whether this was indeed a semi-targeted attack, partly out of curiosity whether this actually happens in real life and not just in security papers, but also so that I could warn my coworkers.  I want to know how I would figure out whether the stick contains malware. And that's not just a matter of looking at the drive contents and seeing a suspicious autorun.inf or a carefully crafted corrupt file system - I very much also want a way to inspect the firmware. I sort-of expected that there were tools for extracting that and comparing to known-good or known-bad binaries. What's the function like sum() but for multiplication? product()? Python's  function returns the sum of numbers in an iterable.  sum([3,4,5]) == 3 + 4 + 5 == 12   I'm looking for the function that returns the product instead.  somelib.somefunc([3,4,5]) == 3 * 4 * 5 == 60   I'm pretty sure such a function exists, but I can't find it. How can I hibernate or sleep my Ubuntu 10.10 desktop and have it "wake up" the next day?  I have seen software that can do this on windows, so it can't be hard on Ubuntu! Emacs text-scale-adjust causes line numbers column to incrementally shrink and disappear I've set up emacs to display line numbers (global-linum-mode 1), and it works until I start enlarging the text via text-scale-adjust    The line numbers column starts to shrink, and disappears entirely after a few increments. When it has fully disappeared, further increments have no more effect on the left edge.    Is this a know issue? Is there a workaround?    Using GNU Emacs 23.1.1 in Ubuntu 10.04. How do I get the result of a command in a variable in windows? I'm looking to get the result of a command as a variable in a Windows batch script (see  for the bash scripting equivalent).  A solution that will work in a .bat file is preferred, but other common windows scripting solutions are also welcome. The basic 6T structure used for storing data is same as one used in "Positive Feedback Differential Voltage Sense Amplifier", then how come while the data is stored in SRAM memory cell it doesn't get amplified? stab(S) is isomorphic to $ S_k \times S_{n-k} $ Show that the group $S_n$ (right) acts on the set of subsets of $\{1,2,\ldots n\}$ by $\rho(S,\sigma)=S\sigma$. Show that there are $n+1$ orbits, one for each possible value of $|S|$. Show that if $|S|=k$ then $\mathrm{Stab}(S)\cong S_k\times S_{n-k}$.  I have shown that there are n+1 orbits but now I am stuck with the last bit. my initial thought is that if I let $S =\{1,2,3,...,k\}$ then $\mathrm{Stab}(S)$ would involve $(1)(2)(3)...(k)$ i.e. mapping to itself and then $k+1$ to $n$ mapped in any ways ($S_{n-k}$) I feel like $\mathrm{Stab}$ is isomorphic to $S_{n-k}$ what am I misunderstanding here? How would I prove the last part? Thanks a lot How to change Gnome-Terminal title? Proposition      Let $\mathcal{P_e}$ be the set of functions $p_e(x) = a_o + a_2x^2 +  \cdots + a_{2n}x^{2n}$, $p_e : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$      Show that all $f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}$ can be uniformly approximated by   elements in $\mathcal{P_e}$   Attempt:    Since we are talking about polynomials let's try play with Weierstrass Theorem  By definition $\mathcal{P_e}$ is dense in  $C^0([0,1], \mathbb{R})$ , if for every funciton $f \in C^0([0,1], \mathbb{R})$, $\exists p_e \in \mathcal{P_e}$ such that $\forall \epsilon &gt; 0, \forall x \in [0,1], ||p_e-f||&lt; \epsilon$  So we want to show $\|p_e - f\| &lt; \epsilon$  Try something like...since every continuous function is approximated by polynomials i.e. $\forall \epsilon &gt; 0,\ \|f - p\| &lt; \epsilon$, therefore let $p$ be a polynomial, $p = a_0 + a_1x + a_2x^2 + a_3x^3 + \cdots$  $$\|p_e - f\| \leq \|f - p\| + \|p - p_e\|$$  $$\Rightarrow \|p_e - f\| &lt; \epsilon + \|p_o\|,$$ where $p_o$ is an odd polynomial  $$\Rightarrow \|p_e - f\| &lt; \epsilon + \sup_x|a_1+a_3+\cdots+a_{2_n+1}|$$  Stuck.   In any case, $p$ and $p_o$ is poorly defined. What would be the standard approach to prove the proposition? How to use an item in my off-hand? What is the danger of running untrusted software as a normal user Sometimes I have to use some propriety softwares which I don't trust or even pre-compiled open source ones which I don't know if they've been compiled as their source are.   Lets say we installed a propriety application in /opt/software, then we run it as a normal user (without sudo, gksudo, etc).   I know when we run a program it is able to connect to the Internet, monitor X, keystrokes, collect user data and so on. It can't change anything important in the system or infect the system, (because of the Linux permissions system). It is possible for program to add some plug-in/extension to a user's browser (Because browser profiles are available in user home directory). After closing the program and rebooting it can't do anything anymore. Wrong because:   Program can add itself to a shell/file/directory which does the autostart process, so it will run at any login.  If we consider the autostart process clean, without rebooting there is a chance that a process of the program is still active. Programs can delete or modify any file in the user home directory (or any other file which a user has write permission to).   So what should we do?   I think the only safe way to run a propriety program is running it as another user. If running the program as another user somehow is not possible then we should change the autostart files permission so only root can change them. then after closing the program a reboot will do the job.   Am I right? Is there anything that I'm missing? Compiling with either XeLaTeX or LuaLaTeX, \emph{} no longer displays text as expected, i.e. in italics. \textit{} works fine. Here is a MWE demonstrating the issue.  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{fontspec}  \begin{document}      \emph{lorem ipsum}      \textit{lorem ipsum}  \end{document}   Here is the output I get :   I have TeXLive 2016 (MacTeX) installed. I updated it an hour ago with sudo tlmgr update --self --all.  I guess there is something wrong but what ? I'd be happy to have some help. Thank you. "I saw one of my classmates who was/were?" I have a function defined as follows: $f(x,y)= \dfrac{x^2-y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}$, if $(x,y)\neq (0, 0)$ and $f(x,y)=0$ if $(x,y)=(0,0)$.  Now, $$\int_0^1\int_0^1 f(x,y)\,\text{d}x~\text{d}y=-\frac{\pi}{4}$$ and $$\int_0^1\int_0^1 f(x,y)\,\text{d}y~\text{d}x=\frac{\pi}{4}.$$   The question I have is this: why does this not contradict Fubini's theorem?    thanks. I'm using biblatex for my references.  Normally, if I use \cite{source1, source2, source3}, I get a citation like  [3, 45, 98]   If I now want to give a page number for one of them, it looks confusing imho, as I should get (did not try it out up to now, honestly)   [3, 45, 78, p. 23f, 98]   So imho it would make sense to change one of the separator from a comma to e. g. a semicolon like:  [3; 45; 78, p. 23f; 98]   Question 1: Does that make sense, or are there other conventions for citing sources with and without page numbers together?  (Up to now I collected the citations without page number in one cite command and added singular \cite[][p. xy]{} commands for those with page numbers., so I'd get:   [3, 45, 98][78, p. 23f]   )  the \cites[]{}[]{}[]{} could also do that, but it also uses the same separators for entries and postnotes.  Question 2: How could I change the separator globally for those number-citations from comma to semicolon in biblatex?