My Windows 8.1/Ubuntu 12.04 dual boot won't boot windows after updating to v 8.1
"invalid EFI file path" while booting Windows
Behavior of $\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-1}z^n$ on the circle of convergence Consider the following complex power series :$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{z^n}{n}$$ The radius of convergence of this series is $1$ and the series is divergent for $z=1$. I want to know what are the values of $z\in C:=\lbrace z\in\mathbb{C}: |z|=1\rbrace$, the circle of convergence, for which the given series converges. What is the difference between correlation, causation and prediction? Suppose we have a set of events $\Omega$, containing events $A$ and $B$. My econometrics professor tried to distinguish the following three terms today.    Causation --- $A$ causes $B$ if the occurrence of $A$ always leads to another specific outcome $B$. For example, clapping my hands causes a sound to be emitted.  Prediction --- $A$ predicts $B$ if on average, $B$ is the expected outcome from $A$ occurring. In other words, whereas causality is deterministic, prediction is probabilistic. For example, studying for a test would predict doing well on the exam. But there's no guarantee.   Correlation --- $A$ and $B$ are correlated if when one occurs the other does too. But there may be some hidden variable causing both.    Are these distinctions meaningful? Or did he make these terms up?   My Questions   What is the difference between causation and correlation?  Are "causes" always deterministic? "Reality" of length contraction in SR In the , the icon color for the various sites seems* incorrect: Whenever I select a main site, the icon is greyed out, and when ever I select the corresponding meta site, the icon is colored. My initial instinct was to think that the colors of the main/meta sites following the &quot;Switch sites:&quot; prompt should be switched. (Actually, it seems like it's just a UI thing. See the edit below.)  *Edit: Actually, the colors are technically not incorrect, since (as Jeremy Banks has pointed out) the icon shows &quot;the other&quot; site of the main/meta pair, and clicking on it is for switching to the respective other site. See the comment thread for some UI improvement ideas. What causes the permittivity and permeability of vacuum? When light travels through a material, it gets "slowed down" (at least its net speed decreases).  The atoms in the material "disturb" the light in some way which causes it to make stops on its path.  This is expressed in the material's permittivity and permeability:  Its ability to transmit electromagnetic waves.  But then what causes the limited permittivity and permeability of vacuum?  There are no atoms there to disturb the light, so what is keeping it from travelling at infinite speed?  Is there a special property of space itself which determines the speed of light?  Or is it the virtual particles in vacuum which interact with the light? cvc-complex-type.2.4.a: Invalid content was found starting with element 'init-param' find the minimum value given constraints I'm seeing an odd character like a very flat U, where there should be a space, with the listings package. See example below. Does anyone have any idea why this is happening, or how to get rid or work around it?  \documentclass{standalone} \usepackage{underscore} \usepackage{listings} \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames, rgb, svgnames, x11names]{xcolor} % Text layout \topmargin 0.0cm \oddsidemargin 0.5cm \evensidemargin 0.5cm \textwidth 16cm \textheight 21cm  \lstnewenvironment{cmd}[1][]{%   \lstset{language=sh, backgroundcolor=\color{LightSteelBlue1}, #1}} {}  \begin{document} \begin{cmd}[caption=Configuration file section including filters] [affy6] [...]     [[hapmap]]     phenofiles = "data/Hapmap6.0/Pheno/hapmappheno_909.csv",     genofile = "/data/snppy/Hapmap6.0/Geno/birdseed-v2.calls.txt"     anno_filter = "chromosome = 5"     idlink_filter = "studyid = 'CEU'"     some_other_stuff = "foo = bar" \end{cmd} \end{document} Samba authentication fails How to get a list of current open windows/process with Java? Does any one know how do I get the current open windows or process of a local machine using Java?    What I'm trying to do is: list the current open task, windows or process open, like in  Windows Taskmanager, but using a multi-platform approach - using only Java if it's possible. Change the location of saved screenshot when screenshot taken by printscreen button in GNOME 3 I want to change the default location of "Save a screenshot to Pictures" to save it to Desktop.   If that is not possible, is there any other way to do it? I am using Ubuntu GNOME 17.04.  NOTE: I don't want to change the location with dconf-editor as it changes the location of screenshot applet and not of the shortcut I require. My company has purchased a product that renders an ASP.NET control on the page. This control uses jQuery 1.2.3 and adds a script tag to the page to reference it. The developers of the control will not support use of the control if it modified in any way (including modification to reference a different version of jQuery).  I'm about to start development of my own control and would like to use the features and speed improvements of jQuery 1.3. Both of these controls will need to exist on the same page.  How can I allow the purchased control to use jQuery 1.2.3 and new custom development to use jQuery 1.3? Also out of curiosity, what if we were to use an additional control that needed to reference yet another version of jQuery? How to sync gnome-calendar with an online calendar? I thought it was awesome that Ubuntu 16.04 shipped with gnome-calendar, but I noticed that holidays were not included.  I also noticed that there is an option to sync the calendar with an online one, how do I do this?  I don't know of any online calendars I could use. Why is the multiplicative group of a finite field cyclic? Why is the multiplicative group $(K\smallsetminus\{0\},\cdot)$ of a finite field $(K,+,\cdot)$ always cyclic? How can I edit this trigger to only fire once? The trigger creates a related record when a checkbox is updated. The problem is it is creating a new related record everytime the record is edited. I want to edit the trigger to only create the related record once. (When the criteria is first met). The code is below  Trigger copyEquipmentonsite on Unit_Placements_Sales__c(after insert, after update) {      List&lt;Services__c&gt; sub=new List&lt;Services__c&gt;();      for(Unit_Placements_Sales__c u : Trigger.new) {           if(u.Service_Month_is_Next_Month__c == TRUE) {                 Services__c s = new Services__c();                 s.Equipment_Onsite__c=u.ID;                 s.Equipment_Type__c=u.Equipment__c;                 s.Machine_Specific_Notes__c=u.Machine_Specific_Notes__c;                    s.Product__c=u.The_Product__c;                   s.Dell_Tag_Number__c=u.Dell_Tag_Number__c;                 s.Serial_Number__c=u.Serial_Number__c;                  s.XD_Number__c=u.XD_Number__c;                 sub.add(s);           }           if(sub.size()&gt;0)           insert sub;      } } What does it mean to "program to an interface"? A library to convert ANSI escapes (terminal formatting/color codes) to HTML I'm looking for a code library that converts ANSI escape sequences into HTML color, via plain  tags or CSS. For example, something that would convert this:  ESC[00mESC[01;34mbinESC[00m ESC[01;34mcodeESC[00m ESC[01;31mdropbox-lnx.x86-0.6.404.tar.gzESC[00m ESC[00mfooESC[00m  Into this:  &lt;span style="color:blue"&gt;bin&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:blue"&gt;code&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color:red"&gt;dropbox-lnx.x86-0.6.404.tar.gz&lt;/span&gt; foo   Converting breaks into &lt;br/&gt; isn't necessary, it's just the escape codes that I don't know. I could hack it together myself, but I'd probably miss something important like underlines or mess up how background colors work. I'd rather just sit on top of someone else's code.  Does such a tool (command line linux) or library (perl, python, or ruby preferably) exist? Finding a replacement for the scoreboard player test It's time to remove the bounty delay How would I be able to get N results for several groups in an oracle query.  For example, given the following table:  |--------+------------+------------| | emp_id | name       | occupation | |--------+------------+------------| |      1 | John Smith | Accountant | |      2 | Jane Doe   | Engineer   | |      3 | Jack Black | Funnyman   | |--------+------------+------------|   There are many more rows with more occupations.  I would like to get three employees (lets say) from each occupation.  Is there a way to do this without using a subquery?