PHP doesn't display the right result
UTF-8 all the way through
I have a script that does a number of different things, most of which do not require any special privileges. However, one specific section, which I have contained within a function, needs root privileges.  I don't wish to require the entire script to run as root, and I want to be able to call this function, with root privileges, from within the script. Prompting for a password if necessary isn't an issue since it is mostly interactive anyway. However, when I try to use sudo functionx, I get:  sudo: functionx: command not found   As I expected, export didn't make a difference. I'd like to be able to execute the function directly in the script rather than breaking it out and executing it as a separate script for a number of reasons.  Is there some way I can make my function "visible" to sudo without extracting it, finding the appropriate directory, and then executing it as a stand-alone script?  The function is about a page long itself and contains multiple strings, some double-quoted and some single-quoted. It is also dependent upon a menu function defined elsewhere in the main script.  I would only expect someone with sudo ANY to be able to run the function, as one of the things it does is change passwords. Using getopts to process long and short command line options Please don't throw this one out as a duplicate of  I'm not asking about the plurality of the noun immediately following those two words - I'm interested in exactly why the example below is problematic (context: I have several children, one named John)...     1: One of my children's name is John.   I can't see any obvious reason why singular name there is completely unacceptable, but it certainly doesn't sit well with me. It seems to turn on whether one of my children can be treated collectively as the "subject" of the Saxon genitive 's, but I don't see a problem with...     2: It's actually one of my children's, but you can sleep in this bed.   I realise that in practice we'd normally pluralise names in the first example. But of course, this implies that one of attaches to my children's names, which isn't really the same construction.  So - is there some kind of "rule, principle" debarring #1 above? Or is it just "one of those things"?    (Apologies if my later switch from brothers to children invalidates any comments or answers.) How to prove Fibonacci sequence with matrices? I use my computer for scientific programming. It has a healthy 8GB of RAM and 12GB of swap space. Often, as my problems have gotten larger, I exceed all of the available RAM. Rather than crashing (which would be preferred), it seems Ubuntu starts loading everything into swap, including Unity and any open terminals. If I don't catch a run-away program in time, there is nothing I can do but wait - it takes 4-5 minutes to switch to a command prompt eg. Ctrl-Alt-F2 where I can kill the offending process.  Since my own stupidity is out of scope of this forum, how can I prevent Ubuntu from crashing via thrashing when I use up all of the available memory from a single offending program?  At-home experiment*!  Open a terminal, launch python and if you have numpy installed try this:  &gt;&gt;&gt; import numpy &gt;&gt;&gt; [numpy.zeros((10**4, 10**4)) for _ in xrange(50)]   * Warning: may have adverse effects, monitor the process via iotop or top to kill it in time. If not, I'll see you after your reboot. $\int_0^\infty \frac{\ln\left(1+x-\sqrt{2x}\right)}{1+x^2}\,dx$ Trying to compute   I was facing: \begin{align}J=\int_0^\infty \frac{\ln\left(1+x-\sqrt{2x}\right)}{1+x^2}\,dx\end{align}  I want to prove that $\displaystyle J=0$, or equivalently, that,  \begin{align}\int_0^1 \frac{\ln\left(1+x-\sqrt{2x}\right)}{1+x^2}\,dx=-\dfrac{1}{2}\text{G}\end{align}  $\text{G}$ being the Catalan constant.  Read carefully please.   I know, using so-called Feynman's trick, how to prove this. I would like to obtain a proof, using only integration by parts and change of variable in simple integrals (that is, no multiple integrals) I don't know, if, under these restrictions, such computation is possible.  NB: You're probably wondering what is the link between : $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}4} \ln(\sin{x}+\cos{x}+\sqrt{\sin{2x}})dx$ and $J$.  The link is, for $x\in\left[0;\frac{\pi}{2}\right]$, $(\sin{x}+\cos{x}+\sqrt{\sin{2x}})(\sin{x}+\cos{x}-\sqrt{\sin{2x}})=1$ and $\sin(2x)=2\sin x\cos x$ C# Settings.Default.Save() not saving? I built a simple bridge rectifier.         &ndash; Schematic created using   I connected the output of the function generator with CH1 of my oscilloscope and  with the input of the rectifier (using a T-Piece). The output goes into CH2.   The original wave looks like this:    After connecting CH2 the picture looks like this:   While CH2 looks good,  CH1 now shows the wave I would expect without capacitator but not the expected original wave.   Could somebody explain why? I'm using a Gwinstek GDS-1072A-U Oscilloscope and a Gwinstek SFG-1003 function generator. Indian CGPA to US GPA system Only Icons Missing from desktop I opened the PC in the morning, and this is what I got:      As is visible the icons of the UWA apps were no affected and the start menu also is unaffected.    When Control Panel is in category view the entire page is empty and in large/small icons the name is visible, no icons.  I deleted the iconcache.db in %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local folder. Following the instructions here: . But to no avail and now windows is not rebuilding the cache.   I also ran sfc /scannow but no changes took place.  What should I do?  (01/01/2016 8:00PM GMT +5:30) Edit: I tried opening the system properties and I got 0x8000ffff error and this:        Then I closed the popup and pressed the OK button on the System Properties Windows and I got 0x8007057A error:      Opening the Image Backup Control Panel page I again got an 0x8007000E error:        I tried using system restore via advanced startup but once again I got 0x800FFFF error.  P.S.: I did try restarting, didn't work. What PDF Editors are available on Ubuntu? I was wondering if there is a pdf reader-writer-publisher-editor that can add text, highlight, shapes and general edit an existing pdf document.  Something like Nitro in windows. When do I use a dot, arrow, or double colon to refer to members of a class in C++? There are often situations where buying two separate one-way tickets from A to C via B is cheaper than buying a normal multi-leg ticket. This can be especially useful with airlines such as Ryanair, which specifically avoids selling multi-leg tickets.  Is there a search engine which allows one to search for such flights? How to create complex conditional clauses / queries? I've been reading the documentatoin on  and also studied the api description for  and  but I fail to create a $query with 3 -&gt;conditions:   select all between 0 and 100 but exclude 23, 48 and 97 select also 107, 123, 126 and 128   That's what I have tried so far:  $query-&gt;db_or()   -&gt;condition('my_field', array(107, 123, 126, 128), 'IN')   -&gt;condition(db_and()-&gt;condition('my_field', array(0, 100), 'BETWEEN')                       -&gt;condition('my_field', array(23, 48, 97), 'NOT IN'));   But I get the following error:  PHP Fatal error:  Call to undefined method SelectQuery::db_or() in [... first line]   I've tried to play around with the syntax like that:  $query-&gt;condition(-&gt;db_or()   -&gt;condition('my_field', array(107, 123, 126, 128), 'IN')   -&gt;condition(db_and()-&gt;condition('my_field', array(0, 100), 'BETWEEN')                       -&gt;condition('my_field', array(23, 48, 97), 'NOT IN')));   But again getting errors like that:  PHP Parse error:  syntax error, unexpected T_OBJECT_OPERATOR, expecting ')' in [... first line]   I also tried working with variables:  $cond01 = array('my_field', array(107, 123, 126, 128), 'IN'); $cond02 = array('my_field', array(0, 100), 'BETWEEN'); $cond03 = array('my_field', array(23, 48, 97), 'NOT IN'); $db_and = db_and(); $db_and-&gt;condition($cond02); $db_and-&gt;condition($cond03); $db_or = db_or(); $db_or-&gt;condition($cond01); $db_or-&gt;condition($db_and); $query-&gt;condition($db_or);   But this again yields drupal errors like that:  SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'Array' in 'where clause'   How to create a complex conditional database query with both AND and OR statements? Difference between administrative and user mode of MiKTeX Why does Captain Antilles in a New Hope say they're on a diplomatic mission? How did the AT-ATs get to the surface of Hoth? pure code formatting, to enhance a question, is impossible (without 2k rep) How to enforce sender address to be "logged-in-user@example.org" in Postfix? I have set up a Postfix server with SMTP AUTH (STARTTLS on port 587). All my users are in the domain "example.org". I want to enforce the sender address to be "logged-in-user@example.org".  I learned that this can be achieved with the main.cf options  smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_sender_login_mismatch, ... smtpd_sender_login_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/smtpd_sender_login_maps   with a login_maps file like:  a@example.org a b@example.org b c@example.org c ...   (see also ), but this would mean I'll have to edit the login_maps file every time I have a new user. I don't need such a flexible mapping: It should always be "logged-in-user@example.org". Is there an easier option? How do I reinstall Unity? I tested out Unity 5, and of course, it broke things, so I tried downgrading by    sudo apt-get install ppa-purge sudo ppa-purge ppa:unity-team/staging   It removed Unity completely.    apt-get install unity   seemed to work, but the login screen now offers only Gnome.  How do I get back to Unity 4?