What is the formal mathematical definition of a "layer" of a neural network?
What is the definition of layer in neural network?
At what speed does our universe expand? Age replacement policy for hard disks and SSDs at servers I'm planing an age replacement policy for our storage and servers. Most of them are for DBs and some for images (static content) so yes, they have an huge I/O everytime.  Also, we use Samsung 840 Pro SSDs for the RAID Controllers (PERC H700i) as CacheCade.  Are you guys managing the replacement of old hard drives and solid state drives? Maximum log level exceeded in Developer Console Recently I have regularly been getting the error message below when opening the Developer Console:     The Developer Console didn't set the DEVELOPER_LOG trace flag on your   user. Having an active trace flag triggers debug logging. You have 316   MB of the maximum 250 MB of debug logs. Before you can edit trace   flags, delete some debug logs.   It happens in sandbox and scratch orgs. Haven't tried in production.  This only started happening recently. It goes away after clearing the logs but comes back after a few test runs.  Also: the Debug->Clear->Log Panel action is not working for me -- the logs stay put. I can remove them using the Query Editor as described , but it's pretty tedious.  Two questions:   Does anyone know a way to prevent the logs from exceeding the max level? Perhaps by having old logs cleared out automatically? Is there a known issue with the Clear Log Panel action? I am using Chrome btw.   Thanks! How do "pet" Walkers help ward off other Walkers? In both the comics and the show, Michonne first appears with two walkers that she essentially keeps as pets.    The comics sort of half-explain this - as per :     She notices walkers don't attack one another and hacks off the arms and lower jaws of Mike and Terry. She chains them up by their necks to use them as escorts for an escape that was successful.   In , we see that even if they still sort of smell like Walkers, the Walkers can smell/detect the living and will attack.  In ,      We see Andrea effectively making a new "pet" so that she can use to deter the Walkers that she comes across on her trip to the prison. Along the trip, she is shown to come within close range of Walkers, but they give her space when she points the "pets" in the right direction.   Why would the Walkers not just attempt to go around the "pets"? What about them creates an effective protective barrier? QGIS3 - Clipping polygons to a hemisphere for azimuthal orthographic projection I'm a bit of a novice with QGIS, so this is really throwing me for a loop.  For the maps I'm intending on making, an azimuthal orthographic projection would be my preference.   For example, one map I'm trying to recreate is this map of the Pacific islands :    I've been using the NaturalEarth Quick Start package, which has been a really good launching-off point, but I'm running into some issues at the horizon of the orthographic projection.  I've tried adding a custom projection:  +proj=ortho +lat_0=0 +lon_0=170 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6371000 +b=6371000 +units=m +no_defs   But that gives the following map:    Which certainly is close to being right, but the ocean is obviously being cut off in the Arctic and on the southern horizon.  I understand the issue is that naively mapping layers described in WGS 84 to an orthographic projection leaves you with artifacts at the horizon, but how do I fix it?    I first tried to use the Clip to Hemisphere plugin described in , but it seems incompatible with QGIS 3; when I try adding the plugin, QGIS3 gives an error message and places it in the "Invalid" section of the Plugins window.    I then tried both solutions presented at  Again the issue is with QGIS 2/3 incompatibility.    For Solution 1, both Numerical Digitize and CAD Tools are again incompatible with QGIS 3 and give the same result as Clip to Hemisphere.    For Solution 2, I can't disable on-the-fly-reprojection in settings since that setting was removed in QGIS 3. How do I mount a partition with UFS filesystem (FreeNAS) in Ubuntu 11.10?  I'm a total Ubuntu newbie and just switched from FreeNAS.  There should be ll the info I need I guess, but if anyone would help me get going i'll by glad =) I want to print the floating point number with exactly two significant digits in bash (maybe using a common tool like awk, bc, dc, perl etc.).  Examples:   76543 should be printed as 76000 0.0076543 should be printed as 0.0076   In both cases the significant digits are 7 and 6. I have read some answers for similar problems like:      but the answers focus on limiting the number of decimal places (eg. bc command with scale=2 or printf command with %.2f) instead of significant digits.  Is there an easy way to format the number with exactly 2 significant digits or do I have to write my own function? Can Selenium interact with an existing browser session? Cannot see OpenLayers under Plugin in QGIS? Although I have installed the OpenLayers plugin in QGIS 2.4, I cannot see it in the list when I click on Plugins.    Does anyone else have this issue? Internal "get/set" function of property? Here is my test code and picture:  import bpy   # Simple property reading/writing from ID properties. # This is what the RNA would do internally. def get_float(self):     return self["testprop"]   def set_float(self, value):     self["testprop"] = value  #bpy.types.Scene.test_float = bpy.props.FloatProperty(get=get_float,set=set_float) bpy.types.Scene.test_float = bpy.props.FloatProperty()   bpy.context.scene.test_float = 12.34     When I don't explicitly set the "get/set" function for my property, after assigning the value, I can get the property value by 'scene["test_float"]', but if I explicitly set the "get/set" function, then if I try to type in the same commands, I will receive a error "KeyError: 'bpy_struct[key]: key "test_float" not found'" . So what should I do to get the same results by using explicitly  "get/set" function? In the header of my document I set the maximal author names to 2:  \usepackage[style=authoryear-icomp, maxbibnames=9, maxcitenames=2, backend=biber]{biblatex}   Now, when I cite texts with two authors, LaTeX gives me the following:     (Author_A/ Author_B 2012: 232)   When I have three authors or more, LaTeX makes it:     (Author_A/ Author_B et al. 2012: 232)   But I want LaTeX to just name the first author if there are more than two authors ... like this:     (Author_A et al. 2012: 232)   Any tips on how to achieve this ? Quite often, the phrase "x for x's sake" is used in English, and so one could describe someone as being "argumentative for argument's sake" to describe someone who is arguing for the sake of arguing.  However, is there an adjective that means the same thing?  For example, it could be used in the context:     I don't want to be [X], but [argument...]   ... indicating that your argument is necessary and not intended to irritate. Can you choose which version of a game to play on Steam? I want to play a game in an older update, but can't see a way to choose a specific version. Is this possible? Are there consequences to stamps in my passport that are not from border control? Interaction with the site on the app should count towards Enthusiast/Fanatic If I do any of the below, which would normally constitute "activity" on any Stack Exchange site (including mobile):   View my profile Vote on any question or comment Visit one or more questions   ...then Stack Exchange considers me to have "visited" the site.  If I do any of the below on the mobile app:   Vote on any question or comment Visit one or more questions   ...then Stack Exchange does not consider me to have visited the site.  If one wants the app to have feature parity with the mobile site, then shouldn't my participation within the app also count towards the Enthusiast/Fanatic badge? I just wrote code for this, and I got it a little bit ugly. Can you help me to fix this. And how to change those nands for not, like it is on nand 3,4,5? Please help!  PS. What I mean by these nands for not or whatever this is As I understand it, the hosts file is one of several system facilities that assists in addressing network nodes in a computer network. But what should be inside it? When I install Ubuntu by default   127.0.0.1 localhost    will be there. Why?   How does /etc/hosts work in case of JVM systems like Cassandra? When is DNS alternative, I guess not on a single computer? From the man page on git-merge, there are a number of merge strategies you can use.     resolve -  This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch and another branch you pulled from) using 3-way merge algorithm. It tries to carefully detect criss-cross merge ambiguities and is considered generally safe and fast. recursive -  This can only resolve two heads using 3-way merge algorithm. When there are more than one common ancestors that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as the reference tree for the 3-way merge. This has been reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without causing mis-merges by tests done on actual merge commits taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history. Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving renames. This is the default merge strategy when pulling or merging one branch. octopus -  This resolves more than two-head case, but refuses to do complex merge that needs manual resolution. It is primarily meant to be used for bundling topic branch heads together. This is the default merge strategy when pulling or merging more than one branches. ours -  This resolves any number of heads, but the result of the merge is always the current branch head. It is meant to be used to supersede old development history of side branches. subtree -  This is a modified recursive strategy. When merging trees A and B, if B corresponds to a subtree of A, B is first adjusted to match the tree structure of A, instead of reading the trees at the same level. This adjustment is also done to the common ancestor tree.   When should I specify something different than the default?  What scenarios are each best for? Inverse elements in the absence of identities/associativity. I'm installing a brand new motion activated security light to an existing box on my garage. After removing the old light, I notice it only has white/black wiring while the new light fixture has of course white/black/green (ground) wires to attach. What do I do if no ground wire is available with the old box?