Different ways of naming functions?
var functionName = function() {} vs function functionName() {}
How to move an element into another element? Algorithm faster than Newton's for calculating $\sqrt{2}$ Can every even integer be expressed as the difference of two primes? Can every even integer be expressed as the difference of two primes? If so, is there any elementary proof? How to use LyX to create PDF file from the command line Automatically fit the graphics in the remaining space of a Beamer slide Leaving Italy without paying a bus fine My wife and I got bus fines today in Bologna. We had only recently arrived and had purchased a ticket from where we were staying which was about 6 or 7 km from the city. The hotel receptionist explained the ticketing system to us and said that if we buy a ticket we could use it on as many journeys for 75 minutes.  We took the bus from our hotel to Bologna and then straight away got on another bus to get to central Bologna where all the sights are. When we got on this other bus we assumed that it was ok as we were still within the 75 minutes. However, when we tried to validate our tickets in the machine it flashed red like an error had occurred so we figured something wasn't right.   We tried to ask the driver about it or if we could buy a ticket but he just grunted and started to drive off. We therefore started to leave the bus at the next stop so we could try and buy another ticket but were ushered back on by a few men who turned out to be ticket inspectors!  They alleged that our tickets were not valid in the city and that we had to pay a 65 euro fine. They wanted to see our official documentation and so took details from our UK driving licences and issued us both with fines. They wanted us to pay there and then, but we explained we didn't have enough cash on us to do so and they then stated we could pay by card.   However, I still wasn't happy about doing that so he then said that we could pay later by going to an Italian post office; or if we don't pay within a certain time the fine will go up to 270 euros each and will be posted to us (he got our addresses off our UK driving licences)!  I am a bit miffed about this as we were noway trying to evade and as soon as we realised our mistake we tried to talk to the bus driver to buy a ticket or get off the bus, but he drove off and ignored us! I have a slight suspicion that it was a rouse as it is very strange that he did this and then out of nowhere bus inspectors got on and made a beeline for us!  If we go back to the UK without paying these fines and ignore the subsequent fines that they send us through the post (if they do send any), then what happens? Do they have any powers when we are back in the UK? a total fine of 500 euros for an honest mistake seems utterly outrageous.   Fine below I currently have a setup where I send a char using a Tx of 434MHz and an Uno to a Mega with a Rx. The Mega counts how many times it receives the char and then if it falls below a certain number it triggers an alarm. Is this a viable way to measure the distance between two microcontrollers while indoors or is there a better way.  Transmitter (Mega)  #include &lt;SoftwareSerial.h&gt;  int rxPin=2; //Goes to the Receiver Pin int txPin=5; //Make sure it is set to pin 5 going to input of receiver  SoftwareSerial txSerial = SoftwareSerial(rxPin, txPin); SoftwareSerial rxSerial = SoftwareSerial(txPin, rxPin); char sendChar ='H';  void setup() {   pinMode(rxPin, INPUT);   pinMode(txPin,OUTPUT);   txSerial.begin(2400);   rxSerial.begin(2400); }  void loop() {   txSerial.println(sendChar);   Serial.print(sendChar); }   Receiver  #include &lt;SoftwareSerial.h&gt;  //Make sure it is set to pin 5 going to the data input of the transmitter int rxPin=5;  int txPin=3; //Don't need to make connections int LED=13; int BUZZ=9; int t=0;  char incomingChar = 0; int counter = 0;  SoftwareSerial rxSerial = SoftwareSerial(rxPin, txPin);  void setup() {   pinMode(rxPin, INPUT); //initilize rxpin as input   pinMode(BUZZ, OUTPUT); //initilize buzz for output   pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); //initilize led for output   rxSerial.begin(2400); //set baud rate for transmission   Serial.begin(2400); //see above }  void loop() {   for(int i=0; i&lt;200; i++) {     incomingChar = rxSerial.read(); //read incoming msg from tx      if (incomingChar =='H') {       counter++; //if we get bit "h" count it       }     delay(5); //delay of 10 secs   }   Serial.println(incomingChar);   Serial.println(counter); //prints the the bits we recieved    if(counter&lt;55) {     //if we receive less than 100 bits than print out of range triggers alarm     Serial.println("out of range");      tone(BUZZ,5000,500);digitalWrite(LED,HIGH);   }   else {     noTone(BUZZ);digitalWrite(LED, LOW);     //if we get more than 100 bits than we are within range turn off alarm     Serial.println("in range");    }    counter = 0;   incomingChar=0; } Why is the Finder app always open? First time Mac user. I am confused by the fact that the finder application is always open. For example, when switching apps with Cmd+Tab, it is always there, even when there are no windows opened for the app. Cmd-tabbing to Finder with no windows/tabs opened for it has no effect (it seems to me it would more intuitive to open a new tab when this action is chosen).   Furthermore, there is no 'Close app' option when I right click the Finder icon in the dock. Am I misunderstanding something about the Finder app? Is it required for proper functioning of Mac OS? From what I see, Finder is just a file browser, which by no means should be forced to be open 100% of the time. I just ordered the Nvidia GTX card. I have a dilemma, though. Should I keep using the driver which is available in "additional drivers" in Ubuntu, or should I install the driver from the Nvidia site?  So which driver is the best for me? Add existing ssh key for git Situation: when a user self-marks their post as a duplicate, it shows as closed by "community" rather than the original poster.  Problems: this is not clear at all to most users of SE what has happened. It looks like the question was "mod closed" as a duplicate against the asker's wishes.    Suggestion: instead of the community user "closing" the post, have the final close user be the asker (or make it "Community &amp; Asker"). This will help clear up confusion and streamline the process for understanding what happens. Is there a way to see the history of questions protected by me or another user? Having a record of all actions taken on a site, as is provided by the &quot;activity&quot; and &quot;votes&quot; tabs of our profile, comes in handy very often. Perhaps the most common case is being able to find a question I've interacted with in the past, to see if anything has changed about it. This applies to questions a user has protected as much as anything else. Users are theoretically encouraged to unprotect questions when it's no longer necessary, as emphasized , but in practice they often do not. In many cases it's hard to blame them: unless they specifically marked it as a favourite, the site doesn't keep any record of the question to allow them to find it again. We should help users more easily review their own protections in the future.    For personal review, the votes tab is adequate, but there may also be value in displaying this publicly in the activity tab. There may be users with a history of repeatedly protecting questions over-eagerly. It would be useful to be able to review other users' protection histories to see if this is the case. Even if this is not available to regular users, it may be helpful to moderators, unless their user activity views already allow them to filter down to see this. Can you combine multiple lists with LINQ? Say I have two lists:  var list1 = new int[] {1, 2, 3}; var list2 = new string[] {"a", "b", "c"};   Is it possible to write a LINQ statement that will generate the following list:  var result = new []{      new {i = 1, s = "a"},     new {i = 1, s = "b"},     new {i = 1, s = "c"},     new {i = 2, s = "a"},     new {i = 2, s = "b"},     new {i = 2, s = "c"},     new {i = 3, s = "a"},     new {i = 3, s = "b"},     new {i = 3, s = "c"} };   ?  Edit: I forgot to mention I didn't want it in query syntax. Anyway, based on preetsangha's answer I've got the following:  var result = list1.SelectMany(i =&gt;  list2.Select(s =&gt; new {i = i, s = s})); In chapter 2, the section on bitwise operators (section 2.9), I'm having trouble understanding how one of the sample methods works.  Here's the method provided:  unsigned int getbits(unsigned int x, int p, int n) {     return (x &gt;&gt; (p + 1 - n)) &amp; ~(~0 &lt;&lt; n); }   The idea is that, for the given number x, it will return the n bits starting at position p, counting from the right (with the farthest right bit being position 0). Given the following main() method:  int main(void) {     int x = 0xF994, p = 4, n = 3;     int z = getbits(x, p, n);     printf("getbits(%u (%x), %d, %d) = %u (%X)\n", x, x, p, n, z, z);      return 0; }   The output is:     getbits(63892 (f994), 4, 3) = 5 (5)   I get portions of this, but am having trouble with the "big picture," mostly because of the bits (no pun intended) that I don't understand.  The part I'm specifically having issues with is the complements piece: ~(~0 &lt;&lt; n). I think I get the first part, dealing with x; it's this part (and then the mask) that I'm struggling with -- and how it all comes together to actually retrieve those bits. (Which I've verified it is doing, both with code and checking my results using calc.exe -- thank God it has a binary view!)  Any help? How can I change GNOME Shell theme? Double line spacing I would like to typeset a draft of my document with double linespacing so that my collaborators have space to write in their edits (with a pen).  How do I do it? Seatpost Overextension I've been riding with my very short seat post extended well past its maximum extension line for quite a while now. Looking at the seat post itself I don't see any signs of deformation or damage other than some very minor surface rust.   Could my bike frame have been damaged? Could the lever force have damaged the frame? I can post some pictures of the frame if needed. My bike is all aluminum. Java - Splitting a CSV file into an Array Why is mathematical induction a valid proof technique? Context: I'm studying for my discrete mathematics exam and I keep running into this question that I've failed to solve. The question is as follows.    Problem: The main form for normal induction over natural numbers $n$ takes the following form:   $P(1)$ is true, and for every $n, P(n-1)\to P(n).\qquad\qquad\qquad\text{[Sometimes written as $P(n)\to P(n+1)$]}$   If both 1 and 2 are true, then $P(n)$ is true for every $n$.  The question is to prove the correctness of the form above.    My work: My idea was to make a boolean statement and if it's a tautology in a true false table. That means the statement is always correct.  I've tried many times but I've failed.  Here is the original question in Hebrew:  n טענה כלשהי לגבי מםפר טבעי  $P(n)$ תהי   אם מתקימיים שני התנאים הבאים:  1- הטענה $P(0)$ נכונה  2- לכל n>0, $P(n)$ נכונות הטענה $P(n-1)$ גוררת את נכונות הטענה   אז $P(n)$ נכונה לכל מספר טבעי n  הוכיחו את נכונות משפט זה How can I remove duplicate rows?