Ubuntu 13.10 - Black screen after login session
My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?
Can $R \times R$ be isomorphic to $R$ as rings? Java Generics: List, List, List When I wake up and do stretching I hear some sounds from my joints. What do you call this crunching sound from bone joints? Privacy leak in permalink? Update (Jan 8, 2019) This is now 8 years old, but still getting occasional upvotes/attention, so I thought it's worth giving a summary of the current state.  Despite originally being , over the last decade some changes have made the privacy implications much clearer.  You now click &quot;share&quot; instead of &quot;link&quot;, and the pop-up is very explicit that the link includes your user ID. There is a  asking that this user ID be anonymized or hashed, to allow users to earn publicity badges (the intention behind having the user ID present in the URL, as per ) while eliminating the privacy issue. Original Post It seems to me there is something of a privacy leak when permalinking to a question.  For what I would assume is the purposes of tracking which user is responsible for bringing traffic back to an SE site (for badges, etc.), the user ID of the user obtaining the permanent link . I wouldn't argue that this shouldn't be the case, but I find no warning or mention of this when I do these actions.  I'm sure I'm not the only one that doesn't desire anonymity on SO but would like at least pseudonymity on some places I might share a SO link, such as on a random blog.  As a user, I would not expect sharing a permanent link to leak my identity.   Unless you are familiar with Stack Exchange links or your own userID, it's certainly not obvious by looking at the link that it includes your personal info.  It'd be nice to have fair warning that using that feature will do so, and perhaps provide/describe the workaround: to simply remove the user-id segment from the URL.  Other features would be a preference that formats future permanent links to exclude the user id. Example (from this question)  Permalink:  Link to my user page: Solutions to the equation $ze^{a-z}=1$ Let $a \in \mathbb{R}, a&gt;1,$ and consider the equation $$ze^{a-z}=1$$ How many solutions does this equation have in the unit disk, and how many of those solutions are real?   My attempt to solve was to use the Argument Principle on the function $f(z)=ze^{a-z}-1$, in hopes of recovering the number of zeroes that way. The integral I attempted to compute for this was $$\int_{|z|=1} \frac{e^{a-z}-ze^{a-z}}{ze^{a-z}-1}dz=\int_{|z|=1}\frac{1-z}{z-e^{z-a}}dz$$  I do not know how to proceed from here, as the $e^{z-a}$ in the denominator seems problematic. Thanks for your help! I searched wide and far and couldn't come up with a title for a movie I watched somewhere around the mid-90ies up to early 00's as a rerun in late-night television (in Germany, specifically on Vox; but I'm sure it was an American movie to begin with).  Basically, what I remember from the story revolves around a crew in a space station or maybe space ship of some sort. Some crew members murder other crew members and there is some kind of door they are not supposed/unable to go through. Late in the movie they do go through the door and I'm pretty sure one of the first views is a skeleton of a dead security guard. It turns out the whole thing was some kind of simulation gone wrong and they find themselves to be in a (nuclear?) wasteland. And that's pretty much the revelation/wrap-up of the movie, as I recall it.  I would be delighted if somebody had any idea what movie this could be :) Thanks!  EDIT: The whole movie was in color and I think it was feature-length, not just 45 mins. prevent php classes from being extends How do I remove extra Skype icon or ghost icons for removed apps from GNOME shell? A few months ago I set full disk encryption during installation of Ubuntu 17.10. Now, I've decided to upgrade. The upgrade ran to the end without any problems. However, after reboot I am not able to log into my encrypted disk.  Where can be the problem? I am 100% sure I press the "right keys" on the keyboard, but technically I don't know what I am writing because of "*" characters and maybe after upgrade my keyboard layout changed. I use some characters which might be somewhere else on the keyboard. What language is default after upgrade?   By the way, I've already tried Caps-lock, but still no luck.  Help will be really appreciated. I am not a fan of installing my system and all backups over and over again. I currently have a masters degree in an engineering field and I don't currently have any PhD degrees (I may study for a doctorate degree in future). It happens that when I go to conferences or scientific occasions, even in the emails I receive from people; they use a doctor prefix for my name; but I do not have a PhD degree.  What is a good etiquette to deal with such thing? Should I directly tell them that I do not have a doctorate degree? Or should I neglect such a mistake by them and don't do anything?  I think it is unethical not to correct such thing, because the person may still think that I have a PhD degree; and such wrong usage of title should be corrected some way. Once a person used doctor title for my name in an email and I just added a line in my reply to his email, stating that I have a masters degree. My last name is not the same on ticket as on passport; rest of details are same Simulate Multiple Monitors I'm trying to find out if there is a product out there to simulate Multiple Monitors on one large monitor/tv?  So take a screen and turn it into something like below...  -------------------------------- |               |              | |               |              | |               |              | |               |              | -------------------------------- |               |              | |               |              | |               |              | |               |              | --------------------------------   Something like this...even though in reality it's a single screen.  A software solution is perfectly fine as long as it functions like the built in Windows 8 functionality (Start screen only consumes the screen it was started on/etc).  If anyone is curious as to the reason.  I'm looking to get a treadmill desk since I'm a developer and don't like being sedentary all day.  So the two options that I see are having 4 monitors and mirroring them (I don't want to have to worry about forgetting to move the window that I need) or getting a large monitor/tv and putting it on an arm that I can simply swivel into place.  There are dual-monitor swivel mounts, but they are EXTREMELY pricey and the ones I've found don't appear to have the range of motion that I'm anticipating needing.  EDIT:  I found ... but I can't find the answer to the start menu question (I've sent the company a message on facebook).  Hoping I hear good news as this appears to offer many of the features I'm wanting.  So Fingers crossed there. Holomorphic self map on the open unit disc Does there exist a holomorphic function $f:\mathbb{D}\longrightarrow\mathbb{D}$ such that $f(1/2)=-1/2$ and $f'(1/4)=1$, where $\mathbb{D}=\{z:|z|&lt;1\}$? Why should edits be at least six non-space characters? Earlier today I got this message:  Oops! Your edit couldn't be submitted because:   Edits must be at least 6 non-space characters; is there something else to improve in this post?   However, the purpose of my edit was to change the formatting for a message to show code.  There may have been other grammatical mistakes that could have been, but in general it is possible that there would not be.  What's the correct protocol to handle a situation like this? How can I disable landscape mode in Android? How can I disable landscape mode for some of the views in my Android app? How are reserved and formal synonyms? In the dictionary reserved means - not revealing emotions and formal means - prim or stiff. I saw they were synonym in the Google dictionary. What makes these two words similar, I wonder? I want to create posters for my poster presentation on a conference. What tools or LaTeX classes are available for preparing posters ? How can I force SQL Server Management Studio to update the IntelliSense cache? IntelliSense in SSMS isn't updating unless I shut it down and restart. I've tried disconnecting from the server and reconnecting while the SSMS session is active, but that isn't working.  Steps to recreate:    Create a table  Select something from that table SSMS displays squiggly red lines under it with the tip "invalid object name" Execute the query   How can I force IntelliSense to update without restarting SSMS? Can $n!$ be a perfect square when $n$ is an integer greater than $1$? Can $n!$ be a perfect square when $n$ is an integer greater than $1$?  Clearly, when $n$ is prime, $n!$ is not a perfect square because the exponent of $n$ in $n!$ is $1$.  The same goes when $n-1$ is prime, by considering the exponent of $n-1$. What is the answer for a general value of $n$?  (And is it possible, to prove without Bertrand's postulate. Because Bertrands postulate is quite a strong result.) skype 4.3 cannot connect to account on ubuntu 14.04 LTS I have being using Skype for a long time on my Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. From this morning on, Skype simple cannot connect to my account anymore.  That is my Skype version:     Skype 4.3.0.37   © 2014 Skype and/or Microsoft   My Ubuntu system:  LSB Version:    core-2.0-amd64:core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-amd64:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-amd64:core-3.1-noarch:core-3.2-amd64:core-3.2-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-3.0-amd64:cxx-3.0-noarch:cxx-3.1-amd64:cxx-3.1-noarch:cxx-3.2-amd64:cxx-3.2-noarch:cxx-4.0-amd64:cxx-4.0-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-3.1-amd64:desktop-3.1-noarch:desktop-3.2-amd64:desktop-3.2-noarch:desktop-4.0-amd64:desktop-4.0-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:graphics-2.0-amd64:graphics-2.0-noarch:graphics-3.0-amd64:graphics-3.0-noarch:graphics-3.1-amd64:graphics-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.2-amd64:graphics-3.2-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.1-amd64:graphics-4.1-noarch:languages-3.2-amd64:languages-3.2-noarch:languages-4.0-amd64:languages-4.0-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:multimedia-3.2-amd64:multimedia-3.2-noarch:multimedia-4.0-amd64:multimedia-4.0-noarch:multimedia-4.1-amd64:multimedia-4.1-noarch:printing-3.2-amd64:printing-3.2-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch:qt4-3.1-amd64:qt4-3.1-noarch:security-4.0-amd64:security-4.0-noarch:security-4.1-amd64:security-4.1-noarch Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS Release:    14.04 Codename:   trusty   Any suggestion why or how to fix it?  Thanks in advance.