What is $\mathbb E[X\mid \sin(X)]$ when $X$ is uniform on $[0,\pi]$?
Conditional expectation of $X$ given $\sin(X)$
It is possible to make ls -l output the size field with digits grouped by thousands? If so, how?  For instance:  $ ls -l -rw-rw---- 1 dahl dahl 43,210,052 2012-01-01 21:52 test.py   (Note the commas in the size).  Maybe by modifying the LC_NUMERIC setting inside the locale I'm using (en_US.utf8)?  I'm on Kubuntu 12.04 LTS. Testing AuraHandledExceptions? It seems like when I call getMessage on a thrown AuraHandledException, I see "Script-thrown Exception" instead of the message that I have set. Any idea why this may be happening?  Controller:       @AuraEnabled     public static Conversation__c makeConversation(String tonum, String objid)     {         if (tonum.length() != 10)             throw new AuraHandledException('ToNumber length invalid.');     }   TestController:  @isTest     static void testMakeConversationInvalidTo()     {         Boolean testPass = false;         String fromNumber = '1234567890';         String toNumber = '1';          List&lt;ConversationController.ConversationWrapper&gt; test =    ConversationController.getConversations();         System.assertEquals(0, test.size());         try {             ConversationController.makeConversation(toNumber, '0');         } catch (AuraHandledException e) {             System.debug(e.getMessage());             System.debug(e.getTypeName());             System.assert(e.getMessage().contains('ToNumber length invalid'));             testPass = true;         }     }   Return:  16:26:28:477 USER_DEBUG [320]|DEBUG|Script-thrown exception 16:26:28:477 USER_DEBUG [321]|DEBUG|System.AuraHandledException How to make a disk image and restore from it later? Peggy would like to prove to Victor that she knows the discrete logarithm of $y$ based $g$; that is, she knows $x$ such that $y = g^x \bmod p$. One round of the interactive proof protocol consists of the following steps.   Peggy picks random $k \in \mathbb Z/(p−1)\mathbb Z$, computes $t = g^k \bmod p$, and sends $t$ to Victor. Victor picks random $h \in \mathbb Z/(p−1)\mathbb Z$ and sends $h$ to Peggy. Peggy computes $r = (k − hx) \bmod (p − 1)$ and sends $r$ to Victor. Victor verifies that $t = g^r y^h \bmod p$.   The interactive protocol can be converted into a noninteractive zero-knowledge proof by choosing and making public a collision-resistant hash function $H$, and changing the second step of the interactive protocol to the following: Peggy computes $h = H(y, t)$. Then the noninteractive proof consists of $(t, h, r)$, which can be verified as follows: $$h = H(y, t), \qquad t \stackrel?= g^r y^h \bmod p.$$   What is the problem if in the non-interactive proof the hash $h$ depends only on $y$? That is, $h = H(y)$, and the proof consists of $(t, h, r)$, which can be verified as follows: $$h = H(y), \qquad t \stackrel?= g^r y^h \bmod p.$$ What is the problem if in the non-interactive proof the hash $h$ depends only on $t$? That is, $h = H(t)$, and the proof consists of $(t, h, r)$, which can be verified as follows: $$h = H(t), \qquad t \stackrel?= g^r y^h \bmod p.$$ Accessing static member through invalid pointer: guaranteed to "work"? This is what my GRUB 2 menu looks like so far:  I want to do a few things here:  I want to rename &quot;Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda1)&quot; to just &quot;Windows 8.1&quot;. I'd like to rename &quot;Ubuntu&quot; to &quot;Lubuntu 14.04.1&quot;. I'd also like to switch the order of the options to this:  Windows 8.1 Lubuntu 14.04.1 Advanced options for Lubuntu    (Windows will be the default OS) If it helps in any way, I'll explain the steps I took prior to this, since I am very new to Linux and don't know what information is required.  I bought a laptop on Amazon (ASUS X551MAV-EB01-B) pre-installed with Windows 8.1 64-bit I downloaded the proper Lubuntu .iso file for my system (Lubuntu 14.04.1 amd64) and put it on my flash drive (via UNetBootin) I went to Disk Management, and shrunk the C:/ drive down 32Gb so that 32Gb will be free for Lubuntu I used my flash drive (32Gb Sandisk Cruzer) as a LiveUSB for Lubuntu 14.04.1 I went through the install process. It didn't recognize Windows 8.1 so I had to do the &quot;Something Else&quot; option. I highlighted the free space, and pressed the + button I created a 10,000mb ext4 partition and mount point is / (is now dev/sda7) I created a 4,000mb swap area partition (is now dev/sda8) I created an ext4 partition using the rest of the free space and the mount point is /home (is now dev/sda9) I selected dev/sda7 to install Lubuntu and selected dev/sda7 for the bootloader installation It installed just fine, booted up just fine, and I'm happy to know the GRUB menu works. How do I get evolution items like King's Rock? Here is the top output which I gathered:    I noticed that top is showing vlc's cpu usage is > 100%.  Can anybody please justify me why it is showing like this, whether this is a bug in top application or something else. I want to draw a table and i used the following code  \begin{table}[htbp]  \centering \caption{Ship simulator required inputs} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline L_{PP},  L_{WL}, L_{OS}, B, T, T_{a}, T_{f}, C_{B}, D_{P}, `\\` Bulbous bow, Number of bosses, brackets, thrusters. &amp; ship particulars `\\` \hline Required speed or propeller rpm, ship course angle &amp; Mission data \\ \hline BN, weather angle, water temperature &amp; Environment \\  \hline \end{tabular}% \label{inputs}% \end{table}%`   the result of this is as shown in figure    How can i complete the right border of the table ??? I used \\ to break the line of first row Is there a non written rule to which person to use in the PhD thesis, 5 years of using "We" in the papers have brought me to the innate necessity to do it every time I describe something.  Recently, though, one of my lab-mates told me that I should use I, since it is your work, if the thesis were co-written, then it would be a different story.  Is there any standard in your universities, or do you have any preferred practice. What is serial voting and how does it affect me? Is my mobile AMD card being used? I'm completely new and lost in Ubuntu 12.04, I'm having trouble navigating to my Sublime folder which I know is in my /opt folder. Yet I've tried to no avail to navigate into it via Terminal window. The directory is colored in blue, no idea what this means...but I am able to access the folder using the GUI explorer...?  k@k-Ubuntu:~$ cd /opt k@k-Ubuntu:/opt$ ls Sublime Text 2 k@k-Ubuntu:/opt$ cd Sublime Text 2 bash: cd: Sublime: No such file or directory k@k-Ubuntu:/opt$ cd /Sublime Text 2 bash: cd: /Sublime: No such file or directory Flex: Figure out when the running swf was compiled? The title says it all, just wondered if accessing the iOS will count towards your consecutive visited days. Do web designers need to know how to code? As a web developer, both front-end and back end architect, I work with many different designers and sometimes find it frustrating working with design comps where no thought was put into how to accomplish the design in basic CSS and HTML.  On the other hand as a developer I'm expected to be able to produce code from any design.  Do web designers need to know basic modern CSS and HTML techniques?  Why or why not is this important for a well rounded web designer?  Some general thoughts:   Front end web developers should be skilled enough to code up any design. Web designers should have an understanding of how users will actually interact with their design. Design shops would rather have designers design and leave all the coding up to the developers. Is it possible to make the -init method private in Objective-C? I need to hide (make private) the -init method of my class in Objective-C.  How can I do that? When choosing cards for a deck, one of the most important things to consider is the number of land you put in. The biggest issue is mana curve, of course. What shortcuts are best for determining the proper amount of land with a given mana curve? Mental estimate for tangent of an angle (from $0$ to $90$ degrees) TexMaker - "File not found" when viewing as pdf At the moment I'm having a problem when trying to view my LaTeX file as a PDF. Whether I do it internal or external I both the error "File not found.".  I have no idea what file it means. I've read somewhere it has to with my Acrobat Reader, but I still can't get it fixed. And I think it's worth mentioning that I work on Windows 7, as I've also read that Texmaker on Windows has some bugs.  Any help will be appreciated!