Moving a shape around the earth while maintaining the proper projection
How to translate coordinates on the earth
I am working on a media project that contains little clips from movies and I wonder if there any way to avoid downloading all of the data instead only the specified parts of the movies? I'm using TeXLive 2014. Here's a MWE:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tkz-fct}         % Must appear before {thmtools}  \usepackage{thmtools} \declaretheorem{theorem}  \begin{document}   \begin{tikzpicture}     \tkzInit  % No need to even plot anything!   \end{tikzpicture}    \begin{theorem}[A Silly Theorem]     Let $a = 1$. Then $a &gt; 0$.   \end{theorem} \end{document}   The error message is:  ! Extra \endcsname. \kv@processor@default ...fincsname\@xa \endcsname                                                   \csname iftrue\endcsname \... l.12   \begin{theorem}[A Silly Theorem]   If the optional theorem name is removed, all is well. Adding \protect{} doesn't help.  Any idea how to remove this conflict?  Thanks! In a 2-columned document, how do you get a table to stretch across the entire width? I'm working on a document that runs two columns of text down the page, like many scientific conference proceedings.  However, I'd like for a table to run across the entire width of the page, as it is far too wide to fit into one column.  How do I do this? Hill Cipher known plaintext attack I know a plaintext - ciphertext couple of length 6 for a hill cipher where its key is a [3x3] matrix.  Based on what I've read and learned, to attack and crack keys of [n x n], if we know a plaintext - ciphertext duo of length $n^2$ then we have our set of n equations with n variables, and this is generally solvable. However in my case there is only length of $6$ instead of $n^2 = 9$ .   My question is, how will I solve this problem and find the key? Or, since this is an obvious homework question, what should be my way of thinking? I cannot think of anything else but matrix multiplications and inverses but they do not help me at all. Is it a weakness to use a single shared secret for protecting messages using a Encrypt-then-MAC scheme?    Assuming a system is using AES-256-CBC and a SHA1-HMAC and the same secret key for both operations.  Upon intercepting one of these messages and attacker could brute force this secret key by trying to solve the HMAC or by successfully decrypting the first block of the ciphertext.  Performing  a decryption on a single block of AES-256 should be a lighter operation than performing a SHA1-HMAC on a potentially large message.  Therefore AES-256 is ideal for a massively parallel brute-force attack and the use of the SHA1-HMAC doesn't hurt the system.  Is this approach sound, or is there an attack that has not been taken into consideration? I have a Dirichlet distribution from which I'm maximizing $\alpha$ by calculating the log likelihood with the following equation  $p\left(s|\alpha\right) = \sum\limits_{i=1}^O\log\left(\frac{n_i!}{\prod\limits_{j=1}^kn_{ij}!}\frac{\Gamma\left(\alpha_0\right)}{\Gamma\left(\sum\limits_{j=1}^k\left(n_{ij}+a_j\right)\right)} \prod\limits_{j=1}^k \frac{\Gamma\left(n_{ij}+\alpha_j\right)}{\Gamma\left(\alpha_j\right)}\right)$  I have a python script to calculate the log likelihood. It works for small values, but when $n_{ij}$ gets high $\Gamma\left(\sum\limits_{j=1}^k\left(n_{ij}+a_j\right)\right)$ and $\Gamma\left(n_{ij}+\alpha_j\right)$ python runs into overflow error (the max for math.gamma is between 171 and 172).   Is there a way to change the likelihood function so that $\Gamma\left(\sum\limits_{j=1}^k\left(n_{ij}+a_j\right)\right)$ and $\Gamma\left(n_{ij}+\alpha_j\right)$ don't run into overflow errors. Can I just divide the values in $\Gamma$ by for example 100, if I then compare the likelihood between $p(s|\alpha)$ with different $\alpha$ values do the best $\alpha$ values still have the highest likelihood? Can colliding gravitational waves create a black hole? Cannot open adobe reader on Ubuntu 12.10 64bits I downloaded AdbeRdr9.5.1-1_i386linux_enu.deb from the official website and installed it. Nothing wrong happened during the installation. But when I click Adobe Reader's icon, it has no response. Neither can I open a pdf file with Adobe Reader.  I checked that the package name is adobereader-enu:i386. Apex REST API - Unable to set StatusCode to 429 I am trying to set the status code to 429 for Too many request using the code below:  if(Limits.getQueries() &lt; Limits.getLimitQueries()){               upsert UpdateData;               }               else if((Limits.getQueries() &gt;= Limits.getLimitQueries()))               {                   RestContext.response.statusCode = 429;                   UpdateError[] err = new UpdateError[]{                    new UpdateReturnError(UpdateData.Id, 'Too many Requests', 'Error updating MessageID ' + msg.MessageId)                 };                 RestContext.response.responseBody = Blob.valueOf(JSON.serialize(err));                 RestContext.response.addHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');                 break;               }             }   I am getting the following error in the raw response:    Can someone help me out with this? Ruby Style: How to check whether a nested hash element exists This is the PATH variable without sudo:  $ echo 'echo $PATH' | sh  /opt/local/ruby/bin:/usr/bin:/bin   This is the PATH variable with sudo:  $ echo 'echo $PATH' | sudo sh /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin   As far as I can tell, sudo is supposed to leave PATH untouched. What's going on? How do I change this? (This is on Ubuntu 8.04).  UPDATE: as far as I can see, none of the scripts started as root change PATH in any way.  From man sudo:      To prevent command spoofing, sudo   checks ``.'' and ``'' (both denoting   current directory) last when searching   for a command in the user's PATH (if   one or both are in the PATH). Note,   however, that the actual PATH   environment variable is not modified   and is passed unchanged to the program   that sudo executes. Let $\left| {{a_{ii}}} \right| > \sum\limits_{i \ne j} {\left| {{a_{ij}}} \right|} $.Why does $A$ is nonsingular? . Over the years I have seen a few people transport a dog on a bike.  What options have you seen?   Please include a photo in your answer if possible. If $x_n \to 0$, show that $\sqrt{x_n} \to 0$ Let $x_n \geq 0$ for all $n \in N$. If $(x_n) \to 0$, show that $(\sqrt{x_n}) \to 0$  Unless I am missing something, this seems simple to me. Since $x_n$ converges for an arbitrary $\epsilon^2&gt;0$, we have $|x_n| &lt;\epsilon^2 $ for $n\geq N$. Taking square roots here we have $\sqrt{x_n}&lt;\epsilon$ for all $n\geq N$ which is what we needed to show. Is that all? If so, then why $x_n \geq 0$ is important? Cleaning wax and pesticide from apple skin Cannot get 2 raster files of same cell size to align ArcMap 10.2 I am going to put an additional (non-USB) hard drive in my system. I already have Ubuntu on my other hard drive so I do not want to install Ubuntu on the additional drive but only use it for storage. How do I add the additional hard drive to my Ubuntu system, e.g. make Ubuntu recognize it and mount it properly? Where to find cross section data for $e^{-}$ + $p$ $\longrightarrow$  $p$ + $e^{-}$ ?  does not include it. Windows allows the  of certain files or folders. I currently have a Windows folder that is set to "encrypt contents to secure data". (The Windows partition is NTFS.)  If I mount this drive under Linux, is there anyway to decrypt the contents of the directory so that I can read the files without having to reboot into Windows? problems with ellipse TikZ I'm working on a mac, I use the package TikZ and it works. But I have problems when I want use ellipse or diamond ex :  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{tikz} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} \node[ellipse] {Ellipse}; \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}   If somebody could help me thank you !