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Keep the same field headers after joining a table to a shapefile in QGIS I noticed that after joining a table to a shapefile the headers of each fields in the table used for the join are changed by QGIS and they are attributed to a different name.  For instance, I had a shapefile with vegetation_codes and a table with vegetation_codes and veg_definition (these were the headers). After joining the table to the shapefile and also saving the shapefile and creating a new one, the vegetation_classes header was changed into vegetati_1.  Is there a way to keep the original headers?  I am using QGIS Dufour on Windows 7 and the table that I join to the shapefile is CSV (tried with dbf as well and the problem is the same). Changing column of multiple csv files I have a csv file called scenario1.csv in which the second column has column names like "0-4 years high risk", "65+ years first responder" etc. There are 20 such values. The 21st row, 2nd column has the same entry as in the 1st row of the 2nd column. I would like to rename these values to p1-p20 respectively. So the 21st row would have the p1 tag with it. Everything without quotes. I have a 150 such files, named scenario1.csv, scenario2.csv ... How do I do this? Below is an example for a shorter file:  t,  group,               1,  3,  5 0,  0-4 years low risk,  0,  0,  0 0,  0-4 years high risk, 0,  0,  1 .....,  ....  0,  0-4 years low risk, 0,  0,   0   Expected output for each file:     t,  group,  1,  3,  5    0,  p1,     0,  0,  0    0,  p2,     0,  0,  0     .....,  ....     0,  p1,     0,  0,  0    Here's the dictionary I need:  0-4 years first responder   p1 0-4 years high risk         p2 ....... 65+ years low risk          p19 65+ years pregnant women    p20 Defaulting on credit cards before leaving the country I have a colleague who is going back to his country after staying for a couple of years in US. He has 3-4 credit cards plus a personal loan. His total debt would come to around $10,000. Some days ago, he told me he is going to default on the accounts. He figures, since he is not planning to come back to US, it should not matter to him.  Question is, is this a bad move on his part, and if it is, how can I convince him? Top Down RPG Movement w/ Correction? I would hope that we have all played Zelda: A Link to the Past, please correct me if I'm wrong, but I want to emulate that kind of 2D, top-down character movement with a touch of correction. It has been done in other games, but I feel this reference would be the easiest to relate to.  More specifically the kind of movement and correction I'm talking about is:   Floating movement not restricted to tile based movement like Pokemon and other games where one tap of the movement pad moves you one square in that cardinal direction. This floating movement should be able to achieve diagonal motion. If you're walking West and you come to a wall that is diagonal in a North East/South West fashion, you are corrected into a South West movement even if you continue holding left (West) on the controller. This should work for both diagonals correcting in both directions. If you're a few pixels off from walking squarely into a door or hallway, you are corrected into walking through the hall or down the hallway, i.e. bumping into the corner causes you to be pushed into the hall/door.   I've hunted for efficient ways to achieve this and have had no luck. To be clear I'm talking about the human character's movement, not an NPC's movement. Are their resources available on this kind of movement? Equations or algorithms explained on a wiki or something?  I'm using the XNA Framework, is there anything in it to help with this? Sum over all non-evil numbers I'm working on the following contest math problem:     Define an evil number to be any positive integer that contains the   digit $9$. Show that      $$ \sum_{x} \frac{1}{x} &lt; 80 $$      where the sum is over all non-evil positive integers $x$.   I'm very confused on where to begin. Initially, I tried to consider this sum as part of the sum of $1/x$ over all positive integers, namely by noting that  $$ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n} = \sum_{x} \frac{1}{x} + \sum_{y} \frac{1}{y} $$  where the first summation on the right side is the same as in the problem statement and the second is the sum over all evil numbers. However, I can't seem to find a way to use this since the sum of the left diverges.  Could anyone lend a helping hand? How to avoid NoMethodError for nil elements when accessing nested hashes? Correct user names when tracking /etc/ in git repository and committing as root We use git to track changes in /etc/ on our servers.  Administrators work as root when changing files in /etc/, and thus their commits have author  root &lt;root@machinename&gt;   This is not very satisfying since you cannot see which admin actually did the change.  What can we do to get the real admin names in the git log? I don't think that keeping a local clone of the repository is feasible since we often change interatively until something works, and a change-commit-push-seeError-repeat cycle would not help here. Execute bash script from URL Inform new users if they can upvote an answer they accepted I surprisingly often stumble upon answers which were accepted but clearly not upvoted by the asker. For example, the answer has not received any upvotes at all or the asker’s vote count is zero. While I acknowledge that , most such cases happen with new users, who have only recently received the privilege to vote and who upvote after a friendly reminder.  Given the anonymity of votes and that I do not check the asker’s profile for every question with an accepted answer I stumbled upon, I assume that there is a huge dark figure for this phenomenon. Also, I naturally most often spot this on my own answers, which makes reminding the asker of their privileges somewhat awkward.  I thus propose that users which accept an answer are reminded by a pop-up that they can upvote it, if:   They haven’t already upvoted it. They have the reputation required for voting. They have cast less than a handful of votes.   I consider the latter criterion to be better than an upper reputation for which the message is displayed, since I know at least one user with several thousand reputation points, who has cast much less upvotes or votes on answers than he has accepted answers on some sites (not that his acceptance rate or general feedback on answers is spectacular). creating a db schema I am trying to create a schema page in LaTeX. It shall look like this.   How can I create schema code which look like this image? There should be also a click to go function. When the user clicks on the user_schema link he should be redirected to that page.  What classes I can use for this? Any suggestions would be appreciated.    \documentclass{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}  \begin{document} \maketitle  \section{User schema} \mySchema{Users} {     _id: ObjectId - Id do registro     name: String - Nome do usuário     date: Date - Data de Cadastro     ren_date: Date - Data de renovação do Cadastro     email: String - Lorem ipsum dolorsitamet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minimveniam, exercitationullamcolaborisnisi ut aliquipexeacommodoconsequat. Duisautereprehenderit in voluptatevelit esse cillumdolore eu fugiatnullapariatur. Occaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa quiofficiadeseruntmollit.     access_log: Array [          {              date: String - Data da ocorrência.             user: ObjectId - Usuário que executou.             action: String - Ação Executada.         }         {              date: String - Data da ocorrência.             user: ObjectId - Usuário que executou.             action: String - Ação Executada.         }     ]     \link{group}{group_id}: ObjectId - Id do grupo. } \end{document}   Here is the image how should it appear: How did the AT-ATs get to the surface of Hoth? Even though JRE 8 is installed on my MAC OS Yosemite, the error - " No Java Runtime present,requesting to install " What happens to the energy when waves perfectly cancel each other (destructive interference)? It appears that the energy "disappear" but the law of conservation of energy states that it can't be destructed. My guess is that the kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy. Or maybe it depends on the context of the waves where do the energy goes? Can someone elaborate on that or correct me if I'm wrong? Currently, for all my commands that require root access, I have to type them out on a command line.  I would like for the GUI to prompt me to key in my password, when sudo is required, instead of having to type out the commands from command line.  Is there any way to enable this? Previously one version of Ubuntu desktop had this feature out of the box.  This version of Ubuntu (that I am now running) I upgraded from a server installation.  I will add, my user account is already added to sudo group. Thus I can run commands such as sudo gedit or sudo apt-get but I'm not able to install software in the Ubuntu Software Center. Why does a force not do any work if it's perpendicular to the motion? I have a book that says the Moon's orbit is [in this context assumed to be] circular. The Earth does no work on the moon. The gravitational force is perpendicular to the motion. Why is there no work done if support force is perpendicular to the motion? Evaluating $\int\sqrt{\frac{1-x^2}{1+x^2}}\mathrm dx$ Evaluating $$\int\sqrt{\frac{1-x^2}{1+x^2}}\mathrm dx$$   I had read the , but it doesn't work. How to use WPF Background Worker When playing with the complete elliptic integral of the first kind and its Fourier-Legendre expansion, I discovered that a consequence of $\sum_{n\geq 0}\binom{2n}{n}^2\frac{1}{16^n(4n+1)}=\frac{1}{16\pi^2}\,\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^4 $ is:     $$\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\arctan x}{\sqrt{x(1-x^2)}}\,dx = \tfrac{1}{32}\sqrt{2\pi}\,\Gamma\left(\tfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\tag{A}$$   which might be regarded as a sort of Ahmed's integral under steroids.  I already have a proof of this statement (through Fourier-Legendre expansions), but I would be happy to see a more direct and elementary proof of it, also because it might have some consequences about the moments of $K(x)$ of the form $\int_{0}^{1}K(x)\,x^{m\pm 1/4}\,dx$, which are associated with peculiar hypergeometric functions. We put all of our unit tests in their own projects.  We find that we have to make certain classes public instead of internal just for the unit tests.  Is there anyway to avoid having to do this.  What are the memory implication by making classes public instead of sealed? Read two column CSV as dict with 1st column as key