Application of orbits and Sylow Theorems
Distinct Sylow P subgroups
Use of 'const' for function parameters How far do you go with const?  Do you just make functions const when necessary or do you go the whole hog and use it everywhere?  For example, imagine a simple mutator that takes a single boolean parameter:  void SetValue(const bool b) { my_val_ = b; }   Is that const actually useful?  Personally I opt to use it extensively, including parameters, but in this case I wonder if it's worthwhile?  I was also surprised to learn that you can omit const from parameters in a function declaration but can include it in the function definition, e.g.:  .h file  void func(int n, long l);   .cpp file  void func(const int n, const long l)   Is there a reason for this? It seems a little unusual to me. Command line command to auto-kill a command after a certain amount of time I'd like to automatically kill a command after a certain amount of time.  I have in mind an interface like this:  % constrain 300 ./foo args   Which would run "./foo" with "args" but automatically kill it if it's still running after 5 minutes.  It might be useful to generalize the idea to other constraints, such as autokilling a process if it uses too much memory.  Are there any existing tools that do that, or has anyone written such a thing?  ADDED: Jonathan's solution is precisely what I had in mind and it works like a charm on linux, but I can't get it to work on Mac OSX.  I got rid of the SIGRTMIN which lets it compile fine, but the signal just doesn't get sent to the child process.  Anyone know how to make this work on Mac?  [Added: Note that an update is available from Jonathan that works on Mac and elsewhere.] GLR Test for 2 samples from exponential distributions How can all labels of a given type of node be restyled in Tikz?  Imagine that there are nodes of different styles, and that only the nodes of style X should have red labels. Is this possible without having to change all labels one by one of nodes of style X? Remember a half-typed command while I check something I often find myself in the following position: I've started typing a long command at the bash prompt, but half-way through I find out I need to check something with another command. This is a problem when I'm at the console (no X), which is often the case, because then I only have the following unsatisfactory ways to do it, that I know of:    Hit ctrl+alt+F2 and log in on another virtual console, and find out what I wanted, then go back and continue  ctrl+a, type echo + space + enter, find out what I wanted, press ↑ until I find my command, ctrl+a, del x 5, ctrl+e, and continue  Highlight what I've typed so far with my mouse (if gpm is running, which it usually is), press ctrl+c to interrupt, find out what I wanted while being careful not to use my mouse to highlight stuff, then press middle mouse button on a new prompt and continue  Pray to the command line gods that the half-written command will have no adverse effects but simply fail, and gingerly press enter, then find out what I wanted, press uparrow until I get my command back, and continue  Jump into my time machine, travel back in time and remind myself to start screen before starting to type command, travel back to the present, press ctrl+a c, find out what I wanted, press ctrl+a ctrl+a, and continue   So what I want to know is, is there some more elegant way of doing this? A sort of subshell-command or similar?  I'm most interested in methods that do not require any preparations or setup to work. How can I prove this inequality in a triangle: $\frac{1}{(b+c-a)} +\frac{1}{(c+a-b)} +\frac{1}{(a+b-c)} \gt \frac{1}{a} +\frac{1}{b} +\frac{1}{c}$? If $a,b,c$ are the sides of a triangle then show that- $\frac{1}{(b+c-a)} +\frac{1}{(c+a-b)} +\frac{1}{(a+b-c)} \gt \frac{1}{a} +\frac{1}{b} +\frac{1}{c}$  I got this problem from an old book on algebra. I've been trying for a long time but can't reach the answer.  My try on the question-  We know that in a triangle, the sum of two sides is always greater than the third side  $b+c\gt a$ $\implies$ $b+c-a \gt 0$  $c+a\gt b$ $\implies$ $c+a-b\gt 0$  $a+b \gt c$ $\implies$ $a+b-c\gt 0$  Also,  $\frac {1}{(b+c)} \lt \frac{1}{a}$  $\frac{1}{(c+a)} \lt \frac{1}{b}$  $\frac{1}{(a+b)} \lt \frac{1}{c}$  Adding,  $\frac{1}{(b+c)} + \frac{1}{(c+a)} +\frac{1}{(a+b)} \lt \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c}$  How do I proceed further? All genuine answers are welcome :) I was wondering how light or any electromagnetic radiation can be "absorbed" if it consists of electric and magnetic fields. For example if there is a charge at point A, and the  light reaches point A, it will cause that charge to move depending on the value of the electric field. However, why wouldn't this electric field continue on and influence others particles everywhere else? For example, if you have a static charge creating an electric field, then if you put a charge at point A it will feel its effects and then if you bring a charge at another location B it will also feel its effects, namely it will not have been absorbed. Please shed some light on this. Thanks  edit: Does this mean the electron that absorbs this light moves in such a way that it creates an electric field of its own canceling the initial one? Or am I way off? Graphics issues after/while installing Ubuntu 16.04/16.10 with NVIDIA graphics Is it okay to vectorize this image to make a poster out of it even though the image is not Creative Commons or anything like that? I'm not using any part of the image directly and only going to use it as a guide to make my own SVG version.  This is the image:    Here is .  It says that it is CC licensed but the original NatGeo one isn't, I don't think.  I don't plan to make money off it or anything, I just want a nice poster and the quality of the original isn't that good. reduce Screen brightness in battery mode automatically KDE and XFCE4 has a program to adjust the screen brightness automatically in battery mode to a preset value. How can i set the same with Unity ( or Gnome3 )? Do virtual particles actually physically exist? Understanding of the theorem that all norms are equivalent in finite dimensional vector spaces I've got a problem using \label and \ref in Texmaker 3.1 (MiKTeX 2.9). When I put label somewhere, i got a frame with label name in it. How can I hide it?  \begin{figure}[h] \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{img/2}\caption{SomeCaption} \label{fig:4eb1} \end{figure} $\frac{w}{w_1}-1=4$ $4\leqslant n\leqslant3$, using (pic. \ref{fig:4eb1}),blah-blah.   PS: Sorry for my awesome English. :) SELECT permission on view querying table from another database How do you become a vampire/werewolf in Elder Scrolls Online The game is released for a few days now. I have heard that you can turn into thoses beasts. I have a few questions about that   How do you turn into werewolf/vampire ? On the chat people said they can bite others but who bite them first? How long does the effect last ? Are there any cons ? Maybe if your are a vampire you take damage from the sun like in older Elder Scrolls ? Let $\omega := dx \wedge dy$ denote the standard area form on $\mathbb{R}^2$. As the question title suggests, does there exist a $1$-form $\alpha$ with $d\alpha = \omega$? LaTeX minted Error I receive the following errors:  ! Package minted Error: You must invoke LaTeX with the -shell-escape flag. ! Package minted Error: You must have `pygmentize' installed to use this packag   in TexMaker Settings i wrote:     LaTeX : "/usr/texbin/latex" -interaction=nonstopmode %.tex -shell-escape      PdfLaTex: "/usr/texbin/pdflatex" -synctex=1 -interaction=nonstopmode   %.tex -shell-escape   But the error still doesn't vanish ... An excerpt from Introduction to Analytic Number Theory by Tom M. Apostol.      I have three main concerns regarding this proof:    What is the abscissa of convergence for $\frac{1}{F(s)}$ - why can we take the product of the two series. I only know this is true if the two series are absolutely convergent.  Why can we do term by term integration? I believe its suffices to show that the series converges locally uniformly - BUT is this true?  How does the proof show that $G(s)$ converges uniformly? A water pipe from sea level to beyond the atmosphere If a pipe extended from just above the ocean floor to outside the atmosphere, would water be sucked up it by the vacuum beyond the atmosphere? If a hole was made in the pipe, above sea level, how would that affect the flow of water? Would it stop it completely? What is the equation for the scale factor of the universe, a(t), for the best fit of data to the $\Lambda CDM$ Model of Cosmology? Ideally I like a single formula or multiple formulas for different time ranges that would cover the time from the end of inflation through 100+ billion years after the big bang using  the $\Lambda CDM$ Model.  I know that from the end of inflation back to the time of the big bang would be much more speculative, but some wild estimate would be appreciated for that time range also!  The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric defines the scale factor, a(t), from the metric: $$-c^2d\tau^2 = -c^2dt^2+a(t)^2d\Sigma^2$$ where $d\Sigma^2$ ranges over the 3 dimensional space of the universe and does not depend on time. Usually the scale of the scale factor is set by defining  $a(t_{now}) = a(13.78 B yr) \equiv 1$