estimate confidence interval of empirical percentile
How to obtain a confidence interval for a percentile?
How do I get my players to form a PC party without just forcing them to? I believe that it is generally a good thing that all the PCs travel together, as a "party". This way the GM has to manage one environment – not, say, five. The problem is how the GM can ensure such a relationship between the characters.  One simple and really great solution is to require the players to design their characters so that they know each other. This has the added advantage of cross-backstories – as the players try to adjust their stories to fit together, they get and create hooks for more narrative!  However, I am now experimenting with giving the players complete freedom at character creation and later meeting in-game. No luck so far.  It is not easy, as trusting someone with your life (what happens during combat) is not a trivial thing. Furthermore, people generally like others with the same behaviour/interests/skin colour. Fantasy is all about diversity – you do not character-generate a strong man with a sword, no, you generate a half-ogre with an axe never before seen!  How can the GM get players, with diverse characters who are strangers to each other, decide to have their PCs act as a coherent group. I absolutely want to avoid asking my players to just solve this through metagaming ("Hey Joe, think of a way to get together with those, I can't story-tell two separate groups at the same time!").  I'm not having the stereotypical problem where a bunch of PCs meet for the first time and are automatically so paranoid of strangers that they start trying to kill each other. My players have just created a bunch of characters who have their own legitimate interests, and are faithfully following those in completely different directions that don't result in a classic "party". I put the PCs in great peril together and everyone escaped by their own devices, but now I have to figure out get the guy who ran for the hills back together with the couple that entered the city. And, I want to do it by resorting only to reasonable in-game events, not out-of-game metagame suggestions. How do I add custom validations to Webform? I have created the country and state fields with the Webform module, and I want to add a field validation for the state field when user select US as country.   How can I achieve this? How to use a string column with pgfplotstable to label datapoints in a pgfplot? I have a comma-separated list of data points. They should be plotted as a scatter plot, and should be labeled using data from the .csv file. Having specified the first column of my file as string type, I still keep running into errors saying Could not parse input [...] as a floating point number, sorry.  Given a CSV file of the following format, how can I read Name and Z as labels?  Name,X,Y,Z ODIN,250,45,2001   Here is my MWE:  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{tikz,pgfplots,pgfplotstable}     \pgfplotsset{compat=1.5.1}  \begin{document}  \pgfplotstabletypeset[columns/Name/.style={string type}]{table.csv};  \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[     visualization depends on=\thisrow{Name} \as \labela,     visualization depends on=\thisrow{Z} \as \labelb,     every node near coord/.append style={font={\tiny}},     nodes near coords=\labela/\labelb,     nodes near coords align={horizontal},]      \addplot[only marks] table [x=X,y=Y,col sep=comma] {table.csv};      \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture}  \end{document}   Note that if the data in column Name is just floats it should work fine. (This is not homework; a friend shared with me this puzzler and neither of us can figure it out.) Suppose you are in a plane traveling at velocity $v_1$ relative to the ground. The flight attendent pushes a cart of mass, say, $m$, accelerating it from rest to $v_2$, relative to the plane (so relative to the ground, its velocity goes from $v_1$ to $v_1+v_2$). From your perspective, the work done is then $$W = \Delta E = \dfrac{1}{2}mv_2^2$$ but from the perspective of the ground, the work done is $$W = \Delta E = \dfrac{1}{2}m(v_1+v_2)^2 - \dfrac{1}{2}mv_1^2 = \dfrac{1}{2}mv_2^2 + mv_1v_2.$$ Why are these quantities unequal?  I've seen some similar problems, like a body colliding with a wall in different reference frames, but I don't have the physics experience to tell if that question is analogous to this one. So, my apologies if this is a duplicate. :) "Never say die?" What's the deal with this idiom? I know what it means, but cannot wrap my head around its grammar structure. The sentence structure of     "Never say die"   looks like that of     "Never admit defeat"   but it does not make the same grammatical+semantical sense.  Is it an archaic use? Is it a contraction of a longer phrase? Was it originally misspoken by someone of note and survived memetically? What are its roots?  Edit: Well, the comments made me realize that I worded my question poorly. I'm not saying I think this phrase is ungrammatical. I'm asking how the heck "saying 'die'" came to mean what it means. Two identical files; Apache says one is forbidden How do you use Excel server-side? A client wants to "Web-enable" a spreadsheet calculation -- the user to specify the values of certain cells, then show them the resulting values in other cells.  (They do NOT want to show the user a "spreadsheet-like" interface. This is not a UI question.)  They have a huge spreadsheet with lots of calculations over many, many sheets.  But, in the end, only two things matter -- (1) you put numbers in a couple cells on one sheet, and (2) you get corresponding numbers off a couple cells in another sheet.  The rest of it is a black box.  I want to present a UI to the user to enter the numbers they want, then I'd like to programatically open the Excel file, set the numbers, tell it to re-calc, and read the result out.  Is this possible/advisable?  Is there a commercial component that makes this easier?  Are their pitfalls I'm not considering?  (I know I can use Office Automation to do this, but I know it's not recommended to do that server-side, since it tries to run in the context of a user, etc.)  A lot of people are saying I need to recreate the formulas in code.  However, this would be staggeringly complex. How to shop for mortgage rates ? I have already been prequalified with 3.8% (but I am sure I can do better :)). Now, I am about to make an offer on a house. So, once the seller accepts my offer, how do I rate shop ?    Do I need to do the rate shopping before making an offer, or after the seller accepts my offer ?  When the seller accepts my offer, then I will go to a banker and submit a full application, so will it be legally binding for me to go with the approved mortgage application ?  Or, once the seller accepts my offer, may I simultaneously apply for a mortgage with 3-4 bankers, and then choose the lowest rate ?     I asked my realtor, but she recommends to go with just one banker (her friend), and not to do any rate shopping. Is it the right way ?   (I live in a state of Arkansas, so I am thinking of going with the local bankers) Is this the correct use of the question mark?  Should it be at the end outside of the closing bracket?  See example below     How do we deliver it? (to the learner) Pointwise limit of continuous functions not Riemann integrable Can someone please explain how I can install  in the following ways?   By using the package manager? By downloading and installing a pre-built package? The complex general linear group is a subgroup of the group of real matrices of twice the dimension and with positive determinant.  Let us decompose complex matrices $M$ as $M=A+iB$, where $A,B$ are real matrices. Now consider the correspondence $$f(A+iB)=\begin{pmatrix} A &amp; -B \\ B &amp; A\end{pmatrix}.$$  If $\det f(M)=|\det M|^2$ for square matrices, then we would have $GL(n,\mathbb C)\subseteq GL_+(2n,\mathbb R)$ with the identification $M\to f(M)$, which is an injective homomorphism. In other words, the complex general linear group would be a subgroup of the group of real matrices of twice the dimension and with positive determinant.  How is $\det f(M)=|\det M|^2$? How can I change the master volume level? Using this code  [DllImport ("winmm.dll")] public static extern int waveOutSetVolume (IntPtr hwo, uint dwVolume);  waveOutSetVolume (IntPtr.Zero, (((uint)uint.MaxValue &amp; 0x0000ffff) | ((uint)uint.MaxValue &lt;&lt; 16)));   I can set the wave volume but if the master volume is too low this won't have any effect.  Thanks for any help. Boot partition full, can't remove kernels Plot x=3 in PGFPlots Installing Ubuntu on a single partition I’m trying to install Ubuntu 16.04 alongside with Windows 7. My HDD supports only 4 partitions. Three of the partitions are taken up by windows. The fourth one is labelled as free space.   Now, how do I make root, swap and home partitions? Should I format my free space as primary with EXT4 first (if so, what should be the mount point?) and then create logical partitions for root/Home/swap? How do I go about this?  Edit: I tried to use the automatic installation option for dual boot. However I got the error ubi partman exit code 141. Probably because it tried to create two separate partitions for root and swap.   $ sudo parted -l Model: ATA ST1000DM003-1CH1 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags:   Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags  1      1049kB  106MB  105MB  primary  ntfs         boot  2      106MB   277GB  277GB  primary  ntfs  3      277GB   903GB  627GB  primary  ntfs Why are some genes dominant over others? What is the mechanism behind it? If I have a brown eye gene which encodes the protein that is responsible for the brown color and have a blue eye gene as well, what is the reason that my eye color is brown? How does one gene maintain dominance over the other? Downloading from the main Ubuntu archive is slow even when it's not release day, how can I get apt-get to automatically use a mirror that is close to me? Although we can create or update fieldsets using salesforce UI but Is there any way to insert or update FieldSets using apex code (using metadata or API calls) ? This example illustrates some conflict between xelatex and natbib- and footnote-generated superscripts.  The semi-colon between distinct citations is not typeset as a superscript, nor is the dagger.  The asterisk, however, looks fine to me.  Any suggestion on how to make these auto-generated superscripts look more normal?   Update Mostly fixed, see second screenshot below.  Update 2 Fully fixed!  Alter the MWE below with this code:  \DefineFNsymbols*{safestar}{{$*$}{\textdagger}{\textdaggerdbl}{\textsection} {\textparagraph}{\textbardbl}{$**$}{\textdagger\textdagger} {\textdaggerdbl\textdaggerdbl}{\textsection\textsection} {\textparagraph\textparagraph}{\textbardbl\textbardbl}} \setfnsymbol{safestar}   This comes  Achim Blumensath on the MinionPro mailing list, together with  for the footmisc package.  \documentclass[article, a4paper, 12pt, oneside]{memoir}  \usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{xunicode} \usepackage{xltxtra} % c/o @wasteofspace, this is the "offending" line \defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text} \setmainfont{Linux Libertine O}  \usepackage[super]{natbib} \usepackage[perpage,symbol]{footmisc}  \let\sc\scshape \let\bf\bfseries \let\it\itfamily  \setlrmarginsandblock{23mm}{23mm}{*} \setulmarginsandblock{23mm}{198mm}{*} \checkandfixthelayout  \begin{document}  \bibliographystyle{plainnat} \setcitestyle{nature} \thispagestyle{empty}  This is a nice\footnote{(That is to say, minimal.)} example.\cite{lenat1976artificial,lenat1984and} Unfortunately, it has some problems.\footnote{From an aesthetic point of view.}  \bibliography{corneli}{}  \end{document}     But if we don't load , then we get this other slightly problematic result:   I guess I can live with the small and over-elevated asterisk.  It looks less bad when it follows a period.