Why does ActiveSupport add method forty_two to Array
Rails lists have .first and .second – is there a .hundredth or .sixty_nineth ?
I would like to have a similar biblatex behaviour as described , i.e. separate bibliographies for different publication types, each bibliography should 1) be prefixed with a corresponding label (C for conference publications, J for journals etc), 2) sorted so that the newest entry is at the top (defined by the publication year) and 3) with reference numbers sorted in descending order per bibliography, i.e. the newest entry should have the highest number.  Journal articles ---------------- [J3]    reference from 2017 [J2]    reference from 2016 [J1]    reference from 2015  Conference publications ----------------------- [C4]    reference from 2017 [C3]    reference from 2017 [C2]    reference from 2016 [C1]    reference from 2015   I currently have the following:  \usepackage[backend=biber,         isbn=true,         giveninits=true,         style=numeric,         maxnames=99,         sorting=ydnt,         defernumbers=true,         autocite=superscript]{biblatex}  \subsection*{Journal articles} \begin{refcontext}[labelprefix=J] \printbibliography[type=article] \end{refcontext}  \subsection*{Conference publications} \begin{refcontext}[labelprefix=C] \printbibliography[type=inproceedings]   Separate bibliographies works fine, labelprefix also works as desired, sorting by year in descending order as well. However, if I try the solution mentioned in the above question I get very high reference numbers (in the 500s).  Is the above behaviour possible at all and, if yes, what is the most elegant solution using current biblatex etc.?  Thanks a lot in advance! Evaluate $\int_0^1 \frac{\log \left( 1+x^{2+\sqrt{3}}\right)}{1+x}\mathrm dx$ I am trying to find a closed form for  $$\int_0^1 \frac{\log \left( 1+x^{2+\sqrt{3}}\right)}{1+x}\mathrm dx = 0.094561677526995723016 \cdots$$  It seems that the answer is $$\frac{\pi^2}{12}\left( 1-\sqrt{3}\right)+\log(2) \log \left(1+\sqrt{3} \right)$$  Mathematica is unable to give a closed form for the indefinite integral.  How can we prove this result? Please help me.  EDIT  Apart from this result, the following equalities are also known to exist: $$\begin{align*} \int_0^1 \frac{\log \left( 1+x^{4+\sqrt{15}}\right)}{1+x}\mathrm dx &amp;=\frac{\pi^2}{12} \left( 2-\sqrt{15}\right)+\log \left( \frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\log \left(2+\sqrt{3} \right) \\ &amp;\quad +\log(2)\log\left( \sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}\right) \\ \int_0^1 \frac{\log \left( 1+x^{6+\sqrt{35}}\right)}{1+x}\mathrm dx &amp;= \frac{\pi^2}{12} \left( 3-\sqrt{35}\right)+\log \left(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2} \right)\log \left(8+3\sqrt{7} \right) \\ &amp;\quad +\log(2) \log \left( \sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}\right) \end{align*}$$  Please take a look . Is it okay to have 100% CPU usage constantly? I often do 3D rendering in the background which consumes 100% of the CPU (I lower the priority of the process so that it does not hinder any tasks I am working on).  My concern/question is whether it is okay to run a computer/laptop with a 100% CPU load constantly.  Could this reduce the lifespan of the system? Is it wasteful to use a heating element, instead of doing useful work? Consider a computer CPU consuming electrical energy to perform calculations and consequently emitting heat.  Assumption: That a CPU consuming x Watts of power, emits the same amount of heat as an incandescent heating element which consumes the same amount of power.  The rest of the question assumes that this is true: the energy has to go somewhere, and I can't see that the outcome of the calculations counts as "somewhere".  I've long repeated the claim that "wasteful" appliances such as incandescent lightbulbs, over-full kettles, computers left running, etc. are not wasting power if we make the assumptions:   the appliance is in a room which we aim to maintain at above a certain temperature, warmer than the external temperature (cf a home in winter) the room leaks heat to the outside faster than the "wasteful" appliances emit heat. the room contains an electric heater the electric heater is regulated by a thermostat   In these circumstances, I think (?), if a light bulb produces excess heat, its only effect is to cause the thermostat to switch off sooner, so what energy you've "wasted" in the light bulb, is "saved" at the heater.  I don't think that's controversial.  But my question is:   If a CPU does useful work, and emits all the input energy as heat as a side effect But a heating element emits the same heat, without doing useful work Is it therefore wasteful to use heating elements? Is it more efficient to (for example) run  on a CPU, to get "free" computation as a side-effect of heating?   One reason to heat a room with a heating element, rather than with CPUs, is that the heating element is much cheaper to produce. But ignoring the initial cost of the hardware, would a "heater" made out of 20 CPUs, each running at full capacity and consuming 50W each, output less thermal heat than a 1KW element that does nothing else useful?  To be useful, of course, the CPUs would need to output the result of their computations, which would account for a tiny amount of energy. Let's assume that's negligible.  I'm sure there's a flaw in there somewhere; probably that the assumption above is false. What have I missed? Installing Ubuntu after Windows 10 How can I install Ubuntu on Windows 10 as dual boot? I have a DVD with Ubuntu and when I tried to install Ubuntu I had a warning that the hard disk will be erased. How can I install Ubuntu and keep my Windows 10? Thanks On August 5, 41 days ago, I submitted an application for a UK visitor visa. This is the third time I have applied. The only notice I have received so far says this: "Unfortunately, the processing of your application has not been straightforward. This means that we will be unable to make a decision within our published customer service standards." What should I do? The title kind of says it all. Is it possible to replace C# with C++ on a game using Unity? The  currently says  In the context of Stack Exchange sites, any copying and pasting of any amount of text or code that wasn't written by you is plagiarism if you try, explicitly or implicitly, to pass it off as your own work. (italics mine)  There is also a concept of . Should this also be addressed in the FAQs? In other words, is it OK to copy (large parts of) your own answer  without proper attribution? EmployeeNumber = string.IsNullOrEmpty(employeeNumberTextBox.Text)     ? null     : Convert.ToInt32(employeeNumberTextBox.Text),  I often find myself wanting to do things like this (EmployeeNumber is a Nullable&lt;int&gt; as it's a property on a LINQ-to-SQL dbml object where the column allows NULL values).  Unfortunately, the compiler feels that  There is no implicit conversion between 'null' and 'int'  even though both types would be valid in an assignment operation to a nullable int on their own. Using the null coalescing operator is not an option as far as I can see because of the inline conversion that needs to happen on the .Text string if it's not null. As far as I know the only way to do this is to use an if statement and/or assign it in two steps.  In this particular case I find that very frustrating because I wanted to use the object initializer syntax and this assignment would be in the initialization block... Does anyone know a more elegant solution? How to curve my mesh I'd like to curve my object, but I'm considering two options.  The first one is to make the object up with lots of vertices, like a sphere can be. The second is to apply some kind of modifier curve to a straight mesh, as I've understood there is such a possibility.  Here's an awesome pen drawing of what I'd like to achieve:    and here's my current even more awesome result:    Rather non-awesomely, they don't quite match. So if someone would kindly point me to the correct method to achieving a nice-looking solution with relatively low polygons, I'd be much enlightened How do I run executable scripts in Nautilus? When I double-click on a script in Nautilus to run it, the script just opens in my text editor with no option to run it. Using Nautilus, how do I run executable text files and/or scripts? Time limited and band limited signal If random variables are drawn from an identical distribution, why doesn't this guarantee they are independent? Proof of the formula $1+x+x^2+x^3+ \cdots +x^n =\frac{x^{n+1}-1}{x-1}$ Using induction to prove that $\sum_{r=1}^n r\cdot r! =(n+1)! -1$ Use induction to prove that    $\displaystyle\sum_{r=1}^n r\cdot r! =(n+1)! -1$   I first showed that the formula holds true for $n=1$.  Then I put n as $k$ and got an expression for the sum in terms of $k$.  I then found the sum till the $(k+1)$th term by adding the $(k+1)$th term to both sides of the equation and compared it to the sum expression I get by plugging $k+1$ into the sum expression given in the question - they don't match. Fortunately, I have very few strongly negative interactions with cars (most people generally seem to respect the way I ride), but those that do stick with me for a while.  The scenario is almost always the same. Rude driver approaches, does their rude thing (obscenities, "get off the road," unsafe passing, etc...), then speeds off to annoy the next bicyclist (or more than likely arrives at the next red light).  While this is generally a short interaction, I find that I just don't have a good rest of the ride. I find myself angry at the driver, thinking about what I could have done differently, and just generally being pissed off. Clearly I realize that it is possible I'm a jerk, but given the relative infrequency of these events I'm hoping that's not the case and I'm just riding defensively and this driver is having a bad day.  What can I do to get over (or mitigate) my anger at inconsiderate drivers? How can author deal with late reviews? Another problem I personally struggle with in peer-review publication process is the situation when review takes really, really, really long. The precise definition of "long" is probably very area-specific: for example a paper in Maths will probably took longer to review than one in Physics. Many well-established journals and major publishers, sadly, prefer not to specify the "rules of the game" precisely, particularly how long the review process should normally take. Fortunately, I quite often serve as a referee with the very same journals and know the amount of time I am given to write a review. Unfortunately, when I am an author, I do not observe these deadlines to be always met. For example, a notable U.S. publisher would ask a reviewer to send a review in 2 months; but in practice a first review of my paper once took as long as 8 months.  As a rule of thumb, I usually start writing to editors with questions about "the status of my paper" in X+1 months time, when X is a deadline time for a reviewer to submit a review. This strategy is not particularly successful &mdash; what I usually get is a recommendation to be more patient. Since there is no "official" deadline time announced, there is no formal ground for complaints here.  Of course, such delays lead to a whole bunch of funny situations, particularly if a preprint is put online (e.g., on arXiv) and the results are presented in some conferences. Follow-ups with no official paper to cite, grant applications in which you can not justify by a solid publication, good research but bad bibliometrics or CV, to name just a few.   Could you recommend an efficient way to deal with this problem? How to set Command Block(s) to test for a particular time and output a message? I simply want one command block to test for the time of day or night (e.g. time = 18000) and output a message in the chat to everyone if that time returns true.  I was trying a simple set-up with two command blocks and a comparator in the middle, but I'm a beginner and am obviously missing the correct syntax (especially to test for a particular time of day, and if true, then trigger the say "message" block).  ETA: Kudos to @Ben for the Daylight Sensor/Redstone idea, but I'd really prefer a Command Block solution for the above, since my plan is to output several messages during the day and night cycle at very specific times in the world. Thanks. Why $x^{p^n}-x+1$ is irreducible in ${\mathbb{F}_p}$ only when $n=1$ or $n=p=2$ I have a question, I think it concerns with field theory.     Why the polynomial $$x^{p^n}-x+1$$ is irreducible in ${\mathbb{F}_p}$ only when $n=1$ or $n=p=2$?   Thanks in advance. It bothers me for several days. Interface naming in Java Most OO languages prefix their interface names with a capital I, why does Java not do this?  What was the rationale for not following this convention?  To demonstrate what I mean, if I wanted to have a User interface and a User implementation I'd have two choices in Java:        Class = User, Interface = UserInterface   Class = UserImpl, Interface = User      Where in most languages:     Class = User, Interface = IUser   Now, you might argue that you could always pick a most descriptive name for the user implementation and the problem goes away, but Java's pushing a POJO approach to things and   most IOC containers use DynamicProxies extensively.  These two things together mean that you'll have lots of interfaces with a single POJO implementation.  So, I guess my question boils down to: "Is it worth following the broader Interface naming convention especially in light of where Java Frameworks seem to be heading?"