How to remove Linux from the boot menu? I don't get the grub boot screen
Uninstall GRUB and use Windows bootloader
How do I make the Unity Launcher background transparent? I found a way to make the icon backgrounds transparent for the Unity Launcher by changing the files under /usr/share/unity/4.  Does anyone know how to make the background transparent for the launcher itself? I already made it transparent under Compiz, but I want to remove the line that separates the launcher from the desktop. If anything, I just want to make it look like the icons are floating. Where do I place my own .sty or .cls files, to make them available to all my .tex files? I know how to define a package or a class, but how do I make it available (to myself) at all times?  Say I have the package file commonstuff.sty (or myprettyclass.cls), that I want to be able to include in any .tex file I create on my computer. Where do I put it? Do I need to run some installer on it, or is it enough to keep it in a certain folder?  Note: I know I can just place it in the same folder as the .tex file, but that's not what I'm after here. I'm looking for a way to "install" the package centrally on my computer. What's the main difference between int.Parse() and Convert.ToInt32 Soundness vs completeness, am I understanding? And proving soundness? When scripting in bash or any other shell in *NIX, while running a command that will take more than a few seconds, a progress bar is needed.  For example, copying a big file, opening a big tar file.  What ways do you recommend to add progress bars to shell scripts? Do gravitons interact with each other? I always thought the non-linearity of Einsteins field equations implies that there should be direct graviton-graviton interactions. But I stumbled upon  which argues:     If gravitons exist, then, like photons and unlike gluons, gravitons do   not interact with other particles of their kind. That is, gravitons   carry the force of gravitation but are not affected by it. This is   apparent due to gravity being the only thing which escapes from black   holes, in addition to having an infinite range and traveling in   straight lines, similarly to electromagnetism.   Is Wikipedia correct? If not, why not? And what then are the arguments that there must be graviton-graviton interactions?    (As of this question being asked, the above paragraph has been removed from Wikipedia.) Why do electrons not fully fill up all the orbitals sequentially? How could Luke hide from Vader during the duel on Death Star II? In Return of the Jedi, Vader throws his lightsaber at Luke causing the catwalk come crashing down. Luke uses this in his advantage and hides from him under the throne room platform. Unable to locate his son, Vader tried to lure Luke out of hiding.  But how could Luke conceal himself from Vader in the first place? Did he use a Force power of some kind to blur Vader's sensors? I mean, the underneath of the platform was pretty much an open space with very little possibilities for hiding. The only places I see in the movie are the openings on the both sides of the floor (pointed by the yellow arrows):    The background of a close-up to Luke doesn't give much of a clue (although there is a round shape which could be the bottom of a window frame):    But as Luke reveals himself, he appears to be beneath of the staircase to the dais, right in the middle of it:    There's no way he could have hidden there all the time, because just a couple of seconds before, Vader walked towards and stared at the very same spot:    My first ideas were that Luke used the Force to make himself invisible, or to teleport him to the position. But after taking a look at one of the cross sections of the Emperor's throne room, I assume Luke could have slid almost straight under the floor of the lower level (yellow arrow) and then later  back to the staircase (although we don't see it in the movie, and I'm not sure if Luke knew the ability):    Does someone know better? On the commutative property of multiplication (domain of integers, possibly reals) $ab = ba$  This is, inherently, true. Some texts drop it like an axiom without any justification. But I'm a bit curious where it stems from or basically why/how it works. If anyone could enlighten me a bit further, I'd be most grateful. Peano axioms? From set theory? Help.  What bugs me with this definition is it's real world "application":  Let's say I have a power output of 5 W ( $kg\cdot m^2 \cdot s^{-3}$) and I want 30% of that power output (to have some units and natural context).  Naturally, 30% is 30 1/100 (% is the unit). For simplicity, let's express that as:  $30$%$ = 30/100 = 3/10 = 3d$ where $d = 1/10$, a simpler unit (because %W would look... Wrong?).  So 30% of power is then $5 W \cdot 3d$, and we can force it to "make sense" if we associate d with W or basically scale the unit of power by d (which is intuitively understood as being 10 times smaller then the output of 1 W) $dW$. And we want to scale these 5 units of $dW$ three times.  $5 dW \cdot 3$  But the commutative property says it is the same as scaling 3 units of $dW$ 5 times or:  $3 dW \cdot 5$  And the result is the same. This is the bit that hurts my head, the fact it is the same. I try to interpret the same as, for example 50 J of work, it's either applying 50 N over 1 m of distance or 1 N over 50 m of distance.    Down here is additional stuff I think I have (you don't have to read it if you know how to answer immediately). I don't claim it's correct, if anyone parses this information, feel free to correct me.  $m\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{1} = n\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}{1}$  This is how I've been trying to break it down, as it is repeated addition. It is repeated $n$ times and multiplied by $m$, and reverse on the right side. There is $x = m - n$, so when I multiply $n$ $m$ times, each repeated addition of $n$ lacks exactly $x$ to $m$.  $mn = nm$  $x = m-n$  $m(m-x) = (m-x)m$  $m^2 - mx = m^2 - mx$  $ true $  And yes, sadly, I realise that I am using the very property I'm trying to prove ($xm$ shifted as $mx$ on the right-hand side.)  And it even calls in the distributive property of multiplication over addition which I derive (for myself, informally) from the very nature of multiplication and the way we "process" numbers:  For example, number $55$ times $2$  $55 = 5 \cdot 10^1 + 5 \cdot 10^0 = 5 \cdot 10 + 5 \cdot 1$  $(5 \cdot 10 + 5 \cdot 1) \cdot 2$  This is the basis of our positional notation which appends digits of varying orders of magnitude or units together in a way it makes "sense". Each one is b times bigger than the one to the right. Basic stuff. It is why I expressed 10 and 1 explicitly, those are what I consider units in this case.  Now, from the definition of multiplication, which is at its heart just repeated addition, it is truly the same if you add together $2$ $50$ times and then again $5$ times or "all at once" (figuratively, we are always doing the former mentally) $2$ $55$ times.  That added together gives 110, which is true.  To me, the distributive property (in case of integer multiplication) is a repercussion of the very definition of multiplication which is repeated addition (evading strict concepts). I am not certain whether this is a good way to look at it. I posted a question recently regarding my Windows 10 upgrade which ended up with a black screen and cursor.   I reverted back to Windows 8.1 using the "Revert to previous build" option in recovery, and all seems fine, except that Virtualisation is disabled.  I tried to open BIOS settings but it just boots into Windows. I've tried the usual F2 key and Shift F2, all the other F keys, tried pressing B and Shift+B but no luck.  I tried pressing the Lenovo key on the laptop when it is powered down, which shows a menu to either boot into BIOS, recovery, or show boot menu. I choose BIOS and it just boots into Windows.  I tried going into advanced startup options from Windows (Shift+Restart) and choosing "UEFI FIRMWARE SETTINGS" but it just reboots back into Windows.  Before the Windows 10 upgrade it was working perfectly.  Lenovo G580 laptop - Core i3 with Intel 4000 graphics. 8GB of RAM and a Crucial MX100 512GB SSD (replaced the original hard drive with this SSD). Number of monic irreducible polynomials of prime degree $p$ over finite fields Suppose $F$ is a field s.t $\left|F\right|=q$. Take $p$ to be some prime. How many monic irreducible polynomials of degree $p$ do exist over $F$?   Thanks! Can I see why a package is installed? How to use a field value in Template.php Which shell am I running on? Problem on Linear Diophantine Equation over 3 variables How to solve $ax+by+cz=d$ over integers where $a,b,c,d$ are integers? Blowing your own sail? The direct sum $\oplus$ versus the cartesian product $\times$ In the case of abelian groups, I have been treating these two set operations as more or less indistinguishable. In early mathematics courses, one normally defines $A^n := A\times A\times\ldots\times A$; however in, for example, the fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups, we normally write that every such group is isomorphic to one of the form $$ \mathbb{Z}^n \oplus \mathbb{Z}_{r_1} \oplus \cdots \oplus \mathbb{Z}_{r_t}  $$ where $\mathbb{Z}^n$ now means $\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\oplus\cdots\oplus\mathbb{Z}$.  From an intuition perspective, and in the sense of sets, is this more or less the same as $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}\times\cdots\times\mathbb{Z}$? (Bear in mind I am normally using these ideas in relation to homology groups.) Distribution of Dark Matter around galaxies It is well-known that measurements of the velocity profile in galaxies are not compatible with Newtonian laws. A way to circumvent the problem is to assume that galaxies are surrounded by a spherical halo of Dark Matter. The density of mass of this Dark Matter can then be computed from the velocity profile with Newton's laws.   My question is the following: the formation of a galaxy involves essentially only the gravitational interaction. According to Newton (and General Relativity too), the trajectory of a particle does not depend on its mass. As a consequence, I do not understand how usual matter and Dark Matter could have followed different trajectories leading to such different mass distributions nowadays. Can somebody explain this (apparent) paradox ? I'm looking to build a guitar pedal switcher based on a Raspberry Pi or Arduino (have not yet decided, but I have an unused Raspberry around and I lean towards that). Anyway, digital logic.  Now, I need to switch audio signal obviously and I need to do it quietly (both physical silence and electrical silence). Please note that the signal is line level throughout most of the build, except for the input which is much lower. I will probably have 2 or 3 loops before the preamp so those may not encounter line level signal.  From what I read and know, so far, mechanical relays are not really an option due to the clicking noise they make. I also read something about FETs, but that's a bit out of my league and I would appreciate any info on these.  PS: I will probably use different power rails for the digital and analog paths.  PS2: The whole thing will be mounted in a 1U rack enclosure, so please tell me if I should take into consideration any thermal issues. I'm trying to install a dual boot (with Window 10) on my new XPS-15 (with a SSD 256Go).  Everything works well (following  until I go on step "Installation type".  Where I can't select "Something else", and I already have the partition table but completely empty. I can't see any existing partition, or add new one.