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If we look at light as a collection of little particles, we can say that dimmer light has its photons more spread out.  But if we look at light as a wave, then there no gaps unless specifically placed there on purpose.  So how can one interpret the formation of gaps between the photons? I've got a couple of URL autocomplete suggestions where Chrome suggests the wrong URL consistently.   How can I delete the incorrect entry from the address bar's suggestion list? The page I want shows up too but it's never the first result. I would like to know how to create a physically correct mirror material in cycles. How can that be achieved as realistic as possible?  From :     Mirrors are manufactured by applying a reflective coating to a   suitable substrate ...      In modern times, the mirror substrate is shaped, polished and cleaned, and is then coated. Glass mirrors are most often coated with silver[20] or aluminium ...      In some applications, generally those that are cost-sensitive or that   require great durability, mirrors are made from a single, bulk   material such as polished metal ... How to remove trailing whitespaces with sed? I'm trying to run the remove_doubles edit command on multiple selected objects. This is kinda what I got so far...  import bpy   class remDoubles(bpy.types.Operator):     """Remove Doubles on multiple objects"""     bl_label = "Remove Multiple Doubles"     bl_idname = "object.remove_doubles_multi"     bl_options = {'REGISTER', 'UNDO'}      @classmethod     def poll(cls, context):         return len(context.selected_objects) &gt; 0      def execute(self, context):          scene = bpy.context.scene         sel = context.selected_objects          for obj in sel:             scene.objects.active = obj              #do something here             print(obj.name)             bpy.ops.mesh.remove_doubles()          return {"FINISHED"}  myobject = remDoubles()  myobject.execute()   My knowledge about classes isn't too great, please help.  My code needs some work, it just errors out giving a  'TypeError: bpy_struct.new(type): expected a single argument'  But what i intend doing is run through each object applying the remove doubles command for each. How do you add a certificate authority (CA) to Ubuntu? I'm trying to recall the title of a young adult-targeted book. It was probably published by Scholastic, or at least sold through their take-home pamphlets, which means it was probably published before I started high school in 1996. It's about a group of teenagers who receive invitations to play a game at an invitation-only arcade. When they go there, they are put in an immersive VR game in which they must learn to survive on an alien planet. I believe the game ends and they wake up back in the real world after they fall asleep on the alien one. They are invited back the the game a couple times, and then it turns out…      …they go to play the game again, but they are unable to exit it. Eventually they realize that they actually are on an alien planet now, and that the previous game-playing sessions were just training for the real thing. I believe the epilogue states that all of the players have coupled up and the females have become pregnant, and they are optimistic about populating the new planet.   I think it was told in the first-person perspective of a female player. I don't think there was a real protagonist or strong conflict; just the group of players learning how to survive in the game. One of the other players had a photographic memory and used it to map the planet's surface. I think the cover art featured of a girl wearing a VR headset over her eyes, with her hair being blown back and her mouth open in surprise. Convert shapely polygon coordinates I am trying to work with a shapefile using shapely, fiona and python. The original coordinate system is in latitude and longitude that I am trying to convert to state plane system. So I want an updated shapefile with coordinates as statePlane. I converted the json object:  fc = fiona.open("sample.shp")    geoJsonObj = shapefile_record['geometry'] array_coordinates = np.array(geoJsonObj['coordinates']) array_newCoordinates = copy.deepcopy(array_coordinates) for counter in range(0,len(array_coordinates[0])):     long,lat = p1(array_coordinates[0][counter][0],array_coordinates[0][counter][1])     #where p1 is a function to do the conversion     array_newCoordinates[0][counter][0] = long     array_newCoordinates[0][counter][1] = lat  geoJsonObj['coordinates'] = array_newCoordinates.tolist()   when i check the coordinates, i get state plane coordinates according to the transformation.  n. However, when i open the individual shapes/polygons within the shapefile, the coordinates are still latitude and longitude. why does this happen?  ----EDIT 1-----  from pyproj import Proj, transform import fiona from fiona.crs import from_epsg  dest_crs = from_epsg(4269) shape = fiona.open("Sample.shp") original = Proj(shape.crs) # EPSG:4326 in your case destination = Proj('+proj=lcc +lat_1=36.41666666666666 +lat_2=35.25      +lat_0=34.33333333333334 +lon_0=-86 +x_0=600000 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +datum=NAD83  +no_defs') with fiona.open('new.shp', 'w', 'ESRI Shapefile',shape.schema.copy(),crs = dest_crs) as output:     for feat in shape:                print feat['geometry']['coordinates']         for counter in range(0,len(feat['geometry']['coordinates'][0])):             long,lat =  feat['geometry']['coordinates'][0][counter]             x,y = transform(original, destination,long,lat)             feat['geometry']['coordinates'][0][counter] = (x,y)         output.write(feat) How to get the file name from a full path using JavaScript? Is there a way that I can get the last value (based on the '\' symbol) from a full path?  Example:  C:\Documents and Settings\img\recycled log.jpg  With this case, I just want to get recycled log.jpg from the full path in JavaScript. Make an object invisible to a specific camera? (Cycles) What happens to waves when they hit smaller apertures than their wavelenghts? bash profile works for user but not sudo How to install packages to external drive (and run them)? I am running Xenial 16.04 and looking to install packages to an external drive - my computer has a 32gb SSD so it would be very useful to me to be able to use an external drive.  In a quick search I found a framework called  which seems to be designed to package all dependencies for a program (chromium, GIMP, some python packages, etc), but haven't had time to look into it.   seems to be looking for the same solution I am.   Thanks, Chris How do I escape a single quote in SQL Server? How to render as only wireframe in Cycles? Drawing on an image with TikZ Recently I have learned how to draw simple stuff with TikZ. I really like it. Now I wonder if it is possible to draw with TikZ on a image. Instead of pasting a image in Illustrator and adding some vectors to point something in the picture I would like to do it using TikZ. Is it possible?   For example, on a picture of a computer (PNG,etc) I would like to draw some arrows and labels saying "Keyboard", "Monitor", etc. I have a Python script which takes as input a list of integers, which I need to work with four integers at a time.  Unfortunately, I don't have control of the input, or I'd have it passed in as a list of four-element tuples.  Currently, I'm iterating over it this way: for i in range(0, len(ints), 4):     # dummy op for example code     foo += ints[i] * ints[i + 1] + ints[i + 2] * ints[i + 3]  It looks a lot like &quot;C-think&quot;, though, which makes me suspect there's a more pythonic way of dealing with this situation.  The list is discarded after iterating, so it needn't be preserved.  Perhaps something like this would be better? while ints:     foo += ints[0] * ints[1] + ints[2] * ints[3]     ints[0:4] = []  Still doesn't quite &quot;feel&quot; right, though.  :-/ Related question: Story is in a medievalish setting and starts with a woman who has been falsely accused of being a witch being taken by 2 men to be sacrificed to a dragon.  She ends up befriending the (male) dragon, who is able to transform into various forms, including human, and can speak only the language of whatever form he is in. e.g. can speak English in human form, but can't in dragon form.  He needs to return to his dragon form every day at sunrise or he dies.  Contact with iron or steel causes him pain and prevents him from transforming.  Near the end of the book, he's been put in handcuffs by one of the two men from the start and the woman has to get the assistance of the other one (village blacksmith?) to remove them before sunrise, which they manage to do just in time.  I think I read it maybe 10 years ago.    I also remember it was a very short book, probably only about 100 pages. Since i upgraded to Ubuntu 15.04, if i click on the shutdown button it only logs out and i have to click again on the shutdown button (from the ubuntu login screen) to power off the pc. How can i fix this? Every time I click to open a link, other windows start opening. They all want to sell me Detox your Mac or have warnings about how my Mac is at risk or infected.  How can I check for malware?