Probability theory book for self-sudy
A Good Book for Mathematical Probability Theory
What is the relation between electromagnetic wave and photon? At the end of this nice video (), she says that  is a chain reaction of electric and magnetic fields creating each other so the chain of wave moves forward.  I wonder where the  is in this explanation. What is the relation between electromagnetic wave and photon? How can I draw a graph like the diagram below? I'm trying, but something is wrong with my code in LaTeX: \begin{asy} pair dynkinMark(real x, real y, string s = &quot;&quot;, pen p = defaultpen, pair B = dir(45)) { if (s != &quot;&quot;) { dot(&quot;$&quot;+s+&quot;$&quot;, (x,y), B, p); }     else { dot((x,y), p); }     return (x,y); }  dynkinMark(0,1, &quot;1&quot;, dir(135)); dynkinMark(0,2, &quot;2&quot;, dir(135)); dynkinMark(0,3, &quot;3&quot;, dir(135)); dynkinMark(0,4, &quot;4&quot;, dir(135)); dynkinMark(7,1, &quot;1'&quot;); dynkinMark(7,2, &quot;2'&quot;); dynkinMark(7,3, &quot;3'&quot;); dynkinMark(7,4, &quot;4'&quot;); path p1 = (0,1)..(2,2.0)..(5,3.5)..(7,4); path p2 = (0,2)..(2,1.2)..(5,2.5)..(7,3); path p3 = (0,3)..(2,2.8)..(5,1.5)..(7,1); path p4 = (0,4)..(2,3.8)..(5,3.5)..(7,2); draw(p1, blue); draw(p2, heavycyan); draw(p3, mediumcyan); draw(p4, lightblue); dot(&quot;$12$&quot;, IP(p1, p2), dir(90), heavygreen); dot(&quot;$13$&quot;, IP(p1, p3), dir(90), heavygreen); dot(&quot;$23$&quot;, IP(p2, p3), dir(90), heavygreen); dot(&quot;$14$&quot;, IP(p1, p4), dir(90), heavygreen); dot(&quot;$24$&quot;, IP(p2, p4), dir(90), heavygreen); real y = 0.8; label(&quot;$s_1$&quot;, (IP(p1,p2).x, y), heavygreen); label(&quot;$s_2$&quot;, (IP(p1,p3).x, y), heavygreen); label(&quot;$s_1$&quot;, (IP(p2,p3).x, y), heavygreen); label(&quot;$s_3$&quot;, (IP(p1,p4).x, y), heavygreen); label(&quot;$s_2$&quot;, (IP(p2,p4).x, y), heavygreen); \end{asy} As far as I know, current division for spesific place's formula is: Ix=(Req/Rx)*Isource   However, here,the solution is 3/(3+2+4)*6. How is this a current division ? Can you explain this to me Applications Don't Show Up in Spotlight Spotlight has stopped showing any results for my Applications. I've tried reindexing and removing the index so it rebuilds it. No change. I've tried adding Applications to the Privacy tab and removing it, no change.  I tried repairing disk permissions and redoing the above, no change. I've tried removing everything from the index except Applications and then I just get nothing for any search at all (except dictionary entries).  I tried adding a symlink in my homedir to Applications and reindexing, but no change.  Any ideas on what to do?  I'm running Snow Leopard.  This is driving me crazy!  Update: I've noticed that when I start a reindex with sudo mdutil -E / and then immediately do a Spotlight search for an app that the app shows up temporarily until Spotlight gets disabled due to active indexing.  After the indexing is done, the app entries go away. Square roots -- positive and negative I can't see anything - Teams banner and cookie toaster obscure my whole screen There have been  for a while, but this is ridiculous. It reminds me of , but this time it's network-wide.   The banner must be scrolled past (or dismissed) on every page unless both first-party JavaScript and first-party cookies are enabled. If first-party JavaScript is enabled, and the banner is visible, the rest of the page jumps up and down every so often.  Under certain circumstances (not quite sure what they are, yet – a direct link to an answer, maybe? I'm seeing it ) the entire page jumps up and down a line every few seconds even when the banner is off-screen.   The cookie banner keeps coming back unless both third-party JavaScript  are enabled (and  is solved). The cookie box occludes the “Learn more about Teams” link in the banner (with default Firefox window sizes) and the Job / Teams link in the sidebar.  As it stands,  – a site for hobbyists and researchers, whose audience is not very likely to purchase Teams – is much, much harder to use, for no benefit that I can see. Can you roll back this change, please? How do I compare binary files in Linux? I need to compare two binary files and get the output in the form:  &lt;fileoffset-hex> &lt;file1-byte-hex> &lt;file2-byte-hex>  for every different byte. So if file1.bin is    00 90 00 11   in binary form and file2.bin is    00 91 00 10   I want to get something like    00000001 90 91   00000003 11 10   Is there a way to do this in Linux? I know about cmp -l but it uses a decimal system for offsets and octal for bytes which I would like to avoid. Network button missing gone from Nautilus? I'm using Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS.  I remember having a link in Nautilus that I used to browse network shares with in the past. I don't remember exactly but I think it was "Windows network" or "Browse network".  Now I can't find this on my current installation, there's only "Connect to server", but this is not what I want. Is there a way to put that link there? Should I do anything when I see several references that are not used in the text? In a linguistics paper I read, I noticed that several references in the bibliography are not actually used in the text. This is for about 10-15% of the references the case. Should I do anything with this? I always thought that all references must be used in the text, because even if they are just suggestions for further reading you would want some explanation why it is relevant and what you can find where.   I only know the author through their work and do not know the editors. The paper is from 2011. The references are rather general. They are relevant to the paper, but you would want page numbers with them unless you are familiar with them. They are all from different authors and different institutes. It is likely that the references were used in previous versions of the text. Integer solutions for $x^2-y^3 = 23$. Noticed in :         is 320, shown 322. Also locked in 2013.  And then :         has a score of 179, shown 180.  has a score of 123, shown 122.  Neither of these posts got any votes recently. Home screen icon for terminal program? I'm using terminal-ide  which is basically a terminal for android with all sorts of utilities. One is able to create bash scripts for example. Is there a way to create an icon on the home screen that will launch one of these scripts? Can we have a moderator only "flag for community team/developer attention" link on posts? Is “of ” necessary in “all of ”? Listen to all your fans   Name all the states   vs      Listen to all of  your fans   Name all of  the states   What part of language is of  in these examples? Is it necessary or optional, correct or incorrect? What does "I have got some time on my hands" mean? My shift at work's kinda long, so I've got some time on my hands to, you know...whatever. Think, I guess.   What does "I have got some time on my hands" mean in the above quote? I am working on refactoring some old code and have found few structs containing zero length arrays (below). Warnings depressed by pragma, of course, but I've failed to create by "new" structures containing such structures (error 2233). Array 'byData' used as pointer, but why not to use pointer instead? or array of length 1? And of course, no comments were added to make me enjoy the process...  Any causes to use such thing? Any advice in refactoring those?  struct someData {    int nData;    BYTE byData[0]; }   NB It's C++, Windows XP, VS 2003 Is a NVIDIA GeForce with Optimus Technology supported by Ubuntu? I am considering buying a Dell XPS 15 laptop. The laptop has a Nvidia 420m card which should work with Linux but I keep reading that the Nvidia Optimus technology isn't supported on Linux. I am not really interested in switching from Nvidia to Intel to save power but need to know that the Nvidia card will in fact work if I installed Ubuntu.  If anyone has experience using a Nvidia card with Optimus technology or even better the exact laptop in question (Dell XPS 15 with 1GB NVIDIA® GeForce®  GT 420M) it would be great.  A major problem holding people back from adopting Linux is this sort of hardware issue. I am a long term Ubuntu user and supporter who can't afford to make a mistake with a purchase like this. I don't want to spend £500+ to find I have no graphics acceleration because Windows 7 is not an option. What is the secondary CPU Usage Graph line in the Windows 10 Task Manager I was looking at the task manager in Windows 10 and for the first time noticed a secondary dashed line below the solid? What does this line indicate? Recently, I accidentally deleted a partition off of my external hard disk. I had a copy of Minitool Power Data Recovery left over when the same drive had become RAW about a year ago. When I selected lost partition recovery, it immediately identified my deleted partition and allowed me to access and recover the files that were there.  My question is this. Is there any way to change the deleted partition back to NTFS without having to have a drive that you need to recover the files to and then move them back after formatting, as I don’t have any space left on either the computer or on my other external hard drive, so that I don’t need to buy a new one. The files on the disk were really important.  I am using Windows 7 Home Premium.  I appreciate any help in solving this crisis. What's the main difference between Intel processor generations? What are the main differences between each processor generation of Intel processors/chipsets? Is there a performance difference?  I've already seen processors from first to sixth generation, however I don't know/understand the exact differences.