Word for a moniker that you use to address friends
Is there a word for colloquial forms of address?
How to make hair material different from the plane itself? In Cycles Render, I added hair to a plane (as I was making a grass field) and I don't seem to know how to make the actual flat plane's material different from the hairs themselves, because I'd like to make the plane have an image texture and the hairs have a yellow-like color to them, but of course, if I attempt to make the material yellow-ish, the plane AND the hairs will become yellow. I'm done with the plane, I just want to control the hairs' materials. Make the network profile editable on the main Stack Exchange page Currently, the Stack Exchange Network Profile links to all the network accounts and acts as a centralized profile page. Seeing that the ability to edit the profile is available from the profile pages of all *.SE sites, I think the ability to edit profiles should be available on that Network Profile page as well.  It will be consistent with the nature of the centralized profile page and will better the user experience.   EDIT: As the current Network profile, is actually the oldest profile on the Network, providing an edit option on the Network profile which links to the oldest profile edit page, would be one way to implement this. Cause of Alpha or Black Artefacts in Render Cleaning ‘staining’ off bottom of MacBook screen A couple months ago, I started to see some very small stain spots on the bottom of my MacBook Pro early 2015 screen. It's very annoying to see while I'm using it. When the screen is turned off, I see it as in the picture below. But when it's turned on, I see it as very small water-ish drops. I tried to clean it using water, screen cleaner, and even alcohol, but it didn't go away.  Also that area doesn't feel as smooth as the unaffected area. So, I think it's on the outside of my screen not inside.  Have you ever seen this before? Any suggestions on how to remove it without the need of replacing the whole screen? Is something similar to Robin's theorem known for possible exceptions to Lagarias' inequality? Robin's theorem says that if $$\sigma(n)&lt;e^\gamma n\log\log n$$ holds for all $n&gt;5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum of divisors of $n$, then the Riemann hypothesis is true, but if there are any counterexamples, then they are colossally abundant numbers, and there are infinitely many counterexamples.  Lagarias' theorem says $$\sigma(n)\leq H_n+e^{H_n}\log(H_n)$$ holding for all natural numbers $n$ is equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis, where $H_n$ is the $n$th harmonic number, the sum of the reciprocals of the first $n$ positive integers. It looks like Lagarias' inequality is sharper than Robin's, so any counterexamples to Robin's inequality must also be counterexamples to Lagarias'. Is known to be impossible for integers that aren't colossally abundant numbers or of some similar more general type to be exceptions to Lagarias' inequality? Are Newton's "laws" of motion laws or definitions of force and mass? If you consider  as laws, then there must be independent definitions of  and  but I don't think there's such definitions.  If you consider them as definitions, then why are they still called laws? Global auth is dead! Long live universal login How to approach a student with bad hygiene? I teach engineering at a community college in the US. I currently have a student with very poor hygiene. He stinks pretty badly, has obviously greasy hair, doesn’t change his clothes frequently, and I usually seat him in the back of the room (during exams and labs, when I have power over seating arrangements) so I don’t have to smell his (relatively strong) body odor.  This student has also spoken with a colleague of mine about his low self-esteem. He’s worried that he isn’t making friends, and doesn’t know if the people he hangs out with are hanging out with him because they want something from him (help with classwork) or because they are truly friends.   In my opinion, this student follows me around like a puppy, and he tries too hard to impress people (students and faculty alike). I am a young-ish female faculty member and I try to create very large boundaries, especially with my male students. As an example, he frequently finds the need to explain to me (in way too much detail) why he gets questions wrong on exams (I don’t care, and I don’t need to know, which I’ve told him several times with no success).  So, I would like to mention to this student that his hygiene is off-putting and isn’t helping him out in the friends department. However, because he already follows me around like a puppy dog, I don’t want to encourage any more interaction from him. Additionally, it frankly embarrasses me to have to bring up hygiene issues with somebody in their late teens / early twenties. How can I bring this issue up while still maintaining my boundary as a female faculty member who doesn’t want her male students following her around and asking her for advice all the time?  I was hoping that I would be finished up with this student by now, but I am the only professor who teaches Electrical Engineering courses, so I can’t recommend that he take classes with someone else, or ask another colleague to discuss this with him. He will be taking another of my courses next semester and I don’t personally know any of his other intended professors for next semester to ask them to bring it up. When is 6 a square in Zp To find when $6$ is a square I divided $6$ in to $2$ and $3$ by The Legendre symbol.  $$\frac{6}{p} = \frac{2}{p} \times \frac{3}{p}$$  I know that we can multiply the cases of when $2$ and $$ are squares because then it is (1)(1) by Legendre.   $2$ is a square when $p \equiv 1 \pmod{8}$   $3$ is a square when $p \equiv 1 \pmod{12}$  so $6$ is a square when $p \equiv 1 \pmod {24}$ ($96$, but the $lcm(8,12)= 24$)   but how do I find the cases when $2$ and $3$ are both NOT squares? because then $6$ would be a square then as well, $(-1)(-1) = 1$ by Legendre. I just updated from Ubuntu 10.10 to 11.04 and have an issue regarding the screen resolution. I have Intel integrated gfx chip and my monitor supports resolutions larger than 1024x768. (in 10.10 I've been using 1280x1024) But as soon as I upgraded, I'm stuck with 1024x768 resolution and seems I can't change it.  running xrandr In terminal yields the following results,   Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 4096 x 4096 LVDS1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm    1280x800       58.1 +    1024x768       60.0*     800x600        60.3     56.2      640x480        59.9   VGA1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 344mm x 194mm    1366x768       59.9 +    1360x768       60.0      1024x768       75.1     72.0     70.1     60.0*     832x624        74.6      800x600        72.2     75.0     60.3     56.2      640x480        72.8     75.0     66.7     60.0      720x400        70.1     1280x1024_60.00 (0xce)  109.0MHz         h: width  1280 start 1368 end 1496 total 1712 skew    0 clock   63.7KHz         v: height 1024 start 1027 end 1034 total 1063           clock   59.9Hz   What maybe the problem? Is it a bug? What kind of steps I should take in order to get a higher resolution? (changing xorg.conf maybe?) Any insight is highly appreciated. Thanks in advance.   UPDATE    Screenshot after running xrandr --addmode VGA1 1360x768  As you can see, side bar is not completely visible and Ubuntu logo at the task bar is missing. Also when you open an application, the Task bar of the application (where it should go to the top panel) is missing as well.. What happens if you are refused entry between two countries? Last month, I was travelling on a backpacking trip across Russia and the Baltic states (Schengen zone). I'm an Indian by nationality. So I had to get the respective single entry visa for Russia and Schengen Europe.  At the border crossing into Estonia by road (at Ivangorod-Narva), I exited the Russian border with an exit stamp (so now I can't go back to Russia since I had a single entry visa). When I was at the immigration checkpoint of Estonia, I was heavily questioned on the intent of my travel to Europe while entering Estonia by road.   Though I finally got into Europe, It got me wondering - what happens if a foreign national is denied entry into a country not at the airport but by land between 2 countries he cannot go into ?  Generally, if you are denied entry at the airport the airline has the obligation to fly you back to your country. But what happens when you are stuck between two countries and you cant get into either ? What happens to you then ? In  it says     To make gradient descent work correctly, we need to choose the learning rate η to be small enough that Equation (9) is a good approximation. If we don't, we might end up with $\Delta C&gt;0$, which obviously would not be good! At the same time, we don't want $\eta$ to be too small, since that will make the changes $\Delta v$ tiny, and thus the gradient descent algorithm will work very slowly. In practical implementations, $\eta$ is often varied so that Equation (9) remains a good approximation, but the algorithm isn't too slow. We'll see later how this works.   But just a few paragraphs before we established that $\Delta C\approx−\eta\nabla C⋅\nabla C=−\eta\|\nabla C\|^2$ is obviously always negative (for positive $\eta$). So how can $\Delta C$ be positive if we don't choose a small enough learning rate? What is meant there? What is (meant by) a non-compact $U(1)$ Lie group? In John Preskill's  of monopoles he states on p. 471     Nowadays, we have another way of understanding why electric charge is quantized. Charge is quantized if the electromagnetic $U(l)_{\rm em}$ gauge group is compact. But $U(l)_{\rm em}$ is automatically compact in a unified gauge theory in which $U(l)_{\rm em}$ is embedded in a nonabelian semisimple   group. [Note that the standard Weinberg-Salam-Glashow (35) model is   not "unified" according to this criterion.]   The implication of the third sentence is that, in some circumstances, the $U(1)_{\rm em}$ gauge group may not be compact.  How could this be?  Since $U(1)$ as a differentiable manifold is diffeomorphic to $S^1$ isn't it automatically always compact?  The following paragraph:     In other words, in a unified gauge theory, the electric charge operator obeys nontrivial commutation relations with other operators in the theory. Just as the angular momentum algebra requires the eigenvalues of $J_z$ to be integer multiples of $\frac{\hbar}{2}$, the commutation relations satisfied by the electric charge operator require its   eigenvalues to be integer multiples of a fundamental unit. This   conclusion holds even if the symmetries generated by the charges that   fail to commute with electric charge are spontaneously broken.   is OK, but I don't follow what that has to do with the compactness of $U(1)$. Where does tidal energy come from? Compact topological space with closed graph implies continuity Let $X,Y$ be topological spaces and $f:X \rightarrow Y$  If $Y$ is compact and $G(f)$ (graph of $f$) is closed, show that $f$ is continuous.   I consider an open set in $X$, and as $G(f)$ is closed, $(X \times Y)-G(f)$ is open. And I guess I need to do something here. Then I can get some open sets. Also, I notice that compact is something relate to "finite". I guess I can use the compactness to do finite intersection or union and get the result finally.  But what should I do in the middle or I am not even on a right track. Using zypper, how can I remove all packages installed from a specific repository? Linear mixed effect model vs. Ordered Probit vs. Ordered Logit with ordinal response I have a set of data with an ordinal response ranging from 1-5 (worst to best) and a categorical predictor with five unordered levels. The experiment is a language experiment whereby subjects are asked to rate different sentence types. In the literature it seems that people fit lmer() most of the time by scaling the ordinal response per subject (i.e. taking the mean response and standard deviation of that subject and dividing the every single response by it.). On the other hand, it seems a reasonable approach to use ordered linear mixed effects probit models or ordered linear mixed effects logit models as implemented in e.g. MCMCglmm() or clmm().  (1) I find myself asking what the best method would be. When is one method to be prefered over the other in an experiment as I have sketched above?  (2) Why do people prefer fitting an lmer() model with a scaled response? What is the advantage?  (3) If it is advisable to use an ordered probit or logit model, how do I decide between an ordered probit or ordered logit model?  Thanks for any help! I replaced a buggy Windows Vista installation with Ubuntu. All works fine except that the main HD where I had all my files are now inaccessible. Here is the error message I get:   Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 13: ntfs_attr_pread_i: ntfs_pread failed: Input/output error Failed to read NTFS $Bitmap: Input/output error NTFS is either inconsistent, or there is a hardware fault, or it's a SoftRAID/FakeRAID hardware. In the first case run chkdsk /f on Windows then reboot into Windows twice. The usage of the /f parameter is very important! If the device is a SoftRAID/FakeRAID then first activate it and mount a different device under the /dev/mapper/ directory, (e.g. /dev/mapper/nvidia_eahaabcc1). Please see the 'dmraid' documentation for more details   Is it necessarily a hardware problem? If not, is there a way to repair the HD from Ubuntu? Dynamically adding a form to a Django formset I want to dynamically add new forms to a Django formset, so that when the user clicks an &quot;add&quot; button it runs JavaScript that adds a new form (which is part of the formset) to the page. Creating non-reverse-engineerable Java programs