How does `cat` work so that it allows reading a file line as an array element?
Quoted vs unquoted string expansion
How do I need to configure SMTP Auth? I have dedicated FreeBSD box, The email sending without  is working perfectly but very slow. The receiver receives email after almost 15 mins. I checked the maillog it says delays and timeouts that means the server keeps on trying to send email again and again until it successfully sends one. This is consuming lots of CPU.  I am seeking help for configuring smpt module to use my dedicated box's  smtp server, I need help in following places where I have ???? sign:  #SMTP server settings SMTP server -&gt; smpt.mydomain.com  # Tested by pinging, its working SMTP backup server -&gt; mail.mydomain.com  # Also verified by Ping SMTP port -&gt; 25 USE SSL  #SMTP Authentication Username -&gt; ??????? Password -&gt; ???????   I tried using localhost, also username and password of the dedicated box or leaving both lines blank which gives me:     Unable to send e-mail. Contact the site administrator if the problem   persists.   also checking the debug log doesn't show any log, it says check admin/reports/dblog but when I got to the link it just shows me the contents from admin/reports no any dblog I am writing pseudo code in the algorithmic environment. It is quite long and doesn't fit on one single page. Instead of it continuing on the next page, it is cut off. I tried inserting it into a figure environment, but the problem persists. Is there a solution to have the code continue on the next page? Calculate Euler equations of fluid dynamics without division? Negative energy levels in the diagram for a hydrogen atom The higher the number of the shell (n), the higher is the energy level of the electron. However, why was it necessary to have negative values. So for example, when $n=1$, the energy could be $5 eV$ and for $n=2$, $6 eV$... having positive values could also have supported the idea that as $n$ increases, energy of electron increases. What is the point of having negative numbers, does it somehow aid calculations? I'm using Mathematicato produce some of my graphics (when i'm not able to just TikZ them easily). All these images are availabvle as .eps and .pnghaving the same file name - let's use img.eps / img.png in the following.  I would like to set a preference for graphicx to use only one type, i.e. using  \includegraphics[width=.6\textwitdh]{img}   I would like to specify, which img to use with one switch, (package) option or variable.  I tried  \DeclareGraphicsExtension{.eps}   to restrict the allowed image extension to .eps, but still the .png file is included. It seems, .pngis preferred over .eps.  Though this is of course restricted to XeTeX it might be interesting for others, if you use .png together with some lossy format like .jpg to have a file extension preference.   Is there a package option for that or an easy command (global document option) for that?  To provide an MWE is - I think - difficult, because it would be necessary to provide at least 3 files. Story of lost tech but magic manifests I'm looking for this novel (or maybe a series of books?). I remember that technology began failing all over the world. Some people began transforming into different types of mythical creatures, like sprites, demons, etc. There was a band of about four travelers that were trying to make it to Chicago, since that seemed to be at the center of the issue. The story line frequently shifted the point of view in each new chapter. I vaguely recall a final battle in Chicago with an enormous and powerful demon creature. I think this demon used to be a corporate lawyer or big business guy before his transformation. I believe I read this in the early/mid 2000s, and was likely published around that time because of the types of tech used and failing in the story. Although it bears some surface similarity to the TV show, Revolution, they aren’t comparable in plot or characters. Taxonomy terms view sorting results numerically I have a taxonomy that's comprised entirely of numeric term names, 1 through 1200 (with a few numbers missing in between). I created a new "Taxonomy terms" view to show all terms in this vocabulary. When I look at the view results, I'd like to see the terms sorted numerically, however the view is displaying the terms alphabetically. I understand the reason for this is because term names are strings, but I'm hoping someone has an answer of how to make the query treat the term names as integers.  Here's an example of the view results as they are displayed now:   1 10 100 1000 1001 1005 101 1014 1015 1016 1019 102 1020 1024 103 1034 104   Normally in MySQL, you could write SELECT name FROM {taxonomy_term_data} ORDER BY CAST(name AS UNSIGNED). Is there a way to get this same type of CAST() happening in views? I'm having trouble solving a Fitch Style Proof and I was hoping someone would be able to help me.  Premises: p ∧ q  Goal: q ∨ r  Would be an assumption (p ∧ q => q ∨ r) in first step a correct one?   Then, q ∨ r Implication Elimination: 2, 1  Why is it not correct?  Thank you very much for any help! Is a semigroup with unique right identity and left inverse a group? I have a problem with using "too" in a sentence. In what situation would you use "too" instead of "so" or "very"? Please include an example to illustrate the difference. How do I find my follower if and when they leave me? Unicode applies the convention of using a  as signature at the beginning of a text stream, identifying the encoding used within it. The following three bytes at the beginning of a file: EF BB BF, identifies this file as a UTF8 file. Vi and most text editors gracefully ignore this signature. Open office does that as well, but it adds this signature at the beginning.  Now, if I open a TeX file with OpenOffic.org, and I do that quite a lot (for mixed directionality editing), the signature is added, and baffles LaTeX, which produces an error message such as:   ! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}.   See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.  Type  H &lt;return&gt;  for immediate help.  ...                                                l.1   ��\documentclass{article}   whereas a simple dump of the file does not show the problem. Is there a way to eliminate this problem, while staying in the realm of latex? What are the best practices for battery longevity? How do you maximize the cycle count of your battery?  There seems to be a debate between:   Leave plugged in 24/7 but do a full cycle once a month Charge to ~100%, drain to ~10%, repeat.   NOTE: Taking your   Which method is better and why? How much of a difference does it really make?  Here are some of the better sources I've found about battery behavior so far. Even still I feel they don't conclusively answer the question above. See my elaborations below:           Elaborating on Option 1  Now IF Apple engineers were smart and optimized for AC draw when plugged in to not use up your charge cycles, then it seem logical to assume that you are using effectively none of your 1000 charge cycles while plugged in. If that's the case, it would seem that the LiPo drop from holding at 100% would be vastly outweighed by the fact you're not using any charge cycles.  However, this is a purely speculative assumption and I could find no evidence to either confirm or deny.  If this is NOT true, and the AC adapter only goes to charging the battery, then there would be no difference. Your battery would drain to 99%, then back up to 100%, then back down to 99%, etc. Those micro-charge cycles would add up at the same rate as 100% -> 0% -> 100%, and you would get no gain. In this case the negative effect of holding LiPo batteries at 100% would outweigh everything else.  Elaborating on Option 2  There are lots of good reasons why Option 2 is the way it is:   Because of known LiPo chemistry issues, holding a 100% charge for a long time causes the battery to degrade Apple specifically recommends not to leave it plugged in all the time  Draining a battery all the way to zero all the time is bad for the cell (Which is why ~10% is used) Heat is a killer, and when plugged in AND charging, you get extra heat that causes damage.   There are a couple reasons why I'm challenging Option 2:   It seems silly that the most intuitive use case for thousands of people that use their macs as primary computers is wrong. If the hypothesis in option 1 is true, you're just burning unnecessarily through your finite charge cycles. It's a pain to have to remember to keep plugging in and plugging out and be worried about whether or not your device is plugged in. I am trying to prove the following.  Proposition Let $g$ be a Lie algebra such that the first derived algebra $Dg$ is a proper ideal of $g$. Consider the quotient $g/D^1 g$, and show that the preimage of any codimension 1 subspace is   an ideal, and has codimension 1.   I could show that the preimage is indeed an ideal, but I need some help with the part about the dimensions:  So suppose that $\phi: x \mapsto [x]$ is the quotient projection. And write $[h] + Dg$  for a codimension 1 subspace of $g$ (here $h\subset g$). Then the preimage of this subspace is just the linear span $h+Dg\leq g$. Let $y+z \in h+Dg$ with $y\in h$ and $z\in Dg$. Let $x\in g$. We want to show that $[x, y+z]\in h$, ie that $h + Dg \lhd g$. We can write $x$ as $x_0+x_1$ for $x_0 \in Dg$, $x_1\not\in Dg$. Then  $$[x,y+z] = [x_0, y+z] + [x_1, y] + [x_1,z] \in h + Dg$$  The inclusion follows since $Dg$ is an ideal so the first and third terms belong $Dg$; and $[x_1, y] \in D_g$, as $g/Dg$ is abelian. Windows 8 Setting an image on the login screen In Windows 8.1 when you log in there's the prelogin screen that has an image you can change, but then there's also the login (password entry) screen that as far as I can see is just a solid color.  How could I replace that with an actual picture? (ie, if I wanted a company logo to be displayed in the large space underneath the password entry box. Which choice of line-breaking parameters gives the minimum number of lines So all wizards get an invitation to Hogwarts at 11... How do they know whom to invite?  If a wizard is Muggle-born, then nobody would know about their existence.  Or do they register some weird magical stuff being done by them before 11? If angular velocity & angular acceleration are vectors, why not angular displacement? Are angular quantities vector?   ... It is not easy to get used to representing angular quantities as vectors. We instinctively expect that something should be moving along the direction of a vector. That is not the case here. Instead, something(the rigid body) is rotating around the direction of the vector. In the world of pure rotation,a vector defines an axis of rotation, not a direction in which something moves.   This is what my book (authored by Halliday, Walker, Resnick) says. But they mentioned with a caution that      Angular displacements cannot be treated as vectors. ....to be represented as a vector, a quantity must also obey the rules of vector addition..... Angular displacements fail this test.   Why do they fail in this test? What is the reason? I have a string User name (sales) and I want to extract the text between the brackets, how would I do this?   I suspect sub-string but I can't work out how to read until the closing bracket, the length of text will vary. How would one prove that $$\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \frac{F_{n+1}}{F_n}=\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}=\varphi$$  where $F_n$ is the nth Fibonacci number and $\varphi$ is the Golden Ratio?