Read file into string - Java
How do I create a Java string from the contents of a file?
After hours of banging my brain against my skull, I narrowed down an issue I'm having to the fact that \makeatletter doesn't work inside \newcommand. Commands that I call after \makeatletter are registered as undefined, as if \makeatletter didn't do anything.  Why is this the case?  In the example below, I define two commands. Calling one of them from the document body causes the undefined error, while the other doesn't.  \documentclass[11pt]{book} \usepackage{kvsetkeys}  \newcommand{\commandThatFails}{     \makeatletter \comma@parse{}{} \makeatother }  \makeatletter     \newcommand{\commandThatWorks}{         \comma@parse{}{}     } \makeatother  \begin{document}  Hi there.  \commandThatFails \commandThatWorks  \end{document} I have a hard time finding a how-to.  I would like to set up a simple ESD mat and wrist wrap, but I am not sure about is the the 1 MOhm resistor should be, if at all.  Several options:   1 MOhm from ground outlet to the mat, wire from the common earthing on the mat to the wrist wrap. 1 MOhm from ground outlet to the mat, wire from another contact on the mat to the wrist wrap. 1 MOhm from ground outlet to the mat, 1 MOhm from the same mat contact to the wrist wrap. wire from ground outlet to the mat, 1 MOhm from the same mat contact to the wrist wrap. wire from ground outlet to the mat, wire from another mat contact to the wrist wrap.   I am not sure why the 1 MOhm wire is needed since the mat itself already has that kind of resistance (as long as the wrist wrap does not connect to ground directly, but through the mat).  Which solutions above are ok? Which is best? Should I do something else instead? While reviewing First Posts on Super User, I noticed that I couldn't edit this question (see below). Clicking the &quot;edit&quot; link simply does nothing. Editing is not possible for me right now because I have already five suggested edits pending. It used to be the case that the link would've been grayed out (and the reason shown as a popover). , and while I'm not sure it's an improvement, the current implementation needs some fixing at least.  This bug appears regardless of the actual reason that the edit isn't possible; for instance,  is another user experiencing the same bug who couldn't suggest an edit because of an already pending one. Apparently, I'm far from the only one who experiences this issue. As of last Sunday morning,  have been posted networkwide (and are still alive) and  is #16. Did Stephen Baxter or Arthur C. Clarke's estate ever comment on continuing "A Time Odyssey"? 2007 book "Firstborn", the third and last book of "" trilogy by Stephen Baxter and Arthur C. Clarke - an "orthoquel" to "2001: A Space Odyssey" - ends with a cliffhanger which obviously implies continuation:      Myra said, “My God.Charlie? ”  Bisesa stared. “Who is ‘we’?”  “We call ourselves the Lastborn. We are at war. We are losing.” She held out her hands. “Please. Come with me now.”  Bisesa and Myra, still hugging each other, reached out their free hands. Their fingertips touched Charlie’s.  A clash of cymbals.   However, sadly, Sir Arthur died in 2008, with no further books forthcoming.  Did Stephen Baxter  or Arthur C. Clarke's estate ever comment on continuing "A Time Odyssey" after 2008?  Wikipedia has no info:     The 2008 Gollancz edition of the most recent book describes itself on the cover as the "Conclusion" of the series, but the plot is not concluded in the book. The immediate threat is averted but the enemy is not defeated, suggesting that further novels in the series were intended. With the death of Clarke, one of the two authors, it is not clear whether these will be written. Does anyone know?  And a bigger question is what happens when you encounter this maximum? Is this the same number with other Windows OSs such as Vista, XP etc.? The Riemann zeta function $ζ(s)$ is defined for all complex numbers $s ≠ 1$ with a simple pole at $s = 1$. It has zeros at the negative even integers, i.e., at $s = −2, −4, −6, ...$.   My question: How one can obtain these roots. Mouse Pointer Locator How can one request reconsideration of a   after a certain period of time, let us say after one year? Can we use sine and cosine graphs for varying temperatures? I have been researching for a while looking for what to include more than just deriving the equation of Newton’s law of cooling and a website gave me inspiration by stating what if the temperature of the environment is changing (± C). In conclusion, I wasn’t sure if that person carried out the mathematical process in the right way and the only place I could ask for accurate information is here so please let me know what you think about the mathematical process he went for and if it is right or wrong. Thanks a lot. Website: Is there a GUI IDE for programming python just like java has netbeans?  I wanted one where we could drag &amp; drop test boxes &amp; labels just as we do in swing components using netbeans or eclipse.  Or is there an add-on present in either netbeans or eclipse itself? Is there ever a time to create a user for a company? I'm wondering if there's ever a reason or time when a company should have its own user (like say, Stack Overflow), instead of users that make it up (like, Jeff Atwood).   I figure this is kind of a bad idea as someone with access to multiple accounts could upvote himself over and over.... but is there any point this is okay and/or a good idea? How can I cast artificially darker shadows? I want to make certain shadows more prominent (using Cycles) without further illuminating the rest of the scene.  Example: I have a simple studio with a bowl of fruit and 3-point lighting.  The light looks great so I don't want to change it but I want the bowl to cast a darker shadow on the ground (without dimming the back-light).  Alternatively, and this would be really cool, an anti-light source.  Like a spot light that throws darkness instead of light. (Am I crazy for wanting this?)  Thanks! How can I remove gpg key that I added using apt-key add -? I don't need the key in my server's keyring anymore. Is it possible to remove it? I added the key using this command:   curl http://repo.varnish-cache.org/debian/GPG-key.txt | apt-key add -   Thanks for helping The biggest peeve is sometimes I vote up an answer mid-way through reading it, and the "don't forget to accept" message blocks the remaining text, so I scramble and triple-click it until it closes.  Anyways I frequently scan my question list and search for SO's reminders, ("Consider accepting an answer") so the "don't forget to accept" is wholly unnecessary to some, and there should be a way to disable it. Do you think so too? I'm trying to find the infinite sum that is defined by:  $$ 3 \cdot \frac{9}{11} + 4 \cdot \left(\frac{9}{11}\right)^2 + 5 \cdot \left(\frac{9}{11}\right)^3 + \cdots $$  However, I do not know of any known formula to do this. Am I missing something really simple? Thanks! How to keep Heading together with text? I use a very custom style (not mine) and very frequently I get a heading  on the bottom of a page and the next paragraph on the top of the next page. Sometimes this paragraph may be a list or similar. The same is true for listings and the listing description.   Is there a general way how I can adjust the "badness" of these events? Or can I adjust when a section heading would be on the last, say, 3cm of a page it should go to the next page? Or can I say, if a *listing description" is on the top 3cm of a page pull 5 more listing lines from the last page onto this page?   The style I use does not use standard structure tags and environments. But lets call them section, subsection, listing and I will try to migrate them to my lingo. Convert shapely polygon coordinates I am trying to work with a shapefile using shapely, fiona and python. The original coordinate system is in latitude and longitude that I am trying to convert to state plane system. So I want an updated shapefile with coordinates as statePlane. I converted the json object:  fc = fiona.open("sample.shp")    geoJsonObj = shapefile_record['geometry'] array_coordinates = np.array(geoJsonObj['coordinates']) array_newCoordinates = copy.deepcopy(array_coordinates) for counter in range(0,len(array_coordinates[0])):     long,lat = p1(array_coordinates[0][counter][0],array_coordinates[0][counter][1])     #where p1 is a function to do the conversion     array_newCoordinates[0][counter][0] = long     array_newCoordinates[0][counter][1] = lat  geoJsonObj['coordinates'] = array_newCoordinates.tolist()   when i check the coordinates, i get state plane coordinates according to the transformation.  n. However, when i open the individual shapes/polygons within the shapefile, the coordinates are still latitude and longitude. why does this happen?  ----EDIT 1-----  from pyproj import Proj, transform import fiona from fiona.crs import from_epsg  dest_crs = from_epsg(4269) shape = fiona.open("Sample.shp") original = Proj(shape.crs) # EPSG:4326 in your case destination = Proj('+proj=lcc +lat_1=36.41666666666666 +lat_2=35.25      +lat_0=34.33333333333334 +lon_0=-86 +x_0=600000 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +datum=NAD83  +no_defs') with fiona.open('new.shp', 'w', 'ESRI Shapefile',shape.schema.copy(),crs = dest_crs) as output:     for feat in shape:                print feat['geometry']['coordinates']         for counter in range(0,len(feat['geometry']['coordinates'][0])):             long,lat =  feat['geometry']['coordinates'][0][counter]             x,y = transform(original, destination,long,lat)             feat['geometry']['coordinates'][0][counter] = (x,y)         output.write(feat) I am trying to perform centrality analysis with sDNA with ArcGIS Pro (ver. 2.7.1). However, I have failed to run the Preparation &amp; Integral Analysis in sDNA with the same reason. What is the problem and What should I do? Recommended ways to upgrade AlwaysOn AG from 2014 to 2016 What is the recommended process of upgrading Availability Groups with one Sync Replica from SQL 2014 to 2016?  My understanding is that in-place upgrades are not really liked among database professionals. Is there a way to avoid in-place upgrades in Availability Groups? Is there a possibility to join a 2016 server into an existing 2014 availability group and to failover there, then "kill" one of the other instances and upgrade it? (e.g. by removing/re-installing SQL side-by-side on the same host)  Are there any other upgrade scenarios that we should consider?  The ideal solution would be that we always have 2 online replicas, and that we don't need to do any in-place upgrades. I have frequently encountered both $\langle a,b \rangle$ and $[a,b]$ as notation for closed . I have mostly encountered $(a,b)$ for open intervals, but I have also seen $]a,b[$. I recall someone calling the notation with $[a,b]$ and $]a,b[$ as French notation.   What are the origins of the two notations?  Is the name French notation correct? Are they used frequently in France? Or were they perhaps prevalent in French mathematical community at some point? (In this  Bourbaki is mentioned in connection with the notation $]a,b[$.)      Since several answerers have already mentioned that they have never seen $\langle a,b \rangle$ to be used for closed intervals, I have tried to look for some occurrences for this. The best I can come up with is the article on , where these notations are called Czech notation and French notation. Using $(a,b)$ and $[a,b]$ is called English notation in that article. (I am from Central Europe, too, so it is perhaps not that surprising that I have seen this notation in lectures.) I also tried to google for  or . Surprisingly, this lead me to a  where this notation is used for open interval.