Creating Offline Maps using QGIS and OpenStreetMap?
How to clip an Openlayers OSM Background to a Vector Boundary?
If $$Y=\sum_{i=1}^{N}X_i^2$$ where $X_i \sim \mathcal{N}(0,\sigma^2)$, i.e. all $X_i$ are i.i.d. normal random variables of zero mean with same variances, then $$Y \sim \Gamma\left(\frac{N}{2},2\sigma^2\right).$$  I know the chi-squared distribution is a special case of the gamma distribution, but could not derive the chi-squared distribution for random variable $Y$. Any help, please? Eliminating non-integer solutions to $ab / (2\sqrt{ab} + a + b)$ How do I find out which DOM element has the focus? When quoting something said by someone else, should I use a comma before the quote? Suppose I quote the definition given in a dictionary. Am I correctly using the the punctuation marks in the following sentences? (I am using them in the way I think correct in American English.)     One of the meanings of cat is, "a small animal with soft fur that people often keep as a pet."        A cadet is, "a young person who is training to become an officer in the police or armed forces."   Should I use a comma only when I explicitly quote somebody?     Groucho Marx once said, "Although it is generally known, I think it's about time to announce that I was born at a very early age."   Should I use a comma in this case too?     As Groucho Marx said,            No one is completely unhappy at the failure of his best friend.      On Comma Sense, A fun-damental guide to punctuation (Richard Lederer and John Shore), I read the following about using the comma:     Use commas to set off complete quotations:           The great general George S. Patton once said, "No, no—the war is this way, you idiots!" Beamer: bold math no longer working How to automatically create large number of columns in Excel 2013 I would like to start a new excel spreadsheet, create a column named Column1, and quickly fill in increments, (Column2, Column3 etc) up to Column500. Is there an easy way to do this?   Also is there an easy way to afterwards select all 500 columns and add 10 rows of data to all of them? I havent used my Ubuntu for quite a long time.  Today, when I booted Ubuntu (14.04 LTS), the software updater and Software &amp; Updates (from Settings) are not working.  The software updater's window will show up for around 1 sec, but it will close automatically. Software &amp; Updates is never shown, no matter how many times I click the icon. Note that neither of them show any error message.  Those 2 features were working perfectly the last time I used Ubuntu. I want to do some system upgrade and update.  For now, I use sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get upgrade. This command runs very fast, meaning (I think) my Ubuntu is not updated properly. The update from software updater always has a big size hence the download should be slower.  What should I do?   Can I just uninstall and reinstall both of them? If I can, how to do it?  Just to clarify, I don't want to upgrade my Ubuntu version (I want the LTS one), I just want to upgrade the software/packages I used.  Thanks for your time. Documents required by Indian citizens wishing to travel to Nepal I'm a citizen of India and I'm travelling to Nepal by air. Is an Aadhaar Card a valid document used for travelling to Nepal by air? Does photon have size measurement because of its particle nature Does photon have size measurement because of its particle nature like electron's 3.86*10^-13m etc.. Long, blurry reflections in wet road My processor is 64-bit - does that mean I need the amd64 image? How to reset KDE desktop to default on Ubuntu 14.04? KDE and Gnome Desktops were looking awesome on my Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, today everything seemed ugly. Slim long font, arabic letters in Chromium/Firefox are barely readable no matter how big I made them on system font settings. How can I get back to my previous looks settings, without compromising other settings and tweaks?  Here are my versions:  kde4-config -v:  Qt: 4.8.6 KDE Development Platform: 4.13.3 kde4-config: 1.0   kded4 --version:  Qt: 4.8.6 KDE Development Platform: 4.13.3 KDE Daemon: 4.13.3 I used to edit the startup script for the GDM (/etc/gdm/Init/Default) to permanently change my display resolution.   How can I do this with LigthDM in Ubuntu Oneiric? Why is CDC capture failing due to a missing dbo principal Can I SSH into a specific directory? I SSH into a multitude of different servers every day and some of them have different filesystem structures for their websites. Each time I change server, I have to work out where I'm going to get to the files I really want (because it's very rarely that I want to be in ~). I use Fabric files to automate all my actions (pushing to git, automated SSH to the server to pull from git, restarting the web application, changing dependencies, etc), so I was wondering if I couldn't also tell it that I want to SSH into the right directory so I can run fab ssh and be in a normal SSH session, just in the right place and start working immediately. This is not about Fabric though; please ignore it. Fabric is just running a batch of commands. My argument is with the ssh command. That's what I'll be telling Fabric to run. So how I can get ssh to cd into a specific directory on login? Note: this cannot be a server or user-wide thing. I have multiple websites under one user on some servers so sticking something in ~/.bashrc would not work for me. How to handle dynamic changing ID's In XPath? How to Handle Dynamic Changing IDs In XPath? for example :   //div[@id='post-body-3647323225296998740']/div[1]/form[1]/input[1]   In this xpath id "3647323225296998740" is changing every time when reloading the page.   Is there any way to handle this type of situation in Selenium? How do I fix a "Problem with MergeList" or "status file could not be parsed" error when trying to do an update? Using the itemize environment inside a caption The following code does not compile. However, if I remove the itemize environment it does. I googled for this problem, and found suggestions that using the caption package would solve the problem, though I did not find any clear description of why the problem occurred in the first place. See for example    I'm using Debian squeeze with TeX Live 2009-11. The included version of caption has   \ProvidesPackage{caption}[2009/10/09 v3.1k Customizing captions (AR)]   I also tried downloading and using the caption package from     but this doesn't change anything. I put the sty files in my current directory. I assume that overrides the system files. This one corresponds to  \ProvidesPackage{caption}[2010/01/09 v3.1m Customizing captions (AR)]   Error message and example file follow.  *******************************************     ERROR: Argument of \@caption has an extra }.  --- TeX said --- &lt;inserted text&gt;                  \par  l.13     }  --- HELP --- From the .log file...  I've run across a `}' that doesn't seem to match anything. For example, `\def\a#1{...}' and `\a}' would produce this error. If you simply proceed now, the `\par' that I've just inserted will cause me to report a runaway argument that might be the root of the problem. But if your `}' was spurious, just type `2' and it will go away. ******************************************************  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{caption} \begin{document}  \begin{figure}     \captionsetup{singlelinecheck=off}     \caption     {       foo       \begin{itemize}       \item bar       \end{itemize}     } \end{figure} \end{document} How do I identify SMD components? (or how do I identify any component) How do I identify the markings on an SMT component and match it up with a part number so I can be a good designer and actually look at a datasheet (and read the whole thing)? Or identify a part to replace an unknown part on a PCB? How old should you be when you begin Jedi training?