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In classical statistics, there is a definition that a statistic $T$ of a set of data $y_1, \ldots, y_n$ is defined to be complete for a parameter $\theta$ it is impossible to form an unbiased estimator of $0$ from it nontrivially. That is, the only way to have $E h(T (y )) = 0$ for all $\theta$ is to have $h$ be $0$ almost surely.   Is there a intuition behind this? Is seems like a rather mechanical way of defining this, I am aware this has been asked before, but was wondering if there was a very easy to understand intuition that would make introductory students have an easier time digesting the material. Why "would" instead of "will" in this sentence? The goal for these negotiations is to reach a mutually-agreed long-term comprehensive solution that would ensure Iranˈs nuclear program will be exclusively peaceful.    what does would imply here? If it implies future, why will has not been used?  A good link teaching would thoroughly would be really appreciated. Specially, distinguishing between the senses of would is not always easy. How do I concatenate const/literal strings in C? I'm working in C, and I have to concatenate a few things.  Right now I have this:  message = strcat("TEXT ", var);  message2 = strcat(strcat("TEXT ", foo), strcat(" TEXT ", bar));   Now if you have experience in C I'm sure you realize that this gives you a segmentation fault when you try to run it. So how do I work around that? For what $n$ is $U_n$ cyclic? Remove extra header lines from file, except for the first line I have a file that looks like this toy example.  My actual file has 4 million lines, about 10 of which I need to delete.  ID  Data1  Data2 1    100    100 2    100    200 3    200    100 ID  Data1  Data2 4    100    100 ID  Data1  Data2 5    200    200   I want to delete the lines that look like the header, except for the first line.  Final file:  ID  Data1  Data2 1    100    100 2    100    200 3    200    100 4    100    100 5    200    200   How can I do this? What does the typical workflow of a journal look like? What steps does a manuscript typically go through from submission to publication (or rejection) in a typical journal? How are these steps referred to, in particular by editorial systems, and how long do they each typically take?  Note that this question is about the typical situation and hence not about:   Journals with an atypical workflow, e.g. those that allow for an instantaneous reviewer–author interaction. Exceptional steps or rare occurrences such as withdrawal or .   This is a canonical question on this topic as per . Due to its nature, it is rather broad and not exemplary for a regular question on this site. Please feel free to improve this question. I know that nobody likes duplicate questions, but I haven't found my answer on any of the other questions with this topic.  I built a computer with a  (made by Gigabyte).  It supposedly has 512 CUDA cores.  I followed  tutorial, (which enabled the Nvidia proprietary drivers) and was able to enable dual monitors and all the desktop graphics that are needed.  Unfortunetly, the GPU processing option still doesn't show up in Blender.  I've tried installing nvidia-cuda-toolkit, and that didn't make a difference.  I also tried to update my drivers from nvidia-346 to nvidia-349, and this had no apparent effect either.  What can I do to enable GPU rendering?  (I've tried both blender installed and just downloaded from the site). I am trying to install a Ralink wifi adapter in Ubuntu Desktop 14.04.  The system is not detecting the wifi.   lsusb lists the device as:  Bus 002 Device 004: ID 148f:7601 Ralink Technology, Corp.  I have the rt2800 USB driver listed in "/etc/modules"; Following some instructions on the web, I tried this command:  echo 148F 7601 | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/rt2800usb/new_i  lsmod | grep rt2800 returns the following:  rt2800usb              26581  0  rt2x00usb              20041  1 rt2800usb rt2800lib              83150  1 rt2800usb rt2x00lib              48886  3 rt2x00usb,rt2800lib,rt2800usb mac80211              545990  3 rt2x00lib,rt2x00usb,rt2800lib crc_ccitt              12627  1 rt2800lib Using Thunderbird and gmail, sent items appear as unread in "All Mail" I'm using a gmail account in Thunderbird. When I send a message, a new mail notification appears (sound and system try icon), an unread message appears in the gmail All Mail folder, and the account name turns blue.  I have to click on "Sent Mail" or "All Mail" to get rid of the notification. Unsubscribing from "All Mail" is not effective (it still turns the account name blue).  This seems to be popping up elsewhere (), but nobody has posted a helpful answer.  How do I keep Thunderbird from thinking that a sent message is new unread mail in the All Mail folder? In ideal gas model,  is the measure of average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. If by some means the gas particles are accelerated to a very high speed in one direction, KE certainly increased, can we say the gas becomes hotter? Do we need to distinguish the random vibration KE and KE in one direction?  Furthermore, if we accelerate a block of metal with ultrasonic vibrator so that the metal is vibrating in very high speed with cyclic motion, can we say the metal is hot when it is moving but suddenly become much cooler when the vibration stop? Subject-verb inversion / verb-subject-object -- is this correct? I recently read the following in a schoolbook:     Wrote the researchers, "[...]"   I wonder if this is correct English. I have seen it a couple of more times. Is this just a matter of preference? English doesn't really have a very liberal word order, unless you're writing poetry or the like.  Can anyone tell me what this is called? I found some information on subject-verb inversion, but it only seems to be when the object is in front, but in this case, the word order is verb-subject-object. Why is the observable universe so big? The observable universe is approximately 13.7 billion years old. But yet it is 80 billion light years across. Isn't this a contradiction? How to reset KDE desktop to default on Ubuntu 14.04? KDE and Gnome Desktops were looking awesome on my Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, today everything seemed ugly. Slim long font, arabic letters in Chromium/Firefox are barely readable no matter how big I made them on system font settings. How can I get back to my previous looks settings, without compromising other settings and tweaks?  Here are my versions:  kde4-config -v:  Qt: 4.8.6 KDE Development Platform: 4.13.3 kde4-config: 1.0   kded4 --version:  Qt: 4.8.6 KDE Development Platform: 4.13.3 KDE Daemon: 4.13.3 Why are differential equations for fields in physics of order two? What is the reason for the observation that across the board fields in physics are generally governed by second order (partial) differential equations?    If someone on the street would flat out ask me that question, then I'd probably mumble something about physicists wanting to be able to use the Lagrangian approach. And to allow a positive rotation and translation invariant energy term, which allows for local propagation, you need something like $-\phi\Delta\phi$.  I assume the answer goes in this direction, but I can't really justify why more complex terms in the Lagrangian are not allowed or why higher orders are a physical problem. Even if these require more initial data, I don't see the a priori problem.  Furthermore you could come up with quantities in the spirit of $F\wedge F$ and $F \wedge *F$ and okay yes... maybe any made up scalar just doesn't describe physics or misses valuable symmetries. On there other hand in the whole renormalization business, they seem to be allowed to use lots and lots of terms in their Lagrangians. And if I understand correctly, supersymmetry theory is basically a method of introducing new Lagrangian densities too.   Do we know the limit for making up these objects? What is the fundamental justification for order two? Evaluating: $\lim\limits_{x\to0}\left(\frac{\sin x}{x}\right)^{{6}/{x^{2}}}$ I am trying to evaluate the following but without result.  $$\lim_{x\to0}\left(\frac{\sin x}{x}\right)^{{6}/{x^{2}}}$$  Can you please give me some hints? I have tried to put log to both sides but it hasn't lead me somewhere... Thanks a lot I'm a citizen of India and I'm travelling to Nepal by air. Is an Aadhaar Card a valid document used for travelling to Nepal by air? Why does QgsSpatialIndex.nearestNeighbor(point, 1) sometimes return 2 lines? Short story where a man discovers he's living in a fake world I may be conflating two separate short science-fiction stories here, so please bear with me. I definitely read this more than 10 years ago and it's likely to be older than that (60's, 70's?)    A man wakes up one day to discover that the world is subtly different. His wife acts strangely and there's a weird "groundhog day" vibe.    He discovers that his house is actually made entirely of painted metal, including things that should be wood (a boat that he made by hand, for example). He comments that in the real world, it's the fact that stuff doesn't work properly that shows you that you're living in reality (a wobbly doorhandle may have been mentioned?) He's constantly beset by advertising; brands of washing powder, political messages, etc. and people keep asking him what he thought about them. At one point, the advertisers start getting very aggressive, literally invading his house to dirty his clothes and driving around with megaphones to shout slurs about their political competitors. He finally breaks out of the town (with the assistance of his secretary?) and they discover that they're...      ...actually robots living in a simulated town used by advertisers to test slogans, etc.   The final twist is that...     ...the town fits onto a desktop and is encased in glass. Even if he could escape, he could never live in the real world since he's very tiny. Python, Unicode, and the Windows console When I try to print a Unicode string in a Windows console, I get an error . UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character .... I assume this is because the Windows console does not accept Unicode-only characters. What's the best way around this? Is there any way I can make Python automatically print a ? instead of failing in this situation? Edit:  I'm using Python 2.5.  Note: @LasseV.Karlsen answer with the checkmark is sort of outdated (from 2008). Please use the solutions/answers/suggestions below with care!!  is more relevant as of today (6 Jan 2016). What kind of construct is 'would that that were all'? There is a place in Bram Stoker’s Dracula where I can’t quite parse the grammar:     8 May. — I began to fear as I wrote in this book that I was getting too   diffuse. But now I am glad that I went into detail from the first, for   there is something so strange about this place and all in it that I cannot   but feel uneasy. I wish I were safe out of it, or that I had never come. It   may be that this strange night existence is telling on me, but would that   that were all!   I understand the meaning of the text in bold (it’s equivalent to if only that was all!), but I don’t understand the grammar being used. What kind of construct is this?