Can `function a() {}` be seen as a shorthand of `a = function a() {}`?
var functionName = function() {} vs function functionName() {}
Bag-of-Words for Text Classification: Why not just use word frequencies instead of TFIDF? A common approach to text classification is to train a classifier off of a 'bag-of-words'. The user takes the text to be classified and counts the frequencies of the words in each object, followed by some sort of trimming to keep the resulting matrix of a manageable size.  Often, I see users construct their feature vector using TFIDF.  In other words, the text frequencies noted above are down-weighted by the frequency of the words in corpus.  I see why TFIDF would be useful for selecting the 'most distinguishing' words of a given document for, say, display to a human analyst.  But in the case of text categorization using standard supervised ML techniques, why bother downweighting by the frequency of documents in the corpus?  Will not the learner itself decide the importance to assign to each word/combination of words?  I'd be grateful for your thoughts on what value the IDF adds, if any. Let $\vec{k}$, $\vec{v}$, and $\vec{u}$ be vectors, where $\vec{u}$ is unknown and $\vec{k}$ and $\vec{v}$ are known vectors. Given:     $\vec{u}\cdot\vec{k}=c$  $\vec{u} \times \vec{k}= \vec{v}$   From this relations, how can i determine the vector $u$? I tried to construct orthogonal coordinate system from $(\vec{k}, \vec{v},\vec{k}\times \vec{v})$ but i couldn't proceed from there. Any idea? $$\overline{z}=z^n$$ where $n\in \mathbb{N}$   So I have started with moving the polar representation as the expression is in the n-th power  $$rcis(-\theta)=r^ncis(n\theta)$$   I can not multiply both sides in $r^{(-n)}$ as $n\in \mathbb{N}$ how should I continue? I am using texlive 2013, and just ran the following command to update the packages.  sudo ./tlmgr update  -all   After it finished, I tried to compile tex documents that uses tikz package as the following MWE shows:   \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{tikz}  \begin{document}       aaaa  \end{document}   Then pdflatex complains; it said:   (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/latex/pgf/utilities/pgfrcs.sty  (/usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/utilities/pgfutil-common.tex  ! I can't find file `pgfutil-common-lists.tex'.  l.556 \input pgfutil-common-lists.tex   The problem is that, pgfutil-common-lists.tex is indeed in the directory:   /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pgf/utilities/   Why is that? pdflatex should be able to find it, right? I even download the  again, and replace the pgf directory in   /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist/tex/generic/   Nothing changed at all........... Any idea? Thank you for your critics.  %=====================================================================  Then followed the comments, I type the following command in the terminal:    sudo mktexlsr gives me command not found;  mktexlsr gives me:  mktexlsr: /usr/local/texlive/2013/../texmf-local: directory not writable.     Skipping...  mktexlsr: /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-config: directory not writable. Skipping...  mktexlsr: /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-dist: directory not writable. Skipping...  mktexlsr: /usr/local/texlive/2013/texmf-var: directory not writable. Skipping... mktexlsr: Done; Forkpsewhich pgfutil-common-lists.tex, nothing pops up. What is the meaning of the term "linear" I'm reading Galois Theory by Steven H. Weintraub (second edition), and finding that I'm at least somewhat short on the prerequisites. However the following proof looks wrong to me - am I misunderstanding something, or is it actually an incorrect proof?  Lemma 2.2.3. Let $F$ be a field and $R$ an integral domain that is a finite-dimensional $F$-vector space. Then $R$ is a field. Proof. We need to show that any nonzero $r \in R$ has an inverse. Consider $\{1, r, r^2, \cdots\}$. This is an infinite set of elements of $R$, and by hypothesis $R$ is finite dimensional as an $F$-vector space, so this set is linearly dependent. Hence $\sum_{i=0}^n{c_i r^i} = 0$ for some $n$ and some $c_i \in F$ not all zero.  It then goes on to show, given the above, that we can derive an inverse for $r$. However, if I consider examples like $r = 2 \in Q[\sqrt{2}]$, $r = \sqrt{2} \in Q[\sqrt{2}]$ or $r = 2 \in Q[X]/{&lt;X^2&gt;}$, the set $\{1, r, r^2, ...\}$ doesn't look linearly dependent to me. I do believe the lemma is true (and might even be able to prove it), but this does not look like a correct proof to me. Am I missing something? [Edit] Well yes, I am. Somehow I had managed to discount the possibility of any $c_i$ being negative, despite repeatedly looking at each fragment of the quoted text in an attempt to find what I might be misunderstanding. My supervisor asked me to find out which distribution represents a particular situation.  I have a VoIP generator that generates calls "uniformly" distributed between callers. This means that the volume per caller distribution is "almost" uniformly distributed between a minimum and maximum. So by running a test with 10000 users and a min value equal to 30 calls per week and a max value equal to 90 calls/week i obtain that not all the users respect this limits: we have some users that generate &lt;30 calls and some other users that generate >90 calls. It is clear that the obtained distribution is not uniform.  The situation is this:    He said that i have to perform a sort of numerical process in order to find some formulas that could define this distribution. Initially, as wrote before,we wanted to obtain a uniform (min,max) distribution (the green area in the figure) but this is not the case as proved with chi-square test.  Moreover the curve in figure is not symmetric, the probability of call generation below 30 call/week and greater that 90 call/week are not identical (it is high for 90calls/week). The variability of the number of generated call increases with the increasing call generation rates.   "Actually implementation of this distribution is nothing but assigning different call rates in a range for users in domain which indicates implementation of several delta functions. As the call rates increases the variability of the generated calls also increases with the average call rate and this leads to the asymmetric behavior of the curve." [cit. from the Voipgenerator documentation]  Someone can help me?I think that now i cannot use Q-Q plot because i don't know which theoretical distribution i have to use in order to compare it with my empirical data.  Sorry if I have stressed with a similar problem a few weeks ago, but initially we thought we could change the implementation, but now we cannot. Hence i have to discover the type of the distribution i obtained and i don't know how can i do this. Can I visit other Schengen countries on a long-term Schengen visa or residency permit? I am sure this question has been asked in some capacity on this site. I am a first year graduate student. I was contracted for a summer program that would have looked very good on my CV about 6 weeks ago.   However, due to the spread of COVID-19 the program was cancelled. Is there any way I can express this on my CV (possibly have an asterisk next to this activity)? If not, how should I explain the situation when applying for positions next year (because, now it is unlikely I will have anything noteworthy to put on my CV for this summer).  Thank you At the end of every day you will be required to write a review.   At the end of each day you will be required to write a review.   Which one of those sentences is better if this action will repeat itself every day for longer period of time, several weeks for example, maybe even months? sObject ' ' type is not supported Hey everyone I've been seeing this a lot lately and am trying to figure out why this error is thrown when querying the SOAP API directly. I've tried several very basic SOQL queries such as  SELECT Body FROM AssetFeed   Only to be met with the sObject type 'AssetFeed' is not supported. error.  The account that I'm currently querying is just a standard user who accepted permission from an app that was created by a Developer Account, so I'm wondering if it might be permissions from the user or permission from the app itself? Possibly because Developer accounts cannot use 95% of whats offered?  The WSDL used is a v27.0 generated Partner WSDL if that helps narrow it down.  I've noticed this in multiple standard objects, so I'm wondering what the trend really is? Seems like a good informational question for future googling of others?  Running describeGlobal()  Array (     [0] =&gt; AggregateResult     [1] =&gt; Attachment     [2] =&gt; ChatterActivity     [3] =&gt; CollaborationGroup     [4] =&gt; CollaborationGroupFeed     [5] =&gt; CollaborationGroupMember     [6] =&gt; CollaborationGroupMemberRequest     [7] =&gt; CollaborationInvitation     [8] =&gt; ContentDocument     [9] =&gt; ContentDocumentFeed     [10] =&gt; ContentDocumentHistory     [11] =&gt; ContentDocumentLink     [12] =&gt; ContentVersion     [13] =&gt; ContentVersionHistory     [14] =&gt; EntitySubscription     [15] =&gt; FeedComment     [16] =&gt; FeedItem     [17] =&gt; FeedLike     [18] =&gt; FeedTrackedChange     [19] =&gt; Group     [20] =&gt; GroupMember     [21] =&gt; HashtagDefinition     [22] =&gt; Name     [23] =&gt; TaskPriority     [24] =&gt; TaskStatus     [25] =&gt; User     [26] =&gt; UserFeed     [27] =&gt; UserPreference     [28] =&gt; UserRecordAccess     [29] =&gt; UserRole )   Where would all the rest of my SOAP SObjects be? This seems like a very thin list compared to the 295 SObjects advertised What is the largest positive $n$ for which $n^3+100$ is divisible by $n+10$  I tried to factorize $n^3+100$, but $100$ is not a perfect cube. I wish it were $1000$. How to force the browser to reload cached CSS and JavaScript files I have noticed that some browsers (in particular, Firefox and ) are very zealous in using cached copies of .css and .js files, even between browser sessions. This leads to a problem when you update one of these files, but the user's browser keeps on using the cached copy. What is the most elegant way of forcing the user's browser to reload the file when it has changed? Ideally, the solution would not force the browser to reload the file on every visit to the page.  I have found  and  suggestion to be useful. It turns out there is a term for this: auto-versioning. I have posted a new answer below which is a combination of my original solution and John's suggestion. Another idea that was suggested by SCdF would be to append a bogus query string to the file. (Some Python code, to automatically use the timestamp as a bogus query string, was .) However, there is some discussion as to whether or not the browser would cache a file with a query string. (Remember, we want the browser to cache the file and use it on future visits. We only want it to fetch the file again when it has changed.) Why sometimes evidence is said to be too complex to compute and other times is negelected cause it is fixed? let's suppose that I cast a Silent image of a wall on an airship. Let's suppose that I don't move it with concentration.  Does the image of the wall move with the airship or it will progressively go far? What happens to Jen when she jumps off the cliff? What happens to Zhang ziyi (Jen) in  when she jumps off the cliff .. she dies? becomes immortal? Just before jumping what does she want Lo to become - a master?  Why does she jump off, guilt? How can I enable "clicklock"? Is there a word for a person who gives out too many extraneous details? understanding the commutator of dihedral group Let  $G=D_{2n}=⟨x,y|x^2=y^n=e,  $ $yx=xy^{n-1}⟩$  I need to find $G'$ [ the commutator of G]  now I understand that $G'$ is the subgroup generated from $ U=xyx^{-1}y^{-1} , $ $ \ \forall x,y \in G$ So, $U=&lt;y^2&gt;$  whats the strategy  here ? It would be nice to update the profile page from within the app.  Perhaps not many people update their profiles more frequently, but when required to do so, I would prefer to do it from the app instead of the mobile browser.