The Lagrangian and inertial reference frames
Do we need inertial frames in Lagrangian mechanics?
Is there ever a reason (aside from Outbound Messages) to use Workflow instead of Process Builder? Specifically a side-by-side comparison of how well each performs for single-condition field updates, for email alerts or for task creation.  This is not a question about differences (that's well documented) but whether there is any advantage to using Workflow at all.  Are there known obstacles that only exist in one but not the other that would help people decide when to use one or the other? Could be aspects like:   Resource Consumption  Time-based Behavior  Edge case options (e.g.selection of recipients for email) Deployment considerations Would particles behave the same way as a satellite orbiting earth, only far more compact and rapid correlating to the gravitational force of the black hole? Variance of a bounded random variable Suppose that a random variable has a lower and an upper bound [0,1]. How to compute the variance of such a variable? Unable to log out of chat. I attempted to log out with the following actions:    This accomplished absolutely nothing since I remained logged in after clicking "log out" on the confirmation page. I then tried logging out of Stack Exchange from one of the network sites and repeated the steps above. The results were the same. I remained logged in no matter which combination of steps I performed.  In fact, the only way I could log out at all was to clear all of the cookies that were set. What does "calculus" mean? "calculus" and "formal system"  From      a calculus is a formal system that consists of          a set of syntactic expressions (well-formed formulæ or wffs),    a distinguished subset of these expressions (axioms), plus    a set of formal rules that define a specific binary relation on the space of expressions.      From      Formal systems in mathematics consist of the following elements:         A finite set of symbols (i.e. the alphabet), that can be used for constructing formulas (i.e. finite strings of symbols).   A grammar, which tells how well-formed formulas (abbreviated wff) are constructed out of the symbols in the alphabet. It is   usually   required that there be a decision procedure for deciding whether a   formula is well formed or not.   A set of axioms or axiom schemata: each axiom must be a wff.   A set of inference rules.      what is the difference between a formal system, and a calculus, then? I think they are the same? "calculus" and "logic system"  "Calculus" appears in "propositional calculus" and "first-order predicate calculus", which are also called "propositional logic" and "first-order logic" respectively. So I thought "calculus" and "logic" mean the same, and "a logic" is, according to ,      A logical system or, for short, logic, is a formal system together with a form of semantics, usually in the form of model-theoretic   interpretation, which assigns truth values to sentences of the   formal language, that is, formulae that contain no free variables.    But then I saw "calculus" also appears in "lambda calculus", which is also a formal system. I think a lambda calculus isn't a logic system, right? What does "calculus" mean in "lambda calculus"? Furthermore  "calculus" can also mean computational real analysis for first-year college students.   Thanks. How to get rid of navigation symbols in beamer? Mount USB drive with write permissions for everyone or specific user I'd really value your thoughts on this one. I'm familiar with the following use of 'made of':  The shirt is made of silk.  But I'd like to know if anyone thinks using this phrasal verb as a synonym for comprise/consist of/be composed of/made up of is actually grammatically correct/non-standard usage.  The board is made of five members. The board is made up of five members.  A few instances of this usage came up on a google search, but I'm not convinced... Are delphi variables initialized with a value by default? Expected value of $|X - Y|$ Let $X \sim U(0, 1)$ and $Y \sim U(0, 2)$ be independent random variables. What's the expected value of $|X - Y|$? I found $f_{X}(x) = 1$ and $f_{Y} = \frac{1}{2}$ so that $f_{XY}(x, y) = \frac{1}{2}$ and $$\mathbb{E}[|x - y|] = \int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{2} \frac{|x - y|}{2} \mathop{dy} \mathop{dx},$$ but how can I compute this quantity? It looks tricky. I know the trick where you split the integral in the one-dimensional case, but I'm having trouble getting it in the two-dimensional case. I just updated my Moto X to latest and greatest Android 4.4 KitKat (I even did full factory reset just to be sure) and now I'm trying to install  but unable to do so, I'm getting following error:     Unknown error code during application install "-24"   Please advise. Group theory proof of existence of a solution to $x^2\equiv -1\pmod p$ iff $p\equiv 1 \pmod 4$ I've read through the elementary proof of why there exists a solution $x$ to $x^2\equiv -1\pmod p$ iff $p\equiv 1 \pmod 4$ for $p$ an odd prime. Is there a group theory generalization for this fact as well? What's in "standard system utilities" in the server install? My googlefu has failed me. What packages are part of the "standard system utilities" that is preselected during install?  TIA! (-: Creating point features with exact coordinates in QGIS In the experiments for photoelectric emission, the light is incident on one face of the emitting plate, for example the anode, when determining the stopping potential. The electrons are emitted by this face of the plate. Why are the electrons emitted in the direction of the incident light, and not opposite to it?  I have read a little about photons (the key words being, a little), and from what i gather, they have an intrinsic momentum $p=h/\lambda$, which is transferred entirely to the particle that absorbs it (along with the energy $h\nu$). This should imply that the electrons try to move further into the cathode, and not escape it! What is the fault in the reasoning?  Thanks! Controlling the value of 'this' in a jQuery event I have created a 'control' using jQuery and used jQuery.extend to assist in making it as OO as possible.  During the initialisation of my control I wire up various click events like so  jQuery('#available input',              this.controlDiv).bind('click', this, this.availableCategoryClick);   Notice that I am pasing 'this' as the data argument in the bind method. I do this so that I can get at data attached to the control instance rather from the element that fires the click event.   This works perfectly, however i suspect there is a better way  Having used Prototype in the past, I remember a bind syntax that allowed you to control what the value of 'this' was in the event.  What is the jQuery way? How do you cite a Github repository? Device not detected in Eclipse when connected with USB cable Genetically modified humans study insectoid alien miners with super-intelligent hive-mind This is a short story that appeared in a collection. Two genetically-modified humans (corporate anthropologists, basically) travel to a planetoid inhabited by an insect race that is mining the planet in order to study the race. While there, they are practically ignored, as the individual members of the race lack consciousness. The humans determine a type of pheromone is used to control the worker caste, and co-opt several members to create a living area. They make plans to put the mining towards human ends, but before that can happen they are discovered. The presence of the artificial pheromones wakes up a hive-mind, super-intelligent bug, who then bargains with the surviving member of the team (the man) after killing and taking over the female member of the team.  The collection was read at some point between 2000-2005. How can I get multiple stacked plots (ybar stacked, stack plots=y) in one diagram, such that there are multiple stacked bars for the same x-coordinate, each slightly shifted? Is there a way to reset pgfplot's zero levels after an \addplot command, such that the next \addplot[xhshift=...] doesn't add something to the current stack, but rather starts a fresh stack?  FWIW, overlaying two plots with scale only axis won't help; I need this to work with groupplot