How to interpret / metric Lasso regression coefficients
Variable importance from GLMNET
I have several big files with some measurements.   It looks this way:  N 12344;PE 9.9999999;... #S 0 0 31 44 75 130 165 196... #S_+ "2 5 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 2...  N 12345;PE 9.9999999;... #S 0 0 34 57 84 133 152... #S_+ "1 0 1 1 2 3 0 0 0...  N 12346;PE 9.9999999;... #S 0 0 31 44 73 140 169... #S_+ "3 3 4 0 0 2 1 2 4...  N 25104;PE 9.9999999;... #S 0 0 36 52 102 108 145... #S_+ "1 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 1...  N 25105;PE 9.9999999;... #S 0 0 32 58 88 130 143...   Sample is here:   The file is much bigger but I replaced part of the data with "..." to make it shorter.  I need to somehow replace the line ends before "#S" - in fact simply merge the "N" line with the following two ones into one line (or with the following three ones so I can get rid of the blank lines). Expect output like this:  N 12344;PE 9.9999999; #S 0 0 31 44 75 130 165 196 #S_+ "2 5 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 2... N 12345;PE 9.9999999; #S 0 0 34 57 84 133 152 #S_+ "1 0 1 1 2 3 0 0 0... N 12346;PE 9.9999999; #S 0 0 31 44 73 140 169 #S_+ "3 3 4 0 0 2 1 2 4... N 25104;PE 9.9999999; #S 0 0 36 52 102 108 145 #S_+ "1 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 1... N 25105;PE 9.9999999; #S 0 0 32 58 88 130 143...   Is this possible to achieve using some command-line utility in linux?   My knowledge is quite limited in this area so I would appreciate any help.  thanks centered logo ok? I'm designing a website for a rather unknown software company. The company likes the design but cannnot get along with our desicion to center their logo on the top of their page, although all the other elements are centered. Therefore a left aligned logo wouldn't look good. I know, it seems all UX studies prove them right, but positioning the logo in the center isn't a unpopular practice anymore.   Furthermore I think the way we read a website has adapted the last 10 years. Are there any studies about this topic that could help prove my point?  Thanks Fiction novel or movie about sentient dinosaurs I remember parts of a story about some researchers finding a society of sentient dinosaurs. I believe they lived underground. From what I recall there were some steam punk elements and I think crystals were important.  From what I recall (this might be wrong) there was a book and also a movie about that story.  In the process, humans lived with these dinosaurs. I am not sure if that was like that from the beginning or if that happened later.  Any idea what that story might be? Is there a way to disable the hotkeys? How are classical optics phenomena explained in QED (Snell's law)? How is the following classical optics phenomenon explained in quantum electrodynamics?   Reflection and Refraction   Are they simply due to photons being absorbed and re-emitted? How do we get to Snell's law, for example, in that case?  Split by request: See the other part of this question . Find Items in one column that are not in another column I have two columns in Excel, and I want to find (preferably highlight) the items that are in column B but not in column A.   What's the quickest way to do this? I have bought return tickets from London to Lille Europe on Eurostar. The trains on my outward and inbound journeys both stop at Calais Frethun.  Will Eurostar let me get on in Calais on the inbound? What about getting off at Calais on the outbound leg? I suspect leaving the train early is easier than getting on the train 'late'. The future of meta.stackoverflow and meta.stackexchange Historically this site, , has been the place to ask questions about not just Stack Overflow, but the functioning of the entire Stack Exchange (2.0) network, including Area 51 and stackexchange.com and careers.  (Yes, there was a , but that dealt with the old legacy Stack Exchange 1.0 sites. It was deprecated a while ago, and currently redirects here.)  Now that we've gotten many, many months under our belt from the SE 1.0 days, I think it's time that we gave Stack Overflow its own, true per-site meta, and moved the higher level network meta discussions to meta.stackexchange.com.  Over time, it's begun to bug me more and more that requests for Stack Overflow, the site, kind of get buried here on meta.stackoverflow under the avalanche of network issues. Retag requests, synonym requests, things truly specific to Stack Overflow, the site, not the network. This is unfair to our vastly largest and flagship Q&amp;A site, and it's unfair to the Stack Overflow users to mix their requests in with network level concerns.  It's also odd that Stack Overflow is the only network site without a proper, dedicated per-site meta, where its meta has its own reputation system not tied to the parent site in any way.  This is mostly a quirk of history more than anything else, and I believe it is now an appropriate time to split into two sites:   , a proper per-site meta for Stack Overflow with integrated rep , a global network meta with its own reputation system   Yes, this will be painful. But I believe it is a good, necessary, and healthy step both for the future of the network and the future of Stack Overflow.  Some things to discuss:   which questions should be migrated from here to meta.so? Obviously site-specific things like the retag-requests, and perhaps questions with the  tag. Anything that is 100% wholly specific to Stack Overflow and not generalizable to the rest of the network should be moved over. This may be a pretty small, narrow list of questions, and that's OK. Should we do some meta spring cleaning in our transition? Which questions / tags should be blown away as no longer relevant, referring to ancient versions of Stack Overflow or issues that have long since ceased to exist and aren't instructive for any future visitors? Your meta reps will generally be unaffected, except insofar as we delete for spring cleaning, or move site-specific things to meta.so. We still plan to have a distinct reputation system for the new meta.se site, just like here.   I do not have a timeline for this change, that is up to Jarrod and David to decide. It may be months away. However, we feel pretty strongly that this is something that we need to do to clean things up and pave the way for the future -- so I expect it will happen in the next few months, giving us lots of time to decide how we want to do it, per the above.  Update  . How can I edit two materials simultaneously? Whenever I open a new shading window, whatever I do in one is just mirrored on the other. If I click a node in one window, the same node and material get selected in the other. I can't edit two shaders at once. How can I edit two shaders simultaneously? execute command on a defined range of directories Is it possible to 'partition' a directory listing - say in to blocks of some number, to perform different actions on each 'range'?  For example, lets say I have the following directories inside another folder:  $ ls test abc/ def/ hij/ klm/ nop/ qrs/ tuv/ wxy/ zzz/   And I want to perform some action on the first 3 directories, another on the second 3, and so on.  My thought was that perhaps a loop across numbers would work, based on the output of something like ls | nl (but before anyone mentions it, I know parsing ls is a no-no!)  This obviously doesn't work, but illustrates my point I hope:  for dir in `ls | nl`;  do     do-something-with ${dir{1..3}} # Where $dir has taken on some numerical value linked to the folder)     do-something-with ${dir{4..6}}  # And so on...     do-something-with ${dir{n-3..n}}  done   The folders I intend to actually do this on, can be worked on in any order (i.e. the final splits can be totally arbitrary), but they have no logical naming consistency - by which I mean they can't be organised sensibly alphabetically or numerically based on any key within the directory name themselves. Non-existence of a bijective analytic function between annulus and punctured disk I have a process I can't kill with kill -9 &lt;pid&gt;. What's the problem in such a case, especially since I am the owner of that process. I thought nothing could evade that kill option. Where is the rest of Yoda's species? We never seem to see any beings of Yoda's species - except, of course, Yoda himself.  This leads us to the question of where the rest of the li'l critt'rs are. Yoda had to have parents, correct? So what happened to them? Was Yoda, put simply, just one of the last of a dying species? Does 'A countable infinite Cartesian product of countable sets is not necessarily countable' violate induction principle? We have two theorems about Cartesian product:   A finite Cartesian product of countable sets is countable; A countable infinite Cartesian product of countable sets is not necessarily countable.   To prove the first theorem, we can show   Firstly, we can prove $A\times B$ is countable,  Secondly, suppose it is true for $n-1$, i.e. $X=A_1\times A_2\times \ldots \times A_{n-1}$ is countable, we prove the case for $n$ by the fact $A_1\times A_2\times \ldots \times A_{n-1}\times A_{n}=X\times A_{n}$ is in fact the product of two countable sets, in above we know it is still countable.   The above method to prove the first theorem is exactly the mathematical induction, which should show the theorem is true for all $n\in\mathbb{Z}_{+}$, so it should works for countable infinite unions.  However, we may use Cantor diagonal method to prove at least $\{0,1\}^w$ is not countable, thus the second theorem is also right. Does this means that the mathematical induction is wrong?    EDIT: After the following discussions, I have the answer:  The key point is that any element $n\in\mathbb{Z}_+$ is always a finite number, thus induction principle only guarantee the theorem is true for any $n\in\mathbb{Z}_+$, i.e. for any finite number.  When discuss a countable infinite union, it is infinite number of unions, this infinite number no more belong to $\mathbb{Z}_+$, thus can not be guaranteed by induction principle. Let $f$ and $g$ be continuous at $ x=a$, with $f(a)<g(a)$. Prove that there exists a neighborhood $I$ of a such that $f(x)<g(x)$ for all $x \in I$. Does a family of a distribution have a different definition for statistics than in other disciplines?  In general, a  is a set of curves, each of which is given by a function or parametrization in which one or more of the parameters is varied. Such families are used, for example, to .  For statistics, a family according to  is the result of varying the shape parameter. How then can we understand that the gamma distribution has a shape and scale parameter and only the generalized gamma distribution has, in addition, a location parameter? Does that make the family the result of varying the location parameter? According to @whuber the meaning of a family is implicitly A "parameterization" of a family is a continuous map from a subset of ℝ$^n$, with its usual topology, into the space of distributions, whose image is that family.  What, in simple language, is a family for statistical distributions?  A question about relations among of the statistical properties of distributions from the same family has already generated considerable controversy for a  so it seems worthwhile to explore the meaning.  That this is not necessarily a simple question is born out by its use in the phrase , which has nothing to do with a family of curves, but is related to changing the form of the PDF of a distribution by reparameterization not only of parameters, but also substitution of functions of independent random variables. Reverse / invert a dictionary mapping I have a Python regular expression that contains a group which can occur zero or many times - but when I retrieve the list of groups afterwards, only the last one is present. Example:  re.search("(\w)*", "abcdefg").groups()  this returns the list ('g',)  I need it to return ('a','b','c','d','e','f','g',)  Is that possible? How can I do it? Currently my bibliography says "Literatur" (german). But I want something completely different there. How can I achieve that? Why was the Triwizard cup portkey in Goblet of Fire two-way? At the end of the scene in the cemetery in GoF, the spirits who emerged from Voldemort's wand tell Harry to go grab the trophy (which, of course, was a portkey that took Harry and Cedric from the maze to the cemetery), and that the trophy portkey would take Harry back to Hogwarts.  Why would the portkey do that?  Are all the portkeys 2-way?  If possible, I would prefer as much of the answer based on canon (or JKR) as feasible