Master in Germany after 3 years bachelor degree
Is it possible to be admitted to a masters in Germany with a 3-year bachelors from another country?
The pigeonhole principle - how to solve questions like that? We have two sequences , $(a_i)_{i=1}^{2n}$ and $(b_i)_{i=1}^{2n}$ such that  $1\leq a_i, b_i\leq n$ for every $i$.  Show that there are two sets of indexes $I, J \subseteq \left \{ 1,2, ... 2n \right \}$ such what $\sum_{i\in I}a_i=\sum_{j\in J}b_j$.  Well, the question didn't say anything about those sets being empty but I believe that's not what they meant. I don't know that to do with questions like these. There are obviously much more subsets that possible sums ($2^{2n}-1$ compared to $2n^2$) but it doesn't really help.  I'd be glad to hear ideas, hints or solutions. table of contents no word separation Is it possible to have in the toc no word separation but have a word separation in the chaptername:  For example:   Contents  1. max Mustermann   Chapter  Max Muster- mann What is the difference between the "jessie" and "jessie-updates" distributions in /etc/apt/sources.list? The  gives this example file:  deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie main  deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie-updates main deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie-updates main  deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main deb-src http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main   What is the difference between the jessie and jessie-updates distribution entries? Changing plurality in parentheses If a set of parentheses lies between a subject and its verb, and the parentheses contain an substitutive subject whose singularity/plurality disagrees with the original subject, whose singularity/plurality should be chosen for the verb?  In other words, in the following example, should "questions" (and its verb "are") be singular, or should they remain plural as shown?     Many (if not every) questions on this StackExchange are answered.   My intuition tells me that the two words in question should remain in plural forms, since the text in parentheses only interrupts the sentence (and the sentence would be grammatically incorrect if everything in parentheses were removed and the words were in singular form).  On the other hand, when read aloud (assuming one reads the text in parentheses), this has an uncomfortable sound to it, and I've seen others write in what would be the above example's singular-form case, so I'm curious to find out which is correct.  And, thinking about it, I suppose the same question would apply when commas are used in place of parentheses. Is Ghost Adventures real or fake? Preview on the right please, optionally? Recovering Crashed Flash drive? So my friend has a USB flash drive that isn't working. I don't know a whole lot about "recovery" software so I figured I'd ask you guys.  What steps can I try (I have access to a Linux machine as well) to see....if I can get ANYTHING off the flash drive?  I've google'd around, but most of the stuff seems for windows. Determining coordinates of a SHP file i have a SHP file of a building converted from a DXF file. This SHP file is unprojected and have no specific coordinates (origin 0,0). I find WGS84 coordinates (lat, long) of this building from Google Maps. My aim is to replace these coordinates to the SHP file on QGIS.  Could you explain the process step by step?  (I read lots of similar questions, about affine transformation. But i don't know the paramaters.)    What i ask is how to make this transformation in QGIS (step by step)?   SHP file coordinates (not projected)  Scale: 1:142.670.713  X1,Y1: 16.70824, 253.74534  X2,Y2: 1.03521,-6.34918  X3,Y3: 244.00248,-7.49189  Target WGS84 coordinates   X1,Y1: 41.047773, 28.896241  X2,Y2: 41.045452, 28.895929   X3,Y3: 41.045436, 28.899039    I need a second vector layer with coordinates. I have just a SHP file of a building converted from a DXF file. That is not projected. I know where this building is, and can find the WGS84 coordinates from Google Maps. My aim is add WGS84 coordinates to this SHP file and export to replace the building on Google Maps.  My Questions are:  1) I think my SHP file has measurements in meters and unprojected. I have WGS84 lat long coordinates from Google Maps. How can i project this SHP file, for being ready to transformation? Right Click -> Set Layer CRS -> Choose WGS84 EPSG: 4326. Is this enough?  2) qgsAffine plugin just need transformation matrix paramaters. But the answer of @Jochen Schwarze is a bit complex for me. Is there a online calculator? (Just give the source XYs and target XYs and calculate the parameters.)    I think, I have a projection problem before affine transformation. I have a DXF file of a building from AutoCAD. I saved this DXF file as a SHP file in QGIS. But this SHP file is converted from a plain DXF file and is not referenced/projected, it is drawn from coordinates 0,0 in AutoCAD in meters. And the drawing has meters, WGS84 has decimal degrees.  When I set Layer CRS as WGS84 in QGIS, the coordinates don't change.  How can I project this SHP file as WGS84 in QGIS? Probability of asymmetric random walk returning to the origin Consider the random walk $S_n$ given by $ S_{n+1} =  \left\{   \begin{array}{l}     S_n+2 &amp; \text{with probability $p$}\\     S_n - 1 &amp; \text{with probability $1-p$}   \end{array} \right. \ $  Assume that $S_0 = n &gt;0 $. What is the probability of eventually reaching the the point $0$?  Seems that the probability for this must be less than one; since it is not symmetric, it is not guaranteed to reach the origin if $p&gt;0.5$. It also seems like the positive starting value not being at the origin matters too, but I'm not sure how to compute the probability of eventually reaching the origin. Where is the icon used in this dialogue box? Where on my disk can I find the icon used in this dialogue box in OS X？    It may be Security.icns in OS X 10.7.3    I cannot find it in:   /System/Library/CoreServices/CoreTypes/Contents/Resources There are only LockedIcon.icns and UnlockedIcon.icns in this folder who looks like the icon in the dialogue box,the size of the icon in the dialogue box is 128x128px, but LockedIcon.icns and UnlockedIcon.icns is 32x32px.   lockedIcon.icns    So they are not the same icon.   /System/Library/CoreServices/Finder.app/Contents/Resources/ /System/Library/CoreServices/Problem Reporter.app/Contents/Resources /Applications/System Preferences.app/Contents/Resources /Applications/Utilities/Keychain Access.app/Contents/Resources /System/Library/CoreServices/Certificate Assistant.app/Contents/Resources/ Why are there scenes that will not render on GPU but will render fine on CPU? I've already tried GPU Rendering and it seem to be twice as fast as the CPU. However I have some situation where tried to render on the GPU, but it doesn't do anything. When I switch to CPU it renders.  I have some fur texture/materials using particle systems. I wonder if that causes the GPU not to render, I'm not really sure. Can a multiclass sorcerer/cleric use the Metamagic class ability with non-sorcerer spells? For example, using Twinned Spell when casting cure wounds to heal two creatures instead of just one? I recently dismissed Dogmeat in favor of Codsworth, and I'm fairly sure I sent him to Sanctuary Hills. However, I've had a fairly detailed look around the place and I haven't found him yet. Does anyone know where he is? It's common in C++ to name member variables with some kind of prefix to denote the fact that they're member variables, rather than local variables or parameters. If you've come from an MFC background, you'll probably use m_foo. I've also seen myFoo occasionally.  C# (or possibly just .NET) seems to recommend using just an underscore, as in _foo. Is this allowed by the C++ standard? Comparing object properties in c# This is what I've come up with as a method on a class inherited by many of my other classes. The idea is that it allows the simple comparison between properties of Objects of the same Type.  Now, this does work - but in the interest of improving the quality of my code I thought I'd throw it out for scrutiny. How can it be better/more efficient/etc.?  /// &lt;summary&gt; /// Compare property values (as strings) /// &lt;/summary&gt; /// &lt;param name="obj"&gt;&lt;/param&gt; /// &lt;returns&gt;&lt;/returns&gt; public bool PropertiesEqual(object comparisonObject) {      Type sourceType = this.GetType();     Type destinationType = comparisonObject.GetType();      if (sourceType == destinationType)     {         PropertyInfo[] sourceProperties = sourceType.GetProperties();         foreach (PropertyInfo pi in sourceProperties)         {             if ((sourceType.GetProperty(pi.Name).GetValue(this, null) == null &amp;&amp; destinationType.GetProperty(pi.Name).GetValue(comparisonObject, null) == null))             {                 // if both are null, don't try to compare  (throws exception)             }             else if (!(sourceType.GetProperty(pi.Name).GetValue(this, null).ToString() == destinationType.GetProperty(pi.Name).GetValue(comparisonObject, null).ToString()))             {                 // only need one property to be different to fail Equals.                 return false;             }         }     }     else     {         throw new ArgumentException("Comparison object must be of the same type.","comparisonObject");     }      return true; } Cards changing mana color What cards across all sets allow the utilization of mana, either colorless or otherwise, as colored mana of another color?  One early example with an unlimited  1:1 ratio:     Sunglasses of Urza   Continuous Artifact: White mana in your mana pool can also be used as red mana.   What other cards have similar abilities? Writing in bash while it is working When you are performing time consuming operations in bash like installing new software, is it possible to write text that will appear at the prompt when the operation has finished.  E.g   Imagine running:  apt-get install eclipse-platform   Then it will use quite a while to finish while you see the installation log, meanwhile I want to create new folders (workspaces) which Eclipse later will use.  Is this possible without opening a new terminal (or tab)? I want to make an animation in time to a song so when I hit play on the timeline I need to be able to hear the song so I can finely tune the animations to start and end at the right time.  Is it possible to have sound play on an animation while it is playing in the 3d viewport before it has been rendered. Is there any way to get the windows cmd shell to expand wildcard paths? Occasionally, the cmd shell's inability to expand wildcard paths can really be an inconvenience. I had to pass 100 files in a directory to a program, and couldn't type *.ext. Instead, I used mingw's 'ls' to dump the list to a file, then replaced newlines with spaces, copied and pasted into cmd. Quite a nightmare.  I suspect the answer will be no, but has anyone dealt with this or come up with any way to make this easier? How to get the keyboard to input Japanese?