Hard time interpreting r output, p value confusion?
What does the notation like 8.6e-28 mean? What is the 'e' for?
What is "cloning a hard drive" and how does one go about doing it? What does cloning a hard drive mean? Is it just simply copying over all the "CONTENT" of the hard drive EXCLUDING the operating system, drivers, all the installed programs? or is it copying the ENTIRE hard drive BIT for BIT? Is the cloned hard drive bootable?  I have an external USB hard drive and trying to make a exact copy of my computer system by cloning, so that I can connect the cloned hard drive to another machine and boot into it, or install the cloned disk on another computer system and boot into it. Is this possible? Or am I going about this totally wrong?  What is ghosting a hard drive? The glorified global variable - becomes a gloried global class. Some say breaking object-oriented design.  Give me scenarios, other than the good old logger where it makes sense to use the singleton. How to show that $7\mid a^2+b^2$ implies $7\mid a$ and $7\mid b$? For my proof I distinguished the two possible cases which derive from $7 \mid a^2+b^2$:   Case one: $7\mid a^2$ and $7 \mid b^2$ Case two (which (I think) is not possible): $7$ does not divide $a^2$ and $7$ does not divide $b^2$, but their sum.  I've shown that case $1$ implies $7\mid a$ and $7\mid b$, so I just have show that case 2 isn't possible - I'll be happy for any input.  MfG, Karl Record a macro of windows commands today I installed Ubuntu 64-bit on a netbook. When the netbook boots this, error report appeared. I think there is a problem with the partitions.  Gave up waiting for root device. Common problems:   — Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline)     — Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?)     — Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?)   — Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev) ALERT! /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root does not exist. Dropping to a shell!   BusyBox v.1.21.1 (Ubuntu 1:1.21.1-1ubuntu1) built-in shell (ash)    Enter 'help' for list of built-in commands.    (initramfs)   Output of lsblk as requested:  $ lsblk NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda      8:0    0 232.9G  0 disk  ├─sda1   8:1    0   231G  0 part  ├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part  └─sda5   8:5    0     2G  0 part [SWAP] sr0     11:0    1   1.2G  0 rom  /cdrom loop0    7:0    0   1.1G  1 loop /rofs To show that either $R$ is a field or $R$ is a finite ring with prime number of elements and $ab = 0$ for all $a,b \in R$. What is the difference between metonymy and synecdoche? disable comments if array exists This is the code which is registering the function for rewrite_endpoints():   function wpa121567_rewrite_endpoints(){  add_rewrite_endpoint( 'comments', EP_PERMALINK );  add_rewrite_endpoint( 'stats', EP_PERMALINK );  }  add_action( 'init', 'wpa121567_rewrite_endpoints' );   NOTE  I don't know if this matters but I will write it.   I have single-CPT.php which is calling  /inc/post-format/single-CPT.php like this:      &lt;?php while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?&gt;  &lt;?php   get_template_part( 'inc/post-format/single-debate');      ...   This is the code which is checking if array key exists, which is  inside my /inc/post-format/single-cpt.php:   ?php if( array_key_exists( 'comments', $wp_query-&gt;query_vars ) ){  the_field('comments_section');   } elseif( array_key_exists( 'stats', $wp_query-&gt;query_vars ) ) {   the_field('stats_section');   } else { // the request is for the main post  }   ?&gt;   This is my comments.php :       &lt;div id="comments" class="comments-area"&gt; &lt;?php // If CPT and not logged in, display a message: if ( 'debate' == get_post_type() &amp;&amp; ! is_user_logged_in() ) { echo '&lt;p class="must-log-in" style="padding-left:20px; font-size:20px;"&gt;You must be logged in to post a comment.' . '&lt;/p&gt;';  echo do_shortcode("[upme_login]");   } ?&gt;     &lt;?php if ( have_comments() ) : ?&gt;         &lt;h3 class="comments-title"&gt;              &lt;?php                 printf( _n('%d comment', '%d comments', get_comments_number(), 'outbox' ),                     number_format_i18n( get_comments_number() ) );             ?&gt;         &lt;/h3&gt;             &lt;ol class="commentlist"&gt;              &lt;?php                 wp_list_comments( array( 'callback' =&gt; 'outbox_comment' ) );             ?&gt;         &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;!-- .commentlist --&gt;          &lt;?php if ( get_comment_pages_count() &gt; 1 &amp;&amp; get_option( 'page_comments' ) ) : // are there comments to navigate through? If so, show navigation ?&gt;         &lt;nav role="navigation" id="comment-nav-below" class="site-navigation comment-navigation clearfix"&gt;             &lt;div class="nav-previous"&gt;&lt;i class="icon-left-open-1"&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;?php echo get_previous_comments_link( __( 'Older Comments', 'outbox' ) ); ?&gt;&lt;/div&gt;             &lt;div class="nav-next"&gt;&lt;?php echo get_next_comments_link( __( 'Newer Comments', 'outbox' ) ); ?&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i class="icon-right-open-1"&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/nav&gt;&lt;!-- #comment-nav-below .site-navigation .comment-navigation --&gt;         &lt;?php endif; ?&gt;      &lt;?php endif; // have_comments() ?&gt;      &lt;?php         // If comments are closed and there are comments, let's leave a little note, shall we?         if ( ! comments_open() &amp;&amp; '0' != get_comments_number() &amp;&amp; post_type_supports( get_post_type(), 'comments' ) ) :     ?&gt;         &lt;p class="nocomments"&gt;&lt;?php _e( 'Comments are closed.', 'outbox' ); ?&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;?php endif; ?&gt;     &lt;?php  // Don't output the comment form if CPT and user isn't logged in if ( 'debate' != get_post_type() || is_user_logged_in() ) {  comment_form(); }  ?&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- #comments .comments-area --&gt; &lt;?php } ?&gt;    This is how the comments template is included  inside my single-CPT.php :  if ( comments_open()  )  comments_template( '', true );   I want to disable comments if if( array_key_exists( 'comments', $wp_query-&gt;query_vars ) ){  How can I do this? Photo Map tip in QGIS 3 on windows Modules over commutative rings I'm trying to get my head around modules, and there's a problem that's bothering me regarding scalar multiplication from the left vs from the right.  In many books/articles I've read, the author may refer to a left $R$-module $M$, and then continue to talk of terms such as $xr$, where $x\in M$, $r\in R$. What is right scalar multiplication in a left module? Does it even make sense to talk about it?  I've been trying to show that over a commutative ring, right scalar multiplication and left scalar multiplication are the same thing, but I've not managed it so far. I've googled it to no avail, and I can't see why the distinction between left and right modules disappears when the base ring is commutative.  Thanks for any replies! Does the Great Old One warlock's telepathy from the Awakened Mind feature take an action? Does the Great Old One warlock's telepathy from the Awakened Mind feature take an action?  It doesn't seem too clear to our group and we have basically ruled it as equivalent to talking. Formal basis for variable substitution in limits So we do a lot of variable substitution in limits at school. Stuff like $\lim\limits_{x\to5}\ (x+1)^2\ =\ \lim\limits_{y\to6}\ y^2$, where we define the substitution $y = x + 1$.  But I've never been clear on what exactly the theoretical basis for this is. What is the formula that you're actually applying when you do variable substitution? What are the formal conditions under which it is possible?  My conjecture would be the following:  For all continuous $f$, and all real $a$: $\lim\limits_{x\to a}\ (f\circ g)(x)\ =\lim\limits_{x\to g(a)}\ f(x)$, where $g$ is a continuous function  So to take my first example, $f$ would be $x^2$, $g$ would be $x + 1$, and $a$ would be $5$.  Am I in the right area? If this is correct, can it be proven using $\epsilon$-$\delta$? I had a half-hearted shot at it the other night and didn't get anywhere. Young boy living on Mars discovers that his parents are robots When I run the following query in query editor I get this error.  Error     Unknown error parsing query   Query  SELECT Id, OwnerId,Account.OwnerId FROM Contact where OwnerId = Account.OwnerId limit 100   Does anybody know what the problem is? Drive shape key based on relative camera orientation? How to prove $(-3) \times (-4) = 12$? How to logically understand the multiplication of two integers ?  Eg:  3 x 4 = 12 (is understandable)  -3 x4 = -12 (is also somewhat understandable)  But , 3 x -4 = -12 (is NOT understandable)  -3 x -4 = 12 (is also NOT understandable)  Now , at this we must assume that commutative property may not be true .  What is the logical explanation for something being multiplied negative times ? Is it possible to install Ubuntu on my Windows 8 computer without any CD or USB drive? Please read entire post CAREFULLY before answering.  This question will make you confused if you don't.  Information (May skip :P)   OS : Windows NT 6.2 (Windows 8 K) Equipped hard disk   Total 1TB, 1 disk C: (Simple Layout, NTFS, Boot, Pagefile, Crash dump, Main): total 488,039,776,256 bytes, used 93,473,599,488 bytes D: (Simple Layout, NTFS, Main): total 486,859,075,584 bytes, used 8,426,016,768 bytes hidden: Ask if needed  Brand(manufacturer): Samsung Electronics Processor(CPU): Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3230M CPU @ 2.60GHz RAM: 8GB , 64-bit , OS 64-bit   Question (READ THEM ALL VERY CAREFULLY)   Is there any way to install Ubuntu on this computer without any external disk (CD, USB drive, etc) Note : This computer is 64-bit, so  did not help me. WUBI does not support UEFI, and This computer uses it. No Virtual PC programs like VirtualBox or VMWare, because it takes memory.   EDIT : I already found a USB drive in my home, so now it is installed on my computer xD How is Angular Momentum Conserved when Mass is Released? I am not a physicist (math/comp-sci) but I understand that Angular Momentum is supposed to be conserved.  I find this confusing because there seems to be many simple, common cases where a restrained, revolving body, when released seems to lose it's angular momentum.  For example, let's say that a hammer thrower is revolving a 10kg hammer around herself at a 1 meter distance from their combined center of mass every second.  Taking the hammer as a point-mass, then before release, the hammer and the thrower each have an angular momentum of      $l\omega = (mr^2)*(2\Pi) = (10*1*1)*(2*3.14..) =~ 62.8 kg\text{-}m^2/s$   Now, after the hammer is released, the thrower still has her same angular momentum (also 62.8), but the hammer no longer seems to have any.  Yes, I know that the hammer is still rotating (spinning) as it did when it was revolving around the thrower, so that angular momentum seems to be conserved, but the angular momentum from revolution (orbiting) seems to be gone.  AFAIK, it's not transferred to it's spin angular momentum (observation seems to bear this out).  Nor is it transferred to the thrower.  Besides having no mechanism for this (she let go of it), if it did, we would have noticed hammer throwers being knocked over by having their angular momentum suddenly doubled.  So where does it go?  Or is it not actually conserved in this case? Product of two random variables that has exponential distribution Modify all bash commands through a program before executing them I am trying to create a program which require such feature. The flow will be like:   User enter a bash command User hit the enter My script will get command, current directory,.. as variables. Program can optionally modify the command. Modified command will get executed normally.   Is there any way to do this?  Note: I need this for my personal use, I am not going to distribute this program.