How to change specific values in a List
Replace values which obey certain criteria
Upgrading straight handlebars to drop handlebars I have a two-and-a-half year old  (with a road-bike-like frame and thin tires; it's somewhere in the loosely-defined "hybrid" range) that I use to commute to work, twenty-five miles round-trip, once or twice a week. The bike has straight handlebars, and having gotten used to the idea of commuting via bike, I'm interested in upgrading to drop handlebars. It looks like I'd need new break/shift levers to go with the handlebars; the whole upgrade looks like it'd run a couple hundred dollars. This is a sizable fraction of the original cost of the bike, which leads me to wonder if I'm better off saving my money for a new bike that's a little better adapted to my use.  Is upgrading my bike's handlebars a reasonable investment? I just finished a test as part of a job interview, and one question stumped me, even using Google for reference. I'd like to see what the StackOverflow crew can do with it:  The memset_16aligned function requires a 16-byte aligned pointer passed to it, or it will crash. a) How would you allocate 1024 bytes of memory, and align it to a 16 byte boundary? b) Free the memory after the memset_16aligned has executed.  {        void *mem;    void *ptr;     // answer a) here     memset_16aligned(ptr, 0, 1024);     // answer b) here     } If you cast Blindness/Deafness as a 3rd level spell, can you target one creature with both effects? Safety of installing Ubuntu alongside Windows Is it really safe to choose the "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows" option from the Ubuntu installation program?  I never used that option, instead I used other tools such as partition magic or windows 7's disk tool to resize my partitions.  Since I'm going to install Ubuntu across a lot windows (XP, Vista and 7) machines. It would not be nice to damage those Windows partitions.  What is your experience? Can I use this feature without concerns? Looking at   13.04 will reach EOL in January 2014, while 12.10 will reach EOL in April 2014, therefore if a 12.10 user hasn't upgraded to 13.04 and subsequently to 13.10, there will be a 3 month period where a 12.10 user has a supported version of Ubuntu, but will be unable to upgrade.  I asked this question a number of months ago and the suggestion was that the hope was that there would be an upgrade path from 12.10 to 14.04.  Could somebody confirm whether this is still the case, or if not what the plans are for 12.10 users after 13.04 becomes EOL.  Edited for clarification  The particular issue I was concerned about is that once 13.04 goes EOL, a 12.10 user would in theory lose the ability to upgrade once the 13.04 repo's are removed from the normal release repository.  Using the old releases method would be a way around the issue, however would make it more complicated for a less experienced user.  An alternative could be for the 13.04 repo's to be left available for the 3 month interim period so that a 12.10 version could still be upgraded to 13.04 and subsequently onto 13.10, however that doesn't seem an optimal solution in that users may consider that it meant that support for 13.04 was being continued.  If a direct upgrade from 12.10 to 14.04 was to made available, this would only be available once 14.04 was released and still leaves the issue of the 3 months between January and April 2014 were there may be some confusion.  I suspect that its not going to affect a significant number of users, if somebody has upgraded from 12.04LTS to 12.10, in all probability, they'll have continued to upgrade to 13.04 and upwards because they'd made the choice to use current rather than LTS releases.  It would just be useful to have some clarification of the situation which people can be referred to in advance of 13.04 going EOL rather than hitting the cut off point and it being too late for users to make the decision and being left in limbo. When are Opportunity Attacks provoked while holding a reach and a non-reach weapon? Assume I wield a Whip in one hand and a dagger in the other.  If a creature moves from 5ft to 10ft it has technically moved out of my reach (dagger), but at the same time it is still inside my reach (whip). When does it provoke opportunity attacks from me?  I am fully aware that this would not enable me to make off-hand attacks since the whip is not a light weapon, just to cut that issue out of the question. Can I make any injective function bijective by patching the codomain? How do I detect a click outside an element? I have some HTML menus, which I show completely when a user clicks on the head of these menus. I would like to hide these elements when the user clicks outside the menus' area.  Is something like this possible with jQuery?  $("#menuscontainer").clickOutsideThisElement(function() {     // Hide the menus }); I want to output two different views (one as a string that will be sent as an email), and the other the page displayed to a user.  Is this possible in ASP.NET MVC beta?  I've tried multiple examples:  1.      If I use this example, I receive the "Cannot redirect after HTTP   headers have been sent.".   2.      If I use this, I seem to be unable to do a redirectToAction, as it   tries to render a view that may not exist. If I do return the view, it   is completely messed up and doesn't look right at all.   Does anyone have any ideas/solutions to these issues i have, or have any suggestions for better ones?  Many thanks!  Below is an example. What I'm trying to do is create the GetViewForEmail method:  public ActionResult OrderResult(string ref) {     //Get the order     Order order = OrderService.GetOrder(ref);      //The email helper would do the meat and veg by getting the view as a string     //Pass the control name (OrderResultEmail) and the model (order)     string emailView = GetViewForEmail("OrderResultEmail", order);      //Email the order out     EmailHelper(order, emailView);     return View("OrderResult", order); }   Accepted answer from Tim Scott (changed and formatted a little by me):  public virtual string RenderViewToString(     ControllerContext controllerContext,     string viewPath,     string masterPath,     ViewDataDictionary viewData,     TempDataDictionary tempData) {     Stream filter = null;     ViewPage viewPage = new ViewPage();      //Right, create our view     viewPage.ViewContext = new ViewContext(controllerContext, new WebFormView(viewPath, masterPath), viewData, tempData);      //Get the response context, flush it and get the response filter.     var response = viewPage.ViewContext.HttpContext.Response;     response.Flush();     var oldFilter = response.Filter;      try     {         //Put a new filter into the response         filter = new MemoryStream();         response.Filter = filter;          //Now render the view into the memorystream and flush the response         viewPage.ViewContext.View.Render(viewPage.ViewContext, viewPage.ViewContext.HttpContext.Response.Output);         response.Flush();          //Now read the rendered view.         filter.Position = 0;         var reader = new StreamReader(filter, response.ContentEncoding);         return reader.ReadToEnd();     }     finally     {         //Clean up.         if (filter != null)         {             filter.Dispose();         }          //Now replace the response filter         response.Filter = oldFilter;     } }   Example usage  Assuming a call from the controller to get the order confirmation email, passing the Site.Master location.  string myString = RenderViewToString(this.ControllerContext, "~/Views/Order/OrderResultEmail.aspx", "~/Views/Shared/Site.Master", this.ViewData, this.TempData); How do I set the proper exposure for nighttime moon photos? All my attempts to get a good shot of the full moon with my DSLR result in an overexposed circle on a black background.  I've tried using a tripod, remote shutter release, low ISO, and long exposure, but nothing has worked so far.  What combination of ISO and exposure time that will produce good results?   I particularly want to catch a full moon with the reddish effect when it is close to the horizon. In Salesforce Marketing Cloud (SFMC), I want to unsubscribe a contact from a single publication list by using a form on a landing page.  I also want to create an Unsub event in SFMC when they submit the form.  There is some sample code from SFMC Help documents  that seems to do that for external sites. Will it work in a SFMC hosted landing page? Do I need to edit the code much? How to estimate camera sensor size? I am using a smartphone for capturing photos and I need to estimate the camera sensor size (mm*mm). I have the resolution (in pixels) and the focal length (in pixels). I can also measure the size of any stationary object and its distance w.r.t the lens. Basically, I don't have a pixel-to-mm metric for any of the above parameters that I can use. Is there any way I can calculate that to estimate sensor size? I recently found out that the expectation of a random variable $X$ in a probability space $(\Omega, \mathcal F,  \mathbb P)$, $\mathbb E(X)$, is just the term used in probability theory for the measure of the function $X$; i.e.:  $$ \mathbb E(X)=\mathbb P(X) $$  or, for a real-valued random variable $X:\Omega\to\mathbb R$:  $$ \mathbb E(X)=\int_\Omega X(x)\mathbb P(dx) $$  The thing is, I am also familiar with the definition of the expectation of a random variable $X:\Omega\to\mathbb R$ with probability distribution function $f$ to be:  $$ \mathbb E (X)=\int_\mathbb R xf(x)dx $$  Here, the integral is with respect to the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb R$.    We can define the function $f$ in the following way: we have $F(x)=\int_\mathbb R f(x)dx$, where $F(x)=\mathbb P(X^{-1}((-\infty,x]))$.    I can't see any way to show that these two definitions are equal to one another.  The only transformation between integrals with respect to different measures that I know is that $\mu(f^{-1}(g))=\mu(g\circ f)$, which gives that $\mathbb E(g)=\mu_X(g)$, where $\mu_X$ is the image measure $\mathbb P\circ X^{-1}$, but that doesn't seem to help.  Why can we write $\mathbb E(X)=\int_\mathbb R xf(x)dx$?  Why are these two definitions consistent? Theme Image Style for image located in module directory What is the difference between new/delete and malloc/free? Is my logic straight? Logistic regressions in R What is the correct name to use with /give for Lapis Lazuli? In Minecraft, when cheats are enabled you can give yourself items using the command /give [user] [item] [count], e.g. /give user45623 dirt 32. What is the item name to use for Lapis Lazuli? I've tried lapis_lazuli, lapis, lazuli, dye4, and dye_4, but it's none of those. How can I decide between the medium sized intuos tablet or the small one? I am a high school student with an interest for drawing tablets for some hobby. I went to check on a store that sell Intuos, a sales representative (or something) of Wacom told me that most students buy the medium sized tablets. Even the staff said that since it is always bought the supplies of the medium size are a lot more than the small size.  I am on a tight budget (which is why I am buying the Intuos), and the small size seems small to me (when my hands are open, my thumb and my pinky would reach the sides). But then, why would Wacom sell the Manga variant in small? Is the staff just saying that so I would buy the more expensive one?  I have enough savings from my small allowance to buy the small size right now, should I wait for another month so that I can buy the medium size? Please tutor the usage of patchcmd and xpatch I understand that the  package provides a command \patchcommand that can be used to add material at the beginning and/or end of the replacement text of an existing macro. It works for macros with any number of normal arguments but has limitations for macros with optional arguments.   was introduced to take care of the above limitations as well as provide some additional functionality.   Now, when I try to comprehend the usage of the above packages by reading the user documentations (, ), I get the feeling that they move to implementation details a little too quickly compared to other package documentations. There are not enough explanations or examples.  I also tried to grasp the concepts by reading the  and more or less understood whatever is presented there. However, that is not enough.  So, do you think we can ask for a complete tutorial on the usage of patchcmd and xpatch? Explaining the usage of the relevant commands like \patchcmd, \pretocmd and \apptocmd as well as, \xpatchcmd, \xpretocmd and \xapptocmd with sufficient examples should suffice. Execute PowerShell Script from C# with Commandline Arguments I need to execute a PowerShell script from within C#. The script needs commandline arguments.  This is what I have done so far:  RunspaceConfiguration runspaceConfiguration = RunspaceConfiguration.Create();  Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(runspaceConfiguration); runspace.Open();  RunspaceInvoke scriptInvoker = new RunspaceInvoke(runspace);  Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); pipeline.Commands.Add(scriptFile);  // Execute PowerShell script results = pipeline.Invoke();   scriptFile contains something like "C:\Program Files\MyProgram\Whatever.ps1".   The script uses a commandline argument such as "-key Value" whereas Value can be something like a path that also might contain spaces.  I don't get this to work. Does anyone know how to pass commandline arguments to a PowerShell script from within C# and make sure that spaces are no problem?