Short story about one side building better weapons for a space battle
Process management and high technology weapon. Novel name and author?
Can \includegraphics be used to change an image color? I'm including a number of PDF images in my document using \includegraphics.  I'm wondering if there's a way for LaTeX to adjust their color profile, hopefully the same way it can flip images upside down, resize, and crop, as here:   Let me detail a little more my desired outcome, in case there's another way to achieve this: The images are brightly colored---I'd like to reduce color levels, or possibly render them grayscale, and I'd prefer to not have to do external pre-processing, if this is possible.  I'm using XeTeX. In university last semester I was asked to prove that $\sin1$ (1 radian that is) is irrational,  and ended up simply using the Taylor Series Expansion. This method provides a very quick solution, but I am curious as to whether anyone has a method for proving this without making use of the Taylor Series Expansion. I feel as though doing so must be possible using some number theory, but am low on ideas as to an alternative approach to the question.  Note:  If anyone is interested in my solution using Taylor Series Expansion (although it is not the focus of my question), here it is :      From    $$ \sin x = x - \frac{x^3}{3!} + \frac{x^5}{5!} -  \dots$$   We see that    $$ \alpha = \sin 1 = 1 - \frac{1^3}{3!} + \frac{1^5}{5!} -  \dots $$   Given integers $a$ and $b$, if $\alpha = \frac{a}{b}$ then it follows that $b!\alpha \in \mathbb{Z}$, and $b!\alpha = C + D$ where $C \in \mathbb{Z}$ and we have :   $$ D = \begin{cases} \pm(\frac{1}{b+1} - \frac{1}{(b+1)(b+2)(b+3)} + \dots) \text{    if $b$ is even}\\ \pm(\frac{1}{(b+1)(b+2)} - \frac{1}{(b+1)\dots(b+4)} + \dots ) \text{ if $b$ is odd}\\ \end{cases} $$   In each case we can see that $0 &lt; D &lt; 1$, giving us a contradiction.    Thus, we have that $\sin 1 $ is irrational.    $$ \blacksquare $$ If I said, &quot;I will run, not if it is snowing, if I my shoes are comfortable.&quot; Does the &quot;if my shoes are comfortable&quot; modify the &quot;I will run&quot; clause? I agree the sentence would be clearer with the addition of &quot;and&quot; in place of the comma. However, without the &quot;and&quot; is it still clear that the &quot;if my shoes are comfortable&quot; clause modifies the &quot;I will run&quot; clause? Why do we age? or Do we have a theory of senescence? There seem to be a number of ideas about why we age. Hypotheses include the gradual accumulation of cell metabolic products affecting organism function and the reduction of  during cell division. My hand-wavey idea would be "wear and tear".  Are we anywhere near a consensus theory of senescence? How to add Windows to GRUB I have my encrypted Archlinux installed on my SSD. Now I have one HDD with Windows installed. But in my GRUB just Archlinux is shown (no Wonder, because I just installed Windows on the other HDD, GRUB doesn't know of that by now.).  My Question is, how do I properly add my Windows-HDD to GRUB, so that I can choose which to boot when starting?  I am a little bit afraid of destroying my GRUB so I can't boot my encrypted Archlinux anymore.  Thanks! What does 5' and 3' mean in DNA and RNA strands? What are 5' and 3' in DNA and RNA strands? Please clarify with some images and please use simple English. Was Thanos really committed or just a hypocrite? The title is extremely vague, because this question contains HEAVY spoilers for Avengers: Infinity War, specifically the very last scenes of the movie. I can't reasonably put the entire question in spoiler tags, so consider this your warning.  At the end of the movie, Thanos pretty much wins. He gets all the Infinity Stones, Gamora and Vision have been brutally murdered, and the rest of the cast completely beaten. Nobody could stop him. So he executes his plan.  As far as I know (unless I missed something), his plan is to eradicate exactly half of all mortals in the universe, and from his own words, in a fair lottery (random chance), without taking into account a person's wealth, social status, or anything else. Pure chance decides whether you are sacrified for the greater good or live through this greater good (according to him).  During the movie, Thanos and one of his underling (Ebony Maw) say themselves that being sacrified is an honor and should be appreciated. As you would expect, most people do not appreciate being sacrified.  At the end of the movie, Thanos uses all 6 stones to do a finger snap, deleting half the universe.  The question is: Did he exclude himself from the targets? Was there a 50% chance that Thanos himself would disappear right there?  As far as I know, this is not explicitly answered in the movie itself. I am looking for similar situations in the comics (or in the movie if I happened to miss something) where you could know, or have an educated guess, as to Thanos being the kind of person who follows through to the end, even if it means dying, or the kind of person who gets scared of death when it comes down to it, and comes off as an hypocrite.  Some people also mentioned his "deal" with Strange would make him spare Tony from the snap too. I'm also wondering about that, if there is a link between the two, but it's not the focus of the question.  The reason I'm wondering is that Thanos seems to me like a very extreme utilitarist. Even though he might be wrong about the value of his plan (Do the remaining half really become happy?), in-universe it seemed successful at least once (Gamora's home planet), so his reasoning is not bad, even if the premise might be horribly flawed. Excluding himself from the snap would make it into a straight villain, while considering himself equal to the rest would make him into a wannabe hero with very very evil methods. This makes a huge difference in the interpretation of the movie and his character. WMI object to get current sessions with client name? Can someone tell me what is wrong with this loop?    The error that I have is on the line 107 (first line of the loop). It says:      [V2016057174800: command not found.    I am trying to associate two the same filename from two different documents (if that makes sense). I understand test -n &lt;expression&gt; to return false if the expression evaluates to a string length of greater than 0.  Why then does the following happen?  Macbook:~ echo ${#undeclared_variable} 0 Macbook:~ test -n $undeclared_variable &amp;&amp; echo Foo Foo   Bash 4.x  My expectation is that since test -n $undeclared_variable should evaluate false, that Foo should not be echoed.  If I use [[  ]] instead of test, it works as expected. Auto generate an Index Is there any way to auto-gererate an index for the makeidx package? I've written ~270 pages and didn't think of adding \index{} everywhere.  Do I really need to go over everything and add \index{}? Unwanted comma between author and year using citet command I've been using the biblatex package for a while, and since updating my TeX installation (post-el capitan upgrade) I have been experiencing the following.   If the following is typed:  Such and such has been said \citep[111]{citekey}.   The following text is displayed:  Such and such has been said (Author, 2016, p. 111).   And if the following is typed:  \citet[111]{citekey} has said such and such.   The following text is displayed:  Author, (2016, p. 111) has said such and such.   The citep command is working as I want it to, but I do not want a comma placed after the author's name when using the citet command. I would like it to display as follows:  Author (2016, p. 111) has said such and such.    If I use the \citeyearpar command, it is fine, but I would rather not have to type the author's name in manually.   Here is the command placed in the preamble:  \usepackage[backend=bibtex, style=authoryear-icomp, url=true, isbn=false, natbib=true, sortcites=true, block=space, pagetracker=false, loccittracker=constrict]{biblatex}   Here is an example of an entry in my bib file (made using BibDesk):  @article{poldrack2006, Author = {Poldrack, Russell}, Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, Number = {2}, Pages = {59--63}, Title = {{Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data?}}, Volume = {10}, Year = {2006}}   I have also tried changing the entry to the following:  @article{poldrack2006, Author = {Russell Poldrack}, Journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences}, Number = {2}, Pages = {59--63}, Title = {{Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data?}}, Volume = {10}, Year = {2006}}   The bibliography entry appears as follows, and is fine:  Poldrack, Russell (2006). “Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data?” In: Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10.2, pp. 59–63.  Thank you for any help that can be offered. #!/bin/bash echo "$(curl -s -I https://google.com|grep Server)" abc   returns:  abcer: gws   and bash -x shows:    ++ grep Server ++ curl -s -I https://google.com ' abco 'Server: gws  abcer: gws   but    echo abc "$(curl -s -I https://google.com|grep Server)"`    returns  abc Server: gws   In other words, if I add text AFTER the curl command, it gets mangled, but it's ok if I add it before curl. What is happening? I cannot figure it out. What recourse do I have if I believe a moderator has abused their privileges? One or more of the following things happened to me on a Stack Exchange site:   My post(s) were wrongly deleted or locked by a moderator A moderator posted a wrong comment on one of my posts I was suspended, but did not do anything wrong I asked a meta question, but the question was closed and/or deleted A moderator discredited me in public ...   I think a moderator has abused their power, but I feel powerless against them.  What recourse do I have now? What can I do when I feel that a moderator has abused their power, and has been repeatedly unfair in their dealings with me? "a ten years old boy" or "a ten year old boy" 1) a ten years old boy is sitting on the couch.      2) a ten year old boy is sitting on the couch.      3) a ten-years old boy is sitting on the couch.      4) a ten-year old boy is sitting on the couch.   Which is correct? How do I suppress the "New release '12.10' available" message? When I ssh into my  box, I get this message:  Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-32-generic x86_64)   * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/  New release '12.10' available. Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.  Last login: &lt;redacted&gt; $   But I don't intend to upgrade to 12.10, because Mythbuntu recommends using LTS releases only.  How do I suppress the "New release '12.10' available" message?  I don't want to be notified until the next LTS release is available.  I've already gone to Update Manager > Settings > Updates and selected "Notify me of a new Ubuntu version: For long-term support versions", but that didn't get rid of this message. Does leaning (banking) help cause turning on a bicycle? Prediction interval for binomial random variable What is the formula (approximate or exact) for a prediction interval for a Binomial random variable?  Assume $Y \sim \mathsf{Binom}(n, p)$, and we observe $y$ (drawn from $Y$). The $n$ is known.  Our goal is to obtain a 95% prediction interval for a new draw from $Y$.   The point estimate is $n\hat{p}$, where $\hat{p}=\frac{y}{n}$. A confidence interval for $\hat{p}$ is straightforward, but I cannot find a formula for a prediction interval for $Y$. If we knew $p$ (rather than $\hat{p}$), then a 95% prediction interval just involves finding the quantiles of a binomial. Is there something obvious I'm overlooking? Proving that $\arctan(x)+\arctan(1/x)=\pm \pi/2$, could this line of reasoning possibly be correct? Software implementations of random forest classifiers have a number of parameters to allow users to fine-tune the algorithm's behavior, including the number of trees $T$ in the forest. Is this a parameter that needs to be tuned, in the same way as $m$, the number of features to try at each split (what Leo Breiman calls mtry)?