How does \input adds a space?
How can I '\input' a file without getting the implicit newline?
I have two identical folders, with same structure and contents like this:  folder_1   hello.txt   subfolder     byebye.txt  folder_2   hello.txt   subfolder     byebye.txt   if I compress them as tar.xz formats I get two different archives with two different file sizes (just a few bytes, but they're not identical).  $ cd folder_1 &amp;&amp; tar -Jcf archive.tar.xz * $ cd folder_2 &amp;&amp; tar -Jcf archive.tar.xz *   I get:  folder_1/archive.tar.xz != folder_2/archive.tar.xz   and of course if I md5sum or sha1sum them I'll get two different hashes  And that's my problem... I need to check if a provided archive is identical to the one I have in my storage. I cannot use hashing nor just check file sizes.  Using zip instead of tar.xz works as zip always produces identical achives from identical files. Why is this happening? Is there a way to prevent it? How can I run a different command but with the same arguments? For example, I edit and then run the same source.   vim arbit.py python arbit.py   I know I could run it from within vim, but I want a general solution on Bash. I keep finding situations where I reuse arguments.  How can I do that? Can I use mirroring to make a copy of my Database? I am asked to prove this theorem:  If $f:U \rightarrow C$ is holomorphic in $U$ and invertible, $P\in U$ and if $D(P,r)$ is a sufficently small disc about P, then   $$f^{-1}(w) = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \oint_{\partial D(P,r)}{\frac{sf'(s)}{f(s)-w}}ds$$     The book says to "imitate the proof of the argument principle" but I am not seeing the connection. Pure verbal nouns/deverbal nouns vs. gerunds This is a follow-up to a previous question which I am still trying to understand. I think I'm making progress in my understanding, but I would appreciate feedback to help me refine my thinking.  Here is the sentence:     Good writing requires hard work.   Originally, I thought that "writing" was acting as a gerund in this phrase.  After reading through the replies to that question along with back posts related to gerunds, I've since concluded that "writing" in this sentence is a , also termed a deverbal noun.  My reasoning?  —In the sentence above "writing" is modified by "good" and is thus acting more like a noun than a verb. —It has no direct object.  Is my thinking correct here?  If not, could someone politely help me to refine it?  However, what if I had written the following?     Writing well requires hard work.     or   To write well requires hard work.   In these examples, I'm thinking that "writing" would be a different kind of verbal noun—a non-finite verb acting as a gerund or infinitive, which is one piece of a larger complement noun clause.  The last bit is muddy for me, but I will leave it at that. Thank you in advance for your patience and insight. Is there are rule when to use opened vs open?  I always get confused even though I've been speaking English as the dominant language for more than half my life.  E.g.         Is the door open(ed)?   Which file do you have open(ed) in your editor? How to show a binomial random variable dominates another binomial random variable with a smaller success value? Let $X\sim B(n,p_h)$ and $Y\sim B(n,p_\ell)$ be two random variables following a respective binomial distribution, where $p_h&gt;p_\ell$. I want to show that  $$P(X\ge\alpha)\ge P(Y\ge\alpha),$$ for any $\alpha\in\{0,1,\dots,n\}$. In other words, I want to show  $$P(X\ge\alpha)=\sum_{i=\alpha}^{n}\binom{n}{i}p_h^i(1-p_h)^{n-i}\ge P(Y\ge\alpha)=\sum_{i=\alpha}^{n}\binom{n}{i}p_\ell^i(1-p_\ell)^{n-i}.$$  The statement to be proven is obviously true, but proving it is extremely difficult (at least for me). Can anyone give me some guidance on proving it?  It would be nice if someone can give an algebraic proof too, that is, show that  $$\sum_{i=\alpha}^{n}\binom{n}{i}p_h^i(1-p_h)^{n-i}\ge \sum_{i=\alpha}^{n}\binom{n}{i}p_\ell^i(1-p_\ell)^{n-i}.$$  Thank you very much! Looking for a quick and dirty way to automate . I presume this could be done with an automation to press the mouse button from two separate pixel coordinates, with delay, so long as the browser window doesn't move -- unless there's a better way.  I tried building a Watch Me Do workflow, in Automator, but can't seem to get it to work.  I get the error "application Chrome is not running when it is expected to." It also never lists mouse clicks for some reason.  I do have accessibility set up, in system preferences > security &amp; privacy > privacy > accessibility.  Automator, Chrome and System Events are all checked within there (among other stuff of course).  I tried the markashworth workaround as detailed  -- which also doesn't seem to work. Using his method, I get this error:    UPDATE: I just downloaded "cliclick" and figured out how do both clicks as a terminal command, with the proper delays.  BUT -- I don't know code and need a way for this terminal command to repeat "x" amount of times.  Anyone know how I could do that in Script Editor?  The command line is:  cliclick c:132,286 w:100 c:132,286 w:5000 c:1100,238   I would need a few seconds of delay before the loop repeats, which I presume I could do with a final "w:" in that line.  Thanks for the help!! We all know how important proper attribution of ideas is. At the same time, certain things have become basic enough that citing the paper where they were first discussed is overkill: to give an extreme example, if you need to do some differentiation in your math/physics paper, you don't need to go and cite Newton and Leibniz. Now, on occasion students ask me how one can determine if a piece of knowledge is common enough that they can forgo a citation. The rule of thumb I give them is:     If it is something that is explained in a standard first-year undergrad textbook, then anybody who is going to read your papers knows about it and you don't need to provide a citation.   [Here I want to emphasize that I give this to them as a rule of thumb, and I always tell them to ignore it and provide the relevant citation if they think it is necessary to do so in a specific case]  Are there better or alternative ways of drawing the line? Virus added .mbed File Extension The files on my PC's 2 drives have been altered by a virus; all files on both drives now have an extra extension of ".mbed"  Here you have a screenshot to get my point:   So what is the shortcut way for me to correct all these file extensions? One of the products being shown a CES is a  intended to let you charge a tablet from a laptop USB port that normally wouldn't work because it didn't provide enough power.  The CNET writeup implies that it's actually boosting the power output from the port beyond the normally available amount.  This seems improbable to me because the ports should have current protection to protect themselves from shorts.  Also, if it was possible to bypass the current limit externally, I'd've expected at least some tablet vendors to have included the ability to do so directly in their cables.  One possibility that occurs to me is that the dongle is just spoofing responses to the tablet when it queries the laptop about the maximum power it can deliver while only providing a trickle charge that the tablet would otherwise reject as too slow to bother with. Basically this suggestion for the Android app:   Many times I'll see that a post has been edited on the Android app. I'll want to see exactly what was edited, and the Android app doesn't show this. Can the revision history be added to the Android app? On a whim the other day, I changed my meta name from Lord Torgamus to Popular Demand.  I just noticed that the old name has "stuck" to the author tag of ; everywhere else on meta, my new name displays as expected.  Is this a feature?  Is it a bug?  Mostly I'm just curious, as I can't think of a strong reason in favor of keeping this behavior or a strong reason for changing it.  A question somewhat like this has been raised before as , but the previous poster implied that the issue had something to do with migration, which my situation shows is not the case. Clipping raster with vector boundaries using QGIS In QGIS I would like to clip a raster precipitation layer using an admin boundary layer that is vector data. However the Geoprocessing tools seem to be usable only for vector data. How can I clip this precipitation layer? Find the Resistance between Two Terminals Let's say R = 49 ohms, and we want to find Req between a and d, how do we do that? Do we have to find Req for the whole circuit? List of IP addresses/hostnames from local network in Python How can I get a list of the IP addresses or host names from a local network easily in Python?  It would be best if it was multi-platform, but it needs to work on Mac OS X first, then others follow.  Edit: By local I mean all active addresses within a local network, such as 192.168.xxx.xxx.  So, if the IP address of my computer (within the local network) is 192.168.1.1, and I have three other connected computers, I would want it to return the IP addresses 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4, and possibly their hostnames. Which of the following sentences is correct:        There is a lot of food and fruit in the supermarket.   There are a lot of food and fruit in the supermarket. Possible Duplicate:          Is there anywhere or anyone to complain to about the behaviour of moderators? I've been "spoken" to offensively by a moderator, and I'm unhappy about it. What ingredients can I add to no-knead bread to extend its life? Is there anything I can add to a standard no-knead bread recipe to allow the bread to stay softer for longer? Bread baked the night before, while still edible, is not as pliable the next midday.  I currently use bread flour, yeast, salt and water but was thinking of adding milk, butter or eggs. If there is a single food additive I can add I would consider this, but I don't want to adulterate the recipe too much. E: dpkg was interrupted... run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a'