Studying physics at undergraduate level: Prerequisites
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Why does the Stern–Gerlach quantum spin experiment conflict with classical mechanics? My understanding of the Stern–Gerlach experiment is that neutral (0 total charge) particles are sent through a non-homogeneous magnetic field, with the expectation that the field will push that particle's path higher or lower on a detector because of the collective spin of that particle. While the detector can detect particles in a two-dimensional surface, the results of the experiment are that particles appear in only two localized areas directly above the path of the particle stream, or directly below the path of the particle stream - spin up or spin down. The conclusions from these measurements are that the particle, when measured, will always have about the same magnitude.  Why does this not follow from classical mechanical theory related to magnetism? If you shot a magnet through a similar apparatus, I would expect the magnet to be rotated to align with the magnetic field in some way which, at high enough field strengths relative to the mass of the magnet, would cause us to measure basically the same magnitude as if the magnet entered the apparatus pre-aligned with the field.  How is my explanation incorrect? VS10 debugger error: Test host process exited unexpectedly java.sql.SQLException: Column count doesn't match value count at row 1 Chance of objects going against greater entropy? My book uses the argument that the multiplicities of a few macrostates in a macroscopic object take up an extraordinarily large share of all possible microstates, such that even over the entire lifetime of the universe, if each microstate had an equal chance of being accessed, fluctuations away from equilibrium would never occur.  My question to this statistical proof is this: In the real world, is there really an infinitesimal but nonzero chance that macroscopic systems could access some of the more unlikely macrostates (e.g. heat transfer from a cold object to a hot object)? Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter [168c:003e] (rev 32) can't enable wi-fi How to export data as CSV format from SQL Server using sqlcmd? I know the statement:  create table xyz_new as select * from xyz;   Which copies the structure and the data, but what if I just want the structure? Question: Suppose that $R$ is a commutative ring without zero-divisors.   Show that the characteristic of $R$ is either $0$ or prime.   I have established that every element in a commutative ring $R$ without zero divisors have the same additive order $n$.   Now, if no such additive order n exists, then the characteristic of $R$ is $0$.  Obviously, if a finite additive order exists, Char of $R$ is finite.  How do I show that Char of $R$ is prime? It probably involves lagrange's theorem and the order of the element in $R$.  Hint is appreciated.  Thanks in advance. If a run the watch command containing an alias, it will not expand the alias. I have tried both with single quote and double quotes, in fact given the following alias:  # alias ll alias ll='ls -l --color=tty'   The following command will fail  # watch ll sh: ll: command not found   Shouldn't command line expansion work in this case? Execute a Java program from our Java program I used   Runtime.getRuntime().exec("_____")   but it throws a IOException as below:  java.io.IOException: CreateProcess: c:/ error=5   at java.lang.Win32Process.create(Native Method)   at java.lang.Win32Process.&lt;init&gt;(Win32Process.java:63)   at java.lang.Runtime.execInternal(Native Method   I don't know whether I have the problem with specifying the path or something else. Can anyone please help me with the code. After a very long time will we see more stars (due to the fact that more light is get to us) or less stars (as the universe expends and light have to pass larger distance)? In general, can stellar objects go outside of the scope of the observable universe or is it only growing with time? Calculations are always better than just discussion. Does it have any connection to dark matter? E.g.  I know that I can browse the chat when I'm not logged on. But what if I am logged on and want to spare the inconvenience of logging off/multiple browsers? What is the Necessity of $...$ Around Numbers? I typed up an assignment with a lot of numbers in LaTeX and turned it in to my adviser.  When he returned it to me with some corrections, one of which was a lot of $ around my numbers.  I understand that $ are necessary around some mathematical formulas, but I was just using numbers like -2 and 4.  I did not see any change in the font of the numbers when I added the $ either.  Since my adviser did not want to give me an explanation, what is the rationale? Is there a way to save all my typed terminal commands and view it like history in a log book? Do I need an airport transit visa for Dublin, Ireland en route to the UK? What are those zigzagged folded paper things you see in supernatural anime? In a lot of supernatural anime, like Shin Sekai Yori, or Tokyo Ravens there often appear these large ropes with folded paper things hanging from them:    As far as I can tell, they serve to seal or mark places that are sacred or in some way supernatural, like shinboku, or holy trees:    What are these folded paper things, and what purpose do they really serve? How does time work in The Matrix? Intel HD Graphics 620: Does my display adapter support HDMI 2.0 necessary for a 4k display? I want to connect my laptop (Inspiron 15 5000 Series) to a 4k display. When I read online about this it seems that HDMI 2.0 is a necessaity to handle the large resolutions / refresh rates involved to get full benefits of a 4k display.  Use case: I'm not going to use this to play games. Most of my use-case is editing documents, emails, spreadsheets and some engineering drawings and video (watching not editing).   The goal behind going 4k is to boost productivity by having more things open at once to read side by side.   I looked into the Dell specs and they only mention an HDMI without going into the details of what type or whether it will support HDMI 2.0 / 4K TV.     How do I tell whether my Dell Inspiron Laptop (i7 7500 U processor) supports this?  I looked under the Display Adapters and can see that I have an "Intel HD Graphics 620"  listed.   Will this suffice to tell me if this display adapter will support HDMI 2.0 / 4k display?   Or should I be checking out some other settings?  Thanks! How to revert an update? The latest xorg update was a big regression for me on a dual display setup. Is there a simple way to revert to the previous version?  I'm on Lucid Lynx. I think it would be super if, in my LaTeX editor, I could click on the name of package...  \usepackage{blob}   ... and the corresponding style file, blob.sty, would be opened.  Do any LaTeX editors have this feature? I mainly use Aquamacs/AucTeX myself, but am interested in other editors too. I reckon it would be mildly challenging to implement, because blob.sty might be    in the current working directory,  in the system texmf directory, or  in the user's texmf directory.