Reverse playback,java
Play WAV file backward
Ubuntu16.04 boots into initramfs Ubuntu doesn't boot up and it goes into initramfs. I am writing from a live CD trial session. what should I do?  I understand that the boot flow is broken and that when the files from root are going to be loaded into the ram, it does not find the files in the root directory. Please correct me if I'm wrong.  The following is the output from ashell as I input the "exit" command:  (initramfs) exit /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root contains a file system with errors, check forced. Inodes that were part of a corrupted orphan linked list found.  /dev/mapper/ubuntu-vg-root: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; Run fsck MANUALLY.     (i.e., without -a or -p options)  fsck exited with status code 4. The root file system on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root requires manual fsck Adding 3 electron spins I've learned how to add two 1/2-spins, which you can do with C-G-coefficients. There are 4 states (one singlet, three triplet states). States are symmetric or antisymmetric and the quantum numbers needed are total spin and total z-component.  But how do you add three 1/2-spins? It should yield 8 different eigenstates. Which quantum numbers do you need to characterise the 8 states?  It is not as easy as using C-G-coefficients and the usual quantum numbers as for the total momentum the doubly degenerate 1/2 state and quadruple degenerate 3/2 state can describe only 6 or the 8 states. You will need an additional quantum number for the degeneracy.  So how do you get the result?  (I actually tried out myself with a large 8x8 matrix. The total spin 1/2 is each doubly degenerate. For the additional quantum number I chose the cyclic permutation. Spin 1/2 states are neither symmetric nor antisymmetric. But what is the usual way to derive this?)  EDIT: For reference I'm adding my results for up to 4 spins from some time ago:   If you recall the basics of quantum mechanics with matrices it is actually a straightforward matrix diagonalization and requires no specialized knowledge. However, you still need to find an additional operator which breaks degeneracy. I chose the cyclic permutation, which seems to do the job. Please refer to the below answer, since I haven't checked all details. How to obtain and use the .bbl file in my tex document for ArXiv submission? How can one differentiate between "who" and "whom"? Firstly, how do I read it? Is below right? With braces   $$p \vdash (q \Rightarrow p)$$  The given proof is:    ${p}$, premise ${q}$, assumption  $p$ by (1) // what???  ${q} \Rightarrow p$ by implication introduction with 2 and 2.1 QED...    I can't really get the link between $p$ and $q$ in 2.1 ... Same gravatar is displayed for different users in the stackexchange.com , under the Top Network Askers in the right side bar.   The red circled image's source (&lt;img src=) are from   https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=18&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=PG&amp;s=30                                ^   Seems the gravatar id is missing here in the image source.  For an example from the list, the user  gravatar id should be    https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/66c66c4d97a7bc3859a85253f003e1fb?s=18&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=PG&amp;s=30   but it is mapped with   https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=18&amp;d=identicon&amp;r=PG&amp;s=30   which caused the display issue. This might be a stupid question, but nonetheless, it has been bothering me.  If you take a photon, make it go through some atoms in a solid, liquid or whatever, then you have the chance of this photon being absorbed by an electron, and thereby exciting the electron. This requires the photon to have enough energy to actually excite the electron to another energy level.  My question is then: How does the photon know if it has enough energy or not? Do they interact very quickly to determine if it's okay or not, or is it just something it "knows?" (p → q) ∧ ¬p ⇒ ¬q  I have tried to use the rules of inference in many ways to prove this argument to be valid. However, I cannot seem to find a way to validate the argument, but I am afraid I have missed something.  Using a truth table I find that when p and q is 0, then p → q is 1, ¬p is 1 and ¬q is 1. Would that not make the argument valid?  I apologize in advance if I have misunderstood the whole concept. Any answer would be much appreciated. Thank you Title page line spacing I have a simple problem but I didn't manage to find any answer for it. In my title page, I just used  \title{Name of the title}   then  \hrule height 0,1cm \leavevmode \\[0,5cm]     {\Huge{\textbf{\@title}}}\\[0,5cm] \hrule height 0,1cm \leavevmode \\[0,5cm]   to print the title of my document. But it takes more than 3 lines on the PDF file, and I have a different spacing between the 1st and 2nd line compared to the 2nd and 3rd, which is a bit frustrating.   Anyone got an idea of why ? Changed permissions of / to user I am working on Ubuntu 12.04 64bit.  I want to add "Open terminal here" to Nautilus context or right-click menu but it tries to download 32bit version from Internet. I followed the instructions and got success response but I didn't receive email.  Then I used the id to get Email Status and got 404 error.  Here is my json :  POST :   {     "To": {         "Address": "example@gmail.com",         "SubscriberKey": "example@gmail.com.tw"     },     "Options": {         "RequestType": "ASYNC"     } }   GET : {id}  Please let me know how I can resolve the issue. Is there a better name for this than "emphatic and"? In semi-poetic writing, I have had occasion to deviate from the standard prose list practice (interpose commas or semicolons between items, with an "and" preceding the final item), by utilizing a second or third and to separate three or four items.  That is,       Bob likes beer, wine and liquor.   The variant would be:     Bob likes beer and wine and liquor.   Now, the usage is obviously nonstandard and should be avoided in formal writing, but for those instances where poetic variation may be justified.    What is it called?  "Emphatic And" is the best I can coin on my own, but I wonder if there is a more established name for this variation. How to open new tab in browser in selenium 3.0? I have tried multiple actions but it is not working.  It always close the first tab and then it open link in the same page.  // Driver is launched package WebBrowserCommands;  import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;  public class OpenBrowser   {     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {         System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","/Users/ss108/Desktop/Util/SELENIUM SUPPORT/chromedriver");          WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();          driver.manage().window().maximize();         // Driver is launched          //We have two ways         boolean Indriectway = true;         //Boolean to understand both method          if(!Indriectway){             //Using String to take value.             String URL = "https://www.google.com";             driver.get(URL);              String PageSourceFirst = driver.getPageSource();             //We have took title in PageSourceFirst             System.out.println(PageSourceFirst);              //Get Title Command             String TitleFrist = driver.getTitle();             //We have took title in TitleFirst             System.out.println("Tile of WebSite is " + TitleFrist);              //Get Current URL             String CurrentURLFirst = driver.getCurrentUrl();             System.out.println("Current URL is " + CurrentURLFirst);              Actions act=new Actions(driver);             act.contextClick(driver.findElement(By.linkText("Gmail"))).perform();             Thread.sleep(10000);             act.contextClick(driver.findElement(By.linkText("Gmail"))).sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).sendKeys(Keys.RETURN).build().perform();                    // Try to open page using right click and action arrow down **but it is not working**              driver.close();          }else {             //Using directly             driver.get("https://www.facebook.com");             String PageSourceSecond = driver.getPageSource();             System.out.println(PageSourceSecond);              //Get Title Command             System.out.println("Tile of WebSite is " + driver.getTitle());             //Get Current URL             System.out.println("Current URL is " + driver.getCurrentUrl());             driver.quit();          }     } }   Second method  1- Same result getting   System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","/Users/ss108/Desktop/Util/SELENIUM SUPPORT/chromedriver");     WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();     driver.get("https://www.facebook.com")     Robot robot = new Robot();     robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_META);     robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_T);     robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_T);     robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_META);       driver.get("https://www.google.com")   Third method  String selectLinkOpeninNewTab = Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL,Keys.RETURN);  driver.findElement(By.linkText("urlLink")).sendKeys(selectLinkOpeninNewTab);   however none of them work for what I am trying. MySQL replication of single DB to same server Two very closely related questions:  If a card has two different "Sacrifice this creature for X" abilities on it, does sacrificing it give both benefits?  Likewise, if a card requires a creature to be sacrificed, but that creature has a "Sacrifice this creature for X" ability, do you get the sacrifice benefit when you sacrifice it for the other requirement? Mathoverflow - why so different I was wondering if it was possible to use any of the API's provided by SF to build an external (C#, Java) application to manage building changesets.   Building changesets is very tedious when trying to include 100's of items and I was hoping to streamline the process for our team by building an application I can load an excel file to with the required components and have it build the outbound changeset. iPhone 5S, LTE does not work Cleaning small block of code (Switch, Case, If?)