Check if a file is a plain text file or binary files in python
How to find the mime type of a file in python?
If $P(x^5)+xQ(x^5)+x^2R(x^5)=(x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1)S(x)$ , then prove that $P(x)$ is divisible by $x-1$ $P,Q,R,S$ are polynomials such that: $P(x^5)+xQ(x^5)+x^2R(x^5)=(x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1)S(x)$ , then prove that $P(x)$ is divisible by $x-1$   I thought a lot on this but no result!! By the way,one idea is to insert some values for $x$ and try to produce a system of equations for the given polynomials,but I'm not sure it works. When does Bleeding Attack effect apply? I've designed for a campaign a duo of rogues. My character is as , and his follower is a Knife Mistress. Couple of question about them. Our party is about to ambush several . My Sniper will hide near their camp, and shoot the weakest one when fight begins. His follower will then rush the troll and slice him in several pieces. My Sniper has the Bleeding attack feat:  Bleeding Attack (Ex) Benefit: A rogue with this ability can cause living opponents to  by hitting them with a sneak attack. This attack causes the target to take 1 additional point of damage each round for each die of the rogue's sneak attack (e.g., 4d6 equals 4 points of bleed). Bleeding creatures take that amount of damage every round at the start of each of their turns. The bleeding can be stopped by a DC 15 Heal check or the application of any effect that heals hit point damage.  Emphasis mine. Thus, a normal enemy would bleed every turn, until he get cleaned of the bleeding effect. However, troll have a special ability, which is  5 (acid/fire)  Regeneration (Ex) A creature with this ability is difficult to kill. Creatures with regeneration heal damage at a fixed rate, as with , but they cannot die as long as their regeneration is still functioning (although creatures with regeneration still fall unconscious when their hit points are below 0). Certain attack forms, typically fire and acid, cause a creature’s regeneration to stop functioning on the round following the attack. During this round, the creature does not heal any damage and can die normally. The creature's descriptive text describes the types of damage that cause the regeneration to cease functioning.  So, the troll will automatically get rid of the bleeding effect during his first turn. My question is: Does the bleeding effect apply before the regeneration, or get neglected, because the troll will heal during his turn? Am I right to assume that, Bleeding attack effect getting triggered at the beginning of the troll turn, it will deal him the damages before the wounds heals? How can I correct a reviewer's opinion? Remount squashfs root filessytem read-write I am working on an embedded device. The fstab shows the following info:  &lt;file system&gt; &lt;mount pt&gt;      &lt;type&gt;  &lt;options&gt;         &lt;dump&gt; &lt;pass&gt; /dev/root       /               ext2    rw,noauto                           0               1 proc            /proc           proc    defaults                            0               0 devpts          /dev/pts        devpts  defaults,gid=5,mode=620             0               0 tmpfs           /tmp            tmpfs   defaults                            0               0 ramfs           /var            ramfs   defaults                            0               0 sys             /sys            sysfs   defaults                            0               0   Running the mount command I get this:  rootfs on / type rootfs (rw) /dev/root on / type squashfs (ro,relatime) proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime) sys on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620) ramfs on /var type ramfs (rw,relatime)   Which means that the root filesystem is read-only.  How can I remount the read-only part as read-write? How to concatenate two MP4 files using FFmpeg? How to publish a GML file as a Web Feature Service (WFS)? When running 'screen ls' the screen stops with the text [screen is terminating]. I would like screen to keep the session alive and reattach to it to see the output of ls.  Of course the real thing is that I don't run screen ls, but rather a screen fsck ..., so I would like to ensure that the screen is not terminating when this command is finished.  I would love to have an answer that is useful for an already existing running screen session, so some interactive keys like C-a ... or C-a : (Enter command line mode) How do I get on a Minecraft PE server when it says 'invalid name'? I am having trouble getting onto a server in Minecraft PE on iOS. When I tap on the person's server it just says invalid name:    I have tried turning off and restarting the iPad, going to home screen and logging back into the server but I have had no luck and no change. Is there a reason why this is so? (Reference : Fraleigh, A first course in abstract algebra)     Prove that a nonempty set $G$, together with an associative binary operation * on $G$ such that $a*x=b$ and $y*a=b$ have solutions in G, $\forall a,b\in G$, is a group.   Because * is an associatie operation, we have to prove that: there exists $e\in G$ such that $e*a=a=a*e$ for any $a\in G$, and that for any $a\in G$ there exists $\alpha \in G$ such that $a*\alpha=e=\alpha *a$.  This is very confusing, first I tried to prove the identity exists. If we consider a=b, then $a*x=a=y*a$, and because of the hypothesis $x,y\in G$ always exists, now we have to show that $x=y$, but I just can't do this with out inverses, so I tried to prove that the inverses exists, however I have no idea how the identity looks like, I'm stuck.  And I tried to get unstuck, so I thought particular cases, first if $G$ had only one element, then what would happend if it had just two elements... but I remembered that we don't know if G is finite or not, and I think this makes things a little bit more complicated.  What can I do? Macrons appear really wide on all characters, but especially so on the i. Is it possible to make them less wide?  \documentclass{article} \begin{document} Tac\=e, M\=arc\=o, \=unus, f\=\i li\=\i? \end{document} In grade school we learn to rationalize denominators of fractions when possible. We are taught that $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ is simpler than $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$.  says that "there is a bias against roots in the denominator of a fraction". But such fractions are well-defined and I'm failing to see anything wrong with $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ - in fact, IMO it is simpler than $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ because 1 is simpler than 2 (or similarly, because the former can trivially be rewritten without a fraction).  So why does this bias against roots in the denominator exist and what is its justification? The only reason I can think of is that the bias is a relic of a time before the reals were understood well enough for mathematicians to be comfortable dividing by irrationals, but I have been unable to find a source to corroborate or contradict this guess. I have been reading about the new Salesforce async triggers. Currently, I tend to handle these sort of needs with a trigger that passes data to a 'Handler class' that would evaluate if a certain change has occurred. If it has then we pass those Ids to a queueable class for further processing.   What advantage do CDC and async triggers offer over using queueable or batch apex? Description list with aligned descriptions is exactly what I'm looking for. I want my description environment to produce this:  Label is long   text  lab2            blalballalaa label3          possible second rule label four      hello world   Someone offered this:  \newenvironment{mydescription}[1]                                                   {\begin{list}{}%    {\renewcommand\makelabel[1]{##1:\hfill}%    \settowidth\labelwidth{\makelabel{#1}}%    \setlength\leftmargin{\labelwidth}    \addtolength\leftmargin{\labelsep}}}   {\end{list}}   Which works great (the parameter is the longest label), except I think the enumitem should be able to do this. Unfortunately, the documentation for it is extremely confusing to me. Could someone show me how to achieve the same result with enumitem? Example of a ring with an infinite inclusion chain of ideals I'm trying to track down an example of a ring in which there exists an infinite chain of ideals under inclusion. (i.e. $I_1 \subsetneq I_2 \subsetneq I_3 \subsetneq...$) small limits in the pointed category of a category with all small limits In Hovey, Model Categories, he says that given a category $\mathcal{C}$ with a small limits and colimits, if we form the category of pointed objects ,i.e. the category with objects as morphisms $*\rightarrow A$ where * is the terminal object, then this category $\mathcal{C}_*$also has all small limits and colimits.  To prove this, for any Functor $F:J\rightarrow \mathcal{C}_* $ where $J$ is small we compose it with the forgetful functor $\mathcal{C}_* \rightarrow \mathcal{C}$ and take the limit here. My question is how will this give a limit in $\mathcal{C}_*$? we will get an object in the category, but how do we get the arrow from $*$ to that object? How to declare a structure in a header that is to be used by multiple files in c? If I have a source.c file with a struct:  struct a {      int i;     struct b {         int j;     } };   How can this struct be used in another file (i.e. func.c)?  Should I create a new header file, declare the struct there and include that header in func.c?  Or should I define the whole struct in a header file and include that in both source.c and func.c?  How can the struct be declared extern in both files?  Should I typedef it? If so, how? Find remainder when $f(x^{12})$ is divided by $f(x)$ Stack Overflow is getting a Meta of its own With powershell get exactly the same application list as in Add/Remove programms Suppose $R\neq 0$ is a commutative ring with $1$. Let $M$ be a free $R$-module. I would like to prove that $M$ is a flat $R$-module. Everywhere I have looked (mostly online) this is proved by first proving that every free module is projective, and then proving that every projective module is flat. Unfortunately, Atiyah &amp; Macdonald's "Introduction to Commutative Algebra" (Chapter 2) does not discuss projective modules. But the result that every free module is flat comes very handy in the exercises.   So my question is,     Is it possible to prove that every free module is flat just by   definitions and without appealing to projective modules?   Thanks!