"XXX is hashed" meaning from type command?
Why does `type which` say that `which is hashed`?
/A problem from the 2012 MIT Integration Bee is $$ \int_0^1\frac{x^7-1}{\log(x)}\mathrm dx $$ The answer is $\log(8)$. Wolfram Alpha gives an indefinite form in terms of the logarithmic integral function, but times out doing the computation. Is there a way to do it by hand? Acknowledgements outside of document environment How do I add an acknowledgements section (maybe not specifically \section) outside of (before) my document environment?  in my .cls, there is  \def\@acknowledge{} ... \def\acknowledge#1{\booltrue{@ack} \gdef\@acknowledge{#1}} ... \def\ackpage{ \chapter*{Acknowledgments} \@acknowledge \newpage }   but it seems that I find problems when I put newlines in the  \acknowledge{folks in here}  (see  ) Decode escaped Url without using HttpUtility.UrlDecode I am generating one report where I need to use background image. But I found that image always starts leaving some margin space to left side.    \documentclass{article} \usepackage{wallpaper} \usepackage{mdframed} \usepackage[top=2cm, bottom=2cm, outer=0cm, inner=0cm]{geometry} \begin{document}  Some content \ThisLRCornerWallPaper{1.0}{image.jpg} \end{document}    How can I use background image covering whole page? How do I install the latest version of EMACS and pick the appropriate UI? I'm running the latest Kubuntu (12.04 beta 2) and I would like to run the latest emacs (currently v24). The repos are one version behind. What's the best way to install v24 or later (and avoid future version conflicts)?  Also, is there any reason not to aways use the GUI version of emacs if X is running? For example, could I set the GUI emacs version as the default text editor and use it to edit cron jobs (crontab -e)? I'm assuming the answer is yes, but since I haven't done that yet (my default editor is nano), I want to check if there are reasons I should leave nano as the default editor.  Usually when I'm working on the command line I end up using nano. Now that I think about it, I have no idea why I keep doing that. Is there any downside to calling a GUI editor when working in an X terminal?  EDIT: I briefly tested these two versions   GNU Emacs 24.0.94.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, GTK+ Version 3.3.20) from  GNU Emacs 23.3.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) installed by default in Kubuntu.   .  Unfortunately (for me) the defaults installed version (23.3.1, 23.3+1-1ubuntu9) is the nox version.   Package: emacs23-nox Status: install ok installed Version: 23.3+1-1ubuntu9 Replaces: emacs23, emacs23-gtk, emacs23-lucid   The package with version 24 opens in GUI mode by default. That's what I prefer. Some of the version 24 changes that interest me are listed in the references below.   But there appear to be a multitude of different packages and versions I could install.  References:   What’s New In Emacs 24 (part 1) | Mastering Emacs  "    shell-mode uses pcomplete rules, with the standard completion UI.  Yowzah! There’s a lot of cool, new functionality hidden away in this gem of a change." EmacsWiki: Recent Changes Can you re-enter USA on an ESTA? I am visiting the US in August 2014 for a week, returning home to the UK &amp; will then be visiting for another 2 weeks in October 2014.  My question is, can I use the same ESTA or would I need to reapply for the second visit? I think the ESTA lasts 90 days but I am unsure if you can leave &amp; re-enter? Install Java JDK and JRE on Debian 8 Trigonometry Olympiad problem: Evaluate $1\sin 2^{\circ} +2\sin 4^{\circ} + 3\sin 6^{\circ}+\cdots+ 90\sin180^{\circ}$ Find the value of   $$1\sin 2^{\circ} +2\sin 4^{\circ} + 3\sin 6^{\circ}+\cdots+ 90\sin180^{\circ}$$   My attempt  I converted the $\sin$ functions which have arguments greater than $90^\circ$ to $\cos$ but I have gone no where with it!  I also tried using double angle formula for the angles which are even. I know that it holds for $n=5$, so the first step is done.  For the second step, my IH is: $4^n &gt; n^4$, and I must show that $4^{n+1} &gt; (n+1)^4$. I did as follows:  $4^{n+1} = 4*4^n &gt; 4n^4$, and if I show that $4n^4 &gt; (n+1)^4$ holds for $n\geq 5$ I'm done, so I expand the right hand side and arrive to:  $$4n^4 &gt; n^4 + 4n^3 + 6n^2 + 4n + 1$$  And this holds iff: $$3n^4 - 4n^3 - 6n^2 - 4n - 1 &gt;0$$ And here I'm stuck, I don't really know how to show that the given inequality holds. Any hints? Process management and high technology weapon. Novel name and author? I need to run a bash script at boot-time as superuser in Xubuntu. I don't know where to start. I have to do something described in a Arch Linux guide. That guide says exactly:     Add following at the end of the file : /etc/rc.sysinit   # Do my action /etc/rc.d/do_my_action  /bin/dmesg &gt;| /var/log/dmesg.log   But I do not have /etc/rc.sysinit and /etc/rc.d/ in Xubuntu. I'm sure there are equivalent ones, right? How can I set up password-less SSH login? When using the xhtml1-transitional.dtd doctype, collecting a credit card number with the following HTML  &lt;input type="text" id="cardNumber" name="cardNumber" autocomplete='off'/&gt;   will flag a warning on the W3C validator:     there is no attribute "autocomplete".   Is there a W3C / standards way to disable browser auto-complete on sensitive fields in a form? What does a de Broglie wave look like? What does a  wave look like? Are de Broglie waves transverse or longitudinal?   Can they be polarized?    What about the de Broglie wave of a ground state neutral spin-zero Helium 4 atom?   What experimental evidence do we have that supports the detailed nature of a de Broglie wave?     I have always assumed that de Broglie waves were mathematically  identical to electromagnetic waves, but I just realized there is no basis for this assumption, and in fact it must be false, unless there is an analogue to both the magnetic and the electric components of the electromagnetic wave.  So what does a de Broglie wave "look like"? Why are there two Address lines in Address forms? Experience and a quick Google Images search suggests that it's standard to provide two fields for Address/Street. A colleague argues that it's perceived as two alternative addresses, and that the fact that there's only one country, state, zip, phone just makes it more confusing. I tried to think of a good explanation for having two fields but couldn't. To the reason of "there are some very long addresses" he replies "then why don't they use a multiline input field which would make it clearer that it's the same address".  So, what's the reason? And is it only standard for the US or for Europe as well? Other than cost, is there a reason to not use higher rated components than called for by design? Where does Google Chrome automatically save pages? I want to implement an addition key layer, so that I can access non-alphanumeric keys without having to move my wrists.  I've been using Autokey for this purpose, but the experience was unsatisfactory: it had occasional lags and let original keystrokes slip into certain apps.  So I need a low-level solution. How do I get a slanted \sum symbol? I want to use a slanted \sum symbol denoting a different meaning from summation. How do I get a slanted \sum symbol? is there any diffrence to use nonlinear or liner activation function in single hidden layer network