Is there some trick to evaluating the following integral
Integral of $ 1 \, / \, (1 + a \, \cos(x) )$
How to create wifi hotspot in Ubuntu 17.10 I'm using LyX and a custom class from  which is based on the  class.  I'm at another school and my advisor wants me to include titles of the readers on the signature page as well as a date line for each signator.  I've looked through some documentation on the thesis class and poked around in the .cls file in use but didn't come across anything obvious to change.  Perhaps this section would help though?  \newcommand*{\th@degreeyear}{\number\the\year} \newcommand*{\th@signature}[1]{ \begin{center}     \normalsize     \vspace*{16mm}  % works well?     \vrule width 80mm height 0.2mm\\     #1 \end{center} } \newcommand*{\th@dateline}{ \vspace*{9mm} \begin{flushright}     Date~{\vrule width 35mm height 0.2mm} \end{flushright}   How do I include this? In Ruby on Rails, how do I format a date with the "th" suffix, as in, "Sun Oct 5th"? Are there any countable Hausdorff connected spaces? Do countable Hausdorff connected topological spaces exist? Where has the trailing newline char gone from my command substitution? The following code best describes the situation.  Why is the last line not outputting the trailing newline char?  Each line's output is shown in the comment.  I'm using GNU bash, version 4.1.5          echo -n $'a\nb\n'                  | xxd -p  # 610a620a              x=$'a\nb\n'   ; echo -n "$x" | xxd -p  # 610a620a      echo -ne "a\nb\n"                  | xxd -p  # 610a620a x="$(echo -ne "a\nb\n")" ; echo -n "$x" | xxd -p  # 610a62 Is it possible to change the colors in the command prompt for the user@computer, as well as the the current directory and command parts of the prompt display?   I've already seen something like this done by OSX users, but I don't know how to do the same thing in gnome terminal (I can only change foreground and background colors).   It'd be very useful when, for example, trying to compile programs that have errors, since long, unformatted messages make it hard to distinguish which lines are commands and which are output. Does removing the comma before 'which' etc in a non-restrictive clause change the meaning of the sentence? .gitignore for Visual Studio Projects and Solutions My friend and I were discussing this and we couldn't figure out how to prove it one way or another.  The only rational values I can figure out for $\sin(x)$ (or $\cos(x)$, etc...) come about when $x$ is some product of a fraction of $\pi$.  Is $\sin(x) $ (or other trigonometric function) necessarily irrational if $ x $ is rational?  Edit: Excluding the trivial solution of 0. Continuing in the Visual Studio debugger after an exception occurs When I debug a C# program and I get an exception throwed (either thrown by code OR thrown by the framework), the IDE stops and get me to the corresponding line in my code.  Everything is fine for now.  I then press "F5" to continue. From this moment, it seams like I'm in an infinite loop. The IDE always get me back to the exception line. I have to Shift + F5 (stop debugging/terminate the program) to get out of his.  I talked with some co-workers here and they told me that this happens sometime to them too.  What's happening? Fight 707 arrives at/in Washington D.C. in ten minutes Fight 707 arrives at Washington D.C. in ten minutes. Fight 707 arrives in Washington D.C. in ten minutes.     Do we have to use 'at' or 'in' in this case? Washington D.C. is a big city, so we have to use 'in' normally. However, because the plane leaves the city soon, the city can be a particular point on a map. So, can we use 'at' in this case? Automatically show which tags were edited in revision history I’ve developed the habit of using the revision summary to indicate which changes I’ve made to the tags while retagging a question.  For instance, if the question originally had tags   and it should be  instead, I write the following in the revision summary:     Edited tags: -cocoa, -touch, +cocoa-touch   which I find useful (and potentially educational) for the OP and other editors.  On the other hand, when an editor doesn’t type a revision summary, Stack Overflow shows     User (timestamp) edited tags   with no indication of the difference between previous tags and the tags set by that edit.  Since there’s a limit on the number of tags, this difference would easily fit in the revision history list of that question. Could this be automatic in case the editor doesn’t fill the revision summary? Is it worth it? How can I unlock a password locked rar file without knowing the password? I have .rar file that is password protected, but I accidentally have forgotten the password. The file extremely important to me.  How can I get my file back? In windows, there was many programs that could remove the password of such a file. Is there one for Ubuntu? Can you choose which version of a game to play on Steam? I want to play a game in an older update, but can't see a way to choose a specific version. Is this possible? What is the probability of rolling $n$ dice until each side appears at least once? We roll a die until each side appears at least once, then we stop.     What is the probability of rolling exactly $n$ dice?   I guess the answer is  $$6-6\left(\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^n\;,$$  but this may be wrong.  In trying to solve this problem, I read , but I couldn't solve the problem. Forward/Inverse Search Does Not work on certain tex files I have this weird issue with forward and inverse searches. I am using WinEdt + Sumatra combination. The forward and inverse search works perfectly on certain some .tex files, but fails on some others.  Currently, I am working on a .tex file and the inverse search always points to the end of a section. Where ever I double click in a particular section of the pdf, the inverse search points to the end of that section in the .tex file.  Moreover, when I try to perform forward search (Shift+F8) from the .tex file, the section in the pdf file doesn't get highlighted.  There are other .tex files where both the searches work perfectly. What could be the issue with this .tex file? My current understanding:  $\vdash$ is "syntactic consequence", e.g. if we have $a \vdash b$ it means if we've written down $a$ as something we know, we can immediately write down $b$ as something we know. This is saying nothing about whether any of these pieces are true, false, something else, etc, it's just saying that we can say something about $b$ by virtue of being able to say something about $a$.  $\vDash$ is "semantic consequence", e.g. if we have $a \vDash b$, then it (usually) means if $a$ is always true in every interpretation (i.e. no matter how we mess with any of the underlying variables driving $a$'s valuation), then $b$ is true as well. However I don't know if this is necessarily just a "true"-only thing. It seems conceivable that we could make one for falsehoods too, i.e. if $a \vDash b$ might mean if $a$ is always false then $b$ is always false, of if $a$ is always "dog" then $b$ is always "dog", etc. But I am unsure of this one.  $\to$ is material implication, which exists solely within the logic system (as opposed to the previous two metalogical relations) and has a specific semantic meaning / definition in terms of a truth table in something like prepositional logic ($a \to b$ is always true unless $a$ is true and $b$ is false). It's defined this way simply because it is a helpful / useful model to describe things like "whenever $a$ is true, $b$ is true".  Do I have the right idea so far? How to ‘guess’ if a noun is countable or uncountable? bcmwl-kernel-source broken on kernel: 5.8.0-34-generic How is The Wall bypassed?