Matlab - sum all elements above current
matlab based program where output comprises of sum of rows of input
Names of higher-order derivatives Specific derivatives have specific names. First order is often called tangency/velocity, second order is curvature/acceleration. I've also come across words like Jerk, Yank, Jounce, Jolt, Surge and Lurch for 3rd and 4th order derivatives. Is there a widely agreed list of names for these? How many orders have specific names?  In this case, I'm dealing with NURBs curves, so the "tangency" and "curvature" related words are to be preferred over "velocity" and "acceleration" words. ref to subsection number only is there a way to reference the subsection part only? Example:  \documentclass{article} \begin{document}  \section{This is my section} For further information see subsection \ref{subsecthree} within this section. \subsection{One} \subsection{Two} \subsection{Three}\label{subsecthree}  \end{document}   Usually gives (without the stars):  1 This is my section For further information see subsection **1.3** within this section.   But I want:  1 This is my section For further information see subsection **3** within this section.   Is that possible?  [Edit] To make it more clear: I am looking for a command that works like \ref, but prints (the arabic number of) the value of the subsection counter at the position of the \label.  ======================= == Solution in LaTeX ==  There is another solution below. This is a different solution I came up with  (I cannot post an answer to my own question, so I put it here):  \documentclass{article}  \newcommand{\labelsubseccounter}[1]{     \renewcommand\thesubsection{\arabic{subsection}}     \addtocounter{subsection}{-1}     \refstepcounter{subsection}     \label{#1}     \renewcommand\thesubsection{\thesection.\arabic{subsection}} }  \begin{document}  \section{This is my section} For further information see subsection \ref{subsecthree} within this section,  which is called \ref{onepointthree}, not \ref{onepointfour}. \subsection{One} \subsection{Two} \subsection{Three}\label{onepointthree}\labelsubseccounter{subsecthree} \subsection{Four}\label{onepointfour}  \end{document}   (I would like to insert the compiled code, but don't know how, sorry) Is a totally ordered set well-ordered, provided that its countable subsets are? Let $(X,⪯$) be totally ordered set, prove that if every non empty countable subset of $X$ is well ordered then X is well ordered.   It does seem obvious that any subset should have a minimum but I am not sure of how to prove it. Any help would be appreciated, and sorry I put up the same problem earlier but forgot to include the 'countable' subset. Problem to launch java at Debian: "error while loading shared libraries: libjli.so" What is the term when a word is used consecutively twice, with intentional stress placed on the first word, as a means to alter the severity of the word's meaning?  I am not referring to a  (had had) or a  (that that), but to the slightly sarcastic use as demonstrated in shows like Seinfeld. Sample sentences, with emphasis:  I know we're going out to eat, but I am only going to pick at an appetizer because I'm not hungry hungry. Don't wear something so formal to the party; I don't think you need to be dressed dressed.  Of personal note, some of my relatives decided a few years ago to nick-name the term a &quot;Celaine&quot; (a combination of their names) due to their own frequent use of it. Note: This question explicitly requests the term of art used by linguists and English scholars when discussing this phenomenon. This question is different from a  which requests a historical explanation for the phenomenon described by this term. None of the answers to the suggested duplicate provide the term.  The author of the similar question requests the term for the pattern in a comment, but does not receive an acceptable answer. The only mention of an acceptable term is in a comment made by the author of this question, in response to the author of the similar question, directing back to this very question. remove isp-provided dns My isp provides a dns service; but unfortunately they do block certain sites. I would like to use opendns or google; but it seems like it doesn't work.    I have set up a wired connection; given a manual ip and entered opendns-ip's in the nameserver field (all through the gui). Still url's are being resolved through my ISP. I have tried to configure the same on my girlfriends laptop (win 7) and I also can't seem to do the setup. My previous computer also was a win 7 and had no problem. (so I believe the problem is 'me') If it were only one site, i could edit the hosts file; but I prefere to circumvent their whole dns server.  Is there something an isp can do to block the use of other dns-servers than theirs? Is it possible to re-route the ISP dns to the opendns? Recovering a lost website with no backup? Convergence/Divergence of infinite series $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{(\sin n+2)^n}{n3^n}$ $$ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{(\sin n+2)^n}{n3^n}$$  Does it converge or diverge?   Can we have a rigorous proof that is not probabilistic?   For reference, this question is supposedly a mix of real analysis and calculus. I have seen this construct in scripts a lot and used it myself, but it bothers me that I can't seem to find it in the documentation.  Example:  [ -f file1 ] &amp;&amp; [ -f file2 ] &amp;&amp; echo "Both files exist." || echo "One or the other file doesn't exist."   This could also be done with backslashes before the newlines, as mentioned in man bash:  If a \&lt;newline&gt; pair appears,  and  the  backslash  is  not itself  quoted,  the \&lt;newline&gt; is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored).   Example:  [ -f file1 ] &amp;&amp; \ [ -f file2 ] &amp;&amp; \ echo "Both files exist." || \ echo "One or the other file doesn't exist."   ...but this doesn't seem to be necessary.  The first version above works even without the backslashes.  Where can I find this in man bash?  (Also, is this bash specific or POSIX compliant?) "Reality" of EM waves vs. wavefunction of individual photons - why not treat the wave function as equally "Real"? In thinking how to ask this question (somewhat) succinctly, I keep coming back to a Microwave Oven.  A Microwave Oven has a grid of holes over the window specifically designed to be smaller in diameter than the wavelength of the microwaves it produces, yet larger than the wavelengths of the visible light spectrum - this is so you can watch your food being heated without getting an eye full of microwaves.  The "realness" of electromagnetic waves seems indisputable - both from the microwave example above, and also because if I want to broadcast a radio wave with a certain wavelength, then I need to make sure I have an antenna of corresponding length to produce the wave I'm looking for.  Furthermore, we discuss and treat these waves as real, measurable "objects" that exist and can be manipulated.     Now, if I want to describe the behavior of my Microwave Oven in the framework of QM (let's pretend my oven is going to only produce 1 photon of energy corresponding to a wavelength of the microwave spectrum for simplicity) then I'll describe the behavior of that photon as a wavefunction that evolves over time and gives a probability distribution within my microwave that similarly does not allow the photon to pass through the safety grid and exit the oven cavity giving me a retinal burn.  The difference is, the wavefunction is never treated as something "real" in this description.  When the safety grid is described as working to protect you because it has holes smaller than the wavelength of the classical waves it's blocking, this is a useful description that seems to describe "real" objects/be-ables.  While it is possible to describe why an individual photon has low probability of passing through the same grid but extended physical properties such as wavelength (in space) are treated as non-real because we're dealing with a point particle and with behavior described by something we also treat as non-real (the wavefunction); it seems unclear to me why we insist this wave function which predicts behavior of physical measurements so well is somehow "non-real."    Put another way, if we have no problem treating EM waves as "Real," then why do we insist on treating the wavefunction that describes the same behavior as "unreal?"  I understand there is recent research (Eric Cavalcanti and his group for one) trying to argue this point, but as every respectable physics professor, I've ever encountered, has treated the wavefunction as an indisputably non-real mathematical tool, I needed to ask this community for an answer. For what powers $k$ is the polynomial $n^k-1$ divisible by $(n-1)^2$? Can't run "dpkg --add-architecture i386" on 12.04 64-bit to run eclipse ADT $X=(-\infty,0]\cup\left\{{1\over n}:n\in\mathbb N\right\}$ with subspace topology Then $X=(-\infty,0]\cup\left\{{1\over n}:n\in\mathbb N\right\}$ with subspace topology. Then   $0$ is an isolated point $(-2,0]$ is an open set $0$ is a limit point of the subset $\left\{{1\over n}:n\in\mathbb N\right\}$ $(-2,0)$ is open set.   $0$ is not an isolated point of $X$ as every nbd of $0$ contains a point of the form $1\over n$ so  $3$ is true and $1$ is false, $2$ is false as $0$ is not interior point, $4$ is true as every point is interior point. Am i right? How to quit Skype on Android? What counts as a 'large' raid 5 array? Why are symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices so important? I know the definition of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrix, but want to understand more.   Why are they so important, intuitively?  Here is what I know. What else?   For a given data, Co-variance matrix is SPD. Co-variance matrix is a important metric, see this  for intuitive explanation. The quadratic form $\frac 1 2 x^\top Ax-b^\top x +c$ is convex, if $A$ is SPD. Convexity is a nice property for a function that can make sure the local solution is global solution. For Convex problems, there are many good algorithms to solve, but not for non-covex problems. When $A$ is SPD, the optimization solution for the quadratic form $$\text{minimize}~~~ \frac 1 2 x^\top Ax-b^\top x +c$$ and the solution for linear system $$Ax=b$$ are the same. So we can run conversions between two classical problems. This is important because it enables us to use tricks discovered in one domain in the another. For example, we can use the conjugate gradient method to solve a linear system.  There are many good algorithms (fast, numerical stable) that work better for an SPD matrix, such as Cholesky decomposition.   EDIT: I am not trying ask the identities for SPD matrix, but the intuition behind the property to show the importance. For example, as mentioned by @Matthew Drury, if a matrix is SPD, Eigenvalues are all positive real numbers, but why all positive matters. @Matthew Drury had a great answer to flow and that is what I was looking for. Efficiently replace all accented characters in a string? Question on determinants of matrices changing between integer matrices The following problem came up from a though I had while reading:  Let's say we have $M=\mathbb{Z}^n$ and we have another free $\mathbb{Z}$-module, $N$, inside of $M$ also with rank $n$.  We know we can make a matrix $A$ that changes $N$ to its representation in $M$ (ie has as columns the basis $N$ expressed in coordinates coming from the basis of $M$). If the index of $N$ in $M$ is $m$, I am pretty sure just from tinkering that the determinant of $A$ should also be $m$, however, I have not been able to show this.  It is unclear to me how to proceed. I though maybe I could do something related to the points in $\mathbb{Z}^n$ that are within the unit box of $N$, but I cannot really make sense of this.  Thank you for any help or direction. Let $X$ be an arbitrary random variable  takes values in $\{0,1,2,...,10\}$. What are the minimum and  maximum values of variance of random variable $X$? Vertical Text in Wpf TextBlock Is it possible to display the text in a TextBlock vertically so that all letters are stacked upon each other (not rotated with LayoutTransform)?