What are these type of images called?
What is the name of this kind of character illustration?
How do I rip audio from a DVD? I remember reading a long time ago how you can rip the audio (music) from a DVD and convert it to a usable/readable format.  I can't find that article any more. Can anybody help me? What is virtual memory? I was double checking my notes for 'Virtual Memory' and the definition in my text book is:     Process of allocating a section of secondary storage to act as part of the main memory   Where as  says:     Virtual memory is a computer system technique which gives an application program the impression that it has contiguous working memory (an address space)   and (Wikipedia also says)     Note that "virtual memory" is more than just "using disk space to extend physical memory size"   Can anyone offer any clarification as to which is correct? Sometimes, I find that it is useful to do a Clay Render for my model, where all of the materials render with a single common "clay"-like material (see example image below). In the past, I have done this by:   Selecting all of my objects by using the A hotkey Manually deselecting the World object, camera, and lights in the Outliner Linking materials using Ctrl+L Manually setting to the same material in the Properties>Materials menu Render like normal   When I was done with my Clay render, I would revert to the old version by pressing Ctrl+Z a few time. However, this is a rather clunky solution, since I can't make any edits in the clay version without losing my old materials/textures data.  Is there a better way to do Clay renders, either with an addon or through some other technique such that I can make edits to my model and not lose my materials? If at all possible, I would like a single setting that allows me to quickly toggle clay-mode on and off in the same file.  Example "Clay Render": How do I size a UITextView to its content? Is there a good way to adjust the size of a UITextView to conform to its content? Say for instance I have a UITextView that contains one line of text:  "Hello world"   I then add another line of text:  "Goodbye world"   Is there a good way in Cocoa Touch to get the rect that will hold all of the lines in the text view so that I can adjust the parent view accordingly?  As another example, look at the notes' field for events in the Calendar application - note how the cell (and the UITextView it contains) expands to hold all lines of text in the notes' string. Why is the empty set considered an interval? Where has all the RAM gone? I have 1GB of RAM, and when I run NetBeans and Firefox, they get about 300MB of RAM. At some point, the system becomes very slow, probably 100 times slower than normal, switching windows (Alt+Tab) becomes a huge task and the computer is practically useless. This is probably the moment when it starts to swap.    Two questions:   According to images provided, where has all the RAM gone? When I calculate all the processes memory, it is far smaller then 1GB. Is it normal for system to become 100 times slower when the RAM is full and using swap space?   On another computer with 4GB of RAM I have no problems.     Update: I added 2GB of RAM, now I have 3GB. Anyone who wants to use heavy apps with 1GB on Unity, I don't think it's going to work. Works fine on an empty desktop :) What is the physical significance of dot & cross product of vectors? Why is division not defined for vectors? I get the physical significance of vector addition &amp; subtraction. But I don't understand what do dot &amp; cross products mean?   More specifically,    Why is it that dot product of vectors $\vec{A}$ and $\vec{B}$ is defined as $AB\cos\theta$? Why is it that cross product of vectors $\vec{A}$ and $\vec{B}$ is defined as $AB\sin\theta$, times a unit vector determined from the right-hand rule?   To me, both these formulae seem to be arbitrarily defined (although, I know that it definitely wouldn't be the case).   If the cross product could be defined arbitrarily, why can't we define division of vectors? What's wrong with that? Why can't vectors be divided? I am currently running a Dungeons and Dragons 4 campaign for a group of 9 players.  Whittling the group down to a more manageable size is not really an option since they are all family.  When we do combat it takes forever even if I have one player help me and allow them to go 2 at a time.  When we do story based adventure there are 2-3 players that do most of the talking and the others twiddle their thumbs.  I've tried encounters with many foes, encounters with only a few tough foes, dialog only encounters, social puzzle encounters, everything I can think of.  What else can I try to get this group more engaged? Is there a standard pronunciation for gender-neutral -@ or -x More and more I see, especially in activist communities, Spanish-derived words ending in x or @ in order to neuter the gendering inherent in the original language. For example: latinx (or latin@) as opposed to latina and latino. How, though, are these endings pronounced? Please provide evidence of how this orthography is most commonly pronounced. Note 1: I recognize this is in an English Language site, rather than a Spanish language site, but this phenomenon is very much happening in English, albeit with Spanish loan words. Therefore the question is relevant to non-Spanish-speaking English speakers. Note 2: A question like this can lead to politically charged or, at least, sarcastic comments. Please refrain from bringing in your biases for or against. Note 3: This question is not seeking opinions as to how some people pronounce the suffixes. Answers should address evidence of a developing orthodoxy in pronunciation. Are the foods in the Star Wars Universe the same as ours'? Do they have strawberries or potatoes or something? I know that they might have some food other than the food that we also have, but I'm wondering if they have any food like ours'. How to put legend below the chart? I have the following code that produces a line chart:  \begin{figure}[p]     \centering \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[     use units,     cycle list name=exotic, %This defines the color. It produces nicer colors         width=15cm, height=8cm,     % size of the image         grid = major,         grid style={dashed, gray!30},         %xmode=log,log basis x=10,         %ymode=log,log basis y=10,         xmin=0,     % start the diagram at this x-coordinate         ymin=0,     % start the diagram at this y-coordinate         %/pgfplots/xtick={0,5,...,60}, % make steps of length 5         %extra x ticks={23},         %extra y ticks={0.507297},         axis background/.style={fill=white},         ylabel=Time,         xlabel=Number of Datapoints (n),         y unit=s,y unit prefix=m,         tick align=outside]        % import the correct data from a CSV file       \addplot table [col sep=comma,trim cells=true,y=Best Case (Ascending)] {datasets/time_mergesort.txt};           \addplot table [col sep=comma,trim cells=true,y=Average Case (Random)] {datasets/time_mergesort.txt};                     \addplot table [col sep=comma,trim cells=true,y=Worst Case (Descending)] {datasets/time_mergesort.txt};                      \legend{Ascending,Random,Descending}     \end{axis}  \end{tikzpicture}     \caption{Mergesort Run Time for Sorting Random Data}     \label{fig:merge_sort_from_csv} \end{figure}   And at the moment the legend appears on the chart on the upper right corner. I need to move that below the chart, or even to leave that on the chart but to move that on the upper left corner.   I have tried the solution mentioned at , but it did not work for me.  How can I move the axis in a different position? Pre-image of a measurable set A is always measurable? How can I make a .jar file executable? Do you say "I like apple" or "I like apples"? When stating a general fact/preference on countable nouns, singular or plural is more suitable and natural? Example 1 :  I like apple. or I like apples.  Example 2:  I like eating apple. or I like eating apples. SQL Server 2016 memory optimised table: Precreated files constantly growing I have a memory optimised table in SQL Server 2016, with file durability enabled. The table is only 100MB. SQL Server is constantly creating new files on disk, which start off at a few hundred MB, but then grow constantly until the drive runs out of space then they clear down and the process starts again. The files are growing at about 900MB an hour. Running the SQL below shows that all the space is in Precreated Data - so it's not even actually storing large amounts of data, just allocating space to use later.  SELECT state_desc, file_type_desc, COUNT(*) AS [count],    SUM(file_size_in_bytes) / 1024 / 1024 AS [on-disk size MB]    FROM sys.dm_db_xtp_checkpoint_files   GROUP BY state, state_desc, file_type, file_type_desc   ORDER BY state, file_type     File growth on the file group is set to unlimited, so I'm assuming I can set a value on this and stop it growing, but I can't find anything to say why it's allocating so much space in the first place. The data in the table does change very rapidly (a lot of inserts and deletes as the data is constantly processed, but it the data that isn't Precreated never gets over 4GB.  Is there a setting in SQL Server that controls this file precreation? Is it safe to set a limit on the autogrowth for the file group? Why is my starting gravity low? In the fall of 2011 I made the leap from extract/partial kits to all-grain kits. I'm enjoying AG, but my SG is continuously below the expected. I have brewed 5 AG kits and 4 have had a low SG.   My assumption is my sugar extraction during mashing (or sparging) isn't optimal. I heat my mash water to 165 and mash the grains for 60 minutes. Mashing levels out at 152. For Lautering I heat the water to 175-180. After I drain the initial mash I add the lautering water and let that soak for 10 minutes. the temperature levels out around 170-172. Then I drain into the kettle and being the boil.  I aim for a gentle boil just enough to break the surface tension. I boil for 60 minutes, chill, rack, take a reading and pitch yeast.  Here are some of the numbers  type            expected     actual  kit st paul porter  1.052        1.039   http://www.northernbrewer.com/shop/st-paul-porter-all-grain-kit.html belgium strong  1.067        1.055   http://www.midwestsupplies.com/superior-strong-ale-all-grain-kit.html troegs hop back 1.063        1.049   http://www.byo.com/stories/recipeindex/article/recipes/90-american-amber-a-pale-ale/2196-troeegs-hopback-amber-ale-clone   The fuorth was the Phat Tyre kit from Northern Brewer. Can't remember the SG though. It was low. They taste great, but the numbers weren't "right". What can I adjust so the numbers are more inline with the recipe?   Update Thank you for all the feedback. There are a number of factors for me to review and adjust. Given my current setup I will follow @mdma advice and recirculate the wort once and extend lautering to 30 minutes.  It will be a week or two before I can attempt this, so it will be awhile before I report back again.  Update #2 I now have some awesome local contacts who are helping me out with technique and trouble shooting. Another (major) issue I could be experiencing is draining the wort way too fast. According to my friend. The drain should be low and slow after cycling a gallon or 2 of wort. sparging should take ~2 hours. for each gallon drained plato/brix should drop 3 points and go no lower than 3-5 points at the end.  the second recommendation is to heat up 3-5 gallons of water to 180 and poor it in prior to/while sparging.  my first attempt using this technique proved successful with the gravity being a lot closer to the anticipated OG. I had some temp issues with the batch, but I was so focused on sparging that I ignored the temp. My guess is I would have been right on if my temp didn't fall so low.  Update #3 I had the chance to brew with my mentor this weekend and he pointed out 2 glaring problems with my mashing technique.   Starting mash temp is too low. I was heating my water to 10-12 degrees above target temp. He recommends 17 degrees. between grain absorption &amp; the tun itself most of the heat dissipates within the first few minutes. This does go against what I originally said. That I was hitting my temp marks. Looking back I was hasty with my readings. I should not dump my sparge water (or lauter?) into the tun while draining the wort. The idea is to compact the liquid into the bottom of the tun thus compacting the sugars. I am stirring up the mash when I dump all sparge water in. We kept our sparge water 1-2 inches above the grain bed and our final results we excellent.   A 3rd recommendation he made was to lower the pH of the water. tap water is ~7 and the ideal mash pH is 5.2. He added a solvent, which I cannot remember the name of, which did this for us. I'll be picking up some of that this weekend.  Thanks to all who helped me out with this problem. So the stories of the Hunger Games are set in , a post-apocalyptic society situated in North America. Is there anything to explain what caused the Apocalypse? Whether from the main books, any extra material or interviews? (No fanfic please.)  As well as the cause, is there any indication of when the apocalypse happened? And how long after the apocalypse are the events of the Hunger Games? Chat is down. Where can I find when it'll be back up? Chat is down network-wide. Where can I find when it'll be back up? Can virtual particle have mass? Do all virtual particle travel at light speed in a vacuum? else wouldn't that imply they should have rest mass however tiny? When they pop back out of existence do their mass disappear instantly? BTW what is the heaviest virtual particle ever found? I am new to Ubuntu, but I believe I have Ubuntu 11.10 installed correctly.  I am trying to install Acroread using AdbeRdr9.4.6-1_i386linux_enu.deb that I downloaded from the Adobe web site.  How do I do this?