Is this sentence grammatical: "all there is, are idiolects?"
"The thing is, is that..."
Do these define metrics on $\mathbb{R}$? I need to run a bash script at boot-time as superuser in Xubuntu. I don't know where to start. I have to do something described in a Arch Linux guide. That guide says exactly:     Add following at the end of the file : /etc/rc.sysinit   # Do my action /etc/rc.d/do_my_action  /bin/dmesg &gt;| /var/log/dmesg.log   But I do not have /etc/rc.sysinit and /etc/rc.d/ in Xubuntu. I'm sure there are equivalent ones, right? I was writing test classes for my apex Rest Service that I had built for an Ipad app.  I noted some very interesting things while experimenting. Before doing anything, I just did a google search and found an interesting blog post by Jeff.    @RestResource(urlMapping='/v.9/member/*/results/*')  global with sharing class MemberRestSvc {  @HttpGet  global static ReturnClass doGet() {  String[] uriKeys = RestContext.request.requestURI.split('/'); // get the member name from the uri String memberName = uriKeys.get(uriKeys.size()-3);  // do awesome programming stuff here &amp; catch any exceptions try {    List&lt;Contact&gt; contacts = [Select Id From Contact where member_name__c = :memberName];   return new ReturnClass('true', 'Query executed successfully.', contacts);  } catch (Exception e) {   return new ReturnClass('false', e.getMessage(), null); }   }   global class ReturnClass {  global String success; global String message; global List&lt;Contact&gt; records;    global ReturnClass(String success, String message, List&lt;Contact&gt; records) {   this.success = success;   this.message = message;   this.records = records;  }  }  }   And here is the test class  @isTest private class Test_MemberRestSvc {  static { // setup test data   }  static testMethod void testDoGet() {  RestRequest req = new RestRequest();  RestResponse res = new RestResponse();  req.requestURI = 'https://cs9.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/v.9/member/me/results/today';   req.httpMethod = 'GET'; RestContext.request = req; RestContext.response = res;  MemberRestSvc.ReturnClass results = MemberRestSvc.doGet();  System.assertEquals('true', results.success); System.assertEquals(10, results.records.size()); System.assertEquals('Query executed successfully.', results.message);  }  }   I just commented a few lines and ran and it. I still achieved enough test coverage so my question is why do I need to simply instantiate the Rest request and response objects since I am directly calling the class?    @isTest   private class Test_MemberRestSvc {    static {     // setup test data     }  static testMethod void testDoGet() {  /*RestRequest req = new RestRequest();  RestResponse res = new RestResponse();  req.requestURI =    'https://cs9.salesforce.com/services/apexrest/v.9/member/me/results/today';   req.httpMethod = 'GET'; RestContext.request = req; RestContext.response = res; */Commented the code meant for REST apex intialization and merely calling the method!!  MemberRestSvc.ReturnClass results = MemberRestSvc.doGet();  System.assertEquals('true', results.success); System.assertEquals(10, results.records.size()); System.assertEquals('Query executed successfully.', results.message);  }  }   Can someone explain this behavior? Also what are the best practices for writing Test classes for apex Rest services? Which one should should I use? For some reason I have always used "towards", but I see some people saying "toward", like :     A great deal of his work in economic   theory has been directed toward   strengthening the foundations of our   understanding of central banking and   social insurance--indeed, one of my   most advanced macroeconomic classes   was nothing but a set of changes rung   upon a particular model that Peter   Diamond had advanced at...   Is there a difference between the two? When should they be used? How to fix broken taskbar icons in Windows 7 What is the default bibliography package and backend in LaTeX? According to , biblatex and natbib are packages while biber and bibtex are backends. If I don't specify either any package or any backend, it still compiles fine. Which package and backend combination is being used in this case?  demo.tex  \documentclass{article} \begin{document}  \nocite{*} \bibliographystyle{ieeetr} \bibliography{pub}  \end{document}   pub.bib  @article{janssen1996evaluation,     title={Evaluation of the DNA fingerprinting method AFLP as a new tool in bacterial taxonomy},     author={Janssen, Paul and Coopman, Renata and Huys, Geert and Swings, Jean and Bleeker, Marjo and Vos, Pieter and Zabeau, Marc and Kersters, Karel},     journal={Microbiology},     volume={142},     number={7},     pages={1881--1893},     year={1996},     publisher={Soc General Microbiol} }  @article{vos1995aflp,     title={AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting},     author={Vos, Pieter and Hogers, Rene and Bleeker, Marjo and Reijans, Martin and Van de Lee, Theo and Hornes, Miranda and Friters, Adrie and Pot, Jerina and Paleman, Johan and Kuiper, Martin and others},     journal={Nucleic acids research},     volume={23},     number={21},     pages={4407--4414},     year={1995},     publisher={Oxford Univ Press} } Changing top, bottom, left & right margins on the fly I’m trying to find a way of being able to modify all of the margins of a page whenever I want to and as many times as I want to on a single page in order to be able to put text very easily where I want on a page.   I have thought of using the geometry package and using   \newgeometry{left=6.75cm, right=1cm, top=1cm, bottom=1cm}  %…  \restoregeometry   but unfortunately this only works for whole pages, so I can only change the margins once per page (and then they are valid for the whole page without having the possibility of changing them again).   I found the following script on the internet which enables users to change margins on the fly, just as I want to. The code below works fine and enables me to change the left and right margins of my page as many times as I want to, but unfortunately, it doesn’t give me the option of changing the top and bottom margins.  % placed before \begin{document}  \newenvironment{changemargin}[2]{% \begin{list}{}{% \setlength{\leftmargin}{#1}% \setlength{\rightmargin}{#2}% }% \item[]} {\end{list}}  % And then inside the document, whenever I want to use % the command to change the margins on the current page  \begin{changemargin}{1.9875cm}{-3.7625cm} % this means the left margin increases by 1.9875cm compared % to the default left margin (4.7625cm) (so left margin=6.75cm here) % and the right margin decreases by 3.7625cm (so right margin=1cm)  % ... (text or pictures in new environment)  \end{changemargin}   For this reason, I tried to adapt the code above and came up with the code below:  % placed before \begin{document} \newenvironment{changemargin}[3]{% \begin{list}{}{% \setlength{\leftmargin}{#1}% \setlength{\rightmargin}{#2}% \setlength{\topmargin}{#3}% }% \item[]} {\end{list}}  % And then to use the command: \begin{changemargin}{1.9875cm}{-3.7625cm}{1cm} % ... \end{changemargin}   It compiles and still changes the left and right margins but the top margin remains unchanged. (I haven’t yet tried to change the bottom margin).  Can anyone help me get this code to work completely, and enable me to modify the left, right, top and bottom margins of a page? Thanks. 4 cards are drawn from a pack without replacement. What is the probability of getting all 4 from different suits?  Here's how I tried to solve:  For the first draw, we have 52 cards, and we have to pick one suit. So, probability for this is $\frac{13}{52}$.  For the second draw, only 51 cards are left. The second suit has to be selected, so there are 13 cards from that suit. The probability is $\frac{13}{51}$.  Similarly, the third and fourth draw have probabilities $\frac{13}{50}$ and $\frac{13}{49}$ respectively.  Since the draws are independent, the total probability becomes $$\frac{13}{52} \times \frac{13}{51} \times \frac{13}{50} \times \frac{13}{49}$$  But my book says the answer is $\frac{{13\choose 1} \times {13 \choose 1} \times {13\choose1} \times {13\choose1}}{52 \choose 4}$.  My answer differs by a factor of $4!$. What did I do wrong? How can I create launcher icon for PhpStorm? What is a word for someone without allegiance? How do I install OpenStack? Proof maximum number of equidistant points for a given dimension The question is quite straight forward, on $\mathbb{R}^2$ the maximum number of equidistant distinct points that can be layed (using the euclidean distance) is 3, forming thus an equilateral triangle. On $\mathbb{R}^3$ the maximum number of points is 4, forming thus a tetrahedon. My question is quite simple, is the maximum number of points that can be layed in $\mathbb{R}^n$ equal to $n+1$? Why does Vader live on Mustafar? In Rogue One, we get our first glimpse of Darth Vader's primary residence - a castle on Mustafar.  Given the freedom to choose any planet in the galaxy as their new home, I don't think many people would pick the place where they had three limbs chopped off, fell into a lava flow, and were burned alive, but this appears to be what Vader did.   Why does Vader live on Mustafar of all places? I am looking for a reference which has a self-contained (elementary, that is, at the "undergraduate algebra level") proof of the the fact that any one-dimensional Noetherian UFD is a PID. Does anyone know such a reference?   (Note: I have looked at the similar questions on this website but don't find them particularly useful). What is object serialization? biblatex: Tighter integration of \textcite "in the flow of text" This question led to a new feature in a package:      Many biblatex citation styles feature the \textcite command which is "intended for use in the flow of text, replacing the subject of a sentence" (manual, section 3.6.2). At the moment, this works well for citations of single works -- e.g. (assuming the authoryear style), one may write in the source  The reference work is \textcite{knuth:ct:a}.   which will be typeset as     The reference work is Knuth (1984).   Citing multiple works, on the other hand, is somewhat tedious. If one simply writes (1):  Important works are \textcite{knuth:ct:a,knuth:ct:b,markey}.   the output is rather a list than a correct sentence (2):     Important works are Knuth (1984); Knuth (1986); Markey (2005).   One has to write (3):  Important works are \textcite{knuth:ct:a}, \textcite{knuth:ct:b}, and \textcite{markey}.   to get (4):     Important works are Knuth (1984), Knuth (1986), and Markey (2005).   Can \textcite be modified so that input (1) will yield output (4), hereby achieving a tighter integration "in the flow of text"?  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage[style=authoryear]{biblatex}  \addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}  \begin{document}  This is how \texttt{\textbackslash textcite} currently works:\\ Important works are \textcite{knuth:ct:a,knuth:ct:b,markey}.  \bigskip  But I'd like \texttt{\textbackslash textcite} to output the following:\\ Important works are \textcite{knuth:ct:a}, \textcite{knuth:ct:b}, and \textcite{markey}.  \printbibliography  \end{document} Is there any way to script Windows 10's "color filter" feature programmatically? In Walter Rudin's Principles of mathematical analysis Exercise 5.21, it is proved that for any closed subset $E\subseteq \mathbb{R}$, there exists a smooth function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}$ such that $E=\{x\in \mathbb{R}\mid f(x)=0\}$.   Since $E^c$ is open in $\mathbb{R}$, $E^c$ is a countable disjoint union of open intervals $(a_i,b_i)$. On an interval $(a,b)$, if we let $f(x)=\exp(\frac{1}{(x-a)(x-b)})$, $x\in(a,b)$; $f(x)=0$, $x\notin(a,b)$, ($f(x)=\exp(\frac{1}{(x-a)})$ or $f(x)=\exp(\frac{1}{(x-b)})$ on $(a,\infty)$ and $(-\infty,b)$ resp.), then $f$ is smooth. Hence we can get a smooth function on $\mathbb{R}$ such that $E$ is the zero point sets of $f$.  (1). How about a closed subset $E$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$? is it true that for any closed subset $E\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$, there exists a smooth function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ such that $E=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^n\mid f(x)=0\}$?  An open set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ cannot be written as a disjoint union of countable open balls hence the proof above is not valid. The partition of unity only claims that for an  open set $U$, there exists open $V$ in $U$ such that $\bar V\subseteq U$ and a smooth function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$ such that $supp f\subseteq U$, $f|_V=1$.   (2). The taylor series of $f(x)=\exp(\frac{1}{(x-a)(x-b)})$ does not converge around points $a,b$ hence $f$ is not analytic at $a,b$. Is it true that for any closed subset $E\subseteq \mathbb{R}$, there exists an analytic function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}$ such that $E=\{x\in \mathbb{R}\mid f(x)=0\}$? Drupal SA-CORE-2014-005 - How to tell if my server / sites were compromised? I just updated all my sites using the patch method of resolving the Drupal SA-CORE-2014-005 exploit. I just read reports that just yesterday there is someone from a Russian IP infiltrating drupal sites.     My main concerns are now:   How do I tell if my sites have been comprised? What should I search for in my apache access logs to detect if my site was a victim or not? So far what are these hackers doing to comprised sites? How do I convert my PhD dissertation so that it can be published as a book? I have just completed a PhD by research, which I think has some merits in being available as a book (This is, of course, my personal opinion). The research cuts across several fields (e.g. sociology, public policy).  I am wondering what I need to do to take the next step.  In particular:   How do you turn an academic piece like the dissertation (which is written for the examiners) into a book (which is for the general public)? How do I find publishers who specialise in my field?