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How does the 'passwd' command gain root user permissions? How does Linux know that it has to give euid 0 (uid of root) to only certain process like passwd, setuid, etc.  If a process can gain root permissions, will it not lead to potential security breaches in the Linux platform?   For example, if I write a program that can can gain root user permissions like passwd, I may corrupt important system files like /etc/passwd, /etc/groups.   How does Linux manage to still be secure? What is difference between int.class and Integer.TYPE in java? Why was Peeves in Hogwarts? Peeves was a poltergeist. It generally irritated people and rather then helping them as well as making fun of them.   Why was Peeves in the school? What is/was the job or work assigned to Peeves? Formatting doubles for output in C# My Windows folder takes up too much space - how can I reduce it? In typical PCs the Size of Windows Folder is 6 to 8 GB but in my Case its 25GB. How can I delete the unwanted files from the Windows Folder (which, in turn, will optimize my C Drive size).  My system is Windows 7 with 60 GB in C Drive with 59 GB occupied. /proc/PID/fd/X link number Quotient ring of Gaussian integers A very basic ring theory question, which I am not able to solve. How does one show that    $\mathbb{Z}[i]/(3-i) \cong \mathbb{Z}/10\mathbb{Z}$. Extending the result: $\mathbb{Z}[i]/(a-ib) \cong \mathbb{Z}/(a^{2}+b^{2})\mathbb{Z}$, if $a,b$ are relatively prime.   My attempt was to define a map, $\varphi:\mathbb{Z}[i] \to \mathbb{Z}/10\mathbb{Z}$ and show that the kernel is the ideal generated by $\langle{3-i\rangle}$. But I couldn't think of such a map. Anyhow, any ideas would be helpful. What is the relationship between a chi squared test and test of equal proportions? Suppose that I have three populations with four, mutually exclusive characteristics.  I take random samples from each population and construct a crosstab or frequency table for the characteristics that I am measuring.  Am I correct in saying that:   If I wanted to test whether there is any relationship between the populations and the characteristics (e.g. whether one population has a higher frequency of one of the characteristics), I should run a chi-squared test and see whether the result is significant. If the chi-squared test is significant, it only shows me that there is some relationship between the populations and characteristics, but not how they are related. Furthermore, not all of the characteristics need to be related to the population.  For example, if the different populations have significantly different distributions of characteristics A and B, but not of C and D, then the chi-squared test may still come back as significant. If I wanted to measure whether or not a specific characteristic is affected by the population, then I can run a test for equal proportions (I have seen this called a z-test, or as prop.test() in R) on just that characteristic.   In other words, is it appropriate to use the prop.test() to more accurately determine the nature of a relationship between two sets of categories when the chi-squared test says that there is a significant relationship? Safari Extension to Manage Tabs? I'm looking for a more efficient way to manage my tabs in Safari. Specifically something that allows me to move multiple tabs at once to a new window.  I often find myself following a link for a new subject/idea, then another, and so on and so on, until I find myself with a dozen tabs that should really be in their own window, but it's a pain to manually find and drag each one. I'd love to be able to do it in one fell swoop. Any suggestions? I am searching for [free] software that can produce nice looking graphical models, e.g.     Any suggestions would be appreciated. are used by the Empire in a manner that is tactically identical to how a modern day army would use a tank, in that they are used as shock armour with powerful main guns which will punch through entrenched positions. (No combined arms tactics were used in the Battle of Hoth, but that's a different question altogether)  However, AT-AT walkers have a number of (rather lethal) drawbacks and no advantages that I can see compared to tanks.    They have footpads in place of treads, which greatly increase their ground pressure, and which will cause them to easily sink as compared to treads They have a high center of gravity and can be easily tripped, which was exploited in the Battle of Hoth. (granted that this was canonically presented as an oversight, albeit a rather stupid one, since most martial arts strongly emphasise lowering your CG.) They are slower than a modern main battle tank despite their long legs, which one would normally expect to grant additional mobility (max speed 60km/h on flat terrain, compared to 72km/h on flat terrain for the ). This is exacerbated by the fact that AT-AT walkers are using fusion power cells as compared to diesel engines.   It would seem that it would make far more sense for the Empire to remove the legs and mount the main chassis on treads, which would make the vehicle far more effective. Why then, did they not do this? It clearly was not the case that imperial Engineers lacked imagination, as they did produce .   Possible answers which I find implausible as advantages:  1: AT-AT walkers are tall, and therefore have a surveying advantage over the battlefield / have a better vantage point to fire from  Orbital satellites can provide the observation, and in any case air/orbital support should always be called in, especially if fire support from above is required. What are beginner’s books on typography? Convergence of $\sum\limits_{n=2}^\infty \frac{1}{n^\alpha \ln^\beta (n)} $ for nonnegative $\alpha$ and $\beta$ Study the convergence of the following series: $$\sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac{1}{n^\alpha \cdot\ln^\beta(n)} \text{ where }\alpha,\beta \geq 0 $$   Applying d'Alembert criterion I have that $$ \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{n^\alpha  \ln^\beta(n)}{(n+1)^\alpha  \ln^\beta (n+1)} = \lim_{n\to\infty} \left(\frac{n}{n+1}\right)^\alpha\left(\frac{\ln(n)}{\ln (n+1)}\right)^\beta = 1$$ so the nature of the series is inconclusive.  If $\alpha = \beta = 0$, then the series diverges, since $\sum_{n=2}^\infty 1 = \infty$.  Should I study the rest of the cases (i.e. if $\alpha = 0, \beta &gt; 0$ the root test and the ratio test are also inconclusive). What is the best form to study the series?.  Thanks in advance Dealing with suggested edits on question to be closed as duplicate I need to run a bash script at boot-time as superuser in Xubuntu. I don't know where to start. I have to do something described in a Arch Linux guide. That guide says exactly:     Add following at the end of the file : /etc/rc.sysinit   # Do my action /etc/rc.d/do_my_action  /bin/dmesg &gt;| /var/log/dmesg.log   But I do not have /etc/rc.sysinit and /etc/rc.d/ in Xubuntu. I'm sure there are equivalent ones, right? The school where I work has an S when it is an acronym (NEGS) it looks odd with an apostrophe to show ownership e.g. NEGS' tennis team...any thoughts? How can I make Windows Paint save by default as JPEG format? Every time I want to save an image I've pasted into the  application, it chooses a BMP/DIB format (which is the worst for saving things from the clipboard).  How can I hack Paint into defaulting to the JPEG format when saving images?  I am using Windows XP SP3 and Paint 5.1 at the moment. I hope though that any hacks might be generic and I'd be able to use them across all my Windows machines. How do I reset a lost password (using recovery mode requires me to type the password)? hide div if clicked outside of it Fiction novel or movie about sentient dinosaurs I remember parts of a story about some researchers finding a society of sentient dinosaurs. I believe they lived underground. From what I recall there were some steam punk elements and I think crystals were important.  From what I recall (this might be wrong) there was a book and also a movie about that story.  In the process, humans lived with these dinosaurs. I am not sure if that was like that from the beginning or if that happened later.  Any idea what that story might be?