Can I install ubuntu over Vista on a laptop computer?
How do I install Ubuntu?
How to exclude a package from apt-get autoremove? I'm in a situation where the list of orphaned packages to be removed by apt-get autoremove includes a package that I want to keep. Apparently I have accidentally removed a package which was depending on it. How can I now mark the package as explicitly desired, so that apt-get autoremove will not remove it? Word for a person who knows two or three languages A polyglot is a person who is fluent in many languages, but what do we call a person who is fluent in only two or three languages?  Is bi-glot a proper term for this?  I don't think the words bilingual / trilingual fit the bill, because I am looking for a -glot word. Programmatically Create X509 Certificate using OpenSSL $(\mathbb{R}^n,\|\cdot\|_{p})$ is isometrically isomorphic to $(\mathbb{R}^n,\|\cdot\|_{q})$ iff $p=q,$ Does $x^2 - y^2 = 12345678$ (x,y are integers) have any solutions? On the Bash on Ubuntu on Windows app, I only have   root@localhost:~# ls -a     .bash_history  .bashrc  .profile   How do I access all of the Windows folders like Documents, Downloads, etc.? When & how did Yoda come to know about the Rule of Two? Using Image exportToDrive in Google Earth Engine? I want to export image to drive for my roi. For this i have specified a geometry(roi). But exported map doesn't cover the area specified and it's not showing the color palette. Is there any possible way to export a colored image (which shows in my layer) to Drive? Why it's not covering the region I have specified. Problem is in export.To.Drive section. But all the codes are given to check error that i did.  Code was:    var region = ee.FeatureCollection('users/karmakersourav/shape')   .filter(ee.Filter.eq('NAME_1', 'Chittagong'));   var addNDVI = function(image) {     var ndvi= image.normalizedDifference(['B4', 'B3']).rename('NDVI');     return image.addBands(ndvi);   };    var cloudMask = function(image) {     var clouds = ee.Algorithms.Landsat.simpleCloudScore(image).select(['cloud']);     return image.updateMask(clouds.lt(25));   };   // Select the land mask.   var landMask = function(image) {   var datamask = hansenImage.select('datamask');   // Create a binary mask.   var mask = datamask.eq(1);   return image.updateMask(mask);   };     // Load a Landsat collection, apply the NDVI and cloud/water masking functions over it.   var collection1 = ee.ImageCollection('LANDSAT/LE07/C01/T1_RT_TOA')     .filterBounds(region)     .filterDate('2008-01-01','2008-12-31')     .map(addNDVI)     .map(cloudMask)     .map(landMask)     .select('NDVI') ;   print(collection1);     //reducer   var annualNDVI = collection1.reduce(ee.Reducer.median());   var region_NDVI = annualNDVI.reduceRegions({     collection: region,     reducer: ee.Reducer.median(),     scale: 30 // the resolution of the dataset   });     var ndviParams = {min: -1, max: 1, palette: ['blue', 'white','green']};   var boundParams = {palette: ['black']};   Map.addLayer(annualNDVI.clip(region), ndviParams, 'NDVI', 1);    Map.addLayer(region, boundParams, 'LA', 1);    //here's the problem  Export.image.toDrive({    image: annualNDVI,    description: 'CTG_NDVi',    scale: 30,    region: roi,    fileFormat: 'GeoTIFF',    maxPixels: 1e12,    formatOptions: {       cloudOptimized: true     }   });     My imports was:  var image = ee.Image("UMD/hansen/global_forest_change_2015_v1_3"),       region = ee.FeatureCollection("users/karmakersourav/shape"),       hansenImage = ee.Image("UMD/hansen/global_forest_change_2015"),       roi = /* color: #98ff00 */ee.Geometry.Polygon(           [[[91.26571433292804, 22.382447200369512],           [91.70516745792804, 22.24015355729955],           [91.81503073917804, 21.50608889294255],           [91.99081198917804, 21.158146277513005],           [92.36434714542804, 20.74775339022756],           [92.38631980167804, 21.362918378188724],           [92.68868864595584, 21.285515736407884],           [92.66671598970584, 22.12251851402064],           [92.42501677095584, 22.964696114885136],           [92.43600309908084, 23.237540932485988],           [92.31515348970584, 23.620600408965007],           [92.21627653658084, 23.781555321668222],           [92.04049528658084, 23.691042604440895],           [91.90865934908084, 23.731278240693108],           [91.89767302095584, 23.47960242153599],           [91.75485075533084, 23.28800680321665],           [91.77682341158084, 23.08602889002461],           [91.61202848970584, 22.99503954262493],           [91.46920622408084, 23.277915158047364],           [91.34835661470584, 23.308187798303887],           [91.22750700533084, 23.600467103459394],           [91.28243864595584, 23.872005072934794],           [91.32638395845584, 24.082808607079368],           [91.24947966158084, 24.263221977268092],           [91.06271208345584, 24.223152164577193],           [90.73312223970584, 23.88205115062075],           [90.63424528658084, 23.660857737733508],           [90.54635466158084, 23.328365731356676],           [90.65621794283084, 22.83312931280329],           [90.98580778658084, 22.437667249990497],           [90.98580778658084, 22.071621721722586]]]); Are static class instances unique to a request or a server in ASP.NET? On an ASP.NET website, are static classes unique to each web request, or are they instantiated whenever needed and GCed whenever the GC decides to disposed of them?  The reason I ask is because I've written some static classes before in C# and the behavior is different than I would have expected. I would have expected static classes to be unique to each request, but it doesn't seem like that is the case.  If they are not unique to each request, is there a way to allow them to be?  UPDATE: The answer driis gave me was exactly what I needed. I was already using a singleton class, however it was using a static instance and therefore was being shared between requests even if the users were different which in this case was a bad thing. Using HttpContext.Current.Items solves my problem perfectly. For anyone who stumbles upon this question in the future, here is my implementation, simplified and shortened so that it easy to understand the pattern:  using System.Collections; using System.Web;  public class GloballyAccessibleClass {     private GloballyAccessibleClass() { }      public static GloballyAccessibleClass Instance     {         get         {             IDictionary items = HttpContext.Current.Items;             if(!items.Contains("TheInstance"))             {                 items["TheInstance"] = new GloballyAccessibleClass();             }             return items["TheInstance"] as GloballyAccessibleClass;         }     } } Linear Discriminant Analysis for $p=1$ I'm studying 'Introduction to Statistical Learning' by James, Witten, Hastie, Tibshirani.   In page 139, of their book, they began by introducing Bayes' Theorem $p_k(X)=P(Y=k|X=x) = \dfrac{\pi_kf_k(x)}{\sum_{l=1}^k \pi_l f_l(x)}$. $\pi$ is not mathematical constant, but denotes the prior probability. Nothing is strange in this equation.   The book claims that it wants to obtain an estimate for $f_k(x)$ that it can plug into the equation given above. To estimate $f_k(x)$, it assumes that is normal. In the one dimensional setting, $f_k(x)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma}\exp(-\dfrac{1}{2\sigma^2}(x-\mu_k)^2)$, where $\mu_k$ and $\sigma^2_k$ are the mean and variance for the $k$th class. It is assumed that $\sigma^2_1 = \sigma^2_2 = \cdots = \sigma^2_K$. (I began to get confused from the last statement.)   Plugging $f_k$ into $p_x$, you have this quite messy equation (1) :   $$p_x(k)=\dfrac{\pi_k \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma}\exp(-\frac{1}{2\sigma^2}(x-\mu_k)^2)}{\sum_{l=1}^K \pi_l \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma}\exp(-\frac{1}{2\sigma^2}(x-\mu_l)^2)}. $$  Again, no surprises here since it is just substitution.     The Bayes' Classifier involves assigning an observation to the class for which equation (1) is the largest. Taking the log of Equation (1) and rearranging terms, it is not hard to show that this is equivalent to assigning the observation to the class for which the following is the largest:  $$\delta_k(x)=x \cdot \dfrac{\mu_k}{\sigma^2} - \dfrac{\mu_k^2}{2\sigma^2} + \log(\pi_k) $$  Question: I do not understand where this came from, and what it means. I tried doing the log of equation and it doesn't become this. Are we taking the derivative somewhere here, since this is the largest observation? Encountering a FileSystemRights value that isn't defined in enumeration How to get a mission to continue the story? I got Destiny and I did the first mission where the guy wakes up and has to get to his ship. Now I'm stuck in the tower. There are no mission notifications or anything. How can I get the next mission and start it? While I was reading Enderton's "A mathematical introduction to Logic", I came across the proof of the following sentence: "The set of all finite sequences of members of the countable set A is also countable".   Proof: The set S of all such finite sequences can be characterized by the equation  $$S=\bigcup_{n \in N} A^{n+1}$$ Since A is countable, we have a function f mapping A one-to-one into N. The basic idea is to map S one-to-one into N by assigning to $(a_0,a_1,...,a_m)$ the number $2^{f(a_0)+1}3^{f(a_1)+1}\cdot ... \cdot p_m^{f(a_m)+1}$, where $p_m$ is the $(m+1)$st prime. This suffers from the defect that this assignment might not be well-defined. For conceivably there could be $(a_0,a_1,...,a_m)=(b_0,b_1,...,b_n)$, with $a_i$ and $b_j$ in A but with $m\neq n$. But this is not serious; just assign to each member of S the smallest number obtainable in the above fashion. This gives us a well-defined map; it is easy to see that it is one-to-one.  Note: P is a finite sequence of members of A iff for some positive integer $n$, we have $P=(x_1,...,x_n)$, where each $x_i \in A$.  First of all, I cannot understand why the former assignment might not be well-defined and the latter assignment is well-defined. Secondly, I cannot understand what Enderton means by "just assign to each member of S the smallest number obtainable in the above fashion". By the way, is $(a,b,c,d) = ((a,b),(c,d))$ true? Also, in which cases can I omit/add parentheses in a tuple so as to have an equal tuple? In the standard PrintDialog there are four values associated with a selected printer: Status, Type, Where, and Comment.  If I know a printer's name, how can I get these values in C# 2.0? How to download Ubuntu over an unreliable connection I can see by manipulating the expression why $\mathbb{E}X$ works out to be $\int_0^\infty 1-F(x)\,dx$, where $F$ is the distribution function of $X$, but what is an intuitive explanation for why that is true? If at each point we sum the probability $\mathbb{P}(X&gt;x)$, why should we end up with the expectation?  Thanks In PHP, how do you change the key of an array element? I have an associative array in the form key =&gt; value where key is a numerical value, however it is not a sequential numerical value. The key is actually an ID number and the value is a count. This is fine for most instances, however I want a function that gets the human-readable name of the array and uses that for the key, without changing the value.  I didn't see a function that does this, but I'm assuming I need to provide the old key and new key (both of which I have) and transform the array. Is there an efficient way of doing this? Running two MySQL servers that use the same data directory How can I overwrite/print over the current line in Windows command line? On Unix, I can either use \r (carriage return) or \b (backspace) to overwrite the current line (print over text already visible) in the shell.  Can I achieve the same effect in a Windows command line from a Python script?  I tried the curses module but it doesn't seem to be available on Windows. Why is the speed of light defined as $299792458$ $m/s$? Why did they choose that number and no other number?  Or phrased differently:  Why is a metre $1/299792458$ of the distance light travels in a sec in a vacuum?