Creating a shapefile for footprint of raster's valid data areas with GDAL
Calculating Image boundary / footprint of satellite images using open source tools?
How do I escape a single quote ( ' ) in JavaScript? How to calculate $\int \frac{x^2 }{(x^2+1)^2} dx$? I'm trying  to calculate $\int \frac{x^2 }{(x^2+1)^2} dx$ by using the formula: $$ \int udv = uv -\int vdu $$  I supposed that $u=x$ s.t $du=dx$, and also that $dv=\frac{x}{(x^2+1)^2}dx$, but I couldn't calculate the last integral. what is the tick here?           the answer must be: $ \frac{1}{2}arctan\ x - \frac{x}{2(1+x^2)} $ + C Group files in some folders I have some files with different extensions such as *.pdf, *.mp3, *.jpg and a few others. All of them are stored in a parent directory.  How can I get a list of all extensions, create some folders based on these  extensions and then move all files into their relevant folders? Can I use Ctrl+Shift for changing languages? I can't set this hotkey for changing keyboard languages.  At this moment Alt+Shift switch languages, but I can't see this hotkey in keyboard hotkeys list or in   gsettings list-recursively  org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings | sort | more   output. Make a fake random distribution? Sometimes a "real" random event seems unfair and makes players frustrated. For instance a enemy has probability of 20% to cause double damage("critical hit"). Thus he could make 4 critical hits in a row with 1/725 probability. It's not as small as it sounds.  I hope the probability could be adjusted after each hit. If the player just got a critical hit, the probability decreases for the next hit. Otherwise it increases.  Is there a mathematical model for this behaviour? I've seen a contraction of two words.  I can't see why it wouldn't've been possible to have been contracted twice.  Is it possible and how should it be punctuated?  Update:  Ok, to sum up the answers so far   This appears in spoken British and American English It is from one of the lower  Even if spoken this way sometimes, it isn't really written as a double contraction, except as written speech in fiction. And from my own googling in , it appears most written forms are old British words, often nautical like fo'c'sle. Z-axis issue with the floating review info panel, permits various elements to flow over it I was having a look at an old question of mine when I browsed the  from the timeline. I scrolled downwards and realized the Review completed panel comes along for the ride. While that might be , tags flowing over top of it as pictured below probably isn't.  Here's a .gif of the Question and Duplicate tabs flowing over it as well. Note that the timeline button also flows over. If vote buttons are present, they will also flow over it.  Reproduced on Chrome and Microsoft Edge. Update Per  by Tiago Martins Peres, this issue also happens in other Review types, namely Late Answers, First Posts and Low Quality Posts. In addition to that, it is causing the action buttons on reviews to become unclickable if you scroll low enough.  As a temporary workaround, you can use 's , which  this issue. I would like site specific magic links. Currently you can write [so] in a comment, and it links like this: . I would like to be able to have site specific ones, so for example: English Language &amp; Usage  [dictionary] would go to http://dictionary.com and shows as   Ubuntu  [launchpad] would go to https://launchpad.net/ubuntu and shows as   [launchpad#bugnum] would go to https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/bugnum and shows as   [forums] would go to http://ubuntuforums.org/ and sows as   [discourse] would go to http://discourse.ubuntu.com and shows as   [paste] or [pastebinit] would go to http://paste.ubuntu.com and shows as   [install-d] would go to http://ubuntu.com/download/desktop/install-ubuntu-desktop and shows as   [install-s] would go to http://ubuntu.com/download/server/install-ubuntu-server and shows as   ppa:peterlevi/ppa would go to https://launchpad.net/~peterlevi and shows as   There is    Ask Different  [applesup] would go to http://www.apple.com/support and shows as   Christianity  [bible] would go to http://biblegateway.com and shows as   Currently, they are all the same, for all sites. I would like devs (mods maybe) to be able to add them on a per site basis. This is just a selection of examples. People can comment or answer with ones they would like and I'll edit them into this question. I asked this because  on Ask Ubuntu Meta wasn't possible right now - because it wasn't a feature.  [The devs] said right now it isn't possible because magic links are network wide, and they weren't sure it was high enough priority to really get done anytime soon, but if you want you can post a feature-request on Meta Stack Exchange requesting site specific magic links and see if you can garner more support for the feature and maybe get a dev to champion it.  So that's what I've done! What is the difference between confidence intervals and hypothesis testing? I have read about   with some commentators suggesting that hypothesis testing should not be used. Some commentators suggest that confidence intervals should be used instead.    What is the difference between confidence intervals and hypothesis testing? Explanation with reference and examples would be appreciated. When is a cellular automaton "bidirectional"? From .   "A (bi-directional, deterministic) cellular automaton is a triplet $A = (S;N;\delta)$, where $S$ is an non-empty state set, $N$ is the neighborhood system, and $\delta$ is the local transition function (rule). This function deﬁnes the rule of calculating the cell’s state at $t +1$ time step, given the states of the neighborhood cells at previous time step $t$"  I haven't found other "bidirectional" CA via Google, so I wonder what does the term say about this automaton's properties. Does it mean that the state $t+1$ can be used to find out the state t? I used to find color codes which I want to use for texts or background colors on htmls with color edit tool of MS paint which pre-installed on Windows. But now I use Mac instead of Windows. How can I find color codes with Mac? Is an software like MS paint pre-installed on Mac? Installed Ubuntu 13.04 on a Dell laptop I had laying around.  Install goes well but when I'm done, I only get a command line, no GUI at all.  Tried several versions, tried 32 vs 64 bit all give me the same result.  Any ideas on what to do/try? Why aren't Christoffel symbols tensors? - asked from a fibre bundle perspective Auto.arima with daily data: how to capture seasonality/periodicity? I am fitting an ARIMA model on a daily time series. Data are collected daily from 02-01-2010 to 30-07-2011 and are about newspaper sales. Since a weekly pattern in sales can be found (the daily average amount of copies sold is usually the same from Monday to Friday, then increases on Saturday and Sunday), I am trying to capture this "seasonality". Given the sales data "data", I create the time series as follows:  salests&lt;-ts(data,start=c(2010,1),frequency=365)   and then I use the auto.arima(.) function to select the best ARIMA model via AIC criterion. The result is always a non-seasonal ARIMA model, but if I try some SARIMAs model with the following syntax as example:  sarima1&lt;-arima(salests, order = c(2,1,2), seasonal = list(order = c(1, 0, 1), period = 7))   I can obtain better results. Is there anything wrongs in the ts command / arima specification? The weekly pattern is very strong so I would not expect so many difficulties in capturing it.  Any help would be very useful. Thank you, Giulia Deppieri  Update:  I have already changed some arguments. More precisely, the procedure selects ARIMA(4,1,3) as the best model when I set D=7, but AIC and the others good of fit indexes and forecasts as well) do not improve at all. I guess there's some mistakes due to confusion between seasonality and periodicity..?!   Auto.arima call used and output obtained:  modArima&lt;-auto.arima(salests,D=7,max.P = 5, max.Q = 5)     ARIMA(2,1,2) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(0,1,0) with drift         : 5265.543  ARIMA(1,1,0) with drift         : 5182.772  ARIMA(0,1,1) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(2,1,0) with drift         : 5137.279  ARIMA(2,1,1) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(3,1,1) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(2,1,0)                    : 5135.382  ARIMA(1,1,0)                    : 5180.817  ARIMA(3,1,0)                    : 5117.714  ARIMA(3,1,1)                    : 1e+20  ARIMA(4,1,1)                    : 5045.236  ARIMA(4,1,1) with drift         : 5040.53  ARIMA(5,1,1) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(4,1,0) with drift         : 5112.614  ARIMA(4,1,2) with drift         : 4953.417  ARIMA(5,1,3) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(4,1,2)                    : 4960.516  ARIMA(3,1,2) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(5,1,2) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(4,1,3) with drift         : 4868.669  ARIMA(5,1,4) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(4,1,3)                    : 4870.92  ARIMA(3,1,3) with drift         : 1e+20  ARIMA(4,1,4) with drift         : 4874.095   Best model: ARIMA(4,1,3) with drift           So I assume the arima function should be used as:  bestOrder &lt;- cbind(modArima$arma[1],modArima$arma[5],modArima$arma[2]) sarima1&lt;-arima(salests, order = c(4,1,3))   with no seasonal component parameters and period specifications. Data and exploratory analysis show that the same weekly pattern can be approximatively considered for each week, with the only exception of August 2010 (when a consistent increase in sales is registered). Unfortunately I have no expertise in timeseries modeling at all, in fact I am trying this approach in order to find an alternative solution to other parametric e non-parametric models I have tried to fit for these problematic data. I have also many dependent numeric variables but they have shown low power in explaining the response variable: undoubtedly, the most difficult part to model is the time component. Moreover, the construction of dummy variables to represent months and weekdays turned out not to be a robust solution. CPU usage is too high with Yosemite and an external monitor I use Yosemite 10.10.4 on my MacBook Pro (2012).  I used to work with an external monitor: Apple Thunderbolt 27" monitor.  The issue is that, according to Activity Monitor, the kernel_task process consumes more than 600% of CPU even when no tasks are running! The computer becomes totally unusable.   The workaround is to disconnect the external monitor, but I really need this secondary screen to work.  Why didn't Apple fix this issue in the latest Yosemite update?  Is there a fix for this? Is it possible to increase Output Field Name length beyond 10 characters? When creating a new Column, the default value for the length of the name is 10. Using the Field Calculator via the Model Builder, I want to include the names of regional areas into the columns which has more than 10 characters.  Can the length of the Output Field Name be increased? Can python send text to the Mac clipboard In Java, what is the best way to determine the size of an object? I have an application that reads a CSV file with piles of data rows.  I give the user a summary of the number of rows based on types of data, but I want to make sure that I don't read in too many rows of data and cause OutOfMemoryErrors.  Each row translates into an object.  Is there an easy way to find out the size of that object programmatically?  Is there a reference that defines how large primitive types and object references are for a VM?  Right now, I have code that says read up to 32,000 rows, but I'd also like to have code that says read as many rows as possible until I've used 32MB of memory.  Maybe that is a different question, but I'd still like to know. Is there a word for someone who has others do all their work for them? In a way like a slave master. More though like say someone who had robots do all their work and they were never themselves productive and had no drive. If you've read R.U.R. you'll understand the question better. I'm looking for a word with more definition than just lazy.  Update 1: It think I may actually go with drone if anything. I think that definition fits what I'm looking for the best. I also liked the definition of the British term layabout that one person mentioned, but I will probably use drone. Thanks for all the help and sorry if I was confusing or unclear.  Update 2: I needed this word for use in an essay I was writing which I have now handed in. Thanks for the help guys. No more suggestions needed. How do I get the browser to reask me to integrate with a website? I'm using  and I accidentally clicked "No" when asked if I want to integrate with the website.  How can I have Firefox or Chrome reask me to integrate the site with Ubuntu?