What is the advantage of having a private attribute with getters and setters?
Why use getters and setters/accessors?
I am running Ubuntu 14.04.2 and I want to format my disk for another operating system (Windows 10).  My desire to do this stems from a recent problem I have been having with installing the new OS. I try to boot from a live DVD (which I have confirmed is working), but my computer does enter the Windows 10 installation setup.  So, I am hoping that completely wiping the disk will solve this issue. Ideally, I want to do this with my only resources being Ubuntu and an internet connection. I can't connect the hard drive to another computer, and it would be difficult for me to have to burn a disc for any reason.  Thank you. Calculate Euler equations of fluid dynamics without division? How can one show that a möbius transformation maps the unit circle to some axis? Suppose I have the möbius transformation f(z) = $\frac{1+z}{1-z}$ and I want to show that it will map the unit circle (excluding the point 1) to the imaginary axis.  Would it help to express my unit circle in polar form?     Here's what I did: f(e$^{i\theta}$) = $\frac{1+e^{i\theta}}{1-e^{i\theta}}$  But I'm not sure where to go from this step. Are Living Beings Turned Into Horcruxes Suceptible to Age, Disease, or Injury? From the HP books I know that Horcruxes grant a form of immortality. So, it is not possible for someone who created a Horcrux to die from old age or succumb to diseases. I guess the same is true for living beings turned into a Horcrux. But do living Horcruxes age normally? Is it possible to cripple them or sever their limbs, head or something like that, or do they instantly "repair" themselves like inanimate Horcruxes? Is it safe to check floating point values for equality to 0? I know you can't rely on equality between double or decimal type values normally, but I'm wondering if 0 is a special case.  While I can understand imprecisions between 0.00000000000001 and 0.00000000000002, 0 itself seems pretty hard to mess up since it's just nothing.  If you're imprecise on nothing, it's not nothing anymore.  But I don't know much about this topic so it's not for me to say.  double x = 0.0; return (x == 0.0) ? true : false;   Will that always return true? What is the scope of variables in JavaScript? What is the scope of variables in javascript? Do they have the same scope inside as opposed to outside a function? Or does it even matter? Also, where are the variables stored if they are defined globally? Fixed point, union of $\aleph_0, \aleph_{\aleph_0},\aleph_{\aleph_{\aleph_0}}\dots$ [see Noah's comment on notation] What causes a force field to be "non-conservative?" I need to customize my references in the following style using biblatexs Alpha style having the columns Label, Author, and Title and Other Information.    Till now with your help I could already change the square brackets to slashes.   My code so far is:   \documentclass[12pt]{scrartcl}  .  .   \usepackage[% natbib        = true, backend       = bibtex8, %bibtex, biber style         = alphabetic, %citestyle     = alphabetic, maxcitenames  = 2, mincitenames  = 1, %bibstyle      = alphabetic, %authoryear, %draft, %, sorting       = nyvt, maxbibnames   = 6, minbibnames   = 6, language      = ngerman, date          = long, backref       = false, backrefstyle  = none,  % none, three, two, two+, three+, all+ firstinits=true  ]{biblatex}    \usepackage[babel,german=quotes]{csquotes}    \bibliography{input/literatur}      \newrobustcmd{\mkbibslashes}[1]{/#1/}      \DeclareFieldFormat{labelalphawidth}{\mkbibslashes{#1}}    \DeclareFieldFormat{shorthandwidth}{\mkbibslashes{#1}}     \DeclareCiteCommand{\cite}[\mkbibslashes]    {\usebibmacro{prenote}}    {\usebibmacro{citeindex}% \usebibmacro{cite}}    {\multicitedelim}    {\usebibmacro{postnote}}    \renewcaptionname{ngerman}{\refname}{Literaturverzeichnis}   .   .   .   Thanks again I would like to change a file extension from *.txt to *.text. I tried using the basename command, but I'm having trouble on changing more than one file.  Here's my code:  files=`ls -1 *.txt`  for x in $files do     mv $x "`basename $files .txt`.text" done   I'm getting this error:  basename: too many arguments Try basename --help' for more information Probability distribution in the coupon collector's problem Evaluation of Indefinite Integral resulting in Hypergeometric Function I am attempting to derive the result:  $$ \int \left(1+x^n\right)^{-1/m}dx= x\,_2F_1\left(\frac 1m,\frac 1n;1+\frac 1n;-x^n\right)$$  First, I start off with the binomial expansion of the integrand to get:  $$\int\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{(1/m)_k}{k!}\left(-x^n\right)^kdx  $$  Then, I pull out a $-1$ and interchange summation and integration:  $$\sum_k\int (-1)^k\frac{(1/m)_k}{k!}x^{nk}dx  $$  $$ \sum_k (-1)^k\frac{(1/m)_k}{k!}\frac{x^{nk+1}}{nk+1} $$  $$ x\sum_k \frac{(1/m)_k}{k!}\frac{(-x^n)^k}{nk+1}  $$  So, I'm just right there, but not sure how to express this series in the general form of a hypergeometric series with the two additional Pochhammer symbols.  I even typed this last series into Mathematica, and it returned the Hyper. Function. What am I missing, or how do I transform this last series into the desired form? "How to [...]?" and "Where to [...]?" Questions that are not questions. Is this defensible? Adding a question mark to the end of a "How to" or "Where to" sentence appears to be quite common. Here are two examples from this very site:  How to punctuate a list of questions? ()  Where to put the periods when using a parenthetical sentence? ()  In my mind, the question mark doesn't belong at all, and it bothers me.  Am I being unreasonable? Is this practice defensible? What’s the best way to reload / refresh an iframe? I would like to reload an &lt;iframe&gt; using JavaScript. The best way I found until now was set the iframe’s src attribute to itself, but this isn’t very clean. Any ideas? When I capture packets using the packet analyser wireshark while visiting  I can see packets that use the HTTP protocol (e.g.a GET request). My Get request uses 4 protocols: Ethernet II, IPv4, TCP and HTTP.  For the IPv4 I can see my own local IPv4 address of my pc as the source, for the destination I see the IPv4 address 91.198.174.225. When I go to this address in my browser I get to some wikipedia related website that says'wiki does not exist'. Why am I not seeing the Hydrogen article when I go to that ip address? Stargate - Destiny's Gate Address from Icarus base Simple question - What is the address they dial to connect with the Ancient ship Destiny in Stargate Universe from Icarus base.  I have found the address on  - however they have an unconfirmed order, and not sure of the validity of this.  Any help deciphering the above would be great! Is there a free or open source library to read Excel files (.xls) directly from a C# program?   It does not need to be too fancy, just to select a worksheet and read the data as strings. So far, I've been using Export to Unicode text function of Excel, and parsing the resulting (tab-delimited) file, but I'd like to eliminate the manual step. Direction of angular velocity Angular velocity is the rate of angular displacement about an axis. Its direction is determined by right hand rule.  According to right hand rule, if you hold the axis with your right hand and rotate the fingers in the direction of motion of the rotating body then thumb will point the direction of the angular velocity.  The direction of angular velocity is above or below the plane. But what does it mean? I mean in linear velocity the direction of velocity is in the direction of motion of body but what does it mean that body is moving in one direction while the direction of its angular velocity is in another direction? Let $L,M$ two subspaces of the vector space, $V$ such that both $L,M \ne V$.   Prove: $L\cup M \ne V$.     I think this is a case of a proof by contradiction. Lets assume $L \cup M = V$.   Hence, $$\dim(V) = \dim(L) + \dim(M) - \dim(L\cap M)$$  How to proceed? For $n \geq 2$, show that $n \nmid 2^{n}-1$ Here is a problem which i have not been able to do for quite sometime.   For $n \geq 2$, show that $n \nmid 2^{n}-1$.   I have thought of proving this in two ways: One by using induction which didn't actually work. Next by Fermat's little theorem we have $2^{p-1} \equiv 1 \ (\text{mod} \ p)$, which actually says that for $p \mid 2^{p}-2$. But i couldn't proceed more than this. Any ideas by which i can actually solve the problem?