What is the name of this artifact where lines appear in what should be a smooth gradient?
What is the name of the problem where lines appear in a photo where there should just be a smooth gradient?
Why didn't Thanos come to Earth to retrieve Tesseract by himself? In the Avengers movie, why didn't Thanos personally come to Earth instead of Loki? Or, if Loki's skills were required, why didn't he come with Chitauri? He knew that humans were primitive; there wouldn't be any threat and he could personally secure Tesseract.  AFAIK, the movie didn't display much. Is there any other source answering this? The square roots of different primes are linearly independent over the field of rationals Drawing a 3D cylinder, and a circle shape on the x---y plane I'm trying to draw a cylinder on the three dimensional space, and I also want its projection on the x--y plane. I found the first answer  to be very useful. I just copy-paste it to my document, and modify it as follows (the modifications are only inside the \begin{tikzpicture} tags):   \documentclass[parskip]{scrartcl} \usepackage[margin=15mm]{geometry} \usepackage{tikz}  \pgfmathsetmacro{\xdeg}{30} \pgfmathsetmacro{\xx}{cos(\xdeg)} \pgfmathsetmacro{\xy}{sin(\xdeg)}  \pgfmathsetmacro{\ydeg}{120} \pgfmathsetmacro{\yx}{cos(\ydeg)} \pgfmathsetmacro{\yy}{sin(\ydeg)}  \pgfmathsetmacro{\zdeg}{80} \pgfmathsetmacro{\zx}{cos(\zdeg)} \pgfmathsetmacro{\zy}{sin(\zdeg)}  \newcommand{\tdcyl}[5]{% origin x, origin y, origin z, radius, height     \path (1,0,0);     \pgfgetlastxy{\cylxx}{\cylxy}     \path (0,1,0);     \pgfgetlastxy{\cylyx}{\cylyy}     \path (0,0,1);     \pgfgetlastxy{\cylzx}{\cylzy}     \pgfmathsetmacro{\cylt}{(\cylzy * \cylyx - \cylzx * \cylyy)/ (\cylzy * \cylxx - \cylzx * \cylxy)}     \pgfmathsetmacro{\ang}{atan(\cylt)}     \pgfmathsetmacro{\ct}{1/sqrt(1 + (\cylt)^2)}     \pgfmathsetmacro{\st}{\cylt * \ct}     \filldraw[fill=white] (#4*\ct+#1,#4*\st+#2,#3) -- ++(0,0,#5) arc[start angle=\ang,delta angle=-180,radius=#4] -- ++(0,0,-#5) arc[start angle=\ang+180,delta angle=180,radius=#4];     \filldraw[fill=white] (#1,#2,#3+#5) circle[radius=#4]; }       \begin{tikzpicture}[x={(\xx*1cm,\xy*1cm)},y={(\yx*1cm,\yy*1cm)},z={(\zx*1cm,\zy*1cm)}]          \tdcyl{-3}{-3}{0}{1}{3} % x y z   r h         \tdcyl{0}{0}{0}{1}{3} % x y z   r h           \draw (-3,0,0) -- (3,0,0) node[circle,fill=white] {x};         \draw (0,-3,0) -- (0,3,0) node[circle] {y};         \draw (0,0,-3) -- (0,0,3) node[circle] {z};     \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}   I added another cylinder and tweaked the positions to fit what I need. This produces the following:      Which is almost what I want, except that I want to see the projection of that cylinder on the x--y plane, but unfortunately, the top cylinder hides the full circle. When I disable the top cylinder:      \begin{tikzpicture}[x={(\xx*1cm,\xy*1cm)},y={(\yx*1cm,\yy*1cm)},z={(\zx*1cm,\zy*1cm)}]          \tdcyl{-3}{-3}{0}{1}{3} % x y z   r h            \draw (-3,0,0) -- (3,0,0) node[circle,fill=white] {x};         \draw (0,-3,0) -- (0,3,0) node[circle] {y};         \draw (0,0,-3) -- (0,0,3) node[circle] {z};     \end{tikzpicture}   Now the projection is shown again:   But the top cylinder is missing...  How can I make the top cylinder transparent, or, alternatively, and even better; how do I create one long cylinder and emphasize its projection on the x--y plane?   BTW, what determines the position of the labels x,y,z in the above code? I want to reposition them so they won't overlap with the axis. Thanks in advanced! LINQ - Query syntax vs method chains & lambda Proving Geometric Hahn-Banach Implies Analytic Hahn-Banach I've come across a proof online of the H.B theorem using the goemetric version.   There is a step in the proof which im not sure why is true and it is as follows:   Let $X$ be a linear space and $M \subset X \times \Bbb R$ be a maximal subspace.  Then $M = G(F)$ for $F :X \to \Bbb R$ linear.   Someone can show me why this is true?   Maybe I misunderstood the proof, its the last paragraph of Matrin's answer here -.   Thanks a lot for helping! Solenoid Driving Circuit I'm trying to drive a 12v (14W) solenoid and have problems figuring out the components for the driving circuit.  The solenoid draws about 1.166A and the MCU is being operated at 3.3V.  I've seen many driving circuits and they all look something like this:         &ndash; Schematic created using   My questions:   What datasheet parameters should I look for when designing this circuit? Is the IRF530PBF-ND a suitable MOSFET for driving this solenoid?    Also, how do I calculate R1's value?  I don't want to blindingly copy a circuit that may or may not work, I want to understand it.  Thank you so much in advance! Creating account didn't log me in / didn't create an account Inform new users if they can upvote an answer they accepted I surprisingly often stumble upon answers which were accepted but clearly not upvoted by the asker. For example, the answer has not received any upvotes at all or the asker’s vote count is zero. While I acknowledge that , most such cases happen with new users, who have only recently received the privilege to vote and who upvote after a friendly reminder.  Given the anonymity of votes and that I do not check the asker’s profile for every question with an accepted answer I stumbled upon, I assume that there is a huge dark figure for this phenomenon. Also, I naturally most often spot this on my own answers, which makes reminding the asker of their privileges somewhat awkward.  I thus propose that users which accept an answer are reminded by a pop-up that they can upvote it, if:   They haven’t already upvoted it. They have the reputation required for voting. They have cast less than a handful of votes.   I consider the latter criterion to be better than an upper reputation for which the message is displayed, since I know at least one user with several thousand reputation points, who has cast much less upvotes or votes on answers than he has accepted answers on some sites (not that his acceptance rate or general feedback on answers is spectacular). I am looking for a step by step instruction to guide me in the ways of installing, configuring and debugging many of the issues new users have when dealing with Wine in Ubuntu.  What is the recommended way of installing Wine, some of the key issues that it has and how to solve them?  If I have a specific problem with an App in Wine, how do I go about solving it? What are the recommended steps to ensure that I can fix a problem related to an app I wish to use? Image UriSource and Data Binding Command substitution: splitting on newline but not space I know I can solve this problem several ways, but I'm wondering if there is a way to do it using only bash built-ins, and if not, what is the most efficient way to do it.  I have a file with contents like  AAA B C DDD FOO BAR   by which I only mean it has several lines and each line may or may not have spaces.  I want to run a command like  cmd AAA "B C DDD" "FOO BAR"   If I use cmd $(&lt; file) I get  cmd AAA B C DDD FOO BAR   and if I use cmd "$(&lt; file)" I get  cmd "AAA B C DDD FOO BAR"   How do I get each line treated a exactly one parameter? How to change inside background color of UISearchBar component on iOS Can not update Bash on Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) I can not update  on a Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) server to get rid of the discovered vulnerability:  bash --version GNU bash, version 4.1.5(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)  apt-get update apt-get install bash Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done bash is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 7 not upgraded.   Can I use Squeeze-LTS for this server just to update Bash? After one week I will be on another server, so I will not make any other updates.  uname -m x86_64  lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Debian Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 6.0.5 (squeeze) Release:        6.0.5 Codename:       squeeze How do I get a selected vertex and it's corresponding uv vertex?  A vertex I can get with  bpy.context.active_object.data.vertices[0]   A uv vertex I can get with  bpy.context.active_object.data.uv_layers['UVMap'].data[0]   But the index is not the same for uv and mesh vertex. Space after LaTeX commands I have a definition:  \newcommand{\arnold}{Arnold Schwarzenegger}   When I refer to it by:  \arnold is a   it is rendered as:   Arnold Schwarzeneggeris a    In order to have a space in front of "is" I would need to write  \arnold\ is a   Is there some other shorter way? Iterate enum values using java generics pdflatex bash script to supress all output except error messages? I have a bash script which I use to compile a file with pdflatex twice (to make sure it sorts out references properly, etc.). This is the 'latexbuild' script I use:  module load ctan pdflatex --shell-escape --interaction=nonstopmode $1 bibtex $1 pdflatex --shell-escape --interaction=nonstopmode --interaction=batchmode $1   I would then call this script with latexbuild test.tex. It produces a lot of output which I would like to supress, except for the error messages which I'd like to see. Is there any way to only allow error messages to be displayed? Where does the word "torsion" in algebra come from? Torsion is used to refer to elements of finite order under some binary operation. It doesn't seem to bear any relation to the ordinary everyday use of the word or with its use in differential geometry (which relates back to the ordinary use of the word). So how did it acquire this usage in algebra?  I'm interested to understand the intuition behind why the word "torsion" was chosen for this notion, as well as when it was first used. Selecting features that do NOT intersect in ArcGIS Desktop? How to embed fonts at compile time with pdflatex