Add all columns separately in linux if the first column has same entries
Sum of columns for rows containing a specific term
What are copy elision and return value optimization? Not every boolean function is constructed from $\wedge$ (and) and $\vee$ (or) I know that : $\mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{2}) = \mathbf{Q}+ \sqrt{2} \mathbf{Q}$ , but then what is $\mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{2},\sqrt{3})$? Windows 8 opens notepad on boot- no startup entry found I just upgraded from windows 7 to windows 8 and everything is working fine except notepad keeps opening on boot with a "access denied" window that comes up as well. I've ran MBAM and removed some junk, I've disabled every "file not found" item in autoruns as well as something that had a text/xml title in it and I've ran CCleaner a few times. Nothing is working, any help is much appreciated! I'm putting some type on a path, a circle; but when I do it, the type is upside down. How can I flip it so it reads the right way up? See image below: Variable name as a string in Javascript One frequent aspect of pdflatex output that could be improved is to what extent one can select text output from the generated pdf-file and copy-and-paste it. This is essentially an issue of having the right output encoding. There are at least two important aspects to this:   In the ideal case, Unicode would be the output encoding. Ligature glyphs (such as ﬁ) are ideally de-ligated in the output (here: "fi").   It seems that output encodings are specified through the fontenc package. What is the range of possible output encodings, and most importantly: Is there a way to specify a Unicode output encoding and one that deals with ligatures in the intended way?  (Note: It is important to distinguish output from input encodings. How to use different input encodings in LaTeX has been documented widely. My understanding is that this is best handled by the inputenx package, as it supersedes the inputenc package.)    Quick guide to the solutions: The information in the answers and answer threads is a bit distributed, so here the short summary: one approach is to use \input glyphtounicode together with \pdfgentounicode=1; the other approach is to use cmap/mmap.  Addendum: Sometimes one will need to load the package accsupp and enclose one's macro definition in \BeginAccSupp{method=hex,unicode,ActualText=&lt;codepoint&gt;}[...]\EndAccSupp{} to generate a specific code point. See the caveat about non-BMP code points  and the fix (starting from accsupp version v0.4, 2012/11/18) , which provides the new unichar package option. What to do before root and flash my phone? Looking around for rim brake pads, I have noticed a wide variety:   low end-ish: cheap, rubber pad with metal stem, unknown brand high end-ish: expensive, rubber pad with metal stem, known brand cool end-ish: dedicate pad sections (1 for dry, 1 for mud, 1 for rain)   Is there any good reason to go for an high end-ish or for the cool end-ish, or is it just plain old marketing tricks? Why are downloads destructive in the Star Trek universe? There are numerous places in various Star Trek episodes where references are made to the fact that "downloads" are a destructive operation: you download something from one place, and unless you explicitly made a copy beforehand, what you downloaded is gone from its original storage location and instead appears in some other location. Hence was born the term "copy and download".  There are of course out-of-universe, plot reasons for things happening that way which are exploited from time to time. There is also the out-of-universe explanation of how large media companies feel about people downloading copyrighted works, and a possible out-of-universe explanation that at the time, people in general may not have been intimitely familiar with the implications of the term "download", so they added "copy" to help describe what happens to at least portions of their viewership.  But is there a plausible in-universe explanation for why downloads would be destructive by default, and a specific copying operation would have to be made beforehand so as to not delete the data from its original location?  As for specific examples, these are two that I can think of right now (I'm quite sure there are more):   VOY "Twisted" (S2E06), right near the end, stated by Torres: "Our entire database has been copied and downloaded into somebody else's system." VOY "Message In A Bottle" (S4E14), a little more than five minutes into the episode, the EMH is "downloaded into the transceiver array" for transmission across an alien sensor network to the Prometheus when the latter is in the alpha quadrant, and some 20 minutes into the episode it's established that the EMH is not available in the sickbay and will return later. If one were to take a similar path as  in shooting candid street photography today, should they be concerned about laws or other realistic norms of today? I am wondering specifically in the US speaking broadly of all states. I am not looking for legal advice, but anything that one photographer to another would caution against as potentially being grey or obviously illegal.  Similar previous question: Suppressing addition of blank page before figure when wrapping long JPEG image I have the following LaTeX file, whose sole purpose is to wrap a JPEG file. This file does not convert well to PDF, so I'm using this unorthodox technique to convert it.  \documentclass{article} \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} \pagenumbering{gobble} \begin{document}  \centering\includegraphics[height=650pt]{foo.jpg} \end{document}   This produces a PDF file including the document, but it first includes a blank page, and thus produces a 2 page document, rather than a 1 page document. How do I get rid of this blank page? Using \textheight instead of 650pt as an argument to \includegraphicsmakes the  problem go away, but I'd prefer the larger size I get from using 650pt.  Here is the relevant information from the log file.  &lt;foo.jpg, id=1, 162.6075pt x 1165.35374pt&gt; File: foo.jpg Graphic file (type jpg)  &lt;use foo.jpg&gt; Package pdftex.def Info: foo.jpg used on input line 14. (pdftex.def)             Requested size: 90.6998pt x 650.0pt.  [1  ] Overfull \vbox (100.0pt too high) has occurred while \output is active []   [2 &lt;./foo.jpg&gt;] (./foo.aux) )    I'd prefer to not make the actual document public. Therefore the code above is not a MWE. However, if anyone has tips on how to create a dummy JPEG of the same size, let me know. Uninstall a program installed with Wine I am using Ubuntu 11.10. By using wine software i installed some software like nimbuzz and ibibo messenger. Both the programs are not working and showing the bug as We're sorry, but an unknown error has caused ibibo Messenger to close.  So I wanna uninstall those.   How to uninstall those type of programs which I installed through Wine? The square root of a prime number is irrational If $p$ is a prime number, then $\sqrt{p}$ is irrational.  I know that this question has been asked but I just want to make sure that my method is clear. My method is as follows:  Let us assume that the square root of the prime number $p$ is rational. Hence we can write $\sqrt{p} = \frac{a}{b}$. (In their lowest form.) Then $p = \frac{a^2}{b^2}$, and so $p b^2 = a^2$. Hence $p$ divides $a^2$, so $p$ divides $a$. Substitute $a$ by $pk$. Find out that $p$ divides $b$. Hence this is a contradiction as they should be relatively prime, i.e., gcd$(a,b)=1$. Numbers to the Power of Zero What is special about square numbers here? How to get the path of a running JAR file? My code runs inside a JAR file, say foo.jar, and I need to know, in the code, in which folder the running foo.jar is.  So, if foo.jar is in C:\FOO\, I want to get that path no matter what my current working directory is. What are the various units (ex, em, in, pt, bp, dd, pc) expressed in mm? Difference between '>' and '-gt' What's the difference between these:  SEC=$(mysql -hxxx -Pxxx -uxxx -pxxx -se "SELECT Seconds FROM tablename")  SEC=100   Both return the same result (100). But when I test it with:  if [ ${SEC} &gt; 1 ] then     echo "SEC GT 1" else     echo "SEC LT 1" fi   The first one returns:  "SEC GT 1"   The second one returns:  "SEC LT 1"   If however, I change it to:  if [ ${SEC} -gt 1 ]   then the result is reversed.  I'm assuming it's got something to do with the datatype, and that I presumbaly need to cast one or the other to get the same result.  It's just that at present it's messing up my testing, as I have to remember to change the IF section every time. Preventing LibreOffice from using smart quotes (“ ”) instead of (dumb) straight quotes? I use LibreOffice Calc to make lists of programs with different parameters to run on an hpc cluster. For each batch of commands I must do a find and replace on the smart quotes, as they cause errors in command line arguments. It would be nice to cut this step out of my work flow. Does anyone know how I might change the default punctuation used?  Edit: Apparently the title font transforms dumb quotes into smart quotes.  Smart quotes have a different symbol depending on if they are at the start or end (“ ”)  Dumb quotes use the same symbol for the start and the stop ( " )