What is the problem in my bash script?
First Bash Script Problem
QGIS creating a fixed distance buffer over selected areas not the entire layer what im doing is making a fixed distance buffer and it's working splendidly but i need the buffer to be created over certain selected areas not the entire layer, and at the creation wizard is only offers the the option of selecting the entire layer, and i need some areas within that layer to have a different buffer and some none at all.  is there a way around that? Age of universe? Well relativity teaches us that time interval between two events is a frame dependent quantity, then how can we say that our universe is 13.8 billion years old? Should it not depend on who is asking this question? Describe the units in $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-d}]$ Index and length must refer to a location within the string Presentation $\langle x,y,z\mid xyx^{-1}y^{-2},yzy^{-1}z^{-2},zxz^{-1}x^{-2}\rangle$ of group equal to trivial group Problem: Show that the group given by the presentation $$\langle x,y,z  \mid xyx^{-1}y^{-2}\, , \, yzy^{-1}z^{-2}\, , \, zxz^{-1}x^{-2} \rangle $$ is equivalent to the trivial group.   I have tried all sorts of manners to try to show that the relations given by the presentation above imply that $x=y=z=e$. However, I am stuck and would appreciate any hints as to how I should move forward. How to set up a wi-fi hotspot with an Ubuntu laptop (access point mode)? I've read , and carefully followed the instructions provided. I am sure the wireless card in my laptop supports going into wireless access point mode. But unfortunately, when I use the following command to start hostapd service it throws an error:   $ sudo service hostapd stop  Starting advanced IEEE 802.11 management hostapd                      [fail]    The instructions mentioned above said this could possibly be because my wireless card does not support the g mode, and provided the wiki of hostapd. But what is g mode? I tried to switch to a, or b mode, but it just didn't work.  Can anyone help with this or recommend a tool like connectify in windows ?  ps. I am using Ubuntu 12.04, 32 bit. I have an ADSL wired network, and I want to share it by setting my laptop into a WiFi hotspot with  my windows phone. Find the value of $\sum_{k=1}^{n}k\binom{n}{k}$? Deleting array elements in JavaScript - delete vs splice What is the difference between using  on the array element as opposed to using ?   For example:  myArray = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];  delete myArray[1]; //  or myArray.splice (1, 1);   Why even have the splice method if I can delete array elements like I can with objects? Is $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \sin(k^2)$ bounded by a constant $M$? I know $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \sin(k)$ is . How about $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \sin(k^2)$? What do we call someone who's in between -a friend and an enemy! He's a friend of mine   The message is clear. He's my friend. He wishes all good for me and helps me whenever I need one.      He's an enemy of mine   The message is clear again. He's my enemy. He wishes all bad for me and never helps me whenever I need!     He's ...... of mine!   The message is clear. He's neither friend nor enemy. He's in between. At times, he may help me but then I cannot always rely on him. He's not a friend of mine.   Other times, he does really bad to me but maybe, there was no any other go for him. He's not an enemy of mine! :) Does the output bypass capacitor of an LM7805 double as a decoupling capacitor? I'm using a 5v linear regulator (specifically an LM7805) that outputs directly to an ATMEGA328P. According to the  (page 23) input and output bypass capacitors should be used, as seen below, to tame peaks and ensure stability.    It is good practice to also include a decoupling capacitor in front of an IC, in this case an ATMEGA328. Does the 0.1μF capacitor on the output side of the LM7805 act as a decoupling capacitor if the regulator feeds into the IC directly after the output bypass capacitor? Area 51 layout breaks when zoomed to 90% This is a homework problem for my real analysis class. It is problem 13.1 from Mattuck's Introdution to Analysis. The question reads:       Suppose F(x) is continuous on some open interval I and c is a maximum point inside this interval. Is it true that f(x) must be increasing immediately to the left of c and decreasing immediately to the right of c? Proof or counterexample. (Note: A constant function is considered to be both increasing and decreasing.)      My friend and I have been attempting to find a counterexample. We figured a function that begins oscillating infinitely many times near c but converges to c would work. We're having difficulty constructing such a function out of elementary functions so we think we will have to define it in another way, piece-wise using receding intervals. I have no clue how this would look. Any advice would be greatly appreciated. How to favorite a question from Android app? What is the minimum distribution for LaTeX when is this series convergent. Let $(x,y)\in \mathbb{R^2}$ and consider the series   $$\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\sum_{\ell,\,k=0}^n \frac{k^2 x^k y^\ell}{\ell!}$$  Then for what values $(x,y)$ the series converges. I have absolutely no idea how to deal with it. While I'm aware of  it does not quite answer my question. I have a simple sentence:     If any of the devices was not switched off, do something.   Is there supposed to be was or were? I was thinking about was since it could be rephrased as:     If any one of the devices was not switched off, do something.   But maybe that does not make any sense at all. Also, this is for a technical documentation where more formal language is preferred, not sure if that makes any difference. In my book, the following are described to be the steps that one must follow if he wishes to find the direction of static friction force acting on an object:  &quot;(1) Draw the F.B.D(free body diagram) of the object in question with respect to the other object on which it is kept. (2) Include the pseudo force also, if the contact surface is accelerating. (3) Decide the direction of the resultant force and resolve this force into two components; one along the surface of contact and the other along the normal to this surface. (4) The direction of static friction is opposite to the component of the result force along the contact surface.&quot;  Firstly, are these steps correct? Will I always obtain the correct answer by following these steps? Secondly, consider the following problem:  In questions like these, when I try to find the resultant force and then assign the direction to static friction, I find that my answer is incorrect! Are there some other steps to follow when I know that the object is definitely accelerating in one direction or another? Edit 1: I approached the above question by doing exactly what my book suggests; first, I identified all the forces acting on the smaller block, being the normal force applied by the block A and its weight mg downward. Adding these two forces, I get another force that actually acts on the body like so:  I wonder if I'm not supposed to take either of the contact forces into consideration when drawing the F.B.D to figure out the direction of static friction acting on the body. Also, are there other steps for finding the direction of kinetic friction? Edit 2: From Judge's answer, I have been able to figure out my mistake, it being that I completely missed step (3) and didn't resolve the resultant force into components! Sheesh. Sorry! Much thanks in advance! :) Regards. ATMEGA328P standalone sketch doesn't work as expected Setting up different application instances under one DNS