Desktop loads, but no dash. Ubuntu 15.04
Unity doesn't load, no Launcher, no Dash appears
Why does Yoda speak the way he does? Yoda's unique speech consisting of reversed grammar is iconic.  Is there any reason he has adopted this speech pattern?  All other alien species encountered seem to have no trouble speaking normally. Why does Yoda speak in this way? Checking if file is checked out through CSOM Is there a way to check if a file is checked out by another user? I am going trhough a list file by file and would like to avoid the "file is opened by another user" error. Something like this would be nice:  Guid id = new Guid(slideLibrary); // ID of Slide-Library. List list = ctx.Web.Lists.GetById(id); ListItemCollection items = list.GetItems(CamlQuery.CreateAllItemsQuery()); ctx.Load(items); // Loading all the fields System.Security.SecureString pwd = new System.Security.SecureString(); foreach (char c in "pwd".ToCharArray()) pwd.AppendChar(c);  ctx.Credentials = new SharePointOnlineCredentials(login, pwd); ctx.ExecuteQuery();  // Iterating through all the entries. foreach (var item in items) {     String currentID = item["ID"].ToString(); // Getting the ID of the current item.      if (!item.IsCheckedOut()) // This is the part I am looking for.     {        // Do stuff     }     else     {        Console.WriteLine("Item is blocked, skipping it.")     } }   I have yet not been able to find something fitting. Is 'clamp' a formally recognized mathematical function? I was surprised to find the clamp function absent from  and . Is this mainly a concept particular to computer programming? Is it known by another name in mathematics? I'll be editing the Wikipedia shortly to include a reference to this function but I want to make sure I'm not omitting some synonymous terms I'm currently unaware of.  $$   \operatorname{clamp}(x) = \max( a , \min( x , b ) ) \in [a,b] $$ Inverse of Strictly Monotone Function Calculating half derivative of $x$ using Cauchy's repeated integral formula As far as I know, Cauchy's repeated integral formula is defined as: $$(I^nf)(t)=\frac{1}{\Gamma(n)}\int_a^x (x-t)^{n-1}\space f(t)\space\space dt,\space\space n\notin Z_{\le 0}$$  I know that Gamma function is not defined for negative integers and $0$. I also know that differentiation and integration are inverse operators so I thought of finding $\frac{-1}{2}$th antiderivative of $f(x)=x$ so that I can find the half derivative of $x$. However it seems that it does not work. What is the problem with this? Am I missing something or is it not possible? I know some other ways of finding half derivative of $x$, so what I am asking is the problem about what I tried.  My attempt: $$\frac{1}{\Gamma\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)} \int^x_0(x-t)^{-\frac{3}{2}}\space t\space dt=\frac{x}{2\sqrt{\pi}}\int^0_x u^{-\frac{3}{2}}\space (x-u)\space du$$  This definite integral is divergent and so I cannot get to a result. I have installed Ubuntu on my D: partition using Wubi. Is there any way in which I can remove my Windows from C: drive and move my existing Ubuntu installation to C: drive and make it a regular install. Purpose: Construct a 95% confidence interval for $\theta$.   A common strategy is to construct a confidence interval for $\log(\theta)$ and then exponentiate.  Why is it valid?   My concern is that $E(\log(\theta)) \neq \log(E(\theta))$ and $Var(\log(\theta)) \neq \log(Var(\theta))$...   Do people use this back transformation because it has proven to work fine? What about other transformations (e.g. logit)? Apparently,   $$ \sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{n}{2^n} $$  converges to 2. I'm trying to figure out why. I've tried viewing it as a geometric series, but it's not quite a geometric series since the numerator increases by 1 every term. Making voltmeter accepting bipolar input voltage, using a microcontroller I want to build a very simple voltmeter using ATMEGA328 ADC. I can successfully measure up to 20v (using a voltage divider), but the problem is, I don't understand how to measure the voltage properly, if negative and positive terminals are switched.   Only way I could think of is adding another ADC input which is responsible for measuring the 'inverted voltage'. The join both ADC inputs, but add diodes in between, so one channel works with (+-) and the other channel works with (-+) and then 'merge' the input from both channels using code. Then I should be able to measure things like sin wave for example (where polarities switch).   Is the concept correct or is there a better way to do this? Thanks! There's a way to safely try KDE on top of an Ubuntu installation, keeping the possibility to revert the changes in case I dislike how it runs? Windows 10 Icon Gone Missing TL;DR: The Windows 10 upgrade icon went missing. How do I get it back in order to update my system? I am running Windows 7 SP1.   I woke up this morning... er, noon all excited about Windows 10. I had reserved my copy using the clever little icon in the taskbar a few weeks back, so I thought I would be set to go. I booted my computer and checked the icon to see if it would download the update. It still behaved the same as if Windows 10 wasn't launched yet. I supposed this was normal behaviour. After all, Microsoft can't roll out the update to everyone at once.   Windows Update did want me to install several updates though. I installed KB2952664, KB3064209 and KB3048761. Everything went fine, and I was prompted to restart my system.   After restarting, the icon wasn't there anymore. I tried a lot of solutions including the answers provided by our awesome community on , and the answer provided to  posted on the Microsoft Windows support forums.   How do I get the icon back in order to update my system?  UPDATES:   Installing from the Media Creation Tool does not working with an error "Something Happened" with as description "Something Happened". Both are translated from Dutch.  I tried to install it from the Media Creation Tool using PowerISO to mount the created ISO. It will not accept my product key, even though I am able to verify my Windows installation is already registered and the product key is correct. I looked into the Event Log, and GWX-Ins has a bunch of error messages saying: Error message: GWX Main: App failed to start hresult. After that it says what is roughly translated to English as "Cannot find the element". Verbless sentence I thought I heard my teacher said: 'Don't construct a sentence without a verb.'  Is there such rule in english grammar?     She looks like 70 years old. Perhaps older.   How about the question above? Is it correct? Is there any book that can be used references for wide range of topics in grammar(including syntax, morphology et cetera)? I have finished oxford grammar in use recently and think it wasn't enough for me. In a Poisson model, what is the difference between using time as a covariate or an offset? I recently discovered how to model exposures over time using the log of (e.g.) time as an offset in a Poisson regression.  I understood that the offset corresponds to having time as covariate with coefficient 1.  I'd like to better understand the difference between using time as an offset or as a normal covariate (therefore estimating the coefficient). In which situation should I want to use one method or the other?  UPGRADE: I don't know if it is interesting, but I ran a validation of the two methods using randomly split data repeated 500 times and I noticed that using the offset method leads to a larger test error. For a simple circuit with a battery supplying a voltage $V$ to a capacitor, let us assume that the charge on the capacitor is $Q$. Now, the work done by the battery or the energy supplied is given by the relation:  $$W=QV$$  But the energy stored in the capacitor is given by:  $$U = \tfrac12 QV$$  The value of $Q$ as well as that of $V$ should be the same in both the equations.  Now my question is, where is the other half of the energy that the battery supplied? While I am familiar with Descartes and the oft-quoted idea, I think therefore I am, I am not familiar with any philosophy that actively sought to rationalize that anybody else exists.  Are there philosophers who analyzed this question? Or is it taken for granted that it is (im)possible for anybody to validate their own existence to somebody else? MySQL Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' In my server, everytime I try to access MySQL I get the error:        Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)   when I try mysqladmin -u root -p password I get        Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)   How can I access MySQL in my Ubuntu server 12.04? I am seeking advice on which memory to use with my motherboard and CPU. Below are my components and some relevant information extracted from their official websites.   NOTE: Although this is a very specific case, a general answer is equally good for me — and also alot more useful for everyone else!  CPU: AMD Phenom II X4 810   ASUS M4A785TD-V EVO listed as one of many  motherboards.   Motherboard: ASUS M4A785TD-V EVO   4 x DIMM, Max. 16 GB, DDR3 1800(O.C.)*/1600(O.C.)/1333/1066/800 ECC,Non-ECC,Un-buffered Memory Dual Channel memory architecture (Complete list of specs: ).   NOTE II: I wouldn't want to do any overclocking as I have no experience with that. So I think the 1333 MHz is the most appropriate. Since the higher frequencies are marked with "O.C."  Questions:   How can I be certain that a specific RAM will work well (or not work) together with my CPU and motherboard? (The Qualified Vendor List is a good starting point, but it's a bit limited and sometimes a bit outdated). Is it true that choice of memory is not independent of the processor? How?    I'm worried I'll be missing something essential when buying my next RAM chips :) "Never say die?" What's the deal with this idiom? I know what it means, but cannot wrap my head around its grammar structure. The sentence structure of     "Never say die"   looks like that of     "Never admit defeat"   but it does not make the same grammatical+semantical sense.  Is it an archaic use? Is it a contraction of a longer phrase? Was it originally misspoken by someone of note and survived memetically? What are its roots?  Edit: Well, the comments made me realize that I worded my question poorly. I'm not saying I think this phrase is ungrammatical. I'm asking how the heck "saying 'die'" came to mean what it means. How to run Java code using Java code? I know the "textbook" estimate of the standard error of a proportion is $SE=\sqrt{\frac{p(1-p)}{n}}$, but does this hold up when the data are weighted?