How to extract a .zip file in Unity?
How to unzip a zip file from the Terminal?
Showcase of beautiful typography done in TeX & friends If you were asked to show examples of beautifully typeset documents in TeX &amp; friends, what would you suggest? Preferably documents available online (I'm aware I could go to a bookstore and find many such documents called 'books'). Extra bonus for documents whose LaTeX source is available.  This is not an idle question. Seeing great examples of any craft is both educational and inspiring, let alone explaining why we prefer TeX to Word or other text editors.  For instance, I like how Philipp Lehman's  looks. I don't know enough LaTeX to realize how much customization was done, but the ToC looks polished.  Your nominations, please ... Oversized \underbrace's label causes unwanted spacing Consider this:  \left( x-1 \right) \underbrace{ \left( ? \right) }_{ \text{what is this?} }   The label is longer than the braced portion, which causes unwanted space between the parentheses.  Is there a way around that, so that the parentheses "touch" as they would normally?  Please note that I just started on LaTeX, and I'm using TexMaths inside LibreOffice Writer. I would like my JSON output in Ruby on Rails to be "pretty" or nicely formatted.   Right now, I call to_json and my JSON is all on one line.  At times this can be difficult to see if there is a problem in the JSON output stream.  Is there way to configure to make my JSON "pretty" or nicely formatted in Rails? I have long been confused about this notion. I know that for a statement within a single category, forming the dual statement is just reversing every arrows. But what about a statement concerning several categories and functors between them?   Mac Lane suggests reversing all arrows in all categories and leaving the functors invariant in his book "Categories for the working mathematician" (page 32), but it seems that Mac Lane himself doesn't always follow this discipline (when he states "the dual of Yoneda Theorem", he doesn't reverse the arrows in $\mathbf{Set}$ !) Can anyone give me a formal definition of "dualize a statement in category theory"? I'm a Canadian citizen with a Canadian passport. I booked a flight with American Airlines to Mexico City From Toronto Pearson and it says that "Passenger details are needed to check in".  Flight 1: YYZ -> DFW -> MEX Flight 2: MEX -> DFW -> YYZ     They already took my name, gender and such. It is now asking for my passport number and expiry date. That all seems reasonable. However, when I enter that I am a Canadian resident it asks for:  1) Street or hotel in US 2) City in US 3) State in US    My trip to DFW is only for a connecting flight. The fields are required so I can't submit my passport information without filling this in.    Is there something I'm missing? Why is the observable universe so big? The observable universe is approximately 13.7 billion years old. But yet it is 80 billion light years across. Isn't this a contradiction? We know that in high temperature, resistivity in metals goes linearly with temperature. As temperature is lowered, resistivity goes first as $T^5$ due to "electron-phonon" interaction, and then goes as $T^2$ as temperature is further lowered due to "electron-electron" interactions.   My question is, is there an intuitive way of understanding the above power-law dependence at each temperature range physically? Regular Expression: Numeric range A grim and tragic question perhaps, but I'm curious:  What happens when a person that co-signed on a loan dies? Is the co-signer's estate potentially liable until the loan is paid off, the same as if the co-signer had borrowed the money themselves?  Or, does the responsibility for the loan die with the co-signer?  Does the bank/lender take on that risk? We roll a die until each side appears at least once, then we stop.     What is the probability of rolling exactly $n$ dice?   I guess the answer is  $$6-6\left(\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^n\;,$$  but this may be wrong.  In trying to solve this problem, I read , but I couldn't solve the problem. How to pronounce '-ing' followed by a vowel I'm getting into English recently and I'm a little confused by the way people pronounce a word that starts in a vowel right after a word ending in -ing.  For example:      You have to bring it up now?   I don't know if I should pronounce it as:   bring /ŋit/ brin' /nit/ bring /git/   Another example would be "I'm coming out".  Likewise, what about the ending -ang? For example:      We can just hang out and have a good time.    And to round it all up, what about a combination of the two? For example,      He got sick of hanging around waiting for you and went home.   I've been asking myself these questions for weeks. I was thinking about this issue from time to time but I didn't know whether it really exists or just an speculation on my side until today when I woke up [!], I saw  downvoted (in the meantime I'll leave that answer unedited for the sake of discussion; note that this is just a sample. I'm not asking "how to deal with this specific answer." The question is completely general as it's nearly impossible to keep track of all of your answers to see whether they require updating or not). While the downvoter didn't explain a thing, I suspect the reason is that the answer is no longer applicable (It's one of the new features in iPhone OS 3.0). As we go to celebrate a long sequence of birthdays for Stack Overflow (hopefully!), we're going to see lots of answers become obsolete. How we're going to deal with this issue? How can I prove the maximum number of edges? On my book it says that the maximum number of edges E, in a simply connected undirected unweighted graph $G(V,E)$ is $\dfrac{|V|(|V|-1)}{2}$.  How can I show that it is true? Thanks! Why do students go for a PhD even when chances of getting academic jobs on its completion are slim? This is in reference to my question: .  I was told in the answer of the above linked question that chances of landing a job as an assistant professor in Mathematics are quite slim. Very few people will actually get a permanent position in academia.  An article of 2014 shows only 0.5-3% of PhD graduates will actually get a job as an Assistant Professor.  But I have two questions:        Why do so many people still apply for a PhD in some reputed institutes in India even knowing the harsh reality? I found there are 1500 applications for four PhD scholarship positions.          One answer says that people move to industry, but I still don’t understand how after doing a PhD in suppose differential geometry or algebraic geometry one can do a job in industry if he/she gets no position as an assistant professor.   Will one be satisfied to do some managerial work in some Consultancy firm after doing a PhD in Mathematics?      Are people jobless after a PhD?   Completion of a PhD requires so much effort. So why is there no value after doing it?      NOTE:  In the most up-voted answer below it has been said that many who enroll for  a PhD don't even wish to pursue an academic career.  I have been asking my seniors who are currently pursuing a PhD or are in the verge of completing their degree or who have completed it. They said that they all want to be Professors in some Universities and want to be involved in research because that is the dream job for them.  I am obviously talking about PhD in Mathematics Do images uploaded to imgur.com have any backup? Custom Gmail labels sort I want to sort the labels in my own order instead of the default abc order, so that, for example, the label named bills should come up first.  Any way to do that? I am wondering why matrix factorization techniques in the machine learning domain almost always expect the provided matrix to be non-negative. What is the advantage of this constraint?  Background: I want to use matrix factorization algorithms for a sparse user-item matrix containing positive and negative implicit feedback. Is there any another possibility to set interactions with negative indications apart from fields that denote that no interaction happened between the user and the item? "Thus" vs. "so" in formal English Why are there no Pokémon near me? Nested indenting issue How to get correct indentation after entering a nested list? I am writing a code review and I could not figure this out by googling. Here is an example of the three formatting styles I tried to use (but none of them works as I would like):  Case 1  The task is to align the last line (see below) "In the first line you use camelCase..." with the last line above the numbered list. In my first attempt, I added a new line (empty line) after the second numbered list item, and then indented by 4 spaces:     Variable name casing: See  on "Snake Case". In Perl, we use "snake_case" instead of "camelCase", and be consistent. Example:   Line 14: my $testType  Line 18: my $right_frame   In the first line you use camelCase, whereas in the second you use     snake_case.     As you can see, this gives the correct indentation but it introduces a blank line above the first numbered item.  Case 2  In this case I do not add the blank line after the second numbered list item ( but still indent by 4 spaces ):     Variable name casing: See  on "Snake Case". In Perl, we use "snake_case" instead of "camelCase", and be consistent. Example:   Line 14: my $testType  Line 18: my $right_frame In the first line you use camelCase, whereas in the second you use     snake_case.      In this case the line is considered as part of the last list item  Case 3  In this case, I try to add two blank spaces (invisible) at the end of the second list item:     Variable name casing: See  on "Snake Case". In Perl, we use "snake_case" instead of "camelCase", and be consistent. Example:   Line 14: my $testType  Line 18: my $right_frame In the first line you use camelCase, whereas in the second you use     snake_case.      In this case the line is considered part of the second item, and hence not correctly indented.  How to achieve the correct indentation?