Grub lists unknown kernels
How do you run update-grub?
How to loop over the lines of a file? Say I have this file:  hello world hello world   This program  #!/bin/bash  for i in $(cat $1); do     echo "tester: $i" done   outputs  tester: hello tester: world tester: hello tester: world   I'd like to have the for iterate over each line individually ignoring whitespaces though, i.e. the last two lines should be replaced by  tester: hello world   Using quotes for i in "$(cat $1)"; results in i being assigned the whole file at once. What should I change? I want to uninstall and completely remove QGIS installation from my computer(windows vista). I have uninstalled it and when i try to reinstall it says it is already installed on the system. Kepler problem in time: how do two gravitationally attracted particles move? Two particles with initial positions and velocities $r_1,v_1$ and $r_2,v_2$ are interacting by the inverse square law (with G=1), so that  $$ {d^2r_1\over dt^2} = - { m_2(r_1-r_2)\over |r_1-r_2|^3} $$ $$ {d^2r_2\over dt^2} = - { m_1(r_2-r_1)\over |r_1-r_2|^3} $$  (the inverse square law along the line of separation). What is the complete solution of these differential equations? What is the position of the two objects as a function of time?  After reading a lot on Wikipedia, I've come to the definition of center of mass and relative coordinates:   $$R(t) ~=~ \frac{m_1 r_1 + m_2 r_2}{m_1+m_2}$$  $$\ddot{r}(t) r(t)^2 ~=~ (m_1+m_2)G$$  Where $R$ is the center of mass, and $r$ is the displacement between the particles... Is this correct? How do I proceed to solve the differential equation? Is there some sort of classification of all minimal non-cyclic groups? Does there exist some sort of classification of all minimal non-cyclic groups (non-cyclic groups, such that all their proper subgroups are cyclic)  I know the following classes of such groups:  1) $C_p × C_p$, where $p$ is a prime  2) $Q_8$  3) $\langle a,b | a^p = b^{q^m} = 1, b^{−1}ab = a^{r}\rangle$, where $p$ and $q$ are distinct primes and $r ≡ 1 \pmod q$, $r^q ≡1 \pmod p$.  (These three classes completely cover the case, when our group is finite: )  4)$C_{p^{\infty}}$, where $p$ is a prime  5)$(\{ \frac{n}{p^m}| m, n \in \mathbb{Z} \}, +)$, where $p$ is a prime  (These two classes completely cover the case, when our group is infinite abelian: )  6)Infinite non-abelian groups, such that all their nontrivial proper subgroups are isomorphic to $C_{p}$ for a fixed prime $p$ (Tarski monster groups)  7)Infinite non-abelian groups, such that all their nontrivial proper subgroups are isomorphic to $C_{\infty}$ ().  However, I do not know, whether there exists anything, that does not fall into these classes. I only know, that if such groups exist, they have to be infinite non-abelian. Connecting MySql with Android without using PHP MSO Review Queue Privileges are Misleading When I visit Stack Overflow, I see the review option in the bar at the top of the screen.    However when on MSO, I don't see it. I assumed this was because I didn't have enough reputation to access the queue. I was curious what the requirement was on meta, so I moseyed on over to the privileges page. To my surprise, I saw that the privilege is listed as only requiring 500 rep and informs me I already have it:    Confused, I manually typed in meta.stackoverflow.com/review to see what would happen. The page did in fact load, but as you can see meta has no "First Posts" or "Late Answers" queue.    Seeing on that page that a minimum of 2k reputation is required to access any queues on MSO, I report the following bug:  1) On the privileges list on MSO, the 500 rep privilege of "Access first posts and late answers review queues" should not appear.  I also have the following feature request:  2) On the privileges list on MSO, it would be useful if instead there was a 2k privilege that informed you that you have access to the "Suggested Edits" and "Low Quality Posts" queues. Rule of thumb for number of bootstrap samples I wonder if someone knows any general rules of thumb regarding the number of bootstrap samples one should use, based on characteristics of the data (number of observations, etc.) and/or the variables included? I am getting the following error in the top menu bar:     An error occurred.Please run the Package Manger form the right-click menu or apt-get in a terminal to see what is wrong.The error message was:'Error:BrokenCount>0'.This usually means that your installed packages have unmet dependencies. Reprojected MODIS NDVI has range from -32768 to 32767, expected -1 to 1 I'm studying for a midterm and need some help with proving summation     $$\sum\limits_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}2^k = 3^n$$   using the binomial theorem.  This is what I've been thinking so far:   In the binomial theorem, we set $x = 0$ and $y = 2$, so:  $3^n = (x+y)^n = \sum\limits_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}y^k$  $ = \sum\limits_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}2^k$  Am I getting this correct so far or completely wrong? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks. Am wondering if somewhere there is a list of industry "minimums" for browser support. My company release two "portals" over the past 6 months and did very little to support IE8 users, who at this time, according to my G Analytics makes up about 14% of all IE visitors. Amazingly enough IE7 is 25%...  Figured support for IE7 was out the window already, but figured 14% was significant enough to warrant some support.  Any arguments to support my side of wanting to support IE8?  Any arguments to NOT support IE8? How does the CS:GO ranking system work? Linux: Case-INSENSITIVE Filesystem Where are Steam games installed? I want to buy a new notebook in the near future to play games on it. I'm looking forward for the new Steam for Linux client. My question is that where does the Steam install the games, on the home partition, or in the usr folder, or somewhere else? I do not use pre-release (i.e. beta) versions of either Steam or Ubuntu. I wanted to discuss my intuition of why we formulate the concept of continuity in terms of pre-image of open set is open instead of images for example if we consider $f(x) = c$ where $c$ is some constant, then that should be continuous, but if we formulated continuity in terms of images it won't be continuous. Is the reason we do it that way, because pre-images will always guarantee that function in the domain can only have $1$ value? How do I know if food left at room temperature is still safe to eat? What does the following for loop syntax mean in C? When writing (a blog post, script, etc..) what is the proper way to indicate two or more instances of a single letter? For instance, in Monty Python's Bookshop Sketch:     C: I wonder if you might have a copy of "Rarnaby Budge"?      P: No, as I say, we're right out of Edmund Wells!      C: No, not Edmund Wells - Charles Dikkens.      P: (pause - eagerly) Charles Dickens??      C: Yes.      P: (excitedly) You mean "Barnaby Rudge"!      C: No, "Rarnaby Budge" by Charles Dikkens.  That's Dikkens with two Ks, the      well-known Dutch author.      P: (slight pause) No, well we don't have "Rarnaby Budge" by Charles Dikkens      with two Ks, the well-known Dutch author, and perhaps to save time I      should add that we don't have "Karnaby Fudge" by Darles Chickens, or      "Farmer of Sludge" by Marles Pickens, or even "Stickwick Stapers" by Farles      Wickens with four M's and a silent Q!!!!!  Why don't you try W. H. Smith's?      C: Ah did, They sent me here.   I had always believed that plural never uses an apostrophe before the 's' (it's only used for possession), but I have rarely seen in written material the format "four Ms". (On a side note, whoever wrote  also used "two Ks".)  On a side note, and perhaps this should be a separate question, if a Compact Disc is a CD, then two Compact Discs would be two CDs right? (I see "CD's" written everywhere) Do I need a US visa to transit (or layover) through an American airport? Verbatim Environment in Figure Caption verbatim environment is not working in figure caption. Checked  and  is not working.  \documentclass[11pt, double space]{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{color} \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage[autostyle, english = american]{csquotes} \MakeOuterQuote{"} \usepackage{cprotect}  \begin{document} \begin{figure}[!h] \caption{Sample 1 \cprotect\begin{verbatim} \tau(A) = e^{\chi_0A/(KD_p(K+A))} \end{verbatim} per hour.} \label{fig:singlecell_chemo} \end{figure}  \end{document}   I have tried cprotect package also. Any help.