What's the term for fallaciously including an assumption in a question?
What's the term when you ask a question which implies a lie?
In a linear program, I have a variable $y$ that must obey $y=\max(x-a,0)$ where $x$ is a linear combination of the other variables and $a$ is a constant. $x$ and $y$ and $a$ are always non-negative. If the objective function decreases w.r.t. $y$, then adding the constraint $y\geq x-a$ makes it work. Are there any way to add dummy varibles and contraints such that $y=\max(x-a,0)$ when the objective function increases w.r.t. $y$? I can't say $y\leq x-a$ because if $x-a&lt;0$ it contradicts the non-negativity of $y$ whereby the solution might no longer be in the feasible region or the problem might even be infeasible. Increasing the Size of Beamer Footer I work in Beamer extensively (specifically the Madrid theme). Sometimes, my "title" is quite long. Beamer puts this title at the bottom, but when it's too long it cuts it off. I'd really like to know how to increase the size of the bottom middle rectangular footer.    Here's the code (sorry for all of the packages and commands):  \documentclass[t]{beamer} %Add "mathserif" to script math lettering. "t" places all text to start at the top of each slide \usetheme{Madrid}  %Packages  \usepackage{amsmath} %Math mode \usepackage{amssymb} %Math mode \usepackage{commath} \usepackage{graphicx} %Including pictures \usepackage{color} %Define colours \usepackage{setspace} %Enables double-spacing/variable spacing \usepackage{pgfplots} %Draw graphs \usepackage{upgreek} %Insert theta symbol as unitalicized  \usepackage[version=3]{mhchem} %Chemistry equation mode \ce{} \usepackage[export]{adjustbox} %Place black borders around images \usepackage{scrextend} %Used to change font size \usepackage{caption} %Used to utilize * in caption function \usepackage{subfig} %Used to place figures side-by-side with sub-captions \usepackage{siunitx} %SI Units (+ scientific notation) \usepackage{cancel} \usepackage{fancybox} %\usepackage{enumitem} %Making lists %\usepackage[english]{babel} %Lists with letters  %Erases Beamer Navigation Symbols on the bottom left \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}  %\setbeamertemplate{footline}{} \captionsetup[subfigure]{labelformat=empty}  %Defined Colours \definecolor{orangered}{RGB}{255,69,0} \definecolor{darkgreen}{RGB}{0,100,0}  \definecolor{firebrick}{RGB}{178, 34, 34} \definecolor{navy}{RGB}{0,0,128} \definecolor{lightsteelblue}{RGB}{176,196,222} \definecolor{steelblue}{RGB}{70,130,180} \definecolor{darkslateblue}{RGB}{72, 61, 139} \definecolor{forestgreen}{RGB}{34, 139, 34} \definecolor{Gold}{RGB}{218,165,32}  %Defined Colour Theme and List Sizing \setbeamercolor{structure}{fg = Gold} \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}  \setbeamerfont*{itemize/enumerate body}{size=\normalsize} \setbeamerfont*{itemize/enumerate subbody}{parent=itemize/enumerate body} \setbeamerfont*{itemize/enumerate subsubbody}{parent=itemize/enumerate body}  %Opening Title Page \title{Chapter 7 - Absolute Value and Reciprocal Functions} \subtitle{Section 7.3 - Absolute Value Equations} \date{}  \begin{document}     %Slide 1     \maketitle \end{document} I have a spreadsheet in Google Docs with two data rows and lots of columns like so:    Is it possible to easily convert these rows into two columns and lots of rows (obviously retaining all information and formulas)? In other words, to something like this:   19.9.2009   967,15 €  28.9.2009   950,78 € 12.11.2009   942,03 € ..           ..   There's probably a neat mathematical term for such a conversion, but I don't remember which (matrix something?). Feel free to suggest a better name for the question.  Edit: To clarify, ultimately I want to get rid of the original (two row) version and continue working on the converted one. TRANSPOSE(), , got me very close but not quite there. I want the raw data in the transposed version, not cells that mirror the original ones. How to get current CPU and RAM usage in Python? Can somebody tell me why the counting measure (so, if $S=P(X)$, then $\mu(A)$=infinity if $A$ isn't finite and $\mu(A)=$#$A$ if $A$ is finite) is a measure? (The second property of a measure isn't clear for me). I'm designing this animal-type creature, and want to add a transparent .png image to its face with the face features (object has a subsurf). On the left is the image with the features, on the right is the part of the object where I want it to be.    I tried to import the image as a plane, but matching the shape of the plane with the face didn't work, and the lines of the face left shadows on the head, and could be seen as a different object from some angles (although it's the closest I've gotten yet). It looked like this:    So , I tried selecting the faces of the head that the features should go over, and create a new material for it. Unfortunately, since the .png is transparent, the result produced was this:    (where it's impossible to tell the transparency from a black background default color, and where I wouldn't know where to start to adjust size and position).  I also tried UV mapping, but then the whole object became black with the features repeated all over.   Is it something I have to go into Nodes for? I'm kind of stuck here. Creating a new material and applying it is simple, but applying a material that is an image is a bit more complex it seems... Ideally, I would reproduce the same technique for the adhesive bandage on its arm (seen on the right of image 1). Possible bug in sidebar "question asked:" date Checking for valid floating point number By definition $\aleph_1 = 2 ^{\aleph_0}$. And since $2 &lt; \aleph_0$, then $2^{\aleph_0} = {\aleph_1} \le \aleph_0 ^ {\aleph_0}$. However, I do not know what exactly $\aleph_0 ^ {\aleph_0}$ is or how I could compute it. I am creating a controller for a 12 V system using an Arduino Uno microcrontroller. For the outputs I am using a relay shield to switch the 12 V components. I have a 12 V toggle switch that turns on some 12 V components in the system and I want to use a trigger signal off of this same switch to send to an Arduino digital input. I know that the Arduino can only handle 5 V max. What would be the best way to step down the 12 V coming off of the switch to the 5 V for the input?  EDIT: The system is for use in a car. Would the amperage of the car battery need to be lowered somehow as to not blow up the components? Can I delete unnecessary device simulators of Xcode? I found that Xcode on my laptop consumes much of its storage, so I am trying to delete unnecessary files in Xcode.  There are four directories under Application/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/. I feel that WatchSimulator.platform and AppleTVSimulator.platform are not necessary, because I use Xcode almost only for basic iOS development.  I would like to know if I can delete those platforms directories directly? Prove that for every positive integer $n$, $1/1^2+1/2^2+1/3^2+\cdots+1/n^2\le2-1/n$ String concatenation: concat() vs "+" operator Intuitive explanation of unit root How would you explain intuitively what is a unit root, in the context of the unit root test?   I'm thinking in ways of explaining much like I've founded in .  The case with unit root is that I know (little, by the way) that the unit root test is used to test for stationarity in a time series, but it's just it.   How would you go to explain it to the layperson, or to a person who has studied a very basic probability and statistics course?  UPDATE  I accepted whuber's answer as it is what most reflect what I asked here. But I urge everybody that came here to read Patrick's and Michael's answers also, as they are the natural "next step" in understanding the Unit Root. They use mathematics, but in a very intuitive way. How can I add a right-click desktop menu entry to create a text file to Gnome 3 in Ubuntu 16.04.02? Transit Visas for South Africa Undesirable-Overstay Tourists I received an undesirable status for overstaying a SA visa while hospitalized for injuries sustained in Lesotho. I had to cross into SA from Lesotho. Now I am banned entry into SA until Feb 2016 and though I have submitted a waiver request to remove the undesirable status, I hear from some the waiver request may take 4-5 months or even take longer than the time of banishment.  I have a pre-paid safari planned in October in which I need to fly through Johannesburg to get to Botswana. The Jburg border control requires tourists to pass through SA immigration even when simply changing planes.  1) Will SA grant me "transit" access if I don't leave the airport?  2) Will SA allow me to spend a night in the airport as the layover is 12 hours>  Thanks for passing on any info. I saw this movie a while back. I don't remember how it starts, but from where I remember watching it, it may have not been too far from the start. Apparently, Earth has been conquered by some alien empire or something and humanity are basically cavemen being used as slaves. From what I remember, the main antagonist alien is seen taking one of the slaves to a room where a machine is used on him to make him smart; this is apparently a big no-no so the main antagonist and his sidekick have to keep it quiet. The idea was that by making one of the slaves smart, it could increase the work output of the others. Apparently the antagonist is using the slaves on Earth to gather gold bullion  which is apparently still very valuable to the aliens but he's doing it illegally (not the slave labor; that's apparently ok). The protagonist who had the machine used on him becomes the intermediary between the slaves and the aliens and begins teaching the other slaves. I remember him teaching them mathematics and I remember him saying that it was universally accepted (I think he may have been referring to algebra or trigonometry). At some point he becomes aware that they are slaves and organizes a plan to free not only his fellow slaves but the Earth. Some escape and find an old museum which has old flight simulators, and shows that humanity wasn't always a slave race and that it may have been modern times in which Earth was invaded (i.e. no lasers or starships). I think they also find Fort Knox as there is a huge collection of gold bricks and weapons. The protagonist comes up with a plan to destroy some sort of teleporter the aliens use to transport stuff to and from Earth, however that alone wont be enough as they could fight back, which will be bad for humanity, which is still undeveloped. So the plan also includes using the teleporter before destroying it to to transport and detonate a nuclear warhead on the alien home world which apparently cripples any attempt to immediately send a fleet but also as a show of strength. After executing their plan, the main antagonist is captured by the humans and as an insult is locked in a cage surrounded by the gold he sought. If I recall correctly the place is set to detonate as to destroy the precocious gold and that will be used against the aliens should they mobilize a fleet in the future (i.e. attack us and we destroy Earth's supply of gold). The antagonist's side kick for some reason I remember as a big black man from whom the antagonist had removed his hand at some point and also apparently the antagonist was cruel to him. After the antagonist is locked up, he is trying to appeal to his sidekick's loyalty, however the sidekick takes the humans' side, I'm also getting an image that apart from treating him kindly the sidekick's missing hand was restored. How to resolve merge conflicts in Git repository? My singleton accessor method is usually some variant of:  static MyClass *gInstance = NULL;  + (MyClass *)instance {     @synchronized(self)     {         if (gInstance == NULL)             gInstance = [[self alloc] init];     }      return(gInstance); }   What could I be doing to improve this? Removal of statistically significant intercept term increases $R^2$ in linear model In a simple linear model with a single explanatory variable,  $\alpha_i = \beta_0 + \beta_1 \delta_i + \epsilon_i$  I find that removing the intercept term improves the fit greatly (value of $R^2$ goes from 0.3 to 0.9). However, the intercept term appears to be statistically significant.  With intercept:   Call: lm(formula = alpha ~ delta, data = cf)  Residuals:      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max  -0.72138 -0.15619 -0.03744  0.14189  0.70305   Coefficients:             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(&gt;|t|)     (Intercept)  0.48408    0.05397    8.97   &lt;2e-16 *** delta        0.46112    0.04595   10.04   &lt;2e-16 *** --- Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1   Residual standard error: 0.2435 on 218 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared: 0.316,    Adjusted R-squared: 0.3129  F-statistic: 100.7 on 1 and 218 DF,  p-value: &lt; 2.2e-16    Without intercept:   Call: lm(formula = alpha ~ 0 + delta, data = cf)  Residuals:      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max  -0.92474 -0.15021  0.05114  0.21078  0.85480   Coefficients:       Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(&gt;|t|)     delta  0.85374    0.01632   52.33   &lt;2e-16 *** --- Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1   Residual standard error: 0.2842 on 219 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared: 0.9259,   Adjusted R-squared: 0.9256  F-statistic:  2738 on 1 and 219 DF,  p-value: &lt; 2.2e-16    How would you interpret these results? Should an intercept term be included in the model or not?  Edit  Here's the residual sums of squares:  RSS(with intercept) = 12.92305 RSS(without intercept) = 17.69277