Setting a nibble of a 32-bit integer to a certain value
set 4-bit nibble in an int type
How do you use GRASS's v.kernel? I am flummoxed on how to use GRASS's v.kernel.  I have a vector layer of around 2.5 million points. I want to make a heat map using v.kernel to show concentrations, since I have variable instances with overlapping points, sometimes huge overlaps.  I've already gotten this vector layer in GRASS, and it displays just fine.  I've tried using GRASS's v.kernel command based on what I've seen here and on other forums, and I can't get it to do anything besides output a raster that's just a pink square.  Here's the command I'm using:  v.kernel --verbose input=master_grass7 output=master_grass7a_heatmap stddeviation=.0001   I've varied the stddeviation to all sorts of values from 1000000 to .000001, and it had no effect.  I've read the  repeatedly and don't really understand what it's getting at. At least, the instructions are on esoteric concepts, nothing practical. I've also checked the , and I'm not really understanding it, either. Yes, I can read C. The problem is it depends on a lot of stuff defined elsewhere in GRASS GIS.  I've also done a lot of Google searching, and I can't find a comprehensive guide. All that I'm getting are scattered copies of the v.kernel doc/man page or people who apparently got it to work without a fuss.  I've also checked up on the concept of kernel density estimation (KDE), and even then I don't see how to use the v.kernel command. That command appears to be a specific interpretation of KDE; its switches don't appear to correspond well to generic KDE concepts.  So back to the main question here: how can someone who is not intimate with GRASS product development use the v.kernel command? Is there a plain language translation available? override parent theme configuration in child functions.php There is the next characterization for valuation domains:  Let $D$ be an integral domain and $K$ its field of fractions. The following are equivalent:   For every nonzero $x$ in $K$, either $x$ in $D$ or $x^{−1}$ in $D$. The ideals of $D$ are totally ordered by inclusion. The principal ideals of $D$ are totally ordered by inclusion (i.e., the elements in D are totally ordered by divisibility.) There is a totally ordered abelian group $Γ$ (called the value group) and a surjective group homomorphism (called the valuation) $v :$ $K^×$ $→ Γ$ with $D = \{ x ∈$ $K^×$ | $v(x)$ ≥ $0 \}$ $∪$ {0}.   The equivalence between 1, 2 and 3 are clear, and I understand that the fourth can be found in Krull's article (1936), but I don't speak german and I can't find a proof anywhere. Any link or hint will be much appreciated. With the new  and the upcoming release of  film, JK Rowling has been awesome and given us new writing on the .  In the introduction it is stated that there are eleven established/registered schools. There are writings for six of them. I don't think we need a new writing for Hogwarts... so that means seven have been located and defined.   Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry - Great Britain  - France  - Northern Europe (possibly Estonia, Latvia, or Belarus)  - Japan  - Africa (possibly Congo/DRC)  - Brazil  - United States   Do we know anything of possible location or names of the other four schools? I know Koldovstoretz was mentioned as school in Russia, but is that still canon?   Koldovstoretz - Russia (maybe depending on current canon)   The final three are my guesses based on the population and geography on the world.   Name Unknown - China (based on population) Name Unknown - India (based on population) Name Unknown - Australia (based on geography)   Related: Top posts taken from hidden communities From Edit Profile &amp; Settings, we have below information  Hide Communities  Choose which communities will appear in the Communities and Top Network Posts sections of your profile Hiding a community means other users will not see it in your Communities list or Top Network Posts. It does not, however, mean your activity is private.   So it is clearly mentioned  Hiding a community means other users will not see it in your Communities list or Top Network Posts.  But, I could see the top network posts are taken from hidden communities for ex: I have marked 'Christianity' as a hidden community in . But, the top posts has a question taken from Christianity community &quot;&quot; How to start a terminal with certain text already input on the command-line? Rather than rephrasing my question, let me describe to you the desired user-case:  I create a short shell-script to run command "gnome-terminal --someoptionflagname 'my text to be posted'", and execute this script.  Gnome-terminal pops up, with command-line prompt followed by my text.   ie: fields@mycomputer:/$ my text to be posted  Can this be done? I want to create a circuit that can detect audio frequencies and flash RGB LEDs different colors depending on the detected frequency. The frequency range will be from 20 Hz to 12 kHz, after looking at the chart below.   (source: )    So my question is: what circuit design should I choose to make a good frequency detector? I suppose I would need    Preamp for the microphone (is it necessary for the ADC?) Band pass filters (active or passive?) A microcontroller with an onboard ADC that has a sampling rate of at least 24 kHz.   Before I get too excited, are there any circuits out there that already do this? How do I install a Fortran 77 compiler? I have just installed 12.04 LTS on my laptop and I'm kinda new in this. I am required to write some program in Fortran 77 and I need a Fortran 77 compiler. I have tried installing g77 as described in the Ubuntu website but was unable to do so. I have typed in the following in terminal:  sudo apt-get install g77   and get the following:  Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Package g77 is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source  E: Package 'g77' has no installation candidate   May I know what is the problem? I have tried searching g77 in the software center but apparently it is not there. Does this mean it is not available for 12.04?  I'm currently using an Asus K43S laptop with Intel Core i5-2450M processor and my Ubuntu is installed alongside Windows. How do I change skins in minecraft pe? This question is asked in various forms here but the question boils down to:  I know shrinking a database is risky. In this case, I've removed so much data and I'll never use it again.   How can I shrink my database? What files do I shrink?  What should my considerations be while doing this?  Should I do anything after? What if it is a large database? Can I shrink it in smaller increments? Krull dimension of this local ring I want to know what the Krull dimension of this ring $\mathbb C[x,y]_p/(y^2-x^7,y^5-x^3)$ is, where $p\neq (0,0)$. I know the dimension of it in the origin point, but I don't know other cases. How to force a table into page width? Letter O with vertical line: operator null What's the difference between Synchronized and Lock in my example? Can a matrix have a null space that is equal to its column space? I had a question in a recent assignment that asked if a $3\times 3$ matrix could have a null space equal to its column space... clearly no, by the rank+nullity theorem... but I have a hard time wrapping my head around the concept of such a matrix, no matter what size, even existing. How could this be possible, and does anybody have an example of such a $m\times n$ matrix? Order of a homomorphism of groups How can I upgrade Mac OS without the administrator password? I recently received an old iMac secondhand.  I have no way to reach the original owner. I am trying to upgrade the OS software, but the prompts demand the administrator's name (which is auto-filled) and password (which I do not have).  I understand why these security features are in place, but is there any way in the world for me to access Admin. privileges without the password? Is there an open dense set $S \subset [0,1]$ such that $m(S)<1$? $m$ is the Lebesgue measure. I was thinking that: $\Bbb Q$ is dense and $m(\Bbb Q)=0&lt;1$ but it fails to be open, but maybe I could construct an open set from this fact, or also using that $(0,1)$ is a dense and open subset but $m(0,1)=1$.   Any hints or ideas will be very appreciated. Thanks. Syntax highlighting language hints Do you think it would be worthwhile to provide hints as to what language to use for the syntax highlighting?  Sometimes I find the highlighting on SQL or VB.NET answers is more distracting than helpful; for example:       to pick the two I've been looking at recently. I found an asnwered question concerning this topic already here:  Copying \captionsetup[subfigure]{justification=centering} doesn't help me thought for I am using different packages.  I would like my Captions and Subcaptions to be justified as the text below. Just under my pictures. Any suggestions?  Thanks a lot  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{subfig} \usepackage[labelfont=bf, justification=justified]{caption} \usepackage[demo]{graphicx}% Remove demo option in real document  \begin{document}     \begin{figure} %   \captionsetup[subfigure]{justification=centering}     \centering       \subfloat[Subcaption one \newline including a linebreak ]   {     \includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{image1}     }     \hspace{1cm}     \subfloat[Subcaption two \newline including a linebreak]     {     \includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{image2}     }        \caption{Figure caption \newline with additional text right here} \end{figure}  \begin{center} This is correctly justified Text \\ including a longer linebreak than blabla. \end{center} \end{document}