Why does my footer only stay on the bottom if it's position is fixed
How do you get the footer to stay at the bottom of a Web page?
I am creating a controller for a 12 V system using an Arduino Uno microcrontroller. For the outputs I am using a relay shield to switch the 12 V components. I have a 12 V toggle switch that turns on some 12 V components in the system and I want to use a trigger signal off of this same switch to send to an Arduino digital input. I know that the Arduino can only handle 5 V max. What would be the best way to step down the 12 V coming off of the switch to the 5 V for the input?  EDIT: The system is for use in a car. Would the amperage of the car battery need to be lowered somehow as to not blow up the components? Conversion Error setting value for 'null Converter' - Why do I need a Converter in JSF? I am trying to estimate summary statistics of points located inside a polygon. Each points in the point layer is associated with N attributes. My target is to summarize (say mean, min,..) the attributes of points located within a polygon and populate the attribute fields of the corresponding polygon.   I am looking for a solution using GeoPandas or other Python libraries.   import geopandas as gpd    gdf_points = gpd.read_file('/path_to_points.json') gdf_polygon = gpd.read_file('/path_to_polygons.json')  dfsjoin = gpd.sjoin(gdf_polygon ,gdf_points)   Now, how can I summarize the stats for each attribute in the point layer and add it to the polygon shapefile? Which function can I use?  I am looking for something that is functionally equivalent to ESRI ArcGIS  with Symbol for “such that” (not in set) How to instruct Windows 8 NOT to perform a fast shutdown? I have enabled fast boot in my copy of Windows 8 but I would like to be able to specifically instruct Windows not to perform a "fast shutdown" whenever I want (without disabling fast boot altogether).  I need to be able to do this because I dual-boot Ubuntu and therefore can't mount an NTFS partition as read/write if Windows has performed a "fast shutdown". (Well okay, I can force the partition to be mounted read/write, but then I could run into data loss/corruption problems.) Multivariate polynomial with no mixed terms iOS 11-13 - unable to paste into comments I’m able to copy-paste from any application to any application. I’m able to copy from a comment or from a question or from an answer. I’m able to paste to a question or answer. However, if I attempt to paste into a comment, nothing happens. I am able to subsequently paste into another application, confirming that the text is actually on the clipboard.   However, copying SE links will paste them successfully, but all other text - including other links - still fails. This leads me to believe that it’s a SE issue and not an Apple one.   This has been an issue since 11.0 beta and persists through iOS 13 release. How do I run specific sudo commands without a password? The model used to open the store is incompatible with the one used to create the store Is for open connected $U$ the set $U_\varepsilon$ for small $\varepsilon$ connected? Let for an open connected subset $U\subset \mathbb R^n$ and a number $\varepsilon &gt;0$: $$ U_\varepsilon=\{x\in U: dist (x, \partial U)&gt; \varepsilon \}. $$ Then  $U_\varepsilon$ is open but in general not connected.  But I suppose that for sufficiently small $\varepsilon &gt;0$ also  $U_\varepsilon$ is connected. How to prove its?  Edit. Let's assume that additionally $U$ is bounded. Is then $U_\varepsilon$ connected? I am lost in normalizing, could anyone guide me please.  I have a minimum and maximum values, say -23.89 and 7.54990767, respectively.  If I get a value of 5.6878 how can I scale this value on a scale of 0 to 1. Not for any specific program, just in general if I wanted to install something via APT how do I know what packages I need to "apt-get install" for that program Which is correct: "drive safe" or "drive safely"? Present and future of bots on Stack Exchange There are discussions on Meta already for some time now about the potential usage of bots on Stack Exchange (SE). The earliest I could find goes back to  , but there have been others , .  Here’s an  about having a bot that tries to answer “easy” questions. The scenario is that (almost) duplicate, simple questions are asked time after time, despite SE’s efforts to prevent this by listing related questions at posting time. This is where the bot could be of service: it could quickly retrieve and post an answer from a previous duplicate (or with smarter Artificial Intelligence - AI)  even from elsewhere on the web, like a user manual or a mailing list discussion). I imagine this might save some review time for moderators, and perhaps users would also enjoy not having to answer over and over again to the same question. Besides, answers would be very fast, which should make everyone happy if they are also of good quality.  This idea of “janitor” bots can have more use cases besides answering “easy” questions (see also discussion ), like suggesting missing tags and re-formatting what should have been code blocks, to name a few.  Yet, despite a long time since these discussions, better Machine Learning Classifiers (ML) and AI over the years, and   , it doesn’t seem that any such bots are among us (except maybe ). As part of a research project at the university, I am trying to understand why this is the case.  For this reason I’d like your opinion on the following:   Do you consider a bot “harmful” for the SE communities?   If yes, would you consider the bot harmful even if   it operates in an automatic manner only in limited scenarios (e.g. specific tags) it operates in a semi-automatic manner (namely with the supervision of a moderator who decides for posting or not the answer).  it operates only for a limited amount of time in a small community (e.g. here).   Would you consider it too risky to give a bot a try? Would you accept an answer provided by a bot?   If not, why ? (e.g. you don’t trust replies from machines)  Would you consider useless a “sloppy” answer by a bot, even if it is provided in just a few seconds? Answers may be not perfect, but they may link to other relevant threads that can help the asker to fix the problem without waiting extra time for a human response. Examples of PCA where PCs with low variance are "useful" $X$ and $Y$ are independent $U(0,1)$ random variables.   I have to find $E[X|X&gt;Y]$.   I found it out by integrating $\int_0^1 \int_y^1 x dxdy$ to get $\frac{1}{3}$ as the answer but this is wrong according to the answer key. What is the mistake that I have made? how to create facebook event in an android app? How to check if a value already exists to avoid duplicates? I've got a table of URLs and I don't want any duplicate URLs. How do I check to see if a given URL is already in the table using PHP/MySQL? Manage SSH Users with MySQL backend Disable sleep on laptop lid close in tty1 I'm using Ubuntu Desktop 15.10 on a laptop and it runs an Apache server with SSH as well. When using a GUI, I have the power options set to not sleep at all even when the laptop lid is closed, but recently I stopped the X-System and am now using TTY1 instead to save resources. However, in TTY1, if I close the laptop lid, the computer goes to sleep and prevents the SSH and Apache server from working. Any way to prevent this easily? The realistic answer I bet is to use Ubuntu Server instead (unless I'm mistaken and Ubuntu Server will also sleep on lid close) but I don't exactly want to switch yet unless there's an easy way to switch to it like you can switch from ubuntu-desktop to lubuntu-desktop? Any advice is welcome to prevent the computer from sleeping