short int as type in a template
Why can templates only be implemented in the header file?
Is “are” a borrowed word? I read somewhere that English is the only language to have borrowed a form of its to be verb from another language. I want to say, if memory serves, that it was are that was borrowed from an early Scandinavian language. Is that so?  I know Old English had sind for one of their pronouns inflections of be, the same as in German.  But did it switch to are naturally from some other gentler evolution, or was it borrowed? Standard graded algebra Getting "Not found" message when running a 32-bit binary on a 64-bit system I have currently a strange problem on debian (wheezy/amd64).  I have created a chroot to install a server (i can't give any more detail about it, sorry). Let's call its path /chr_path/. To make things easy, I have initialized this chroot with a debootstrap (also wheezy/amd64).  All seemed to work well inside the chroot but when I started the installer script of my server I got : zsh: Not found /some_path/perl (the installer includes a perl binary for some reasons)  Naturally, I checked the /some_path/ location and I found the "perl" binary. file in chroot environment returns :  /some_path/perl ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.2.5, not stripped   The file exists, seems ok, has correct rights. I can use file, ls, vim on it but as soon as I try to execute it - ./perl for example - I get : zsh: Not found ./perl.  This situation is quite understandable for me. Moreover :   I can execute other basic binaries (/bin/ls,...) in the chroot without getting errors I have the same problems for other binaries that came with the project When I try to execute the binary from the main root (/chr_path/some_path/perl), it works. I have tried to put one of the binaries with a copy of my ls. I checked that the access rights were the same but this didn't change anything (one was working, and the other wasn't) Essentially, I would like to set my phone so that all my outgoing messages to a specific friend, with whom I currently text back and forth over iMessage, are sent out over SMS, never iMessage. Additionally, I would like to block any incoming iMessage texts of his and (hopefully) they'll fail and be resent via SMS.  Let me restate that: I would like to force SMS for both parties, going both ways, for a specific individual contact.   Is this possible? Blocking any usage of iMessage between myself and this other individual, so they must either send and receive any texts to or from me via SMS (or the texts fail/never arrive). How do you convert a number to a string showing dollars and cents?  eg: 123.45    =&gt; '$123.45' 123.456   =&gt; '$123.46' 123       =&gt; '$123.00' .13       =&gt; '$0.13' .1        =&gt; '$0.10' 0         =&gt; '$0.00' In fact, I would like to ask more general question -- &quot;what does write permission for a directory allow you to do exactly?&quot; -- but let's approach it with a concrete example. It is a long question, if you are in a hurry read the bold -- it should cover the main part. Different sources (, , ) say something similar to the following on the directory permissions:  r, read -- reading of the directory's content (filenames inside) w, write -- changing the directory's attributes (e.g. modification time) and creating/renaming/removing entries inside x, search -- accessing files inside, you have access to the inode of the file, hence you can reach it's actual content  My problem is with the description of w. What directory's attributes does it give you access to? I cannot create/rename/remove a file inside a directory with only write permission: I make a directory (tdir/) and a file inside (afile), chmod -x-r tdir/, mv tdir/afile tdir/af, rm tdir/afile, touch tdir/newfile -- all fail with permission denial, unless I set x permission to the directory as well. And x alone doesn't give you the permission to create/rename/remove files inside the directory. In order to do that you need both x and w. But touch tdir does change the modification time of the directory with w only. I would rephrase the sources above this way for the compliance with the issue: a directory's r allows you to see the filenames inside, but no access to the actual file (to the inode); x gives you access to the inodes of the files (which means you can see their permissions and, according to it, have access to the contents), but you still cannot change anything in the directory; directory is actually some sort of a file and to change something in it you need the w permission. Thus, when you are changing something in the directory you need w permission. If your change requires inodes of the files in the directory -- you need x as well. It explains why you cannot remove a file inside a directory with w only: when removing a file you need to reduce the link count of the inode by 1 -- you need to know the inode -- thus you need x for the directory. But why do you need x for creating (you could ask the system to create a file without exposing the inode?) and renaming/moving the file (when you move a file you don't change it in any way, you only change the records inside the directories and their inode counts?)? Maybe it is just an implementation thing? I.e. indeed you don't need the inode for renaming/creating files -- you need only filenames and w permission; but inode and filename constitute one record in the directory; thus changing the filenames = changing the records = kind of accessing the inodes. And also what attributes do directories have besides modification time, permissions and files records? What else in the directory can you change with w only? Presumably after an update, google chrome has very serious problems with page rendering. I want to downgrade it. (Switching to vmlinuz.old and initrd.img.old did not help).  $ apt-cache policy google-chrome-stable google-chrome-stable:   Installed: 35.0.1916.153-1   Candidate: 35.0.1916.153-1   Version table:  *** 35.0.1916.153-1 0         500 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable/main i386 Packages         100 /var/lib/dpkg/status   on a computer where google chrome works ok:  $ apt-cache policy google-chrome-stable google-chrome-stable:   Installed: 34.0.1847.132-1   Candidate: 35.0.1916.153-1   Version table:      35.0.1916.153-1 0         500 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable/main amd64 Packages  *** 34.0.1847.132-1 0         100 /var/lib/dpkg/status   (If I had the .deb on the 2nd computer, everything would be easier. But there's no .deb. And no old .deb's on the google site.)  So I try:  $ sudo aptitude install google-chrome-stable=34.0.1847.132-1 Unable to find a version "34.0.1847.132-1" for the package "google-chrome-stable" Unable to find a version "34.0.1847.132-1" for the package "google-chrome-stable" No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed. 0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.   You see, it does not work. The Synaptic manager also shows no version that I could set.  So, how do I downgrade google-chrome-stable?  Probably someone knows an archive of old google-chrome .deb's? Should searching by default be AND or OR? On my website I have a search bar.  It's powered by Lucene.net.  I have a requirement to make search be a substring case insensitive search, with direct hits appearing before substrings.  What I don't know, however, is when a user searches for a multi-word item--say "Chocolate Milk"--should that be treated under the hood as an AND or OR search?  As an example:  *chocolate* AND *milk*   vs  *chocolate* OR *milk*   The requirement right now is to treat this as an AND, but I'm not sure if that's the right way to go about it.  What would be the best in terms of UX?  I would think the best thing to do would be an OR search, with items containing both keywords appearing before items containing only one of the keywords.  Thoughts?  EDIT: The types of items being searched are medical supplies, with very cryptic names. Is “might could” a correct construct? Is there a command where I can teleport myself to a specific kind of block? I can't find my house and I have specific kind of blocks in it like beacons, enchantment tables, furnaces, stuff like that. I didn't put a bed and I never viewed the coordinates. Number of connected components of the complement of a compact Let $X$ be a connected, locally compact space and let $K$ be a compact subset of $X$. Is the number of connected components of the complement $X\setminus K$ finite? If it is not, are there some hypotheses over $X$ for finiteness of connected components? Is there a way to get the count of rows in all tables in a MySQL database without running a SELECT count() on each table? I know how to monitor the network interfaces on my local computer with Wireshark. But, how do I monitor the traffic flowing through my wireless access point from connected computers?  It seems like this might not be possible without some kind of special software on the wireless access point itself. Is it possible to start windows with NUM Lock on? A password is always combination of characters &amp; numbers. I am so much used to num pad that every time windows start I end up entering wrong password just because NUM lock isn't ON by default. Since it's network login, it takes a bit long time to reset &amp; prompt for right password. Is there a way to enable NUM Lock on when Windows loads? How can I find $\lim_{n\to \infty} a_n$ Let $$a_n=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)\dots \left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right),n\ge1$$ Then find $\lim_{n\to \infty} a_n$.   How can I proceed? I am stuck at the first step. Please help. Differential form is closed if the integral over a curve is rational number. The following problem comes from do Carmo's book Differential Forms and Applications, Chapter 2, Exercise 4:  Let $\omega$ be a differentiable 1-from defined on an open subset $U\subset \mathbb{R}^n$. Assume that for each closed differential curve $C$ in $C$, $\int_C \omega$ is a rational number. Prove that $\omega$ is closed.   Can anyone give some hints? My idea was that we could try to show the integral vanishes if the curve lies in $N_\epsilon (p)$ (i.e. a small neighborhood around $p$) for any $p$ in $U$ and use the Poincare Lemma, but failed. Let $f:(a,b)\to \mathbb{R}$ be a strictly increasing function. Does the limit $\lim_{x\to a^+}f(x)$ necessarily exist and is a real number or $-\infty$?  If so, is it true that $\ell=\lim_{x\to a}f(x)\le f(x) \ \ \forall x\in (a,b)$? Please provide proofs. Expected value of a non-negative random variable Where is the password stored for ssh authentication? It's known that when you're connecting to a wrong server via ssh and send your password  to it, your password comes in a plain text and a server saves it by default. Probably. I wonder, where I can retrieve it? I don't see it in /var/log/auth.log, although I do see all the attempts to authenticate. If I have a sentence that starts with additionally, finally, consequently, etc. do I always have to put a comma after it? Or is there a different rule?