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What kind of mortar should I use to point a fieldstone foundation?  The old mortar is crumbling, and sandy mortar is falling out onto the basement floor.  I plan to remove the crumbling mortar (see ), then point the foundation with new mortar.  But what kind of mortar should I use?    I have had a hard time finding definite answers about fieldstone foundations on the Internet, but I'll include some of what I've found here.  First,  has this to say about fieldstone foundations:     Most fieldstone foundations have, or had at some time, a thin mortar coating on the face of the stone. The purpose of this coating was to assist in holding the stones in place. This thin mortar coating will inevitably flake off from any moisture migration, revealing the surface of the stones. As this coating continues to erode, the mortar between the stones will begin to crumble and the soft, sandy mortar begins to slowly fall out onto the basement floor. It looks like a small pile of sand at the base of the foundation. When this occurs, tuck pointing is needed to refill the voids where the old mortar has fallen out. It's very important that you scrape away or chip away the crumbling mortar (in between the stones) in order to establish a small cavity or key way which can hold the new mortar that is being applied. Never apply new mortar over any old crumbling mortar, as this is a temporary fix and it will only last a couple years. All crumbling mortar must be removed in order for the newly applied surface to bond properly. While upgrading your field-stone foundation, only work on a section at a time. Do not remove the old mortar throughout the entire basement all at once. Complete all removal, tuck pointing and parging one section at a time.       To avoid annual tuck pointing, you should finish the foundation with a complete top coating of mortar. Be sure it is lime based. This top coat does not have to look like a stone artisan's creation: It merely has to serve the purpose of keeping the newly installed mortar in place. It's sort of like applying a frosting to a cake.    seems to suggest that I should be using not straight type-S hydrated lime, but type-S mortar, which consists of one part Portland cement, ¼ to ½ part lime, and an amount of sand equal to 2¼ to 3 times the total volume of cement and lime.  Do I need to analyze the existing mortar to make sure that the new mortar has the same lime content, as ?  Should I expect the new mortar to start crumbling and releasing dust soon, or should it stay solid and dust-free for many years? What are the current state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks? I'm interested in understanding which neural network architecture is currently the state of the art (sometimes abbreviated "SOTA") with respect to standard image classification tasks such as MNIST, STLN-10 and CIFAR. This is challenging because new results are published frequently, and it can be hard to keep up. Is there a resource or website which tracks the best results for these tasks? ToList()-- does it create a new list? C# Speech Recognition - Is this what the user said? I have need to write an application which uses a speech recognition engine -- either the built in vista one, or a third party one -- that can display a word or phrase, and recognise when the user reads it (or an approximation of it).  I also need to be able to switch quickly between languages, without changing the language of the operating system.  The users will be using the system for very short periods.  The application needs to work without the requirement of first training the recognition engine to the users' voices.  It would also be fantastic if this could work on Windows XP or lesser versions of Windows Vista.  Optionally, the system needs to be able to read information on the screen back to the user, in the user's selected language.  I can work around this specification using pre-recorded voice-overs, but the preferred method would be to use a text-to-speech engine.  Can anyone recommend something for me? How should self-deletes be evaluated in the question ban algorithm? A self-deleted post is often not a low-quality post and may simply be a mistake noticed by the user, unlike moderator- or community-deleted posts which may indicate serious problems that the user may not recognize or may have intentionally posted.  Should they carry less weight in the question ban algorithm? Are there areas of mathematics (current or future) that cannot be formalized in set theory? I often read that ZFC can formalize "most" of everyday mathematics, but I could never find an example which it cannot. The closest I got is differential geometry (DF), where some article mentions that the translation from concepts of DF into set theory would render it almost "meaningless", in the sense that any intuitions one could have would be lost in the translation. So, if I didn't misunderstand, at least in theory, the translation could be done, so that a future AI machine could prove theorems of differential geometry using set theory. On the other hand, the Stanford Encyclopedia of  Philosophy states that "all of mathematics can be reduced to a formal system of set theory"().   So, the questions are:    Is there any current area of mathematics that could be not formalized within set theory? If so, which ones? and  Is there any reason to think that every math of the future will be always formalizable in set theory? any references to read on the subject are welcomed!   Clarification: by set theory I am not restricting to ZFC, but to any flavor of it, including all additional axioms you want (about large cardinals or any kind) Writing someone else's master's thesis: Unethical and illegal? It is really difficult for me to decide on this situation: when someone calls me and asks for work-for-hire for his/her thesis. I don't know what to do. I want to help and earn money but I think this way of earning money is unethical.  I think that receiving the title of thesis and giving back prepared manuscript is the intention that some people have, when asking for their thesis to be written.  There are plenty of websites offering such services!   The question is that: Is it legal and or ethical to write someone else's master's thesis as work-for-hire? Chatroom deleted? I created a chatroom about the Qt Framework some time ago but it seems it's no longer available. The  just says &quot;Page Not Found&quot; and the possible reasons for removal are &quot;spam, off topic, abuse&quot; but I don't think any of this concerns the chatroom (though I was rarely checking it). Any idea what could be the issue? Can someone explain how combinatorial proofs work?  I've included an example questions that's been giving me a hard time.  Any insight on the topic would be great.  $$\sum_{k=1}^{n}k{n \choose k} = n2^{n-1}$$  Another one:  $${2n \choose 2} = 2{n \choose 2} + n^2$$  The solution says:  LHS: Pick two people from a pool of n men and n women. RHS: Pick two women, pick two men, and pick one of each.  But I don't see how this applies.  How does $n^2$ show that we're picking "one of each?"  Thanks for the help :) R stem and leaf values How to make a stem and leaf plot with the following data in "R":  1717 1719 1645 3739 3024 3664 3830 2991 2430 2730 3469 5086 2119 3021 3292 2844 3426 2067 3215 2767 3124 2573 2840 2449 2584 1505 1390 1645 2497 3466 3228 3192  The only way to get a reasonable amount of stems is to make the stem the first digit in each number and the leaves will all be 3 digit numbers. I am not able to split the data in this way, R represents the stem with 1 digit but round my numbers  so 2584 is shown as 2| 5 (3 decimals to the right) which would be 2500. How do I adjust my stem and leaf numbers? I have a random sample of Bernoulli random variables $X_1 ... X_N$, where $X_i$ are i.i.d. r.v. and $P(X_i = 1) = p$, and $p$ is an unknown parameter.  Obviously, one can find an estimate for $p$: $\hat{p}:=(X_1+\dots+X_N)/N$.  My question is how can I build a confidence interval for $p$? Sign of determinant when using $det A^\top A$ We have been given matrix: $$A =          \begin{pmatrix}         a&amp; b&amp; c &amp;d \\         b &amp;−a&amp; d&amp; −c\\         c&amp; −d &amp;−a&amp; b \\         d &amp;c&amp; −b&amp; −a\\         \end{pmatrix}     $$ ...and have been asked to calculate $\det(A)$ using $AA^T$.  We see that:  $$AA^T=\begin{pmatrix}         a^2+ b^2+ c^2+ d^2&amp; 0&amp; 0&amp;0\\         0 &amp;a^2+ b^2+ c^2+ d^2&amp; 0&amp; 0\\         0&amp; 0 &amp;a^2+ b^2+ c^2+ d^2&amp; b \\        0 &amp;0&amp; 0&amp; a^2+ b^2+ c^2+ d^2\\         \end{pmatrix}     $$   So, $\det(AA^T)= (a^2+ b^2+ c^2+ d^2)^4$  Now which should I choose: $(a^2+ b^2+ c^2+ d^2)^2 $ or $ -(a^2+ b^2+ c^2+ d^2)^2$ ?  Please explain me which one and why. A specified Include path is not valid. The EntityType does not declare a navigation property with the name * Prove that the multiplicative inverse of $a$ modulo $m$ exists if and only if $a$ and $m$ are coprime.  Can someone help me with this? Can I change some but not all Apple keyboard function keys (dim vs F1, bright vs F2)? I want to override F1 and F2 behavior, since I have external display and Mac can't control display's brightness. The rest of the keys should retain their non Fx  I know about "Use all F1-F12 keys as standard function keys.", but I don't want to change all of the keys to be F when pressed, just some of them. (For me single press music and volume control is necessary.)  Is there a way to pick some of the function keys to default to numbered function instead of the "Apple" definitions system wide? Let $G$ be a finite group and $N$ a normal subgroup of $G$ of index $4$. Prove that $G$ has a subgroup of index $2$ (hence normal) and if $G/H$ is not cyclic then $G$ is equal to the union of three proper subgroups.   I understand that $G/H$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_4$ or $\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$. Let $K^*$ be a subgroup of $G/H$ of order $2$. Then $K^*\cong K/H$ for some $K$ such that $H$ is normal in $K$ and hence $[G:K]=[G/H:K/H]=4/2=2$.  If $G/H$ is not cyclic then $G/H\cong \mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$. I don't know how to prove $G$ is the union of three subgroups. Could it be true that as $G/H$ is the union of three proper subgroups $K_1^*,K_2^*,K_3^*$ then the corresponding groups $K_1,K_2,K_3$ have union equal to $G$? Would anyone give me a hint to prove this?  Thank you. Where do AirDrop files go when I transfer them between an iPad, iPhone and iPod? I AirDropped some Google Docs from my iPad to my iPhone but nothing happened; where did my files go? The file was a list of tools. Apt-get update with an @ in password error I want to update ubuntu 11.04 throught apt-get. So I added the following lines in apt.conf  export http_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/ export ftp_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.netport/  export http_proxy=http://deepak:Deepak@123@12.1.1.1:3128   My question is: how do I insert special characters to a username or password?  For instance: my password for proxy is Deepak@123 and it is getting an error. I am wondering if there is a modifier or tool that will essentially undo a subsurf or subdivide command. How to setup OpenVPN Client