URLs not being parsed & linked correctly in comments
Can markdown mini replace an en dash with a normal hyphen in URLs?
Does the Hong Kong metro map give interchange direction suggestions? On the , some of the interchange symbols have little lines and half-circles in them. They're a bit small to read on some maps, but if you zoom in they get a big clearer:    Are these suggestions for where to change depending on the direction you're going + changing to? Or do they have some other meaning?  .  Bonus marks - Assuming I am right that that these are direction interchange suggestions, what does it mean if it's an empty circle, or a "T" in one? I have a subomain which I do not want to be listed in any search engine result. Let say I have:   http://www.example.com http://child.example.com   How can I hide all URLs of child.example.com domain which are currently showing in the search engine results? There are a few questions on this forum asking about why Latex3 is taking so long to come out. However, all of these are from the early 2010s. I'm just wondering what the current state of the project is and whether it's ready (or nearly ready) for prime time? How to resize partitions? Importing installed package from script raises "AttributeError: module has no attribute" or "ImportError: cannot import name" Mouseover tooltip for delete count is wrong During the end credit scene of Spider-Man: Far from Home, we see that,      Nick Fury and Maria Hill are two Skrulls, Talos and (presumably) his wife.   And we also see that,      Nick Fury is in a spaceship like structure, presumably away from Earth.   So that begs the question,      How long has Talos been impersonating Nick Fury? Is it since the events of Captain Marvel or since Avengers: Endgame or sometime in between? SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xa3' in file when function returns '£' This may be a generic OOP question. I wanted to do a generic comparison between an interface and an abstract class on the basis of their usage.   When would one want to use an interface and when would one want to use an abstract class? How can gravity affect light? I understand that a black hole bends the fabric of space time to a point that no object can escape.   I understand that light travels in a straight line along spacetime unless distorted by gravity. If spacetime is being curved by gravity then light should follow that bend in spacetime.  In Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, the mass of both objects must be entered, but photon has no mass, why should a massless photon  be affected by gravity in by Newton's equations?  What am I missing? Make it cost more to downvote without comment; make it hurt to leave a crap comment Possible Duplicate:    In the spirit of &quot;encouraging&quot; people to leave comments on downvoting, I would propose that if someone downvotes without a comment, I propose a heavy point tax, say 3x the current point cost for a downvote. If he or she downvotes and leaves a comment, then it costs the current amount. If someone leaves a crap comment (to avoid the &quot;charge&quot;) they get a painful spank (100 points gone or whatever the community decides) if and only if:  The comment is flagged Three (five? whatever) moderators agree it is crap  Common complaints Or, why my proposal is different.  &quot;  a &quot;   No it isn't. I specifically address the issue of leaving garbage comments to avoid the downvote tax, unlike the other proposals.   &quot;Some people want to leave anonymous (down)votes.&quot;  I understand that some might be fearful of retaliation. Is retaliation a real problem or a &quot;what if&quot; conjecture? (Where's the data?) What if we try it for 3-6 months and then circle back to see how well it works?  If a user starts retaliating against another user, they will be dealt with as are all other problem users. Nothing else is anonymous - asking questions, answering questions, editing questions, leaving comments, etc. and there is a clear benefit. What is the benefit to the community for having anonymous voting? I would argue &quot;none.&quot; Even though some people might want to leave anonymous questions, answer anonymously or anonymously edit a question, it is not allowed, because it is not good for the community.   &quot;But this will discourage downvoting&quot;  I agree, and I think that's a good thing, which goes to the philosophy of the site: promote good questions and answers. If a question or answer is poor, few will up-vote it. If is is really poor, it will get flagged and . If someone really wants to downvote, no one is stopping him or her. Just as we want quality questions and answers, we need quality voting.   It will require too much work to implement  Maybe. Let's ask if it is worth the effort. What benefit does anonymous, no-comment downvoting add to the site? It certainly doesn't allow the author to improve. What benefit would owned, commented downvoting add? It would hopefully allow authors to improve and discourage drive-by downvoting. Would me (or someone else) submitting a patch alleviate this complaint?   Jeff (or Joel) thinks this is a stupid feature, and you're stupid for suggesting it.  &quot;&quot; Is this a true statement?    Thanks for reading. Martingale formulation of Bellman's Optimality Principle From David Williams' Probability with Martingales     Related question:   What I tried: For no 2, if $\ln Z_n - n \alpha$ is a supermartingale, then for $m &lt; n$, $$E[\ln Z_n - n \alpha | \mathscr F_m] \le \ln Z_m - m \alpha$$ $$ \to E[\ln Z_N - N \alpha | \mathscr F_0] \le \ln Z_0 - 0 \alpha$$ $$ \to E[\ln Z_N - N \alpha] \le \ln Z_0$$ $$ \to E[\ln \frac{Z_N}{Z_0}] \le N \alpha$$ Is that right?  For no 1, for $m &lt; n$, $$E[\ln Z_n - n \alpha | \mathscr F_m] = E[\ln Z_n | \mathscr F_m] - n \alpha$$ $$ = E[\ln \frac{Z_n}{Z_0} | \mathscr F_m] - n \alpha + \ln Z_0$$ $$ = E[\ln \frac{Z_n}{Z_{n-1}} | \mathscr F_m] + ... + E[\ln \frac{Z_{m+1}}{Z_{m}} | \mathscr F_m]$$ $$+ \ln \frac{Z_m}{Z_{m-1}} + ... + \ln \frac{Z_{1}}{Z_{0}} - n \alpha + \ln Z_0$$ Note that $$Z_n - Z_{n-1} \le |Z_n - Z_{n-1}| \le C_n |\epsilon_n - \epsilon_{n-1}| \le 2C_n \le 2Z_{n-1}$$ Also, I think $$\ln \frac{Z_n}{Z_{n-1}} \le |Z_n - Z_{n-1}|$$ Hence we have $$E[\ln \frac{Z_n}{Z_{n-1}} | \mathscr F_m] + ... + E[\ln \frac{Z_{m+1}}{Z_{m}} | \mathscr F_m]$$ $$+ \ln Z_m - n \alpha$$ $$\le E[2Z_{n-1} | \mathscr F_m] + ... + E[2Z_{m} | \mathscr F_m]$$ $$+ \ln Z_m - n \alpha$$ $$= 2(E[Z_{n-1} | \mathscr F_m] + ... + E[Z_{m} | \mathscr F_m])$$ $$+ \ln Z_m - n \alpha$$ One thing to do would be to show that $$2E[Z_{n-1} | \mathscr F_m] + ... + 2E[Z_{m} | \mathscr F_m] \le (n-m) \alpha$$ possibly by showing that $2E[Z_{\{\cdot\}} | \mathscr F_m] \le \alpha$ How would I do that? Something else: $$E[\ln \frac{Z_n}{Z_m} | \mathscr F_m] + \ln Z_m - n \alpha$$ $$ \le E[|Z_n - Z_m| | \mathscr F_m] + \ln Z_m - n \alpha$$ $$ \le E[2Z_m | \mathscr F_m] + \ln Z_m - n \alpha$$ $$ \le 2Z_m + \ln Z_m - n \alpha$$ Now $2Z_m \le (n-m) \alpha?$ We have $$2Z_m = 2\sum_{k=1}^{m} C_k(\epsilon_k - \epsilon_{k-1})$$ $$\le 2\sum_{k=1}^{m} Z_{k-1}$$ I'm not quite sure how to show that $$2\sum_{k=1}^{m} Z_{k-1} \le (n-m)\alpha$$ if that's even true. How can/else can I approach this problem?  For no 3, no idea. Any hints? I think it has something to do with a stopping time. Might we have to use the ff lemma (red box):    ? Finding first and last index of some value in a list in Python I am trying to display certain features in a shapefile-based layer using QGIS. I have found the subset function in the properties panel, which does exactly what i want, but is too tedious given that I have to manually sift through a large number of features. Is there a quicker way to do this?  I am using both shapefiles and postGIS best,  dietmar How to interpret the margin of error in a poll? Recently the media reported on a political poll that stated that "46% of Republican voters in Mississippi think that interracial marriage should be illegal".  One example story (of many around the 'net) is this one from the NY Daily News: .  From that article:     A survey conducted last month shows 46% of GOP voters in the state   believe interracial marriage should be illegal - a plurality of the   people questioned   Given that I know many people in interracial marriages (including in my own family) I was motivated to track down the full story rather than fall to the obvious hysteria.  I located the press release on the poll from Public Policy Polling  (PDF)  which has:     46% of these hardcore Republican voters believe interracial marriage   should be illegal, while 40% think it should be legal. With Barbour   included, Huckabee gets more support (22%) from the former than the   latter (15%), as does Palin (13-6). The support for Bachmann (10-2),   Gingrich (13-8), and Pawlenty (4-1) works the opposite way.   And at the end of the first page they state:     PPP surveyed 400 usual Mississippi Republican primary voters from   March 24th to 27th. The survey’s margin of error is +/-4.9%.   Now what I don't understand is how to interpret the results especially the margin of error value.    From the raw numbers, 46% (~50%) of 400 voters is 200 voters who responded who think that interracial marriages should be illegal.  But from stats of Mississippi in the 2008 Federal election, McCain polled about 725,000 Republican votes (to Obamas 556,000). My gut feeling is that you can't extrapolate that 46% number to the other 724,600 Republican voters and still retain a 5% margin of error.  So is the media misrepresenting the numbers (really? the media would do that?!?!?!) Or are there statistics at work that I don't understand?  Thanks for your help! Alignment issue in Area 51 main site - site switcher, inbox and achievements Why does the division algorithm work for converting between number bases? I need to build a probabilistic cellular automaton for simulating land-use changes and am wondering how to implement this in a GIS. I understand that Markov chains are a way of doing this, and IDRISI has some sort of module for Markov chains, but I have no access to IDRISI.  that, with raster data, this can, in theory, be done with any GIS that can do raster algebra. Presumably this means that it can even be done in ArcGIS, and I think I've figured out how to build cellular automata in ModelBuilder (once I know with certainty how to make iteration work there).  Still, I can find next to no practical advice on this. Once I have two datasets, one showing the land use at a certain point in time (time A) and the other at a later time (time B), I imagine doing the following (correct me if I'm wrong):   If there are (for example) 3 types of land use, then there are 9 possible things that can happen to a cell from time A to time B; thus, reclassify each dataset such that each land use is represented by a different number (for example, 9, 11, and 14 at time A and 3, 4, and 5 at time B); Divide one raster by the other, obtaining a raster with 9 possible cell values. Determine the percentage of cells in the new raster that has each of the 9 values (I forgot, how does one do this in ArcGIS?); those will be the probabilities of each type of change (or lack thereof) in land use.   What I cannot figure out, though, is how to apply these probabilities during the next iteration. Finally, I wonder if there is a way of making an external factor (say, proximity to roads) influence the spatial distribution (not the overall likelihood) of change in my model.  Can anyone recommend where to find information on how to do this in ArcGIS? I have a Fujitsu laptop and all was working fine until I ended teamviewer. On the keyboard it has a numberpad on some of the letters which you press the Fn button to use. The system is acting like I have the Fn key pressed and I get numbers shown when it should be letters. If I press the Fn key the numbers go to letters. The Fn key is not stuck down. Is there a way to reset keyboard settings or a known fix. The operating system is Ubuntu 11.04 Natty. When and why will a compiler initialise memory to 0xCD, 0xDD, etc. on malloc/free/new/delete? I know that the compiler will sometimes initialize memory with certain patterns such as 0xCD and 0xDD.  What I want to know is when and why this happens.  When  Is this specific to the compiler used?  Do malloc/new and free/delete work in the same way with regard to this?  Is it platform specific?  Will it occur on other operating systems, such as Linux or VxWorks?  Why  My understanding is this only occurs in Win32 debug configuration, and it is used to detect memory overruns and to help the compiler catch exceptions.  Can you give any practical examples as to how this initialization is useful?  I remember reading something (maybe in Code Complete 2) saying that it is good to initialize memory to a known pattern when allocating it, and certain patterns will trigger interrupts in Win32 which will result in exceptions showing in the debugger.  How portable is this?