Latex: "curly N" for neighborhood in Graph Theory context
How to look up a symbol or identify a letter from a math alphabet or other character?
How to write in bibliography (package natbib) letter "a" with two dots above? Specially, I mean the word Birkhäuser.  Is there a general rule or way how to write such umlauts or other accented letters in bibliographies? If $f \in \operatorname{Hol}(D)$, $f(\frac{1}{2}) + f(-\frac{1}{2}) = 0$, prove that $|f(0)| \leq \frac{1}{4}$ What is the CVE-2014-6271 bash vulnerability (Shellshock) and how do I fix it? I am a seafarer (marine engineer) and I have to often visit different countries. This time I received my sign-off from Iran and they stamped my passport. Would this cause a problem for getting a US C1D1 visa since my next company wants me to have this visa? I am an indian national. Understanding slice notation One of the assumptions I make as GM is that the players should always be in the spotlight.  Sometimes the players find themselves in a situation where they watch NPCs speak to each other.  I don't like using this kind of situation, because it forces the players to watch me talk to myself and that turns them from active participants into an audience.  Usually I handle it by avoiding the situation.  I try not to write scenes that the players watch.  Instead the players speak to the NPCs one at a time.  When I do come across an exchange between NPCs I opt to summarize the conversation instead of acting it out.    I don't like this limitation though.  It gets a little contrived when all conversations in the game feature 5 PCs and 1 NPC.  Any suggestions? Either how to avoid doing it, or how to effectively role play a conversation between two (or more) NPCs that the characters may or may not be interacting with?   How do you keep clear which character is speaking? How do you make sure that the conversation feels like a real one and not like one person playing both roles? Nicely discouraging serial upvoting Probably everybody who is very active on SO has experienced cases of random, serial upvoting as the expression of thanks from a (usually newbie) user. The pattern is usually 5 or more upvotes on your latest answers. The upvotes will be detected within 24 hours, and removed. (Or so I assume.)  No harm done except maybe a minor irritation for people after one of the &quot;rep cap&quot; badges because they are shown a higher reputation than they actually have. Still, I was thinking whether, in an attempt to channel the positive attitude into more productive areas, it would be worth showing a tooltip on the third upvote for the same person within time frame x:  Please use one upvote, a comment, or some quality content of your own, to say thank you Large numbers of upvotes for the same user may become invalid as part of our spam detection mechanisms.  Does this make sense? Maybe it is too localized and rare, but it has happened to me three or four times in the last two weeks alone. You decide.  Clarification: I am not advocating putting up any kind of barrier on upvotes. . I'm suggesting informing people of the barrier and the futility of their ten or so upvotes for a single person because those votes are likely to be revoked.  Update: @devinb makes the good point that &quot;saying thanks&quot; is not the only possible reason for serial upvoting, and the message wouldn't make sense then. The point still stands: Your votes aren't going to count, and when it comes to up voting (which is always some sort of positive behaviour, however misguided if done indiscriminately) I think it's fair to inform people of this. There has been talk of how to answer a negative question without ambiguity, most often with a qualifying phrase needed for clarification. (For example, "yes, I do"/"no, I don't.)  I've noticed that other languages have a single word to address a negative question on the contrary. In German, ja means yes and nein means no. Alternatively, doch is used to respond in the positive to a negative question, in essence meaning "No, I intend to do the opposite of what your question presumes."  Take for example the question, "You don't want to go to the movie then?" German speakers could simply reply, "nein" if they don't want to go or they would say "doch" if they did want to go; an unambiguously positive response to a negatively phrased question. No need for, "no, I actually would like to go" or "yes, I'll come actually". In French, the respective equivalents of ja, nein, and doch are oui, non, and si. I imagine many other languages contain this set as well.  I am wondering whether there was at one time an equivalent word in the English language that has since (unfortunately) disappeared. Any ideas? How to kill the process using the name of the program instead of PID? I started my Python program in the background using nohup as mentioned below -   nohup zook.py &amp;   Now I am trying to kill this process so I did the ps command as mentioned below  root@phxdbx1145:/home/david/zook# ps ax | grep zook.py 16352 pts/6    S+     0:00 grep --color=auto zook.py   But somehow, everytime its PID getting changed, I don't know why. Whenever I do like this -   kill -9 16352   It always say, No Such Process.  And when I do px command again, I see that PID got changed automatically..  So I am not sure how do I kill this process?  Is there any way I can kill the process with the name somehow?  UPDATE:-  This is what I am getting. I did pkill -9 zook.py and then I did ps command as mentioned below and it is shwoing zook.py constantly?  root@dbx1145:/home/david/zook# pkill -9 zook.py  root@dbx1145:/home/david/zook# ps ax | grep zook.py 23870 pts/6    S+     0:00 grep --color=auto zook.py  root@dbx1145:/home/david/zook# ps ax | grep zook.py 23872 pts/6    S+     0:00 grep --color=auto zook.py  root@dbx1145:/home/david/zook# ps ax | grep zook.py 23874 pts/6    S+     0:00 grep --color=auto zook.py  root@dbx1145:/home/david/zook# ps ax | grep zook.py 23876 pts/6    S+     0:00 grep --color=auto zook.py In my situation, it's for a local build/staging server running ubuntu server. Things I'd like to know are:  Why I should/shouldn't use LVM?  What problems might it cause in terms of either regular server operation or things I might want to do later? (ex. partitioning)  Why I should/shouldn't use encrypted LVM instead of LVM?  What problems might encrypted LVM cause in terms of either regular server operation or things I might want to do later? (ex. partitioning) Best Method to SFTP or FTPS Files via SSIS This question originally asked which is the best method for uploading files via SFTP or FTPS in SSIS.  It now just lists the pros and cons of each solution.  I personally use CozyRoc's SFTP library these days, but I've used each of the below solutions at one point or another.  SSIS COMPONENT LIBRARY  Method: Install a SSIS component library from , , , , or some other vendor on each development and production server and use the SFTP task to upload the files.  Pros: Easy to use.  It looks, smells, and feels like a normal SSIS task.  SSIS also recognizes the password as sensitive information and allows you all the normal options for protecting the sensitive information instead of just storing it in clear text in a non-secure manner.  Works well with other SSIS tasks such as ForEach Loop Containers.  Errors out when uploads and downloads fail.  Works well when you don't know the names of the files on the remote FTP site to download or when you won't know the name of the file to upload until run-time.  Cons: With the exception of the Codeplex solution, this costs money to license in a production environment.  Requires installing the libraries on each development and production machine.  If it is the Codeplex solution, then you are using software that isn't supported by any specific vendor.  This also makes you dependent upon the vendor to update their libraries between each version.  For instance, before 2008 RTM'd, I was developing a new server on a CTP version of 2008 and the CozyRoc 2005 library was incompatible with it.  Eventually they released a 2008 compatible version, but I had to temporarily use the command line solution to work around this issue.    COMMAND LINE SFTP PROGRAM  Method: Install a free command-line SFTP application such as Putty and WinSCP and execute it either by running a batch file or operating system process task.  Instructions for doing this via WinSCP are listed .  Pros: Free, free, and free.  You can be sure it is secure if you are using Putty since numerous GUI FTP clients appear to use Putty under the covers.  You DEFINATELY know you are using SSH2 and not SSH.  Cons: The two command-line utilities I tried (Putty and Cygwin) required storing the SFTP password in a non-secure location.  I haven't found a good way to capture failures or errors when uploading files.  The process doesn't look and smell like SSIS.  Most of the code is encapsulated in text files instead of SSIS itself.  Difficult to use if you don't know the exact name of the file you are uploading or downloading.  A 3RD PARTY C# or VB.NET LIBRARY  Method: Install a SFTP or FTPS library and use a Script Task that references the library to upload the files.  (I've never tried this, so I'm going to guess at the pros and cons)  Pros: Probably easy to capture errors.  Should work well with variables, so it would probably be easy to use even when you don't know the exact name of the file you are uploading or downloading.  Cons: It's a script task combined with .NET libraries.  If you are using SSIS, then you probably are more comfortable with SSIS tasks then .NET code.  Script tasks are also difficult to troubleshoot since they don't have the same debugging tools and features as regular .NET projects.  Creates a dependency on 3rd party code that may not work between different versions of SQL Server.  To be fair, it is probably MORE likely to work between different versions of SQL Server than a 3rd party SSIS task library.  Another huge con -- I haven't found a free C# or VB.NET library that does this as of yet.  So if anyone knows of one, then please let me know! Book about space alien cats I read a book when I was young, it was about space alien cats. I believe the title was Quzzles, but I really don't know. The book was stolen from me before I was finished. I don't know much else about it. Is 20 watts of electricity dangerous? I have a few circumstances which invlove someone being shocked with 20 watts of electricity and whether it would be deadly. So here they are:   Would 1000 volts at 20 miliamperes of AC (2MHz frequency) be dangerous or deadly? Would 1000 volts at 20 miliamperes of DC be dangerous or deadly? Would 10 Kilo volts at 2 miliamperes of AC (2MHz frequency) be dangerous or deadly? and Would 10 Kilo volts at 2 miliamperes of DC be dangerous or deadly?   Thanks for everyones help. Does anybody know which files I need to save in order to have a simple backup?   Reason for my question is, that my Galaxy Android smartphone lost all calendar data without any interaction. I found tons of apps, tons of sync stuff, but NO simple list of files to save. I do NOT want to save my data remotely on Google.  There must be at least one local file (database?) on my phone containing the synced calendar file (on my server, using ICSSync) Difference between 'max distance' and 'radius' in Physics.SphereCastAll I have been thinking on and off about a problem for some time now. It is inspired by an exam problem which I solved but I wanted to find an alternative solution. The object was to prove that some sequence of functions converges weakly to zero in $L^2$.   I managed to show (with some help) that the limit $f$ (of a subsequence) satisfies $\int_0^x f \ dm=0$ for all $x&gt;0 $. From this I want to conclude that $f=0$ a.e. I can do this with the fundamental theorem of calculus in its Lebesgue version but there ought to be a more elementary proof.  Can someone here help me out? Is there a LaTeX/TeX preprocessor/inliner that replaces only selected macros with their definitions? Correlations between continuous and categorical (nominal) variables I would like to find the correlation between a continuous (dependent variable) and a categorical (nominal: gender, independent variable) variable. Continuous data is not normally distributed. Before, I had computed it using the Spearman's $\rho$. However, I have been told that it is not right.  While searching on the internet, I found that the boxplot can provide an idea about how much they are associated; however, I was looking for a quantified value such as Pearson's product moment coefficient or Spearman's $\rho$. Can you please help me on how to do this? Or, inform on which method would be appropriate?  Would Point Biserial Coefficient be the right option? Remove element of a regular array I have an array of Foo objects. How do I remove the second element of the array?  I need something similar to RemoveAt() but for a regular array. What is the connection between special and general relativity? What is the connection between  and ? As I understand general relativity does not need the assumption on speed of light constant. It is about the relation between mass and spacetime and gravity. Can general relativity be valid without special relativity?