Get data from a function that writes to FILE*
Make a file pointer read/write to an in-memory location
We know  speedup brute-force attacks two times faster in block ciphers (e.g brute-forcing 128-bit keys take $2^{64}$ operations, not $2^{128}$). That explains why we are using 256-bit keys to encrypt top secrets. But  on AES shows brute-forcing AES-256 take $2^{100}$ operations. Does this attack work with Grover's search to make AES cipher quantum unresistant? For each $x,y,z∈\mathbb N$, if $x<y$ then $x+z<y+z$ Associated Prime Ideals in a Noetherian Ring; Exercise 6.4 in Matsumura Let $I$ and $J$ be ideals of a Noetherian ring $A$. If $JA_P\subseteq IA_P$ for every $P\in \operatorname{Ass}_A(A/I)$, then $J\subseteq I$.   I'm reading Matsumura's Commutative Ring Theory book on my own. This is exercise $6.4$ in that book, and I fail to prove it. Could you help me with this? Thanks in advance. Is it possible to change where macOS Notification Center alerts appear on the screen?  They currently appear at the top right of the screen with the menu bar:    Alerts appearing in the top right tend to cover up work I'm doing more often than not. They cover up browser tabs, toolbar icons, and window titles.  I would prefer, say, the bottom right corner of the screen.  If moving the alerts is not possible, is it possible to change the screen on which they appear? As writing matrices in LaTeX is an extremely time-consuming activity, I was wondering if a software or a site exists that automatically gave the transposed form of a matrix, that is to say, given a matrix:  \begin{bmatrix}    0 &amp; -1 &amp; -1 \\    -1 &amp; -1 &amp; 0 \\    -1 &amp; 0 &amp; 1 \\    1 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\    0 &amp; 0 &amp; -1 \\    -1 &amp; 2 &amp; 1  \end{bmatrix}   it will produce a transposed matrix, with the columns in place of the lines and conversely...  It would be particularly time-saving! I am planning to travel to India (COK airport, Kerala) from United States. I want to take my laptop as well as my tablet (iPad). Am I allowed to take both in my backpack with my documents related my work. I think I am allowed to take only one computer as per the rule. Will the customs consider my iPad as a computer?  What all I can take?   One of my friends took 2 laptops (1 work and 1 personal) and had trouble at the airport.  Also I am planning to take some wristwatches (7 of them, each avg price is 45 $). I read in a website that I can take stuff up to max 35000 INR. Is that true? In that case, how will I manage my stuff? Sometimes when you're downloading an image and the connection breaks mid stream, you are left with a half downloaded image. If you try to view it you get the upper part of the image and the bottom part is usually coloured grey or green or some other color.  In other words, it is corrupted.  Is there a way to check whether the image is damaged in that way or otherwise corrupted? How to install Ubuntu on VirtualBox? Is the simulation hypothesis outside of science? On the question of the  (i.e. that reality is a simulation), a friend of mine once remarked he didn't accept it on the grounds of . To me (with my admittedly instrumentalist view of science) this seems a misuse of Ockham's razor in that all my friend is really claiming is that it isn't empirically necessary (and hence outside of science).  Is the simulation hypothesis outside of science? If so, then does it pose a problem for scientific realism? If not, is it falsifiable? Is it an empirical question? Would a Jedi (Sith) clone be force-full or force-less Just seen a picture of Vader Force-choking a trooper. And then I started wondering: what if they had cloned a Sith (or a Jedi). Would the clones have the Force? Specifically, would they have the same Force as the original? How can I Remove .DS_Store files from a Git repository? How can I remove those annoying Mac OS X .DS_Store files from a Git repository? Let $z \in \Gamma (R)$ where this is the upper semi circle centred at the origin with radius $R&gt;1$. Let $z=x+iy$ with $x \in \mathbb{R}$ and $y \geq 0$. So   $$|e^{i \lambda z}|=|e^{i \lambda z}| |e^{- \lambda y}|= |e^{- \lambda y}|$$  where $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}^{+}$.  How can the last equality possibly be true? What tool do I need to install to make my terminal show the autocompletion of the command that I'm writing? I am trying to work through Hartshorne's book and while working through one of the exercises, I need to show the following:  Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field. Let $Y \subseteq A^3$ be the set $Y=\{(t,t^2,t^3)\;|\;t \in k\}$. Show that $Y$ is an affine variety.  The rest of the problem I have completed. I'm just not sure how to show that this set is closed and irreducible. I assume that they intend for $A^3$ to have the Zariski topology. Most statements regarding Riemann integrals (at least the ones that I have encountered) begin with the statement "for $f(x)$ bounded on $[a,b]$." I am wondering if Riemann integrability implies boundedness. I think that this has to be the case, but I am not sure. If Riemann integrability does imply boundedness, are improper integrals considered Riemann integrals? I would think that improper integrals wouldn't be Riemann integrals since improper integrals are allowed to be equal to $+\infty$ or $-\infty$. Or are improper integrals that are not equal to $\infty$ considered Riemann integrals?   I am confused. Expected log value of noncentral exponential distribution I was writing a toString() for a class in Java the other day by manually writing out each element of the class to a String and it occurred to me that using reflection it might be possible to create a generic toString() method that could work on ALL classes. I.E. it would figure out the field names and values and send them out to a String.  Getting the field names is fairly simple, here is what a co-worker came up with:  public static List initFieldArray(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {      Class c = Class.forName(className);     Field field[] = c.getFields();     List&lt;String&gt; classFields = new ArrayList(field.length);      for (int i = 0; i &lt; field.length; i++) {         String cf = field[i].toString();         classFields.add(cf.substring(cf.lastIndexOf(".") + 1));     }      return classFields; }   Using a factory I could reduce the performance overhead by storing the fields once, the first time the toString() is called. However finding the values could be a lot more expensive.  Due to the performance of reflection this may be more hypothetical then practical. But I am interested in the idea of reflection and how I can use it to improve my everyday programming. Perhaps this is trivial: how does one prove that the work done by a homogeneous gravitational field on a system of particles is equal to the work done on a point mass with the total mass of the system, located at the center of mass of the system. List files in a specific folder in a document library I there anyway to output the files of a specific folder in a document library?  Listing them will be like   foreach $file in $folder.files {     write-host $file.name }    But how do I tell it to look a specific folder? In CSOM please Tried the below answer but it did not work How do I downgrade Minecraft to play on a server running an older version?