German visitor visa for my Indian parents and brother
Financial requirements to sponsor relatives visiting the Schengen area [Germany]?
Is there an AES identity key? The following questions are of pure theoretical nature. I don't have an application in mind.   Is there a key that makes AES the identity function? Is there a key that makes AES the identity function for certain inputs? Is it known whether such keys might exist? Are such keys known for other ciphers?   For example, I want to encrypt "Hello StackExchg" with AES with said key and the ciphertext should be again "Hello StackExchg".  When I encrypt "Hello StackExchg" with the perfect cipher one-time-pad, there is a possibility that the resulting ciphertext is again "Hello StackExchg". This possibility must exist (though it is unrealistically small), otherwise, the ciphertext would not be perfectly random but depending on the plaintext. The corresponding key for one-time-pad would be all zeros. What do we mean by hyperparameters? Can anyone give me full details about what we mean by hyperparameters, and what in the Dirichlet distribution are called hyperparameters? A practice example for the estimation of those parameters would also be useful. When testing the following code:  from osgeo import gdal import json   def read_file(filename):     f = gdal.VSIFOpenL(filename, "rb")     if f is None:         return None     content = gdal.VSIFReadL(1, 10000, f).decode('UTF-8')     gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)     return content   gdal.VectorTranslate('out.json', """{   "type": "FeatureCollection",   "features": [       { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": "coordinates":[[[-188.56933593749997,61.58549218152362],[-173.9794921875,61.58549218152362],[-173.9794921875,66.00015035652659],[-188.56933593749997,66.00015035652659],[-188.56933593749997,61.58549218152362]]] } },   ] }""", format = 'GeoJSON', layerCreationOptions = ['RFC7946=YES', 'WRITE_BBOX=YES'])  got = read_file('/vsimem/out.json') gdal.Unlink('/vsimem/out.json')  print json.loads(got)   from this , the file out.json is empty. The folder is with all permissions for writing allowed. When testing the method gdal.OpenEx, is possible to load an object, but still the method gdal.VectorTranslate returns an empty geojson when trying to pass this new loaded object as a srcDS object. Any hint on solving this issue? What is the difference between "nothing but", "anything but", and "everything but"? Hosting multiple distinct folders for distinct domains Vim inoremap for specific filetypes I'm looking for a formula to calculate the sum of $(a+b+c+d+...)^n$ but with coefficients equal to 1. For example in $(a+b+c)^2$. I want the sum of $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + ab + bc + ca$. And for $(a+b+c+d)^3$, I want the sum of $a^3 + b^3 + c^3 + a^2b + a^2c + b^2a + b^2c + c^2a + c^2b + abc$. Similarly, I want the sum of expansion of $(a+b+c+d+e+....)^n$ with coefficient equal to 1. I tried to find the pattern by expanding the $(a+b+c)^2$. And I found that its formula is $a^2 + b^2 + c^2$ + $\frac{((a+b+c)^2 - a^2-b^2-c^2)}{2}$. This works for the power of 2. But fails on other powers. Any help will be really appreciated. Can $X$ have compact connected components? Let $X$ be a Hausdorff, locally compact but non-compact topological space. If the (Alexandroff) one-point compactification is connected, can $X$ have compact connected components? I have a graph. This is my code.    \documentclass[10pt]{article}     \usepackage{pgf,tikz}     \usetikzlibrary{arrows,patterns}     \pagestyle{empty}      \definecolor{ttqqcc}{rgb}{0.2,0,0.8}     \definecolor{ffqqtt}{rgb}{1,0,0.2}     \definecolor{ttqqff}{rgb}{0.2,0,1}     \definecolor{uququq}{rgb}{0.25,0.25,0.25}      \begin{document}      \begin{tikzpicture}[line cap=round,line join=round,&gt;=triangle 45,x=1.0cm,y=1.0cm]      \draw[-&gt;] (-3.63,0) -- (3.67,0);     \foreach \x in {-3,-2,-1,1,2,3}       \draw[shift={(\x,0)}] (0pt,2pt) -- (0pt,-2pt)          node[below] {\footnotesize $\x$};     \draw[color=black] (3.48,0.07) node [anchor=south west] { $x$};      \draw[-&gt;] (0,-1.93) -- (0,5.57);     \foreach \y in {-1,1,2,3,4,5}       \draw[shift={(0,\y)}] (2pt,0pt) -- (-2pt,0pt)          node[left] {\footnotesize $\y$};     \draw[color=black] (0.06,5.19) node [anchor=west] { $y$};      \draw (0pt,-10pt) node[right] {\footnotesize $0$};      \clip(-3.63,-1.93) rectangle (3.67,5.57);     \draw[pattern color=ffqqtt,pattern=north east lines,fill opacity=0.1, smooth,samples=50,domain=0:1.0]      plot(\x,{\x^4-4*\x^2+3}) -- (1,0) -- (0,0) -- cycle;     \draw[pattern color=ttqqcc,pattern=crosshatch,fill opacity=0.1, smooth,samples=50,domain=1.0:1.7320508075688772]      plot(\x,{\x^4-4*\x^2+3}) -- (1.73,0) -- (1,0) -- cycle;      \begin{scope}[xscale=-1]     \draw[pattern color=ffqqtt,pattern=north east lines,fill opacity=0.1, smooth,samples=50,domain=0:1.0]        plot(\x,{\x^4-4*\x^2+3}) -- (1,0) -- (0,0) -- cycle;     \draw[pattern color=ttqqcc,pattern=crosshatch,fill opacity=0.1, smooth,samples=50,domain=1.0:1.7320508075688772]        plot(\x,{\x^4-4*\x^2+3}) -- (1.73,0) -- (1,0) -- cycle;     \end{scope}      \draw[smooth,samples=100,domain=-3.6342419080068153:3.665758091993186] plot(\x,{(\x)^4-4*(\x)^2+3});      \fill [color=uququq] (-1.73,0) circle (1.5pt);      \fill [color=uququq] (-1,0) circle (1.5pt);      \fill [color=uququq] (1,0) circle (1.5pt);      \fill [color=uququq] (1.73,0) circle (1.5pt);      \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}   When I see the DVI output DVI, I have    And if I look at the PDF file, I have Is there a word to describe a highly desirable cursed treasure? Is there a single word to describe an object or idea that is so desirable that everyone wants to attain it but once they have it they are immediately cursed?  The idea is often used in literature—some examples:   In Lord of the Rings, the 'one ring' is a perfect example of this. In Guy de Maupassant's story , the necklace might be considered to be this. There are many stories of people making deals with the devil (see question: ), or being granted three wishes by a Djinn or fairy, which inevitably turn out bad. In the Twilight Zone episode , Bemis's desire to be left alone with his books would be an example of this word.   'Bane' covers the cursed part, but no one desires it.  Is there a single word to describe a most highly desired treasure that (knowingly or unknowingly) comes with a curse? Radeon HD 2000, 3000, 4000 on Ubuntu 12.04.2 and higher: fglrx (legacy) unsupported, what to do? After upgrading to 12.10 quantal, the packaged version of fglrx no longer works. I discovered that this is because there is a separate 'legacy' fglrx driver for the HD 2k-4k series cards, but it is incompatible with the xorg server on 12.10.  This is the most current version of the driver for HD 2000 through HD 4000 series cards. You can't use the non-legacy fglrx driver, but you can use the open-source radeon driver if you prefer your WM compositing to be laggy and your YouTube videos to play like they would on a Pentium MMX series:    Usually this driver can be installed in the following way, necessary because apt-get install fglrx would pull in the non-legacy driver:  wget http://www2.ati.com/drivers/legacy/amd-driver-installer-12.6-legacy-x86.x86_64.zip unzip amd-driver-installer-* sudo sh ./amd-driver-installer-*.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/quantal sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb sudo aticonfig --initial -f   If you use a different version of fglrx (for example, a newer 12.9 that doesn't support those cards) then the final command will give you an error no supported hardware detected or something similar. However, everything works at this point and you will get a reasonable xorg.conf:  ... other stuff  Section "Device"         Identifier  "aticonfig-Device[0]-0"         Driver      "fglrx"         BusID       "PCI:1:5:0" EndSection  ... other stuff   At this point you're supposed to reboot and everything will be working with the fglrx driver. However, upon rebooting, you'll be treated to the following errors in Xorg.0.log when fglrx attempts to load:  (EE) Failed to load /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fglrx_drv.so: /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fglrx_drv.so: undefined symbol: noXFree86DRIExtension   Some searching around will show that this is a problem with the legacy ATI drivers not supporting xserver 1.13 or newer. () ATI has released a fixed driver for its most recent (HD 5000 series or later) cards, but not for the 'legacy' cards yet. The non-legacy ATI drivers can't be used with the old cards.  What should an Ubuntu user, using one of these HD 2000-4000 series cards, do?    Wait for an updated 'legacy' ATI driver that properly works with xserver 1.13?   Downgrade back to 12.04 Precise, which uses xserver 1.11? Try to downgrade xserver on 12.10 Quantal to 1.12, which could possibly break Unity and GNOME? Forced upgrade to HD 5000 series or later card? (Not possible with integrated graphics...) Some other 1337 action that fixes this problem painlessly? After reinstalling TeXLive distribution (install-tl-20160318, Ubuntu 14.04), a issue occurs with the updated version of the titlesec package: the section numbering is lost.  What could it be missing? Is there a modification I have not seen?  Below is a MWE comparison of the two versions. The prevtitlesec package is a reinstall of the previous version (2011/12/15).  \documentclass{book} \usepackage[margin=2cm,a4paper]{geometry} %\usepackage{prevtitlesec}% 2011/12/15 version \usepackage{titlesec}% 2016/03/15 version \usepackage{lipsum}  \begin{document}  \chapter{Title of the first chapter} \lipsum[1] \section{A test section} \lipsum[4] \subsection{A test subsection} \lipsum[4] \subsection{A test subsection} \lipsum[4]  \end{document}   titlesec package 2011/12/15:    titlesec package 2016/03/15: Direction of friction when a car turns I was having a time getting my bootable USB 3, 32GB W10 install USB to be recognized. It recognized one time but I had to restart for something and it never came up again. I eventually removed all other boot up options to make it easier and faster to try again (no F12 needed).  Finally I gave up and tried another drive (16GB this time FWIW) and then it worked.  HOWEVER, it's stuck on a reboot loop now. I can choose to install, then to select the right disk, then it says it's loading file and then next thing I know it's saying do you want to install or upgrade. How to find the 'sizeof' (a pointer pointing to an array)? First off, here is some code:  int main()  {     int days[] = {1,2,3,4,5};     int *ptr = days;     printf("%u\n", sizeof(days));     printf("%u\n", sizeof(ptr));      return 0; }   Is there a way to find out the size of the array that ptr is pointing to (instead of just giving its size, which is four bytes on a 32-bit system)? How do I set up SIP voice calling in Empathy? I would like to use Empathy for Internet voice chat, but I do not see an option under the Empathy Accounts menu to create a SIP account.  How do I set up Internet voice calling in Empathy? How to tenderize large squid? My whole life I've been buying small squid (maybe 4-6" long bodies without the head and tentacles), which are very mildly chewy and tender.  All it takes is sautee them in a little OO and they are good to eat, IOW, no additional tenderizing is needed.  Yesterday I got some large squid, about 1 lb each before cleaning, probably 10"+ long without the head, probably 5-6 times as much meat as the little ones I usually get.  I remember trying to cook that before and they came out very tough and with a bit of unpleasant odor.  Is there a way to marinate and tenderize large squid and to somehow neutralize the odor? Is there any specific word for a person who is always online on the Internet?  I am just curious to know because staying online is like a profession nowadays. I continue to find it amazing that something as “bulky” and macroscopic as a static magnetic or electric field is actually a manifestation of virtual photons.  So putting on your QFT spectacles, look closely at the space near the pole of a powerful magnet – virtual photons! Now look between the plates of a charged capacitor – virtual photons again!   But if it’s all virtual photons, how do we get the difference between a magnetic and electric field?  [This question needs the tag "magnetostatics" as well]. I created some linestring features in EPSG:32632 (WGS 84 / UTM zone 32N) exactly 10 000 m long.  QGIS calculates all line lengths (horizontal, vertical, diagonal) as 10 001.9 m. The measure tool explains "Project CRS transformation is turned on and ellipsoidal calculation is selected. The coordinates are transformed to the chosen ellipsoid (WGS84), and the distance is calculated in meters."  When I set the ellipsoid to "None / Planimetric" in project properties, I get the expected results (10 000 m).  I don't understand the phrase "coordinates are transformed to the chosen ellipsoid (WGS84)", is it a transformation to unprojected degrees (4326?)? Since 32632 already is based on WGS84, is there anything to transform? If there is a kind of "great circle" calculation involved, I would have expected lengths can only get smaller.  Is QGIS's calculation correct/meaningful, is it plain wrong or do I see rounding errors?  This are the geometries I tested:  LineString (370000 5615000, 370000 5625000) LineString (366464.46609406732022762 5616464.46609406732022762, 373535.53390593267977238 5623535.53390593267977238) LineString (365000 5620000, 375000 5620000) LineString (373535.53390593267977238 5616464.46609406638890505, 366464.46609406638890505 5623535.5339059317484498)   Edit as addition to MappaGnosis's answer: I forgot that in UTM , this seems to be the simple answer for the title question.