What is the total observational energy of the universe?
Is the total energy of the universe zero?
Looking for a title of a sci-fi novel or story where a government department's job was to slow things down What does accepting an answer actually convey (2015 edition)? Specify a bijection from [0,1] to (0,1]. Deleted downvotes should appear in Achievements dialog "Good morning.  Here is something awesome that you got last night!", said the Top Bar:    "21?  That must be two answer upvotes and, um, an answer that I downvoted that was deleted?", I thought.  Ok, let's look at the details and find out:    The +20 on my egrep answer is new and I've seen the other Achievements on the list, so where did the extra +1 come from?  In order to avoid confusion, the recent reputation changes in the dropdown should add up to the number in the notification.      I suspect this particular case is a bug.  Assuming the +1 is a downvote reversed by an answer deletion, I could see the argument for excluding it from the Achievements dropdown.  After all, it's not exactly something you accomplished.  Except it kinda is.  Part of the reason for downvoting is to  low-quality content.  The ultimate sign that such content was deemed beneath community standards is when it gets deleted.  I'm not sure that we should , but putting a note in your achievements in such cases seems like it would reinforce positive (albeit negative) behaviour.  This question is a feature request that rep gains from deleted downvotes be listed in the Achievements dialog, without getting into broader issues of displaying other activity on deleted posts such as those discussed in .  Thus, this is not intended to completely address the issue of the Achievements sum not adding up, but is intended to help encourage good community moderation by appropriate downvoting of low-quality content. Can someone pgfplots the following picture concerning confidence intervals? I've been trying to use the following code to produce it, but have no idea how to shade in the tails I am interested in. By the way, the line pointing the (100-C/2)% can be an arrow, does not have to be squiggly as depicted in the picture.   \begin{tikzpicture}[ every pin edge/.style={&lt;-}, every pin/.style={fill=yellow!50,rectangle,rounded corners=3pt,font=\small}] \begin{axis}[every axis plot post/.append style={   mark=none,domain=-3:3,samples=50,smooth}, clip=false, axis y line=none, axis x line*=bottom, ymin=0, xtick=\empty, ] \addplot {\gauss{0}{0.5}}; \addplot {\gauss{0}{1}}; \node[pin=70:{$\hat{\theta}_1$}] at (axis cs:0.57,0.5) {}; \node[pin=270:{$E(\hat{\theta} = 0$}] at (axis cs:0,0) {}; \draw[dashed] (axis description cs:0.5,0) -- (axis description cs:0.5,0.92); \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture} What is information? Proof of Wolstenholme's theorem Is it safe to delete from C:\Windows\Installer? I've been looking on an XP machine what is using all that diskspace, and it turns out C:\Windows\Installer is high up there on the list of directories that use the most diskspace.  It seems to contain a cache of msi and msp files.  Is it safe to delete those? To save diskspace, I've been deleting the "$KB...$" directories for ages without any problems. I want my Windows Updates in my system, why you would want to uninstall them is something that I have never understood. (Except when you're on an update revision board professionally or something of that order.) I have read lots of information about page caching and partial page caching in a MVC application. However, I would like to know how you would cache data.  In my scenario I will be using LINQ to Entities (entity framework). On the first call to GetNames (or whatever the method is) I want to grab the data from the database. I want to save the results in cache and on the second call to use the cached version if it exists.  Can anyone show an example of how this would work, where this should be implemented (model?) and if it would work.  I have seen this done in traditional ASP.NET apps , typically for very static data. Recently, my iPhone 5 was stolen, and while I have a new iPhone 6, I received a message from a number of someone claiming to be in possession of the device, with a new number.   All images, contacts, Outlook mail, you name it, are still on the device.  While I realize it's my fault for not having it connected to iCloud to wipe manually, is there anything I can do to have this sensitive information wiped from the device? For my own understanding, I am interested in manually replicating the calculation of the standard errors of estimated coefficients as, for example, come with the output of the lm() function in R, but haven't been able to pin it down. What is the formula / implementation used? "Contact us"... and then what? Rstudio is duplicating commands in the command line Parenthesis in expr arithmetic: 3 * (2 + 1) I'm using a class I've derived from DocumentPaginator (see below) to print simple (text only) reports from a WPF application. I've got it so that everything prints correctly, But how do I get it to do a print preview before printing? I have a feeling I need to use a DocumentViewer but I can't figure out how.  Here's my Paginator Class:  public class RowPaginator : DocumentPaginator {     private int rows;     private Size pageSize;     private int rowsPerPage;      public RowPaginator(int rows)     {         this.rows = rows;     }      public override DocumentPage GetPage(int pageNumber)     {         int currentRow = rowsPerPage * pageNumber;         int rowsToPrint = Math.Min(rowsPerPage, rows - (rowsPerPage * pageNumber - 1));         var page = new PageElementRenderer(pageNumber + 1, PageCount, currentRow, rowsToPrint)                        {                            Width = PageSize.Width,                            Height = PageSize.Height                        };         page.Measure(PageSize);         page.Arrange(new Rect(new Point(0, 0), PageSize));         return new DocumentPage(page);     }      public override bool IsPageCountValid { get { return true; } }      public override int PageCount { get { return (int)Math.Ceiling(this.rows / (double)this.rowsPerPage); } }      public override Size PageSize     {         get { return this.pageSize; }         set         {             this.pageSize = value;             this.rowsPerPage = PageElementRenderer.RowsPerPage(this.pageSize.Height);             if (rowsPerPage &lt;= 0)                 throw new InvalidOperationException("Page can't fit any rows!");         }     }      public override IDocumentPaginatorSource Source { get { return null; } } }   The PageElementRenderer is just a simple UserControl that displays the data (at the moment just a list of rows).  Here's how I use my Row Paginator  PrintDialog dialog = new PrintDialog(); if (dialog.ShowDialog() == true) {     var paginator = new RowPaginator(rowsToPrint) { PageSize = new Size(dialog.PrintableAreaWidth, dialog.PrintableAreaHeight) };      dialog.PrintDocument(paginator, "Rows Document"); }   Sorry for the code dump, but I didn't want to miss something relevant. How to write an academic paper for the first time? While writing , I realized I don't really have a good list of resources that could be useful to first-time authors, like MSc or PhD students who write their first paper. I often direct my own students to these two papers:   G. M. Whitesides, , Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 1375–1377 (). P. E. Bourne, , PLOS Computational Biology 2005, 1, 0341.   I also make sure that they read the journal's editorial policy and authors guidelines.  What are other sources of good information for students and first-time academic authors? How configure the DHCP settings of WIFI Tethering (Hotspot) on Android? When connecting my PC to Android Wi-Fi hotspot, it assigned a 192.168.42.x address to my PC. I really need to change this as it conflicts with one of our work subnets - is this possible? How can I make environment variables "exported" in a shell script stick around? I have multiple Amazon EC2 accounts and want to quickly be able to switch variables, such as $EC2_HOME, using a script.  I have have a shell script set up like this:  #!/bin/sh export EC2_HOME=/home/me/.ec2 echo $EC2_HOME   When I run the script I know that EC2_HOME is set, but I thought that using export would make the variable stick around after the script completed. It does not, as running echo $EC_HOME does not show anything.  I know this must be very rudimentary Linux scripting knowledge, but I don't know it. I tried looking for related questions without luck - so my apologies if this is a duplicate. List has no rows for assignment to SObject When I wake the laptop from the sleep I need to get the VPN state as I left it (turned on). Can't find the setting of autoconnect in VPN settings... Need some easy way to ask the system to autoconnect the VPN when the internet is available.  Edit based on comments:  Ubuntu 18.04 has no option to Always connect to VPN when using using this connection.