How to Fix: Exception thrown: write access violation. _Left was 0xCCCCCCCC
When and why will a compiler initialise memory to 0xCD, 0xDD, etc. on malloc/free/new/delete?
Prove that $ a $ divides $1^{a^{n}} + 2^{a^{n}} + ... + (a-1)^{a^{n}}$? A former lecturer of mine once explained why, from a syntactic point of view, the English rule that negation and questions are formed with the auxiliary do follows from other syntactic facts about English.  More precisely, if you gave a good syntactician not familiar with English a corpus of English sentences containing everything but questions and negated phrases, then s/he could infer grammatical rules from it (such as headed-ness of phrases, what kind of arguments what word takes, etc.) From some of these rules, then, s/he could see that something specific would be wrong with the sentences "Gave you the present to Mary?" and "He went not to the cinema."  Can someone explain what exactly this something is and how it follows from other sentences?  FYI, my lecturer did this in Government &amp; Binding with X-Bar theory. This may be more suitable a question for the proposed  but as it's not online yet I'm trying it here first.   Edit: the beta is online now at . File permissions and saving I'm having trouble with the OpenLayers Plugin of Qgis and the map composer:  If I create an OSM-background layer and if I want to export this, the OSM-Layer looks perfectly all right in the normal qgis program window. But in the map composer and after export the layer has shifted relatively to my other shape layers (EPSG:32633 - WGS 84 / UTM zone 33N).  The second thing is that the output resolution of the exported osm-layer is very, very poor.   A really bad way of getting around this whole trouble would be to increase the screen resolution and make a screenshot of the map composition window of qgis. But I don't think this would be very professional. It also would cause a lot of pain :)   I'm using Qgis 1.8.0-Lisboa under Linux. The openlayers plugin is version 0.92. Why is the node editor showing different kinds of nodes? I have been following  tutorial until I started adding nodes. The problem is that he has completely different nodes than I have. Even nodes that are created at start are different (I have Material and Output and he has Render Layers and Composite). Have I missed something or should I use different nodes than he? URL line breaks with biblatex How do I allow long URLs to have line breaks at any point. This is in the bibliography not the main text. I am trying to save space so don't want extra spaces to be added to make it only break at slashes, for example, as it does by default.  I am using biblatex+biber. How to reduce memory usage on a Unix webserver I'm currently using a Joyent Accelerator to host my webapps, and it's working fine, however I need to reduce costs so I'm downgrading my current plan and that imposes some new memory limits (256M rss, 512M swap). I wasn't too far over them yesterday, but after restarting Apache several times today, I'm now 411M rss, 721M swap (prstat -Z -s cpu).  Searching in Server Fault only gives me lots of ways and specific tools to monitor the server, but no advice on how to reduce/optimize it's memory usage. I've also seen , but I don't think it's good for this particular (or may I say generic?) situation.  The server is running Solaris on a shared CPU, and I'm using a Apache + MySQL + PHP stack.  I'm interested in knowing the steps one can take to troubleshot this and solve the issues. However, I'm also running out of time to lower my memory foot print and downgrade the plan before the current ends, so anything that can make magic and save the day is welcome as well :) How to automatically generate a stacktrace when my program crashes Beryllium Vacuum Sphere Boat/Aircraft Is it possible to make a solid rigid evacuated "balloon" out of Beryllium or other elements or alloys?  The critical buckling pressure at which an evacuated sphere is given as $$ P_1=\frac{2E\cdot\left(h/R\right)^2}{\sqrt{3\left(1-\nu^2\right)}} $$ where $E$ is , $h$ the shell's thickness, $R$ the radius to the midsurface shell, and $\nu$ is .  Of course this is theoretical and experimental and literature values for submersibles hover around 1/4 of the theoretical pressure.  Beryllium has the following properties:   Density=1.85 g/cm$^3$ Young's Modulus=287*10$^9$ Pa Poisson Ratio=0.032   Calculating the upward force, buoyancy at 101.3 kPa atmospheric pressure and Radius of 10m gives 4.24*10$^8$ N. The weight of this sphere with shell thickness 1mm has 2.32*10$^7$ N downward force of Beryllium material, so it will theoretically float at ground level.   Calculating the critical buckling stress of this beryllium sphere is 331.57 kPa, which is 3.27 times the atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa, so theoretically it won't buckle. But in experimentation done in earlier experiments as stated before, due to construction/material non-ideal situations, the critical buckling formula predicts about 4 times stronger than actual, so it would need about 400 kPa, not 331 kPa as Beryllium sphere with this specification would hold. Increasing the strength capability also increases weight and therefore lowers it's ability to float, but Beryllium is the closest element with this situation I have calculated that could work if ideal (I have only been using periodic table elements and household materials)  Is it possible with an alloy of elements? Using the equations for buckling and buoyancy, the following is needed. What alloys/materials come to your mind?  Material considerations:   Material with larger Poisson ratio Material with larger Young's Modulus Less dense material Construction (is it possible)   Material considerations affect on lift   Thickness can be larger, increases strength by the squared. But also increases weight. If a material with lower density with similar structural properties as Beryllium is used, it would help. Radius can be lower for same reason, but also lowers buoyancy (volume)   My other designs (don't worry about these just yet, just if you are curious is a vacuum sphere with a pressurized "outer tube" with spokes in tension (carbon fiber nanotubes maybe) to keep the 2 spheres in position. Another is a spherical truss out of carbon fiber nanotubes with a light membrane around. The truss prevents the outer membrane from collapsing due to the atmospheric pressure  The "point" of this if you ask, as to why not use a traditional balloon is it can be used as a boat by filling the sphere with air, and then used as a aircraft at will by evacuating the sphere. An alternative mode of transportation for sea vessels etc. Cannot move std::unique_ptr with NULL deleter to std::shared_ptr? I had a heck of time while editing my  question. But, I guess, I discovered a new weird problem in the editor while formatting hyperlink text next to  tag.  To illustrate this problem better, I would like to give the following examples:  Has problem with one or none white-space in between:  [meta-tag:status-planned] [details page reads:][2] [meta-tag:status-planned][details page reads:][2]     Gives weird output as:   [details page reads:]   [details page reads:]   But, its okay with two white-spaces in between:  [meta-tag:status-planned]  [details page reads:][2]   Gives the correct output as:      Something is strange here. I don't understand why do I have to insert two white-spaces instead of just one? Are the two white-spaces are mandatory when using [meta-tag:some-tag] with hyperlink text adjacent to it? Or, is it one of those  thing?  But wait, it's get even further complicated if I do like:   1. No white-spaces in between:  [meta-tag:status-planned][meta-tag:status-completed][Moderator-only Tags][3]     2. One white-space in between:  [meta-tag:status-planned] [meta-tag:status-completed] [Moderator-only Tags][3]       3. Two white-spaces in between:  [meta-tag:status-planned]  [meta-tag:status-completed]  [Moderator-only Tags][3]         They all seems to work perfectly fine. Now, thats very strange! Why would the two [meta-tag:some-tag] works like a charm with or without requiring to insert any white-spaces? Can anyone explain this in a better way. I don't want to jump on the conclusion by calling this as a bug yet, so I used  tag instead of  tag. Please share your thoughts. Forward an invocation of a variadic function in C In C, is it possible to forward the invocation of a variadic function? As in,  int my_printf(char *fmt, ...) {     fprintf(stderr, "Calling printf with fmt %s", fmt);     return SOMEHOW_INVOKE_LIBC_PRINTF; }   Forwarding the invocation in the manner above obviously isn't strictly necessary in this case (since you could log invocations in other ways, or use vfprintf), but the codebase I'm working on requires the wrapper to do some actual work, and doesn't have (and can't have added) a helper function akin to vfprintf.  [Update: there seems to be some confusion based on the answers that have been supplied so far. To phrase the question another way: in general, can you wrap some arbitrary variadic function without modifying that function's definition.] Do you really answer "How do you do?" with "How do you do?" How to down-weight older data in time series regression In a regression fit of vectors varying with time $t$ $\qquad y \sim [x_t\ x_{t-1}\ x_{t-2}\ ...] \cdot [c_t\ c_{t-1}\ c_{t-2} \ ...] $ , how can one down-weight the older $x_t$ to model "older is less relevant" (than the regression gives) ? Say that rows in data matrix $X$ are observables (stocks, market segments ...) and columns are times. Correct me,   weights rows; how does one weight columns, times ?  Added: Down-weighting older data in time series looks complex, much more so than linear least squares with i.i.d. errors in rows (observations) -- just divide through by $\sigma_i$; or classification  with i.i.d. errors in columns (e.g. features) -- just centre each column. Can anyone say either   yes, I downweight time series; here are some examples on the web no: down-weighting time series is complex, not for novices.   (  discussed this question 10 years ago, mentioning Kalman filters and hierarchical Bayes, but with no examples.) I configured a journey in Marketing Cloud where i sent an email. My requirement is adding BCC email addresses to this email, but I noticed that we can only add valid email addresses. Could you confirm me that is not possible to add BCC /CC Address using personalization strings or Ampscript functions (e.g. Lookup) inside the Journey Email's settings? If every real-valued continuous function is bounded on $X$ (metric space), then $X$ is compact. In Leibniz notation, the 2nd derivative is written as $$\dfrac{\mathrm d^2y}{\mathrm dx^2}\ ?$$  Why is the location of the $2$ in different places in the $\mathrm dy/\mathrm dx$ terms? Prevent Mac Terminal from reverting to default theme I can't find any way to change the Terminal theme and have that theme applied permanently.  I want to change to another darker theme other than the default 'basic' theme, and (most importantly) have it remain as the theme every time I open Terminal. show that if $a | c$ and $b | c$, then $ab | c$ when $a$ is coprime to $b$. Given two numbers $a$ and $b$, where $a$ is co-prime to $b$,     Show that for any number $c$, if $a|c$ and $b | c$ then $ab| c$. Is the reverse also true? In other words, if $ab |c$ and $a$ is co-prime to $b$, then do we have $a | c$ as well as $b|c$? Subsurf on a crown. How can I smooth some edges and keep others sharp? How can I smooth all crown but don't smooth the top of the crown? I did a subdivision surface, but this didn't work. All crown became smooth and changed form.