Past perfect tense
When is the past perfect exactly needed?
How does ADR (Automated Dialogue Replacement) work?  There's an entry in Wikipedia that says what it is (essentially actors dubbing their lines in post production, sometimes requiring several takes) but I don't see what's "automatic" about it.  It doesn't seem to work all that well because I can almost always tell when it has been used. pgfplots: lines and markers in different colors With pgfplots, I am creating a simple coordinate plot with error bars like this:    \documentclass[crop,10pt]{standalone} \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{pgfplots}      \begin{document}%         \setlength{\linewidth}{246pt}%              \begin{tikzpicture}             \begin{axis}[             width=\linewidth,             ytick pos = left,             xtick pos = left,             clip=false,             axis on top,             tick align = outside,             yticklabel style={%             /pgf/number format/fixed,             /pgf/number format/precision=1,             /pgf/number format/fixed zerofill         },             ytick scale label code/.code={},             xlabel={X},             ylabel={Y},     ]             \addplot[mark=*]             plot[             error bars/.cd,             y dir=both,             y fixed=0.0001     ]             coordinates{(1,0.0005) (1.1,0.0013) (5,0.0015)};             \end{axis}             \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document}   In the original plot I have a lot more points. I would now like the line and the markers (including the error bars) to have different colors to better distinguish the line from the error bars. Is that somehow possible? The only way I found so far is to plot the data just as a line in one color and then plot it again just as markers in another color. This works, but I guess there must be some better solution to this. Thanks for the support, John How long does the ubuntu installation take and what to do after it? Values of $\sum_{n=0}^\infty x^n$ and $\sum_{n=0}^N x^n$ Why does the following hold:  \begin{equation*} \displaystyle \sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty} 0.7^n=\frac{1}{1-0.7} = 10/3\quad ? \end{equation*}  Can we generalize the above to      $\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} x^n = \frac{1}{1-x}$ ?   Are there some values of $x$ for which the above formula is invalid?  What about if we take only a finite number of terms? Is there a simpler formula?     $\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^{N} x^n$   Is there a name for such a sequence?    This is being repurposed in an effort to cut down on duplicates, see here: Coping with  duplicate questions.  and here: . How to access Winter 13's Push Major functionality We are ISV Partners and all of our packaging orgs have been upgraded to Winter 13. One of the features of Winter 13 was supposed to allow us to push major release versions to subscriber orgs. I would have expected it to be in the previously existing "Push Upgrade" section of our packaging orgs, but that still only allows pushing patch versions.  If it didn't make the final Winter 13 release, I would have expected Salesforce to take it off the release page. Is this something we have to ask to be enabled? If one obtains results in one area of a field (say during an MSc thesis) before deciding that one is not interested in making a career in that area, should one take the time (as a PhD student) to get make those results publishable, or is it better to focus on the new area? Is there any way to make a custom page.html.twig template in Drupal 8?  By default, Drupal generates some suggestions, but I'm looking for something like page--node--content-type.html.twig. What is the most ruby-ish way of accessing nested hash values at arbitrary depths? As per c99 standard, size of long long should be minimum 64 bits. How is this implemented in a 32 bit machine (eg. addition or multiplication of 2 long longs). Also, What is the equivalent of long long in C++. How to prevent ENTER keypress to submit a web form? Set up a scheduled job? Checking via ArcPy if ArcMap is in edit session? Does the order of declaration matter in Java/C#? In Google Sheets how do I duplicate a sheet along with its permission In a Google Spreadsheet called Attendance there is a sheet called Template. The user duplicates this sheet, renames the sheet with current date and uses this sheet to mark attendance for students. The Template sheet contains protected cells and the attendance is marked by entering Student's ID number in the space given (unprotected cells). I use the following script to duplicate multiple sheets and rename them everyday:  function createDailyAttendance() {   var ss = SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet();   var refss = ss.getSheetByName("DataPointers");      // Get the range Row and Column information.   var dataRangeRow = refss.getRange("K2").getValue();   //var dataRangeCol = ss.getRangeByName(ColName).getValue();      // Get the range of cells that store Duplicate sheet name.   var AttendanceDataRange = refss.getRange(dataRangeRow);    var AttendanceObjects = AttendanceDataRange.getValues();    var template = ss.getSheetByName('Template');    for (var i=0; i &lt; AttendanceObjects.length; i++) {       // Put the sheet you want to create in a variable      var sheet = ss.getSheetByName(AttendanceObjects[i]);        // Check if the sheet you want to create already exists. If so,       // log this and loop back. If not, create the new sheet.         if (sheet) {            Logger.log("Sheet " + AttendanceObjects[i] + "already exists");         } else {            template.copyTo(ss).setName(AttendanceObjects[i]);            }         }   return; }   This script helps me create multiple copies of sheets from Template but the duplicate copies do not retain the Cell/Range permissions. Is there a way to add a loop function which extracts permission from Template and applies it every time the loop template.copyTo creates a sheet? How many square meters "twenty feet square" is? One would assume it to be about 2 square meters, but this is obviously not the case. In fact, I'm reading Illium by Dan Simmons. A quote follows:     Much like the room they had faxed into, this space was windowless and about twenty feet square. But unlike the other room, this one was warm, lighted, and free of snow or ice. And unlike the other room, this one was almost filled with an oval metal machine about fifteen feet long.   By this description, "twenty feet square" seems to mean 20x20 feet aka 400 square feet or 40 square meters. Given that Dan Simmons is a renowned American writer, it's not likely that he just can't speak English correctly. So, who's right and who's wrong here? 1N5819-E3/73  1N5819-E3/53 1N5819-E3/54   the first one is 4x cheaper than the last, why ?  aren't they all the same ? Finding the number of zeros of $f(z) = z^n$ if $|f(z)| < 1 $ for all $z$ with $|z|=1$. Suppose $f: \overline{\mathbb{D}} \to \mathbb{C}$ is continuous, analytic in $\mathbb{D}$ and satisfies $|f(z)|&lt;1$ for $|z|=1$. Find the number of solutions to the equation $f(z) = z^n$ where $n$ is a positive integer. ($\mathbb{D}$ is the unit disk).  Some of my own attempts: Using the Maximum/Minimum Principle, we can split up the the problem in $2$ parts: Suppose $f$ is constant. It then holds that $z^n = c$ has exactly $n$ zeros because of the fundamental theorem of algebra.  Suppose $f$ is not constant. It holds that $f$ has at least one zero  in $\mathbb{D}$. It of course also holds that $z^n$ has a zero of multiplicity $n$ at the origin. I think I'm supposed to hit with stuff like Rouché's theorem, the Argument Principle or Schwartz lemma, but nothing seems to fit.   Thanks in advance. Prove that $\phi(n) \geq \sqrt{n}/2$ So I'm trying to prove the following two inequalities: $$\frac{\sqrt{n}}{2} \leq \phi(n) \leq n.$$ The upper bound we get from simply noting that $\phi(n) = n \prod_{p | n}\left( 1 - \frac{1}{p}\right)$ and the fact that $(1 - \frac{1}{p}) \leq 1$. But how can we get the lower bound? I tried using the same expression for $\phi(n)$ but it seems to not really give me the inequality. Can you help? I'm trying to find a copy of 6.20 to run a diff on a client's Drupal install. I believe there's been changes to core.   How can I get version 6.20? Additionally, how can I download any older Drupal versions? How do you get the index of the current iteration of a foreach loop? Is there some rare language construct I haven't encountered (like the few I've learned recently, some on Stack Overflow) in C# to get a value representing the current iteration of a foreach loop?  For instance, I currently do something like this depending on the circumstances:  int i = 0; foreach (Object o in collection) {     // ...     i++; }