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Android backup/restore: how to backup an internal database?
wilcox.test usage in R I would like to know if there is a difference in the values taken from measurements of a given characteristic sampled at primary forest (Point=1) and secondary forest (Point=0)  I'm using two vectors, one with the data itself (DATA$Measurements), and the other one with the category of sampling point (DATA$Point).  How should I perform the wilcox.test fucntion?  I'm doing this way:  wilcox.test(DATA$Measurements~DATA$Point) But I notice that are other forms of performing this test:  wilcox.test(DATA$Measurements,DATA$Point) wilcox.test(DATA$Measurements,DATA$Point,paired=TRUE) Which one is more suited for testing my question of interest (Is there a difference between points for this given characteristic), and what is the difference between these options?? A lot of people will probably gloss over this fact, but it looks like C-3PO meets BB-8 for the first time in this scene 0:20:                                But how does C-3PO know BB-8's name? Is there a time where C-3PO meets BB-8 before this and knows his name? Which damage dice exactly does the Great Weapon Fighting fighting style allow you to reroll? I have been trying around different ranges of summations:  $$ \sum_{(m,n) \in \mathbb{Z}^2} \frac{m^2 - n^2}{(m^2 + n^2)^2} = 0$$  That's not any good.  What about if we restrict to $m, n \in \mathbb{Z}$ as positive integers.    $$ \sum_{m &gt; 0, n &gt; 0} \frac{m^2 - n^2}{(m^2 + n^2)^2} = 0$$  Now here's an anti-symmetry.  I do not like taking out the symmetry, but perhaps I can ask about:   $$ \sum_{m &gt;  n &gt; 0} \frac{m^2 - n^2}{(m^2 + n^2)^2}  = \; ? \tag{$*$} $$  There doesn't seem to be a change of variables that can work.  And we've used symmetry about as much as we can.  This looks related to:  $$  \sum \frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}$$  Perhaps this other series ($*$) also has a special value. Am I Using JDBC Connection Pooling? How to correct for small p-value due to very large sample size Change .jpg quality of terminal screenshots Why does the connection time out when connecting to a server? My friend had hosted a Minecraft server before and brought it back up today with my help. He and anyone in his LAN can connect. However we have had a few people try to connect, including me, and when we try to connect it gives the message:  Failed to connect to the server Connection timed out: connect  What does this exactly mean? How do we fix this? How to make partitions mount at startup? How do you make HDDs and partitions mount at startup on Ubuntu?  I always keep my media and data files on separate partitions - one 2tb HDD and a 400 odd gig partition.  I have been trying to swap the default folder location for the home directory to my other drives.  It works when I change the /home/user_name/.config/user-dirs.dirs file to the directories I want, but only until I reboot the system. I am only assuming that the drives not mounting is the problem with it, but it would be helpful either way.  If any one knows another reason for why the directories change back to default each time that would be good also. In a problem, we have to differentiate : $$ y = \arcsin (2 x \sqrt{1 - x^2}),$$ given: $$-{1/(\sqrt2)} &lt; x &lt;{1/(\sqrt2)}$$.   My approach :  Put $x = \cos (p)$, so y reduces to:- $y = 2p = 2 \arccos (x)  \implies$ ${dy}/{dx}$ $ = -{2}/{\sqrt{1-x^2}}$   But the solution given is without the minus sign, so I am doing something wrong here but don't know what.  So please tell me what I am doing wrong and how to correct it. When is it appropriate to use a hyphen? form_state->setRedirect(to_a_new_node_page) from the submitForm function, route "does not exist" issue I created a custom module, It generate a custom Form in a page. When I submit my form, I create a new node. So, I am redirect to the form page but I would like be redirect to the new node page.  I add this line at the end of my submitForm function :   $form_state-&gt;setRedirect('node/'.$mynewnode-&gt;id());   But when I submit my form from the website, I get the empty-white-screen-of-the-death. My apache log :   ... Uncaught PHP Exception Symfony\\Component\\Routing\\Exception\\RouteNotFoundException: "Route "node/153" does not exist. ...   And then, when I go manually to the node/153 page, there isn't any problem. The page work well.   My question : where is my mistake ? How can I set the redirection after create the new node ? Is it possible from the submitForm function ? I have just updated (through Software Update) to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS from 15.10. There are random instances of screen flickering throughout usage. After noticing this issue, I installed Compiz Config Settings Manager, selecting Force fulls screen redraws (buffer swap) on repaint, which did nothing.   Is there any way this could be related to compiz settings or is this another issue?    EDIT: not fixed after clean install, upgrade to kernel 4.5.2, however screen flickering is reduced, it is every now and then (10 minutes apart). I will see if upgrading to kernel 4.6.0-994-generic will fix this.     EDIT: fixed as of kernel 4.6.2 generic,  currently running 4.7.2 without any issues. Can Blender render animated gifs? ¿Can you help me with axiom of regularity? I understand that if we define a set such that $A=\{A\}$ we have then a contradiction because of regularity axiom, thus, a set can not be a member of itself. My question is; how can it be so, if I define a set $A=\{A,b\}$ ($b$ disjoint from $A$)?  Thanks. How do I make money efficiently? In Oblivion, I had two favorite money-makers:   Dump all my stuff except some basic armor and potions, and raid an oblivion tower. The armor and weapons was worth lots, and selling it in Anvil made a lot of cash fast. Harvest an entire farm's worth of crops, create 'restore fatigue' potions and sell them.   Skyrim seems to spoil this:   Merchants have a max-amount per day/QOD/... instead of per item You can't carry as much (or maybe I have yet to discover the strength/feather spells) Alchemy is a lot harder (most common items go into food recipes now, which don't sell for those prices) On top of that, once a dungeon is cleared, it doesn't respawn - so no 'farming' familiar dungeons?   What are some easy/repeatable money making methods in Skyrim? Which are most efficient effortwise/real-life-time wise? Evaluate definite interval of normal distribution I know that an easy to handle formula for the CDF of a normal distribution is somewhat missing, due to the complicated error function in it.  However, I wonder if there is a a nice formula for $N(c_{-} \leq x &lt; c_{+}| \mu, \sigma^2)$. Or what the "state of the art" approximation for this problem might be. Write-only permission for a directory doesn't allow to rename (move) files inside? In fact, I would like to ask more general question -- &quot;what does write permission for a directory allow you to do exactly?&quot; -- but let's approach it with a concrete example. It is a long question, if you are in a hurry read the bold -- it should cover the main part. Different sources (, , ) say something similar to the following on the directory permissions:  r, read -- reading of the directory's content (filenames inside) w, write -- changing the directory's attributes (e.g. modification time) and creating/renaming/removing entries inside x, search -- accessing files inside, you have access to the inode of the file, hence you can reach it's actual content  My problem is with the description of w. What directory's attributes does it give you access to? I cannot create/rename/remove a file inside a directory with only write permission: I make a directory (tdir/) and a file inside (afile), chmod -x-r tdir/, mv tdir/afile tdir/af, rm tdir/afile, touch tdir/newfile -- all fail with permission denial, unless I set x permission to the directory as well. And x alone doesn't give you the permission to create/rename/remove files inside the directory. In order to do that you need both x and w. But touch tdir does change the modification time of the directory with w only. I would rephrase the sources above this way for the compliance with the issue: a directory's r allows you to see the filenames inside, but no access to the actual file (to the inode); x gives you access to the inodes of the files (which means you can see their permissions and, according to it, have access to the contents), but you still cannot change anything in the directory; directory is actually some sort of a file and to change something in it you need the w permission. Thus, when you are changing something in the directory you need w permission. If your change requires inodes of the files in the directory -- you need x as well. It explains why you cannot remove a file inside a directory with w only: when removing a file you need to reduce the link count of the inode by 1 -- you need to know the inode -- thus you need x for the directory. But why do you need x for creating (you could ask the system to create a file without exposing the inode?) and renaming/moving the file (when you move a file you don't change it in any way, you only change the records inside the directories and their inode counts?)? Maybe it is just an implementation thing? I.e. indeed you don't need the inode for renaming/creating files -- you need only filenames and w permission; but inode and filename constitute one record in the directory; thus changing the filenames = changing the records = kind of accessing the inodes. And also what attributes do directories have besides modification time, permissions and files records? What else in the directory can you change with w only? pyPdf for IndirectObject extraction Following this example, I can list all elements into a pdf file  import pyPdf pdf = pyPdf.PdfFileReader(open("pdffile.pdf")) list(pdf.pages) # Process all the objects. print pdf.resolvedObjects   now, I need to extract a non-standard object from the pdf file.   My object is the one named MYOBJECT and it is a string.  The piece printed by the python script that concernes me is:  {'/MYOBJECT': IndirectObject(584, 0)}   The pdf file is this:  558 0 obj &lt;&lt;/Contents 583 0 R/CropBox[0 0 595.22 842]/MediaBox[0 0 595.22 842]/Parent 29 0 R/Resources   &lt;&lt;/ColorSpace &lt;&lt;/CS0 563 0 R&gt;&gt;     /ExtGState &lt;&lt;/GS0 568 0 R&gt;&gt;     /Font&lt;&lt;/TT0 559 0 R/TT1 560 0 R/TT2 561 0 R/TT3 562 0 R&gt;&gt;     /ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]     /Properties&lt;&lt;/MC0&lt;&lt;/MYOBJECT 584 0 R&gt;&gt;/MC1&lt;&lt;/SubKey 582 0 R&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;     /XObject&lt;&lt;/Im0 578 0 R&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;   /Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page&gt;&gt; endobj ... ... ... 584 0 obj &lt;&lt;/Length 8&gt;&gt;stream  1_22_4_1     ---&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;  this is the string I need to extract from the object  endstream endobj   How can I follow the 584 value in order to refer to my string (under pyPdf of course)?? Traverse a list in reverse order in Python