PhD vs EngD - Perception
Differences among Doctoral Degrees/titles
I know the usage of     This is a new car.   This is singular.     These are some books for you.   These is plural.  Shall we use   There exists some people who agree with me. There exist some people who agree with me.   Which one is the correct usage and why? Weird http -> https redirection although not configured I am running Apache 2.2.15 (CentOS 6.6) with a HTTP-only domain   demo.xml-director.info  Using wget I can retrieve the content properly   wget -S http://demo.xml-director.info --2015-01-05 13:31:41--  http://demo.xml-director.info/ Resolving demo.xml-director.info (demo.xml-director.info)... 176.9.146.28 Connecting to demo.xml-director.info (demo.xml-director.info)|176.9.146.28|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response...    HTTP/1.1 200 OK   Date: Mon, 05 Jan 2015 12:31:41 GMT   Server: Zope/(2.13.22, python 2.7.6, linux2) ZServer/1.1   Content-Length: 20227   Expires: Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT   Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8   X-Ua-Compatible: IE=edge,chrome=1   Content-Language: en   Vary: Accept-Encoding   Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100   Connection: Keep-Alive Length: 20227 (20K) [text/html] Saving to: 'index.html.4'   However Chrome/Firefox always change the request from http to https because of HTST. However for this particular domain there is no HSTS configured.  The server runs SSL for www.xml-director.info with enabled HSTS support. However there is further alias here that would map demo.xml-director.info to www.xml-director.info.   How can this problem be resolved.  VHOst for www.xml-director.info:  &lt;VirtualHost *:443&gt;     ServerName www.xml-director.info     ServerAlias xml-director.info      SSLEngine on     SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/certs/15742445repl_2.crt     SSLCertificateCHainFile /etc/httpd/certs/15742445repl_2.ca-bundle     SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/certs/zopyx.com.key      CustomLog /var/log/httpd/xml-director.info.log combined     DocumentRoot /var/www/xml-director/landing-v1      Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains"      &lt;location "/"&gt;         Options +Indexes         Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"         Header set Access-Control-Allow-Methods "GET,PUT,POST,DELETE"     Header set Access-Control-Allow-Headers "X-Requested-With,Content-Type"     &lt;/location&gt;  &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;  &lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;     ServerAlias www.xml-director.com      ServerAlias www.xml-director.info     ServerAlias www.xml-director.de     ServerAlias xml-director.com     ServerAlias xml-director.info     ServerAlias xml-director.de      RedirectPermanent / https://xml-director.info/ &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;   and for demo.xml-director.info  &lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;     ServerName  demo.xml-director.info     RewriteEngine On      RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://127.0.0.1:12020/VirtualHostBase/http/demo.xml-director.info:80/xml-director/VirtualHostRoot/$1 [L,P]     RewriteRule ^/$    http://127.0.0.1:12020/VirtualHostBase/http/demo.xml-director.info:80/xml-director/VirtualHostRoot/$1 [L,P]      CustomLog /var/log/httpd/demo.xml-director.info.log combined     AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/xml text/plain text/css text/javascript      CacheRoot /tmp/cache     CacheEnable disk /     CacheIgnoreCacheControl on      KeepAliveTimeout 15     KeepAlive on      ExpiresActive On     ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 10 day"     ExpiresByType image/jpg "access plus 10 day"     ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 10 day"     ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 10 day"     ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 10 day"     ExpiresByType text/html  "access plus 1 hour"     ExpiresByType text/html  "access plus 1 hour"     ExpiresByType text/css  "access plus 10 days"      &lt;Location "/"&gt;         Order allow,deny         Allow from all     &lt;/Location&gt;  &lt;/VirtualHost&gt; How to use java.util.Scanner to correctly read user input from System.in and act on it? Today I was cut off in the middle of the following sentence:     Between Cook, Strauss, and Pietersen—   My friend said I was wrong. He said that for more than two entities, among/amongst are used, and that between is only for two entities.   I vaguely remember some rule like this, but I asked him to hear the whole sentence, which was:     Between Cook, Strauss, and Pietersen, they’ve notched up 56 centuries in Test cricket.   Should I have used among here? Seems correct to me to use between, but my friend was certain.   Another friend pointed out the following sentence:     I’m still choosing between Harvard, Yale, and MIT.    Certainly among doesn’t seem to fit here, and she, to me, was correct in using between. After my lie down, I posted  on SO. As I suspected would happen, it got moved to programmers. Unfortunately, the kind of people I'm interested in getting answers from (litb,skeet et al - the top SO programmers in their respective disciplines) don't frequent Programmers much. So my question is, where to ask somewhat non-specific questions of high-powered users? Solutions of $x^2 \equiv 1 \pmod N$ I am stuck with this exercise:     Show that $\forall s &gt;0 \quad \exists N &gt;0$ such that $$x^2 \equiv 1\pmod N$$ has more than $s$ solutions.   I think I cannot use the theory if quadratic residues, because the modulus is not prime, so maybe I must prove it with square roots or roots of unity, but I don't know how to approach it at all.  Thanks for any help. Is there any function that converts an escaped Url string to its unescaped form? System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode() can do that job but I don't want to add a reference to System.Web.dll. Since my app is not a web application, I don't want to add a dependency for only using a function in an assembly.  UPDATE: Check  about the same issue. Screen Resolution Problem with Ubuntu 14.04 and VirtualBox Environment: Lenovo T530 running Windows 7.  Have installed Ubuntu 14.04 on a virtual machine using VM Virtual Box.  Have installed all the updates from both Virtual Box and Ubuntu.  Problem: While in Ubuntu's desktop and other Ubuntu initiated programs, the window is reduced to about 3x4 inches showing in the middle of the rest of my regular Virtual Box window.  I am seeing only the upper right hand of the screen output of what I would normally see.  Please help.   I've seen    But, none of these answers works in 14.04. Isn't finding the inverse of $a$, that is, $a'$ in $aa'\equiv1\pmod{m}$ equivalent to solving the diophantine equation $aa'-mb=1$, where the unknowns are $a'$ and $b$? I have seem some answers on this site (where the extended Euclidean Algorithm is mentioned mainly) as well as looked up some books but there is no mention of this. Am I going wrong somewhere or is this a correct method of finding modular inverses? Also can't we find the Bézout's coefficients by solving the corresponding diophantine equation instead of using the extended Euclidean Algorithm? Moving an already-running process to Screen My office job routinely sees me connected to a Linux box via VNC.  Sometimes I start a remote job on the console, and realize later that it runs much longer than expected. (Should have started that one under Screen in the first place...)  I don't want to keep my workstation running overnight just to keep the VNC session open; I would like  to move that already-running remote job into a Screen session (on the remote box), so I can power down the workstation (and reconnect next morning).  How can this be done, if at all? How to re-install http windows service I replaced apache webserver with http(WINHTTP windows service) for use virtual hosts feature. But I was missing  http(WINHTTP windows service) which I previously removed.I  now want to  reinstall this service for use print spooler. Can a wizard use his familiar's senses to enlarge his "you can see" area? How to use XMLHttpRequest to download an HTML page in the background and extract a text element from it? Windows file system is case insensitive. How, given a file/folder name (e.g. "somefile"), I get the actual name of that file/folder (e.g. it should return "SomeFile" if Explorer displays it so)?  Some ways I know, all of which seem quite backwards:   Given the full path, search for each folder on the path (via FindFirstFile). This gives proper cased results of each folder. At the last step, search for the file itself. Get filename from handle (as in ). This requires opening a file, creating file mapping, getting it's name, parsing device names etc. Pretty convoluted. And it does not work for folders or zero-size files.   Am I missing some obvious WinAPI call? The simplest ones, like GetActualPathName() or GetFullPathName() return the name using casing that was passed in (e.g. returns "program files" if that was passed in, even if it should be "Program Files").  I'm looking for a native solution (not .NET one). New "[tag:" syntax interferes with Markdown links Links in [link text][number] format don't work properly if they follow a tag using the new [tag:tagName] format. Here's the result of [tag:python] [gold badge page][1]:      [gold badge page]   Putting the tag inside the link is worse. Here's the result of [[meta-tag:bug] some text][2], where [2] is google.com:        The part of the link outside the tag just disappears silently.  EDIT: To be more precise, the entire link to [2] disappears. The markup that is produced contains (invalid) nested anchor tags, as shown here from Firefox's "View Source":  &lt;a href="http://google.com" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;a href="/questions/tagged/bug" class="post-tag required-tag" title="show questions tagged 'bug'" rel="tag"&gt;bug&lt;/a&gt; some text&lt;/a&gt;   So the tag is still a link, but it is a link to the tag page, which is the behavior it would have if the link to [2] didn't exist at all. The user's desired behavior in this case is... ambiguous, to be charitable.  EDIT 2: I briefly included markup from Firebug here, but it turned out to be irrelevant. It has now been removed to improve readability. See  if you're interested. Random point uniform on a sphere Billing Information Required for App Updates I'm trying to update 3 apps on my iPad and 3 things happen that never usually happen.   It asks me to sign in. It asks for my billing information. My card gets denied.   Now I know my card still works fine so that isn't the problem. The same thing happens when I try to install previously downloaded apps (that cloud button) or install new free apps.  I have no outstanding payments (is it even possible to have outstanding payments with Apple?) so why is this happening?  In case it's needed, I'm using an iPad Air running the latest version. 16GB Harddrive and Wi-Fi only.  I should also make it clear that "None" isn't an option for payment. How do you deal with missing players? That's really embarrassing, however I need to ask it. I could not prove that the normed space    $\langle \mathscr{C} [0, 1], \| \cdot \|_1 \rangle $ is complete (as a metric space), where $\| f\|_1 = \int_0^1 |f(x)|dx$. I don't really know how to explicit a continuous functions as a limit of a Cauchy sequence. I tried to prove that the pointwise limit (of the Cauchy sequence) have just a finite number of discontinuities (I don't know if it's true) and then approximate it by a continuous function.  Thanks in advance. How would I prove there is no smallest positive rational number? what is the best method to prove this statement?