Why do modules work when executed from a cell but have side effects when run from a button click action on a manipulate panel?
Evaluation order of Button's action
Solving equation involving Euler's totient function Given $m\in\mathbb{N}$, is there a general way to solve the equation \begin{equation} \varphi(n)=m \end{equation} where $\varphi$ is the Euler's totient function? For example, I want to solve for all the $n$'s such that $\varphi(n)=4$. Is there any way to solve it that are also applicable to many (if not general) cases? Downgrade SQL Server Enterprise Edition to SQL Server Standard Edition Could the Horcruxes be destroyed with Avada Kedavra? In The Deathly Hallows Hermione says this about destroying Horcruxes:     “It doesn’t have to be a basilisk fang,” said Hermione patiently.   “It has to be something so destructive that the Horcrux can’t repair   itself. Basilisk venom only has one antidote, and it’s incredibly   rare—"      "That’s a problem we’re going to have to solve though, because ripping, smashing, or  crushing a Horcrux won’t do the trick. You’ve got to put it beyond magical repair.”   Mad-Eye Moody from The Goblet of Fire tells us this about Avada Kedavra,     ...there's no countercurse. There's no blocking it.   but also that,      Avada Kedavra's a curse that needs a powerful bit of magic behind it - you could   all get your wands out now and point them at me and say the words, and I doubt   I'd get so much as a nosebleed.    Harry is also seen once attempting to use Crucio on Bellatrix Lestrange in The Order of the Phoenix out of anger at the death of Sirius, but he fails. She tells him,     "You need to mean [Unforgivable Curses], Potter! You need to really want to cause pain - to enjoy it - righteous anger won't hurt me for long - I'll show you how it is done, shall I? I'll give you a lesson -"   Even if Harry and company are not powerful enough to perform the curse themselves, they know several powerful wizards (Kingsley, Lupin, et al.) who could likely perform the curse.  Lastly we know that Voldemort himself destroyed the last bit of his soul that was inside Harry with Avada Kedavra.  Could the Horcruxes be destroyed with Avada Kedavra as well? Prove that $2730$ divides $n^{13} - n$ for all integers $n$. Prove that $2730$ divides $n^{13} - n$ for all integers $n$.   What I attempted is breaking $2730$ into $2, 3, 5$, and $7, 13$. Thus if I prove each prime factor divides by $n^{13} - n$ for all integers $n$, it will prove the original problem.   I already proved $2, 3$, and $5$ work. Struggling with how to do $91$?  Other solutions are welcome, but they should be associated with mod and solutions of this kind, because my answer should pertain to what was learned in class.  (Edit: Fixed the 91 problem, being slow today...In any case, I've got this problem now, so no answers are necessary. Posting my own soon.) Alignment of equals sign in multiple align environments Consider the real-valued function  $f(x)=x^r$ where $r$ is a real number.  (1) For what values of $x$ and $r$, is this function differentiable?  (2) How do you prove the power rule, when $f(x)$ is differentiable?  It would be nice if the proof is accessible to a 12th grade student.  EDIT: Perhaps, I have not been very clear about my question.  I am not satisfied with the "textbook proofs" I have seen.  Please established the existence (of the derivative) first before proving the power rule.  That is, please consider first question first.  This is the reason why I call the question a mathematical engineering question.  (If we can we bring high level math down to Grade 12 level, without loosing precision, then I call it good mathematical engineering.) Has a movie from a movie series ever been removed/retconned due to fan/general outcry? A petition to strike the events of  from the main Star Wars timeline that is going around online has made me wonder if there has ever been a retcon/removal of a movie from a movie series or just renunciation of a movie by those with creative control due to backlash, as opposed to the director(s) just deciding to go a new direction/starting fresh. Google just produces said petition when searching (please note this is not for or against Star Wars).  Addendum, by removal I am referring to the events in the movie no longer being recognized in the universe. Help us test the shiny new "User Activity" page! (Plus a bunch of new features.) Is it correct to hyphenate with compound premodifiers? If so, where is the hyphen placed? How to cite a book chapter written by an author who is not the editor or author of the book with BibTeX? I don't know how to cite a chapter written by an author who is not the editor or author of the book.   How can I get the following citation?     Grandstrand, O. (2004), 'Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights', in J. Fagerberg, D.C. Mowery and R.R. Nelson (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Can you recommend a Java library for reading (and possibly writing) CSV files? Find All Solutions to System of Congruence $$ \begin{cases} x\equiv 2 \pmod{3}\\ x\equiv 1 \pmod{4}\\ x\equiv 3 \pmod{5} \end{cases} $$  $ n_1=3\\ n_2=4\\ n_3=5\\ N=n_1 * n_2 * n_3 =60\\ m_1 = 60/3 = 20\\ m_2 = 60/4 = 15\\ m_3 = 60/5 = 12\\ gcd(20,3)=1=-20*1+3*7\\ gcd(15,4)=1=-15*1+4*4\\ gcd(12,5)=1=12*3-5*7\\ x=-20*2-15*1+12*3\equiv -19 \equiv 41 \pmod{60}\\ $  The above is what I've tried so far. Can someone tell me where I'm going wrong? It's my first time doing this and looking at the explanation and examples for the Chinese Remainder Theorem makes my head want to explode. How to check battery temperature? How do I know the normal temperature of it?  My OS is Ubuntu, and my laptop is Lenovo G470.  Output of acpi -t:  Thermal 0: ok, 0.0 degrees C Accessing private member variables from prototype-defined functions Is there any way to make “private” variables (those defined in the constructor), available to prototype-defined methods?  TestClass = function(){     var privateField = "hello";     this.nonProtoHello = function(){alert(privateField)}; }; TestClass.prototype.prototypeHello = function(){alert(privateField)};   This works:  t.nonProtoHello()   But this doesn’t:  t.prototypeHello()   I’m used to defining my methods inside the constructor, but am moving away from that for a couple reasons. Why is it possible to answer a question twice? You normally answer a question and you have the opportunity to answer again. The second time, a message is shown suggesting the use of the edit tool, but I think it's kind of wrong. I mean, if you answer something and then you want to say anything else you know that you must use edit.  Why not disable the answer button if you already have an answer? Limit distribution of infinite sum of Bernoulli random variables Play a short sound in iOS Bayes rule logic. Why we do use this? Neat series convergence result This is a nice problem on series convergence that I recently stumbled upon. Given a non-negative sequence of real numbers $(a_n)$ such that $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n &lt; \infty,$$ show that there exists a non-decreasing sequence of non-negative numbers $b_n$ such that $$b_n \to \infty \quad\text{ and } \quad \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n b_n &lt; \infty.$$ In other words, for every convergent series with non-negative terms, there is another convergent series with "substantially larger" terms.  I have a solution (see below), but maybe someone else has a different, simpler, and/or more elegant solution. Testing Classification on Oversampled Imbalance Data I am working on severely imbalanced data. In literature, several methods are used to re-balance the data using re-sampling (over- or under-sampling). Two good approaches are:   SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Over-sampling TEchnique () ADASYN: Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach for Imbalanced Learning ()   I have implemented ADASYN because its adaptive nature and ease to extension to multi-class problems.  My question is how to test the oversampled data produced by ADASYN (or any other oversampling methods). It is not clear in the mentioned two paper how they performed their experiments. There are two scenarios:  1- Oversample the whole dataset, then split it to training and testing sets (or cross validation).  2- After splitting the original dataset, perform oversampling on the training set only and test on the original data test set (could be performed with cross validation).  In the first case the results are much better than without oversampling, but I am concerned if there is overfitting. While in the second case the results are slightly better than without oversampling and much worse than the first case. But the concern with the second case is if all minority class samples goes to the testing set, then no benefit will be achieved with oversampling.  I am not sure if there are any other settings to test such data.