3 Letters of Recommendation for Bio Grad School
Value of recommendation letters from professors in a different field
Compute $E(X\mid X+Y)$ for independent random variables $X$ and $Y$ with standard exponential distributions Biblatex ieee incorrect display of volume and issue number I've just created an account to submit an application to the Ubuntu Software Centre and the agreement says: "You are responsible for determining applicable taxes in connection with distributing your App, and you shall pay applicable taxes to the applicable tax authorities.".  Does this mean that Canonical doesn't collect tax (especially VAT in the EU) and it's my responsibility to do it?   Also, am I wrong to assume that the price listed by the USC is the same for both people who pay taxes and for those who don't need to pay them? The derivative of $x!$ and its continuity is the factorial of fractions and negative numbers defined? If yes, then what is its graph? Also please find its domain.  Our teacher said the factorial of a fraction is the fraction itself. He also said the graph is continuous but could not determine the derivative of $x!$. I have a Python module installed on my system and I'd like to be able to see what functions/classes/methods are available in it. I want to call the help function on each one. In Ruby I can do something like ClassName.methods to get a list of all the methods available on that class. Is there something similar in Python? eg. something like: from somemodule import foo print(foo.methods)  # or whatever is the correct method to call How to adapt the color of a label using pgfplots I created this style that shifts the labels and put them on the bottom of the ybars.  However, I have a problem with the bars that have too short length (for example, see the 8.7 and 5.1 in the example below). I want to check if the values are less than some threshold, or the length of the bar is shorter than the label (number) then change its color.  How can I overlay another label on top of the one in white when the bar is shorter? or maybe change the color of the label to a gradient color? or just overlay the part that is outside of the bar?    \documentclass{standalone}  \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{pgfplots} \usepackage{pgfplotstable} \usetikzlibrary{calc}  \begin{document} \makeatletter \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{axis}[ ybar, every node near coord/.style={   check for zero/.code={ % If meta=0, make the node a coordinate (which doesn't have text)     \pgfmathfloatifflags{\pgfplotspointmeta}{0}{         \pgfkeys{/tikz/coordinate}     }{}   },   check for zero, color=white, text opacity=1, font=\footnotesize, inner ysep=0.5pt, },% % Bottom nodes  calculate full offset/.code={     \pgfkeys{/pgf/fpu=true,/pgf/fpu/output format=fixed}     \pgfmathsetmacro\testmacro{((\pgfplotspointmeta-\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/ymin})*10^\pgfplots@data@scale@trafo@EXPONENT@y)*\pgfplots@y@veclength}     \pgfkeys{/pgf/fpu=false} },% nodes near coords bottom/.style={     every node near coord/.append style={         /pgfplots/calculate full offset,         yshift=-\testmacro,         rotate=90, anchor=west,%I need the rotate text here and not in the          %general style, as the ybar redefines the style     } },% ymin=0, nodes near coords={\pgfmathprintnumber[fixed zerofill,precision=1]{\pgfplotspointmeta}}, nodes near coords bottom, ] \pgfplotstableread{ % set real imag mag 1 8.7 2 5.1 3 91.8367  }\mydata \addplot table[x index=0,y index=1,header=false] {\mydata}; \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture} \makeatother \end{document}   * EDIT *  I need to create some special gradient on each label that is below the bar height. For example, I need to adapt something like  to each label that is not showing. However, I cannot find a way to put the macro in the style section of the codes. Or is there any equivalent solution? Recently, someone analyzed  and found that over half of the professors at the top 51 universities graduated from a top 10 university.  have also brought this up. From my personal observations, most schools do hire graduates from better ranked schools.  Is this because of the competitive job market? We have so many good applicants, we have to narrow it down some how! Or is it simply that these schools produce the most PhDs? Has this always been the case? How rare are exceptions to this? I know of a few people who graduated from a top 75 school and got hired at a top 50 school. But what about bigger gaps? The top 10 schools seem to just swap graduates, do they ever hire from a 50+ ranked school?  Update 2018: I have accepted a tenure-track position at a top 75 department at an R1 university immediately after graduating from an unranked department at an R2 university. It does happen! This may or may not generalize to other fields and countries. Right identity and Right inverse implies a group I have a lot of 3D objects of various sizes, shapes in blender 2.76b and I would like to set the origin to the bottom center of the objects bounds.  I cannot select the bottom edge and snap to cursor etc as each shapes edges are in different X/Y positions.  Is there a script or tool that will allow me to set the origin to the lowest edge z position? In all the Star Wars movies, R2D2 just boops and beeps his way around. And everyone understands him perfectly, though he is obviously not speaking Basic.  How do people understand him - is there like an astromech language? If so, then would one have to learn it, or is it comprised of feelings and emotions (expressed in beeps), essentially making a tonal language?  If I may be permitted to use an example from the prequels without too many lynch mobs forming, Anakin Skywalker converses frequently with Artoo while in the Naboo fighter, but he couldn't have had much schooling at the age of eleven, especially because he was a slave.  So how would people, Anakin especially, be able to understand astromechs? Windows & Ubuntu dual boot.No menu to choose OS? I add video files to the video editor,  Both audio and video channels appear but only the audio plays.  The video is just a white box.  Anyone know what is wrong.  Added video in WMV.  Also tried MP4 same thing. Minimal and characteristic polynomial have same set of irreducible factors Let $V$ be a vector space over a field $F$ (not necessarily algebraically closed), and $T:V\rightarrow W$ be a $F$-linear map. If $c(T)$ and $m(T)$ denote the characteristic and minimal polynomial respectively, then I want to show that $c(T)$ and $m(T)$ have the same set of irreducible factors.  I know that the claim is true if $F$ is algebraically closed, because then the two polynomials have the same roots. The typical reasoning one gives when $F$ is not algebraically closed is: Take an algebraic closure of $F$, say $K$, and look at $m(T)$ and $c(T)$ in $K$ to conclude the proof. But as far as I know, the proof that any root of $c(T)$ is a root of $m(T)$ requires the fact that $V$ is a $K$-vector space. But we only know that $V$ is an $F$-vector space. I can't understand how to proceed after this. How to XZ a directory with TAR using maximum compression? How should a bot earn enough reputation to perform the actions necessary for that bot? We all know it: bots that chat. There are also bots that flag, or perform other actions. And usually we like them for doing that, like . So every now and then, a new bot is created, and usually you would ask a question using that bot or suggest enough edits to get the reputation necessary for that bot to operate. Instead of suggesting 100 edits, Undo has found a more efficient way, namely by . Now someone could frown on this action or not, actually it is the least intrusive way to get the bot the reputation necessary (I guess no one really likes a bot to suggest 100 edits just for the sake of earning enough reputation). The question is: is this actually the best way? Was this action allowed or should we look away because it is Smokey? Should we maybe have a special bot user status which derives the privileges from its master user? Anything else you want to share on this? Related: We were discussing Kirchoff's theorem on blackbody radiation in class today and the equation was: $$e_{f}= J(f,T)$$  $e_f$ was defined as power per unit area per unit frequency. What does per unit frequency refer to here? I know what per unit time means but don't understand 'per unit frequency'. Can you use a readied action to teleport out of the way of a weapon attack? Let's say that a player uses the ready action and says "If a character aims at me with a weapon, I'll use Teleport to move behind cover."  What happens? Does this work? If not, please cite the rules to explain why not. How to copy only file attributes (metadata) without actual content of the file? Combinatorial proof of an identity with squared binomial coefficients Is it true that $\sum_kk\binom{n}{k}^2=n\binom{2n-1}{n-1}$? (I proved it using generating functions). Could you help me to prove it combinatorially? please Upgrading from a modern smartphone camera without going all in on a DSLR kit