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Splitting string into pair of characters in Ruby I have a string (e.g. "AABBCCDDEEFF") and want to split this into an array with each element containing two characters - ["AA", "BB", "CC", "DD", "EE", "FF"]. What does the leading semicolon in JavaScript libraries do? shade plane with a color function color(x,y) Database general error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away Is a switches voltage and current rating a hard limit? Problem with PDO MySQL For the last couple of days I've been getting the following error:     Fatal error: Undefined class constant 'MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY' in /home/mydomain/public_html/drupal/includes/database/mysql/database.inc on line 46   This comes after my Hosting did an upgrade and PHP is now version 5.2.17.  From what they have told me, I think I have to enable a PDO MySQL extension in php.ini.  The problem is I'm on a shared hosting and I don't have access to the file; also, my Hosting said they can't change it either.  My info.php shows:     PDO      PDO support enabled      PDO drivers sqlite, sqlite2        pdo_sqlite      PDO Driver for SQLite 3.x enabled      PECL Module version (bundled) 1.0.1 $Id: pdo_sqlite.c 293036 2010-01-03 09:23:27Z   sebastian $      SQLite Library 3.3.7     I tried modifying the .htaccess file and/or adding my own php.ini file to the root directory per some suggestions I found, but nothing I've tried has worked yet.  Can anyone please suggest what else I could do?  EDIT:  Once again I asked the Hosting to enable PDO_MySQL extension and their answer was that they could not, that cPanel (to which they migrated from Plesk, causing this whole problem) had this extension disabled by default and changing it would affect their servers.  Their solution?  That I would change my programming to adjust to these new features, which I wouldn't even know how to go about.  Are they right requesting that I do this? Is there any other way? How do I call one constructor from another in Java? The Higgs boson and gluons have no electric charge and photons couple to charge, so there is no tree level interaction between them and photons.  But what prevents higher order diagrams from contributing a non-zero mass term to the photon, for instance    where a photon couples to some fermion (say an electron, or a top quark) which can interact with the Higgs field.   Or consider that same diagram but with quarks and a gluon interacting between them? Or any higher diagram with even more loops?  I have heard charge conservation depends on gauge invariance, which in turn depends on photons being massless.  So it appears the photon has no mass, and these diagrams must all cancel somehow.  So I'm hoping there is a very nice symmetry explanation for why they all disappear, but if I say "because of gauge invariance" that would be circular logic, so there must be another symmetry at stake here?     What prevents photons from obtaining a mass from high-order self-energy loop diagrams? Why do reputation drops not highlight the Achievements icon? The "Recent achievements" icon (looks like a bar graph in the top bar for signed in users) doesn't highlight when one only has recent reputation losses.  I'd like it to highlight whenever my reputation changes, positive or negative - in fact I'd suggest it's far more important for me to review posts that get a downvote than those that got an upvote.  Is there a reason negative reputation events don't cause it to highlight? How to iterate over a comma separated list? How can I iterate, loop, process, or otherwise do something, with each element from a comma separated list of things?  This question       , and the are already lots of very good answers everywhere. However I think it would also be valuable to have a single reference point where all such alternative techniques are explained in detail, with their advantages and disadvantages discussed.  All of plain-TeX, LaTeX, LaTeX3, LuaTeX, Context, etoolbox, pgffor, etc. answers are invited. Please consider explaining, for example:   How does the command/method deal with whitespace around items? How does the command/method deal with empty/missing items? (e.g. a,b,,c) How does the command/method deal with a trailing comma? Can the command/method work of a list stored on a macro? Is each iteration evaluated globally or on a local group? (i.e., if a command is defined during an iteration, does the command survive the loop?) Do items get expanded or somehow mangled before being processed? What about lists where items are key=value or some other kind of pairs? Does the method work for lists separated with something other than a comma? Any other thing I should know before deciding to use this method? Downgrade nVidia Shield to Android 4.4 KitKat Specific vocabulary for making someone laugh by rubbing their underarm with finger Expansion of $(1+\sqrt{2})^n$ I was asked to show that $\forall n\in \mathbb N$ there exist a $p\in \mathbb N^\ast$ such that $$(1+\sqrt{2})^n = \sqrt{p} + \sqrt{p-1}$$   I used induction but it wasn't fruitful, so I tried to use the binomial expansion of $(1+\sqrt{2})^n$ but it seems I lack some insight to go further.   Any hint is welcomed. I'm using a curve modifier and an array modifier. My object is at one end of the curve but as soon as I choose the curve for the curve modifier it moves to the center. How can I fix the problem so that I can have the array going from one end of the curve to the other? Let $a$ and $b$ be two integers such that $\left(a,b\right) = 1$. Prove that $\left(a+b, ab\right) = 1$.   $(a,b)=1$ means $a$ and $b$ have no prime factors in common  $ab$ is simply the product of factors of $a$ and factors of $b$.  Let's say $k\mid a+b$ where $k$ is some factor of $a$.  Then $ka=a+b$ and $ka-a=b$ and $a(k-l)=b$.  So $a(k-l)=b, \  a\mid a(k-1)$ [$a$ divides the left hand side] therefore $a\mid b$ [the right hand side].  But $(a,b)=1$ so $a$ cannot divide $b$.  We have a similar argument for $b$.  So $a+b$ is not divisible by any factors of $ab$.  Therefore, $(a+b, ab)=1$.  Would this be correct? Am I missing anything? How can I convert characters from Pathfinder to D&D 5e? I recently joined a 5e campaign group, but prior I was gearing up for a Pathfinder group. I found myself really enjoying creating characters and have made various under the Pathfinder rules. The Pathfinder group ended up falling through and I don't want these characters to go to waste, and was thinking I could use them in upcoming campaigns with my new 5e group. I have tried doing some research for the same races and classes. Some seem to have their own versions but others seem to lack one.  The character I am hoping to translate most would be my Sylph swashbuckler, but was also rather interested in the pathfinder "Bloodrager".  I've tried searching the this site but have only found questions asking about converting only races or enemies from D&amp;D 3.5 to 5e, campaigns from 3.5 to Pathfinder, and only 1 question on translating a Pathfinder class (Bloodrager, coincidentally) but nothing on how to go about it.   I of course am aware a 1:1 parallel is unlikely. I am mostly looking for what the general conversion method is, as well as things I should keep note of when trying to translate characters. Proving an inclusion related to algebraic sets and interpreting it Easiest way to setup Ubuntu as a VPN server What are the increased possibilities (if any) of being able to crack a private key given the following:   The associated bitcoin (ECDSA Secp256k1-based) public key is known. The private key has been used to generate a public key from a different ECDSA curve and that public key is also known. It is known that the two public keys are derived from the same private key. It is known which ECDSA curves were used to generate the public keys. It is known which ECDSA curve was used to generate which public key.   Does it make any more difference if there is data that is known to have been signed by the private key and the signature(s) are known and the raw data is known?  EDIT: I should have pointed out that the conditions are ANDed, I.e. All conditions are known. Sorry, I should have been clearer the first time. How do I use the Tooling API to create a new Apex Trigger? How do I use the Tooling API to create a new Apex Trigger (rather than update an existing one)?  According to the  I need to specify the ContentEntityId as an existing Trigger Id. But in my case I don't have an Id because I've trying to create a new sObject.  If I omit the ContentEntityId I get an error back in the SaveResult:     Status Code: INSUFFICIENT_ACCESS_ON_CROSS_REFERENCE_ENTITY   Message: "insufficient access rights on cross-reference id"   The following is more or less a test case in C# that attempts to use the SOAP tooling API to create the new trigger.  SforceService toolingService = //... Get instance of the Tooling API  MetadataContainer container = new MetadataContainer(); container.Name = "Test" + DateTime.Now.Ticks;  SaveResult[] saveResult = toolingService.create(new sObject[] { container }); string metaDataContainerId = saveResult[0].id;  ApexTriggerMember apexTriggerMember = new ApexTriggerMember(); apexTriggerMember.MetadataContainerId = metaDataContainerId; apexTriggerMember.Body = "trigger TestOpportunityBeforeUpdate on Opportunity (before update) {\n//Horray\n}";     // Adding this will successfuly update the existing trigger //apexTriggerMember.ContentEntityId = "01q70000000GuzP";  SaveResult[] triggerSaveResults = toolingService.create(new sObject[] { apexTriggerMember }); Assert.AreEqual(1, triggerSaveResults.Length); SaveResult triggerSaveResult = triggerSaveResults[0]; if (!triggerSaveResult.success) {     Assert.Fail(triggerSaveResult.errors[0].message); } Assert.IsTrue(triggerSaveResult.success);  ContainerAsyncRequest containerRequest = new ContainerAsyncRequest(); containerRequest.MetadataContainerId = metaDataContainerId; containerRequest.IsCheckOnly = false;  SaveResult[] containerResults = toolingService.create(new sObject[] { containerRequest });