What is the difference between ionisation enthalpy and work function?
What's the difference between the work function and ionisation energy?
How is the "charge on a capacitor" defined when two plates are unequally charged? In Concepts of Physics by Dr.. H.C.Verma, in the chapter on "Capacitors", in page 144, under the topic "Capacitor and Capacitance" the following statement is given:     A combination of two conductors placed close to each other is called a capacitor. One of the conductors is given a positive charge and the other is given an equal negative charge. The conductor with the positive charge is called the positive plate and the other is called the negative plate. The charge on the positive plate is called the charge on the capacitor …   Note that the term charge on a capacitor does not mean the total charge given to the capacitor.   (Emphasis mine)  According to the above statement, "the charge on the capacitor" is the charge on the positive plate when both positive and negative plates of a capacitor are equally charged? How to extend this definition when the two plates are unequally charged?   Suppose we supply charges $+Q_1$ and $-Q_2$ to the positive and the negative plates respectively. After electrostatic conditions are attained, I determined the charge distribution on the four surfaces - outer surfaces and inner surfaces of the two plates. The charge on the outer surfaces of the two plates are equal to $\frac{Q_1-Q_2}{2}$. The magnitude of charge on the inner surface of the two plates is $\frac{Q_1+Q_2}{2}$.   Now coming to my doubt, if the "charge on the capacitor" is the charge on the positive plate, which surface of the positive plate should I want to consider - the outer one or the inner one? And what is the reason for this choice? It seems to me that, a capacitor with unequal charges on its plates is not a capacitor in the first place (inferred from the statement above). I have installed VirtualBox OSE on Ubuntu 11.04 and Windows XP pro as the virtual machine. Now I want to have a shared folder which can be accessed on both, my host Ubuntu machine, and my WinXP guest virtual machine.  How can I do that? Why say "of x's" instead of "of x"? I have often heard people say "x of his" or "x of mine". But since his and mine point out ownership, isn't using "of" here doubles that ownership? Wouldn't it be more appropriate to say "x of him" or "x of them" etc.?  Example:     I was a good friend of your dad's. He told me all about you` Multicollinearity when individual regressions are significant, but VIFs are low I have 6 variables ($x_{1}...x_{6}$) that I am using to predict $y$. When performing my data analysis, I first tried a multiple linear regression. From this, only two variables were significant. However, when I ran a linear regression comparing each variable individually to $y$, all but one were significant ($p$ anywhere from less than 0.01 to less than 0.001). It was suggested that this was due to multicollinearity.  My initial research on this suggests checking for multicollinearity by using . I downloaded the appropriate package from R, and ended up with the resulting VIFs: 3.35, 3.59, 2.64, 2.24, and 5.56. According to various sources online, the point you should be worried about multicollinearity with your VIFs is either at 4 or 5.   I am now stumped about what this means for my data. Do I or do I not have a multicollinearity problem? If I do, then how should I proceed? (I cannot collect more data, and the variables are parts of a model that aren't obviously related) If I don't have this problem, then what should I be taking from my data, particularly the fact that these variables are highly significant individually, but not significant at all when combined.  Edit: Some questions have been asked regarding the dataset, and so I would like to expand...  In this particular case, we're looking to understand how specific social cues (gesture, gaze, etc) affect the likelihood of someone producing some other cue. We would like our model to include all significant attributes, so I am uncomfortable removing some that seem redundant.  There are not any hypotheses with this right now. Rather, the problem is unstudied, and we are looking to gain a better understanding of what attributes are important. As far as I can tell, these attributes should be relatively independent of one another (you can't just say gaze and gestures are the same, or one the subset of another). It would be nice to be able to report p values for everything, since we would like other researchers to understand what has been looked at.  Edit 2: Since it came up somewhere below, my $n$ is 24. I'm a big fan of the podcast Astronomy Cast and a while back I was listening to a Q&amp;A episode they did. A listener sent in a question that I found fascinating and have been wondering about ever since.   From the show :      Arunus Gidgowdusk from Lithuania asks: "If you took a one kilogram mass and accelerated it close to the speed of light would it form into a black hole? Would it stay a black hole if you then decreased the speed?"   Dr. Gay, an astrophysicist and one of the hosts, explained that she'd asked a number of her colleagues and that none of them could provide a satisfactory answer. I asked her more recently on Facebook if anyone had come forward with one and she said they had not.  So I thought maybe this would be a good place to ask. The situation is somewhat like-  var someVar = some_other_function(); someObj.addEventListener("click", function(){     some_function(someVar); }, false);   The problem is that the value of someVar is not visible inside the listener function of the addEventListener, where it is probably being treated as a new variable. What are the regional Pokémon? I have heard that there are some Pokémon that are region specific.  Could someone please clarify which Pokémon are region specific and in which regions that they can be found in? Unable to install "quickly" on Ubuntu GNOME 15.10 When running:  sudo apt-get install quickly   To install quickly I get this output:  Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package quickly   Why the error and how can I install it then? Uncertainty principle and multiple observers What is $A^-$ in topology? Hartshorne Algebraic Geometry Proposition 1.5 (page5) In a notherian topological space $X$, every nomempty closed subset $Y$ can be expressed as a finite union $Y=Y_1 \cup \cdots \cup Y_r$ of irreducible closed subsets $Y_i$. If we require that $Y_i \nsupseteq Y_j$ for $i \neq j$, then the $Y_i$ are uniquely determined. They are called the irreducible components of $Y$.    I understood the existence of such a representation. But I can't understand a sentence in  the uniqueness part, which I highlighted: Let $Y=Y_1 \cup \cdots \cup Y_r$ and $Y=Y&#39;_1 \cup \cdots \cup Y&#39;_s$ be two such representation. Then we can deduce that $Y_1=Y&#39;_1$ (the details are in the textbook). Now let $Z=(Y-Y_1)^-$, then $Z=Y_2 \cup \cdots \cup Y_r$ and also $Z=Y&#39;_2 \cup \cdots \cup Y&#39;_s$.  What is the operator $^-$? I understood it as a closure, is it right? But then how can I deduce that $Z$ is represented as $Z=Y_2 \cup \cdots \cup Y_r=Y&#39;_2 \cup \cdots \cup Y&#39;_s$? Easy way to disable a UITextField? Is there an easy way to disable a UITextField in code?  My app has 12 UITextField that are all turned on by default, but when a change is detected in my Segment Control I want to disable some of the UITextField depending on what Segment the user picks.  Just need to know how to disable it or make it non-editable?  Thanks PDE separation of variables Hi could someone guide me this problem  It says ,  $ u_t - u_{xx}-2 u_x=0  $  Use the method of separation of variables to find all possible solutions.   Could someone help me out for this problem. I'm beginner at PDE. I would be much appreciated if you able to show some partial work so that I can understand.  Thanks in advance for taking my consideration How can I install a package on MikTeX? I need to install a LaTeX package on my MikTeX system.  Specifically, I am trying to make biblatex work, but I always get the error message:    ! LaTeX Error: File `biblatex.sty' not found.   I have changed the options to have the "Quick Build" command that includes biblatex too.   Code/commands are correct because it's working under Overleaf. Can't save batch file shortly after running it on Windows 7 Automate the downloading of Data Export zip files After a Data Export has completed there can be a large number of zip files to download.  If there are 80+ files at 130 MB (In Summer 12 the limit has been increased to 512 MB) each and each file takes several minutes to download it can be a time consuming process to do manually.  Is there a way to automate the retrieval of these zip files? Disable or prevent multitouch in Activity Uniform distribution on the surface of unit sphere What determines which pokemon you are allowed to place at a gym? So I defeated a Team Valor gym earlier today using my highest cp Pidgeot. It turned grey, so I went to claim it with that Pidgeot, except it wouldn't let me. What determines which pokemon you are allowed to place at a gym? Is it just those who have participated in a battle can't? Is there a time period for it? What about training at a friendly gym? Does this impact anything? Show $\lim \limits_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} = \|f\|_{\infty}$ for $f \in L^{\infty}$ I have a question that I need help with getting started (possibly I would be back for more help).     I have a measure space $(X,A,\mu)$ that is finite, and $f \in L^{\infty}(\mu)$. Also, defined is $a_n = \int_X\,|f|^n\,d\mu$. I need to show that the limit is: $$\lim_{n\to\infty}\,\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n} = \|f\|_{\infty} .$$   I am stuck on getting started, anybody have any suggestions?  thanks much Is an expanding map on a compact metric space continuous? I got inspired by this question  to think about the following problem: Suppose you have a compact metric space $(X,d)$ and an expanding map $T:X\rightarrow X$, i.e. $d(Tx,Ty)\geq d(x,y)$ for every $x,y\in X$. Is the map $T$ then continuous? Without assuming continuity we already know that $T^n(X)$ must be dense in $X$ for any $n\geq 1$, since given $z\in X$ the orbit of $z$ must accumulate upon $z$. But showing continuity has escaped me so far. If there are counter-examples using the Axiom of Choice that also interests me.