Where is system default environment variable set in MAC OS?
How to set system-wide environment variables on OS X Mavericks
Cannot select text in Safari address bar How do I batch convert many Word documents and have them saved as [originalfilename].pdf? Cross referencing between chapters of a thesis Hi I am new to the forum and fairly new to Tex, if I miss anything out please let me know and I will be glad to post it. I am writing up my PhD thesis using Texmaker on a windows system. I have my document organised with a main file and a sub-directory containing chapter 1 to 5. I want to be able to use the labels I created in chapter two for example in the appendix and vice versa. Is there an easy way to do this?   I have tried following the advice of various posts of including the commands \usepackage{xr} and \externaldocument{Chapters/Chapter_2} in the individual chapters but this leads to an error when compiling.   My Preamble is as follows:  \documentclass[12pt,hidelinks,twoside]{report} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[greek,spanish,english]{babel} \usepackage{textgreek} \usepackage[version=3]{mhchem} \usepackage[a4paper,width=150mm,top=25mm,bottom=25mm,bindingoffset=6mm]{geometry} \usepackage{amsmath, amsfonts, pifont, float, color, url} \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} \usepackage[style=numeric,backend=biber,sorting=none]{biblatex} \addbibresource{references.bib} \usepackage[pdftex, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels, bookmarks=true]{hyperref} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \usepackage[center,font={it,small}]{caption}   I then have a section such as this in the main document:  \begin{document} %%... Title page ... \chapter{Theory and Methods} \label{chap:Theory and Methods} \include{Chapters/chapter_2} %%... Other chapters .... \end{document}   In Chapter 2 I have for example a label for a diagram which I may want to reference in other chapters:  \begin{figure}[H] \centering \includegraphics[height=10cm,width=\textwidth]{RF_colour_hi_res.pdf} \caption{Random Forest} \label{fig:2.1 Random Forest} \end{figure}   How can I have this label show up in other chapters after I type \ref ?  Many thanks in advance.  If any other information is required please let me know.   This has been answered in the comments although the references do not appear in the auto complete if they are copied and pasted in they still work. A Jamaican committed marriage fraud about 30 years ago by marrying a US citizen in a marriage where the groom was paid a certain amount of money to marry her. The groom got in legal trouble for an unrelated matter, and the marriage fraud was discovered and the family friend was deported back to Jamaica. She no longer has any paperwork involved with the deportation and she can’t remember any of the details. I do not know if she simply agreed to return to Jamica when the fraud was discovered, or if she made any attempts to mount any type of legal defense in the case. I do know that she was cooperative with the immigration authorities and that they did not have to come looking for her. She would like to come the USA for a two-week visit. The main purpose of the visit is for her to visit a friend (US citizen) who is terminally ill.  I have been looking at 8 U.S.C. 1182 and from my reading of it, it would seem that she would not be admissible to the US because of the previous immigration fraud. My understanding is based on the section that says:     In general.-Any alien who, by fraud or willfully misrepresenting a material fact, seeks to procure (or has sought to procure or has procured) a visa, other documentation, or admission into the United States or other benefit provided under this Act is inadmissible.   What’s not clear to me is if this means that she would be inadmissible permanently or if this would be subject to the 10 year limit.  Can anyone help provide some clarity on this?  If the ban is not permanent are there any tips to being able to increase her chances of being able to get a visa.  She intends to honestly answer all questions during her application process for a visa. Make flash drive bootable with MULTIPLE Windows Installers I have seen many ways to make a USB an installer for about any Windows OS. But how can I (using grub or something like that) make it bootable to all editions on Windows XP and 7?   I have tried Googling it and researching, I've even tried to do it, But I dont understand much about GRUB or linux at all.  Please keep in mind that I am not very good with linux, so please use as many details as possible. I am considering to create a wiki/blog for most of my study notes that I have made or taken digitally.  Also, for the handwritten and rough ones I am thinking about storing them in my GitHub repository.  Is this a good idea? How do professionals in academia and PhD students organise their notes?  Also, should I keep my notes publicly available?  Edit: The main purpose of keeping my notes public is to have them readily available and searchable of myself and my immediate peers in college. If that benefits someone else, I will be more than glad to have helped.   Update regarding having a blog/wiki: I was thinking about having stuff regarding my take on a certain topic or similar rather than just straightaway putting mugged up lecture notes. (as I mentioned in a comment)  So basically, as I go along a certain topic whatever interesting I find, I post  it. Also I will put in links to papers, books and other interesting literature on the topic that might be helpful while studying the topic. This seems easier to deal with and also serves as a way to track my current interests and/or workflow. mod Distributive Law, factoring $\!\!\bmod\!\!:$ $\ ab\bmod ac = a(b\bmod c)$ I stumbled across this problem  Find $\,10^{\large 5^{102}}$ modulo $35$, i.e. the remainder left after it is divided by $35$  Beginning, we try to find a simplification for $10$ to get: $$10 \equiv 3 \text{ mod } 7\\ 10^2 \equiv 2 \text{ mod } 7 \\ 10^3 \equiv 6 \text{ mod } 7$$ As these problems are meant to be done without a calculator, calculating this further is cumbersome. The solution, however, states that since $35 = 5 \cdot 7$, then we only need to find $10^{5^{102}} \text{ mod } 7$. I can see (not immediately) the logic behind this. Basically, since $10^k$ is always divisible by $5$ for any sensical $k$, then: $$10^k - r = 5(7)k$$ But then it's not immediately obvious how/why the fact that $5$ divides $10^k$ helps in this case. My question is, is in general, if we have some mod system with $a^k \equiv r \text{ mod } m$ where $m$ can be decomposed into a product of numbers $a \times b \times c \ \times ...$, we only need to find the mod of those numbers where $a, b, c.....$ doesn't divides $a$? (And if this is the case why?) If this is not the case, then why/how is the solution justified in this specific instance? npm commands not working on WSL with zsh Preserving signatures of decorated functions Suppose I have written a decorator that does something very generic. For example, it might convert all arguments to a specific type, perform logging, implement memoization, etc.  Here is an example:  def args_as_ints(f):     def g(*args, **kwargs):         args = [int(x) for x in args]         kwargs = dict((k, int(v)) for k, v in kwargs.items())         return f(*args, **kwargs)     return g  @args_as_ints def funny_function(x, y, z=3):     """Computes x*y + 2*z"""     return x*y + 2*z  &gt;&gt;&gt; funny_function("3", 4.0, z="5") 22   Everything well so far. There is one problem, however. The decorated function does not retain the documentation of the original function:  &gt;&gt;&gt; help(funny_function) Help on function g in module __main__:  g(*args, **kwargs)   Fortunately, there is a workaround:  def args_as_ints(f):     def g(*args, **kwargs):         args = [int(x) for x in args]         kwargs = dict((k, int(v)) for k, v in kwargs.items())         return f(*args, **kwargs)     g.__name__ = f.__name__     g.__doc__ = f.__doc__     return g  @args_as_ints def funny_function(x, y, z=3):     """Computes x*y + 2*z"""     return x*y + 2*z   This time, the function name and documentation are correct:  &gt;&gt;&gt; help(funny_function) Help on function funny_function in module __main__:  funny_function(*args, **kwargs)     Computes x*y + 2*z   But there is still a problem: the function signature is wrong. The information "*args, **kwargs" is next to useless.  What to do? I can think of two simple but flawed workarounds:  1 -- Include the correct signature in the docstring:  def funny_function(x, y, z=3):     """funny_function(x, y, z=3) -- computes x*y + 2*z"""     return x*y + 2*z   This is bad because of the duplication. The signature will still not be shown properly in automatically generated documentation. It's easy to update the function and forget about changing the docstring, or to make a typo. [And yes, I'm aware of the fact that the docstring already duplicates the function body. Please ignore this; funny_function is just a random example.]  2 -- Not use a decorator, or use a special-purpose decorator for every specific signature:  def funny_functions_decorator(f):     def g(x, y, z=3):         return f(int(x), int(y), z=int(z))     g.__name__ = f.__name__     g.__doc__ = f.__doc__     return g   This works fine for a set of functions that have identical signature, but it's useless in general. As I said in the beginning, I want to be able to use decorators entirely generically.  I'm looking for a solution that is fully general, and automatic.  So the question is: is there a way to edit the decorated function signature after it has been created?  Otherwise, can I write a decorator that extracts the function signature and uses that information instead of "*kwargs, **kwargs" when constructing the decorated function? How do I extract that information? How should I construct the decorated function -- with exec?  Any other approaches? Context Around this Code: I am making a schedulable class run each Sunday to track a couple of metrics important to the team.   Question: I am looking to consolidate DML operations and a big part of this is understanding pass by reference vs pass by value.  I want to pass the salesOps user object to the method SDREfficiencyLastWeek. I made the return type void, because I figured that I will be passing this by reference and I can make all the updates in the method without having to anything.   Why I am confused:    I read the above article and am thrown off by the following statement:  "Non-primitive data type arguments, such as sObjects, are also passed into methods by value. "   If the object is indeed passed by reference, then the query for the salesOps user in my code should be sufficient enough to edit all fields on that object without actually having to state each field in the query.  global class SDREfficientMetricsSchedulable implements Schedulable  {     global void execute(SchedulableContext sc)      {         User salesOps = [SELECT ID FROM USER WHERE id = '0056A000002Z3p9QAC'];         List&lt;String&gt; queries = new List&lt;String&gt;();          String contactsWorked_lastWeek  = 'select count(id) results from contact where LastActivityDate = last_week';         queries.add(contactsWorked_lastWeek);          String demosSet_lastWeek            = 'select count(id) results from form__c where CreatedDate = last_week';         queries.add(demosSet_lastWeek);          String demosCompleted_lastWeek  = 'select count(id) results from opportunity where (stagename = \'Unqualified Demo Completed\'  OR stagename = \'Qualified Demo Completed\' )  and RecordTypeId = \'0126A000000yudDQAQ\' and CloseDate = last_week';         queries.add(demosCompleted_lastWeek);          String qualifiedDemos_lastWeek  = 'select count(id) results  from opportunity where RecordTypeId = \'0126A0000004Ao6QAE\' and isclosed = false and  SDR_Owner__c != null and CreatedDate = last_week';         queries.add(qualifiedDemos_lastWeek);          String closedWon_lastWeek       = 'select count(id) results  from opportunity where RecordTypeId = \'0126A0000004Ao6QAE\' and iswon = true and  SDR_Owner__c != null and CloseDate = last_week';         queries.add(qualifiedDemos_lastWeek);            SDREfficiencyLastWeek(queries, salesOps);          update salesOps;     }       public void SDREfficiencyLastWeek(List&lt;String&gt; queries, User salesOps )     {        }  } How to prevent Windows 10 from automatically adding keyboard layouts (i.e. US keyboard) Update: this is a lengthy post, you can     Note: The quick language list refers to the list in the screenshot below, accessible throught the shortcut Win + Space bar  I have two languages for windows spell check in my system, English (United States) and French (Switzerland), but despite both languages being properly configured with "Swiss French" input keyboard, US Keyboard input keeps appearing on this list:    Here's the settings for English (United States) language, you can see the only input is "Swiss French":    Same for Français (Suisse), the only input is "Swiss French":    In the Control Panel, both are also set as Swiss French:    All my settings are set to use "language list":     Here's a few things that I already tried:   I already managed to remove it by some language configuration gymnastics, by adding and removing languages, it always eventually comes back I have already done this:  There's no mention of US Keyboard in my registry settings either:     Please help, I'm desperate, this is my third computer with Windows 10 and they all do the same thing. Prove that the power set of an $n$-element set contains $2^n$ elements Theorem. Let $X$ denote an arbitrary set such that $|X|=n$. Then $|\mathcal P(X)|=2^n$.      Proof. The proof is by induction on the numbers of elements of $X$.      For the base case, suppose $|X|=0$. Clearly, $X=\emptyset$. But the empty set is the only subset of itself, so $|\mathcal P(X)|=1=2^0$.      Now the induction step. Suppose $|X|=n$; by the induction hypotesis, we know that $|\mathcal P(X)|=2^n$. Let $Y$ be a set with $n+1$ elements, namely $Y=X\cup\{a\}$. There are two kinds of subsets of $Y$: those that include $a$ and those that don't. The first are exactly the subsets of $X$, and there are $2^n$ of them. The latter are sets of the form $Z\cup\{a\}$, where $Z\in\mathcal P(X)$; since there are $2^n$ possible choices for $Z$, there must be exactly $2^n$ subsets of $Y$ of which $a$ is an element. Therefore $|\mathcal P(Y)|=2^n+2^n=2^{n+1}$. $\square$      From the above explanation, I don't understand why the set that contains $\{a\}$ will contain $2^{|n|}$ elements when it should clearly be $2^{|1|}$.  The construction of a new set $S$ is the union of the old set with cardinality $n$ and an new element $\{a\}$, therefore the set that do not contain $\{a\}$ still has cardinality $n$ and the set that contains $\{a\}$ is just $\{a\}$, one element...  Can someone please elucidate? Let $X$ be an infinite dimensional Banach space. Prove that every Hamel basis of X is uncountable. Let $X$ be an infinite dimensional Banach space. Prove that every basis of $X$ is uncountable.  Can anyone help how can I solve the above problem? How to run firefox and firefox ESR simultaneously The main reason I want to use firefox ESR is to use a proprietary database tool for work that only allows oracle-java based web logins for linux (or a windows only thin client). I also want to use the full version of the outlook web application which only works in firefox. I don't want to run the NPAPI plugins for normal web browsing and email.   I have the repo version of firefox installed and firefox ESR installed in /opt/firefox and linked to /usr/local/firefox-esr  When I run firefox any attempt to run firefox-esr either brings up a window without the NPAPI plugins.   If I try running with the --new-instance or --no-remote options I receive the following error:  Firefox is already running, but is not responding. To open a new window, you must first close the existing Firefox process, or restart your system.   Regardless which one I start first, I can only open that one, and get the above error if I attempt to sidestep.  What makes this an especially annoying problem is that I often have to respond to emails that I need to access the database to deal with. So either I close and open many windows. How to mount a remote (over SSH) directory to be available like a local directory (incl. in shell, not just in Gnome)? Displaying verbatim content with \tl_to_str:* \documentclass{article} \usepackage{expl3} \ExplSyntaxOn \begin{document} \tl_to_str:n { testing _ things }  \par  \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { testing _ things } \tl_to_str:N \l_tmpa_tl \end{document}   gives a strange result (testing ̇things).  How can I get testing_things?  I basically want verbatim content (with line breaking). Deep in my families history (1600's or there abouts) our family split in two. About three or four generations later two distant cousins got married creating a split / rejoin.                G.G.G.Parents A        +---------+---------------------------+     G.G.Grand Parent                      G.G.Grand Parent        |                                     |     G.Grand Parent                        G.Grand Parent        |                                     |     Grand Parent                          Grand Parent        |                                     | +------+-------+                     +-------+-------+ Aunt       Parent A - - -+- - - Parent B         Uncle                          |                   +------+------+                Child A        Child B                  ...           ...   So in this small example, the family splits in two at G.G.Grandparents and then rejoins later when Parent A and Parent B marry.  About 8 years ago I tried to find a software package which could model this and failed. Has anything happened in the intervening time?  Sorry I'm just asking in SE without doing much research, but I spent a lot of effort last time without any success and I am sure there is someone out there who can point me to an excellent package!    @ColeValleyGirl: I'm looking for a piece of software that is able to print out such a tree/DAG (thanks @ACProctor) in high enough quality to display/frame. All software I tried before didn't seem to be able to display this as they seemed to support mainly variations of Ancestors / Descendants rather than an output of all the people that had been inputed.  @AdrianB38: Essentially, I want to see "everyone". The tree I have was put together by my grandfather, who probably had a lot more data/people, but I've only got the hand written tree which highlights this split. It's essentially a tree of my grandparents ancestors (including this split which is joined at a common ancestor) and descendants (me + my family). I'd like to reproduce this in the computer (there is about 400 years - hundreds of people).  @AdrianB38: Re your point about generations, yes, I have that issue. I think it's only one generation, might be two - i've not looked at the tree in a while. The split between families happened over about 150-200 years iirc.  I can write an SVG generator if I really need to (I'm a Software Engineer) albeit I'm aware such a "loop"/"dependency" is painful to program for, but I was hoping that there was something which could handle this. Rejecting a PhD offer after having accepted it. Advice? How do I find out which folder an app is in in iOS 11? In older versions of iOS, if I searched for an app with Spotlight, it would tell me which folder the app was in. (E.g., this feature still works on my iPad, which is running iOS 9, but not on my iPod Touch, which is running iOS 11.)  This feature seems to have been removed at some point. When I search for an app under iOS 11 using Spotlight, it will find the app and let me run it, but it doesn't tell me which folder it is in.  How can I find out which folder an app is in now? Let $W^{1,p}(U)$ be the Sobolev space. Suppose that $U$ is connected bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $u \in W^{1,p}(U)$ satisfies $Du=0$ a.e. in $U$. How can I prove that $u$ is constant a.e. in $U$?