Ubuntu prompts me for a username and password when i didn't make one for Ubuntu
Live CD asks for a username and password
How to show that $\lim_{n \to +\infty} n^{\frac{1}{n}} = 1$? With arrays, why is it the case that a[5] == 5[a]? As Joel points out in , in  (aka: K &amp; R), there is mention of this property of arrays in C: a[5] == 5[a]  Joel says that it's because of pointer arithmetic but I still don't understand. Why does a[5] == 5[a]? Usage of into vs in vs inside When should 'into', 'in' and 'inside' be used?  What are the differences between the three?   For example, what are the differences between the following statements?  Are any of them incorrect?        The frog jumped into the well.   The frog jumped in the well.   The frog jumped inside the well. What makes a spell being cast considered to be a {class} spell? My understanding is that when a spell is known or prepared via one of your class features, or if you cast it via a class feature, it's considered a "class spell" (sorcerer spell, cleric spell, etc.) for you. If you cast it via some method outside your class (items, etc.), it isn't considered a spell from your class.  For clarity, some class features care about whether or not a spell is a 'class' spell (emphasis mine):    Wild Magic Surge for Wild Magic sorcerers can only trigger "[...] immediately after you cast a sorcerer spell [...]". Overchannel for School of Evocation wizards can only be used "when you cast a wizard spell [...]" Empowered Evocation for School of Evocation wizards can also only be used on "[...] any wizard evocation spell you cast". Rod of the pact keeper gives a bonus "[...] to the saving throw DCs of your warlock spells".   Contrast with a feature like Blessed Healer for Life Domain clerics that just use the language of "When you cast a spell [...]", and you'll see why I believe there's an important distinction as to whether or not a spell instance is a 'class' spell.  However, comments on  made me question where my understanding of what makes a spell instance a 'class' spell comes from, and I'm not sure of a concise spot that explains it. What are the rules that govern what is or is not considered a class spell when cast?   Of particular concern is whether or not a spell is, in all instances, a class spell once you've obtained it from your class. For example, if you were a wizard that had magic missile both prepared and in your spellbook, would any instance of magic missile you cast be considered a wizard spell, even if it was cast by way of, say, a wand of magic missile? Decorating Python class methods - how do I pass the instance to the decorator? Given this (very) tricky determinant, how can we calculate it easily?  $$\begin{pmatrix} \alpha + \beta &amp; \alpha \beta &amp; 0 &amp; ... &amp; ... &amp; 0 \\ 1 &amp; \alpha + \beta &amp;  \alpha \beta &amp; 0 &amp; ... &amp; 0 \\ 0 &amp; 1 &amp; \alpha + \beta &amp; \alpha \beta &amp; ... &amp; ... \\ ... &amp; ... &amp; ... &amp; ... &amp; ... &amp; 0 \\ ... &amp; ... &amp; .... &amp; ... &amp; ... &amp; \alpha \beta \\ 0 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 &amp; ... &amp; 1 &amp; \alpha + \beta   \\ \end{pmatrix} \in M_{n\times n}$$  EDIT:     I have to prove it is equal to $\frac{{\alpha}^{n+1} - {\beta}^{n+1}}{\alpha - \beta}$   Any help is appreciated, I just could not find a trick to ease it up! R raster: masking a raster by polygon also remove cells partially covered? I want to mask out a raster based on the values of a polygon: i.e., set to NA all values of the raster that are not covered by the polygons. However, it seems that raster::mask() masks out cells (i.e. set them to NA) even if they are partially covered?  This is similar to the question: , but unlike crop(), mask() does not have the snap="out" option.   Check: here the right point of the triangle touches a cell, yet that cells is masked out.   library(raster) library(sp)  r &lt;- raster(xmn=1, xmx=5, ymn=1, ymx=5, nrows=4, ncols=4) r[] &lt;- 1:length(r)  Sr1 = Polygon(cbind(c(2,4,4,1,2),c(2,3,5,4,2))) Sr2 = Polygon(cbind(c(4.1,4,2),c(2,3,2)))  SpP = SpatialPolygons(list(Polygons(list(Sr1), "s1"), Polygons(list(Sr2), "s2")), 1:2)  plot(mask(r, SpP)) plot(SpP,  add=TRUE) Is it possible to recover an email that has been clicked "delete forever" in the trash folder? Is it possible to recover an email that has been clicked on "delete forever" in the trash folder? I have accidentally clicked delete forever for an email but now I need to recover it. I always stumble when using abbreviations in a sentence, as they inherently contain a period in them. How do I use a comma or a semicolon after an abbreviation? How about a period?  E.g. (This is an example of my quandary) TikZ: Bend text so that it follows a line I have two arrows going from a node on the left to a node on the right. Both arrows are slightly bent. I want to label the arrows with text that is bent just like the arrows. This is as far as I've got:  \begin{tikzpicture} \node (One) at (-3,0) [shape=circle,draw] {One};  \node (Two) at (3,0) [shape=circle,draw] {Two}; \draw [-&gt;, thick] (One) to [bend right=45]  (Two); \draw [-&gt;, thick] (One) to  [bend left=45] (Two); \node (mental) at (0,1.75) {Some bent text}; \node (non-mental) at (0,-1.75) {Some more bent text}; \end{tikzpicture} All Faces to Individual Objects I am looking for a way to take all the faces of an object and make each face it's own object.   In the image above, you'll see a basic representation of what I'm trying to accomplish. On the left is a shape with faces, all attached. On the right is the result I want, an object for each face. The project I'm working on is much more complicated than this example, so I can't select each face and separate by selection. I have over 3,000 faces to work on. What is the difference between metonymy and synecdoche? Is there a single word for "one who speaks/boasts a lot about everything"? I'm looking for a single word to most aptly describe a person possessing the following "qualities":   Appears to be superior in every technology/skill under the sun, which he deems worthy of knowing On being questioned/assigned the task, is found to have only superficial/no knowledge of the said skill. Inherent tendency to "one-up" anyone and everyone - example: "I didn't work hard at all in my undergrad days, but yet I have better/equal grades than you have! "   Could someone help?  Edit: I've got some very good responses, but despite popular opinion for "braggart", I'm going with "pretentious" as it suits what I was looking for more aptly IMHO. Is there any tool available for extracting the X, Y and Z coordinates from a .las file and exporting them to a .csv or similar file? [Firmware Bug]: TSC_DEADLINE disabled due to Errata - what should I do about this? I saw several bugs and error messages when I was looking by chance into the tool called "logs".  Being a newbie in Ubuntu I have no idea how to deal with these bugs, where to report them or how to fix them.  Any help to guide me here?  The bug I have (which is listed under important) reads:  [Firmware Bug]: TSC_DEADLINE disabled due to Errata; please update microcode to version: 0x52 (or later) How to calculate $\lim_{x\to 1^+} \log (x)^{\log(x)}$? How to calculate $\lim_{x\to 1^+} \log (x)^{\log(x)}$ ? i know that its "1", but why? How can i calculate this?  Thank you very very much =) Custom fields not useable in Approve/Reject Approval Request I'm trying to get through my first SalesForce mod and it's definitely been a rocky path. I have one task I'm trying to do, but this section is holding me back.  I have two custom fields.  One a pick list and the other a text box. I have added them to the Approve/Reject Approval Request section in the Opportunity page. I added the fields through the Select Fields to Display on Approval Page Layout and they DO show up on the Approve/Reject Approval Request section. I added them in like ().  However, just the label for the fields show, the field itself is nowhere to be found and can't be used.    You can see and even use the fields when you open the Opportunity page itself, but when you go to use the Approve/Reject, you can't do anything with them or see any values.  I was never a SalesForce user and got this tossed in my lap and really don't know my way around yet. I appreciate any help on this!!  Thanks!!  Kurt Field extensions and algebraic/transcendental elements Let $E$ be an extension of field $F$, and let $\alpha, \beta \in E$. Suppose $\alpha$ is transcendental over $F$ but algebraic over $F(\beta)$.   Show that $\beta$ is algebraic over $F(\alpha)$.  Okay, first questions: What does the notation $F(\alpha)$ and $F(\beta)$ mean? And being transcendental means it solves no equations with rational coefficients, but what does it mean for a field? Disable Repeated System Alerts in iOS 7 On iOS 7, there is a feature under Cellular in Settings called: Use Cellular Data For:. This lists all of the apps I have on my iPhone 4 with individual On/Off Switches to disable or enable cellular data. So, I disable it on several of my apps, one of which being Music. When I open my Music app, it tells me…     Cellular Data is Turned Off for "Music"   You can turn on cellular data for this app in Settings.   This alert does not occur once, but every time I clear the Music app from my multitasking and re-open it. Is there a way to dismiss this alert once and forever?  The alert looks something like this, but for Music: Is the prefix "pre-" meaningless in the terms "pre-heated" and "pre-board"? This question poses a paradox of meaning. The general question is whether, if two sentences (x and y) can be used in the same situation, with the same literal meaning, and x and y only differ in that x has morphological affixes that y doesn't, aren't the surplus affixes "meaningless" by the alternation test?   Take this example:  I put the chicken inside a preheated oven.    Wouldn't it make more sense to say:  I put the chicken inside a heated oven.      There is only two states an oven can possibly be in—heated or unheated.      Another example: Does first-class board the plane, or pre-board the plane?  What does that mean—to get on before you get on?