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Periodically, my MacBook Pro 17" stops recognizing my headphones. No amount of unplugging and replugging seems to help. The sound settings never show headphones as an output device. How can I fix this? The only thing I can find elsewhere on the Internet are people saying, "Reboot!" This works, but is impractical and annoying. How would one be able to prove mathematically that $1+1 = 2$? Is it possible to prove that $1+1 = 2$? Or rather, how would one prove this algebraically or mathematically? I'm unable to access the following website from my Internet Explorer 8 under Windows XP with Internet Explorer unable to display web page error. By the other hand the FireFox browser at the same Windows XP can access this website.  How to solve the issue with IE8 ? Site.createPortalUser() returning null in test context Problem writing aux file After the training phase, is it better to run neural networks on a GPU or CPU? My understanding is that GPUs are more efficient for running neural nets, but someone recently suggested to me that GPUs are only needed for the training phase. Once trained, it's actually more efficient to run them on CPUs.  Is this true? Every season near the trade deadline, we see teams that are out of it trading expensive players and/or free agents-to-be, typically for younger players or prospects.  For example, Matt Garza, set to become a free agent after the season, was traded to the Rangers for a few prospects.  It made sense for the Cubs to trade Garza, because he wasn't under contract any further than this season, and thus doesn't have much value to them.  Compare Garza to someone like Mike Trout, who is likely the most valuable property in baseball, given his skill and inexpensive cost over the next several years.  There's no way the Angels would trade him, because he'll be the cost-controlled centerpiece of the team for years to come.  However, with the Angels out of it this year, what if they wanted to trade Trout to a contender (say the Pirates), but only for the remainder of this season?  That is, they'd get several top prospects now, and would have an agreement with the Pirates that they'd trade him back in the offseason (for something pretty worthless, say for a journeyman minor leaguer).  The Pirates get Trout for the stretch run and are happy to give up a few prospects.  Trout doesn't have much value to the Angels this year, but he has a ton of value for next year.  So they get a few prospects for him, in exchange for the part of his career which has very little value to them.  So in effect, the Pirates are renting or borrowing him for the remainder of 2013.  Why don't trades like this happen?  Are there any rules prohibiting trades like this? How does the integral $\int_{D_C} e^{ia z}P(z)/Q(z)\,\mathrm{d}z$ blow up. In my book I have a theorem that goes something like the following     Let $P(x)$ be $Q(x)$ polynomials such that $\deg(Q) \geq \deg(P) + 2$.   Then \begin{align*}  \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac{P(x)}{Q(x)}  e^{iax} \,\mathrm{d}x  = 2 \pi i \frac{a}{|a|} \sum_{k=1}^{m} \mathrm{Res}\left[  \frac{P(x)}{Q(x)} , z_k \right] \end{align*} where $a$ is a real   constant and $z_1,\,\ldots\,,z_m$ are the singularities to $P(x)/Q(x)$ in   the upper halfplane if $a&gt;0$ and the lower halfplane if $a&lt;0$.   I am having a bit of problems understanding this. I know the reason why we have to switch contour is that $e^{iz}$ blows up. But I really can not see why or how it blows up.   Take the canonical example for why this theorem is useful  $$   J = \int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{e^{iz}}{z^2+1} $$    Now the clue here is to show that the integral along the curve tends to zero, and then use the residue theorem. To show that the integral tends to zero I did this \begin{align*}  \left| \int_{C_1} \frac{e^{iz}}{1+z^2} \,\mathrm{d}z\right|  \leq \int_{C_1} \left| \frac{e^{iz}}{1+z^2} \right| \,\mathrm{d}z   \leq \sup_{z = R e^{i \theta}} \left( \frac{1}{\left|1+z^2\right|} \right)       \int_{C_1} |e^{iz}| \,\mathrm{d}z \end{align*} where the $ML$-inequality was used in the last inequality  On the circle with radius $R$ we have $|e^{iz}|=R$, and we can use the inequality $|a+b|\leq|a|-|b|$ to simplify further \begin{align*}  \left|\int_{D_R} \frac{e^{iz}}{1+z^2}\,\mathrm{d}z \right|  \leq \sup_{z = R e^{i \theta}} \left( \frac{1}{|z|^2-1}\right)  \int_{D_R} R \,\mathrm{d}z  \leq \pi \frac{R}{R^2-1} \end{align*} which tends to zero as $R \to \infty$ as wanted. but if one instead had $e^{-iz}$ then the theorem states that one has to use the lower half plane. But I do not see where my calculations err if one persists in using the contour in the upper half plane? What goes wrong, and why does it go wrong? $|e^{-iz}|$ should still be $R$ on the semi-circle.   How can one formally show that the integral diverges when picking the contour as a semi circle in the lower half plane? Is torque as fundamental a concept as force? I used to think that torque and force were equally “fundamental”. In other words, my understanding was that we usually use Cartesian coordinates in many common problems because it is a convenient system, so as a result instantaneous forces which act in straight lines seem “easier” mathematically but torques require some extra “baggage”. This baggage includes typically teaching that torque is defined in terms of force.  But if say we happened to choose polar coordinates for the problem the situation would appear the other way around. So it would be arbitrary if we chose to define forces in terms of torques instead.  But later on I learned that angular momentum is conserved independently of regular linear momentum (IIRC). Given the definitions of force &amp; torque as derivatives of momentum, this makes it seem much less certain that one should define either torque in terms of force or vice versa — it gives the impression they are more distinct than it first seemed.  That said, as far as I know a lot of physics is about defining &amp; describing “fundamental forces” — not “fundamental torques”.   So is choosing to use either force or torque as the basis of laws &amp; problems arbitrary? Or is there an actual fundamental rationale to when one or the other should be used? Do potion effects affect the ender dragon? I am at the ender dragon and have tons of Potions of instant damage. I never got into range, but do the effects even do anything? How can I disable the volume warning if you raise the volume too much? What software to cite in a manuscript, and how? When writing a manuscript for a scientific article, I often wonder what software I should cite or acknowledge, and how.  The first problem is to make a choice which software to cite. On the one hand, there is no way to cite all software, as this would mean to cite my whole software stack (Linux, GNU tools, emacs, git, ...). On the other hand, not citing any software is not fair, either. Furthermore, some software explicitly asks to be cited, some software doesn't. Also, some software is really crucial to the results, some isn't. Another important aspect is that citing software is not only about giving credit to the authors of the software, but also to give other scientists hints on what software they might want to use. So, the choice which software to cite is a problem.  The second problem is how to cite the software. Some (scientific) software does provide a classical scientific article that can be cited. However, in this case, no URL to the software is given. Others do not have an associated article. How do I cite these? I have seen people that cite the manual of a software, others just give the URL. What is the way to go?  Another aspect is where to cite the software. Some software can be cited in the course of the articles text, but when it comes to more fundamental software, other places may be more appropriate.  Are there any good ideas out there on any of these aspects? Calculate the limit including binomial coefficients How can I render an edge only mesh as solid lines? How to install squid-deb-proxy-client via preseed/early_command Using Lucid, installing from the Lucid mini.iso.  Both AMD64.  In the following I've tried as \, all of apt-get, apt-install, anna-install, dpkg:  d-i preseed/early_command string &lt;cmd+opt&gt; squid-deb-proxy-client   I've also tried:   d-i preseed/early_command string /usr/bin/wget \     -O squid-deb-proxy-client_0.3.1_all.deb \     http://ubuntu.media.mit.edu/ubuntu//pool/universe/s/squid-deb-proxy/squid-deb-proxy-client_0.3.1_all.deb &amp;&amp; dpkg -i squid-deb-proxy-client_0.3.1_all.deb   Is this possible, and if nor what is the earliest point one can get a installation to use the squid-deb-proxy server? In Windows there is a straightforward "Format" option in a flash drive's right-click pop-up menu. Where's that in Ubuntu? Using a diode to ensure current flows in only one direction, without causing a voltage drop To power my microcontroller (ATmega8), I am using a ~5.4V voltage source. I want to ensure that I don't accidentally connect the voltage source in reverse, and figured a diode would be a nice way to accomplish this as from what I have learned so far, a diode allows current to flow in one direction, and blocks it in the other.  But what I also learned is that diodes create drops in voltage. I have a few of the typical diodes (1N4001, 1N4148, etc.), and would like to use them to achieve the aforementioned result without dropping the voltage as it would be too low to power the IC.  My question is, is there any way to do this with a diode? Or do I need some other component (if so, what would you recommend)? Writing test code for wrapper class I created a controller which looks like this  public with sharing class EventRegistrationController {      // A CONTROLLER FUNCTION     // FUNCTION RETURNS A LIST OF cSession      public List&lt;cSession&gt; getSessions() {            //DO STUFF       }     //A PUBLIC CLASS WITHIN CONTROLLER    @TestVisible public class cSession      {         public Session__c con {get; set;}         public Boolean selected {get; set;}          //This is the contructor method.          public cSession(Session__c c) {              con = c;             selected = false;         }     }  }   I need to write a test code for the controller, how can I create a list of cSession and call getSession function? Sed - unknown option to `s' How to remove uninstalled wine app icons from unity dash?