Integral of the square of a non-standard gaussian pdf
Integral of the square of the normal distribution.
9 pirates have to divide 1000 coins... How to download all required Ubuntu drivers Is there a reason why we gain ghost reputation on the meta of an SE website? Is there any reason behind the ghost reputation we gain on the meta of a Stack Exchange site? This reputation doesn't add up to anything, but it still shows me I have gained some. Is this supposed to make any sense? Have a seat, guys   I think "have a seat" is a fixed phrase that does not change whether you address someone or a group of people.  Is that correct?  If you have more to add to the post, please do so as I would love to know more. Quick directory navigation in the bash shell Is it posible to add iframe directly in lightning components? Is it possible to add iframe directly in a lightning component as below to visible in community sites ?  &lt;aura:component implements="forceCommunity:availableForAllPageTypes" access="global" &gt;     &lt;iframe width="800" height="600" style="border: 1px solid" src="---" /&gt; &lt;/aura:component&gt; Ampere's law and external currents In Ampere's law, the current outside the curve taken is not included in the expression. Does it mean that the magnetic field calculated by using the law gives the contribution of only the currents crossing the area bounded by the curve? Using the same code behind file for multiple .aspx pages What do the bars between keyframes mean? Proof Verification : Prove -(-a)=a using only ordered field axioms I need to prove for all real numbers $a$, $-(-a) = a$ using only the following axioms:     Thanks to many members of the Mathematics Stackexchange Community, I have the following proof worked out:  Theorem: The Additive Inverse Identity is Unique  $ ( \forall a,b,c \in \mathbb{R} )(a+b=0) \land (a+c=0) \\ ( \forall a,b,c \in \mathbb{R} )(a+b=a+c) \\ ( \forall a,b,c \in \mathbb{R} )(b=c) \\ \text{QED} \\ $  Theorem $\textbf{a} \cdot \textbf{0 = 0}$  $ \begin{align} a \cdot 0 &amp;= a \cdot 0 \\ a \cdot (0 + 0) &amp;= a \cdot 0 \\ a \cdot 0 + a \cdot 0 &amp;= a \cdot 0 \\ a \cdot 0 + a \cdot 0 + (-a) \cdot 0 &amp;= a \cdot 0 + (-a) \cdot 0 \\ a \cdot 0 &amp;= 0 \\ &amp;\text{QED} \\ \end{align} $  Theorem: $-\textbf{1} \cdot \textbf{(a) = (}-\textbf{a)}$  $ \begin{align} a \cdot 0 &amp;= 0 \\ a \cdot \left[ 1 + (-1) \right] &amp;= a + (-a) \\ 1 \cdot a + (-1) \cdot a &amp;= a + (-a) \\ -1 \cdot (a) &amp;= (-a) \\ &amp;\text{QED} \\ \end{align} $  Theorem: $-\textbf{(}-\textbf{a) = a}$  $ \begin{align} 0 &amp;= 0 \\ -a \cdot 0 &amp;= 0 \\ -a \cdot \left[ 1 + (-1) \right] &amp;= 0 \\ -a \cdot 1 + -a \cdot (-1) &amp;= 0 \\ -a + \left[ -(-a) \right] &amp;= 0 \\ -(-a) &amp;= a \\ \text{QED} \\ \end{align} $  Does everything look alright? Have I missed anything?  Also--why is it necessary to show that the additive inverse is unique?  Many thanks in advance. Sci-fi novel, scout crash lands on planet, shaman sees competition and wrecks spherical spaceship I read this years ago. A scout in spherical advanced ship lands on a planet. Natives are friendly, but the shaman perceives competition, and sneaks into the craft and scatters potions on the controls, their acid eating into plastics and metals. He can be rescued at the other side of planet, but he has a deadline. Eventually all make airship and he makes it. JQuery to load Javascript file dynamically How to Fix "Read-only file system" error when I run something as sudo and try to make a folder/file? When I try to save something or rename a file/folder it say this error " Read-only file system" or run something as root in the terminal it say this error  sudo: unable to open /var/lib/sudo/"My User Name"/0: Read-only file system  W: Not using locking for read only lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock E: Unable to write to /var/cache/apt/   E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.   When I make a Folder the error dialog in the details with Nautilus is this:    Error creating directory: Read-only file system   I would show you I picture of it but it isn't even letting my save onto my flash drive. Please help me. Why Lasso or ElasticNet perform better than Ridge when the features are correlated I have a set of 150 features, and many of them are highly correlated with each other. My goal is to predict the value of a discrete variable, whose range is 1-8. My sample size is 550, and I am using 10-fold cross-validation.   AFAIK, among the regularization methods (Lasso, ElasticNet, and Ridge), Ridge is more rigorous to correlation among the features.  That is why I expected that with Ridge, I should obtain a more accurate prediction.  However, my results show that the mean absolute error of Lasso or Elastic is around 0.61 whereas this score is 0.97 for the ridge regression. I wonder what would be an explanation for this.  Is this because I have many features, and Lasso performs better because it makes a sort of feature selection, getting rid of the redundant features? Do I need a transit visa to collect and re-check my luggage at Istanbul Ataturk airport? I'm Egyptian and flying to Cairo from Tbilisi, via Istanbul. The first flight Tbilisi-Istanbul is on Atlasjet, then from Istanbul to Cairo I am flying on Egyptair. For that, I have to recheck in at Istanbul to my Egyptair flight  Will I need to pass passport control at Istanbul airport to collect my bags and check in on Egyptair? Will I need a transit visa for that? Or it can be all done through neutral zone? Do you need to disavow on [HTTPS SSL] after performing a disavow on [HTTP] I have a client which disavowed a few thousand dirty links from his site profile back in February 2015. Recently the site was switch from HTTP to HTTPS (SSL enforced).   Google recommends that you add all variations to the Google Console (Webmaster Tools).  The site has a total of 4 variations, eg:    http://www.example.com (Previously Preferred) http://example.com https://www.example.com (Now Preferred) https://example.com   Question:  Since technically this is a new property in Google Webmaster Tools, do you need to submit the same disavow file added previously back in 2015? Why doesn't a block rotate due to friction? Why does pluralization of compound words typically occur in the middle as opposed to the end of the word? As I understand, correct plural versions of passerby and attorney general become passersby and attorneys general.  But why?  With passerby, the the preposition "by" has been combined with the noun "passer" to become a one word noun "passerby".  So why shouldn't this be passerbys?  If I am an attorney general, and you are an attorney general, why are we not attorney generals?  As an American I have always heard it as attorneys general, however  suggests British English does use "attorney-generals" (as well as an interesting 2nd paragraph that further probes my question).  Are there hard rules to this topic?  Or merely generally accepted practices based on locale? How to cleanup deadlinks I was reading some answers about ruby and there are a lot of links to _why's sites.  and took all his sites with him.  Almost every introduction question about ruby will include at least one or two links to one of his sites. Examples:          With a bit more effort I could probably find more questions with a lot of deadlinks.  My suggestion for discussion was, what would be a good way to solve deadlinks in the answers/comments? Not every site _why created has resurfaced somewhere else, but some could be replaced by new links.  But I wanted the discussion to go beyond this specific problem of deadlinks in the ruby answers, an automatic solution would be to let the links be scanned in a batch and when found dead be replaced by a google cache or webarchive version of the page, and perhaps mark it so that the community can replace the link with an alternative? Is there a way to make the following return true?  string title = "ASTRINGTOTEST"; title.Contains("string");   There doesn't seem to be an overload that allows me to set the case sensitivity.. Currently I UPPERCASE them both, but that's just silly (by which I am referring to the  issues that come with up- and down casing).  UPDATE This question is ancient and since then I have realized I asked for a simple answer for a really vast and difficult topic if you care to investigate it fully. For most cases, in mono-lingual, English code bases  answer will suffice. I'm suspecting because most people coming here fall in this category this is the most popular answer.  answer however brings up the inherent problem that we can't compare text case insensitive until we know both texts are the same culture and we know  what that culture is. This is maybe a less popular answer, but I think it is more correct and that's why I marked it as such.