How to decide whether to use 'that' or 'which'?
When to use “that” and when to use “which”, especially in relative clauses
This isn't a particularly major issue, but I've had this thing nagging me for a while. When looking at QGIS 3.4's global variables, user_full_name is assigned my given and surname, which includes a diaeresis (¨) somewhere in there. I can't seem to find any way to get QGIS to switch/adapt encoding and display the name correctly. The accented character gets switched to that ubiquitous black rhombus.  I looked for info on this behavior and found moderately similar issues like  and  but it's not exactly the same problem as it's not a geodata encoding issue but rather how QGIS deals with values pulled from the OS.  I have tried unchecking the Override system locale tickbox in Options|General as I prefer to use American English even though my OS is set to Canadian French. No effect to observe.  There's somewhat of a workaround right now which is to fix the name in the Project variable project_author as it is editable (it's filled with the offending global variable by default).  I'm curious to know, though, if someone has encountered this before and if there's a solution in QGIS. Conditional clause (then) In this first instance the main clause only stands alone if you  omit (then).  But in the other example it clearly has a main clause. So would this be classed as an embedded main clause as it only works as a independent clause if it's adjusted and or if it's joined with a dependent clause.  If I have enough money, then I will buy a new car.  If it rains, the picnic will be cancelled.  The picnic will be cancelled if it rains. How do I delete a folder which is nested quite deep and avoid "File name too long"? Using a Single system() Call to Execute Multiple Commands in C In an information security lab I'm working on, I've been tasked with executing multiple commands with a single call to "system()" (written in C, running on Fedora).  What is the syntax that will allow me to execute more than command through system()?  (The idea being you could execute arbitrary commands through a program running on a remote computer, if the program interacts with the OS through the system() call.)  I.e.:  char command[] = "????? \r\n";  system(command); Can you play a Progress Card even when you get nothing from it? If I have a Progress Card for which initial preconditions do not hold, will I still be able to use it in order to discard it back to the pile? The goal is to prevent a spy from stealing it.  A few examples:   I am leading in victory points but I want to use Wedding card. I have Irrigation but I don't have any wheat hexagons. I have Blacksmith but I don't have any ore hexagons. How can I make my Photoshop text appear like it does on the web? Do I really have to design everything in Photoshop with anti-aliasing set to "none"?  I'm sure there is a better way.    I'd like to have a setting so that when picking a basic web-safe (such as Tahoma) in Photoshop so I can see what it will actually look like when on the web.  For example: The difference between Tahoma with anti-aliasing set to "crisp" in Photoshop and how it renders in Firefox is major.  It looks nice and smooth in Photoshop and looks like crap on the web.  Is there a anti-aliasing choice that is best to start with (that has the most similar outcome) when planning to have the content live on the web? String handling by OneHotEncoder I am reading everywhere on new questions and blogs that since version 0.20, OneHotEncoder is able to handle string features. Moreover, the documentation is what looks more ambiguous. Here are the first two lines from the documentation:  Encode categorical integer features as a one-hot numeric array. The input to this transformer should be an array-like of integers or strings, denoting the values taken on by categorical (discrete) features.  First line says it  encodes categorical integer features  and the next line says  input should be array like of integers or strings.  When i tried it, i still got the value error. print(X.columns) encoder = OneHotEncoder(categorical_features=[1,4,5]) encoder.fit(X)  Index(['age', 'sex', 'bmi', 'children', 'smoker', 'region'], dtype='object') ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'female'  I am aware of the means to handle encoding of string features with LabelEncoder, ColumnTransfomer and pd.getDummies() but specifically want to understand about this. Endofunctors of $\textsf{FinVec}$ which are not $C^n$ Get selected element's outer HTML $ echo $(( 255 )) 255 $ echo $(( 33 )) 33 $ echo $(( ~33 )) -34 $ echo $(( ~255 )) -256 $    and my kernel is:  $ uname -a Linux HOSTNAME 3.2.0-40-generic-pae #64-Ubuntu SMP Mon Mar 25 21:44:41 UTC 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux     QUESTION: ~ is for negating the number AFAIK. But why does ~33 produce -34 and why does ~255 produce -256? Solving Hardy Weinberg problems I really fail to understand Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and can't find an easy enough source of information.  Can you help me to understand Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?  My goal is to be able to solve the following kind of problem     In a population with two alleles for a certain locus, B and b, the allele frequency of B is 0.7. What is the frequency of heterozygotes if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? How can I do traffic shaping in Linux by IP? We have a transparent proxy setup. I tried looking for traffic shaping in Linux, and all I could find online was to limit traffic by interface (eth0/eth1...).  I need to limit the bandwidth (never exceeding a specific limit) by IP address or IP ranges and I can't find a way to do that.  Is there any way to do that? How to Fix Broken Packages? Find all solutions to the functional equation $f(x) +f(x+y)=y+2 $ Auto size image to page size in InDesign I've got an InDesign document with 100 A4 pages.   I've got 100 assets (a mixture of .jpg and .pdf files) and I want to place 1 per page. If an image is not the proportion of the A4 page I would like to get it as big as it can be on the page before it hits into the margin. Ex. if it's a portrait image it should be as large as it can be before hits the top/bottom margin. If it's a landscape image it should be as large as it can be before hits the left/right margin.   At the moment I'm dragging each file across and resizing them manually. Is it possible just drop them on the page and get them auto resized ? Does there exist an holomorphic function such that $|f(z)|\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{|z|}}$? I have some trouble solving this problem: Does there exist a holomorphic function $f$ on $\mathbb C\setminus \{0\}$ such that $$|f(z)|\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{|z|}}$$ for all $z\in\mathbb C \setminus \{0\}$? I don't know where to start. My intuition is that you would get a problem with the singularity near $0$, but I am not sure how to prove it. Any help would be appreciated! Thanks! Whenever a question pops up on SO about Java synchronization, some people are very eager to point out that synchronized(this) should be avoided. Instead, they claim, a lock on a private reference is to be preferred.  Some of the given reasons are:    (very popular this one, also has an "accidentally" variant)     Other people, including me, argue that synchronized(this) is an idiom that is used a lot (also in Java libraries), is safe and well understood. It should not be avoided because you have a bug and you don't have a clue of what is going on in your multithreaded program. In other words: if it is applicable, then use it.  I am interested in seeing some real-world examples (no foobar stuff) where avoiding a lock on this is preferable when synchronized(this) would also do the job.  Therefore: should you always avoid synchronized(this) and replace it with a lock on a private reference?      Some further info (updated as answers are given):   we are talking about instance synchronization both implicit (synchronized methods) and explicit form of synchronized(this) are considered if you quote Bloch or other authorities on the subject, don't leave out the parts you don't like (e.g. Effective Java, item on Thread Safety: Typically it is the lock on the instance itself, but there are exceptions.) if you need granularity in your locking other than synchronized(this) provides, then synchronized(this) is not applicable so that's not the issue Is the proposal creator guaranteed moderator status? When an Area 51 site goes into public beta is the person who created the proposal one of the pro tem moderators or not?  They are talking on Area 51 about combining all the sports proposals into , including one I proposed. Would I still be one of the pro tem moderators on the merged site?  Is the proposal creator afforded any elevated status or perk? Is it possible to prove that $1+1 = 2$? Or rather, how would one prove this algebraically or mathematically? Let $f:\mathbb{R}_+ \to \mathbb{R}_+$ be a monotone decreasing function defined on the positive real numbers with $$\int_0^\infty f(x)dx &lt;\infty.$$ Show that $$\lim_{x\to\infty} xf(x)=0.$$   This is my proof: Suppose not. Then there is $\varepsilon$  such that for any $M&gt;0$ there exists $x\geq M$ such that $xf(x)\geq \varepsilon$. So we can construct a sequence $(x_n)$ such that $x_n \to \infty $ and $x_n f(x_n ) \geq \varepsilon$. So $$\frac{\varepsilon}{x_n}\leq f(x_n) \implies \sum_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\frac{\varepsilon}{x_n} \leq  \sum_{n\in\mathbb{N}} f(x_n) \leq \int_0^1 f(x)dx.$$ So we get a contradiction.  I feal like I have the correct idea but some details are wrong.  Any help would be appreciated.