Mobile web interface for review
Review option on mobile phone not available?
Studying for CISSP these choices seemed limited:     What is the advantage of digital signatures over message authentication codes?         Digital Signature provides integrity verification while message authentication code does not   Digital Signature provides confidentiality while message authentication code does not   Digital Signatures provide authenticity while message authentication code does not   Digital Signatures works faster than message authentication codes      Using the following chart as a reference, I'm leaning towards #2, but none of the choices really fit properly…  Cryptographic primitive | Hash |    MAC    | Digital Security Goal           |      |           | signature ------------------------+------+-----------+------------- Integrity               |  Yes |    Yes    |   Yes Authentication          |  No  |    Yes    |   Yes Non-repudiation         |  No  |    No     |   Yes ------------------------+------+-----------+------------- Kind of keys            | none | symmetric | asymmetric                         |      |    keys   |    keys   Hopefully an expert here can clarify. What problem does oversampling, undersampling, and SMOTE solve? Are all continuous one one functions differentiable? Smaller vs. less vs. lesser I am confused as to some of the vocabulary that can be used to compare numbers and quantities, and would very much appreciate some clarification.   I suppose it is safe to say that 1 is smaller than 2.   Can I also say that 1 is less than 2, and if so, which form is preferable?   It seems that saying that 1 is lesser than 2 is uncommon - but is it incorrect?   Finally, -2 is clearly less than -1, but is it true that -2 is smaller than -1? (If I have 2$ of debt, then I would say that I have less money than if I had 1$ of debt, but I would also say that my debt was larger, not smaller). I have a vector file containing thousands of points. Where points are within x distance from each other, I wish to delete one of the points and keep the other (either by snapping to one point, or simply erasing one of the two points)  However, in Whitebox the vector cleaning tool only works with polygons and lines.  Is there some other way I can do this with my shapefiles? How to fix the MBR for Windows 7? How can one request reconsideration of a   after a certain period of time, let us say after one year? Idempotent linear operators are projections I'm working on this problem: Suppose $V$ is a Hilbert space and $P : V \to V$ is a linear map such that $P^2= P$ and $\Vert Pf \Vert \leq \Vert f \Vert$ for every $f \in V$. Prove that there exists a closed subspace $U$ of $V$ such that $P = P_U$. I did do some searching online and I know that $P$ is an idempotent matrix and I know that $U$ is supposed to be $\text{range}P$, which I can show is closed. However, I'm having a hard time showing $P_{\text{range}P} = P$. I know that I can decompose $f = g + h$, where $g \in \text{range}P$ and $h$ is in the orthogonal complement of $\text{range}P$. I'm not sure how to proceed. Most of the online searches require that $P$ be self-adjoint, but this question doesn't have this condition. Can I get some help? Index entries duplicated for captions Underline my name in the bibliography For several documents I'm preparing, I need to highlight (or underline) occurences of my name within the bibliography.   Is there an easy way of doing this? Commutator of two normal subgroups with trivial intersections So I tried looking everywhere but I'm really lost with this proof. I need to to show that:  Let $H$, $K$ be normal subgroups of a group $G$, satisfying $H\cap K = \{e\}$. Let $h\in H$, $k \in K$. (a) Prove that the commutator $w = hkh^{-1}k^{−1}$ satisfies $w \in H$ and $w \in K$. Then conclude that $w = e$ (b) Prove that $hk = kh$, for all $h \in H$, $k \in K$. How to set an image as a background for Frame in Swing GUI of java? Can't install aircrack-ng Whenever I attempt to install aircrack-ng in terminal I get the following error:  Package aircrack-ng is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source However the following packages replace it:   iw  E: Package 'aircrack-ng' has no installation candidate"   I'm new to Ubuntu and so have no idea what to do. Why is there such a big difference between "Size" and "Size on disk"? If $a_{1},a_{2},a_{3},a_{4}\in \mathbb{R}$ and $a_{1}+a_{2}+a_{3}+a_{4}=0$ and $a^2_{1}+a^2_{2}+a^2_{3}+a^2_{4}=1.$ Then Range of $$E =(a_{1}-a_{2})^2+(a_{2}-a_{3})^2+(a_{3}-a_{4})^2+(a_{4}-a_{1})^2$$ is  Try: From $$(a_{1}-a_{2})^2+(a_{2}-a_{3})^2+(a_{3}-a_{4})^2+(a_{4}-a_{1})^2$$ $$=2(a^2_{1}+a^2_{2}+a^2_{3}+a^2_{4})+2(a_{1}a_{2}+a_{2}a_{3}+a_{3}a_{4}+a_{4}a_{1})$$ $$=2-2(a_{1}+a_{3})(a_{2}+a_{4})=2+2(a_{1}+a_{3})^2\geq 2$$ and equality hold when $\displaystyle a_{1}=-a_{3}$ and $a_{2}=-a_{4}$ Could some help me how to find its upper bound, Thanks How can I install the most used plugins like flash player and mp3 in Ubuntu? Can players on a PC and an Xbox play together in any way? I.e. can Xbox users connect to a (modfied?) PC server, or vice versa? Serial protocol delimiting/synchronization techniques As asynchronous serial communication is widely spread among electronic devices even nowadays, I believe many of us have encountered such a question from time to time. Consider an electronic device D and a computer PC connected with serial line (RS-232 or similar) and required to exchange information continuously. I.e. PC is sending a command frame each X ms, and D is replying with status report/telemetry frame each Y ms (The report can be sent as response to requests or independently - doesn't really matter here). The communication frames can contain any arbitrary binary data. Assuming the communication frames are fixed-length packets. The problem: As the protocol is continuous, the receiving side might loose the synchronization or just &quot;join&quot; in the middle of an ongoing sent frame, so it just won't know where the start of frame (SOF) is. A the data has different meaning based on its position relatively to the SOF, the received data will become corrupted, potentially forever. The required solution Reliable delimiting/synchronization scheme to detect the SOF with short recovery time (i.e. it shouldn't take more than, say 1 frame to resynchronize). The existing techniques I am aware (and using some) of: 1) Header / checksum - SOF as predefined byte value. Checksum in the end of frame.  Pros: Simple. Cons: Not reliable. Unknown recovery time.  2) Byte stuffing:  Pros: Reliable, fast recovery, can be used with any hardware Cons: Not that suitable for fixed-size frame-based communication  3) 9th bit marking - prepend each byte with additional bit, while SOF marked with 1 and the data bytes are marked with 0:  Pros: Reliable, fast recovery Cons: Requires hardware support. Not directly supported by most of PC hardware and software.  4) 8th bit marking - kind of emulation of the above, while using the 8th bit instead of 9th, which is leaving only 7bits for each data word.  Pros: Reliable, fast recovery, can be used with any hardware. Cons: Requires an encoding/decoding scheme from/to the conventional 8-bit representation to/from 7-bit representation. Somewhat wasteful.  5) Timeout based - assume the SOF as the first byte coming after some defined idle time.  Pros: No data overhead, simple. Cons: Not that reliable. Won't work well with poor timing systems like, say, Windows PC. Potential throughput overhead.  Question: What are the other possible techniques/solutions exist to address the problem? Can you point to the cons in the above list which can be easily worked around, thus removing them? How do you (or would you) design your systems protocol? Substitute fresh garlic instead of garlic powder? I have a recipe that calls for garlic powder, but I only have fresh garlic on hand.   What ratio should I use to substitute? Chrome phishing warning on main I just got a Chrome phishing warning on main for   Is it just me, Chrome screwing things up or do you people have work to do?  The message in English:     Known phishing site detected.   Google Chrome has denied the access to stackoverflow.com. This site is reported as phishing site.      Phishing sites are designed to mislead you, so that you disclose your login credentials, password or other personal data. These sites occur as sites which you probably trust.