Upgrade Ubuntu 7.04 to Ubuntu 14.10 on dual boot system using USB stick w/no network
How to replace an old version of Ubuntu with a newer one from USB/DVD?
Starting scheduled task by detecting connection of USB device Use Complete Induction of set theory to prove $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} + ... + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} > \sqrt{n}$. Proove by the Complete Induction for every $n\in \mathbb{N}, n \geq 1$ $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} + ... + \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} &gt; \sqrt{n}$$.  I know only the basis - $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}} \geq \sqrt{1}$.  But, I dont know how to do the change from the regular induction to the induction of Set theroy(Complete Induction). Is there any way to solve this problem using the diagonalization method? I know there's the proof that uses $\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N})$ = set of all finite subsets $\cup$ set of all infinite subsets, but I'm trying to solve it using the diagonalization method specifically. I was thinking that we can assume the two have the same cardinality and arrive at a contradiction, but I don't know how to get there. How can we show there has to be some infinite set in the set of all infinite subsets that cannot match 1-1 with a natural number? Implementing INotifyPropertyChanged - does a better way exist? How to change the light grey text that many web sites seem to use these days? Of late, I've noticed that many web sites seem to be using light grey text for many sections of their sites. Some such sections include - the text (link, usually) that shows in the status bar at the bottom of the browser when you hover the mouse over a link on their page, the indicator text in form fields to be filled in (e.g. the word "email" in the email address field), and many other elements on the page.  That light grey makes it much less readable.    Not sure whether is a new trend, or something to do with my browser settings (I haven't changed them lately, AFAIK), or Google Chrome, which is my browser. This is on Windows 7 running on a Dell Vostro laptop. I added the info about the laptop because I suspect the problem may even be due to my hardware settings, since I found the default brightness to be too high after I bought it, and changed it via Control Panel.  Would like to know what are some of the things I can check or change to solve this.  Thanks. For the recently reported production (January 2017) of metallic hydrogen in the laboratory - what is the evidence exactly? My google news page has burst forth the news that metallic hydrogen has been produced in a laboratory using a diamond anvil cell. Only  mentions (at this particular moment) that it has been called into question at - at least - premature. That can be read about in Nature:   Here I only want to ask about the evidence. Is it only the sudden change in visual appearance change as recorded in a camera on top of the microscope, at a specific temperature and pressure? That it "looks shiny?" Or is there actually more direct data than that?  note: I am not asking if the data is sufficient or not, nor if it is convincing, or metallic or not. Just a narrowly defined question about the extent of the observations that have lead to the proposal that a metallic state was achieved.     above: potentially three states of hydrogen as viewed in a diamond anvil cell, from . Colored borders around windows after update After some gorgeous updates I witness this: How can I say this? Finding $\int_0^{\infty}xe^{-\lambda x} \, dx$ How to integrate:  $$\int_0^\infty x \, \lambda e^{-\lambda x} \, dx$$    I tried using integration by parts:  Let $u = x$ and $dv = \lambda e^{-\lambda x} \, dx$  Then $du = dx$  And $v = - \lambda e ^{-\lambda x}$  Correct so far?   Then   $$\begin{aligned} uv - \int v \, du &amp;= -\lambda x e^{-\lambda x} - \int (- \lambda e^{- \lambda x}) dx \\ &amp;= -\lambda x e^{-\lambda x} - \lambda e^{-\lambda x} \end{aligned}$$    The correct answer from lecture notes      UPDATE 2  Let $u=\lambda x$ and $dv = e^{-\lambda x} dx$  Then $du = \lambda \, dx$  $$dv = e^{-\lambda x} \, dx$$  Let $y = -\lambda x$  Then $dy = -\lambda \, dx$  So $dx = -\frac{1}{\lambda} dy$  $$\begin{aligned} v &amp;= \int e^u \cdot - \frac{1}{\lambda} du \\ &amp;= - \frac{1}{\lambda} e^{-\lambda x} \end{aligned}$$  But here I seem to have an extra $- \frac{1}{\lambda}$ in $v$?  If I continue using integration by parts, I get:   $$-x e^{-\lambda x} + \color{red}{\frac{1}{\lambda}} \int e^{-\lambda x} \, dx$$ Proof using Cauchy Integral Theorem Trying to make aliases that open the last modified file One thing that I frequently do is edit the most recently modified files, so instead of typing "ls -lr" and then "vim lastfile", I thought I would make some shortcuts in my ~/.bash_profile file:  alias via="vim `ls -rt | tail -1`" alias vib="vim `ls -rt | tail -2 | head -1`" alias vic="vim `ls -rt | tail -3 | head -1`" alias vid="vim `ls -rt | tail -4 | head -1`" alias vie="vim `ls -rt | tail -5 | head -1`"   The problem is that, weirdly enough, these commands don't work.  They open some file that isn't one of the last, or even a file was deleted from the current directory (I wonder if there's some kind of file cache updating issue in the directory.  This occurs on both my local machine and the cluster I work on).  However, if I type vim `ls -rt | tail -1` directly, without using the alias, it works every time. Test the convergence of the series For $a&gt;0$, test the convergence of the infinite series: $$\sum a^{\ln(n)}$$ Which test should be better to use here? I tried the D'Alembert's ratio test. $$\lim_{n\to \infty} {\frac{a^{\ln(n)}}{a^{\ln(n+1)}}}= \lim_{n\to \infty}a^{ln{\frac{n}{n+1}}}=a^0=1$$ So the test failed.  UPDATE: I observed that $${a^{\ln(n)}}=e^{{\ln(a)}{\ln(n)}}={n^{\ln(a)}}={{1\over n^{ln({1\over a})}} }$$Further by test of auxiliary series $$\sum \frac{1}{n^p}$$ we know that criterion for convergence is $p&gt;1$. Here $p=ln({1\over a})$.Hence the series will be convergent when $ln(a)&lt;-1$ i.e. when $0&lt;a&lt;1/e$, since $a&gt;0$ is already given.Finally this solved my question. What is the difference between a neural network and a deep neural network, and why do the deep ones work better? I haven't seen the question stated precisely in these terms, and this is why I make a new question.  What I am interested in knowing is not the definition of a neural network, but understanding the actual difference with a deep neural network.  For more context: I know what a neural network is and how backpropagation works. I know that a DNN must have multiple hidden layers. However, 10 years ago in class I learned that having several layers or one layer (not counting the input and output layers) was equivalent in terms of the functions a neural network is able to represent (see Cybenko's ), and that having more layers made it more complex to analyse without gain in performance. Obviously, that is not the case anymore.  I suppose, maybe wrongly, that the differences are in terms of training algorithm and properties rather than structure, and therefore I would really appreciate if the answer could underline the reasons that made the move to DNN possible (e.g. mathematical proof or randomly playing with networks?) and desirable (e.g. speed of convergence?) Python does not find packages installed without Anaconda Title says it all I looked for a proof on this site but couldn't find one.  Prove if $f$ is analytic on $D$ and $g$ is analytic on $\Omega$ containing the range of $f$ show $g(f(z))$ is analytic.  The statement seems obvious but I can't seem to be able to prove it. Who took care of Naruto when he was young? In episode 350, we see that the Third Hokage took on to take care of Naruto. But towards the beginning of the anime Naruto is seen to be living alone.   Did Naruto live with the Third? If so, why did he leave there? I'm sorry if this question goes against the meta for posting questions - I attached all the "beware, this is a soft-question" tags I could.  This is a question I've been asking myself now for some time. In most areas, there's a "cut off age" to be good at something. For example, you're not going to make the NHL if you start playing hockey at 20. It just won't happen.  So my question then, how late is too late to start studying math and make a career out of it? By "start studying math" I mean, to really try to understand and comprehend the material (as opposed to just being able to do well in a formal, intuitional environment).   I don't mean this from a "do what you love, its not too late" motivational perspective. I mean this from a purely biological perspective; at approximately what age has your brain's capacity to learn effectively and be influenced by your learning stop? When does the biological clock for learning new math run out?  My reasoning for asking this question is (for those who care): I love math. Really I do. But , having spent the first 21 years of my life in sports/video games/obtaining a degree in a scientific field which I care nothing of/etc, despite all my best attempts at trying to learn math, am I just too late starting to ever actually be good enough at it to make it a career? I've almost completed my second degree (in Math), but find that in many cases, despite how I look at a problem, I lack the intuition to comprehend it. I'm going to single him out (sorry), only as an example, but Qiaochu Yuan is my age.   Note 1: If this question isn't a suitable post, I won't be offended at all if you vote to close - I know this question borders what's acceptable to ask.  Note 2: Thanks to everyone for reading and taking the time for the great responses. Really appreciate it! I do not understand much about mine bitcoins, but I downloaded a program that is like a wallet, but I want to know how I do to mine. Has a calling GUIminder but is for windows, someone knows one that is for ubuntu? How do I parse command line arguments in Java? What is a good way of parsing command line arguments in Java? Using SQLite3 with Python 2.5, I'm trying to iterate through a list and pull the weight of an item from the database based on the item's name.  I tried using the "?" parameter substitution suggested to prevent SQL injections but it doesn't work. For example, when I use:  for item in self.inventory_names:     self.cursor.execute("SELECT weight FROM Equipment WHERE name = ?", item)     self.cursor.close()   I get the error:     sqlite3.ProgrammingError: Incorrect number of bindings supplied. The current statement uses 1, and there are 8 supplied.   I believe this is somehow caused by the initial creation of the database; the module I made that actually creates the DB does have 8 bindings.  cursor.execute("""CREATE TABLE Equipment      (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,      name TEXT,     price INTEGER,      weight REAL,      info TEXT,      ammo_cap INTEGER,      availability_west TEXT,     availability_east TEXT)""")   However, when I use the less-secure "%s" substitution for each item name, it works just fine. Like so:  for item in self.inventory_names:     self.cursor.execute("SELECT weight FROM Equipment WHERE name = '%s'" % item)     self.cursor.close()   I can't figure out why it thinks I have 8 bindins when I'm only calling one. How can I fix it?