In academic papers, 'We evaluated X' vs. 'X is evaluated'
Proper use of passive and active voices?
If dark matter only interacts with gravity, why doesn't it all clump together in a single point? I'm a complete layperson. As I understand, dark matter theoretically only interacts with the gravitational force, and doesn't interact with the other three fundamental forces: weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force, and electromagnetism.  Those are my understandings going in. If I'm wrong, please correct me. I've done some googling, and I haven't found anything confirming or denying that dark matter is affected by either of the fundamental nuclear forces.  So since dark matter only interacts with gravity, what causes any dark matter particle to be repelled from another? If they can pass freely through each other, and they are gravitationaly attracted to each other, why don't such particles clump together in a single 'point' in space?   It seems to me that particles occupying a single 'space' are philosophically not distinct particles, but I don't know how actual physics would play into this.  Edit , author's credentials unknown, but implicitly claims to be a physicist or astronomer, says "...[P]hysicists generally take all dark matter to be composed of a single type of particle that essentially interacts only through gravity."  Edit 2 The author is this , "Professor of Science on the physics faculty of Harvard University." What are metaclasses in Python? How to avoid becoming stressed while playing endurance games? Although I am asking for Super Hexagon, I've noticed there is a multitude of games (rhythm games in particular) where the more stressed I am, the worse I play and/or are more likely to make a mistake. Often then the games are designed in such a way to induce stress, such as various ways of telling me how far I am, which also is telling me just how much it would suck if I were to fail right now.  This leads to a stress cycle, where I am noticing I am stressed, and I am aware of this being a bad thing, which makes me more stressed, over and around until I eventually fail.  This often means that I probably could've done &lt;some new level I just unlocked&gt; just fine, except I saw that it was new, got stressed about it and started the stress cycle.  So how can I:   Avoid getting stressed while playing Defuse the stress cycle once it has inevitably started   One thought I had for this is simply taking deep breaths, but particularly in Super Hexagon, there is no way to pause and taking deep breaths is distracting enough to make me fail. Is there a way to determine the respective canonical status of Tolkien's Middle-earth related works? It is almost always difficult to determine the canonicity (if that's a word) of different works within a fictional universe, but the problems are even more complicated in regards to Tolkien's Middle-earth/Arda related material.  It is safe to say that LotR, the second edition of The Hobbit, and probably the published Silmarillion are canon.  But even the published Silmarillion is, in large part, the work of Christopher Tolkien, although to a lesser degree than it is the work of his more famous father.    When we look at the rest of the corpus, things become even more opaque.  Unfinished Tales contains different versions of the same stories.  The same is true, in even greater degree, of The History of Middle-earth.  These volumes might be considered an almost equal endeavor on the parts of Christopher and J.R.R Tolkien.    Is there a tentative canon of Tolkien's Middle-earth related works, and if not, is it possible to create one?    With such a large body of work, of varying degrees of canonicity, it would be very helpful to have something like the now-outdated levels of canon associated with the Star Wars universe, ranked by a series of letters.  Has anyone put together such a system for Tolkien's Middle-earth related works? How exactly does Knuth's Up-Arrow notation work? I've done some research, and found this on Wikipedia. \begin{matrix}a\uparrow b=a^{b}=&amp;\underbrace {a\times a\times \dots \times a} \\&amp;b{\mbox{ copies of }}a\end{matrix} \begin{matrix}a\uparrow \uparrow b&amp;={\ ^{b}a}=&amp;\underbrace {a^{a^{{}^{.\,^{.\,^{.\,^{a}}}}}}} &amp;=&amp;\underbrace {a\uparrow (a\uparrow (\dots \uparrow a))} \\&amp;&amp;b{\mbox{ copies of }}a&amp;&amp;b{\mbox{ copies of }}a\end{matrix} I'm still a bit confused on this topic. I've done a lot of research, but I can't seem to understand this. Could somebody explain this in an understandable way? From what I can gather, for example 2↑↑3 would be 2^2^2 = 16? Then 2↑↑↑3 would be 2^2^2^2 = 256? Am I correct, or have I mis-interpreted this? What do the numbers in a man page mean? When editing a question on , I observed that a link which was not rendered in the post was hyperlinked in the edit preview (see pictures below). I tried reproducing it in the  to see if this also happens when the post is posted for the first time and observed the same. It seems to be a bug after the shift to CommonMark, leading to the different rendering of links on client and server-side. A link following a special character (without any space) is not hyperlinked in the post but is hyperlinked in the preview. A link separated from the special character with a white space appears to have no such problem. (see pictures below and my ). Link not hyperlinked in post  Same link hyperlinked in preview Show that $\phi(n)=\frac{n}{2}$ if and only if $n=2^k$ for some positive integer k. I think I have it figured and would like to see if I am on the right track. Thank you. How do you join on the same table, twice, in mysql? I have 2 tables. One (domains) has domain ids, and domain names (dom_id, dom_url).  the other contains actual data, 2 of which columns require a TO and FROM domain names. So I have 2 columns rev_dom_from and rev_dom_for, both of which store the domain name id, from the domains table.  Simple.  Now I need to actually display both domain names on the webpage. I know how to display one or the other, via the LEFT JOIN domains ON reviews.rev_dom_for = domains.dom_url query, and then you echo out the dom_url, which would echo out the domain name in the rev_dom_for column.  But how would I make it echo out the 2nd domain name, in the dom_rev_from column? Which is the correct use of these two words, and in which context should one be used rather than the other? Upgrade SQL Server database Using Compatibility Level I've made a backup of a SQL Server database running on SQL Server 2008. I've restored that backup into a SQL Server 2012 instance. I've set the compatibility level on the restored instance to SQL Server 2012 (110).   What does this do to the database?   Does it, for example,    cause stored procedures to be examined for incompatibilities cause any updates to all of the data pages in the database Cause updates to to datapages as the are accessed in the future Cause errors in the future if stored procedures or views are executed that use incompatible syntax   Where in books on line, or else where, can I find more detail? How do I bypass restrictions on the length of the PATH variable As an example, consider the two sentences:     There don't seem to be any doctors here.   and     There doesn't seem to be any doctors here.   To my ear, the first sounds great, and the second is painfully awkward.  So which is correct, grammatically? I've found lots of disagreement on this around the Web, with various sources citing different ways of treating the word "any" (as singular, always, or as either depending on to what it refers). No consensus, however, could I locate. This question was , but I think that the only answer didn't quite understand the question so I thought I'd try again. I'm writing a paper in which I need to have references show up in two places:  a special list of &quot;key references&quot; in its own section, and a bibliography containing the rest of the references that were cited in the text. I thought that bibentry would do it, so the document looks something like: \documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage{natbib} \usepackage{bibentry} \nobibliography*  \begin{document}  \section{Amazing idea}  Chicken chicken chicken \citep{chicken:2010fj}.  Chicken chicken, chicken \citep{turkey:2010jk}.  \section{Key References}  \begin{enumerate} \item \bibentry{lemur:2009ii} \item \bibentry{gibbon:2011jk} \end{enumerate}  \bibliographystyle{apalike} \bibliography{amazing.bib} \end{document}  Unfortunately, this doesn't quite do it, as the resulting document presents the lemur and gibbon bibentry references correctly in the &quot;Key References&quot; section, but also prints them in the bibliography at the end of the document.  Ideally, the only entries in the bibliography would be the chicken and turkey \citep references.  I'd like it to look like:  Key references  Lemur, L. (2009). Lemur, 12(4):1-7. Gibbon, G. (2011). Gibbon, 135:1002-1009.  References Chicken, C. (2010). Chicken. Chicken Press, Coop. Turkey, T. (2010). Turkey, 7(4):E231.  What it actually looks like:  Key references  Lemur, L. (2009). Lemur, 12(4):1-7. Gibbon, G. (2011). Gibbon, 135:1002-1009.  References Chicken, C. (2010). Chicken. Chicken Press, Coop. Gibbon, G. (2011). Gibbon, 135:1002-1009. Lemur, L. (2009). Lemur, 12(4):1-7. Turkey, T. (2010). Turkey, 7(4):E231.  Is there any way to achieve this with the current method, or is there some other (possibly easier!?) way to do this? public static map&lt;id,RecordType&gt; MapRecordtype = new Map&lt;id,RecordType&gt;([SELECT id, DeveloperName FROM RecordType where sobjecttype ='move__c' and                                         Developername in('Assignment','Draft','Domestic_Draft','LTST_Draft','MX_Domestic','MX_Domestic_draft','Termination','International_Relo','Localization','J1',                                        'Back_To_Back','Repatriation','PAM','US_Domestic_Relo','CHN_Domestic_Relo','CHN_Domestic_Draft')])   Can we write schema for above query? The use of the Axiom of Choice in this proof of the sequence lemma How to generate all permutations of a list? Is there a possibility of using REST Assured library for testing SOAP webservices? I have a bunch of Test Suites in SOAP UI and I need to check if there is possibility of using REST Assured. Can anyone suggest if this is possible? Many thanks for any comments. When is JavaScript's eval() not evil? I'm writing some JavaScript code to parse user-entered functions (for spreadsheet-like functionality). Having parsed the formula I could convert it into JavaScript and run eval() on it to yield the result.  However, I've always shied away from using eval() if I can avoid it because it's evil (and, rightly or wrongly, I've always thought it is even more evil in JavaScript, because the code to be evaluated might be changed by the user).  So, when it is OK to use it? I asked a question that has been marked as a duplicate. I read a lot of similar questions and explanations in advance but I couldn't find a solution. In the question that should answer my question the asker used a different (not working) approach. There is even an answer that would work for my case however I'd rather consider it as a workaround than a solution since I have seen examples using my approach.  So I would like your opinion in that case. Would it be ok to repost my question while explaining why other answers didn't help me? I edited my question but I think it's not getting any attention anymore. Naturally I will remove the old question.