How can I make one python file run another?
What is the best way to call a script from another script?
What are the differences between Generics in C# and Java... and Templates in C++? I mostly use Java and generics are relatively new. I keep reading that Java made the wrong decision or that .NET has better implementations etc. etc.  So, what are the main differences between C++, C#, Java in generics? Pros/cons of each? Clipping raster with mask in QGIS gives AAIGrid error? Will doing timelapses break my camera? I was planning to do some timelapses in the near future, until I realised that if I leave my camera taking pictures for a week or 2, I will soon reach the max number of shutter count and my camera would break.   Then I read from an unverified source that during timelapse the shutter doesn't move, so there is no way to break it. I am confused.   Is it possible to take timelapses without physically destroying the shutter in a month? In particular, I am interested in Canon 80D model. Why are Icon Overlays (from 3rdParty-Apps) not showing up in the Win8 Explorer? I just wanted to make some input where I press a key and the auto-repeat function engages so I don't have to press the 0 key many times to make a long number.  10000000000000000000000000000  This has always worked without fail in the past, but it's not something I do often and I'm not sure where to look next to figure out what might be preventing this.     I've toggled the sliders to change the delay for key repeat, but the only thing I can hang my hat on is that perhaps Lion disables this with the new feature where you hold down some keys (like the vowels, but also some consonants) to get alternate accented characters.  s turns into ß or ś or š and so on....  Am I missing an obvious setting, or is this something that has moved to a hidden setting or is simply a bug that these controls are still around since key repeat is now deprecated?  Comments welcome if anyone doesn't have an answer, but can provide specifics where this does work for them. I've checked two Macs so I'm guessing it's not related to keyboard type or connection method. Distribution of number of Bernoulli trials to a given number of successes I'm having some issues SSH'ing to a server when logged into a particular VM.  From my local PC, I can log in to the server just fine using the command ssh -i .ssh/[my private key] username@domain.  If I then SSH into another unrelated server which also has the same private key and run the above command it will also log in just fine in to the server.  But, when I SSH into a particular OpenStack VM (again has the same private key) on the unrelated server and then SSH in to the server from there I start getting prompted for a passphrase. But a passphrase hasn't been set for the key so inevitably I get a "Permission denied (publickey)." error.  To double check, I removed the private key from the VM and scp'd the private key from my PC into it again and tried the same command I still get prompted for a passphrase.  In other words:   PC - SSH - Server1 = Works fine  PC - SSH - Server2 - SSH - Server1 =     Works fine  PC - SSH - Server2 - SSH - Virtual Machine - SSH - Server 1 =         Asks for a passphrase   What could be the reason behind this? It's definitely the right private key I'm using and it has the appropriate permissions.  Edit - Output of ssh -v -i .ssh/[my private key] username@domain as requested  OpenSSH_7.4p1, OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 58: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx [xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /.ssh/[my private key].ppk type -1 debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory debug1: identity file /.ssh/[my private key].ppk-cert type -1 debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000 debug1: Authenticating to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:22 as '[my username]' debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 debug1: kex: server-&gt;client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: &lt;implicit&gt; compression: none debug1: kex: client-&gt;server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: &lt;implicit&gt; compression: none debug1: kex: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org need=64 dh_need=64 debug1: kex: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org need=64 dh_need=64 debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:ZiugTjR5fM0E3evOwHoePFKspDQChA0Ab6L0q88KP/g debug1: Host 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/centos/.ssh/known_hosts:2 debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=&lt;rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512&gt; debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /.ssh/[my private key].ppk Enter passphrase for key '/.ssh/[my private key].ppk': Enter passphrase for key '/.ssh/[my private key].ppk': Enter passphrase for key '/.ssh/[my private key].ppk': debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). Quick question: what is the compiler flag to allow g++ to spawn multiple instances of itself in order to compile large projects quicker (for example 4 source files at a time for a multi-core CPU)? How to pass Unicode characters as JSP/Servlet request.getParameter? How would I implement the quantum oracle in Deutsch's algorithm? What is the Total Reputation field on Area51? What does the total reputation field on Area51 represent?  It's obviously not the total of the user's reputation on the various sites, as that is the number listed as user reputation. Solve $u_t=u_{xx}+u_x$ Boy and girl paradox is driving me crazy My laptop running Windows 7 Ultimate (non OEM) died on me today and it has tonnes of stuff on it - my projects, Visual Studio and office installations, etc. etc.  I am getting a new laptop from somewhere and was wondering if I could just unplug the hard disk from my original (dead) machine and plug it into the new one.  I remember trying this once with Windows Xp (on a desktop) and the OS crashed on boot and I had to reinstall everything again.  I have read about  but by the looks of it, it can be used only when the host computer is alive and kicking -- which mine isn't.  My old laptop was a Compaq Pressario v3000 (3 years old) on an AMD and the new one is going to be a new dual core Intel HP laptop.  Any ideas?  Thanks! Method for determining irreducibles and factorising in $\mathbb Z[\sqrt{d}]$ I know that $\mathbb Z[\sqrt{7}]$ is a UFD, and I can write the equation $(2 + \sqrt{7})(3 - 2\sqrt{7}) = (5 - 2\sqrt{7})(18 + 7\sqrt{7}) $. So clearly these are not all irreducibles. How do I determine which of these aren't irreducible? How do I factor those into irreducibles?  It seems difficult when dealing with $\mathbb Z [\sqrt{d}] $ with $d$ positive, since the norm map isn't as nice (it's not always positive).  Thanks Proof that the real numbers are countable: Help with why this is wrong I was just thinking about this recently, and I thought of a possible bijection between the natural numbers and the real numbers.  First, take the numbers between zero and one, exclusive.  The following sequence of real numbers is suggested so that we have bijection.    0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.01, 0.02, ... , 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, ... , 0.99, 0.001, 0.002, ... , 0.999, 0.0001, etc.  Obviously, this includes repeats, but this set is countable.  Therefore, the set of all numbers between zero and one is a subset of the above countable set, and is thus countable.  Then we simply extend this to all real numbers and all the whole numbers themselves, and since the real numbers, as demonstrated above, between any two whole numbers is countable, the real numbers are the union of countably many countable sets, and thus the real numbers are countable.    Please help me with this.  I understand the diagonalization argument by Cantor, but I am curious specifically about this proof which I thought of and its strengths and flaws.  Thanks. Where is the New Oxford American Dictionary stored? This is a follow-up to : ulimit and cgroups are not user friendly, and besides, wouldn't work with applications that spawn separate processes, such as Chrome/Chromium for each new (group of) tabs.  The simple and effective solution, used by Windows 7 actually, is to warn the user that the OS is running low on memory. This simple warning pop-up has prevented me from having any low-memory-caused system freeze in Windows, while I kept running into them on Ubuntu distros that I was testing live (where the RAM-mounted disk would eat up 2GB alone).  So, is there some way to automatically warn the user that the available RAM is nearing zero, without the user having to keep an eye on some memory monitoring gadget? Surely  could be configured to do that? Permission denied to change gid(group) of a file I own It appears I still miss some things about the way permissions work. I am on a debian 7 system btw. just now I have this file of which I downloaded and it belongs to myuser:myuser, that is both user and group are set to me. It also resides in my $HOME directory since that is where I downloaded it to.  So far so good. Now I want to share this file with some other users of the pc and for that I want to switch the group ownership of the file to group "users". however that fails:  nass@quarx:~/xmas_carol$ chgrp -R users *  chgrp: changing group of movie.mov': Operation not permitted   And the contents of the folder are:  -rwxr-xr-x 1 nass nass 2482411461 Feb  6 03:57 movie.mov   I am fuzzy about what is going on with the permissions. Can someone explain Why do airplanes experience negligible Coriolis force while bullets experience the Coriolis force in long range shooting, even though the mass of airplane is much bigger than a bullet?