How is bias added in a convolutional layer
Should the bias value be added after convolution operation in CNNs?
Why can the row-reduced echelon matrix $R$ only be identity matrix? I'm reading Linear Algebra by Hoffman, Kunze where the authors explained that a $n\times n$ matrix $A$ being invertible is equivalent to the fact that $A$ is row-equivalent to $n\times n$ matrix $R$ which is an identity matrix.  In the proof of the theorem, they wrote:     $$R= E_k\ldots E_2E_1 A$$ where $E_1,\ldots,E_k$ are elementary matrices. Each $E_j$ is invertible, and so $$A = E_1^{-1}\ldots E_k^{-1}~R\,. $$  ... Since, $R$ is a (square) row-reduced echelon matrix, $R$ is invertible if and only if $R=I\,.$  [...]   I couldn't get the conclusion, since any row of $R$ can't be zero, it has to be identity matrix $I\,.$ Why is it so?  Isn't there any other row-reduced echelon matrix other than the identity matrix having no zero row and invertible? Why is it so? Voltage Controlled Current Source integrated circuit? Exists? Does anyone know of a Voltage Controlled Current Source IC? Or do you know how I can build one with as few other components as possible taking up a minimal amount of space?  current range needed is from 0mA to 350mA How do I withdraw a paper from a journal after it was accepted but before it was fully published? On the advice of a senior colleague, I decided that I do not want to publish the paper anymore and with that journal. I wrote the editor several times; he has received the emails, but refuses to reply. I know he gets the emails because if its on other matters he has replied but not on the paper. I am ready to forfeit the processing fee I gave them but they refuse to reply and have already published the abstract of the paper to their site but not the full paper. Is legal action an option and do I have the right to sue? What are the guidelines in matters like these? es.SO questions aren't excluded from the Hot Questions list As figured out in  localized SE sites must not be displayed in the HNQ's. But  actually is.        Has to be fixed I guess? If someone else is booking international ticket for me using his credit or debit card, does he need to be present physically at the time of check-in?   Suppose I am coming back from Singapore to my home country and my ticket is booked by my friend for me, who lives in my home country. Do airlines in Singapore ask for the person to be present physically to check in? Which wire is negative on this PC fan? I just got this PC fan and it has a 3 pin connector, I know the wire with the white stripe is positive but how can I find out which of the other two wires are negative?  If you can't see the photo, here is a link to it: If $H\leq G$ and $[G:H]=2$, then $H$ is normal in $G$. Show $$\frac{(2n)!}{n!\cdot 2^n}$$ is an integer for $n$ greater than or equal to $0$.   Could anyone please help me with this proving? Thanks! A specified Include path is not valid. The EntityType does not declare a navigation property with the name * Nautilus bookmarks are missing since upgrade to 13.04 My bookmarks are not shown anymore after upgrading to 13.04 Raring ringtails and I can't add any new bookmarks. The function is not shown and the shortcut Ctrl+D isn't working either. Is this functionality just gone for some reason (as the split screen with F3) or is there something wrong with my upgrade?  Thanks for any hints. My last name is not the same on ticket as on passport; rest of details are same I'm traveling from JED Saudi Arabia to Singapore by Saudi airlines. My last name doesn't match the passport. But all other details are same, e.g. passport no., DOB, etc. When am I entitled to participate in a stock split? — record date, split date, ex date Stock split announcements usually mention a few dates — record date (&quot;date of record&quot;), split date (&quot;distribution date&quot;, &quot;pay date&quot;, or &quot;payment date&quot;), ex date (&quot;ex-split date&quot;). Examples:  :  Each Apple shareholder of record at the close of business on August 24, 2020 will receive three additional shares for every share held on the record date, and trading will begin on a split-adjusted basis on August 31, 2020.   :  Each stockholder of record on August 21, 2020 will receive a dividend of four additional shares of common stock for each then-held share, to be distributed after close of trading on August 28, 2020. Trading will begin on a stock split-adjusted basis on August 31, 2020.    In the case of the Tesla split, the record date is August 21, the split date is August 28 (Friday), and the ex date is August 31 (Monday). Apple's  provides definitions of these dates:  What is the effective date of the split? There are several key dates. The Record Date – August 24, 2020 - determines which shareholders are entitled to receive additional shares due to the split. The Split Date – August 28, 2020 - shareholders are due split shares after the close of business on this date. The Ex Date – August 31, 2020 - the date determined by Nasdaq when Apple common shares will trade at the new split-adjusted price.  However, further down in the FAQ, there is an explanation that seems to contradict the definition of the record date given above:  What happens if I buy or sell shares on or after the Record Date and before the Ex Date? [...] If you buy shares on or after the Record Date but before the Ex Date, you will purchase the shares at the pre-split price and will receive (or your brokerage account will be credited with) the shares purchased. Following the split, you will receive (or your brokerage account will be credited with) the additional shares resulting from the stock split.  Judging by the Apple FAQ, the way the record date works for stock splits is completely different from the way the record date works for cash dividends. With cash dividends, people who become shareholders of record after the record date are not entitled to the dividends. With stock splits, however, people who purchase shares after the record date (but before the ex date) are entitled to the stock split. Furthermore, for stock splits, the record date comes before the ex date, whereas for cash dividends, the record date comes after the ex date. It appears that I am not the only one confused about this. A quick internet search reveals years and years of confusion regarding the record date for stock splits. An extremely common point of confusion is the apparently incorrect assumption that the record date for stock splits works in the same way as the record date for cash dividends. A few questions:  Am I right that the record date for stock splits works differently from the record date of cash dividends? The only relevant dates for a stock split seem to be the split date (on which I will receive new shares after the market closes), and the ex date (on which I can sell the new shares on stock exchanges at a post-split price). It seems that the record date is completely irrelevant. What is the record date for? From my understanding, the price of the stock will be reduced at the instant the new shares are distributed (on the split date). Is this correct? There does not exist group $G$ such that Aut$(G)\cong \mathbb{Z}_n$ (for odd $n$) If a derivative of a continuous function has a limit, must it agree with that limit? Remap Caps Lock to Ctrl-b So I can start from len(collection) and end in collection[0].  I also want to be able to access the loop index. Probability density and distribution function I am new to probability course and find concepts very confusing. I am learning maximum likelihood estimation and as a starting point for that do we find the density or the distribution?   In general, do we find the distribution from density or is it vice versa and how does one find it? For example, for Gaussian distribution do we find the density of a variable or the distribution so as to estimate unknown parameter A in the case x[n] = A + w[n] where w[n] are uncorrelated gaussian noise. This may sound too trivial but I am really confused. In many contexts I have come across where pdf = prob. density function and in some areas I find pdf = prob distribution function !! Suppose we have functions $f:A→B$ and $g:B→C$. Prove that if $f$ and $g$ are invertible, then so is $g \circ f$. Suppose we have functions $f:A→B$ and $g:B→C$. Prove that if $f$ and $g$ are invertible, then so is $g \circ f$. Is the converse true? I.e., if $g \circ f$ is invertible, does it follow that $f$ and $g$ are both invertible?  I know that if $f$ and $g$ are invertible, then they are both injective and surjective. Therefore, I assume from this that I have to show $g \circ f$ is injective and surjective as well, thus proving it is invertible. However, I don't know how to show $g \circ f$ is bijective based only on the information I have. Trying to remember a book that had people (I think they turned white?) segregated into a compound How to create a custom Windows 7 ISO file