The likelihood function: Why is it no pdf?
What is the difference between "likelihood" and "probability"?
Why use the Conjure Minor Elemental spell when its results are so unpredictable? The  spell states:  You summon elementals that appear in unoccupied spaces that you can see within range. You choose one the following options for what appears:  One elemental of challenge rating 2 or lower Two elementals of challenge rating 1 or lower Four elementals of challenge rating 1/2 or lower Eight elementals of challenge rating 1/4 or lower.   It seems like the only two things a player can select are the maximum CR of the elemental conjured, and, arguably, the location its summoned in. I am confused as to why you would want to use this spell given that its results are so unpredictable. Why would a wizard cast a spell that's essentially an open invitation to whatever elemental from a list decides to show up? You can't strategize around the spell very much because, as written, you don't choose what gets summoned, and you can easily end up with something you weren't counting on. It won't be useless, but why would you cast a spell that has such an unpredictable result? It's like the difference between the chromatic orb and chaotic bolt - if the chaotic bolt didnt have the chance to bounce. You'd never pick a random damage type over a damage type of choice. Why would you choose a spell that might do something you want over something that does exactly what you intend it to do? What are the situations in which you would use this spell that wouldn't be better solved by a spell of equal or lower level that has more predictable results? What methods of ‘clearfix’ can I use? I would like to have my whole document showing a blank line (or space) between paragraphs and no indentation. I know how to do it line by line, but is there a way to change that with just one or a few lines at the beginning of the document? Like a package you can install, or a new command? WPF textblock binding with List does anyone know if there is a simple way to bind a textblock to a List. What I've done so far is create a listview and bind it to the List and then I have a template within the listview that uses a single textblock.  what I'd really like to do is just bind the List to a textblock and have it display all the lines.  In Winforms there was a "Lines" property that I could just throw the List into, but I'm not seeing it on the WPF textblock, or TextBox.  Any ideas?  did I miss something simple?  Here's the code  &lt;UserControl x:Class="QSTClient.Infrastructure.Library.Views.WorkItemLogView" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"          Width="500" Height="400"&gt; &lt;StackPanel&gt;     &lt;ListView ItemsSource="{Binding Path=Logs}" &gt;         &lt;ListView.View&gt;             &lt;GridView&gt;                 &lt;GridViewColumn Header="Log Message"&gt;                     &lt;GridViewColumn.CellTemplate&gt;                         &lt;DataTemplate&gt;                             &lt;TextBlock Text="{Binding}"/&gt;                         &lt;/DataTemplate&gt;                     &lt;/GridViewColumn.CellTemplate&gt;                 &lt;/GridViewColumn&gt;             &lt;/GridView&gt;         &lt;/ListView.View&gt;     &lt;/ListView&gt; &lt;/StackPanel&gt;     and the WorkItem Class  public class WorkItem {     public string Name { get; set; }     public string Description { get; set; }     public string CurrentLog { get; private set; }     public string CurrentStatus { get; private set; }     public WorkItemStatus Status { get; set; }     public ThreadSafeObservableCollection&lt;string&gt; Logs{get;private set;}   I'm using Prism to create the control and put it into a WindowRegion          WorkItemLogView newView = container.Resolve&lt;WorkItemLogView&gt;();         newView.DataContext = workItem;         regionManager.Regions["ShellWindowRegion"].Add(newView);   thanks I have an AMD Radeon R7 M265, and when I force OPENCL with the batch file it only shows Iceland, Intel HD and the CPU.  I followed this instructions:   R, type CMD, press &#9166; Enter, go to your blender folder. ex:  cd C:\Program Files\Blender Foundation\Blender  Press &#9166; Enter and then type: set CYCLES_OPENCL_TEST=all Start Blender with blender.exe Inside blender go to File -> User preferences -> System Under compute device select OpenCL and then your card Close the preferences and go to the render panel and select device: GPU Compute.  I have the latest beta driver from AMD, but when I try to change the compute device it only shows this list:     Am I doing something wrong? Is my GPU is not supported? Or is it because it's in development and not every card is supported yet?  I've tried blender v2.74.5, v2.62, and v2.63. Every one gives the same list. Apache2 restart failed in Ubuntu 16.04 Can someone pgfplots the following picture concerning confidence intervals? I've been trying to use the following code to produce it, but have no idea how to shade in the tails I am interested in. By the way, the line pointing the (100-C/2)% can be an arrow, does not have to be squiggly as depicted in the picture.   \begin{tikzpicture}[ every pin edge/.style={&lt;-}, every pin/.style={fill=yellow!50,rectangle,rounded corners=3pt,font=\small}] \begin{axis}[every axis plot post/.append style={   mark=none,domain=-3:3,samples=50,smooth}, clip=false, axis y line=none, axis x line*=bottom, ymin=0, xtick=\empty, ] \addplot {\gauss{0}{0.5}}; \addplot {\gauss{0}{1}}; \node[pin=70:{$\hat{\theta}_1$}] at (axis cs:0.57,0.5) {}; \node[pin=270:{$E(\hat{\theta} = 0$}] at (axis cs:0,0) {}; \draw[dashed] (axis description cs:0.5,0) -- (axis description cs:0.5,0.92); \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture} Tried to install both Windows and Ubuntu, now neither will boot Best practice for typesetting quantifiers? When I work with quantifiers I noted that are very close to the other symbols and the result does not look good, for example  $\exists a\in\mathbb{R}\exists b\in\mathbb{R}\forall c\in\mathbb{R}\forall d\in\mathbb{R}$   Which is the proper form to write quantifiers? Let's say I am building a logistic regression model where the dependent variable is binary and can take the values $0$ or $1$. Let the independent variables be $x_1, x_2, ..., x_m$ - there are $m$ independent variables. Let's say for the $k$th independent variable, the bivariate analysis shows a U-shaped trend - i.e., if I group $x_k$ into $20$ bins each containing roughly equal number of observations and calculate the 'bad rate' for each bin - # observations where y = 0 / total observations in each bin - then I get a U shaped curve.  My questions are:   Can I directly use $x_k$ as input while estimating the beta parameters? Are any statistical assumptions violated which might cause significant error in estimating the parameters? Is it necessary to 'linearize' this variable through a transformation (log, square, product with itself, etc.)? How can I read input from the console using the Scanner class in Java? How do HttpOnly cookies work with AJAX requests? JavaScript needs access to cookies if AJAX is used on a site with access restrictions based on cookies. Will HttpOnly cookies work on an AJAX site?   Edit: Microsoft created a way to prevent XSS attacks by disallowing JavaScript access to cookies if HttpOnly is specified. FireFox later adopted this. So my question is: If you are using AJAX on a site, like StackOverflow, are Http-Only cookies an option?  Edit 2: Question 2. If the purpose of HttpOnly is to prevent JavaScript access to cookies, and you can still retrieve the cookies via JavaScript through the XmlHttpRequest Object, what is the point of HttpOnly?  Edit 3: Here is a quote from Wikipedia:     When the browser receives such a cookie, it is supposed to use it as usual in the following HTTP exchanges, but not to make it visible to client-side scripts.[32] The HttpOnly flag is not part of any standard, and is not implemented in all browsers. Note that there is currently no prevention of reading or writing the session cookie via a XMLHTTPRequest. [33].   I understand that document.cookie is blocked when you use HttpOnly. But it seems that you can still read cookie values in the XMLHttpRequest object, allowing for XSS. How does HttpOnly make you any safer than? By making cookies essentially read only?   In your example, I cannot write to your document.cookie, but I can still steal your cookie and post it to my domain using the XMLHttpRequest object.  &lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;     var req = null;     try { req = new XMLHttpRequest(); } catch(e) {}     if (!req) try { req = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e) {}     if (!req) try { req = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch(e) {}     req.open('GET', 'http://stackoverflow.com/', false);     req.send(null);     alert(req.getAllResponseHeaders()); &lt;/script&gt;   Edit 4: Sorry, I meant that you could send the XMLHttpRequest to the StackOverflow domain, and then save the result of getAllResponseHeaders() to a string, regex out the cookie, and then post that to an external domain. It appears that Wikipedia and ha.ckers concur with me on this one, but I would love be re-educated...  Final Edit: Ahh, apparently both sites are wrong, this is actually a . IE6 &amp; 7 are actually the only browsers that currently fully support HttpOnly.  To reiterate everything I've learned:   HttpOnly restricts all access to document.cookie in IE7 &amp; and FireFox (not sure about other browsers) HttpOnly removes cookie information from the response headers in XMLHttpObject.getAllResponseHeaders() in IE7. XMLHttpObjects may only be submitted to the domain they originated from, so there is no cross-domain posting of the cookies.   edit: This information is likely no longer up to date. Why are two universal objects isomorphic? Browsing some , it is claimed that two universal objects are isomorphic because they admit the identity morphism on themselves. But from two identity morphisms, how would you get an isomorphism between the two? Attributes from an hstore-column as separate columns in a view? Let's assume we have a table where it has two columns, one an ID and one an hstore column, which stores key/value pairs.  You could query that column as such:  SELECT name, attributes-&gt;'device' as device FROM products WHERE attributes-&gt;'edition'= 'ebook'   Can you create a view for this table where the keys/values appear as columns in the view instead of all in the hstore column?  Example: I have an hstore key where it might have the key of amenity.  I want to create a view showing the the ID and the amenity values in a new view. I want to search for what += means, but Google won't return any documents.  Also when I come across some PHP code I don't understand I can't search for the keywords as written.  How can I search for these special characters or include these special characters in a search. Which command controls the open file limits? Proof that $A_n$ the only subgroup of $ S_n$ index $2$. I have what seems to me a very simple proof that $A_{n}$ is the only subgroup of $S_{n}$ of index 2.  Since I've seen other people prove it with what feel like really complicated methods (), I'm wondering if I've overlooked something.  Proof: Let $H$ be any subgroup of index 2 in $S_{n}$.  Then $H\cap A_{n}$ is a normal subgroup of $A_{n}$ and since $A_{n}$ is simple, $H$ is either the trivial or the improper subgroup of $A_{n}$.  If it's the trivial subgroup it doesn't have index 2 in $S_{n}$, and otherwise the theorem is proved. Poisson Distribution of sum of two random independent variables $X$, $Y$ Are the rings $k[[t^3,t^4,t^5]]$ and $k[[t^4,t^5,t^6]]$ Gorenstein? (Matsumura, Exercise 18.8) Here is question 18.8 of Matsumura's Commutative Ring Theory. It asks whether the rings   $k[[t^3,t^4,t^5]]$, $k[[t^4,t^5,t^6]]$   are Gorenstein. I got that 1) is not Gorenstein, but 2) is Gorenstein (by computing the socle). Just wanted to check if I am correct. I don't need the answer necessarily, a yes or a no will suffice. Thanks. I have been around on Twitter for awhile and I regularly find people using "Please to retweet this" or "Please to help me", etc. Is this proper English? I do not think prefixing the infinitive form with a 'to' is necessary here at all.