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How can I remove malicious spyware, malware, adware, viruses, trojans or rootkits from my PC?
How to substantiate the claim that something is not known? I am writing a master's thesis (in Number Theory) and there are multiple places where I need to claim that something is not yet known. Since I am not an expert (and even if I were) I would like to reference some more authoritative source than myself or, say, Wikipedia.  For example, consider the following statement:     In 1980 Schmidt proved that [some property holds]. No other necessary or sufficient conditions are currently known, though.   For the first sentence I can cite Schmidt's original paper, but how can I substantiate the second claim? Why does String.split need pipe delimiter to be escaped? For which values does the Matrix system have a unique solution, infinitely many solutions and no solution? Given the system:  $$\begin{align}  &amp; x+3y-3z=4 \\   &amp; y+2z=a \\  &amp; 2x+5y+(a^2-9)z=9 \end{align}$$  For which values of a (if any) does the system have a unique solution, infinitely many solutions, and no solution?    So I am getting that it has: infinitely many solutions at: (-1)    No solution at (1)    Unique solution at (-1,1)    AM I RIGHT?? In  (ignoring Hawking radiation), why is a  black? Why nothing, not even light, can escape from inside a black hole? To make the question simpler, say, why is a  black hole black? Would a very small creature inside a sealed container carried by a character take damage from AOE spells? Assume character A is in the AOE of a damaging spell.  Character A is carrying a closed container inside his backpack, alongside several sheets of parchment.  Damaging spell description specifically states that items carried by a creature are not damaged even on a failed save. Unattended objects are damaged, though.  Inside said container there is a small creature. Creature has no problem living inside container for a long amount of time.  Does this creature take damage from the spell? If it does not, what mechanic prevents damage? Logistic Regression - Adding interactions makes Independent variable statistically insignificant My name is Abhi &amp; I am trying to better understand logistic regression by solving a few practice problem. I am using R and RStudio as the development environment  Problem Statement  Given the age, sex and class(first,second,third) for each passenger can you predict if he survived or died when the titanic sank   Attempt1  Simple Logistic Regression. Use age,sex and passenger class directly. The formula (in R)  Survived~Pclass+Sex+Age  This gives fairly decent results - accuracy of 79% and all of independent variables are statistically significant   Attempt2  Add interactions between age,sex and passenger class. Accuracy has improved to 80% but age is no longer significant. Also none of the new terms(age-sex,age-class,sex-class,age-sex-class) are statistically significant. The formula (in R) Survived~Pclass*Sex*Age   Can some one explain why this is happening? I can accept that the new terms may not be significant but why is age no longer significant?   Any help would be much appreciated In this  to a question about a series, a theorem was stated:     If $A= \{a_i \}$ is a set such that $\sum_{i = 1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{a_i}$ converges, then $d(A) = 0$, where $d(A)$ is the  of the set.   My background in number theory is basically zero and all my attempts to prove this have been utterly unseccessful; would anyone please help me, or at least provide me with a hint to prove it? Community isn't on ~15 sites! I was looking at the Community user's profile, and I noticed that there was about 15 sites missing in the "accounts" tab. There's a little over 120 sites on SE, and, there's about 15 sites missing from this count. Why is this happening?    Additionally, clicking on view more just shows one account, on Area51: Light fixture with a switch that has an outlet I hope this explains it better: in this room there is a switch with one set of wires and only the black one went through the hole in it, and another black one in the other hole, and is hooked to the outlet by being wrapped around the screw terminals. The ground is cut short and not grounded.  Now on to the outlet: the wire from the switch is connected to the top screw - but it's on the side that says "white".   There are two more sets of wires that connect to the outlet as follows:   the two black ones are on the the other screw terminal on the bottom (one on the "white" side)  the grounds are grounded to the screw terminal below that  the white ones are connected by the one from the switch to the bottom (black side), with one of the white ones from the other set on the screw terminal, and the one from the other cable is on the top screw terminal on the "white" side.   Now to the light: there are the black and white that come out of the box, and that is the set that has the ground cut short.  The original light fixture was a single 660w/250v rated socket.  The one my friend put up was a fixture with two 660w /250v sockets.  At the light only black and white connected, not ground... It worked then made noise and this is where I'm at.  When I wire test them, the black one from the switch and the white ones from either sets nothing...  but all the other ones light up.....! According to the microtype manual, Kerning, Spacing and Tracking are not enabled by default in pdftex (>= 1.4). What are the reasons for this? I am working on plugin to Drupal Commerce, and I started getting this error:   DatabaseTransactionOutOfOrderException: in DatabaseConnection-&gt;rollback() (line 1058 of /Library/WebServer/Documents/includes/database/database.inc).   Can anyone shed some light on what this error means? If I install a fresh drupal and reinstall my plugin, is that likely to clear things up?   Any advice?   Thanks! Every partial order can be extended to a linear ordering I have a ListBox DataTemplate in WPF. I want one item to be tight against the left side of the ListBox and another item to be tight against the right side, but I can't figure out how to do this.  So far I have a Grid with three columns, the left and right ones have content and the center is a placeholder with it's width set to "*". Where am I going wrong?  Here is the code:  &lt;DataTemplate x:Key="SmallCustomerListItem"&gt;     &lt;Grid HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"&gt;         &lt;Grid.RowDefinitions&gt;             &lt;RowDefinition/&gt;         &lt;/Grid.RowDefinitions&gt;         &lt;Grid.ColumnDefinitions&gt;             &lt;ColumnDefinition/&gt;             &lt;ColumnDefinition Width="*"/&gt;             &lt;ColumnDefinition/&gt;         &lt;/Grid.ColumnDefinitions&gt;         &lt;WrapPanel HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Margin="0"&gt;             &lt;!--Some content here--&gt;             &lt;TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=LastName}" TextWrapping="Wrap" FontSize="24"/&gt;             &lt;TextBlock Text=", " TextWrapping="Wrap" FontSize="24"/&gt;             &lt;TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=FirstName}" TextWrapping="Wrap" FontSize="24"/&gt;          &lt;/WrapPanel&gt;         &lt;ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Path=PhoneNumbers}" Grid.Column="2" d:DesignWidth="100" d:DesignHeight="50"      Margin="8,0" Background="Transparent" BorderBrush="Transparent" IsHitTestVisible="False" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"/&gt;     &lt;/Grid&gt; &lt;/DataTemplate&gt; I'm currently studying from "Introduction to Electromagnetics" by D.J. Griffiths. In the book the significance of the displacement current term is explained by looking a non-steady capacitor circuit (shown below).  Using the integral equation and balloon-shaped surface, it is said that $I_{enc}=0$ but $\int \partial\vec{E}/\partial t \cdot d\vec{a}=I/\epsilon_0$. This statement makes sense to me - there is no physical current flowing between the plates but there is a changing electric flux through the balloon surface.  My misunderstanding is with the flat Amperian loop surface where it is mentioned that $\vec{E}=0$ and $I_{enc}=I$ in this case. Obviously there is a current flow $I_{enc}$ in the Amperian loop, but why is $\vec{E}=0$? Just looking at the equations directly, I would have thought there would be a combination of both current terms (including displacement current due to changing electric field in the wire) in a capacitor charging/discharging situation.  I've attempted to seek other explanations on this from other texts,  and elsewhere in this stackexchange site, but this has made me more confused. Clarification on this would be appreciated.     Differential form of Ampere's-Maxwell's equation: $$\nabla \times \vec{B}=\mu_0\vec{J}+\mu_0\epsilon_0\frac{\partial \vec{E}}{\partial t}$$  Integral form of Ampere's-Maxwell's equation: $$ \oint\vec{B}\cdot d\vec{l} = \mu_0I_{enc}+\mu_0\epsilon_0 \int \frac{\partial \vec{E}}{\partial t} \cdot d\vec{a} $$ Error Message:      "A reboot is pending. Please restart before starting Visual Studio".    I installed Visual Studio (Visual Basic 2015 and SQL 2015) and after what looked like a successful install I then got the "Reboot" window.   Not expecting it I had a bunch of things open. So I closed a bunch a bunch of things, and did the reboot myself.   Now I cannot run Visual Basic because it ONLY gives me the above error message in the pop-up window. It won't even let me do a re-install.   All it does is keep giving me the above error message.   If you have any advice that's better than a complete uninstall/reinstall I'm sure everyone in my situation would benefit from it.  How can I resolve this issue? HTML code for an apostrophe Seemingly simple, but I cannot find anything relevant on the web.  What is the correct HTML code for an apostrophe? Is it &amp;#8217;? Mismatch Reputation in the thumbnail and the actual Reputation Parsing JSON from URL I've notice that the business to business site AliBaba and it's more consumer friendly AliExpress website have a number of bike components for sale. They tend to be complete component groupsets and the like but are some quite reasonable deals, especially if you are building a bike from scratch.  I've used AliExpress before to purchase electronic components, which have been good quality and are what they say on the tin.   Has anyone used AliExpress to buy bike components and have they had any trouble? (quality, counterfeit etc.)  One benefit is that your money is held in escrow until you receive the item and aprove the payment so some safety. I just installed Ubuntu 12.10 on an ASUS X401U, and after installation there is no list of wireless connections. I didn't have that problem with an installation on HP. What I can do to enable Wifi?  07:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Ralink corp. Device [1814:3290]