Something is doing 100% I/O during Windows 10 boot
booting windows 10 spends too long
How do I pipe each command given to the shell? I'd like to edit my .bashrc so that every command executed on the shell is piped to something, for example:   $ sudo apt update   _________________ &lt; sudo apt update &gt;  -----------------     \   ^__^      \  (oo)\_______         (__)\       )\/\             ||----w |             ||     ||   I have managed something rather similar, but not entirely:  $ bash $ exec &gt; &gt;(cowsay) $ echo "Hello AU!" $ exit  _______ &lt; Hello AU! &gt;  -------     \   ^__^      \  (oo)\_______         (__)\       )\/\             ||----w |             ||     ||   It is not the desired result, as it only happens after exiting the current shell.  It's mainly for fun/learning purposes. Difference between might and could True random generation in Java I was reading the Math.random() javadoc and saw that random is only psuedorandom.    Is there a library (specifically java) that generates random numbers according to random variables like environmental temperature, CPU temperature/voltage, or anything like that? I am currently using 19.04 and I got "No new release found for 19.10" How do you refer to a hyponym that is the same word as the hypernym? What word (or how do you phrase things) do you use when the ostensible word for the class is the same as the word for a subset of the class?  For example, in the United States, there are many brands of sugared, carbonated soft drink that one can buy: Coca-Cola (or Coke), Pepsi, RC Cola, Sprite, 7-Up, A&amp;W or Mug Root Beer, etc). The first two are kinds of 'coke' or 'cola' (but no one says 'cola').  , one asks for any type of such drink as 'coke'. How does one then ask for the particular kind of 'coke' that is 'Coke' (pronounced the same)? Does one reduplicate and say a 'Coke coke', does one repeat with emphasis (or without), does one use a different word like 'coca-cola' (co-cola), or what?  The (perceived) difficulty (surely those in the South are able to get the drink they want somehow) isn't limited to there. Where the drink is called 'soda', if you ask for a 'coke', you'll still sometimes have the choice among Coca-Cola, Pepsi, etc. "Can I have a Coke?" the response might be "Is Pepsi OK?". "Sure, Pepsi, Coke, whatever." You don't use 'cola', you just ask for the particular kind and hope the listener will help differentiate.   Given these multiple strategies for disambiguating, what do you do say to get a 'Coke' in the southern US? are there any other examples of a hypernym being the same as the hyponym, and so creating a disambiguation problem? How to create an extruded halftone effect in illustrator or photoshop VMware Linux Server -- how can you tell if you are a vm or real hardware? How to remove all files and subdirectories in a directory WITHOUT deleting the directory in bash? Is there a command to remove all files and subdirectories in a directory without deleting the directory?  For example if I have directory dontDeleteMe with subdirectories 1, 2, 3 and each subdirectory has a few pictures in it, how can I remove the subdirectories 1, 2, and 3 and all the files in the them, without removing the parent directory dontDeleteMe? iPhone App CrashReport I dont know how to sort a list of SObject Case.  I have a List&lt;Case&gt; newCases which i iterate over in for cycle, where i save Cases to my new List&lt;Case&gt; casesList.  for (Case newCase : newCases) {             if(newCase.Case_Content__c == '111' &amp;&amp; newCase.Status == '24'){                 String cuid = newCase.CUID__c;                 cuidSet.add(cuid);                 casesList.add(newCase);                 casesList.sort(); //TODO sorting by CUID__c             }         }   What i need to do is, to sort this new list by field CUID__c. So the Cases with same CUID are together.  Thank you for any help :) Should I really have been awarded mortarboard on a Per-site meta? How can I change wallpaper automatically? I have found a guide for that but doesn't sure if it will work or it is safe to use. The guide:  I am asking if is these introductions safe and will work? If not, is there any other solutions for that? I am using Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Thank you. Non-Root Package Managers From my research, I seem to notice that all package managers insist on being used as a privileged user and must be installed into /.  Typically, what I like to do is create a throwaway account, compile some software, and install to $HOME for that account. I can try a variety of setups and then when I'm done, just destroy the account.  However, compiling software becomes tedious.  My experience is really just limited to yum, but I don't understand why I wouldn't be able to drop a repo file into ~/etc/yum.repos.d and have yum install everything into a home account.  Is there any reason why package managers must be used as a privleged user to install software? $k^{\phi(l)} + l^{\phi(k)} \equiv1\pmod{lk}\,$ if $\,\gcd(l,k)=1$ I would like to prove the following equality: $$k^{\phi(l)} + l^{\phi(k)} \equiv1\pmod{lk}$$if $\gcd(l,k)=1$. What methods can I use? Thank you for your help. What does a program do when it's sent SIGKILL signal? When I used killall -9 name to kill a program, the state become zombie. Some minutes later, it stopped really. So, what's happening during those minutes? Simple bijection $\mathbb N_0 \times \mathbb N_0 \to \mathbb N_0$ I'm looking for a 'simple' bijection $$ \pi \colon \mathbb N_0 \times \mathbb N_0 \to \mathbb N_0, $$  where 'simple' in this context means that it should be as easy as possible to define and it should be self-evident that said function is in fact a bijection. It's a quest for convenience - not minimal complexity in any rigorous sense.  Here are a couple of examples I came up with - none of which satisfy both requirements:   Let $\pi(m,n) = c(2^m3^{n+1})$, where $c \colon \{2^m3^{n+1} \mid m,n \in \mathbb N_0 \}\to \mathbb N_0$ is the order isomorphism (or in fact Mostowski collapse) of its domain under the natural ordering, Let $\pi(m,n) = \langle n,m \rangle$ - Gödel's pairing function, Let $\pi(m,n) = m \oplus n$ - the number resulting from '' $m,n$ (where we imagine both $m$ and $n$ as in infinite decks of cards whose $i$th element is labeled with its respective $i$th digit). ... How does Java calculate negative numbers? Why is the observable universe so big? The observable universe is approximately 13.7 billion years old. But yet it is 80 billion light years across. Isn't this a contradiction? Discrete Probability: Four dice are thrown, what's the probability that... Four dice are thrown, what's the probability that:  a) None of them fall higher than three?  b) None of them fall higher than four?  c) That four is the highest number thrown?  So for a, I wanna think about the denominator first. There are 6 possible outcomes for each dice, and we have four dice. So we're technically picking r out of n objects, aka picking 4 possible values out of 6. So the denominator/sample space should be $6^4$ right?  Now this is where I'm getting tripped up. Order technically shouldn't count, because we only care about the quadruplets that don't have a value higher than 3. I might be wrong, maybe I am, but could someone explain a bit more? My professor stated that typically in the sample space/denominator, we want order to count.   So I'm trying to think of the numerator now, so we want to find the probability that no values appear higher than 3, so some events that can occur are: $(1, 1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 2, 3), (1, 1, 1, 1)$ etc. Again, I can't see why order should count here, because if we only are concerned about what appears rather than how they appear, then we can say $(1, 1, 2, 3)$ is equal to $(1, 2, 1, 3)$? So if order does not count, and we have replacement, then does this lead the case where we use $$\binom{n-1+r}{r}$$to find out the probability?   I'm pretty sure if I can do a), I could prob do b), but if someone could maybe lead me in the right direction for c) I would appreciate that too! Why is my mesh inversed when Imported to Unity? So I modeled this sword and all the parts were separate meshes. I used a mirror modifier when I was modeling and then I applied the modifier when I was done to make the parts into solid meshes. Put a UV map on everything and it all looked good in Blender.  Then I put it into Unity and I got what you see in the picture. Part of the sword is inversed. Oddly, the inversed part actually maintains the proper silhouette. It maintains the correct shape, but then is shaded like the front half is missing.  Does anyone have an idea of what's going on and how to fix it?  Thanks, James