Explanation for RandomChoice list increment behavior
++ is dangerous for C programmers
Windows 10 update broke my MBR / GRUB After I ran Windows 10 update this afternoon my partition table broke... I had dual boot with Windows 10 and Ubuntu 14 with Grub as the boot loader. The error that came up was "Error no such partition, Entering rescue mode... grub rescue>". I googled it,  about the boot-repair ISO, installed it on a USB, ran the repair, got this report, but still no luck:    Now the boot skips Grub entirely and goes to Windows boot manager which fails with "The boot configuration data for your PC is missing or contains errors". So now instead of dual boot I have zero boot. Thanks Microsoft.  Anyway can you guys help me interpret the disk info in the pastebin link? I don't remember my partition configuration but I believe Ubunut had slightlty less disk space than Windows. Questions I have:   Is the Ubuntu partition still there? Could it be the one named "Extended"? (sda4) Where would GRUB be? Gone? Can it be reinstalled? how?   I don't really care about the Windows partition anymore, but it would be nice to rescue Ubuntu. I've noticed that with the new question asking form, sometimes, attempting to submit a question will post two identical copies of the same question.  I've  (), but at the time, I assumed it was just a temporary fluke. As far as I remember, I just reviewed the question, saw no errors, and submitted it. (That's all the info I have.)  However, I just saw this happen to someone else, so it can't just be a fluke on my end. , and . The author claims there that they did indeed double click the "Review" button, but their question didn't go through since it didn't have a required tag, but when they tried to submit the question with the required tag, they only clicked it once.  Also, now that I think about it, it could not have been just a temporary client-side issue on both our ends. The system is supposed to  if one tries to post more than one question in 30 seconds. Neither of us got a CAPTCHA. This means that the server accepted the double post, and so it's a server issue.  This has the effect of denying users badges that they would have otherwise qualified for, since a single negatively-received, closed, or deleted question . This means that even if the double post is deleted and the original is upvoted, the user won't qualify for that day since they've made a "bad" question on that day. (While they may be able to later reverse this 60 days later by undeleting and re-deleting their question - questions deleted more than 60 days later aren't considered "deleted" for the check - they often won't be able to, since most of the time, users will have downvoted the double post, which also disqualifies one from the badges.)  Can an employee go through server logs to see what happened in both these cases, and add some safeguards to prevent accidental double submissions of questions? This seems to have come up when the new asking form was deployed.  Update: There was another case just now:  was . As both have the exact same time of submission, this is an instance of this bug, since as I said above, this thing is ordinarily prevented by a CAPTCHA. How can I remove a trailing newline? What is the Python equivalent of Perl's chomp function, which removes the last character of a string if it is a newline? How are pronouns resolved? Are pronouns in English resolved syntactically or semantically? Do they always refer to the closest matching noun?  A  has these examples:        We gave the bananas to the monkeys because they were hungry.   We gave the bananas to the monkeys because they were ripe.   We gave the bananas to the monkeys because they were here.       My understanding was that pronouns are resolved syntactically, and so sentence 2 is semantically incorrect (unless the author really meant that the monkeys were ripe) and sentence 3 is not ambiguous. Is this wrong?  Citations and references are most welcome. In Interstellar, what do Murph and NASA do to save humanity after solving Brand's equation? Do they get the entire human race on giant space ships and transport them to a habitable planet? (How exactly do they do  this?)  If yes, is this habitable planet Edmunds' (the one that Amelia lands on)? Smaller vs. less vs. lesser I am confused as to some of the vocabulary that can be used to compare numbers and quantities, and would very much appreciate some clarification.   I suppose it is safe to say that 1 is smaller than 2.   Can I also say that 1 is less than 2, and if so, which form is preferable?   It seems that saying that 1 is lesser than 2 is uncommon - but is it incorrect?   Finally, -2 is clearly less than -1, but is it true that -2 is smaller than -1? (If I have 2$ of debt, then I would say that I have less money than if I had 1$ of debt, but I would also say that my debt was larger, not smaller). SELECT GETDATE()   Returns: 2008-09-22 15:24:13.790  I want that date part without the time part: 2008-09-22 00:00:00.000  How can I get that? Running tcpdump starts ssh flood I have runtime Linux running in a PLC. My development machine is running Ubuntu 14.04. The PLC and the development machine are connected through a five port switch. I ssh to PLC from my development machine to transfer executable of a networking application that I develop on my development machine.   I run tcpdump on PLC to debug the kind of packets my network application is receiving BUT as soon as I start tcpdump, there starts a flood of ssh sync and acks back and forth from my ubuntu machine to the PLC. The LED lights of ethernet controller of PLC as well on the switch start blinking rapidly. The flood overwhelms the PLC and it almost dies down while all other packets get dropped. It feels like a DOS attack whenever I run tcpdump but as soon as I stop tcpdump, everything calms down and gets back to the normal.   I would like know remedy on this problem and why it happens?     Any help would be appreciated. Let $k^p = k$, $K = k(x)$ and $F = k(u)$ for some $u \in K$. Show that $K/F$ is separable $\iff u \not\in K^p$. Let $K$ be the rational function field $k(x)$ over a perfect field $k$ of   characteristic $p &gt; 0$. Let $F = k(u)$ for some $u\in K$, and write   $u = f(x)/g(x)$ with $f$ and $g$ relatively prime. Show that $K/F$ is   a separable extension if and only if $u\notin K^p$.   There is already a post on this but it has not yet been answered :   The truth is that I am very confused with this problem, I would like someone please help me to understand what happens with this exercise and explain to me how it could be done by giving me a help or something. I already have an approach for the left-to-right implication, but I do not know very well how good it is. Could someone help me with the other implication please? Thank you very much. What should I do if I want to be able to run a given program regardless of my current directory? Should I create a symbolic link to the program in the /bin folder? Equal simple field extensions? I have a question about simple field extensions.  For a field $F$, if $[F(a):F]$ is odd, then why is $F(a)=F(a^2)$? .NET - What's the best way to implement a "catch all exceptions handler" I'm wondering what the best way is to have a "if all else fails catch it".  I mean, you're handling as much exceptions as possible in your application, but still there are bound to be bugs, so I need to have something that catches all unhandled exceptions so I can collect information and store them in a database or submit them to a web service.  Does the AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException event capture everything? Even if the application is multithreaded?  Side note: Windows Vista exposes native API functions that allow any application to recover itself after a crash... can't think of the name now... but I'd rather not use it, as many of our users are still using Windows XP. Is there a place to see release dates for previous releases? Convergence of $\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\left\{ 1-n\log \frac {2n+1} {2n-1}\right\} $ Target filesystem doesn't have requested /sbin/init How to change background-color on text links on hover but not image links Given that there is no logically default animal from the list of animals below, what should be the "Default Value" below, according to best practice?  &lt;label for="animal"&gt;Animal (required):&lt;/label&gt; &lt;select name="animal"&gt;   &lt;option value=""&gt;Default Value&lt;/option&gt;   &lt;option value="0"&gt;Cat&lt;/option&gt;   &lt;option value="1"&gt;Dog&lt;/option&gt;   &lt;option value="2"&gt;Horse&lt;/option&gt;   &lt;option value="3"&gt;Pig&lt;/option&gt;   &lt;option value="4"&gt;Sheep&lt;/option&gt; &lt;/select&gt;   A blank value, &lt;option value=""&gt;&lt;/option&gt;?  Something visually irritating, &lt;option value=""&gt;***CHOOSE ANIMAL***&lt;/option&gt;?  Something which blends in but provides instruction, &lt;option value=""&gt;Select an Animal&lt;/option&gt;?  Something else entirely? Antisymmetric Relations An exercise of Rudin's Real and Complex Analysis says:     Is it true that every compact subset of $\mathbf{R}^1$ is the support of a continuous function? If not, can you describe the class of all compact sets in $\mathbf{R}^1$ which are supports of continuous functions? Is your description valid in other topological spaces?   I proved that, in every metric space, a set (not necessarily compact) $A$ is the support of a continuous function if and only if it is the closure of an open set.  However, I don't think that this characterization holds for every topological space.  So, in order to find a counter-example, I tried to use the discrete and the trivial topologies. However, the discrete topology is metrizable and this characterization holds for topological spaces with the trivial topology.  Is this result true for any topological space? If not, what would be a counter-example? Poisson Distribution of sum of two random independent variables $X$, $Y$