JAGS burn-in phase takes ZERO time?
R2jags does not remove the burn in part sometimes?
One of whom destroys the Earth, perhaps accidentally, while fighting another... the plot also involves a human colony ship or planet that loses contact with the Earth; I think a small boy is also involved with the plot, although it's been 20-30 years since I read this story.  Any help would be appreciated!  It's driving my brother and me a bit batty.  Here's the batty brother's take: the main being has created others who are now at war, exploding stars. To escape, the main being accelerates the star of the human colony as a decoy. However, most of the story centers on some guy who winds up living forever, as they keep sticking him in cryogenic sleep and reawakening him. If memory serves me right, they abandon the colony planet for a while and move to asteroids as the star is weakening because it is using it's energy to accelerate. When it decelerates, it is the only star left in the universe. The one "being" was almost reduced to living off the energy of a black hole when it appears, and he sees it and sets off to go there, with a cryptic ending that the humans very well might fight him off. Including .eps figure in PDFLatex This question has been asked a lot, but for reason I cannot get it to work. I'd like to include a .eps image in my document - I am using pdflatex in TeXMaker. Below is the input (I am providing the whole preamble incase there is some interference.   \documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage{times} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{epstopdf} %converting to PDF \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{mathtools} \newcommand{\HRule}{\rule{\linewidth}{0.5mm}} \usepackage[parfill]{parskip} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{5} %how deep sections are numbers \usepackage{float} \usepackage[font={sf,footnotesize},labelfont=bf, justification=justified, singlelinecheck=off]{caption} \usepackage[font=footnotesize]{subcaption} \usepackage[scaled]{helvet}  \usepackage{titlesec}  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[export]{adjustbox} %for large figures \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{microtype} \usepackage{setspace} \singlespacing \usepackage[defaultlines=4,all]{nowidow}  \includegraphics[scale=1]{/../model_1_2.eps}    The error I get is:      ! Package pdftex.def Error: File `/model_1_2-eps-converted-to.pdf' not   found.See the pdftex.def package documentation for explanation.Type H    for immediate help.... .../../model_1_2.eps}   I hope someone can help. Collinearity can pose certain problems in various kinds of regression problem. In particular, it can make the parameter estimates have high variance and be unstable.   Various methods have been proposed to deal with this including ridge regression, partial least squares regression, principal components regression, dropping variables and getting more data.   One method that is controversial is standardizing or scaling the independent variables, with various experts saying it is a good (e.g. Garcia) or bad (e.g. Belsley) idea. Belsley's issue seems to be (in non-technical terms) that changing the IVs just pushes the problem under the rug.  But other experts seem not to agree. And the authors tend to get rather heated in defending their own positions.   Back when I did my dissertation (on collinearity diagnostics) I found Belsley's arguments convincing, but that was long ago (I got my degree in 1999).  I'm looking either for expert guidance or for any current review article that is unbiased. Explanation of terminal objects using limits I understand terminal objects, but I falter when trying to achieve them using the approach of diagrams, the category of constant diagrams $\mathcal{C}^{\mathcal{J}}$ and limits.  I have the empty category 0, now I have a diagram $D: \mathcal{J} \to \mathcal{C}$. However this diagrams image should be empty, because there are no objects or morphisms to map. At this point, I'm confused, because I can't get to the universal property $\forall c \in \mathcal{C}. \exists! f: c \to T$ anymore, because I'm missing T. (EDIT: I get that this is how it is supposed to be)  But continuing with the category of constant diagrams, even if I have a constant diagram mapping everything to one object / morphism, there is nothing to map, so the functors image is still empty. So now I'm missing both $T$, and any kind of $c$.  EDIT: It seems to me, have I chosen 1, instead of 0, I would have come up with that is considered the definition of the terminal category. What am I missing? I get the curvature tensor in General Relativity, it is “just” math. Does space-time REALLY curves as a tangible thing, or is Einstein proposing a mathematical abstraction?  More naively, please allow, is space-time a real physical “something” like a “new ether”? If yes, does anyone have any idea what is it made off? How do I create a new object using Python in Blender 2.80? As part of an existing add-on, I'm trying to create an object and add it to the scene using Python. I followed a Blender Cookbook tutorial found here: . I use the following code to do so:  emptyMesh = bpy.data.meshes.new('emptyMesh') theObj = bpy.data.objects.new("object_name", emptyMesh) bpy.context.scene.objects.link(theObj)   But I get the following error when I try to link theObj to the scene objects:  AttributeError: 'bpy_prop_collection' object has no attribute 'link'   This works just fine in Blender 2.76-2.79, but doesn't work in the 2.80 test build I downloaded. Was there a change to the Python API? Or is this maybe a bug in the test build? How can there be a directory named `~`? I was trying to test out this buggy/new tool to see how it works, and it prompted me to choose a directory to use for stuff I am doing. From the directory ~/Code/indep, I typed in ~/Code/indep/tarbell. (Stupid, I could have just typed 'tarbell', but whatever.) It prompted me to create it because it didn't exist, I said yes. When I inspected the contents of this directory, here is what I see:  brian@navis:~/Code/indep$ ls ~ project1 project2 project3 ...   I thought "oh, weird, it created a symlink to ~". However:  brian@navis:~/Code/indep$ file ./~ ./~: directory   file thinks it's a directory.   brian@navis:~/Code/indep$ ls -l drwxr-xr-x 3 brian brian 4096 Nov  8 16:50 ~ drwxr-xr-x 8 brian brian 4096 Oct 14 18:42 project1 drwxr-xr-x 3 brian brian 4096 Sep 10 21:15 project2 drwxr-xr-x 5 brian brian 4096 Oct 14 19:33 project3 ...   And so does ls -l.   I thought, "oh, ... is it a hard link? I've never really used those." But I tried to reproduce, and it's impossible to create a hard link to a directory. So... I guess I've narrowed this down to things I don't understand. Did I mount my home directory in this other directory somehow?   My main goal at this point is to remove the reference to my home directory in this folder (rm doesn't seem like the answer), but I'm also curious to know what's going on.  EDIT:   In retrospect, I understand exactly what happened. As was answered below, the program created a directory called "~" inside my current directory. The only really obfuscating fact about this is that I wasn't consistent with how I was actually viewing what the directory was. Sometimes I referred to it as  "~" and sometimes as "./~". It's only if you do the latter that you can actually see what's going on, but until I understood this, I was conflating what I was seeing from using the absolute path of "~" to to what was in fact a local directory. How do I prepare best for my first wedding photography event? I am going to shoot a wedding this weekend, and I want to do my best for my friend's big day.    What can I do to prepare for the day in order to minimize failures and mistakes? How do I avoid missing important shots? What backup plan should I have?   I have been shooting for 6 years or so, and I know wedding is one of the hardest thing to do. I have told my friend what I end up producing will be of no match with the work of dedicated wedding photographers, not even the ones that are about to fall out of business.  They are on a tight budget, they said some photos are still better than none, they really must minimize the cost as much as they can. I exaggerated again that my photos will be worse off than the cheapest wedding photographer you can find.  She has been a close friends for years, I want to do everything I can to help her.  Their wedding is at 12:30pm coming Sunday, I have visited the venue last Sunday at 12:30pm to check traffic condition and also the lighting.  The setup is mainly outdoor (no church), the indoor area will not have a good ceiling for bounce. Being at the middle of the day, this can mean some tricky fill flash. I have jot down a list of must-have shots. I am also asking for the seating plan and the event run-down.  Gear:   Canon EOS 60D , EF-S 15-85mm f/3.5-5.6 IS USM Canon EOS 450D (or I can borrow a 550D), EF 50mm f/1.4 Speedlite 580 EXII Speedlite 270 EXII Yongnuo 460 (a cheap but powerful manual flash as backup) Samsung EX-1 f/1.8 point and shoot (backup of a backup...?)   Other lenses that I have but I don't think will be useful:   50mm f/1.8 EF-S 50-250mm f/4.0-5.6 IS II EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS (I have the better 15-85 on 60D, should I put this on the 450D as a backup allrounder?) EF-S 60mm f/2.8 Macro (should I replace 50mm f/1.4 with this for added macro? You can hardly use f/1.4 under direct sunlight if you want to have fill-flash)   I have two batteries for all cameras (60D 450D and EX1). I have like in total 64GB SD card (I am really inclined to get more, or bring a laptop for on-the-fly backup, or do both). I recently repaired my 580EXII, it has a brand new flash head so the recycle time is as good as it can be, I just need a tonne of batteries. No I don't have external power pack or battery grip for my cameras.  I have a great monopod, but a cheap tripod.  I am happy to bring everything, just putting them in the boot of my car. The carpark is on-site, walking from venue to my car is under 1 minute.  I will have my girlfriend carry the 450D and shoot details / non-portraits.  One concern that I have is fill flash, I really do not have a large surface to bounce off  from. I have shot events before but they are not as dynamic/critical as a wedding.  How do I prepare for differing weather conditions?  If its sunny, fill flash is probably going to be in every single shot. If its cloudy, I probably will turn off the flash. If it rains, my 60D should be fine I have used it in slight rain before, but I really don't know their plan and if they have extendable shelters etc.  What else should I prepare for? Having no experience I want to be as prepared as I can be. Maybe I have overlooked something, maybe there is something else I can do to ensure the shooting will go smoothly. Your help is greatly appreciated! How can I start automatically a command on Ubuntu 18.04? Why couldn't Doctor Strange use his sling ring in space? Can't SSH in as root I'm using the default installation of openssh-server for my Ubuntu 14.04 server. I can connect through the console as root like normal, with my username and password. When I try to SSH with the same username/password, however, I repeatedly get Access Denied errors. /var/log/auth.log reports Failed password for root from &lt;ip address&gt; port &lt;port&gt; ssh2, but I'm entering the correct password.  Why can't I connect to the server via SSH, even though the username and password ARE correct? TP-LINK TL-WN823N Unable to connect to network In the simple harmonic oscillator model, we talk about the angular frequency and I understand that this tells something about the instantaneous angular velocity of the object. For example, a simple pendulum. But what does this mean when we apply this concept to an object attached to a spring that behaves as a simple harmonic oscillator? There is no instantaneous circular motion for the object, so how can we relate the angular frequency to a system like this? Solving an equation over the reals: $ x^3 + 1 = 2\sqrt[3]{{2x - 1}}$ Searching a virtual printer, that sends emails I need a software, that emulates a printer, converts the printed documents to PDF/TIFF and send it via eMail to a specified address (for windows).  The virtual printer / PDF conversion is possible with a lot of PDF-converters. But I need a software, which is also able to directly mail me these PDFs. It's always the same mailaddress, and I have an SMTP server.  Any suggestions? Steps to Reproduce   Tap faster on the code. or Tap once on a huge code.   but happens only when  setupForGeneric() is called, might be a bug related to   private void setupForCode()   { String str = getIntent().getStringExtra("com.stackexchange.marvin:code_block"); PrettyWebView localPrettyWebView = (PrettyWebView)findViewById(R.id.code); localPrettyWebView.setPostBody("&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;" + TextUtils.htmlEncode(str) + "&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/code&gt;", false); localPrettyWebView.setBackgroundColor("#eeeeee"); }  private void setupForGeneric() { String str = getIntent().getStringExtra("com.stackexchange.marvin:web_url"); PrettyWebView localPrettyWebView = (PrettyWebView)findViewById(R.id.code); localPrettyWebView.getSettings().setBuiltInZoomControls(true); localPrettyWebView.getSettings().setLoadWithOverviewMode(true); localPrettyWebView.getSettings().setUseWideViewPort(true); localPrettyWebView.loadUrl(str); localPrettyWebView.setBackgroundColor("#eeeeee"); }   Log  09-05 03:54:30.312: E/AndroidRuntime(26264): FATAL EXCEPTION: WebViewCoreThread  09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318): java.lang.NullPointerException: [v0.1.22]  09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at android.content.ComponentName.&lt;init&gt;(ComponentName.java:75) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at android.content.Intent.&lt;init&gt;(Intent.java:3156) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at com.stackexchange.marvin.ui.ViewPopupActivity.showCode(ViewPopupActivity.java:25) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at com.stackexchange.marvin.ui.question.QuestionFragment$1.onCodeClicked(QuestionFragment.java:67) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at com.stackexchange.marvin.ui.common.PrettyWebView$WebAppInterface.codeClicked(PrettyWebView.java:197) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at android.webkit.WebViewCore.nativeTouchUp(Native Method) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at android.webkit.WebViewCore.nativeTouchUp(Native Method) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at android.webkit.WebViewCore.access$4000(WebViewCore.java:59) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at android.webkit.WebViewCore$EventHub$1.handleMessage(WebViewCore.java:1449) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at android.webkit.WebViewCore$WebCoreThread.run(WebViewCore.java:790) 09-05 03:09:39.522: E/Crittercism(18318):   at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:856) Evaluate $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \int_0^1 f(x^n) dx$ Let $f$ be a real, continuous function defined for all $0\leq x\leq 1$ such that $f(0)=1$, $f(1/2)=2$, and $f(1)=3$. Show that  $$\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \int_0^1 f(x^n) dx$$  exists and compute the limit.  Attempt:   Since $f$ is real-valued continuous on $0\leq x\leq 1$ and the boundaries $f(0)=1$ and $f(1)=3$, $f$ is bounded on the interval  and the integral $\displaystyle\int_0^1 f(x^n)dx$ exists for any positive $n$. Thus, we can interchange the limit and the integral and compose the limit, \begin{align*} \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \int_0^1 f(x^n)dx&amp;=\int_0^1\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}f(x^n)dx\\ &amp;=\int_0^1 f\left(\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} x^n \right)dx\\ &amp;=\int_0^1 f(0)dx=1. \end{align*}  Questions: So, my first question concerns whether interchanging the limit and the integral is correct. It seems it would be justified by the dominated convergence theorem, where $f(x^n)$ is dominated by a function $g(x)=\displaystyle\sup_{0\leq x\leq 1} f(x^n)$ and $f_n(x^n)$, on $0\leq x\leq 1$, converges pointwise to a function $f$ that takes value 1 for $x\neq 1$ and 3 for $x=1$.  My next question is whether the interchange between the limit and composition of the function is allowed. Since the function is continuous and the limit exists at that point, it seems the interchange would be justified. Determining ethnicity according to ancestry? Proving $\arg(zw)=\arg(z)+\arg(w)$ This is my attempt I know this is incomplete or may even be wrong.   Let $θ_1 \in \arg(z)$ and $θ_2 \in \arg(w)$. Then, $θ_1+θ_2 \in \arg(z)+\arg(w)$. Also, $θ_1+θ_2 \in \arg(zw)$. Is this sufficient for the proof or correct at all? Hope someone could help me out. Thanks.   EDIT: Just to avoid any confusions I will add how $\arg z$ is defined.   $\arg z=\{\text{Arg}\, z+2\pi k\mid k\text{ is an integer}\}$ Since humans are not large in mass, do we exert enough gravitational force for a small object to orbit around us? (Assuming that the only gravitational force acting on the object is from the human). Using Newton's law of gravity and using myself as the human mass, I exert a 10^-8 force on a 1 kg object .5 meter away, but I am not sure if even this small of a force will be acceptable. What is the baseline "force" between two objects for 1 to orbit another?  Edit: I am not sure if this is a SpaceExchange question.