Maven doesn't incude dependencies into the jar
How can I create an executable JAR with dependencies using Maven?
How do I check whether a file exists without exceptions? Multivariate polynomial with no mixed terms Validity of maximising log-likelihood for maximum likelihood estimation For reasons owing to mathematical convenience, when finding MLEs (maximum likelihood estimates), it is often the log-likelihood function---as opposed to the standard likelihood function---which is maximised.  From what I've gathered, this approach is deemed valid as a result of the monotonically increasing nature of the (natural) logarithm function.  My understanding of a monotonically increasing function is: for all $x$ and $y$ (defined on a subset of the reals), if $x \leq y$ then $f(x) \leq f(y)$.  This, however, does not appear to be the case for all log-likelihood functions; for example: for the log-likelihood $\text{Gamma}(3, 5)$ function, if $x = 0.15$ and $y = 0.46$, then $f(x) = -0.59$ and $f(y) = -1.19$.  Clearly, I've misunderstood this concept. Fundamentally, I guess I'm asking can somebody (preferably mathematically) demonstrate why:  $$ \hat{\theta} = \text{argmax} \text{ } L(\theta) = \text{argmax} \text{ } \text{log} \text{ } L(\theta) $$  where $\hat{\theta}$ is the MLE for a given likelihood function. If we have 2 batteries one of emf x and the other is of emf y and we connect them in series we get an effective emf of x+y.  But what if we connect them in parallel, how to calculate the emf now? What is the difference between a telephoto lens and a zoom lens? Looking at the , I notice a distinction between telephoto lens and zoom lens.  What is the difference between the two?  Why would I want one over the other?  I  but remain confused about this distinction.  Please talk to me like I'm stupid. :) I am hoping for a completely lay explanation.  In particular, I'd like to understand in what situations I'd use a telephoto lens, and in what (other) situations I'd use a zoom lens. I am under DDoS. What can I do? This is a  about DoS and DDoS mitigation.   I found a massive traffic spike on a website that I host today; I am getting thousands of connections a second and I see I'm using all 100Mbps of my available bandwidth.  Nobody can access my site because all the requests time out, and I can't even log into the server because SSH times out too!  This has happened a couple times before, and each time it's lasted a couple hours and gone away on its own.  Occasionally, my website has another distinct but related problem: my server's load average (which is usually around .25) rockets up to 20 or more and nobody can access my site just the same as the other case.  It also goes away after a few hours.  Restarting my server doesn't help; what can I do to make my site accessible again, and what is happening?  Relatedly, I found once that for a day or two, every time I started my service, it got a connection from a particular IP address and then crashed.  As soon as I started it up again, this happened again and it crashed again.  How is that similar, and what can I do about it? How to solve the functional equation $f\left(x^2+f(y)\right)=y+f(x)^2$ How to solve the following functional equation:  Find all $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R} $ such that: $$ f\left(x^2+f(y)\right)=y+f(x)^2 $$ Holds for every $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$.  A friend gave it to me, probably its an olympiad question.  I started with the equation $f(f(y))=y+f(0)^2$ which seems to be quite helpful, but I couldn't do it effectively. How to solve it properly? What's up with the operating voltages 5 V, 3.3 V, 2.5 V, 1.8 V, etc.? What is the preferable setup for MiKTeX to keep all packages up-to-date easily? “He is small enough to walk.” But baby wasn't walking so why didn't they use “small” instead of “small enough”? No file output after rendering? I usually am able to render successfully to the c:\tmp folder, but when I came into work today, I rendered out the image on my work laptop, and everything seems to work, but I'm not getting an output to the tmp directory.  Does anyone know how to make this work? What should I do, as my submitted paper is still under review after 1 year? Say a prospective PhD has a high reply rate (90-95%) to first contact emails with potential superviors. He/She has a well thought out e-mail, but a particular professor (here: USA) that is in the top preferences does not reply after two to three e-mails that were sent within a time frame of three months. I also followed the instructions on the professor personal website in the section "prospective PhD students". The student has already contacted some of the advisor students and has received positive feedback about the professor.  Should the student just give up and move on? Should the student keep trying?  Aside from the obvious "I have too many incoming e-mails to answer" or "I am out in the field", what could create a no response behavior from the professor?  I have seen the simplistic answer "move on, bad advisor, doesn't have time, etc". But this seems a contradiction in this case. The PhD students like the professor and say he/she is personable and no e-mail response after a few well written emails. I want to run Notepad++ twice. Like in this paint printscreen.  How I want it:    Not what I want:    Is this possible? What does it mean to "program to an interface"? I have seen this mentioned a few times and I am not clear on what it means. When and why would you do this?   I know what interfaces do, but the fact I am not clear on this makes me think I am missing out on using them correctly.   Is it just so if you were to do:  IInterface classRef = new ObjectWhatever()   You could use any class that implements IInterface? When would you need to do that? The only thing I can think of is if you have a method and you are unsure of what object will be passed except for it implementing IInterface. I cannot think how often you would need to do that.   Also, how could you write a method that takes in an object that implements an interface? Is that possible? Slow Network Printing over OpenVPN / Windows Server 2008 Our setup is as follows:  Two offices (A and B) connected with OpenVPN Access Server.  One Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard    Housed in remote datacenter. Terminals at both offices connect through RDP in order to use a particular piece of software concurrently. Network Connected printers (Deployed with GPO) that are connected to separate terminals at each office (and shared) are used with this software to print things throughout the day.   We are experiencing extremely slow printing times.  Opening printer properties can take 30-60 seconds and printing times range from 30-180 seconds with no apparent reason.  File sizes remain &lt; 1mb.  This happens with each of our printers.  All different models.  The server massively underutilized with a 6-core AMD, 16GB ram, 4x 120GB SSDs, and a 100 megabit port.  Our VPN does not seem to be a bottleneck either.  I've been attempting to find ways to increase print speed.  So far no success.  What can you advise? Editing Subject in new Gmail For , the answer given on 7 Feb about how to edit the subject line in the new format of Gmail does not work for me.   There is no box on the left with a down arrow to options to reply, forward or edit subject in my version. There is a book on the right offering options to    Reply Reply to all Forward Filter message Print Delete Report spam Report phising Show original Message text garbled Translate message Mark answered    But, no option to edit subject Is it possible to speed up the gzip process?  I'm using  mysqldump "$database_name" | gzip &gt; $BACKUP_DIR/$database_name.sql.gz   to backup a database into a directory, $BACKUP_DIR.  the manpage says:     -# --fast --best             Regulate  the  speed  of compression using the             specified digit #, where -1  or  --fast  indi‐             cates  the  fastest  compression  method (less             compression) and -9 or  --best  indicates  the             slowest compression method (best compression).             The default compression level is -6 (that  is,             biased  towards high compression at expense of             speed).    How effective would it be to use --fast? Is this effectively lowering the CPU usage on a modern computer?   My test results  I didn't notice any acceleration:   7 min, 47 seconds (with default ratio -6) 8 min, 36 seconds (with ratio --fast ( = 9 ))   So it seems it takes even longer to use the fast compression?  Only higher compression really slows it down:   11 min, 57 seconds (with ratio --best ( = 1 ))   After getting the Idea with lzop I tested that too and it really is faster:   6 min, 14 seconds with lzop -1 -f -o $BACKUP_DIR/$database_name.sql.lzo Natbib In-Text Citation displays (author?) What's the blue pentagon for in Pokemon XY? On the Pokemon status screen, underneath the Pokemon and to the left of the custom markings, is a small blue pentagon:  This doesn't seem to be present on Pokemon obtained through the Pokemon Transporter from Gen V:  I've looked into it myself, and popular opinion seems to be that it's either some kind of &quot;Legitimate Pokemon&quot; mark or simply to indicate that the Pokemon originates from Gen VI. The latter seems far more likely to me, but do we know for sure what this blue hexagon means?