How and where can I install threeparttable.sty? I want to install threeparttable.sty to add footnotes into tables, but I don't know where and how. I tried by Miktex, but didn't work for an error on connection.  The package is online   Thanks for all
Where do I place my own .sty or .cls files, to make them available to all my .tex files? I know how to define a package or a class, but how do I make it available (to myself) at all times?  Say I have the package file commonstuff.sty (or myprettyclass.cls), that I want to be able to include in any .tex file I create on my computer. Where do I put it? Do I need to run some installer on it, or is it enough to keep it in a certain folder?  Note: I know I can just place it in the same folder as the .tex file, but that's not what I'm after here. I'm looking for a way to "install" the package centrally on my computer.
Why do rain waves form and what is their connection to the texture of the surface they're on? When it rains and water flows down an inclined street, ripples may form that are carried along with the current. Here's a picture with an example of what I'm talking about    I'd like to know what the fluid mechanical mechanism is for the formation of these waves. A quick google search reveals that they've been identified in some scientific literature as "rain waves" (if you have a jstor subscription you can see ) but I've only been able to find phenomenological descriptions of their properties without any details of the physics giving rise to them. In particular, I'm curious if people think that the surface on which the water is flowing must have a particular texture in order to give rise to the waves. I would like to create a md5 checksum list for all files in a directory.  I want to cat filename | md5sum &gt; ouptput.txt. I want to do this in 1 step for all files in my directory.   Any assistance would be great. App crash when editing comment or uploading image My MATLAB launcher doesn't work I've installed MATLAB R2011a on Ubuntu 11.10 today following . I've also followed the steps to create the launcher. It appeared, but when I click on it nothing happens. Does anyone knows what can I do to fix it? Additional info I can run it perfectly through terminal. My only problem is getting the launcher to work. To create the launcher I used :   Get an icon:  sudo wget http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Matlab_Logo.png -O /usr/share/icons/matlab.png   Get the launcher file:  sudo wget 'https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MATLAB?action=AttachFile&amp;do=get&amp;target=matlab-r2011a.desktop' -O /usr/share/applications/matlab.desktop How to compute PCA scores from eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix? Given a data matrix $\mathbf X$ of $12 \times 7$ size with samples in rows and variables in columns, I have calculated centered data $\mathbf X_c$ by subtracting column means, and then computed covariance matrix as $\frac{1}{N-1} \mathbf X_c^\top \mathbf X_c$.  The dimensions of this covariance matrix are $7 \times 7$. After that I have calculated the eigenvalue decomposition, obtaining eigenvector matrix $\mathbf V$ with eigenvectors in columns.  Now I want to know about projections (i.e. principal component scores in PCA): is it $\mathbf{V}^\top \mathbf{X}_c$ or $\mathbf{X}_c \mathbf{V}$?  mean_matrix = X - repmat(mean(X),size(X,1),1); covariance = (transpose(mean_matrix) * mean_matrix)/(12-1);  [V,D] = eig(covariance); [e,i] = sort(diag(D), 'descend'); V_sorted = V(:,i); Landscape figure in LaTeX I have a figure I'm trying to insert which is in landscape and I'm using the following (snipped) code:  \documentclass[12pt, oneside]{book} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{wrapfig} \usepackage{lscape} \usepackage{rotating} \usepackage{epstopdf}  \begin{document}  \begin{figure}[ht]     \includegraphics{../figures/pics/DivLibPropProfile}     \caption{Property profile of the diverse library compared to the compound pool.}     \label{fig:PropProf} \end{figure}  \end{document}   When I compile this with pdfLaTeX the output behaves as I'd expect – page in portrait with the caption at the bottom but the figure in the "wrong" orientation.  However when I compile using LaTeX, the page is turned landscape with the figure now in the correct orientation but with the caption at what is now the left of the page rather than under the figure, which you should get using \begin{landscape}.    When I do use the landscape environment and compile with LaTeX the caption the whole page is turned upside-down and everything is wrong.  Any ideas how I can get the correct orientation of landscape figure on landscape page with the caption under the  (attached for reference)?  I also need to use LaTeX rather that pdfLaTeX for another package to function. Environment variables in Mac OS X Update: The link below does not have a complete answer. Having to set the path or variable in two places (one for GUI and one for shell) is lame.  Not Duplicate of:     Coming from a Windows background where it's very easy to set and modify environment variables (just go to System Properties > Advanced > Environment Variables), it does not seem to be that straight forward on Mac OS 10.5. Most references say I should update /etc/profile or ~/.profile. Are those the equivalent of System Variables and User Variables? For example, where should I set my JAVA_HOME variable?    EDIT:  I want to be able to access the variable from the terminal as well as an app like Eclipse. Also, I hope I don't have to restart/logout to make this take effect. Non-algebraically closed field in which every polynomial of degree $<n$ has a root My problem is to build, for every prime $p$, a field of characteristic $p$ in which every polynomial of degree $\leq n$ ($n$ a fixed natural number) has a root, but such that the field is not algebraically closed.  If I'm not wrong (please correct me if I am) such a field cannot be finite, by counting arguments. But on the other hand, the union of all finite fields (or of any ascending chain of finite fields) of characteristic $p$, which is what I get if I start with $F_p$ and add a root to each polynomial of degree $\leq n$ in each step, is the algebraic closure of $F_p$, hence algebraically closed. I don't see how I can control this process so that in the end I get a field that is not algebraically closed.  Any hint will be welcome. Thanks in advance. Scale settings for exporting to STL (for 3d printing) How do I audit my reputation? If I am concerned that my reputation score is incorrect, how can I audit it, or get a report of a detailed breakdown of my reputation? Uniform convergence for sequences of functions Could it be that Goldbach conjecture is undecidable? Is it possible to wipe an entire iCloud Photo Library? I've been using the beta iCloud Photo Library for a week and a bunch of photos got duplicated and I'd like to wipe all the photos out and start over.  I have backups of all the photos and have turned off iPhoto Cloud Library on all iOS devices. When I log into the web app - it still shows dozens of albums and I can delete all the photos, then go to deleted items and then purge them, but the ghost albums are still there messing things up.  I've turned off the library entirely and you can see there is a 30 day waiting period.     If I click on albums, there are pages of them and no delete button anywhere. If I turn on the library on an iOS device, data starts flooding back as if I wanted to recover the photos.  I don't want to recover anything, I want a clean wipe and clean slate.  Currently, there are 7807 photos in the deleted album and no way to mass delete them. I have 31 albums that show up in iCloud and no way to delete them.  Is there some way to accelerate this or must people wait a month for a corrupt library to eventually be purged to start over?  (I have tickets open with AppleCare after  and it's escalated to engineering, but I was informed that it might be a week or two before it gets seen :-( Perhaps someone has a better idea to clear things out or noticed something I've missed.) Answers no longer sorted by score/votes Why does the order of summation of the terms of an infinite series influence its value? I was looking through my lecture notes and got puzzled by the following fact: if we want to find the value of some infinite series we are allowed to rearrange only the finite number of its terms. To visualize this consider the alternating harmonic series: $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty(-1)^{k-1}\frac1k=1-\frac12+\frac13-\frac14+\frac15-+\dots=0.693147...$$  But if we rearrange the terms as follows the value of the series gets influenced by this action: $$1+\frac13-\frac12+\frac15+\frac17-\frac14+\dots=1.03972...$$  So commutativity of addition isn't true on infinity? How was it obtained and how can it be proved? How to automatically rotate images based on EXIF data? Do downvotes on Meta truly mean something different? I've got a Canon EOS camera that takes a BP-511 battery.  The specs on the battery are 7.4V and 1100mAh.  The battery is dead and I want to buy a replacement, but I'm looking at a third party battery, because it's much cheaper than the Canon branded one.  I've found one with very high reviews online, and it seems identical except that it's rated at 1500mAh instead of 1100mAh.  So the question is: is this difference important to the camera or not? Where's the summary of your own suggested edits? Possible Duplicate:          Most commands I use in linux behave exactly the same whether I include the trailing slash / character on the end of a directory name or not.  For example:  ls /home/cklein ls /home/cklein/  cp foo bar cp foo/ bar/   When does this trailing slash matter?  What is the semantic meaning of the trailing slash?