I was reading The Deathly Hallows (again) recently and a question popped up in my mind: did Dolores Umbridge, who worked as the head of the Muggleborn Registration Commission, know that the Ministry had fallen to the hands of You-Know-Who? Or for that matter, did others working for the Ministry, apart from members of the Order, know that the Ministry was acting on behalf of orders from Voldemort and his Death Eaters??  I know Voldemort had not appeared until now...he was creating an air of mystery and fear. But with so many Death Eaters weaving in and out of the Ministry, mass breakouts from Azkaban, all of the policies oppressing the Muggleborns, and given all the shocking developments at Hogwarts, it should have been easy to guess that The Dark Lord was behind all this.  Was Umbridge aware that Voldemort was secretly controlling the Ministry of Magic?
I noticed that Dolores Umbridge was born during the first Wizarding War, so it's very likely she wasn't a Death Eater then (but she is pretty evil -- who knows?).  After that Voldemort was not around in a way that could affect many people, and most wouldn't know he was planning to rise again.  During that time, and up through Voldemort's return (in Goblet of Fire), did Umbridge have any connection with the Death Eaters or with Voldemort?  Was she doing what she did on her own, or was it because of an association with Voldemort or his allies?
When and what cause Voldemort to look the way he does, vs how we've seen him as a teen? As the title says, when and what made Voldemort look the way he does (pale, snake-like etc) as opposed to how we've seen him in his earlier years as Tom Riddle? Is it just a side effect of his unnatural resurrection? Before he died attacking Harry as a baby did he look like a normal guy? system() has been disabled error message The  is the difference between the distances travelled by two waves meeting at a point. Given the path difference, how does one calculate the phase difference? Matrix of Linear Transformation by right multiplication I am trying to solve the following problem:   Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ matrix, and let $V$ denote the space of $n$-dimensional row vectors. What is the matrix of the linear operator ‘‘right multiplication by $A$’’ with respect to the standard basis of $V$?  I am not sure where to begin with this problem. I keep having to re-install Ubuntu after trying advice.  This is very frustrating.  All I want is to boot to a Linux command prompt.  Please help! Total width of element (including padding and border) in jQuery As in the subject, how can one get the total width of an element, including its border and padding, using jQuery?  I've got the jQuery dimensions plugin, and running .width() on my 760px-wide, 10px padding DIV returns 760.  Perhaps I'm doing something wrong, but if my element manifests itself as 780 pixels wide and Firebug tells me that there's 10px padding on it, but calling .width() only gives 760, I'd be hard pressed to see how.  Thanks for any suggestions. Humanity meeting another similar intelligent life form deep into space (or not)? I'm looking for a plot line (it should be a short story) that depicts Earth population (or their close descendants) establishing contact with another intelligent life form deep into space.   After careful studying of DNA samples and language / communication symbols they then realize that the civilization in question is also from Earth but that they departed very long ago and travelled throughout the galaxy in the completely opposite direction so that they are now meeting practically at the point of the circle opposite to Earth. There might have been some anatomical differences as well.  As far as I can remember, the story concludes shortly after that.  This should be a work of a well-known SF author, so I'm hoping for a quick response (if time didn't corrupt my memory too much).  I don't think it was part of an anthology, but it's entirely possible it was in a magazine.  As for the timeline, I've read it about 2-3 years ago, but since I have a passion for older SF works it might not be of much use.  Edit: Not sure if this could help but for what it's worth, it might be contained in . $\mathbb{R}$ \ $\mathbb{Q}$ and $\mathbb{R}^2\setminus\mathbb{Q}^2$ disconnected? If I want to prove that $\mathbb{R} \setminus \mathbb{Q}$ is disconnected, does it suffice to say that there are two open disjoint sets that cover $\mathbb{R}\setminus\mathbb{Q}$, namely:  $$(- \infty, 0), (0, \infty)\text{ ?}$$  Along the same lines, I want to prove or disprove that $S = \mathbb{R}^2 \setminus \mathbb{Q}^2$ (points $(x, y) \in S$ that have at least one irrationais connected. I feel that it is also disconnected; does it suffice to say that there are two open disjoint sets that cover $S = \mathbb{R}^2 \setminus \mathbb{Q}^2$, namely $((- \infty, - \infty), (0, 0))$ and $((0, 0), (\infty, \infty))$? (Very iffy on my assertion and my notation, sorry.)  Thanks! How to solve "permission denied" when using sudo with redirection in Bash? When using sudo to allow edits to files, I regularly get 'permission denied'.  For example, my mouse is jittery and sluggish, so I want to disable polling:  sudo echo "options drm_kms_helper poll=N"&gt;/etc/modprobe.d/local.conf   I'm prompted for a password, and then get:  bash: /etc/modprobe.d/local.conf: Permission denied   So I tried to do a temporary change to disable polling by using:  sudo echo N&gt; /sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/poll   Yet again the system responded with:  bash: /sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/poll: Permission denied   Any ideas? Schengen refusal formulae can be difficult to understand sometimes.  Sometimes an applicant receives a refusal with:       Justification for the purpose and conditions of the intended stay was not reliable.     often accompanied by:       Your intention to leave the territory of the Member States before the expiry of the visa applied for could not be ascertained.   What is meant by this refusal reason?  What are they trying to say? $G$ a group and $H, K\mathrel{\unlhd}G$. Assuming that $H \cap K = \{1_G\}$ and $G = \langle H, K \rangle$, prove that $G \cong H \times K$ I am trying to prove the following statement:     Let $G$ be a group and $H, K\mathrel{\unlhd}G$. Assuming that $H \cap K =  \{1_G\}$ and $G = \langle H, K \rangle$, prove that $G \cong H \times K$.   From this, we get that $HK \cong H \times K$. Naturally, it would be ideal if I could prove that $HK \cong G$. One issue that I am facing here is the meaning of $G = \langle H, K \rangle$. How is this defined (I mean, more explicitly)? Is my strategy correct or I stupidly ran sudo rm /* followed by sudo rm -R /*  My sites still run, although the vast majority of commands like ls are now broken.  Is there a simple way to get data off the server or reverse some of damage? Generating correlated binomial random variables I was wondering if it might be possible to generate correlated random binomial variables following a linear transformation approach?  Below, I tried something simple in R and it produces some correlation. But I was wondering if there is a principled way to do this?  X1 = rbinom(1e4, 6, .5) ; X2 = rbinom(1e4, 6, .5) ;  X3 = rbinom(1e4, 6, .5) ; a = .5  Y1 = X1 + (a*X2) ; Y2 = X2 + (a*X3) ## Y1 and Y2 are supposed to be correlated  cor(Y1, Y2) I have a char in c#:  char foo = '2';   Now I want to get the 2 into an int.  I find that Convert.ToInt32 returns the actual decimal value of the char and not the number 2.  The following will work:  int bar = Convert.ToInt32(new string(foo, 1));   int.parse only works on strings as well.    Is there no native function in C# to go from a char to int without making it a string?  I know this is trivial but it just seems odd that there's nothing native to directly make the conversion. What did my neural network just learn? What features does it care about and why? Give an example of a relation R on $A^2$ which is reflexive, symmetric, and not transitive a year on: what does it mean? PLease, dear native English speakers, help me to understand the meaning of the expression "a year on" within the context "The reality is that, a year on, a true 4K standard is still very much a work in progress..." Thank you a lot! How to add something to PATH ? I have added like   PATH=$PATH:/home/example export PATH   and it works until I restart , after that when  I type env in PATH there is no /home/example. How many $m\times n$ tables are there if they are subject to the following two conditions?    In each cell of the table we have $1$ or $-1$. The product of all the cells in any given row and the product of all cells in any given column equals $-1$.    I already know if Parity of $m$ and $n$ are different there is no such a table. what is the answer in general? How to concatenate text from multiple rows into a single text string in SQL server?