I have a website that is translated in various languages including French. These pages aren't using Google Translate or any other third party script to do the translations. They have been manually translated.  So on the French's contact us page, I have a php contact form for visitors to fill in. There's french text on the contact us page and I have no problems with character encoding unlike the image below. When the form has been filled in successfully, an automatic message pops up BUT because the french language has special characters, those special characters in the success message have diamond shaped boxes with question marks in it:    MY CODE:  In the header of my contact page I have:  &lt;meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /&gt;   In my PHP form which generates the success message (obviously javascript is used to display the message), I have (this is just a snippet of my entire php code however I think this part is what matters most):  $msg = wordwrap( $msg, 70 );  $headers = "From: $email\r\nBCC:{$bcc}\r\n" . PHP_EOL; $headers .= "Reply-To: $email" . PHP_EOL; $headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0" . PHP_EOL; $headers .= "Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8" . PHP_EOL; $headers .= 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit'. "\n\r\n" . PHP_EOL;  if(mail($address, $e_subject, $msg, $headers)) {    echo "&lt;div class='success'&gt;";  echo "&lt;h6&gt;Nous vous remercions de votre demande.&lt;/h6&gt;";  echo "&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NB:&lt;/strong&gt; Si vous n'avez pas reçu une réponse dans 24 heures, veuillez vérifier votre &lt;u style='font-weight:bold'&gt;boîte spam&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;";  echo "&lt;div class='close'&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;";  echo "&lt;/div&gt;";    } else {   echo 'ERROR!'; // Dont Edit.   }   Note in the code above:  $headers .= "Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8" . PHP_EOL;   I suspect and assume that this is where my problem lies:  charset=utf-8   WHAT I'VE DONE IS:  1) I've tried changing my contact page's http-equiv="Content-Type" to  &lt;meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"&gt;   2) and in my php header:  $headers .= "Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" . PHP_EOL;   These changes don't work and unfortunately my research on SO isn't getting me closer to a solution (considering everyone's situation is a little different than to perhaps mine). I'm not sure if this header is of any concern?:  $headers .= 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit'. "\n\r\n" . PHP_EOL;   I appreciate your help and guidance.
I'm setting up a new server and want to support UTF-8 fully in my web application. I have tried this in the past on existing servers and always seem to end up having to fall back to ISO-8859-1.  Where exactly do I need to set the encoding/charsets? I'm aware that I need to configure Apache, MySQL, and PHP to do this — is there some standard checklist I can follow, or perhaps troubleshoot where the mismatches occur?  This is for a new Linux server, running MySQL 5, PHP, 5 and Apache 2.
Contribute to bounty? If you, for example, have to add a person to an application whilst that person is on the phone, how do you politely ask for that person's gender if the voice and/or name has not proven decisive?  To clarify why I posted this question on this site: I was looking for an answer within the context of the English language and usage. The given answers have proven that this question really isn't off-topic, other languages know different distinctions that are relevant to addressing this issue. 5v output to 3.3v? I have a microcontroller and a Raspberry Pi, both running off of the same 5v supply, in parallel. The microcontroller has 4 5v output pins and the other is a Raspberry Pi, that can only accept inputs of 3.3v and less.    Obviously I cannot directly connect the outputs to the inputs - that'll fry the Raspberry Pi.    How can I connect 5v outputs to the GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi? What LaTeX markup would one have to write to produce a result similar to the image below?    Please excuse my Paint-and-mouse drawing skills. :-) How is Faulhaber's formula derived? While studying rotational mechanics, I came across a section where it mentioned that angular momentum may not necessarily be parallel to angular velocity. My thoughts were as follows:  Angular momentum ($L$) has the relation $L=I\omega$ where $\omega$ is angular velocity and $I$ is the moment of inertia, so following this relation, it seems they should be in the same direction. Why are they not? Let's say we have this code for a LWC:  &lt;!-- helloExpressions.html --&gt; &lt;template&gt;     &lt;div class="slds-m-around_medium"&gt;         &lt;lightning-input name='firstName' label="First Name" onchange={handleChange}&gt;&lt;/lightning-input&gt;         &lt;lightning-input name='lastName' label="Last Name" onchange={handleChange}&gt;&lt;/lightning-input&gt;         &lt;p class="slds-m-top_medium"&gt;Uppercased Full Name: {uppercasedFullName}&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/template&gt;   and this is the JS file:  // helloExpressions.js import { LightningElement, track } from 'lwc';  export default class HelloExpressions extends LightningElement {     @track firstName = '';     @track lastName = '';      handleChange(event) {         const field = event.target.name;         if (field === 'firstName') {             this.firstName = event.target.value;         } else if (field === 'lastName') {             this.lastName = event.target.value;         }     }      get uppercasedFullName() {         return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`.toUpperCase();     } }   firstName and lastName have been decorated with @track. Now as per the documentation, decorating a property with @track makes it private and reactive, while to mark a property public and reactive, use @api.  So if I just change the decorator to @api for both these variables, it should work. I am referring these from the same component only. But it's not working.  UPDATE: 27th Feb -------------------- Somehow it's working today. I just changed the decorator of the variables to api.  import { LightningElement, api } from 'lwc';  export default class HelloExpressions extends LightningElement {     @api firstName = '';     @api lastName = '';      handleChange(event) {         const field = event.target.name;         if (field === 'firstName') {             this.firstName = event.target.value;         } else if (field === 'lastName') {             this.lastName = event.target.value;         }     }      get uppercasedFullName() {         return `${this.firstName} ${this.lastName}`.toUpperCase();     } }   So it's working. How to create a Gant-Chart in LaTeX-Beamer I am trying to create a Gant-Chart in Beamer. I found the following example:   \documentclass{beamer}  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{pgfgantt}  \title{Sample title} \author{Anonymous} \institute{Overleaf} \date{2019}   \begin{document}  \frame{\titlepage} \begin{frame}{Gant-Chart}     \begin{ganttchart}[vgrid, hgrid,                         bar/.append style={fill=blue!80},                        milestone/.append style={fill=green}]{1}{15}         \gantttitle{2019}{15} \\         \gantttitlelist{1,...,15}{1} \\         \ganttbar{Task 1}{1}{2} \\         \ganttmilestone{Milestone}{7} \ganttnewline         \ganttbar{Final Task}{8}{12}     \end{ganttchart} \end{frame}    \end{document}   Now, I want to change it slightly. The first row shows the year. I want the second row to show months. And then the third row shows the number of weeks that I have planned for the task. Also, I don't want to see any arrows, but just have the rectangles. Is there a way to add a grid? Basically I want everything to just look as in an Excel-Table: Grids and then color the rectangles during which I am working.   Here is an example of what I would like to have:   Can somebody show me how to do this?   Here is another example that seems to get pretty close to what I want. Only in the week-row now it is always written "week 1", "week 2" and so on. I just want the number.   \begin{frame} \begin{figure}[h!bt]     \begin{center}         \begin{ganttchart}[             vgrid={*{6}{draw=none}, dotted},             x unit=.08cm,             y unit title=.6cm,             y unit chart=.6cm,             time slot format=isodate,             time slot format/start date=2019-02-01]{2019-02-01}{2019-07-31}             \ganttset{bar height=.6}             \gantttitlecalendar{year, month=name, week} \\             \ganttbar[bar/.append style={fill=blue}]{Task 1}{2019-02-11}{2019-02-17}\\         \end{ganttchart}     \end{center}     \caption{Time Plan} \end{figure} \end{frame} How does one attack a two-time pad (i.e. one time pad with key reuse)? My question might appear the same as the question , but actually I did read all the answers and none of them helped me with the details I need.  I am new to cryptography and my problem is with two time pad attacks on OTP. The problem I had in my course was that I have 10 ciphertexts encrypted with the same key $K$. I am then given another ciphertext that I should decrypt.  I know that XOR-ing two ciphers gives me the XOR of their original messages.  My question is what is the correct thing to do after that?  I tried to take 3 ciphertexts $C_1, C_2$ and $C_3$.  Then get $S_1 = C_1 \oplus C_2  \oplus $' ', also get $S_2 = C_1 \oplus C_3 \oplus$ ' '.  After that I compared all corresponding characters in $S_1$ and $S_2$,  and if $S_1[i] = S_2[i]$ then I calculate $S_1[i] \oplus C_2[i]$ to get $K[i]$.  I tried this on paper before coding and it worked, but I might be missing something.  Is this the right approach? Why does it work? How can I change the default program installation directory in Windows 7? Windows 7 is installed on my C drive, which is quite small.  I am very tired of instructing new programs to put their files on my larger D drive during installation; I would like to change the default drive.   says that you can use a registry hack, but I am giving Microsoft the benefit of the doubt and naively assuming that a configuration option exists somewhere.  It's 2010... do I really have to hack my registry to make a simple tweak like this?  Also, there's a  that explains how to move the "Users" directory and create a symlink, which could also work.  However, at the moment I have some apps in C:\Program Files, some apps in C:\Program Files (x86), and some apps in the corresponding folders on D:\, so it would be a hassle.  Also, my small OS boot drive is a 10k RPM WD Raptor, and I feel like that probably gives a speed boost to apps installed on it that need to read &amp; write to their directories a bunch.  I wonder if it actually matters. Stack Exchange & Area 51 sign up/ log in update network connection over thunderbolt bridge between linux and mac How do you get a bad transcript past Ph.D. admissions? Is there a way to "auto login" in PuTTY with a password? Is there a way to configure a password for a stored session in ?  I know there is the capability to specify an "auto-login username" (under Connection/Data), but is there a way to do the same with the password? I deleted the "/etc/passwd" file and cannot log in I was trying to change my username and also my home directory (/home/username) and my system started to crash. I deleted the passwd file but I had a backup named passwd_bkp. I tried to rename this passwd_bkp as passwd and it did not work. No commands were being executed... I was in a terminal window.   I restarted my system and now I cannot log in. GRUB gives two options: Linux and recovery mode.   I tried to open a sessions as root but it says the filesystem is corrupted. I cannot access my files.  Did I lose all my files? Why is $\frac{1}{\infty } \approx 0 $ and $ \frac{1}{0} = {\infty}$? First I have checked the search option but found nothing relevant to my problem and also level of math. I just started learning the language of mathematics, on my own and I have trouble understanding why  $  \frac{1}{\infty } \approx 0 $ and  why $\frac{1}{0} = {\infty}$?  I want to know how exactly do I get to these answers. It might sound strange but it's hard for me as a beginner to picture things like this on my own. Logical volume is not mounted but is in use. Please close all applications using this device (eg iscsi) Please add close flags, duplicate links and review data to the public data dump Why does this happen with Longclaw? Spoilers ahead for "Beyond the Wall" (Game of Thrones, S07E06)  Toward the end of the episode, "Beyond the Wall" (Game of Thrones, S07E06), we see a close-up shot of Longclaw        Then, once Jon Snow emerges from the water, Longclaw appears to be opening its eyes        You can get a much better picture of it .  Is this an Easter Egg from the Visual Effects department, or is there an in-universe explanation behind this?  Or was this not planned at all by the production team, and this is merely a coincidental, accidental lighting/water effect, that just happens to be timed with the dramatic tension of Jon Snow possibly being dead, and the relief of him being alive? Making a div vertically scrollable using CSS