animals and society terms I am doing a paper on native Americans totem animals and how the native Americans give animal characteristics to the human and was wondering what is the scientific word for this?
Word for giving animal characteristics (esp. physical ones) to humans I am writing a paper about Art Spiegelman's Maus, specifically the metaphor that Spiegelman creates by depicting his obviously quite human characters with the heads of various animals, or a couple times animal masks. The metaphor is used at times to bestialize/animalize the acts of the Nazis and, in some cases, to show the arbitrary nature of the classes/groups/divisions they and others applied to human beings.  I considered "chremamorphism," but this describes the attribution of the characteristics of an object to, or the objectification of, a human. I also considered "animalize" and "bestialize," but those describe some of the effects that can be produced by Spiegelman's metaphor, not the metaphor itself - in many scenes in the book, the characters are extremely human, and I think that the negative or degrading connotations of these words makes them inappropriate for this use. Nor do "anthropomorphism" or "personification" fit, because Spiegelman is not applying human characteristics to animals but the other way around. None of the words that I can think of quite fit.  What is a word that accurately describes Art Spiegelman's depiction of obviously human characters as having animal body parts or wearing animal masks in the comic book Maus?
Rank of the $n \times n$ matrix with ones on the main diagonal and $a$ off the main diagonal I want to find the rank of this $n\times n$ matrix \begin{pmatrix} 1 &amp; a &amp; a &amp; \cdots &amp; \cdots &amp; a \\ a &amp; 1 &amp; a &amp; \cdots &amp; \cdots &amp; a \\ a &amp; a &amp; 1 &amp; a &amp; \cdots &amp; a \\ \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; a&amp; \ddots &amp; &amp; \vdots\\ \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; &amp; \ddots &amp; \vdots \\ a &amp; a &amp; a &amp; \cdots  &amp;\cdots &amp; 1 \end{pmatrix}  that is, the matrix whose diagonals are $1's$ and $a$ otherwise, where $a$ is any real number.  My first observation is when $a=0$ the rank is $n$ and when $a=1$ the rank is $1.$ Then I can assume $a\neq 0, 1$ and proceed row reduction to find its pivot rows. I obtain  \begin{pmatrix} 1 &amp; a &amp; a &amp; \cdots  &amp; a \\ 0 &amp; 1+a &amp; a &amp; \cdots &amp; a \\ 0 &amp; a &amp; 1+a &amp; \cdots &amp; a \\ \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; \ddots &amp; \vdots \\ 0 &amp; a &amp; a &amp; \cdots  &amp; 1+a \end{pmatrix} by subtracting the first row multiplied $a$ for each row below the first, and then divides the factor $(1-a)$,  and stuck there. Any hints/helps? Difference between staticmethod and classmethod How is the width of a slit related to the intensity of light passing through it? Here's a question I got in my final exam this morning. &quot;If in Young's double-slit experiment setup, the ratio of the intensity of the bright spot to the dark spot is 25:9, what is the ratio of the width of the slits?&quot; Here's what I did. Since the ratio of intensity at the bright and dark spots is 25:9, the ratio of amplitudes there must 5:3. Which means the amplitude of one wave is 4 times the other. Now, knowing that the amplitude of light through the wider slit is 4 times the amplitude of light through the narrower slit, how can I determine the ratio of the slits' width? Problem  Let $n \geq 3$ be an odd number and let $G=\{1,...,2n\}$ be a group of order $2n$. Let $\phi:G \to S_{2n}$ be the morphism defined by $\phi(g_i)(g_j)=g_ig_j$ and let $H=\phi^{-1}(A_{2n})$. Show that $H$ is a proper normal subgroup of $G$.  So basically the result of this problem is that every group of order $2n$, with $n$ odd, is not simple.   The morphism $\phi$ can be seen as the action of $G$ on itself by left multiplication. Since $A_{2n} \lhd S_{2n}$, then $H=\phi^{-1}(A_{2n}) \lhd G$. I am stuck at showing that $H \neq \{1\},G$. All I could think of is that $G$ has an element $g$ of order $2$, then $\phi(g)$ is of order $1$ or $2$, but it is easy to see that $\phi(g)=1$ if and only if $g=1$, so $ord(\phi(g))=2$. I don't know which are the elements of order two in $S_{2n}$. I would appreciate some help to solve the problem, thanks in advance. I´m having some trouble with my udev rule. At the moment, I had my udev rule setup to execute a script whenever a Android phone is connected to any USB port on the computer. But I don´t want the script to be executed from every USB port. I just want that the script to be execute in example when the phone is connected to the 4th USB port and nothing should happen when it is connected to 1st, 2nd or 3rd USB port.  How can I achieve that and how can I determine the for example 4th USB Port?  I would highly appreciate your help.  My current udev rule:  KERNELS="1-2:1.1", ACTION=="add", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", ATTRS{idVendor}!="1d6b", ATTRS{idVendor}!="203a", ATTRS{idVendor}=="****", ATTRS{idProduct}=="****", RUN+="/usr/local/bin/tmp.sh $attr{serial}" Is it possible that by mutation a human could see infrared or other 'colours'? Incoming light reacts with the several types of cone cells in the eye. In humans, there are three types of cones sensitive to three different spectra, resulting in trichromatic color vision. Each individual cone contains pigments composed of opsin apoprotein, which is covalently linked to either 11-cis-hydroretinal or more rarely 11-cis-dehydroretina.  The opsins (photopigments) present in the L and M cones are encoded on the X chromosome.  A very small percentage of women may have an extra type of color receptor because they have different alleles for the gene for the L opsin on each X chromosome. X chromosome inactivation means that only one opsin is expressed in each cone cell, and some women may therefore show a degree of tetrachromatic color vision. Tetrachromacy is also demonstrated among several species of birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles and insects.  Humans cannot see ultraviolet light directly because the lens of the eye blocks most light in the wavelength range of 300–400 nm.  So, besides above mentioned exceptions, is it possible due to mutations or genetic engineering to see UV or infrared. What kind of mutations should be made or are the changes to be made in the opsines to big to create 'alien' eyes? How do I tell which point-and-shoot cameras take good low light photos? I have a Canon Powershot A710 and I previously had a previous Powershot A-series model. I love them due to the high amount of control they offer. Sadly, they both suck in low light conditions, their flash is very unresponsive, and the camera takes several seconds preparing itself for the next shot after a flash shot. And even then, the pictures they take in low light/flash are as bad as good are those with good light.  I'd like a camera which gives a lot of control options, but what do I need to look for to find one that's great in low light, with or without flash? Flag and close my own question Why is it possible to flag and close my own question?   The only realistic usage I could think of is when I see that my question is a duplicate, but it has already got some great answers. So instead of deleting the question, I would vote to close it as a duplicate.   But still, I can't see how flagging my own question would be useful. Long sites break the layout on the front page The long name pushes the stats to a weird place. And what's with the "Stack Exchange" at the end anyway? BasicTeX - how to identify packages that need to be added after an upgrade I'm using the BasicTeX distribution on OS X and recently upgrade from the 2011 to the 2012 distribution. This forces me to add the packages that I had added over time to the BasixTeX 2011 installation by pulling them from the online repository with tlmgr. Is there a good way to list these packages that are not part of BasicTeX but are part of the complete TeXLive? Can I play Minecraft Java if I only buy the Windows 10 version I do not own Minecraft outside my PS4, I know I can't play either Windows 10 or Java with that purchase. However, my primary computer is Linux and only supports the Java edition, and its past the deadline to get a redeem code for Windows 10 edition if I purchase the Java Edition.    Can I purchase the Windows 10 edition and use that purchase to login and play on the Java edition? Automatic left and right commands Is it possible to automatically "add" \left and \right commands in front of all brackets? The source code should be left intact, but LaTeX should interpret every pair of brackets as if they were preceded by such commands. This is because adding \left and \right commands is time consuming and makes source code longer and less readable. I considered defining new commands such as \lb and \rb for \left( and \right), but it doesn't seem very elegant to me: what if I also want to add square brackets for example?  Any ideas? Thanks. Reducing Lion OS Footprint by removing unnecessary files/folders I am trying to downsize my iMac 640Gb disk to make it fit onto a 120Gb (113Gb usable) SSD.  The total size of use files is currently approximately 340Gb, of which my home folder accounts for 265Gb (which I intend to not put on the SSD, or at least not all of it).  Very rough calculations suggest that my OS and application files are taking up roughly 75Gb, which puts me approximately 2/3rds full - not bad.  But, I would like to reduce this a little further if possible, to ensure that as and when I continue to use the computer (and I have a number of large apps that do not currently have installed including music production apps with a lot of data) I am not worried about running out of space on the boot drive.  To this end I already own XSlimmer which I will use periodically to remove PowerPC and language variants from my apps, but I was wondering if there are any areas of the Base OS that I can safely remove to save further space?  I am thinking about things like OS localisation, the location of the included screensavers and wallpapers, the voice files that are used for text-to-speech etc.  Is there a significant amount of such data that can be easily removed to save a few extra Gb on the boot disk? How can a question banned user fix their questions if they're deleted? If a user is question banned  and the , how can the user fix this on their own?  Until recently, advice has been to improve their questions, but since they can't see the questions on their question screen, they can't improve them:     Feature request: Allow a question banned user to see their own deleted questions, or warn them that deleting questions could lead to a question ban. I am doing , and am having a few problems with function notation. I understand the form f(x).  What does the form f: x ↦ y mean? Could you also give one or two examples?  And, if possible, state your source. Thank you. How to access the Keyboard Layout Options in 13.10+ What are path and contour integrals? I am very confused on what path and contour integrals actually represent. I tried looking for an answer on Google but the only examples were related to Quantum Mechanics. For instance, real Riemann integrals can be thought as &quot;the area under the curve&quot;. What about path/contour integrals? Also, is there a difference between path and contour integrals, or are they the same thing? I've been thinking of contour integrals as path integrals where the path is a &quot;closed loop&quot;, but I'm not sure if that's the case. It's all so confusing, and not being able to visualise these concepts makes it feel like I'm just memorising formulas and theorems without any reason. I have been thinking about path integrals as integrating over a curve in three dimensions. For example, in an $xyz$ coordinate system (with $y$ pointing “up”), we have a path on the $x$-&quot;$z$&quot; plane and integrate over that path. That is, instead of integrating over and along &quot;$y=0$&quot;, we integrate over a certain path. But I don't know if this is a correct way to think of path integrals. This issue has been frustrating me a lot because I'm now studying theorems that involve path/contour integrals and I just can't understand what they really do or mean. By path integral I mean $$\int_{\gamma\vert_{[a,b]}}f(z)\hspace{0.2em}dz = \int_{a}^{b}f(\gamma(t))\cdot\gamma'(t)\hspace{0.2em}dt$$ where $f:U\subseteq\mathbb{C}\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ is a function that satisfies all conditions for complex integration and $\gamma:[a,b]\rightarrow U\subseteq\mathbb{C}$ is at least a piece-wise regular path. Any help would be appreciated. Given Newton's third law, why is there motion at all? Should not all forces even themselves out, so nothing moves at all? When I push a table using my finger, the table applies the same force onto my finger like my finger does on the table just with an opposing direction, nothing happens except that I feel the opposing force. But why can I push a box on a table by applying force ($F=ma$) on one side, obviously outbalancing the force the box has on my finger and at the same time outbalancing the friction the box has on the table? I obviously have the greater mass and acceleration as for example the matchbox on the table and thusly I can move it, but shouldn't the third law prevent that from even happening? Shouldn't the matchbox just accommodate to said force and applying the same force to me in opposing direction? Book series where they collect either stones or gems I'm looking for a fantasy book I read about 10 years ago. I don't remember a lot of it, but there are a few things I still know:   The setting was in medieval times. There was no traveling dimensions. I can't recall whether there was magic or not. It wasn't on Earth, but on some invented world. I believe it was a trilogy, with a focus on the son of some nobility. The goal for the characters was to collect a certain number of stones or gems (I believe there were 5 of them), all in certain colours. Every stone has a certain power attached to it. I believe it started out with one or two characters, but the group grew and every character had a certain colour stone at the end. What is important about the gems is that they are unique. It's not part of a bigger magic system, but they are artefacts from somewhere.   There are some minor incidents I can recall vividly:   They build up a fellowship with some stereotypical fantasy builds: an old school fighter, a minstrel, a female archer and probably more. At one point, they mention that if one of the guards in a country falls asleep on duty, he will be kept awake by his garrison/brothers in arms for seven days. At some point the minstrel falls asleep, and the old fighter teaches him how to stay awake. They travel through a forest full of leeches and other insects to reach one of the stones. Also, I seem to recall there was a member of an underground evil organisation among the nobility, who tried to poison someone and were able to do that because they built up an immunity to the poison.   Does anyone has a clue what this series might be?   Suggestions by kind people, but not what I'm looking for, are:   The Seventh Tower Deltora Quest Diadem Westria Sword of Heavens series $E(|X-Y|)$ for $X$, $Y$ i.i.d and uniform on $[0,1]$ What is $E|X-Y|$ when $X$, $Y$ are i.i.d and uniform on $[0,1]$?   I want to do something like   $$ E(|X-Y|)=\iint_{x&gt;y}(x-y)\;dxdy+\iint_{y&gt;x}(y-x)\;dxdy=2\iint_{x&gt;y} (x-y)\;dxdy $$  But am not sure how to solve that last double integral or if this setup is right.