I want to obtain an increase in the size of nested parenthesis with a single command like \left and \right, something like the right term of  but using the code used for the left term. (The image is created using \left(1 + \left(f(x),g(x)\right)\right) and \Big(1 + \big(f(x),g(x)\big)\Big)) I could simply use \bib, \Big, ... but I don't want to keep track of the content all the time. I have no clue how to define a new set of \left and \right for this purpose.
As I prefer outer parentheses to grow larger in nested expressions, I happen to insert \bigl and \bigr and its larger cousins a lot. I have always wondered whether there is a way to do this automagically.  Inserting \left and \right prophylacticly before all opening and closing parentheses and hoping that it sorts things out doesn't do the trick in all cases as seen below.  The left column is without any size changing commands. The middle column as a \left \right pair at every parentheses/brace/bracket and the rightmost column shows my preferred version.    As seen in the middle column of the second and third line the \left and \right pair sometimes makes the outer parentheses larger, on the cost of an extra horizontal space between \Pr and (. The extra space is fine in case of really big opening parentheses but here I'd prefer the regular spacing.  \documentclass{scrartcl} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \begin{document} \begin{align*} &amp;1-(1-F(x))^n&amp;&amp;1-\left(1-F(x)\right)^n&amp;&amp;1-\bigl(1-F(x)\bigr)^n\\ &amp;\Pr(X_{(1)}\le x)&amp;&amp;\Pr\left(X_{(1)}\le x\right)&amp;&amp;\Pr\bigl(X_{(1)}\le x\bigr)\\ &amp;\mathbb{E}[\min\{X_1,X_2\}]&amp;&amp;\mathbb{E}\left[\min\left\{X_1,X_2\right\}\right]&amp;&amp;\mathbb{E}\bigl[\min\left\{X_1,X_2\right\}\bigr]\\ &amp;\left(\pi-\arccos(\frac{y}{r})\right)&amp;&amp;(\pi-\arccos\left(\frac{y}{r}\right))&amp;&amp;\left(\pi-\arccos \left(\frac{y}{r}\right)\right) \end{align*} \end{document}   As mathematical expressions can be arbitrarly complex there is probably no general way to do this. But I’m not asking for a solution of the general case. A partial solution that works in the simple cases shown above would be a big help. The simple rule could be, that parentheses never shrink below the size of an inner pair. Of course you can immediately think of extensions like a \mid in a conditional expectation that grows with the size of the expectation’s brackets.  What is your preference regarding the size of nested parentheses? Is there a better way to archieve your preferred style despite inserting \bigl \bigr manually?    EDIT:  A colleague pointed me to section 8.3 of Herbert Voß’  document where size problems with parentheses are solved by playing with two TeX parameters within a group around the expression in question. This led naturally to appendix G of the TeXbook where the mechanics of \delimitershortfall and \delimiterfactor are explained.  \delimitershortfall specifies the maximum space not covered by a delimiter (default 5pt) and \delimiterfactor is the ratio for variable delimiters, times 1000 (default 901).  I used them to implement the never shrink below a subformular size idea from above by setting the shortfall to 0pt and the ratio to 1.0.    While it works nicely in line one and three, in line two and four the parentheses now grow too much, and still there is the extra horizontal space introduced by \left.
I'm very new to latex, and I've noticed that using a book class causes the text on one page to be on the right and then left on the next and so on. I'd like for it to all to be on the left or centered. How can I change this? What is the meaning of p values and t values in statistical tests? After taking a statistics course and then trying to help fellow students, I noticed one subject that inspires much head-desk banging is interpreting the results of statistical hypothesis tests.  It seems that students easily learn how to perform the calculations required by a given test but get hung up on interpreting the results.  Many computerized tools report test results in terms of "p values" or "t values".  How would you explain the following points to college students taking their first course in statistics:   What does a "p-value" mean in relation to the hypothesis being tested?  Are there cases when one should be looking for a high p-value or a low p-value? What is the relationship between a p-value and a t-value? Site-specific spellcheck? I often see misspelled words in titles and bodies of questions, only to see them spelled properly in the tags. I have to imagine that tags are always spelled right because it's hard to type arbitrary text into the tag box. I also have to imagine that sometimes autocorrect and spellcheck provided by browsers tend to turn programming terms and package names into English words. For example, see   Would it be possible to have some sort of spellchecker that compares text of titles (and maybe bodies) to known tags and offers some sort of correction (maybe red squiggles or something) when there's some statistical probability of a misspelling?  Since this would be using a site's tags, "magneto" would get corrected to "magento" on SO, while "magento" would get corrected to "magneto" on aviation.stackexchange.com.  In theory this could reduce a lot of stupid typos and prevent trivial edits just to fix the spelling of key words.  Note that this is not solving a problem that a user's browser can already solve because browsers ship with English dictionaries, not dictionaries of programming terms. In fact, it's potentially correcting a problem created by the browser (which might have already autocorrected "magento" to "magneto"). How do I stop my rim brakes making a squeaking/squealing sound? I bought a Schwinn Frontier Sport few months ago and started riding happily. After a few weeks my front rim brakes started creaking. It's so annoying in public places. My rear brake doesn't produce any sound but isn't as powerful as the front brake.  The retailer says cleaning would solve the front brake's issues and I got it cleaned, but nothing changed. Is there something I can do something myself to fix this? I am not mathematician by any means so this question might be rather stupid. I came across this Wikipedia article on  and found this bewildering formula,   $$1 + 2 + 3 + \dots  = - \frac1{12}$$  The article also says that "Ramanujan summation of a divergent series is not a sum in the traditional sense". I am wondering then what this summation actually implies?  Is there any interpretation of this confounding result in the physical world that someone not so math-savvy can understand? $1 \leq z \overline {z} \leq 4$ and $|\Im(z)|&lt;\Re (z)$  How can I solve this system of inequalities? ($\Im$ is the imaginary part and $\Re$ is the real part of a complex number).  I have tried so far: $z=x+yi$ and then I get $1 \leq x^2+y^2 \leq 4$ and $ |y|&lt;x$. How can I solve this? Followup to "".  It is argued that even a tiny residual charge would result in huge amounts of electricity in bulk matter, everything would be different, etc. I do not find that a convincing answer: suppose $n$ protons plus $n+1$ electrons are neutral. Why wouldn't we also expect there to be $n$ protons to every $n+1$ electrons? That is, there is no bulk matter problem if every $n$'th atom is a negative ion (for hydrogen).  Now, what empirical lower bound can we give for $n$ in that kind of scenario? Now that all SE sites have their own meta site, why doesn't Stack Apps have a meta?  Sure, Stack Apps is somewhat of a limited site (or rather, a site about a limited subject), so by some counts, it might not need a meta. However, I think there are some things that could be discussed about how Stack Apps should be run and there is no good place to do that now. Thus, I support the creation of a Stack Apps meta. Do we still need to avoid using frames and iframes for SEO? I thought frame and iframe were bad for SEO, but today I was doing a search for "numismatica" on Google.it.  The 3rd site is lemonete.com which is all made with frames. A competitor site (nummus.com) that has no frames ranks much lower when searching for the same word: "numismatica".  So can we use frames without taking an SEO hit now?  Any explanation (possibly simple) would be appreciated also about the fact the 2nd site ranks much lower. :) No matter where I look, I just can't find gnome number [insert number here]. Where can I find every gnome in the game? What is the status of existing measurements of the speed of gravity? I have 2 ADS1299 analog to digital converters(). I need to give them bipolar mode supplying but I must use a powerbank of 5V 3A. I wonder how can I create a bipolar supply of +2.5v -2.5v as mention in the datasheet from the 5V of the powerbank. I am new in this field. Thank you Cannot delete directory with Directory.Delete(path, true) I'm using .NET 3.5, trying to recursively delete a directory using:  Directory.Delete(myPath, true);   My understanding is that this should throw if files are in use or there is a permissions problem, but otherwise it should delete the directory and all of its contents.  However, I occasionally get this:  System.IO.IOException: The directory is not empty.     at System.IO.__Error.WinIOError(Int32 errorCode, String maybeFullPath)     at System.IO.Directory.DeleteHelper(String fullPath, String userPath, Boolean recursive)     at System.IO.Directory.Delete(String fullPath, String userPath, Boolean recursive)     ...   I'm not surprised that the method sometimes throws, but I'm surprised to get this particular message when recursive is true.  (I know the directory is not empty.)  Is there a reason I'd see this instead of AccessViolationException? JavaScript: document.getElementById slow performance? As expected, Nvidia drivers have reduced my customizations. I can't login to Unity 3D session. I can't find any content to help me to uninstall the driver and I don't know what to do as I have never uninstalled them before. SingleEmailMessage sending isn't working when called from Unit Test I have the following code:      public class OrderRequestCreationEmails {     public static void sendMail()     {          Messaging.reserveSingleEmailCapacity(2);         Messaging.SingleEmailMessage mail = new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage();         String[] toAddresses = new String[] {'dgriff@varonis.com'};           mail.setToAddresses(toAddresses);          mail.setReplyTo('dgriff@varonis.com');          mail.setSenderDisplayName('Mail Test');          mail.setSubject('Success! Mail Sent');          mail.setBccSender(false);         mail.setPlainTextBody('BODY');          Messaging.sendEmail(new Messaging.SingleEmailMessage[] { mail });     } }   I tried to call this function from a test as such: (I know its not an actual test, its just to see if I receive a mail).  @isTest private class CreationEmailsTest {     @isTest private static void sendMailTest() {         OrderRequestCreationEmails.sendMail();     } }   And I haven't received the mail, no idea why?  It's an example I took from the salesforce developer guide. couldn't find any answers online...  FYI - deliverability in the sandbox is turned on, and test deliverability works What are the guidelines for reviewing? About reviewing The review queues contain posts that possibly need further action from the community, like improvement, closure or deletion. By presenting those posts for peer-review, the system aims for higher quality content. Some user actions, such as suggesting an edit, casting a flag, close vote or reopen vote, or posting for the first time, can trigger the inclusion of a post on a review queue. There are also posts included on the queues algorithmically, such as the contents of Late Answers and Low Quality Posts. General guidelines  Always read the full post you are reviewing. Don't rush. Take the necessary time to read the post carefully. If you don't care about a post, just click Skip or Not sure. When you need more context, open the post link to see the question and all answers. Most posts coming up for review can be improved. Use the Edit option, and edit thoroughly. If you're unsure how to review a post (perhaps it's outside your areas of expertise), skip it. Someone who understands it better will review it later.  Guidelines for specific review queues         (Stack Overflow only) How do I update my TeX distribution? I'm trying to compile a document that only works with an up-to-date distribution, so I'd like to know: how do I update my distribution? Please provide screenshots where appropriate.  List of answers           To keep an eye on what’s going on at CTAN you may subscribe to the  or the RSS feed feed://www.mail-archive.com/ctan-ann@dante.de/maillist.xml Closure of the set of degree $n$ polynomials with $n$ real roots A very beautiful (but maybe classic) exercise:   Consider the set $\Omega_n$ of polynomials of degree $n$ with real coefficients and $n$ distinct real roots.   What is the closure of $\Omega_n$ in $R_n[x]$?  ($R_n[x]$ denotes the set of polynomials with real coefficients of degree at most $n$)    The answer is the set of polynomials in $R_n[x]$ all of whose roots are real, plus the constant polynomials. Showing that this set is contained in the closure is not too hard, however the reverse implication is more difficult and I'm wondering what is the most elementary method to prove it (without talking about holomorphic functions for example). I have a significant 2x2 interaction in a between-subjects design.  I would normally report omega-squared as my effect-size measure, but I've been asked to provide Cohen's d instead?  Can Cohen's d be computed for an interaction?  If so, how?