When do I roll a Saving Throw? From the Player's Handbook, Chapter 10:     Saving Throws      Many spells specify that a target can make a saving   throw to avoid some or all of a spell’s effects. The spell   specifies the ability that the target uses for the save and   what happens on a success or failure.   The DC to resist one of your spells equals 8 + your   spellcasting ability modifier + your proficiency bonus +   any special modifiers.   The bold part makes me think that only some spells need the targets to roll a saving throw, like Burning Hands.     A creature takes 3d6 fire damage on a failed save, or half as much   damage on a successful one.   But some spells don't say any of that, like Scorching Ray.     You create three rays of fire and hurl them at targets   within range. You can hurl them at one target or several.   Make a ranged spell attack for each ray. On a hit, the   target takes 2d6 fire damage.   At Higher Levels. When you cast this spell using a   spell slot of 3rd level or higher, you create one additional   ray for each slot level above 2nd.   Should the target(s) roll a saving throw for spells like Scorching Ray?
Does my enemy get to make a saving throw for half damage for absolutely any spell I cast? So me and a group of friends recently started to play D&amp;D. I became a sorcerer. My question is: can the enemy I am attacking, no matter what spell I use, make a saving throw for half damage or does that only apply for certain spells?  For example, when I use my cantrip fire bolt, does the targeted opponent get to roll a saving throw for half damage against the spell, even though the description doesn't say anything about saving throws?
"Battery Health" in macOS Catalina 10.15.5? I have just installed the macOS Catalina 10.15.5 update on my 11" Mid 2013 MacBook Air. The update is working fine.  The MacBook Air specifications on the Wikipedia page says that this model has a lithium-ion battery, 'tho I haven't unscrewed the case to look. But the new Battery Health controls in System Preferences → Energy Saver don't appear.  Not a lithium-ion battery? Or perhaps other differences in this model prevent Battery Health from showing up? Something else? What desktop environments can group window icons in the taskbar like Windows 7? I find it much faster to identify a window in the taskbar (window list) by its icon,    rather than by its text:    The problem with most graphical interfaces I've  is that they don't group windows, and if you have more terminals or file managers, they'll just clutter the taskbar and you won't know which is which. Windows 7 offers a relatively elegant solution to this by grouping similar window icons together.  Question: What Linux  have this functionality? If addons exist that provide it, that's alright.  For reference, a Cinnamon applet that sort of does this is . Compute $e^{e^z}$, where z is a complex number I am self-studying the MAT 67 linear algebra course and I got stuck at a problem in Chapter 2:     Compute the real and imaginary parts of $e^{e^z}$ for $z$ $\in$ $\Bbb C$.   I tried to expand it using Euler's formula but it seemed endless. Any help? How to evaluate environment variables into a string in Python? I have a string representing a path.  Because this application is used on Windows, OSX and Linux, we've defined environment variables to properly map volumes from the different file systems.  The result is:  "$C/test/testing"   What I want to do is evaluate the environment variables in the string so that they're replaced by their respective volume names.  Is there a specific command I'm missing, or do I have to take os.environ.keys() and manually replace the strings? Difference between Can/Could: "Can (could) you sell your old computer to me?" What is difference between  Could you sell your old computer to me, seeing (that) you have no use for it. Can you sell your old computer to me, seeing (that) you have no use for it.  Can I use either one of them? Which one is grammatically correct or if both are, what is the difference in meaning? Is $\exists x(x=a)$ a valid formula in first order logic with equality? On per-site metas, users are given a rank based on meta participation, and this ranking is seen on the default tab of the users page on each per-site meta. How is this participation numerically calculated to give a ranking? Is it by votes? Something else? Are community wiki posts included in this? Express $\sqrt{3}\sin\theta - \cos\theta$ as: $a\cos (\theta + \alpha) $ Are static class instances unique to a request or a server in ASP.NET? On an ASP.NET website, are static classes unique to each web request, or are they instantiated whenever needed and GCed whenever the GC decides to disposed of them?  The reason I ask is because I've written some static classes before in C# and the behavior is different than I would have expected. I would have expected static classes to be unique to each request, but it doesn't seem like that is the case.  If they are not unique to each request, is there a way to allow them to be?  UPDATE: The answer driis gave me was exactly what I needed. I was already using a singleton class, however it was using a static instance and therefore was being shared between requests even if the users were different which in this case was a bad thing. Using HttpContext.Current.Items solves my problem perfectly. For anyone who stumbles upon this question in the future, here is my implementation, simplified and shortened so that it easy to understand the pattern:  using System.Collections; using System.Web;  public class GloballyAccessibleClass {     private GloballyAccessibleClass() { }      public static GloballyAccessibleClass Instance     {         get         {             IDictionary items = HttpContext.Current.Items;             if(!items.Contains("TheInstance"))             {                 items["TheInstance"] = new GloballyAccessibleClass();             }             return items["TheInstance"] as GloballyAccessibleClass;         }     } } If $A$ commutes with $B$ and $B$ commutes with $C$, then $A$ commutes with $C$ Let $A,B,C \in \ M(3,\mathbb{R})$ be such that $A$ commutes with $B $and $B$ commutes with $C$. $B$ is not scalar matrix. Then, $A$ commutes with $C$.   Is this true or false? I think it is not true, but cannot think of a counterexample. Any suggestions? Why is my network interface named enp0s25 instead of eth0? A lot of my scripts stopped working after installing Ubuntu 15.10 and I have trouble remembering this new name as I was used to ethx and wlanx for years. Is there a reason for this change? Do I have to get used to this or can I just rename it and go back to good old eth0?  $ ifconfig  enp0s25   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 77:5a:5e:a6:86:d5         inet addr:192.168.31.239  Bcast:192.168.31.255  Mask:255.255.255.0       inet6 addr: fe80::725a:b6ff:fea6:86d7/64 Scope:Link       UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1       RX packets:4833 errors:1332 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:666       TX packets:5589 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0       collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000        RX bytes:3266446 (3.2 MB)  TX bytes:1046654 (1.0 MB)       Interrupt:20 Memory:d3500000-d3520000 Why can templates only be implemented in the header file? Akhil showed that the  is the same as the continuum, using as a step the observation that continuous functions that agree at rational points must agree everywhere, since the rationals are dense in the reals.  This isn't an obvious step, so why is it true? I have been having a discussion regarding the Shape Water cantrip from the Elemental Evil Player's Companion. A friend and I are trying to come to an accurate view of how this spell actually functions.   Some example questions:   Must the targeted water be within a 5 foot cube area, or does it need to be of a volume not exceeding 125 cubic feet? If you shape water that is within a 5 foot cube, can the final shape you animate it to extend outside the cube? Can you cause the shaping to affect ice and snow, or only liquid water? Would you be able to carry a globe of water alongside you over distances?   Really, there are two parts:    What can be targeted by the spell? What are the limitations on the 'shape and animate' portion of the spell?   The answer I am looking for, if possible, would use the language of the spell, possibly with precedent from other game text, to clearly define the limitations of this cantrip. Prove that $||x|-|y||\le |x-y|$ How to force Logger.debug output in Play! framework specs2 tests? Word for a person with a negative attitude What does "No bootable medium found" mean in VirtualBox? How to echo a bang! dropping trailing '.0' from floats I'm looking for a  way to convert numbers to string format, dropping any redundant '.0'   The input data is a mix of floats and strings. Desired output:  0   --> '0'  0.0 --> '0'  0.1 --> '0.1'  1.0 --> '1'  I've come up with the following generator expression, but I wonder if there's a faster way:  (str(i).rstrip('.0') if i else '0' for i in lst)   The truth check is there to prevent 0 from becoming an empty string.  EDIT: The more or less acceptable solution I have for now is this:  ('%d'%i if i == int(i) else '%s'%i for i in lst)   It just seems strange that there is no elegant way to handle this (fairly straightforward) case in python.