I posted this SO question:   I put a bounty on the question and got some very reasonable suggestions, though nothing that led to an actual solution to my problem. (It's been a fairly painful week.)  I "solved" my own problem with a fairly significant architectural change to the way I'm storing user data. It's not a solution to the original problem; it's totally changing what the problem was. Feel free to read the thread for the gory details.   What's the etiquette regarding the outstanding bounty points? Should I let them expire? Award them to the highest voted answer? Give them to the one that caused me to think about how to re-attack my problem in a different way - but didn't provide details of the eventual answer?  Haven't found a meta thread that deals with this specific philosophical dilemma...
I asked a question a couple of days ago. I didn't receive any answers to the question, save for a few comments.  Once the bounty period was up I placed a bounty on the question as the concern at the time was rather urgent.  I got some answers to question eventually -- as I had expected. But requirements have changed since then and the content of the question has no longer become relevant.  What can or should I do with this question? Should I award the bounty anyway, regardless of whether the question still has it's relevance?
$AB-BA=I$ having no solutions Can we mix dual-rank and single-rank DDR4 RAMs I have being using Skype for a long time on my Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. From this morning on, Skype simple cannot connect to my account anymore.  That is my Skype version:     Skype 4.3.0.37   © 2014 Skype and/or Microsoft   My Ubuntu system:  LSB Version:    core-2.0-amd64:core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-amd64:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-amd64:core-3.1-noarch:core-3.2-amd64:core-3.2-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-3.0-amd64:cxx-3.0-noarch:cxx-3.1-amd64:cxx-3.1-noarch:cxx-3.2-amd64:cxx-3.2-noarch:cxx-4.0-amd64:cxx-4.0-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-3.1-amd64:desktop-3.1-noarch:desktop-3.2-amd64:desktop-3.2-noarch:desktop-4.0-amd64:desktop-4.0-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:graphics-2.0-amd64:graphics-2.0-noarch:graphics-3.0-amd64:graphics-3.0-noarch:graphics-3.1-amd64:graphics-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.2-amd64:graphics-3.2-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.1-amd64:graphics-4.1-noarch:languages-3.2-amd64:languages-3.2-noarch:languages-4.0-amd64:languages-4.0-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:multimedia-3.2-amd64:multimedia-3.2-noarch:multimedia-4.0-amd64:multimedia-4.0-noarch:multimedia-4.1-amd64:multimedia-4.1-noarch:printing-3.2-amd64:printing-3.2-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch:qt4-3.1-amd64:qt4-3.1-noarch:security-4.0-amd64:security-4.0-noarch:security-4.1-amd64:security-4.1-noarch Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS Release:    14.04 Codename:   trusty   Any suggestion why or how to fix it?  Thanks in advance. Writing function definition in header files in C++ I have a class which has many small functions. By small functions, I mean functions that doesn't do any processing but just return a literal value. Something like:  string Foo::method() const{     return "A"; }   I have created a header file "Foo.h" and source file "Foo.cpp". But since the function is very small, I am thinking about putting it in the header file itself. I have the following questions:   Is there any performance or other issues if I put these function definition in header file? I will have many functions like this. My understanding is when the compilation is done, compiler will expand the header file and place it where it is included. Is that correct? Difference between deportation and removal As I understand it, there are two mechanisms for throwing somebody out of the UK: deportation and removal. Informally, people seem to call both of these "deportation".  What are the differences between them? Who do they apply to? Do they have different effects on the person's ability to return to the UK later? Let $d=GCD(n^2+5,n^3-5n^2+6n)$ show that $d|630$ Execute a program at login I'm running Arch-Linux ARM on a Raspberry Pi.  My project goal is to have a barcode scanner attached to the Pi that forwards the scanned messages to a server in a LAN.  To harden the system against power outages etc. and minimize required user interaction, I wish to set it up so that a certain user is logged in automatically at startup (done and works) and a specific program is to be run at startup (done and works but not as intended).  I've done this so far by adding  exec mono scannerSoftware.exe 127.0.0.1 1234 randomString   to /home/certainUser/.bash_profile so it gets executed only once even when I'm switching back and forth to root (in contrast to bashrc).    The particular problem I am having: When I launch the system, it works as intended (login as certainUser, starting scannerSoftware.exe); BUT if I want to switch users and hit Ctrl+C, it restarts the login process, logging certainUser in again and running the program again => back to where I came from.  My guess as to why this happens is that the sys detects "login not complete, better start it again".  I could circumvent this by spamming Ctrl+C right around the login so that I practically interrupted it. Of course, this is not good practice. Suffice it to say it is not practical at all.  My question: How can I set it up so the program gets executed AFTER login is complete so that Ctrl+C'ing out brings me to a normal bash prompt as certainUser instead of beginning the endless login-cycle?  EDIT: I'm not using any graphical interface or such, only commandline (bash on tty), because when done the system won't even have a display. How was the torque-force relationship discovered converge and converge absolutely of a series $f(x)$ is a continuos fuction in $[0, 1]$ and differentiable twice on $0$.  $U_n=(-1)^{n}f(\frac{1}{n})$. I need to prove that:   $1.$if $\sum_{n=1}^\infty U_n$ converge then $f(0)=0$.  $2.$if $f(0)=f'(0)=0$ then $\sum_{n=1}^\infty U_n$ converge absolutely.  Now, from the detail that $f(x)$ is differentiable twice on $0$ I think I need to write $f(1/n)$ with Maclaurin series with 2 degree but it doesn't work very nice. can you guide me please? thanks! A Vista virtual machine I use only has a 10 GB virtual hard disk -- and I'm worried about it running out of space over time. I used  to check for the culprits..  And the primary culprit is that /winsxs or &quot;Windows Side-By-Side&quot; folder.  What is the Windows Side By Side folder? Well, that's .  All of the components in the operating system are found in the WinSxS folder – in fact we call this location the component store.  Each component has a unique name that includes the version, language, and processor architecture that it was built for.  The WinSxS folder is the only location that the component is found on the system, all other instances of the files that you see on the system are “projected” by hard linking from the component store.  Let me repeat that last point – there is only one instance (or full data copy) of each version of each file in the OS, and that instance is located in the WinSxS folder.   So looked at from that perspective, the WinSxS folder is really the entirety of the whole OS, referred to as a &quot;flat&quot; in down-level operating systems.  This also accounts for why you will no longer be prompted for media when running operations such as System File Checker (SFC), or when installing additional features and roles. That explains why the folder starts off big, but not why it gets larger over time – the answer to that question is servicing.   In previous versions of Windows the atomic unit of servicing was the file, in Windows Vista it’s the component.  When we update a particular binary we release a new version of the whole component, and that new version is stored alongside the original one in the component store.  The higher version of the component is projected onto the system, but the older version in the store isn’t touched.  The reason for that is the third part of why the component store gets so large.  Lots of other people :  A coworker recently received his every two year work laptop refresh and was in the middle of loading his new laptop with Vista. For some reason, his hard drive C: was partitioned to only 25GB and the rest of the space reserved for a much larger drive D:. Anyway, after loading many Windows Updates, he was left with hardly any drive space left on C:, and for some reason, the WinSxS directory had ballooned to over 8GB. While I knew what the WinSxS (Windows Side-by-Side) directory was for, I wasn't quite sure why that directory would explode in size so fast with normal operating system updates.  I don't really care about having all these duplicate files for safety, but I do care about the VM exploding due to an out of disk space error. So.. can /winsxs be safely pared down in any way? ..  Administrators should not, for any reason, take it upon themselves to clean out the /winsxs directory - doing so may prevent Windows Update and MSI from functioning properly afterwards.  Preventing accidental deletion from the directory is accomplished by putting a strong security descriptor on the directory that inherits to its children.  If this /winsxs folder gets any larger, I'm going to have to re-image this virtual machine.. which I really don't want to do! In PCA, when the number of dimensions $d$ is greater than (or even equal to) the number of samples $N$, why is it that you will have at most $N-1$ non-zero eigenvectors? In other words, the rank of the covariance matrix amongst the $d\ge N$ dimensions is $N-1$.  Example: Your samples are vectorized images, which are of dimension $d = 640\times480 = 307\,200$, but you only have $N=10$ images. Ever since Everything That Happened with Stack Exchange, it's understandable that many users are hesitant to get re-involved on SE.  It's understandable that  are deleting their own accounts, out of protest, or out of frustration, or for many other reasons.  But I have noticed that, at the very least on , where I spend most of my time, questions are getting fewer views and fewer answers, fewer votes are being cast, and fewer questions themselves are being asked.  I've also noticed that flags are taking a long time to be processed, probably because of the fact that Writing.SE .    Are other sites also experiencing inactivity?  Is this in direct correlation with Everything That Happened?  Is it just this site, or are other sites experiencing the same patterns as well? The Safari Back Button Problem I do some minor programming and web work for a local community college. Work that includes maintaining a very large and soul destroying website that consists of a hodge podge of VBScript, javascript, Dreamweaver generated cruft and a collection of add-ons that various conmen have convinced them to buy over the years.   A few days ago I got a call "The website is locking up for people using Safari!" Okay, step one download Safari(v3.1.2), step two surf to the site. Everything appears to work fine.  Long story short I finally isolated the problem and it relates to Safari's back button. The website uses a fancy-pants javascript menu that works in every browser I've tried including Safari, the first time around. But in Safari if you follow a link off the page and then hit the back button the menu no longer works.  I made a pared down webpage to illustrate the principle.  &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"&gt; &lt;html&gt; &lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Safari Back Button Test&lt;/title&gt; &lt;meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"&gt; &lt;/head&gt; &lt;body onload="alert('Hello');"&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.codinghorror.com"&gt;Coding Horror&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/body&gt; &lt;/html&gt;   Load the page and you see the alert box. Then follow the link off the page and hit the back button. In IE and Firefox you see the alert box again, in Safari you do not.  After a vigorous googling I've discovered others with similar problems but no really satisfactory answers. So my question is how can I make my pages work the same way in Safari after the user hits the back button as they do in other browsers?  If this is a stupid question please be gentle, javascript is somewhat new to me. Beamer - create subsubsection page I think this question is already answered anywhere, but I couldn't find a solution with my search terms :/ .  So I got this model and I only want to smooth out the cylinder parts, but not the extruded edges.  So here is my original model, I think it's kinda clear what should be smoothed out, it is supposed to become a rifle scope.    This happens with the normal smooth button, but I already tried it with a Bevel modifier and subdivison surface aswell.    Solution: Edge Split Modifier with Smooth: Suppose k is an integer such that $6k + 1$, $12k + 1$, $18k + 1$ are primes. Show that $n = (6k + 1)(12k + 1)(18k + 1)$ is a Carmichael number.  This is a question on a past exam that I find difficulty to answer. Can anyone help? The Equation $11^x + 13^x + 17^x =19^x  $  Has    No Real Roots Only One Real Roots Exactly Two Real Roots  More than Two Real Roots    What I have done is   The function $f(x)=11^x + 13^x + 17^x -19^x  $ is strictly increasing and being always positive it have no roots Is it safe to answer "erase disk and install Ubuntu" on a virtual machine? Do I have to do something "special" to get the Color -> Color to alpha menu option to work in GIMP? I am trying to convert a background color on a GIF image to transparent by converting the background color to an alpha channel but the Color to Alpha menu option is not selectable.  I've gone through the GIMP documentation and it looks pretty simple :-) I must be missing something rather obvious here! Prove that there is no non-zero linear operator on $\mathbb C^{2}$ such that $(\alpha | T\alpha) = 0$