How can a ML algorithm learn to classify fake news? I am new in Machine learning techniques and in fake news detection by using these algorithms (SVM, nn, logistic regression,..). I would like to understand how an algorithm can learn from a training set which include news and fake news, what it will be necessary to have (target), what type of information can be relevant for a good analysis and learning ... I read many papers and most of them do not mention the type of news used, the criteria for building the classifiers, but they only show the results of the prediction when a new news is generated. This could be perfectly fine, but it could be also easily to say: I got this amazing results!, without understanding how these results were got. I would appreciate if you could show me an example of how an algorithm can learn from text (not necessarily news, but also tweets, or something else would be fine). Following discussion with Erwan: one of his previous answer partially has answered my question. However I would like to understand the following. One needs to have a corpus, then label news/tweets in fake/not fake, then run the model. But how the algorithm works on texts and takes relevant words or features for detecting fake news? So my question is: If I have a corpus on Trump, would the algorithm be able to detect fake news on Vitamin C, without any words (verb, adj, noun,..) in common between the two dataset, except stopwords?
Fake News Detection problem I would like to work on a project for Fake News Detection especially for Indians news which are in different languages and different formats.   Fake news as image with no or very less text Fake news on a blog site Fake news as Tweets Fake news in Hindi Fake news in the watsapp group and shared across.   Need your help on the approach. One approach I can think of is using OCR we can read the content of the post, then search those content in the google. If the news is not present in any of the famous print media then we can tag it as fake. However there can be many challenges in this. What if the print media itself gives any fake news shared by someone.  How to handle the scenario where there is no text in the image but the information shown as image is fake.  How to handle posts written in Hindi. ?  And even if we detect fake news, is there any way to make the person accountable for sharing it. ? I know it is little difficult problem to solve. But is there any work currently done by any company on this. ?  Any starting point for me to get into this domain ?
My understanding of the Stern–Gerlach experiment is that neutral (0 total charge) particles are sent through a non-homogeneous magnetic field, with the expectation that the field will push that particle's path higher or lower on a detector because of the collective spin of that particle. While the detector can detect particles in a two-dimensional surface, the results of the experiment are that particles appear in only two localized areas directly above the path of the particle stream, or directly below the path of the particle stream - spin up or spin down. The conclusions from these measurements are that the particle, when measured, will always have about the same magnitude.  Why does this not follow from classical mechanical theory related to magnetism? If you shot a magnet through a similar apparatus, I would expect the magnet to be rotated to align with the magnetic field in some way which, at high enough field strengths relative to the mass of the magnet, would cause us to measure basically the same magnitude as if the magnet entered the apparatus pre-aligned with the field.  How is my explanation incorrect? How do I get the linksys WUSB6300 wireless adapter to work on linux Note: This is a canonical post created so that we can close the many similar questions as duplicates as discussed in .   We have created a logo for a client and they love it. We've already started preparing the materials that will feature the new logo.   However, after we had created the logo, we found a logo for another company that looks eerily similar. We did not intentionally create the new logo to look like the one of the other company, in fact we didn't even know it existed beforehand, but it does regardless.  What should we do? Is this plagiarism? Can our client use the logo we have created? Should they? Or do we need to come up with another logo that's more different? If there is only the Macbook 12 inch USB-C charger nearby, can it be used to charge other USB-C devices, such as any Android phones that also use USB-C? (will it be "too powerful" and damage other devices?)  Vice versa, if there is a Quick Charge 2.0 or 3.0 USB-C charger from other devices nearby, can it be used to charge the Macbook 12 inch?  The main concern is about whether it could damage the device or battery. Is there a difference between installing an application via Ubuntu Software Center or a terminal? Traveling without paying lodging fees in America I want to travel around the East Coast without paying for lodging.  I'd be willing to sleep in my car or even pitch a tent somewhere. Is this a problem?  Legal?  I really want to get to the beach this season but I’m afraid that lodging will be out of my price range.  Specifically Maryland, Delaware, maybe New Jersey or Virginia. Atiyah-Macdonald, Exercise 5.4 I was having some trouble with the following exercise from Atiyah-Macdonald.     Let $A$ be a subring of $B$ such that $B$ is integral over $A$. Let $\mathfrak{n}$ be a maximal ideal of $B$ and let $\mathfrak{m}=\mathfrak{n} \cap A$ be the corresponding maximal ideal of $A$. Is $B_{\mathfrak{n}}$ integral over $A_{\mathfrak{m}}$?   The book gives a hint which serves as a counter-example. Consider the subring $k[x^{2}-1]$ of $k[x]$ where $k$ is a field, and let $\mathfrak{n}=(x-1)$. I am trying to show that $1/(x+1)$ could not be integral over $k[x^{2}-1]_{\mathfrak{n}^{c}}$.  I have understood why this situation serves as a counterexample. But I am essentially stuck at trying to draw a contradiction. A hint or any help would be great. I am running Ubuntu Gnome 16.10 (64bit). Gnome-shell version 3.20.4.   When I start my computer, I eventually see GDM3 offering a login prompt, as expected.   After I login, my monitors flash a little (like they're unplugged and then replugged in), and then I am brought to the gnome 3 desktop.   However, if I hit  CTRL + ALT + F1, I am brought back to GDM3, offering a login prompt.   If I then hit CTRL + ALT + F2,  I am brought back to my Gnome 3 desktop.  So it seems like GDM3 continues to run in TTY1 while the desktop runs in TTY2.   Questions   Is this how things are supposed to work? I thought the desktop was supposed to use the same TTY (or whatever you call it) as the display manager.  Am I using more graphical resources by having things setup this way? Is there a way to have GDM3 pass off the display to Gnome Desktop after I login? Is there any advantage do doing #3? Why is the PHP version different in phpinfo() and CLI? I realized that there is a miss matching between the PHP version reported by phpinfo() and php -v (in the CLI).  phpinfo():  5.5.24 php -v: 5.6.9   I am working on a Mac OS X 10.10 (Yosemite) and installed a library (php-version) to try to manage the PHP versions.  It reports me 3 different versions installed on my laptop:    5.4.41   5.5.25 * 5.6.9   I would like to set the same version of PHP in both Apache and CLI.  How can I tell Apache which PHP version use?  I tried to write this line in my httpd.conf:  LoadModule php5_module    /usr/local/opt/php56/libexec/apache2/libphp5.so   Then:  sudo apachectl restart   But all this not solve the problem… In my PHP info I still have: 5.5.24 Why use getters and setters/accessors? Did something change in the behavior of blocking users' votes if they don't have sufficient rep to vote? I've just noticed that if you try to vote without having a privilege to vote, you're greeted with such message:        So, that's interesting. Does it mean that if I gain 125 (or 15, in case I'm upvoting not having 15 reps) rep on that site, my "suggested" vote goes public and until then it would be recorded as it's done with anon feedback?  And until this change, the votes weren't recorded as anonymous, or has the new message saying that it acts as feedback been added just to not upset users? Random errors on various sites when viewing main page Occasionally (very occasionally) when returning to the main page of a site by clicking on the logo I get the following message:     It was not possible to perform this tag search at this time due to an unexpected error.   This is odd because I'm not performing a tag search.  So far this has happened on both Movies &amp; TV and Cooking.  I have heard that others are getting this same message. How to remove duplicate lines inside a text file? A huge (up to 2 GiB) text file of mine contains about 100 exact duplicates of every line in it (useless in my case, as the file is a CSV-like data table).  What I need is to remove all the repetitions while (preferably, but this can be sacrificed for a significant performance boost) maintaining the original sequence order. In the result each line is to be unique. If there were 100 equal lines (usually the duplicates are spread across the file and won't be neighbours) there is to be only one of the kind left.  I have written a program in Scala (consider it Java if you don't know about Scala) to implement this. But maybe there are faster C-written native tools able to do this faster?  UPDATE: the awk '!seen[$0]++' filename solution seemed working just fine for me as long as the files were near 2 GiB or smaller but now as I am to clean-up a 8 GiB file it doesn't work any more. It seems taking infinity on a Mac with 4 GiB RAM and a 64-bit Windows 7 PC with 4 GiB RAM and 6 GiB swap just runs out of memory. And I don't feel enthusiastic about trying it on Linux with 4 GiB RAM given this experience. How to format/partition SD card? How can I format or partition SD card in Kubuntu?  Is there an application with GUI for this? Little Snitch reports outgoing connections for AirPlayXPCHelper for wrong subnets? After upgrading to El Capitan, I've started noticing annoying connections from the AirPlayXPCHelper to 192.168.1.0/24 subnet (my home network isn't in 192.168.1.0/24 subnet, it's in 172.16.0.0/12 subnet).  Questions are:   Why AirPlayXPCHelper goes out to this network on port 5000 and 7000? Is there a way to limit it's desire to go there?   Thank you. What is the difference in meaning of "frustrated at" and "frustrated with" used in sentences like     He is frustrated with me   or      He is frustrated at me   When is each of these sentences above are used? To prove the limit of $\frac{x^2+2\cos x-2}{x\sin^3 x}$ at zero is $1/12$ Can I travel to Kuwait on a visa with old passport number? I have a Kuwait visa, obtained from a hotel in Kuwait, with my old passport number. But as the validity of the present passport is expiring within 6 months, I got a new passport with a new passport number. Can I travel with the same visa or do I have to obtain a new visa with my new passport number? Would you be weightless at the center of the Earth? If you could travel to the center of the Earth (or any planet), would you be weightless there? If $A$ is a square matrix and $A^2 = 0$ then $A=0$. Is this true? If not, provide a counter-example. This is a proof question and I am not sure how to prove it. It is obviously true if you start with $A = 0$ and square it.   I was thinking:  If $ A^2 = 0 $  then $ A A = 0 $  $ A A A^{-1} = 0 A^{-1}$  $I\,A = 0 $   but the zero matrix is not invertible and that it was not among the given conditions.  Where's a good place to start?