"SO questions are penalized" in the hot list - how does that work, can it be done for other site(s)? Shog explained :     SO questions are penalized... if your goal is to get more SO questions into the list, you have a bit of a hump to climb.   How is this achieved?  Or, to be more precise, is it technically possible to set up similar "penalty" for some other site? If , what is needed in order to  ask for similar protection penalty to be established for a particular site?
How is hotness score calculated at larger sites? To start with, I am aware that hot questions from larger sites are somehow "penalized" and :     This is designed to ensure that a single site doesn't dominate the list, and that users see a good sampling of questions that are likely to interest them throughout the network...   I would like to understand how is hotness score really calculated at these sites. The reason why I ask is that per my observations, this seems to be quite different than is documented in the . Specifically, I would like to understand the difference in the impact of answer(s) score and aging factor.  Regarding impact of answers score, my observations of hot questions from smaller sites appear to be in agreement with known formula: (MIN(AnswerCount, 10) * QScore) / 5 + AnswerScore. For example, a question with low score (+1, +2) can get into hot list if it has got answer(s) with sufficiently high score.  At larger sites, this doesn't seem to be the case. Say, it looks like Stack Overflow questions just don't enter hot list until they reach certain score (+6,+7), no matter how many answers are there and how high is their score.  Does system simply totally ignore answers until question reaches certain score?  Another thing I noticed is that questions seem to age away from the hot list 2-3 times faster than ones from smaller sites (having comparable question and answers scores). Granted, this is harder to track and I am not yet sure if I figured that correctly. Do larger sites questions age away faster than those from smaller sites?    For those interested, here is a (partial) list of example questions I studied before asking this: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .  Although above examples are only from Stack Overflow, my question isn't (I only used it as an example of a large site in my studies). I would like to understand if hot questions from other larger sites are handled in a similar way.
For example, the radiation dominated cosmology, the energy density of radiation is proportional to $a^{-4}$ and the volume is proportional to $a^3$, where $a$ is the scale factor. So the total energy of radiation is propotional to $a^{-1}$. So where is the loss of energy of radiation? Is it because the gravitational field has the energy? Does $\nabla_aT^{ab}_{\rm matter}=0$ represent the conservation of energy and momentum of matter field in GR? I need to use binary variables (values 0 &amp; 1) in k-means. But k-means only works with continuous variables. I know some people still use these binary variables in k-means ignoring the fact that k-means is only designed for continuous variables. This is unacceptable to me.  Questions:     So what is the statistically / mathematically correct way of using binary variables in k-means / hierarchical clustering? How to implement the solution in SAS / R? How do I stop an effect in jQuery I have a page that uses   $(id).show("highlight", {}, 2000);   to highlight an element when I start a ajax request, that might fail so that I want to use something like  $(id).show("highlight", {color: "#FF0000"}, 2000);   in the error handler. The problem is that if the first highlight haven't finished, the second is placed in a queue and wont run until the first is ready. Hence the question: Can I somehow stop the first effect? Downloading PlayOnLinux I'm downloading PlayOnLinux to run Paint Tool SAI, but I cannot open PlayOnLinux. When I click on it to open it, a dialog box comes up that says: "PlayOnLinux cannot find curl (from cURL) You need to install it to continue". How do I install this?   I'm referring to this article: I want to start using the terminal more often, but I don't know what are the different commands available to me. Is there a way to list all the different commands that I can make use of? Why does my dock keep moving back to my other monitor? I have a larger, external monitor connected to my MacBook Pro and have arranged it such that the dock is in the external monitor (via System Preferences > Displays > Arrangement, by dragging the white bar to the larger screen). This works fine, except for the fact that every now and then, the dock will suddenly shift back to my MacBook screen, but when I open up Displays to change this back, the white bar is still on the external monitor. So I have to drag it to the smaller screen, and then drag it back to the external monitor.   It's a minor issue, obviously, but I've noticed that it has been happening more and more frequently and it's getting quite annoying. Perhaps there's something I've been doing unintentionally for this to happen?   I'm using Mavericks, 10.9.5. url completion in cartoDB info windows The Safari app has disappeared from my iPhone? I can't find the safari icon on my iphone 4?  I have tried resetting home screen layout and that doesn't work.  My restrictions button is 'on' and it asks for a password for this button.  I don't have a password.  Can you help? Thanks, Is it safe to use oil at its smoking point? Teflon toxicity and second degree burns aside, are there any health issues related to cooking with oil at or past its smoking point? Googling a bit I found one article that went so far as to say you should always "discard oil that's reached its smoke point, along with any food with which it had contact". Other searches showed pages suggesting cancer risks.  I've never given it a thought before and I often use peanut oil at smoking point to brown meat. Mathematical notation around the world What are the differences in mathematical notation around the world? I know that in some other countries they write 1,2 meaning 1.2, but what else can be confusing in an academic environment (when people are doing math on a board or on paper). A group is generated by two elements of order $2$ is infinite and non-abelian Prove: If a linear map, $φ: U→V$ is bijective, then $φ(x)=0$ has only the solution $x=0$. Why can we treat quantum scattering problems as time-independent? From what I remember in my undergraduate quantum mechanics class, we treated scattering of non-relativistic particles from a static potential like this:   Solve the time-independent Schrodinger equation to find the energy eigenstates.  There will be a continuous spectrum of energy eigenvalues. In the region to the left of the potential, identify a piece of  the wavefunction that looks like $Ae^{i(kx - \omega t)}$ as the incoming wave. Ensure that to the right of the potential, there is not piece of the wavefunction that looks like $Be^{-i(kx + \omega t)}$, because we only want to have a wave coming in from the left. Identify a piece of the wavefunction to the left of the potential that looks like $R e^{-i(kx + \omega t)}$ as a reflected wave. Identify a piece of the wavefunction to the right of the potential that looks like $T e^{i(kx - \omega t)}$ as a transmitted wave. Show that $|R|^2 + |T|^2 = |A|^2$.  Interpret $\frac{|R|^2}{|A|^2}$ as the probability for reflection and $\frac{|T|^2}{|A|^2}$ as the probability for transmission.   This entire process doesn't seem to have anything to do with a real scattering event - where a real particle is scattered by a scattering potential - we do all our analysis on a stationary waves.  Why should such a naive procedure produce reasonable results for something like Rutherford's foil experiment, in which alpha particles are in motion as they collide with nuclei, and in which the wavefunction of the alpha particle is typically localized in a (moving) volume much smaller than the scattering region? Why is the Mann–Whitney U test significant when the medians are equal? I've received a results from a Mann-Whitney rank test that I don't understand.  The median of the 2 populations is identical (6.9). The uppper and lower quantiles of each population are:   6.64 &amp; 7.2 6.60 &amp; 7.1   The p-value resulting from the test comparing these populations is 0.007. How can these populations be significantly different? Is it due to the spread about the median? A boxplot comparing the 2 shows that the second one has far more outliers than the first. Thanks for any suggestions. What is the difference between a builtin command and one that is not? Is the possessive of "one" spelled "ones" or "one's"? I've been confused about this as long as I can remember. Should it be:     One should do ones duty.   or     One should do one's duty.   I'm guessing it should be the latter. But that doesn't sit well with the possessive pronoun 'its'. For example:     It is its own purpose.   vs.     It is it's own purpose.   Here, the former seems clearly correct. How to make many copies of similar graphs systematically? I want to make various copies of a graph in tikz. The graph I want has 10 vertices. But only has the edges between the vertices a_i,a_(i+1),t,b.  I would like to automatically create 8 copies of this graph. and draw them. I just don't know how to code it. Here is my current code, but it adds all of the edges to the same copy of the graph:  \begin{tikzpicture} [main_node/.style={circle,fill=blue!20,draw,minimum size=2em,inner sep=3pt]}] \node[main_node] (8) at (0:0.5) {b}; \node[main_node] (9) at (180:0.5) {t}; \foreach \x in {0,1,...,7}     \node[main_node] (\x) at (360/8*\x:2) {$a_{\x}$}; \foreach \x in {0,1,...,7}{     \pgfmathsetmacro{\y}{int(mod(\x+1,8))}     \path[draw,thick] (\x) edge node {} (8);     \path[draw,thick] (\x) edge node {} (9);     \path[draw,thick] (\x) edge node {} (\y);     \path[draw,thick] (8) edge node {} (9);     \path[draw,thick] (8) edge node {} (\y);     \path[draw,thick] (9) edge node {} (\y);    }   I want each of the edge sets to be drawn seperately. Autosegmental Representation in tikz-qtree This is what I want to achieve    and this:    But all I've been able to make with tikz-qtree is the following:  \documentclass[12pt,a4]{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{tipa,tikz,tikz-qtree} \begin{document}  \begin{tikzpicture} [baseline] \tikzset{frontier/.style={distance from root=90pt}} \Tree [.$\sigma$ [.O [ p ] ] [.R [.$\mu$ a ] [.$\mu$ : ] ] ] \end{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture} [baseline] \tikzset{frontier/.style={distance from root=90pt}} \Tree [.$\sigma$ [.O [ p ] ] [.R [.$\mu$ a ]  ] ] \end{tikzpicture}   And this:  \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline] \tikzset{frontier/.style={distance from root=90pt}} \Tree [.$\sigma$ [.O [ l ] ] [.R [.$\mu$ a ] [.$\mu$ l ] ] ] \end{tikzpicture} \begin{tikzpicture} [baseline] \tikzset{frontier/.style={distance from root=90pt}} \Tree [.$\sigma$ [.O [ : ] ] [.R [.$\mu$ a ] [ l ] ] ] \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}   Which renders:    and    The important part here is the linking from the leaves to more than one parent (it would be nice if I had the option of making the line dashed too). Now, pst-asr doesn't quite achieve what I want it to. It's important that I have the moras ('mu's). (Also it's a pstricks package, which means I must typeset it in DVIPSPDF.) I have tried a bit of the forest-package (especially forest-GP1), but I can't make that work as I want either. Lastly, some have recommended xyling, but I find that package very difficult to use.  Any recommendations?  Thanks. SQL Server nvarchar(max) vs nvarchar(n) affects performance What is the difference between a framework and a library? What is the difference between a framework and a library?   I always thought of a library as a set of objects and functions that focuses on solving a particular problem or a specific area of application development (i.e. database access); and a framework on the other hand as a collection of libraries centered on a particular methodology (i.e. MVC) and which covers all areas of application development.