When I convert a PDF created in MiKTeX to plain text, all diacritics are at the wrong place. I need to send my thesis to online antiplagiator checking page.  Example:     pr´ce a diskusia mˆˇu tvorit aj jednu y y y a oz samostatn´ ˇast a spoloˇne   How can I fix it?  Ok, here is some working example:  \documentclass[12pt, oneside]{book} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % &lt;---- Like this? \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage[slovak]{babel} \linespread{1.2}  \begin{document}      ľščťžýáíéäúôň %these are some misbehave characters  \end{document}
One frequent aspect of pdflatex output that could be improved is to what extent one can select text output from the generated pdf-file and copy-and-paste it. This is essentially an issue of having the right output encoding. There are at least two important aspects to this:   In the ideal case, Unicode would be the output encoding. Ligature glyphs (such as ﬁ) are ideally de-ligated in the output (here: "fi").   It seems that output encodings are specified through the fontenc package. What is the range of possible output encodings, and most importantly: Is there a way to specify a Unicode output encoding and one that deals with ligatures in the intended way?  (Note: It is important to distinguish output from input encodings. How to use different input encodings in LaTeX has been documented widely. My understanding is that this is best handled by the inputenx package, as it supersedes the inputenc package.)    Quick guide to the solutions: The information in the answers and answer threads is a bit distributed, so here the short summary: one approach is to use \input glyphtounicode together with \pdfgentounicode=1; the other approach is to use cmap/mmap.  Addendum: Sometimes one will need to load the package accsupp and enclose one's macro definition in \BeginAccSupp{method=hex,unicode,ActualText=&lt;codepoint&gt;}[...]\EndAccSupp{} to generate a specific code point. See the caveat about non-BMP code points  and the fix (starting from accsupp version v0.4, 2012/11/18) , which provides the new unichar package option.
Notation and the name choice for meet and join (in order theory) I have two simple questions:   From where do the names  come from? I don't see any intuition between those names in context of order theory. From where does the notation come? I have to admit, I always had an impression that notation we use is somewhat backwards... just take the look at the picture at the wikipedia!    I used this notation a lot of times and I have to admit that often I have to stop for a minute and convince myself that I'm indeed using it right. I'm hoping that learning a bit about origin and context of name choice and notation will make it easier. How is the /tmp directory cleaned up? Is it automatic? If so, how frequently is it cleaned up? Is there a bulletproof way to know a file has been successfully decrypted? I am wondering whether there is a bulletproof way to know if one is successful in decrypting a file.   As an example, say I encrypt a text file and protect it with a 3 letter password. I use brute force to decrypt it, but two different passwords lead to a file that contains English intelligible text. Is there a way for me to know which one is the original one? In other words, is there an infallible way to know I've entered the password correctly? Fix terminal after displaying a binary file Cursor is set to move by increments. how to reset to normal? My cursor is moving by every selection by large increments!  Normally when I use Blender, I am able to select and move objects to any coordinate. Now, all of the sudden, when I select an object or mesh the selection moves by an inch or so in each direction.  How do I reset it to normal? How to make an ext4 formatted usb drive with full RW permissions for any linux machine? I want to format my USB stick to ext4 and just use as I would any other typical non-linux format drive (FAT32, exFAT, NTFS).   That is to say, I want to be able to plug the usb stick into any of my linux machines, and read/write to it without needing to adjust permissions, like doing chmod or chown stuff.  I would prefer to use GUI partition software like GParted, rather than command-line commands, though I welcome any solution!  I'm sure a post like this is duplicate flag heaven for some, but after browsing 6~10 SO and forum posts from google, I didn't find a simple solution to my question. Seemed like everything was about adjusting permissions on a per-user basis. Maybe you just cannot use ext4 drives with the same brainless convenience as NTFS. Why put a resistor in series with signal line? A lot of times in circuits I see a resistor placed in series in a signal line and sometimes even in series with an MCU's VDD line. Is the intention of this to smooth out noise in the line? How is this different from using a small cap, like a .1µF to do the same thing? How gently could a comet/asteroid/meteorite “hit” Earth? How do I get a Ralink RT3290 wireless card working? Why does the base-emitter voltage of a BJT decrease with temperature? According to Sedra/Smith Microelectronic Circuits, \$v_{BE}\$ changes by \$-2\text{mV}/\text{°C}\$. I cannot understand how this could possibly be the case given the equations I am familiar with.  With all currents kept constant, we have:  \$\large{i_E = \frac{I_s}{\alpha}e^{v_{BE}/V_T}}\$  To keep \$i_E\$ constant, any change in \$V_T\$ would have to be accompanied by a change of the same factor in \$v_{BE}\$, otherwise \$\alpha\$ or \$I_s\$ would have to change, which as far as I understand is not possible.  So, how can \$v_{BE}\$ be inversely proportional to \$V_T\$? How to avoid noisy renders in Cycles? How should I determine whether a deck is legal in a particular format? I have a list of cards for a deck I want to build or buy. What should I do to check whether that deck is legal in a particular format (Standard, for example)? How to address a professor in letter? Does the war have an ending in Planetside 2? As enemy bases are captured, they just seem to respawn right in the middle of friendly captured territory. This is looking like a perpetual cycle, and none of the three teams ever gets closer than to the very edge of winning the whole continent, only to lose lots of territory again.  So is this by design? Is Planetside 2 eternally to be at war, with no winner ever? I was hoping it would be more like a 'match'. I admit that both are almost the same thing, but there is at least the closure of winning/losing sides this way. Does a non-abelian semigroup without identity exist? How to add some non-standard font to a website? Why do Windows 10 foreground apps mysteriously launch as background processes? I just read this very insightful post , where the author stated that the variance of $\hat\beta$ is:  $$\text{var}(\hat\beta) = \sigma^2(\textbf{X}^\prime \textbf{X})^{-1}.$$  I couldn't figure out why it is like this. Can anyone elaborate a bit? P.d.f of the absolute value of a normally distributed variable I came across this question as an exercise, had a brief idea, but didn't know how to proceed.     Let $X \sim N(0, 1)$. What is the p.d.f of $|X|$ ?   I know the final p.d.f looks just like the right half of the original pdf, but extended vertically for a factor of 2.  Could someone please show mathematically what the p.d.f of variable |X| is going to be, and explain briefly? Thank you. Reprojecting vector layer in QGIS? I have a series of layers of lines (shapefiles) in My Project. The CRS of some are different and to merge them they all must have same CRS.  When I use Processing/Toolbox/Qgis_algorithims/Reproject_layer the reprojection only works if it is allowed to save to temporary file somewhere (it will not change the CRS when I reproject if I try to save and replace it in My Project directory);   I must remove the original from the layer list and reproject the temp file (without changing the CRS) to get it into my project and name it appropriately.  Is there a better way to reproject a layer in Qgis?