I have the following code:  var cloudShadowBitMask = (1 &lt;&lt; 3); var cloudsBitMask = (1 &lt;&lt; 5) ; qa.BitwiseAnd(cloudShadowBitMask).Eq(0).And(qa.BitwiseAnd(cloudsBitMask).Eq(0));   Can anyone explain the methods to me?
I'm creating a composite image, in order to create a timeseries. I've already created the composited image, but i am having difficulty masking the clouds of the composite image. I've followed the code from a page having similar problems, however when I run the code (after replacing all the l8_mayo to composite as that is the name of my composite var), I get the error code of composite.map not a function. This error does not come up when I run the exact same code from the previous answer. Can someone explain how to overcome this problem? Here is the page I used:  here is my code and the link to my code:  (point is the long, lat for Lake Manyara, Tanzania)  //load images for composite var sr14= ee.ImageCollection('LANDSAT/LC08/C01/T1_SR') .filterBounds(point) .filterDate('2014-01-01','2014-03-01') .select(['B4','B3','B2']);  // Temporally composite the images with a maximum value function. var composite = sr14.max(); Map.setCenter(35.8244, -3.5799); Map.addLayer(composite, {}, 'max value composite');  var getQABits = function(image, start, end, newName) { // Compute the bits we need to extract. var pattern = 0; for (var i = start; i &lt;= end; i++) {    pattern += Math.pow(2, i); } // Return a single band image of the extracted QA bits, giving the band // a new name. return image.select([0], [newName])               .bitwiseAnd(pattern)               .rightShift(start); };  // A function to mask out cloudy pixels. var cloud_shadows = function(image) { // Select the QA band. var QA = image.select(['BQA']); // Get the internal_cloud_algorithm_flag bit. return getQABits(QA, 7,8, 'Cloud_shadows').eq(1); // Return an image masking out cloudy areas. };  // A function to mask out cloudy pixels. var clouds = function(image) { // Select the QA band. var QA = image.select(['BQA']); // Get the internal_cloud_algorithm_flag bit. return getQABits(QA, 4,4, 'Cloud').eq(0); // Return an image masking out cloudy areas. };  var maskClouds = function(image) { var cs = cloud_shadows(image); var c = clouds(image); image = image.updateMask(cs); return image.updateMask(c); };  var composite_free = composite.map(maskClouds);  Map.addLayer(composite_free, 'composite collection without clouds');
Induction Proof: Fibonacci Numbers Identity with Sum of Two Squares Using induction, how can I show the following identity about the fibonacci numbers? I'm having trouble with simplification when doing the induction step.  Identity: $$f_n^2 + f_{n+1}^2 = f_{2n+1}$$  I get to:  $$f_{n+1}^2 + f_{n+2}^2$$  Should I replace $f_{n+2}$ using the recursion? When I do that, I end up with the product of terms, and that just doesn't seem right. Any guidance on how to get manipulate during the induction step?  Thanks! How is the Schroedinger equation a wave equation? Wave equations take the form:  $$\frac{ \partial^2 f}  {\partial t^2} = c^2 \nabla ^2f$$  But the Schroedinger equation takes the form:  $$i \hbar \frac{ \partial f}  {\partial t} = - \frac{\hbar ^2}{2m}\nabla ^2f + U(x) f$$  The partials with respect to time are not the same order. How can Schroedinger's equation be regarded as a wave equation?  And why are interference patterns (e.g in the double-slit experiment) so similar for water waves and quantum wavefunctions? Geometric interpretation of Electromagnetism Permanent background ssh connection to create reverse tunnel: what is correct way? Most of something is plural or singular? I am writing a literature review. My question is which sentence is correct?   Most of the existing work focus on... Most of the existing work focuses on ... Most of the existing studies focus on ...   Thanks A specific file on our production servers is being modified at apparently random times which do not appear to correlate with any log activity.  We can't figure out what program is doing it, and there are many suspects.  How can I find the culprit?  It is always the same file, at the same path, but on different servers and at different times.  The boxes are managed by , but the puppet logs show no activity at the time the file is modified.  What kernel hook, tool, or technique could help us find what process is modifying this file?    lsof is unsuitible for this, because the file is being opened, modified and closed very quickly.  Any solution that relies upon polling (such as running lsof often) is no good.      OS: Debian testing Kernels: Linux, 2.6.32 through 3.9, both 32 and 64-bit. Is there a general theorem stating why the restricted Lorentz group's exponential map is surjective? The exponential map for the restricted Lorentz group is surjective. An outline of why is shown on the wiki page .  Is there a more general theorem that states that for some class of Lie groups or Riemannian manifolds (which includes the restricted Lorentz group), the exponential map is surjective?  There is a theorem stating that compact, connected Lie groups have surjective exponential maps. But as the restricted Lorentz group is not compact, this isn't applicable. Mannequin Duplication glitch How can I execute command on startup (rc.local alternative) on Ubuntu 16.10 I am setting up quota on my Linode server running Ubuntu 16.10, and I get the following error      Cannot stat() mounted device /dev/root: No such file or directory   So to fix this, I reached  for the fix which is done by adding   ln -s /dev/xvda /dev/root /etc/init.d/quota restart   to the /etc/rc.local. But Ubuntu 16.10 doesn't uses rc.local anymore instead uses . What is the alternative for rc.local, How can I run the above commands on startup?  Also I enabled the service using systemctl enable rc-local.service but it didn't work for me. Any lead would be appreciated. Multinomial logistic regression analysis or binary logistic regression There are many visa applicants who are working as an unregistered freelancer (photographer, construction contractor, fashion designer, journalist etc ). Some of these freelancers make really handsome monthly income and don't really need to work as a full time employee. Most of them receive variable amount of payments (cash, cheques, demand drafts etc) When it comes to filling a visa application form (USA, UK, Schengen etc), there is always an employment section in all visa form, eg for Schengen visa employment form :    This is a very important factor to make an application really strong.  Questions:   1 Unregistered freelancers can just simply write their profession? what documents to produce along with the application?  2 Bank statements with variable methods of payments could convince the visa officer that these are all legitimate payments? How to implement a single instance Java application? $\DeclareMathOperator{\tr}{tr}$Let's consider a $n \times n$ matrix and the sequence of traces $\tr(A)=\tr(A^{2})= \ldots = \tr(A^{n})=0$. How to prove that $A$ is a nilpotent matrix (a matrix so that $A^{k} \times u = 0$ for all $u \in V$ and for some $k$)?  Maybe it would be reasonable to consider $A$'s Jordan form (we assume that the action occurs over an algebraically closed field, such as $\mathbb{C}$). For example, suppose that we have found it and $A'$ consists of $m$ blocks of sizes $r_{1}, \ldots r_{m}$ ($r_{1}+r_{2}+\ldots+r_{m}=m, r_{i} \in \mathbb{Z}_{+}$) with $\alpha_{1}, \ldots \alpha_{m}$ as corresponding eigenvalues to each of the blocks. Then, according to the problem will get the system  $$\begin{align} r_{1}\alpha_{1}+&amp;\ldots+r_{m}\alpha_{m}=0 \\ r_{1}{\alpha_{1}}^{2}+&amp;\ldots+r_{m} {\alpha_{m}} ^{2}=0\\ &amp;\ ~\,\vdots \\ r_{1}{\alpha_{1}}^{n}+&amp;\ldots +r_{m}{\alpha_{m}}^{n}=0  \end{align}$$  But the system's analysis over $\mathbb{C}$ seems to be too much complicated.  Actually, the problem must have more or less simple solution.  Any piece of advice would be much appreciated. With the following circuits as examples :    and    How will the current I know how much to flow? Would any other wave travel first in the circuit and then come back and say so much current should flow? When are "if" and "whether" equivalent? Win32: How to hide 3rd party windows in taskbar by hWnd I came to think about some situations where it would be almost impossible to miss a melee spell attack (target is grappling you or vice versa, target is holding you or is close to you, your character already has it's hand on the target, etc.). How do you manage those situations?    Do you give an advantage to the caster? Does the spell automatically succeed? Or you just don't ask yourself the question and just play along with the base rules? $$\overline{z}=z^n$$ where $n\in \mathbb{N}$   So I have started with moving the polar representation as the expression is in the n-th power  $$rcis(-\theta)=r^ncis(n\theta)$$   I can not multiply both sides in $r^{(-n)}$ as $n\in \mathbb{N}$ how should I continue? Hi I have to proof that for $\Omega$ a nested family of odd subsets of $V$ with $V$ finite, we have that $|\Omega|\leq\frac{3}{2}|V|$. I can prove that for certain constructions of $\Omega$, it is satisfies $|\Omega|\leq \frac{3}{2} |V|$, the problem I encounter is that I have to proof that my construction of $\Omega$ is optimal. (Since I have to prove that this holds for every family of odd subsets) Can anyone give me a hint on how to proof that every $\Omega$ satisfies this equation.    $\Omega$ is nested if for all $A,B\in\Omega$ either $A\subseteq B$, $B\subseteq A$, or $A\cap B=\varnothing$; a set is odd if its cardinality is odd. If $[G' : G'']\leq p^2$, then $G'$ is abelian.