I just got charged $88 for an ESTA using a non-standard site.   Has anyone got any ideas as to whether I can get a refund?
A quick search for ESTA application returned many results. According to , the official site to apply for an ESTA is .  Are the others scams, legitimate third party resellers or "added value" services?    (defunct - domain is for sale circa 2020)     Can anyone confirm either way?  Updated 2020: The above have better "not affiliated with the U.S. Government" warnings now, but beware there are newer more sneaky sites starting all the time:        And fortunately more official guidance about this issue:
What is the physical explanation for energy transport in simple electrical circuits? Keeping it simple, what is the physics approach to a current in a wire connected to a battery? How does the electric field behave?  I've read somewhere that, contrary to the common conception, electrons don't really flow as water in a hose so, what is really going on there? How is energy transported at the speed of light if electrons don't flow like very fast water? Given sequence of $L-$Lipschitz functions which converges pointwise, prove uniform convergence Let $f_n:[a.b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be sequence of $L-$Lipschitz functions, that is: $$\forall x,y\in[a,b]: |f_n(x)-f_n(y)|\leq L|x-y|$$   Suppose $f_n \rightarrow f$ pointwise, prove $f_n \rightrightarrows f$   I have all the parts of the puzzle for the proof, and I'm trying to put them all together, I'm using  in my answer.  I would appreciate is you could correct my proof, and if you have an alternative proof, I would be more then happy to see it.  My proof:   Let $\epsilon&gt;0.$  $f_n$ are uniformly continuous on $[a,b]:$  $\tag{1} \exists \delta&gt;0\ \forall x,y\in[a,b]: |f_n(x)-f_n(y)|&lt;\frac{\epsilon}{3}$  $f$ is also $L-$Lipschitz:  $\tag{2} \forall x,y\in[a,b]:|f(x)-f(y)|&lt;L|x-y|=\frac{\epsilon}{3}$  Let us set a partition of $[a,b]$ such as Stephen Montgomery-Smith suggests:     Pick points $x_1,\dots,x_m \in [a,b]$ which are distance   $\frac{\epsilon}{3}$ from each other.        For each $1 \le i \le m$, find a number $N_i$ so that for all $n \ge  N_i$ we have $|f_n(x_i)-f(x_i)| \le \epsilon/3$.   Let $N = \max_{1 \le i \le m} N_i$      Now given any $x \in [a,b]$, pick $1 \le i \le m$ such that $|x-x_i| &lt;\frac{\epsilon}{3L}:  |f_n(x)-f(x)|&lt;\frac{\epsilon}{3} \tag{3}$   $$\begin{align}|f_n(y)-f(y)| &amp;=|f_n(y)-f_n(x)+f_n(x)-f(x)+f(x)-f(y)| \\ &amp;\leq |f_n(y)-f_n(x)| + |f_n(x)-f(x)|+|f(x)-f(y)| \\ &amp;&lt; \frac{\epsilon}{3} + \frac{\epsilon}{3} + \frac{\epsilon}{3} = \epsilon \\\end{align}$$ What happens if no one survives the Hunger Games? It is possible that the remaining last two tributes might get killed at the same time, for example, by a land mine explosion, and in that case the games will end with no victor standing.  Is there a reference in the original books as to what happens if nobody emerges victor in the Hunger Games? My csv export displaying html, how to get rid of? Since I'm confused with these two phrases, I did a search in Google Books hoping to find some examples. But then I found :     Two private spaces or replicas cannot contain the same object with two distinct references. For example, during a disconnected phase, the pump can be present in two different private spaces and still be designated with the same name. During a meeting, two replicas use a same name to access the pump object(local or distant).   This made me more confused. I don't really understand why "the same name" was used in one sentence while "a same name" was used in another. Are there any differences between them? What is the function __construct used for? I have been noticing __construct a lot with classes. I did a little reading and surfing the web, but I couldn't find an explanation I could understand. I am just beginning with OOP.  I was wondering if someone could give me a general idea of what it is, and then a simple example of how it is used with PHP? $(a,b) \mathbin\# (c,d)=(a+c,b+d)$ and $(a,b) \mathbin\&(c,d)=(ac-bd(r^2+s^2), ad+bc+2rbd)$. Multiplicative inverse? Let $r\in \mathbb{R}$ and let $0\neq s \in \mathbb{R}$. Define operations $\#$ and $\&amp;$ on $\mathbb{R}$ x $\mathbb{R}$ by $(a,b) \mathbin\#(c,d)=(a+c,b+d)$ and $(a,b) \mathbin\&amp;(c,d)=(ac-bd(r^2+s^2), ad+bc+2rbd)$ as addition and multiplication, respectively. Do these operations form a field?  I have shown that every axiom of the field is satisfied except for the "existence of multiplicative inverses" axiom. This is where I need help. We either need to show that this axiom fails and so we don't have a field or that the axiom $aa^{-1}=1$ is satisfied for every $a\neq 0 \in \mathbb{R}$  The multiplicative identity in this problem is $(1,0)$.  Any solutions or hints are greatly appreciated. Send an email as an attachment from iPhone How can I have  for Ubuntu? Vito and Luca question Is there a Windows standard way to do things such as "start fan", "decrease speed" or the like, from C/C++?  I have a suspicion it might be ACPI, but I am a frail mortal and cannot read that kind of documentation.  Edit: e.g. Windows 7 lets you select in your power plan options such as "passive cooling" (only when things get hot?) vs. "active cooling" (keep the CPU proactively cool?). It seems the OS does have a way to control the fan generically. How to load JAR files dynamically at Runtime? Persist sort/filter selections Installing titling.sty onto an offline Windows machine I'm trying to compile a file for which I need titling.sty:  ! LaTeX Error: File `titling.sty` not found.  The two biggest issues are 1) it's on a Windows machine (I'm really only &quot;comfortable&quot; with the Unix command line) and 2) the machine cannot be connected to the internet (so automatic approaches are impossible). Assuming the error means I'm missing a package and following some related advice (e.g., ), I downloaded the file , transferred it to the offline machine, and unzipped it, then tried to run: latex titling.ins  But this gave me an error (given I can't copy-paste, I'm including what I think may be relevant):  ******************************************************** * No Configuration file found, using default settings. * ******************************************************** ! ************************************************** * Could not find your \batchfile=titling.ins. **************************************************. \processbatchFile ...****************************}                                                  \fi \else \ifDefault \Msg ... 1.1092 \process@first@batchfile  I have no idea how to proceed from this. How can I install titling.sty on this machine? To tell about a guess about a case in the past, why use "would+have+past participle" instead of "must+have+past participle? I have seen this sentence in an article on bbc, which is about how people lived thousands of years ago. &quot;When this Neolithic home was built, it would have had a cosy roof of turf..&quot; When I read it, I got confused. Because the fact seems as a simple past situation or guessing/assumption about something in the past. it simply gives information about a past event, eg &quot;when I was a child, I had a blue toy car. I have been making a lot of research on whether or not this structure &quot;would+have+past participle&quot; could be used instead of the simple past or &quot;must+have+past participle&quot;, but I could not find any satisfying explanation. Almost all grammer contents cover this structure is used when we imagine the opposite of what actually happened in the past eg. &quot;referring to a missed opportunity&quot; (eg. &quot;if you had come to the party, you would have seen Tom.&quot;), But, in this case of this sentence, &quot;type 3 conditional&quot; is irrelevant. It is not an if sentence,  It simply gives information about how this house was like or was probably like when it was built long ago. Just like it would be If and old lady would want to tell about &quot;how she was like when she was a child years ago. she would simply say &quot;when I was a child, I had long curly hair.**. So &quot;when I was a child, I would have had long curly hair.&quot; would be wrong. So, my question is: 1-Does this structure &quot;would+have+past participle&quot; completely replace simple past sentences? or can be it be used instead of simple past? 2- If this structure was simply used because the author was not %100 sure about the fact as it was a long long time ago -so he wanted to make a guess or assumption, why did he not simply use &quot;must+have+past participle&quot; or &quot;it was likely that blah blah&quot; which must be used for guessing or assumptions about past happenings. Would it not have made more sense if it was like: &quot;When this Neolithic home was built, it must have had a cosy roof of turf. I want to create a function that performs a function passed by parameter on a set of data. How do you pass a function as a parameter in C? A gold reviewer badge? For your continued efforts in reviewing posts, even though the system sometimes messes up and doesn't let you actually review things and keeps displaying them over and over and over. So also, for your patience in putting up with the glitches in the review panel too! Haha  Anyways, a gold reviewer badge: 20000 reviews, over 4000 actioned  I just multiplied both numbers by 20. Think those numbers seem challenging? Is anyone up near those numbers or should it be multiplied by 10 instead? I prefer the higher amount because it would be gold and something harder to work for. :) But we also have to consider the longevity of when all these posts are eventually reviewed and it's only new posts being created.  Anyways, my stats for those who are interested (I wouldn't get the badge to start because I only have ~2000 actioned):  Upvoted            189 Downvoted          11 Edited             926 Commented          127 Voted to Close     44 Flagged            447 Reviewed           21609   As far as the name of the badge, I really like "The Owl is Watching" but not sure if that would be too long. Sounds snazzy though. Ideas?    Personally, I was on a quest to try and clear out all the posts in a single tab before it started showing me the same things over and over (and over) and then it got frustrating because I wasn't even making progress. Quest denied. :(    Lately I've noticed a massive build-up of unreviewed posts. When the review panel was first implemented, there would only ever be maybe 50 unreviewed posts at a time (in a given tab) for my monthly view. Now I log in and there's a thousand or two thousand pending. I think a lot of people quit reviewing after the first badge, so having a gold badge with a high threshold would really improve activity in the review panel and keep people going to improve the community. What's the best way to build a string of delimited items in Java? I would like to install the restricted extras package, which I didn't select during the install. How can I do that?        is a meta-package that installs:         Support for MP3 and unencrypted DVD playback   Microsoft TrueType core fonts   Flash plugin   codecs for common audio and video files iOS navigation bar item image size