Store all items from filename to another then return that file So lets say i was given a function to store whatever is in one filename to a different file name, how would i do that?  def return_newfile(self, filename):      ......     .....     ....     self.return_newfile(data)
How can a file be copied? How do I copy a file in Python?  I couldn't find anything under .
Notification that ‘someone might be watching what you browse’ A maximal ideal among those avoiding a multiplicative set is prime Let $S$ be a multiplicatively closed subset of a ring $R$, and let $I$ be an ideal of $R$ which is maximal among ideals disjoint from $S$. Show that $I$ is prime. If $R$ is an integral domain, explain briefly how one may construct a field $F$ together with a ring homomorphism $R\to F$. Deduce that if $R$ is an arbitrary ring, $I$ an ideal of $R$, and $S$ a multiplicatively closed subset disjoint from $I$, then there exists a ring homomorphism $f\colon R\to F$, where $F$ is a field, such that $f(x)=0$ for all $x\in I$ and $f(y)\neq 0$ for all $y\in S$.   [You may assume that if $T$ is a multiplicatively closed subset of a ring, and $0\notin T$, then there exists an ideal which is maximal among ideals disjoint from $T$.]  Here is a question I need to answer. For the first part I can show if $x, y$ are not in $I$ then nor does $xy$. The second part is just the field of fractions.   For the third part, I think I need to find an ideal $J$ containing $I$ such $J$ is prime, so that $R/J$ is an integral domain, and use the second part. To find $J$ prime, I think as suggested by the hint, I should go for a maximal ideal disjoint from $S$ containing $I$, but how can I do that? The spells that we know about in the Harry Potter world all seem to be either in Latin, derived from Latin, or resembling Latin.  This makes sense for the European World, but there were likely witches and wizards in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.  These cultures would have developed independently, and the magical people in them would likely have still found ways to cast their spells.  Do cultures with languages that did not derive from Latin use the same words and phrases that are related to Latin for their spells?  Or did they have other phrases based on the languages in their cultures? Given two sets $A$ and $B$, what is the difference between $A + B$ and $A \cup B$? For example, if $A = \left\{ a, b, c \right\}$ and $B = \left\{ d, e, f \right\}$, what are $A + B$ and $A \cup B$, respectively? PHP function overloading Referencing bib files with spaces in the filename I am using a Mac with TeX Live and Mendeley for automatically generating .bib files, some of which have spaces in the file names. I would like to know how to reference such files from LaTeX as using "" or \ doesn't seem to work. Introductory Calculus textbook for physics? I have the summer to prepare myself for a high school calculus-based physics course; however, I will have to study calculus by myself. I've completed a course in precalculus and I'm beginning to read .   I am looking for a textbook that has mathematical rigor (i.e. not memorizing formulas), yet also provides adequate foundations for a physics course. From similar stack exchange questions, my top candidates are  and . Which one of these textbooks, if any, would be the best choice for my situation? I have Windows 8 (final, MSDN) on my Macbook Pro Retina.  Windows 8's ongoing, continuous tantrum of insisting that it's on a tablet device is causing it to always have a touch keyboard 'icon' on  the taskbar.  The 'icon' is actually a toolbar and I can temporarily disable it by right clicking the taskbar and DE-selecting it. However, upon rebooting the system, it always insists on coming back and activating itself.    How can I permanently disable the touch keyboard toolbar in the taskbar? In Clan Wars, what factors are used to determine the opponent clan? In the clan wars matchmaking, what criteria is used to determine the clan that you are fighting against? Is it based on Clan Total Points (i.e. trophies), or something else?  If you win many wars in a row, does this mean you will get harder opponents? No "Login using Google" option in Android app I registered this ID with my Gmail account, and logged in successfully via web browser. However, while I was trying to log in on the Stack Exchange app in my Android Phone, I don't see any option to log in with Google:    I was told that no user was found with my Gmail account. It is amazing that I can log in via web browser, but cannot do so with the same Gmail account via app. How can I do that?  Just to compare, here is a "normal" login screen of another user:    Where did the Google login go and how can I bring it back?  My app version is 1.0.73, phone is Coolpad 8150D with Android version 4.0.3, kernel 3.0.8. Negative R squared contradicts ssa/sst? Would it be possible to create a wand more powerful than the Elder Wand? Maximum likelihood when usual procedure doesn't work I am trying to get the maximum likelihood estimate for the parameter $p$. The distribution is the following:   $$ f(x\mid p) = \begin{cases} \frac{p}{x^2} &amp;\text{for} \ p\leq x &lt; \infty  \ \\ 0 &amp;\text{if not} \end{cases} $$  The sample has size $n$.  The problem is, when I try to estimate it by the procedure I know, I would have to estimate the likelihood function and obtain the derivative of the log-likelihood. We'd have:   $$ L(p; x) = \frac{p^n}{\prod_{i=1}^{n} x^2_i}$$  $$ \ln L(p;x) = n \ln(p) - \sum_{i=1}^{n} \ln(x_i^2) $$   For the derivative:  $$ l'(p;x) = \frac{n}{p} = 0$$   And I am stuck because it has no solution for $p$. How do I evaluate this?  Thanks!   EDIT:  So in this case I can use the indicator variable to write:   $$ L(p;x) = \frac{p^n}{\prod_{i=1}^{n}x_i^2} I_{(x_i \geq p)}$$   for $i = 1,2, \ldots n$ in the indicator variable. So the "closest" non-null value of $x \in X$ to $p$ is $min(X_1, \ldots X_n)$. Is that the point? The user who first created a tag wiki is treated as owner for suggested edits If I inherit from a base class and want to pass something from the constructor of the inherited class to the constructor of the base class, how do I do that?  For example, if I inherit from the Exception class I want to do something like this:  class MyExceptionClass : Exception {      public MyExceptionClass(string message, string extraInfo)      {          //This is where it's all falling apart          base(message);      } }   Basically what I want is to be able to pass the string message to the base Exception class. Can I register a domain name that contains a company name or trademark? I wonder is it legal to register a domain name that contains a company name. For example cococola.cc (considering that this domain name is available). Can I buy and use any domain names that contain a name of a trademark? Using ArcMap 10.0, I am working on a map that shows many villages. Each village has a name attribute that I want to use for a label, but in some areas there are so many villages that not all can be labeled. I am using the Maplex label engine and have not checked the "Never Remove (allow overlap)" box.  I am quite happy that not all village names are displayed as this would be way too much. And it is ok that Maplex chooses which labels to display, as I have no way to know which village is more important than another one. This also means that I can't base the labeling on a field such as population or something else, even though that would be less random.  However, I would also like the village points that are not labeled to similarly not be displayed. I think it unlikely that someone would want to see the point without knowing the name of the village. If all points are shown, it is also difficult to tell which point a name label goes with in crowded areas. So instead of choosing just labels not to be shown, I also want the computer to chose features not to be shown.  To give you a better idea on what I mean:    Is there a way to make these features/points not draw if their label is not shown? One of the most commonly asked questions of beginners. How do ranks work in Go for amateurs?  Why do we start backwards? And why do we suddenly count upwards again? What is the difference between 9d and 9p? How is this related to rating? What are the basic differences between ranks used in different countries and different servers? How many $6$-integer subsets of $\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 20\}$ have no consecutive integers? Why do people sometimes use the past perfect form of a verb when the past would suffice? (e.g. "you had mentioned")