In Drupal 7 we could edit the system table to set a module a version back to let the hook_update_n run again.  In Drupal 8 there is no system table.  Where can I find what version of the module is installed so I can change this and make sure the update hook is run again?  This is useful while developing hook_update_N() of my module so I can test this.
How does Drupal 8 know what module needs updating and to what version he needs to update?  I have build a module and I'm trying to update it (adding a table). I implemented a update hook numbered 8001, which is the first update, but when I go to update.php Drupal does not see any update for my module.  I expect there must be a place in my module where I can define the current version of my module and another place in the database where Drupal stores the latest installed update of my module. (I need this for debugging the update script later on.)
Functions Which are non differentiable on a Given Set. I have recently read the famous Weierstrass Non differentiable function which is continuous everywhere but nowhere differentiable.     But now my question is:    Given a countable set $S (\subset \mathbb{R})$ , can we construct a function which is continuous everywhere but non differentiable only at points of S..?    My Attempt: If $S$ finite say, $S=\{c_1,c_2,...,c_n\}$ Then the following function is the desired one:$$f(x)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}|x-c_i|$$   But I cannot construct the function for a arbitrary Enumerable set $S.$     Can we generalize the question for an arbitrary set $S$? Please Help.  Thank you...!! os.path.abspath("..") returns "C://User//" which is false + __file__ is not defined --> execution from Spyder3 (Python 3.6) Am wondering if somewhere there is a list of industry "minimums" for browser support. My company release two "portals" over the past 6 months and did very little to support IE8 users, who at this time, according to my G Analytics makes up about 14% of all IE visitors. Amazingly enough IE7 is 25%...  Figured support for IE7 was out the window already, but figured 14% was significant enough to warrant some support.  Any arguments to support my side of wanting to support IE8?  Any arguments to NOT support IE8? If $(1), (log_yx), (log_zy), (-15log_xz)$ are in Arithmetic Progression... If $(1), (log_yx), (log_zy), (-15log_xz)$ are in AP then...   (A)$z^3=x$   (B)$x=y^{-1}$   (C)$z^{-3}=y$   (D)$x=y^{-1}=z^3$   (Multiple answers may be correct)   I tried many approaches, one of them being: $1+log_zy=2log_yx$ $log_zz+log_zy=log_yx^2$ $log_z(yz)=log_yx^2$ But the fact that the bases are different is causing the main problem as I don't know how to proceed further. It would be great if anybody could give me a hint for solving such questions. How can we discipline a strong-willed, misbehaving 5 year-old? My 5 year old son receives and fears punishment but repeatedly exhibits the same unacceptable behaviors.  He's always been strong-willed, and is usually the kind to view a statement like "Don't do that" as an open invitation to do it.  We've tried redirection or distraction tactics, but he is still so narrowly focused on doing the original behavior.  Even worse, he will typically do the prohibited behavior and flagrantly tell us or show us that he's done it.  Repeatedly, even after punishment.  (He's in time out right now for this very thing).  He's consistently punished, yet he continues down the same self-destructive path each time.  When he is punished, we explain what he did wrong, why he's being punished, and why he shouldn't do what he was told not to do.  Sometimes he'll even tell us first why he's in trouble, so it makes me wonder if he's acting out for the inevitable negative attention he gets.  I think he gets plenty of love and positive attention- he's an only child and stays with a relative during the day.  We're trying to give him a good, fun childhood, but we need to figure out how to effectively discipline him.    His repeated misbehavior includes:   Yelling at the top of his lungs in public (stores, friends' houses, etc) Running away from us (at parks, stores, parking lots, etc) Talking back and disrespecting authority figures Hurting animals even after we explain why it's wrong Repetitive nuisance behaviors (repeating himself, banging his fists, kicking walls, intentionally crumbling food on floors, etc) Repeatedly asking us why he can't do something even after it's been explained to him Basically, most bad behaviors that young children may do, but repeated over and over again, even after discipline   He gets a warning to stop the behavior, then depending on the severity of what he's done (and where we are), he'll either go to time out or lose a privilege (such as taking away a favorite movie or missing out on an activity).  Going to time outs and losing privileges really upset him, but still do not ultimately deter him from the bad behavior.  It's like he can't help himself.  My spouse and I are getting worn down.  We try to model good behavior and encourage him to be well-mannered and respectful.  This behavior mortifies us.  It seems we can't even enjoy life as a family because our son is so disruptive and unresponsive.  Most public outings have to be cut short or eliminated because he consistently misbehaves and doesn't respond to our discipline.  After he's misbehaved, when we try to have heart-to-heart talks with him about his behavior and why we expect him to mind us, he usually has a little trouble expressing himself, and a lot of times we get the same nonsensical responses from him (Us: Why did you do [bad behavior]?  Him: Because I didn't want to).  He also doesn't like to make eye contact.  We don't usually feel like we've gotten through to him.  Is there another discipline tactic we could try?  Or does it sound like we need to see a professional at this point?  We're at a loss, and don't want things to spiral further out of control as he gets older (and even begins school).  We just want him to understand that his behavior isn't always acceptable.  Thanks for reading.  Update (from comments below): My spouse and I disagree on spanking, as we had different experiences with it. He feels it's necessary sometimes. Since our son failed to improve after time outs and taking away items/privileges, I grew to agree with him and we used it for select bad behaviors. It didn't work any better. However, when he was spanked, he was always told why. I didn't mention that we have used it because I was afraid it would distract from the original question, but since it has already come up [in comments], yes, it has been explored, but with no better results than our other tactics. Limiting range of value types in C++ A worker carries two bags. Each of the bags initially contains N nails. Whenever the worker needs a nail, he takes it from a bag picked at random. At some point the worker picks an empty bag. Find the probability that the other bag contains exactly m nails.  My reasoning:  The desired probability: $C_2^1 \cdot P(|A| = 0\ and\ |B| = m)$, where A, B - sets of nails in each bag. Then we can "divide" this probability (I suppose that I deal with independent events):  $P(|A| = 0\ and\ |B| = m) = P(|A| = 0) \cdot P(|B| = m);$  $P(|A| = 0) = (\frac{1}{2})^N$, where $|A| = |B| = N$ (initial condition).  $P(|B| = m) = (\frac{1}{2})^{N - m}$  Result: $C_2^1 \cdot P(|A| = 0\ and\ |B| = m)$ = $C_2^1 \cdot (\frac{1}{2})^{2N - m}$  Am I wrong or it is correct? I am trying to show the current date in my JSP page using JSTL. below is the code I am using.  &lt;jsp:useBean id="now" class="java.util.Date" scope="request" /&gt; &lt;fmt:formatDate value="${now}" pattern="MM.dd.yyyy" /&gt;   But the above code is not producing any results? Am I missing anything here or is there any better approach for this? I am using JSTL 1.1. I have just reinstalled Apache and PHP5 but when I visit my doc root it just downloads a "download" file. And when I try documentroot/index.php it just downloads the PHP file.  I have PHP installed but Apache doesn't seem to want to execute it. People suggested adding a 'Load Module' line to my httpd.conf but I don't have that file. How do I delete a Git branch locally and remotely? I am seeking advice on which memory to use with my motherboard and CPU. Below are my components and some relevant information extracted from their official websites.   NOTE: Although this is a very specific case, a general answer is equally good for me — and also alot more useful for everyone else!  CPU: AMD Phenom II X4 810   ASUS M4A785TD-V EVO listed as one of many  motherboards.   Motherboard: ASUS M4A785TD-V EVO   4 x DIMM, Max. 16 GB, DDR3 1800(O.C.)*/1600(O.C.)/1333/1066/800 ECC,Non-ECC,Un-buffered Memory Dual Channel memory architecture (Complete list of specs: ).   NOTE II: I wouldn't want to do any overclocking as I have no experience with that. So I think the 1333 MHz is the most appropriate. Since the higher frequencies are marked with "O.C."  Questions:   How can I be certain that a specific RAM will work well (or not work) together with my CPU and motherboard? (The Qualified Vendor List is a good starting point, but it's a bit limited and sometimes a bit outdated). Is it true that choice of memory is not independent of the processor? How?    I'm worried I'll be missing something essential when buying my next RAM chips :) I'm trying to insert data from an external table. INSERT /*+ ignore_row_on_dupkey_index ( consruct ( construct_id ) ) */ INTO construct        (construct_id,       n_term ,       enz_name,       c_term,       cpp,       mutations,       mw_kda) SELECT *     FROM EXTERNAL ((       construct_id NUMBER(10),       n_term VARCHAR2 (50),       enz_name VARCHAR2 (50),       c_term VARCHAR2 (50),       cpp VARCHAR2 (50),       mutations VARCHAR2 (50),       mw_kda NUMBER (7,3))      TYPE ORACLE_LOADER     DEFAULT DIRECTORY data_to_input     ACCESS PARAMETERS (         RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE         SKIP 1         BADFILE bad_files:'badflie_insert_into_construct_from_construct.bad'         FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '&quot;'         MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL          )      LOCATION ('CONSTRUCT.CSV')     REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED) ext          WHERE NOT EXISTS (         SELECT * FROM construct c         WHERE c.n_term = ext.n_term         AND c.enz_name = ext.enz_name         AND c.c_term = ext.c_term         AND c.cpp = ext.cpp         AND c.mutations = ext.mutations     );  But now i get this error: Error at Command Line : 171 Column : 7 Error report - SQL Error: ORA-00957: duplicate column name 00957. 00000 -  &quot;duplicate column name&quot;  Line 171 is the last line of this part INSERT /*+ ignore_row_on_dupkey_index ( consruct ( construct_id ) ) */ INTO construct        (construct_id,       n_term ,       enz_name,       c_term,       cpp,       mutations,       mw_kda)  Which is clearly not a duplicate column. If I do: INSERT /*+ ignore_row_on_dupkey_index ( consruct ( construct_id ) ) */ INTO construct      (construct_id,      n_term,      enz_name,      c_term,      cpp,      mutations,      mw_kda) SELECT *     FROM EXTERNAL ((       ext.construct_id NUMBER (10),       ext.n_term VARCHAR2 (50),       ext.enz_name VARCHAR2 (50),       ext.c_term VARCHAR2 (50),       ext.cpp VARCHAR2 (50),       ext.mutations VARCHAR2 (50),       ext.mw_kda NUMBER (7,3))      TYPE ORACLE_LOADER     DEFAULT DIRECTORY data_to_input     ACCESS PARAMETERS (         RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE         SKIP 1         BADFILE bad_files:'badflie_insert_into_construct_from_construct.bad'         FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '&quot;'         MISSING FIELD VALUES ARE NULL          )      LOCATION ('CONSTRUCT.CSV')     REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED) ext          WHERE NOT EXISTS (         SELECT * FROM construct c         WHERE c.n_term = ext.n_term         AND c.enz_name = ext.enz_name         AND c.c_term = ext.c_term         AND c.cpp = ext.cpp         AND c.mutations = ext.mutations     );  I get Error at Command Line : 174 Column : 10 Error report - SQL Error: ORA-00902: invalid datatype 00902. 00000 -  &quot;invalid datatype&quot;  Line 171 is ext.construct_id NUMBER (10), Best way to select a subset of items in a long list I am currently working on a project to create a (not prepaid) postage label.  In java, I would go about doing this by creating a bufferedimage and adding various other images to it to create what I want.  What I want is to put text, converted to an image, onto a template letter, to make a proper postage label.    For example, imagine I was given a document with blank spaces such as:  "Name: _________"  This document is in the form of an image, and I want to use apex and visualforce (the page is already constructed, I am just stuck at the image manipulation part) to add whatever name the user types in onto the image and pack it and email the new image.  The question I have here is: where do I even start?  Java is a little nicer when it comes to image manipulation, as far as I can see.  I've looked into using a web service and sending a soapxml request to return a proper encoded image, but I haven't found a web service that can do this.  Any pointers would be nice. Thanks. Erf as term for plot of land in a town or city. Is this word only used in southern Africa? How do I debug permissions? How do I debug permissions in Drupal 7?  I use core reporting, error logs, devel module error logs, backtrace and node access permission block but sometimes it is not enough. What else should I check to find out why certain fields, views or blocks are not showing to a user?  I also found there is a  for reporting on permissions called  but it is not available for Drupal 7.  I am using various permission related third-party modules:   - devel node access 7.x-1.x-dev   - fast permissions administration 7.x-2.0  - organic groups access control 7.x-1.x   - profile2 group access 7.x-1.x-dev   - ur-node access 7.x-1.x-dev Is there an easy way to attach source in Eclipse? I'm a big fan of the way Visual Studio will give you the comment documentation / parameter names when completing code that you have written and ALSO code that you are referencing (various libraries/assemblies).  Is there an easy way to get inline javadoc/parameter names in Eclipse when doing code complete or hovering over methods? Via plugin? Via some setting? It's extremely annoying to use a lot of libraries (as happens often in Java) and then have to go to the website or local javadoc location to lookup information when you have it in the source jars right there! Mysterious Windows 7 Autorun Location I have Acer Aspire One A521 with brand new SSD disk, on which I've just installed brand new Windows 7 HE 64. After installing system I installed all drivers, including Conexant audio driver. Starting from that moment, after each system restart I see Windows prompt asking me, if I really want to run application C:\Program Files\CONEXANT\cAudioFilterAgent\cAudioFilterAgent64.exe.  Situation like that is quite normal to me, and I always use some "startup scanner" to find such software and purge system out of it. I have very, very old Startup Control Panel 2.8 by Mike Lin. It can have even ten years, but it has never disappointed me, so I continue using it. It scans Startup folders for current user and common one, HKLM Run, HKCU Run and Run Once sections of Windows Registry. For past ten years I thought that these are all locations where application, that is being autorun during system startup can coexist. Turns out, I was wrong.  Since this is brand new Windows, just installed, its autorun locations are empty. The only entry I do have is ATI graphic card driver manager startup string in HKLM Run. I have checked that fact ten times (but only with above mentioned program and manually) and I'm 100% sure, that in none of known to me autorun locations there are no traces of Conexant program startup string.  What do I miss? Does Windows 7 introduces some new startup location or a new method of autorunning programs, that is beyond, what I know and what Startup Control Panel scans?  Solving this problem is a snap for me. I can use brute-force method of removing manually that file or renaming it or I can uninstall Conexant audio driver at all (for the very, very limited use of audio in my laptop, that I have, Windows driver will for sure be enough, I've installed Conexant one "just in case"). But I'm really, really curious, how Windows is possible to run this program each time I restart it? Where autorun string for it can exists? I am designing a hobby project that will run on a battery so I am trying to reduce power consumption. The SoC I am using has the ability to go into a deep sleep mode where it consumes very little power, and then can be interrupted by a falling edge on a pin.  I want to generate a high-low-high pulse when the state of a reed switch changes in either direction. I have been reading a lot and it seems that a one-shot monostable circuit can be built from a couple of transistors and an RC circuit to generate an output pulse when an edge is detected. I understand how that works. However, I can't figure out the best way to also pulse on the opposite edge.  One thought, was to just combine two one-shots that are configured to trigger on rising and falling edges respectively, and use the transistors at the output to pull the common pull-up low (kind of like a NOR gate).  Since I am a hobbyist, I am mostly using passive components. What is the "real" way of doing this in a low-power configuration using logic devices?  Edit: I figure I should mention something about the timing requirements. Normally the reed switch will be either open or closed for many seconds at minimum before changing states.  Edit: Here is an example of the circuit I was using for detecting only the falling edge:    And here is the ~20ms pulse it was producing for ~200ms button press simulating the reed switch (Channel 1 is Vbe for T1 and Channel 2 is measured at RST): Detect browser language in Rails