How to backup SVN repository? I often hear that having an SVN repository doesn't cancel need for backups.  How is such backup done? I mean the repository will inflate over time, won't it? So do I back it up as a whole every time or what do I do?  What's the easiest way to do such backups?
SVN repository backup strategies I'm new to SVN and I'd like to know what methods are available for backing up repositories in a Windows environment?
Prove that a finite union of closed sets is also closed Let $X$ be a metric space.  If $F_i \subset X$ is closed for $1 \leq i \leq n$, prove that $\bigcup_{i=1}^n F_i$ is also closed.  I'm looking for a direct proof of this theorem.  (I already know a proof which first shows that a finite intersection of open sets is also open, and then applies De Morgan's law and the theorem "the complement of an open set is closed.")  Note that the theorem is not necessarily true for an infinite collection of closed $\{F_\alpha\}$.  Here are the definitions I'm using:  Let $X$ be a metric space with distance function $d(p, q)$.  For any $p \in X$, the neighborhood $N_r(p)$ is the set $\{x \in X \,|\, d(p, x) &lt; r\}$.  Any $p \in X$ is a limit point of $E$ if $\forall r &gt; 0$, $N_r(p) \cap E \neq \{p\}$ and $\neq \emptyset$.  Any subset $E$ of $X$ is closed if it contains all of its limit points. The latest beta update made the app crash a lot:   when I press 'Add comment'. after deleting a comment. after up/down/unvoting a post (happened when I upvoted an answer) after editing a post (but the edit is applied).   Spec: Nexus 5 on Lollipop 5.1.1, SE App v1.0.66 (beta) How can I get my external IP address in a shell script? It's not clear to me how to choose Spells Known when creating a new character at a higher level.  Let's take the Bard as a working example first:  Bard level 2:   Spells Known: 5 Slots per Spell level: 1st &times; 3   Bard level 3:   Spells Known: 6 Slots per Spell level: 1st &times; 4, 2nd &times; 2   I'm interpreting this to mean that, if an existing 2nd-level Bard gains a new level (level 3), he's gaining 1 (one) new spell known. He can then choose the new spell known to be either 1st or 2nd, correct?  What I don't understand then, is the case of creating a new character starting at a higher level; say, creating a new Bard at level 3.  In that case you're forced to choose 6 spells, which must be from the list of 1st- and 2nd-level spells, correct?  When making this 3rd-level Bard from scratch, though, can I select 2nd level spells for all 6 spells known?  As another example, say you're creating a very high level Bard from scratch, starting at level 15. The book says your Spells Known is 19, and your spell slots are 1st × 4, 2nd × 3, 3rd × 3, 4th × 3, 5th × 2, 6th × 1, 7th × 1, and 8th × 1.  So, for those 19 Spells Known, you can choose any spells from 1st through 8th spell level. Am I free then to select as many spells as I can at 8th spell level (5 in number), working backwards, and in the end ignoring the 1st, 2nd, 3rd level spells entirely?  As another example, the Ranger doesn't know any spells at 1st level, nor have any spell slots, but the book says “You know two 1st-level spells of your choice from the ranger spell list.” Does it mean at 2nd level and above?  Long story short: When choosing Spells Known for a spellcasting character created above 1st level, am I allowed to choose my Spells Known at whatever spell level I like, just so long as I have at least one spell slot of that level?  I'm working on a D&amp;D 5e character generator and need to clarify this. Is it possible to detect a player consuming food items? He is loved.   This is something that I've always kind of wondered.  In a sentence like this, is loved a verb or an adjective? Can it be considered either? How to make `sudo` preserve $PATH? I have a program that is installed in a custom directory under /opt. To make it easier to run it, I edited my bashrc to add said directory to my path: export PATH=$PATH:/opt/godi/bin:/opt/godi/sbin  This works fine if I want to run the program without sudo. However, if I try to run it with sudo it fails with a &quot;command not found&quot; error. $ sudo godi_console sudo: godi_console: command not found  Inspecting the PATH variable after using sudo reveals that its not including the same PATH I have as a normal user: $ sudo sh # echo $PATH                  /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin  Why is the PATH not the same? Am I doing something wrong? I'm on Debian Jessie, if it makes a difference. One thing I tried was to invoke /opt/godi/sbin/godi_console directly, passing the absolute path to the executable. Unfortunatelly, that didn't help in this particular case because godi_console itself depends on the PATH being correctly set. Rule of thumb for number of bootstrap samples Finding $ \int^1_0 \frac{\ln(1+x)}{x}dx$ How do I pass a function as a parameter to in elisp? I'm trying to pass one method to another in elisp, and then have that method execute it.  Here is an example:  (defun t1 ()   "t1")  (defun t2 ()   "t1")  (defun call-t (t)   ; how do I execute "t"?   (t))  ; How do I pass in method reference? (call-t 't1) Check whether an array is a subset of another Any idea on how to check whether that list is a subset of another?  Specifically, I have  List&lt;double&gt; t1 = new List&lt;double&gt; { 1, 3, 5 }; List&lt;double&gt; t2 = new List&lt;double&gt; { 1, 5 };   How to check that t2 is a subset of t1, using LINQ? Tag suggestions are empty $\pi$ can be represented as $C/D$, and $C/D$ is a fraction, and the definition of an irrational number is that it cannot be represented as a fraction.   Then why is $\pi$ an irrational number? How do I create a nice-looking DMG for Mac OS X using command-line tools? Why doesn't a bike/bicycle fall if going with a high speed? How can I stop Ubuntu Dock from extending to the edges? By default Ubuntu Dock in Ubuntu 17.10 and later releases always extends to the edges (top-bar-to-bottom if placed on the left or right and left-to-right when placed at the bottom) even when it's not filled with icons. Is there a way to prevent this behaviour (i.e. I want to make the dock-length flexible so that as the number of application icons in the dock increases, it should expand accordingly)?  ➡️➡️➡️  In other words, is there a way make Ubuntu Dock look like a &quot;proper dock&quot; instead of a side/bottom panel with full-height/width? After doing a "sudo su -" on an Ubuntu 12.04 notebook I did a "crontab -e", added this:   * * * * * env DISPLAY=:0.0 /usr/bin/gnome-calculator   and waited for minutes. Nothing Happened. I don't have any external monitors and if I run this command "env DISPLAY=:0.0 /usr/bin/gnome-calculator" in the terminal, it just works. But not from cron. Why?   The syslog only contains this:   May 24 14:37:01 localhost cron[1227]: (root) RELOAD (crontabs/root) May 24 14:37:01 localhost CRON[16432]: (root) CMD (env DISPLAY=:0.0 /usr/bin/gnome-calculator )   And I already tried an "xhost +localhost".   [root@NOTEBOOK /var/log] xhost access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect INET:localhost.localdomain SI:localuser:USERNAME [root@NOTEBOOK /var/log]    So the solution for another question like this on askubunut didn't worked. Should I mention my Canadian visa refusal in my UK visa application? The title of  of  is, "Is it posible [sic]?"  This doesn't provide any information at all. It should be mandatory for everyone asking questions on the Internet to read , which says:     Help your community learn from the question. When you field a good question, ask yourself "How would the relevant documentation or FAQ have to change so that nobody has to answer this again?" Reduce Spacing In $$ In math, one often needs to put a letter inside the symbols &lt;&gt;, e.g. to denote a cyclic group &lt;x&gt; generated by some element x. However, plain text displays the symbols &lt; and &gt; as an upside down exclamation point and an upside down question mark, respectively, while math type displays a large space like so:  &lt; x &gt;    Is there some way to reduce this spacing?