I have a MacBook Pro running El Capitan that I need to upgrade to Sierra 10.12 (not High Sierra) for development reasons.  I have previously upgraded my personal computer as follows: El Capitan -> Sierra -> High Sierra.  Knowing that, I should be able to see the previous version in the App Store as outlined in .  However, I don't see Sierra in my Purchased tab in the App Store:    Was Sierra 10.12 completely removed from the store (including previous purchases)?
Sometimes it's hard to search for older versions of macOS &amp; OS X  on the App Store.  This is an attempt to provide the canonical QA for this issue, as per the Meta QA -  I expect it to be modified over time to hopefully become a complete information resource.  How can I get any older version of a Mac OS to be able to run as a VM, or to reinstall on my Mac?
How can I compute the distance between two coordinates in TikZ? Given two points (defined, for instance using nodes), I want to compute the distance between them.   Is there some build in functionality in tikz to do this? If not, how can it be done using the mathematical engine?   The application I have in mind is to draw an circular arc centered at (a) and passing through some second point (b), where only (a) and (b) are known. I was looking at  and I didn't realize that Minecraft had some Easter eggs in it. Besides the Christmas chest Easter egg, and the sheep Easter egg, what else is there? How to make unit selection circles merge? I would like to know how to make this effect of merged circle selection. Here are images to illustrate:     Basically I'm looking for this effect:    How the merge effect of the circles can be achieved ? I didn't found any explanation concerning this effect. I know that to project those texture I can develop a decal system but I don't know how to create the merging effect.  If possible, I'm looking for purely shaders solution. table side by side with minipage I can't manage to get two tables side by side in a minipage environment. Any kind suggestion would be highly appreciated!   \documentclass{article} \usepackage{array}  \begin{document} \begin{table}[htbp] \centering \begin{minipage}{.2\textwidth}     \begin{tabular}{| m{3cm} | m{4.3cm} | c |}   \hline  number of entity filter (size 1) &amp; number of context filters (size 2, size 3,  size 4) &amp; Accuracy\\ [2ex]   \hline  32  &amp;  32  ,  32  ,  32  &amp;  0.835 \\[0.5ex] \hline 32  &amp;  64  ,  64  ,  64  &amp;  0.821 \\[0.5ex] \hline 32  &amp;  128  ,  128  ,  128  &amp;  0.819 \\[0.5ex] \hline 32  &amp;  256  ,  256  ,  256  &amp;  0.749 \\[0.5ex] \hline 32  &amp;  512  ,  512  ,  512  &amp;  0.683 \\[0.5ex] \hline 32  &amp;  1024  ,  1024  ,  1024  &amp;  0.528 \\[0.5ex] \hline 32  &amp;  2048  ,  2048  ,  2048  &amp;  0.235 \\[0.5ex] \hline 64  &amp;  32  ,  32  ,  32  &amp;  0.850 \\[0.5ex] \hline 64  &amp;  64  ,  64  ,  64  &amp;  0.816 \\[0.5ex] \hline 64  &amp;  128  ,  128  ,  128  &amp;  0.786 \\[0.5ex] \hline 64  &amp;  256  ,  256  ,  256  &amp;  0.795 \\[0.5ex] \hline 64  &amp;  512  ,  512  ,  512  &amp;  0.765 \\[0.5ex] \hline 64  &amp;  1024  ,  1024  ,  1024  &amp;  0.669 \\[0.5ex] \hline 64  &amp;  2048  ,  2048  ,  2048  &amp;  0.331 \\[0.5ex] \hline 128  &amp;  32  ,  32  ,  32  &amp;  0.920 \\[0.5ex] \hline 128  &amp;  64  ,  64  ,  64  &amp;  0.890 \\[0.5ex] \hline 128  &amp;  128  ,  128  ,  128  &amp;  0.886 \\[0.5ex] \hline 128  &amp;  256  ,  256  ,  256  &amp;  0.846 \\[0.5ex] \hline 128  &amp;  512  ,  512  ,  512  &amp;  0.789 \\[0.5ex] \hline 128  &amp;  1024  ,  1024  ,  1024  &amp;  0.755 \\[0.5ex] \hline 128  &amp;  2048  ,  2048  ,  2048  &amp;  0.488 \\[0.5ex] \hline 256  &amp;  32  ,  32  ,  32  &amp;  0.920 \\[0.5ex] \hline 256  &amp;  64  ,  64  ,  64  &amp;  0.922 \\[0.5ex] \hline 256  &amp;  128  ,  128  ,  128  &amp;  0.912 \\[0.5ex] \hline 256  &amp;  256  ,  256  ,  256  &amp;  0.877 \\[0.5ex] \hline 256  &amp;  512  ,  512  ,  512  &amp;  0.872 \\[0.5ex] \hline 256  &amp;  1024  ,  1024  ,  1024  &amp;  0.771 \\[0.5ex] \hline 256  &amp;  2048  ,  2048  ,  2048  &amp;  0.683 \\[0.5ex]  \hline  \end{tabular} \end{minipage}% \hfill \begin{minipage}{.2\textwidth}     \begin{tabular}{| m{3cm} | m{4.3cm} | c |}   \hline  number of entity filter (size 1) &amp; number of context filters (size 2, size 3,  size4) &amp; Accuracy\\ [2ex]   \hline 512  &amp;  32  ,  32  ,  32  &amp;  0.910 \\[0.5ex] \hline 512  &amp;  64  ,  64  ,  64  &amp;  0.922 \\[0.5ex] \hline 512  &amp;  128  ,  128  ,  128  &amp;  0.909 \\[0.5ex] \hline 512  &amp;  256  ,  256  ,  256  &amp;  0.910 \\[0.5ex] \hline 512  &amp;  512  ,  512  ,  512  &amp;  0.883 \\[0.5ex] \hline 512  &amp;  1024  ,  1024  ,  1024  &amp;  0.730 \\[0.5ex] \hline 512  &amp;  2048  ,  2048  ,  2048  &amp;  0.682 \\[0.5ex] \hline 1024  &amp;  32  ,  32  ,  32  &amp;  0.925 \\[0.5ex] \hline 1024  &amp;  64  ,  64  ,  64  &amp;  0.931 \\[0.5ex] \hline 1024  &amp;  128  ,  128  ,  128  &amp;  0.920 \\[0.5ex] \hline 1024  &amp;  256  ,  256  ,  256  &amp;  0.917 \\[0.5ex] \hline 1024  &amp;  512  ,  512  ,  512  &amp;  0.899 \\[0.5ex] \hline 1024  &amp;  1024  ,  1024  ,  1024  &amp;  0.858 \\[0.5ex] \hline 1024  &amp;  2048  ,  2048  ,  2048  &amp;  0.776 \\[0.5ex] \hline 2048  &amp;  32  ,  32  ,  32  &amp;  0.933 \\[0.5ex] \hline 2048  &amp;  64  ,  64  ,  64  &amp;  0.934 \\[0.5ex] \hline 2048  &amp;  128  ,  128  ,  128  &amp;  0.925 \\[0.5ex] \hline 2048  &amp;  256  ,  256  ,  256  &amp;  0.928 \\[0.5ex] \hline 2048  &amp;  512  ,  512  ,  512  &amp;  0.907 \\[0.5ex] \hline 2048  &amp;  1024  ,  1024  ,  1024  &amp;  0.878 \\[0.5ex] \hline 2048  &amp;  2048  ,  2048  ,  2048  &amp;  0.798 \\[0.5ex]  \hline  \hline \end{tabular} \end{minipage} \caption{filter window size} \label{tab:config_filternum} \end{table}   \end{document}   What I have so far  EDIT: I followed the second solution from , and it somehow didn't work. I am not sure why. From Wikipedia: Fermi was known for his ability to make good approximate calculations with little or no actual data, hence the name. One example is his estimate of the strength of the atomic bomb detonated at the Trinity test, based on the distance travelled by pieces of paper dropped from his hand during the blast. Fermi's estimate of 10 kilotons of TNT was remarkably close to the now-accepted value of around 20 kilotons, a difference of less than one order of magnitude.  I have not been able to find any references explaining how he made this calculation. Please provide a reference or an example calculation.  See also: Concurrently interleaving execution of Lua and TeX in LuaTeX The usual way to interleave Lua and TeX in generating documents is by invoking Lua from Tex through the \directlua facility and generate Tex from Lua using tex.print().  For example, consider the Plain LuaTeX:  \directlua{     es=""; someluatex = function () tex.everypar="PAR!" end     tex.print("one", es, "two")     someluatex()     tex.print("three", es, "four") } five\bye   Looking at the document LuaTeX generates for that input, we see that someluatex() is run before the Tex backend does anything with the output: the PAR!s will be inserted before "one" and "two", as well as after "three".  Is there best practice for ensuring that TeX code issued by some Lua code is issued before some other LuaTeX code?  There are several ways to do this: with some code I am working with I am trying the following scheme:   Wrap the code executed by the \directlua in a coroutine, call it myco; At the point we want to ensure the Tex so far tex.print-ed is executed, use:  tex.print("\\directlua{coroutine.resume(myco)}") coroutine.yield()  If everything is in order, the Lua will resume after the Tex is processed.   This is not ideal, however: we must ensure that the TeX backend is in the right state to understand the \directlua command, which may not always be the case.  Is there a better way to achieve this? This question is a result of having too much free time years ago during military service. One of the many pastimes was playing tic-tac-toe in varying grid sizes and dimensions, and it lead me to a conjecture. Now, after several years of mathematical training at a university, I am still unable to settle the conjecture, so I present it to you.  The classical tic-tac-toe game is played on a $3\times3$ grid and two players take turns to put their mark somewhere in the grid. The first one to get three collinear marks wins. Collinear includes horizontal, vertical and diagonal lines. Experience shows that the game always ends in a draw if both players play wisely.  Let us write the grid size $3\times3$ as $3^2$. We can change the edge length by playing on any $a^2$ grid (where each player tries to get $a$ marks in a row on the $a\times a$ grid). We can also change dimension by playing on any $a^d$ grid, for example $3^3=3\times3\times3$. I want to understand something about this game for general $a$ and $d$. Let me repeat: The goal is to make $a$ collinear marks.  I assume both players play in an optimal way. It is quite easy to see that the first player wins on a $2^d$ grid for any $d\geq2$ but the game is a tie on $2^1$. The game is a tie also on $3^1$ and $3^2$, but my experience suggests that the first player wins on $3^3$ but the game ties on $4^d$ for $d\leq3$. It seems quite credible that if there is a winning strategy on $a^d$, there is one also on $a^{d'}$ for any $d'\geq d$, since more dimensions to move in gives more room for winning rows.  to a related question tells that for any $a$ there is $d$ so that there is a winning strategy on $a^d$.  This brings me to the conjecture:     There is a winning strategy for tic-tac-toe on an $a^d$ grid if and only if $d\geq a$. (Refuted by TonyK's answer below.)   Is there a characterization of the cases where a winning strategy exists? It turns out not to be as simple as I thought.  To fix notation, let $$ \delta(a)=\min\{d;\text{first player wins on }a^d\} $$ and $$ \alpha(d)=\max\{a;\text{first player wins on }a^d\}. $$ The main question is:     Is there an explicit expression for either of these functions?   Or decent bounds?   Partial answers are also welcome.   Note that the second player never wins, as was discussed in .    A remark for the algebraically-minded: We can also allow the lines of marks to continue at the opposite face when they exit the grid; this amounts to giving the grid a torus-like structure. Now there are no special points, unlike in the usual case with boundaries. Collinear points on a toric grid of size $a^d$ corresponds to a line (maximal collinear set) in the module $(\mathbb Z/a\mathbb Z)^d$. (If $a$ is odd, then $a$ collinear points in the mentioned module add up to zero, but the converse does not always hold: the nine points in $(\mathbb Z/9\mathbb Z)^3$ with multiples of three as all coordinates add up to zero but are not collinear.) This approach might be more useful when $a$ is a prime and the module becomes a vector space. Anyway, if this version of the game seems more manageable, I'm happy with answers about it as well (although the conjecture as stated is not true in this setting; the first player wins on $3^2$). I am trying to INSERT INTO a table using the input from another table. Although this is entirely feasible for many database engines, I always seem to struggle to remember the correct syntax for the SQL engine of the day (, , , , and ).  Is there a silver-bullet syntax coming from an SQL standard (for example, ) that would allow me to insert the values without worrying about the underlying database? How do I install the Nvidia drivers? I just ordered the Nvidia GTX card. I have a dilemma, though. Should I keep using the driver which is available in "additional drivers" in Ubuntu, or should I install the driver from the Nvidia site?  So which driver is the best for me? Endnotes do not be superscript and add a space How does the admissions process work for Ph.D. programs in the US, particularly for weak or borderline students? How can I check dependency list for a deb package How to put legend below the chart? I have the following code that produces a line chart:  \begin{figure}[p]     \centering \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[     use units,     cycle list name=exotic, %This defines the color. It produces nicer colors         width=15cm, height=8cm,     % size of the image         grid = major,         grid style={dashed, gray!30},         %xmode=log,log basis x=10,         %ymode=log,log basis y=10,         xmin=0,     % start the diagram at this x-coordinate         ymin=0,     % start the diagram at this y-coordinate         %/pgfplots/xtick={0,5,...,60}, % make steps of length 5         %extra x ticks={23},         %extra y ticks={0.507297},         axis background/.style={fill=white},         ylabel=Time,         xlabel=Number of Datapoints (n),         y unit=s,y unit prefix=m,         tick align=outside]        % import the correct data from a CSV file       \addplot table [col sep=comma,trim cells=true,y=Best Case (Ascending)] {datasets/time_mergesort.txt};           \addplot table [col sep=comma,trim cells=true,y=Average Case (Random)] {datasets/time_mergesort.txt};                     \addplot table [col sep=comma,trim cells=true,y=Worst Case (Descending)] {datasets/time_mergesort.txt};                      \legend{Ascending,Random,Descending}     \end{axis}  \end{tikzpicture}     \caption{Mergesort Run Time for Sorting Random Data}     \label{fig:merge_sort_from_csv} \end{figure}   And at the moment the legend appears on the chart on the upper right corner. I need to move that below the chart, or even to leave that on the chart but to move that on the upper left corner.   I have tried the solution mentioned at , but it did not work for me.  How can I move the axis in a different position? I am using a logit model. My dependent variable is binary. However I have an independent variable which is categorical and contains the responses: 1.very good, 2.good, 3.average, 4.poor and 5.very poor. So, it is ordinal ("quantitative categorical"). I am not sure how to handle this in the model. I am using gretl.  [Note from @ttnphns: Although the question says the model is logit (because the dependent is categorical), the crucial issue - ordinal independent variables - is basically alike, be the dependent categorical or quantitative. Therefore the question is equally relevant to, say, linear regression too - as it is to logistic regression or other logit model.] How to make nautilus forget saved password? I am browsing Shared folders on a Windows network through Samba.  When I first opened a system on the network I was asked for a login username, password and I checked the save-password setting. Now the shared folder opens directly without asking for authentication.  I want to browse the folder using a different user which has more access rights. How should I do that? I have Ubuntu 17.10 with GNOME 3.  What happens: I have (for example) LibreOffice Calc open, with some data columns in it.  I highlight the columns I want to chart, then I select INSERT > CHART.  The chart child window dialog pops up on top of my data, so I want to move it to the side.  When I grab the top bar and move it, the parent (spreadsheet) window minimizes (I think it actually disappears).  Continuing the above example, if I click FINISH on the chart window, I can then see the minimized spreadsheet application, which is the window title bar plus the menu bar just below it.  This seems like really odd behaviour and certainly falls under the category of "not being useful to the user", since the whole idea of moving the child window in the first place was just to be able to better see the spreadsheet!  In other applications, for example the PDF viewer, a slightly different problem occurs.  When I try to move the child window (for example the print dialog) the parent does not minimize but instead follows the child window around.  This is less surprising than having the parent disappear entirely but equally useless in terms of allowing the user to see the information present in the parent window.  Update 2017/11/06  Pomsky's answer below fixes the problem, but leaves me wondering why the window manager is making the decision that all child windows have modal behaviour (or don't), and not the applications themselves; and further, why modal behaviour prevents moving the child screen around when it obscures useful info on the parent screen.  Neither of these seem like good design to me... How do you read C declarations? Use of 'prototype' vs. 'this' in JavaScript? I need to make Windows 7 STOP disabling the wifi adapter when the wired LAN is connected This is a Dell Latitude E6430. There is a setting in the bios to control this behavior and I have DISABLED it but it still happens. I am also running the latest bios.  When I plug in a network cable the wifi adapter becomes disabled. I need it to stay enabled. What else could be making this happen?  EDIT: The reason I need to do this is because with NETSH WLAN commands you can create a wifi hotspot by sharing the internet connection on the wired adapter and broadcasting a ssid on the virtual wifi nic. I do this all the time but it's not working on this laptop. I'm wondering if it's a network security thing where I am. I'm going to try from my hotel tonight and report back. let's imagine i am at school with an android phone. I have a computer at home and that computer has a virtual machine working on it. here is the scenario, client and virtual client has ssh-client and ssh-server both and they can communicate each other in the local network.  when i want to connect to my virtual client from school by android phone through internet there must be an ip address.  the problem is virtual machine and client has the same public ip. so how do i connect one of the two machines?