I am learning various control techniques for 3-Phase ACIMs. So far I have understood about the SPWM implementation.. in which we save Sin values in a LUT and then modulate the duty-cycle of PWM wave using scaled values from the Sin LUT.  But regarding the SVPWM so I could not understand what are its implementation steps? Does it also require a Sin LUT or not?  And if I am implementing a scalar V/F control loop for the 3-Phase ACIM then is it possible to use SVPWM technique to drive the motor?
While learning 3-Phase scalar control of ACIM using STM32F407 MCU I could not clearly understand the diffrence between the following terms: 1. SPWM 2. 6-step PWM 3. SVMPWM  How do they differ from each other? Do we get the same 3-phase sinusoidals from each of the above PWMs and they are 3 different ways to implement it OR Do they differ in the output that we get from them also? Someone told me that SPWM is used to generate Phase-voltages while the other 2 techniques are used to generate Line-voltages. Is this the only difference between them?
How to measure GPU usage? Is it possible to create 3D red/cyan anaglyphs in a hand drawing? There are plenty tutorials online on how to create 3D red/cyan anaglyphs from existing photos in Photoshop or similar software. However, I'm wondering if it is possible to draw a 3D image by hand on for example a whiteboard using markers.  My plan is to tape together a red and blue marker and draw with it using the same rotation/inclination of the marker across the drawing. Will this give a 3D effect when viewed through red/cyan glasses? Or is the 3D anaglyph method more complex than just offsetting red and cyan lines? Remove the extra headers from the e-mails sent PHP mail function doesn't complete sending of e-mail How to draw Venn diagrams (especially: complements) in LaTeX What I am up to is to write some exercises dealing with logical formulas for my students, like:     And the students should draw these formulas on . At the end of the lesson, I really would like to print the correct answer for them. I found a great resource on a forum thread at , which helped me a lot to make up some Venn diagrams with tikz, but have some problems with visualizing complements, like ~A.  A simple, modified version of the TeX file found on the forum linked above, can be seen below, which produces the following expression:    \documentclass{letter}   \usepackage{tikz}   \def\firstcircle{(90:1.75cm) circle (2.5cm)}   \def\secondcircle{(210:1.75cm) circle (2.5cm)}   \def\thirdcircle{(330:1.75cm) circle (2.5cm)}   \begin{document}     \begin{tikzpicture}       \begin{scope}     \clip \secondcircle;     \fill[cyan] \thirdcircle;       \end{scope}       \begin{scope}     \clip \firstcircle;     \fill[cyan] \thirdcircle;       \end{scope}       \draw \firstcircle node[text=black,above] {$A$};       \draw \secondcircle node [text=black,below left] {$B$};       \draw \thirdcircle node [text=black,below right] {$C$};     \end{tikzpicture}   \end{document}   Which looks like:    Could anyone please help me out plotting/defining some expressions dealing with complements? A nice example could be:    That should look like: (image from )    I do not insist on the red color :)  I would like to use the simplest possible solution, as I would like to mass generate the exercises with the help of . So any suggestion dealing with gnuplot, R or any other opensource packages is welcome. Thank you!    UPDATE (25/01/2011): added details based on answers.  Thank you @Leo Liu, you helped me a lot! I modified a bit the code you suggested to be able to color the area outside of the two circles also (in the H universe), but have no idea how to set a background to that polygon also. The code:  \begin{tikzpicture}[fill=gray] % left hand \scope \clip (-2,-2) rectangle (2,2)       (1,0) circle (1); \fill (0,0) circle (1); \endscope % right hand \scope \clip (-2,-2) rectangle (2,2)       (0,0) circle (1); \fill (1,0) circle (1); \endscope % outline \draw (0,0) circle (1) (0,1)  node [text=black,above] {$A$}       (1,0) circle (1) (1,1)  node [text=black,above] {$B$}       (-2,-2) rectangle (3,2) node [text=black,above] {$H$}; \end{tikzpicture}   And the image generated:    I will also look for even odd rule in the near future which does not make sense for me at the moment but looks really simple and promising! Ubuntu 16.04 wifi not connecting Ubuntu 16.04 wifi not connecting  Wifi not connecting on Ubuntu 16.04. When I go to network settings to turn the wifi toggle on it immediately toggles back to off.   I've tried   $ sudo service network-manager restart   as well as multiple other suggestions but nothing seems to work ...  This is what I got when I typed   $ sudo lshw -C network   into the terminal...  description: Ethernet interface        product: RTL8101/2/6E PCI Express Fast/Gigabit Ethernet controller        vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.        physical id: 0        bus info: pci@0000:07:00.0        logical name: enp7s0        version: 0a        serial: ec:b1:d7:df:8d:40        size: 100Mbit/s        capacity: 100Mbit/s        width: 64 bits        clock: 33MHz        capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation        configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8107e-2_0.0.2 02/26/15 ip=10.50.18.72 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s        resources: irq:48 ioport:3000(size=256) memory:c3104000-c3104fff memory:c3100000-c3103fff   *-network DISABLED        description: Wireless interface        product: Wireless 3160        vendor: Intel Corporation        physical id: 0        bus info: pci@0000:08:00.0        logical name: wlp8s0        version: 83        serial: 34:e6:ad:9b:9c:63        width: 64 bits        clock: 33MHz        capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless        configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=4.4.0-47-generic firmware=16.242414.0 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abgn        resources: irq:52 memory:c3000000-c3001fff  I don't think the card is recognised with ifconfig   enp7s0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr ec:b1:d7:df:8d:40             inet addr:10.50.18.72  Bcast:10.50.31.255  Mask:255.255.240.0           inet6 addr: fe80::18b2:f378:6027:7c2b/64 Scope:Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:15630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:7899 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000            RX bytes:6370690 (6.3 MB)  TX bytes:1605183 (1.6 MB)  lo        Link encap:Local Loopback             inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1           RX packets:2709 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:2709 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1            RX bytes:217671 (217.6 KB)  TX bytes:217671 (217.6 KB)   but I think it's recognised in $ sudo lspci -vnn    08:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wireless 3160 [8086:08b3] (rev 83)     Subsystem: Intel Corporation Dual Band Wireless AC 3160 [8086:8070]     Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 52     Memory at c3000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]     Capabilities: [c8] Power Management version 3     Capabilities: [d0] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+     Capabilities: [40] Express Endpoint, MSI 00     Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting     Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 34-e6-ad-ff-ff-9b-9c-63     Capabilities: [14c] Latency Tolerance Reporting     Capabilities: [154] Vendor Specific Information: ID=cafe Rev=1 Len=014      Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi     Kernel modules: iwlwifi  Edit: $ rfkill list prints   0: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN     Soft blocked: yes     Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN     Soft blocked: no     Hard blocked: no 2: hci0: Bluetooth     Soft blocked: no     Hard blocked: no   I'd greatly appreciate any help, Thanks in advance. How to convert wstring into string? I can't download apps from the Play Store on my Android device (maybe due to a network issue), so I'm wondering how could I download the APK file of an app on my PC from ? Using ST_Union in PostGIS I have a spatial table (polygons,polylines) in a database. These are digitized by multiple people. For example, a state is divided into multiple Grids and given to multiple people to digitize using QGIS; which is connected to a postgres database. Now, I have to merge all those polygons and polylines. I don't know how to do this via ST_Union. I Used the following snippet to merge the polygons and polylines CREATE TABLE schema_name.polygon_un2 AS SELECT upg.un_geom,npg.Column1,npg.Column2,npg.Column3,npg.Column4,npg.Column5  FROM (  SELECT st_union(the_geom) As un_geom,(   SELECT oid FROM schema_name.polygon    WHERE oid = 100748191   ) FROM schema_name.polygon WHERE oid IN (100748191,100763519)  ) upg  INNER JOIN schema_name.polygon npg ON npg.oid = upg.oid;   DELETE FROM schema_name.polygon WHERE oid IN (100748191,100763519);  I have the interesecting polygon oid in a Seperate Table, I want to do this process in an update query and that should be a dynamic plpgsql function.  Green : Grid , Other : Polygon But This snippet did not work !! The snippet which i expect is  It should create a new row for the merged polygons and polylines (eg oid - 1 and 2 merged to oid 3).  The polygons which are not merged (eg 1 and 2 should be deleted) Stochastic processes book suggestions. I would like to find a book that introduces me gently to the subject of stochastic processes without sacrificing mathematical rigor. It would be great if the book has lots of examples and that the book is designed for undergraduates. Just like how there are rigorous undergraduate abstract algebra books (I am thinking of GAllian's contemporary modern algebra here).   I already studied measure theory, and prob. theory.  Thank you. What gifts would be welcome for a Swedish host family? Unary operator expected #!/bin/bash  SUBJECT="WARNING CPU USAGE HIGH" TO=gmail id MESSAGE=/tmp/messages echo "#######################" &gt; $MESSAGE echo "CPU statistics as follows.." &gt;&gt; $MESSAGE mpstat &gt;&gt; $MESSAGE echo "#######################" &gt;&gt; $MESSAGE CPU_USAGE=$(top -b -n1 | awk '/^Cpu/ {print $2}' | cut -d. -f1) [ $CPU_USAGE -gt 85 ] &amp;&amp; mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$TO" &lt; $MESSAGE`   ./cpu.sh: line 11: [: -gt: unary operator expected What might be the reason Draft watermark image just in a \section Is it possible to have a draft watermark only in a \section?  EDIT:  I have in a document more then one \section, and I need the draftwatermark just in some \section. Unfortunately the section with and without the draftwatermark share the page. For example I want the draftwatermark under the text of just one of these sections A,B,C  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{kantlipsum} % supply mock text  \begin{document}  \section{A}  \kant[2]  \section{B}  \kant[2-4]  \section{C}  \kant[2]  \end{document} is it possible to raise the tip while raising the back and lowering the center of the tongue when making /R/ sound? Following , this is how we correctly make the r sound:   Let the throat vibrate since it is voiced. Round the lip a little. Raise the tip of the tongue towards the hard bump behind the upper front teeth,  but do not let the tip of tongue touch the bump. This also makes the center of the tongue go down. The back part of the tongue is raised because you pull it into a tight ball Fold and raise the sides of the tongue so they touch the upper side-teeth.   If we follow the above requirement, our tongue should have an s shape when we pronounce the r sound as depicted in the following sketch:    Is it possible to raise the tip while raising the back and lowering the center of the tongue when making an r sound?   How do native speakers make an r?  P.S. My tongue is very short anyway! I've just seen that the reason of closing is missing in the reviewing page of closing votes.    Is it a temporary error or it's a bug?  EDIT: Seems that only when there are audits the reason is missing.  If I cannot upload image I will make an ASCII art:  Should this question be closed as: ? (less)  ┌────────────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐                                              │ Leave Open │ │Close│ │Edit│ │Skip│                                              └────────────┘ └─────┘ └────┘ └────┘ Leave Open if this question should not be closed  Close if this question should be closed for any reason; consider leaving an  explanatory comment before voting  Edit if this question could be improved so that it does not need to be closed  Skip if you are not sure and want to go to the next question `testl` eax against eax? I am trying to understand some assembly.  The assembly as follows, I am interested in the testl line:  000319df  8b4508        movl   0x08(%ebp), %eax   000319e2  8b4004        movl   0x04(%eax), %eax   000319e5  85c0          testl  %eax, %eax   000319e7  7407          je     0x000319f0     I am trying to understand that point of testl between %eax and %eax? I think the specifics of what this code isn't important, I am just trying to understand the test with itself - wouldn't the value always be true? Reducing resolution of huge categorical raster in QGIS? In our 5e game, we stole a boat. And a horse carriage. And a lot of other stuff for moving things between cities.   Our DM meant for this to be a way to skip road encounters. We decided to fund a shipping company and hire managers (Knights retainers, etc.) to turn a profit. The DM ruled that these would cover lifestyle expenses, provide us with easy smuggling, etc.   However, we want to keep tabs on the treasure we're moving back and forth.   What can we use for communicating with our managers from anywhere in the world? What about from say, across the city?  We don't need to communicate often or for long - a single round will work. All we need is for the manager to say "we need you back" Distance Between Two Points in Matlab Grep equivalent for Windows 7? Is there a command prompt  equivalent for Windows 7? That is, I want to filter out the results of a command:  Bash use:  ls | grep root  What would it be from a Windows command prompt?