[ I think this question here was originally too unclear. because I was still researching and figuring out exactly what I wanted to ask when I posted it. I edited it a few times, but I think my editing has changed the question enough that it's no longer clearly the same question as when I first posted it, so I decided I should probably post . ]  I make sauerkraut with 20 grams of salt per kilogram of cabbage.  Is the proportion different for pickling lemons/limes? I would guess maybe lower because of the citric acid already there...? I found  saying 5~10% for "North-African style", which is what I think I'm going for. (I used to get them at Morrocan stores, but the city I live in now doesn't have any.)  But if that "5~10%" is really by weight in the same way, then that's a lot more than the 2% for sauerkraut, which is surprising and confusing.  Also, I don't add any water to my sauerkraut, but maybe that's necessary for lemons/limes? In which case I would just salt the water at the same salt/water ratio as the salt/fruit, I assume?  The ones I used to get, I'm not sure, but I think they used .
I want to make Morrocan-stye pickled lemons, but I was only able to find , and it says:  In On Food and Cooking, Harold McGee suggests that a solution of five to 10% salt is needed to achieve a good North African-style preserved lemon  I make sauerkraut with 20 grams of salt per kilogram of cabbage, so 2%. So lemons taking much more salt than cabbage is surprising and confusing; since they start out acidic, I would expect them if anything to require less salt. I'm not worried about harmful microbes growing; I'm worried about the fermentation microbes not being able to grow. It's my understanding that higher salt concentrations with cabbage not only slow down fermentation, but actually .  had the same issues:  I've never quite understood the need for such excessive salting when making preserved lemons. They still ferment great at normal levels of salt, and you then need to worry less about them being overly salty to use in future recipes. As far as I can tell it's solely from tradition. Also, from checking out On Food and Cooking, it seems that McGee only points out that originally they are done with 5 to 10% salt content. I'm curious where you read/saw that he recommended such?  Does anyone have any text- and/or experience-based opinion agreeing or disagreeing with the &quot;5 to 10%&quot; figure?
When updating, I get the following error message:   W: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/mc3man/trusty-media/ubuntu xenial Release' does not have a Release file.   Here, I find another statement on this error:   This recommends removing certain PPAs; and, I'm not sure if I should do that since it might mean not getting the updates that I need.    Is this what I should do? Programs never open in foreground How can I make programs open in the foreground? Nautilus will open in the background, Remmina (the remote desktop program) also opens in the background. I have to click on the icon in the Launcher for it to come to the foreground. I would think any program that is invoked by any means would come to front, as it opens. It seems if one program invokes another, it will be in the background. If I click on any icons in the Launcher though, it will actually open in the foreground. Could gravity accelerate light? Gravity causes anything with energy to accelerate toward the source. Black holes, for example, have such strong gravity that they pull in light and don't let any escape. But can acceleration still apply to light? The speed of light is constant, of course, but why are photons affected by gravity yet aren't accelerated by it?  Edit: My main question is why photons aren't affected in the same way as most other particles. I'm perfectly aware that it cannot surpass lightspeed, but I want to know what makes it unaffected by acceleration while other particles are affected. The server version of Ubuntu does not have the  command. How can I add a  (PPA) to the server without this command? K-means is a widely used method in cluster analysis. In my understanding, this method does NOT require ANY assumptions, i.e., give me a dataset and a pre-specified number of clusters, k, and I just apply this algorithm which minimizes the sum of squared errors (SSE), the within cluster squared error.  So k-means is essentially an optimization problem.  I read some material about the drawbacks of k-means.  Most of them say that:   k-means assumes the variance of the distribution of each attribute (variable) is spherical;  all variables have the same variance; the prior probability for all k clusters is the same, i.e., each cluster has roughly equal number of observations;   If any one of these 3 assumptions are violated, then k-means will fail.  I could not understand the logic behind this statement. I think the k-means method makes essentially no assumptions, it just minimizes the SSE, so I cannot see the link between minimizing the SSE and those 3 "assumptions". Does the Draconic Bloodline sorcerer's Elemental Affinity feature apply to the spell Dragon's Breath? The  feature Elemental Affinity states:     [When] you cast a spell that deals damage of the type associated with your draconic ancestry, you can add your Charisma modifier to one damage roll of that spell.   The  spell (XGtE, p. 154) incorporates a damage roll, but it is not a direct consequence of the spell:     Until the spell ends, the creature can use an action to exhale energy of the chosen type in a 15-foot cone. Each creature in that area must make a Dexterity saving throw, taking 3d6 damage of the chosen type on a failed save, or half as much damage on a successful one.   Would one of these exhalations qualify for the application of the Elemental Affinity feature? If so, is only one eligible or every one throughout the duration of dragon's breath I'm transitioning a Drupal 6 site to Drupal 8.1 so following the official instructions, I set up a new install in its own directory. Since this is only one site, I followed the instructions to put my database credentials in sites/default/default.settings.php after the declaration of the $databases array.  Running drush --status returns the following.  Drush version          :  8.1-dev                                           Drush temp directory   :  /tmp                                              Drush configuration    :                                                    Drush alias files      :                                                    Drupal root            :  /media/psf/Home/apps/newp                         Drupal Settings File   :  MISSING   Since this Drupal is 8.1-dev that must mean I need to upgrade it. Since this is a global install using Composer, I run composer global update.     Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of   packages drush/drush dev-master requires codegyre/robo ~1.0.0-beta1   Checking the drush-ops page on github doesn't show any anomalies like this nor my Google search.   What am I overlooking? Setting chain length My chain broke and in a moment of silliness (I was cold wet and slightly annoyed)  I threw the broken one away before thinking about measuring the new one.  Is there a guide to getting the chain length/tension correct ?  It's an 8 speed road bike (Shimano Sora back, double ring front) How to avoid "completely" dark shadow using directional light (as Sun) ? Look at my scene:     Sun is rising and as you can see the scene is realistic; I mean, that what is in shadow is almost completely dark. This is correct, but i would like something less "dark", like an HDR.  These are some parameters i'm using:     This is my unique Light in scene (Sun):     I'm using also a Post-Processing profile with "Eye Adaption" unflagged.  Can you suggest me what i've to change to make my object affected by shadow less.. dark ?   Thanks How does ADR (Automated Dialogue Replacement) work?  There's an entry in Wikipedia that says what it is (essentially actors dubbing their lines in post production, sometimes requiring several takes) but I don't see what's "automatic" about it.  It doesn't seem to work all that well because I can almost always tell when it has been used. How can I install software or packages without Internet (offline)? I have a friend who has got a computer that is not connected to the Internet. Is there any way to install software offline easily? Should I use center or centering for figures and tables? What is the correct way to center figures and tables (figure, table)?  \begin{center} ... \end{center}   or   \begin{centering} ... \end{centering} linq: order by random What are the limitations on the Shape Water cantrip? I have been having a discussion regarding the Shape Water cantrip from the Elemental Evil Player's Companion. A friend and I are trying to come to an accurate view of how this spell actually functions.   Some example questions:   Must the targeted water be within a 5 foot cube area, or does it need to be of a volume not exceeding 125 cubic feet? If you shape water that is within a 5 foot cube, can the final shape you animate it to extend outside the cube? Can you cause the shaping to affect ice and snow, or only liquid water? Would you be able to carry a globe of water alongside you over distances?   Really, there are two parts:    What can be targeted by the spell? What are the limitations on the 'shape and animate' portion of the spell?   The answer I am looking for, if possible, would use the language of the spell, possibly with precedent from other game text, to clearly define the limitations of this cantrip. Sort arrays of primitive types in descending order Automatically turn on VPN on computer unlock Ubuntu 18.04 When I wake the laptop from the sleep I need to get the VPN state as I left it (turned on). Can't find the setting of autoconnect in VPN settings... Need some easy way to ask the system to autoconnect the VPN when the internet is available.  Edit based on comments:  Ubuntu 18.04 has no option to Always connect to VPN when using using this connection. Can sum of a rational number and its reciprocal be an integer? Can sum of a rational number and its reciprocal be an integer?   My brother asked me this question and I was unable to answer it.   The only trivial solutions which I could think of are $1$ and $-1$.  As to what I tried, I am afraid not much. I have never tried to solve such a question, and if someone could point me in the right direction, maybe I could complete it on my own.  Please don't misunderstand my question.   I am looking for a rational number $r$ where $r + \frac{1}{r}$ is an integer. Is it possible for information (like 1 and 0s) to be transmitted faster than light?   For instance, take a rigid pole of several AU in length. Now say you have a person on each end, and one of them starts pulling and pushing on his/her end.   The person on the opposite end should receive the pushes and pulls instantaneously as no particle is making the full journey.  Would this actually work? Notepad++ auto indent html code while writing I have seen many plugins in Notepad++ for indenting html code after you write the code, but is there a plugin or other method to auto intent html while you are writing the code?  Many of the other programming languages Notepad++ supports automatically indent while you are writing but html doesn't seem to have the same support.  Any ideas? Proof that any self-complementary graph has to have $4k$ or $4k+1$ vertex, for some $k \in \mathbb N$