This is what I have heard from someone who did his PhD at Princeton. Harvard, Stanford, Berkeley, Princeton, MIT, etc. are biased towards accepting candidates who got their degrees from those schools.
Recently, someone analyzed  and found that over half of the professors at the top 51 universities graduated from a top 10 university.  have also brought this up. From my personal observations, most schools do hire graduates from better ranked schools.  Is this because of the competitive job market? We have so many good applicants, we have to narrow it down some how! Or is it simply that these schools produce the most PhDs? Has this always been the case? How rare are exceptions to this? I know of a few people who graduated from a top 75 school and got hired at a top 50 school. But what about bigger gaps? The top 10 schools seem to just swap graduates, do they ever hire from a 50+ ranked school?  Update 2018: I have accepted a tenure-track position at a top 75 department at an R1 university immediately after graduating from an unranked department at an R2 university. It does happen! This may or may not generalize to other fields and countries.
"Improve" treated as improper response to proper response to audit I have a couple of questions about light here, and sorry of they are silly..  So since anything that goes beyond the event horizon can't go out, so what if a light beam was pointed somewhere behind the event horizon to the outside, would light have a slower speed then get sucked back? and what if the light particles were somehow exactly on the event horizon, would the light stand still?  And why can't light stand still? why does it always move at that really high speed? Grammatical complements for "allow" Are any of these verb phrases grammatical?        allows the user of modeling and resolving     allows the user to model and resolve      Which version of the following sentence is correct/better?        In particular, it allows to acquire a signal using a sample rate significantly lower than the one dictated by the Nyquist criterion.   In particular, it allows acquiring a signal using a sample rate   significantly lower than the one dictated by the Nyquist criterion.      I searched Google Scholar for "" and "", and it seems people use both more or less with the same frequency. What is Thanos's motivation for his action? If I had a gauntlet with essentially unlimited power, and my goal was to help make sure life in the universe was able to prosper, then my first thought toward this goal probably would not be      to extinguish half of all life.   This doesn't directly help anyone, and it is, at best, a temporary solution, since      populations will eventually grow back.   Assuming that I am not, in fact, secretly in love with an avatar of death itself, why would I choose to      commit universal genocide   instead of directly solving the limited resource problem?  So, to be specific, my question is: In-universe, what is Thanos's motivation for attempting to do this instead of more reasonable alternatives? How do I reset my manor so I can rebuild it with different options? Xubuntu 18.04 Persistent Live USB: Will persistence be carried upon full installation to a machine? I've created an Xubuntu 18.04 persistent live USB stick and installed several softwares for web development, such as XAMPP, Sublime Text 3, Google Chrome, etc.. I did some configurations as well in the ~/.bashrc file.  I am wondering if these installation and configuration in my persistent live USB stick be carried over in a full installation in to a new machine using it. Is it appropriate to use short form of "have" ('ve) when it means possession? I feel uncomfortable saying sentences like the following:    "I've a car" instead of "I have a car" "They've a great time" instead of "They have a great time" "He's a pen" instead of "He has a pen" etc   I ask this because I read this sort of thing in a book.  Are they correct? And what is the rule? Can you use such forms in a formal setting? Rewrite code to make it faster Prove that $\sum^{n}_{r=0}(-1)^r\cdot \large\frac{\binom{n}{r}}{\binom{r+3}{r}} = \frac{3!}{2(n+3)}$ Export nodes from Drupal 4? I am looking into updating a Drupal 4 site. The Node Export module does not seem to have a release suitable for Drupal 4. Can anyone recommend an alternative module or procedure?  The site is running Drupal 4.6.3. Childrens fantasy, blind monk leading boy who can control the elements How to insert HTML to PHP DOMNode? Which is the correct tense to use with 'by'? I gave him the money by 6 PM.   I had given him the money by 6 PM.   I can't spot the difference between them and both seem right, but I was told the first one is wrong. Can anyone say, why?  Here is a another set of sentences with the same issue:     By 5 PM I gave him the book.   By 5 PM I had given him the book.   In both the sentences the book was given before 5 PM and no later than 5 PM. But I can't understand then what the difference between them is.   Is it right to use simple past with 'by' at all? If yes, then why and if not, then why is it incorrect to use simple past with 'by'? Consider these two sentences: "I gave him a pencil," and, "I gave a pencil to him."  Is it correct that the important part of the sentence is placed at the end? When we want to emphasize the pencil that I gave him, must we say, "I gave him a pencil?" When we want to emphasize that it is him to whom I gave a pencil, must we say, "I gave a pencil to him?" How do I add new wallpapers? I have Ubuntu 11.10 installed and want to download and install additional wallpapers on my desktop.   How do I do this? Can anyone please give an example of why the following definition of $\displaystyle{\lim_{x \to a} f(x) =L}$ is NOT correct?:  $\forall$ $\delta &gt;0$ $\exists$ $\epsilon&gt;0$ such that if $0&lt;|x-a|&lt;\delta$ then $|f(x)-L|&lt;\epsilon$  I've been trying to solve this for a while, and I think it would give me a greater understanding of why the limit definition is what it is, because this alternative definition seems quite logical and similar to the real one, yet it supposedly shouldn't work. How far do you go with const?  Do you just make functions const when necessary or do you go the whole hog and use it everywhere?  For example, imagine a simple mutator that takes a single boolean parameter:  void SetValue(const bool b) { my_val_ = b; }   Is that const actually useful?  Personally I opt to use it extensively, including parameters, but in this case I wonder if it's worthwhile?  I was also surprised to learn that you can omit const from parameters in a function declaration but can include it in the function definition, e.g.:  .h file  void func(int n, long l);   .cpp file  void func(const int n, const long l)   Is there a reason for this? It seems a little unusual to me. Calculate distance of galaxy 13 billion years ago How can I calculate the distance of a point from Earth now vs 13 billion years ago? The excerpt below claims it is 8 times further now. Can someone provide relevant equations ? The origin of the value of speed of light in vacuum Meaning, why is it the exact number that it is? Why not 2x10^8 m/s instead of 3? Does it have something to do with the mass, size or behavior of a photon? To be clear, I'm not asking "how we determined the speed of light". I know there isn't a clear answer, I'm really looking for the prevailing theories. I noticed that the paper size invoked by a4paper is not working right in my examples:  \documentclass[a4paper,11pt,oneside]{article} \begin{document} Test \end{document}   I checked with Preview.app and it tells me the paper size is 21.59 cm × 27.94 cm. A4 should be 21.0 cm × 29.7 cm.  When I use \usepackage[a4paper]{geometry} I notice a different size of the paper (it gets narrower) and Preview.app says: 21.01 cm × 29.71 cm, which seems right. I can reproduce this exact behavior with every class: article, book etc., scrartcl, scrreprt, etc., g-brief2 except memoir which gives me 21.01 cm x 29.71 cm    Is there something wrong or am I missing something?