Where should I put the comma? Inside or outside the quotation marks? I need to put a quote in my research paper. My friends give me different answers so I'm confused now...  Would it be      According to "Title", "blah blah blah."   or     According to "Title," "blah blah blah."
When should end punctuation go inside quotes? I have been/am being taught that end punctuation should always go inside quotes. For example, you are supposed to write:     Marvin thought it was "awful."   The problem is I do not see how does this make sense. Intuitively, I always wrote:     Marvin thought it was "awful".   as that makes more logical sense — you want a quote to be an exact replication of what somebody else said, so why should you add punctuation inside?  I always thought it made more sense to not touch the quote and add anything after or before if it must be added.  So, why should I put end punctuation inside quotes?
How to know the model has started overfitting? has anybody been successful getting pandas to work with QGIS's Python installation, on Windows? I've used the OSGeo4W installer to install QGIS2.2, which comes with Python 2.7 and Numpy 1.5.1. Any reasonably new version of pandas requires Numpy 1.6.1 or newer. So that seems like my main problem. I've tried: - Building an older version of pandas (e.g. 0.7.3 and 0.4.1) using easy_install, but that gives me a very long list of errors, at least the last of which are related to distutils\msvc9compiler.py - Using binaries of old pandas versions, but they are all built for Numpy 1.6.1 - Upgrading Numpy, which also gives me an error message. In case anybody is interested, the message ends with "File “C:\OSGeo4W\apps\Python27\lib\distutils\msvc9compiler.py”, line 299, in query_vcvarsall” newline “raise ValueERror(str(list(result.keys())))” newline “ValueError: [u’path’]"  I'm wondering if anybody else has ever been successful in getting pandas to work with a QGIS install on Windows??  It would be so easy if QGIS would ship with, say, a version of Numpy that's less than three years old. Does anybody know if such an upgrade is in the works for upcoming QGIS versions? Avoiding errors due to unexpanded asterisk In bash I often use for-loops such as the following  for file in *.type; do    sommecommand "$file";  done;   to perform an operation for all files matching *.type. If no file with this ending is found in the working directories the asterisk is not expanded and usually I will get an error message saying that somecommand didn't find the file. I can immediately think of several ways to avoid this error. But adding a conditional does not seem to be very elegant. Is there a short and clean way to achieve this? When starring a message from the star board, it's not reflected in the main chat window If you click to star a post on the side (in the starred list), it changes color but not the star by the main chat area (it does add one to the number, but it doesn't change the color). Then when you click the star on the main chat area, it changes color to yellow but lowers the number by one  After clicking in sidebar:     After clicking in the main chat: I have read that positional parameters start at $1 (for example: $1, $2, $3 and so on are positional parameters). But $0 is not a positional parameter.  But why $0 is not a positional parameter?  I think this could be a reason, but not sure:  Positional parameters only take their values when a script is executed. For example: if we do ./myScript Hello, then $1 will have the value Hello. But $0 can take its value on two occasions: when a script is executed (it would have the value of the script name), and when bash itself is executed without a script (it would have the value bash or -bash). Why do we need Diffie Hellman? Diffie–Hellman offers secure key exchange only if sides are authenticated. For authentication, sides are using public/private key. So if side A knows the public key of the side B, then A can simply use that key to encrypt the message (or the new session key).  Why bother to use separate key exchange algorithm? What is a "hat"? What exactly is a hat?  I have seen a lot of people arguing the significance of hats and the limited edition hats. I know the hats are sort of linked to the Winterbash stuff, but what exactly is a hat, what does it do, how do I get one?  Is there a full list of hats? If I did  \setcounter{chapter}{-1} \chapter{Introduction}   then I get Chapter 0 Introduction. I just want the word Introduction, and I want it also in the contents when I use   \tableofcontents   How can I do that? How do you iterate backwards through an STL list? If you want to buy a house but you also think value will drop… is there something you can do to alleviate the risk? Disclaimer: yours won't be fiscal advice. People involved will consult a professional before doing anything. This is just to gather some preliminary information.  Situation:   you want to buy a house or a flat, in UK you will get a mortgage in GBP, but you'd pay the down payment in EUR you think that there are fairly high chances that the value of houses in UK and GBP will drop the whole point of this question is actually buying the house/flat, renting is not an option by definition   What can you do to mitigate that risk? Can I use Beetel 450TC1 as wireless router? Can I read the hash portion of the URL on my server-side application (PHP, Ruby, Python, etc.)? Is there a general rule for determining the direction of tension force? Tension, for me, is a tricky thing.  After finishing a related chapter of my book and watching a video, I still can't get a hang of it.  Here is a situation:   My knowledge is that tension, just like normal force, happens in  just the same way, but with the difference of a string attached.  It is understandable that in the picture, the string attached to the hanging mass has a tension directed upward, because it's weight is directed downward. (Action and reaction)  But what intrigues me is that applying the same logic, the horizontal mass is being pulled to the right, it would have been understandable if the tension is directed to the left.   also Can I think of tension as the reaction force when you pull, and normal force when you push?  update If I was to think tension as a reaction force in the first picture for the horizontal mass, then can the frictional force be the action force? (Ehh, I don't think that makes sentence. Friction is always reaction) Show that $f$ is differentiable on $(−1, 1)$. Let $f$ be a function defined on the interval $(−1, 1)$ such that for all $x, y \in (−1, 1)$, $$f(x + y) = \frac{{f(x) + f(y)}}{{1 - f(x)f(y)}}.$$ Suppose that $f$ is differentiable at $x = 0$, show that $f$ is differentiable on $(−1, 1)$.  Need your kind guidance and help. Thanks in advance! What level should I be to kill Alduin I am level 31 and I have the Elder Scroll. I am not sure if my level is high enough to go to Whiterun and trap one of Alduin's minions. What level should I be before I attempt it? Let $S$ and $T$ be finite non-empty sets such that $|S| = |T|$. Show that the function $f : S\to T$ is onto if and only if it is one-to-one. This is a recent homework bonus question assigned in my Proofs and Conjectures class. It (evidently) includes and evaluates our understanding of elementary-set theory and how to determine and prove that the function f is onto and one-to-one. I haven't been able to really grasp firmly how it is we do this. Help would be much appreciate, thank you. When you use the allowframebreaks option in beamer then you get additional frames if the content is too high for one frame. The vertical spacing gets disturbed when you use a list (itemize, enumerate, description), for example, see the following animation. I used the t option (for top alignment) for the frame.     \documentclass[aspectratio=169]{beamer}   \begin{document}  \begin{frame}[t,allowframebreaks] \frametitle{Frame Title} \setlength{\mylength}{\baselineskip} \begin{itemize} \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \end{itemize}  \end{frame}  \begin{frame}[t,allowframebreaks] \frametitle{Frame Title}  Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\ Text\\  \end{frame}  \end{document}    I thought of a solution, when I read  question where they explain the different length in lists. The main idea is to check if the current frame is not the first frame of a frame continuation and add the needed vertical space. I thought that \topsep is the needed length but apparently, it is not quite right. It ist almost perfect but it still "dances" a little bit. Which additional length do I need? Here's the animation and the used code.     \documentclass[aspectratio=169]{beamer}  \setbeamertemplate{frametitle continuation}{%     (\insertcontinuationcount)%     \ifnum\insertcontinuationcount&gt;1%     \vspace*{\topsep}%     \else%     %     \fi% }  \begin{document}  \begin{frame}[t,allowframebreaks] \frametitle{Frame Title}  \begin{itemize} \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \item Test \end{itemize}  \end{frame}  \end{document}   Related        Definition of \itemize in beamer  In beamerbaselocalstructure.sty I found  \renewcommand{\itemize}[1][]{%   \beamer@ifempty{#1}{}{\def\beamer@defaultospec{#1}}%   \ifnum \@itemdepth &gt;2\relax\@toodeep\else     \advance\@itemdepth\@ne     \beamer@computepref\@itemdepth% sets \beameritemnestingprefix     \usebeamerfont{itemize/enumerate \beameritemnestingprefix body}%     \usebeamercolor[fg]{itemize/enumerate \beameritemnestingprefix body}%     \usebeamertemplate{itemize/enumerate \beameritemnestingprefix body begin}%     \list       {\usebeamertemplate{itemize \beameritemnestingprefix item}}       {\def\makelabel##1{%           {%             \hss\llap{{%                 \usebeamerfont*{itemize \beameritemnestingprefix item}%                 \usebeamercolor[fg]{itemize \beameritemnestingprefix item}##1}}%           }%         }%       }   \fi%   \beamer@cramped%   \raggedright%   \beamer@firstlineitemizeunskip% }   But I do not understand where the different kinds of spaces are defined that cause the "dancing".  "Evil" Stuff in beamer  Motivated by the comment of @cfr I searched the beamer documentation for "evil" stuff -- this is what I have found (beamer guide version 3.41):   Do not use subsubsections, they are evil. Never ever use the evil option shrink.  Using this [again shrink] option is very evil. The use of this [allowframebreaks] option is evil. Using competitors domain with different ending to boost traffic Subsurf modifier rounding sharp edges I tried to apply a Subdivision Surface on a part of my object. I can't keep the angles sharp, they all turn into rounded angles.  The angle before applying the Subdivision surface...   ...And after If I create a custom environment based on the equation environment, I get a spacing issue: the next line of text after my environment closes doesn't start on the left margin.  Example code:  \documentclass{article} \begin{document} \newenvironment{myenv}{\begin{equation}}{\end{equation}} \noindent $| \leftarrow$ this is the left margin. \begin{myenv} e ^{i \pi} + 1 = 0 \end{myenv} $| \leftarrow$ this isn't the left margin. \end{document}   Output:    Removing the newline after \end{myenv} solves the spacing problem, but the resulting code is not readable.  Of course, in this example I could just use the equation environment itself. My real issue involves a more complex custom environment that suffers from the same problem, and which also includes an equation environment within it.