I have the following versions of the forest and etextools packages:  Package: forest 2015/07/15 v1.0.10 Drawing (linguistic) trees Package: etextools 2010/12/07 v3.1415926 e-TeX more useful tools for LaTeX pack age writers   When I try to compile the following MWE:  \documentclass{standalone}  \usepackage{forest} \usepackage{etextools}  \begin{document}   \begin{forest}     [a [b] [c]]    \end{forest} \end{document}   I get the following error:  ! Argument of \ettl@forloop has an extra }. &lt;inserted text&gt;                  \par  l.9   \end{forest}   The MWE works fine if I remove the etextools include. How can I use both at the same time?
The following code uses the etoolbox package to convert a list a,b,c into an internal list (called \mylist) and then typesets that with colons: a:b:c:.  However, when I load the etextools package (by uncommenting the second line), I get no list output.   \documentclass{minimal} \usepackage{etoolbox} %\usepackage{etextools} \begin{document} A list: \def\mylist{} \forcsvlist{\listadd\mylist}{a,b,c} \def\do#1{#1:} \dolistloop{\mylist} \end{document}   I suspect it is is a bug since etextools claims to depend on etoolbox.  Is this a bug or am I doing something wrong?  In either case, how can I use \dolistloop with  etextools (which I want for goodies like \expandnext)?  Notes   \show\mylist produces the same output a|b|c| in both cases, so the problem is with \dolistloop which expands to \forlistloop\do The \forlistloop command becomes substantially more complicated when etextools is used.  might be relevant (but not obviously).
difference between "function foo() {}" and "foo() {}" I can define bash functions using or omitting the function keyword. Is there any difference?  #!/bin/bash  function foo() {   echo "foo" }  bar() {   echo "bar" }  foo  bar   Both calls to functions foo and bar succeed and I can't see any difference. So I am wondering if it is just to improve readability, or there is something that I am missing...  BTW in other shells like dash (/bin/sh is symlinked to dash in debian/ubuntu) it fails when using the function keyword. What's a big-vocabulary word for someone with a big vocabulary? What's a big-vocabulary word for someone with a big vocabulary?  I'd like to say I'm looking for a "_____". Prove that the union of the interior of a set and the boundary of the set is the closure of the set I'll denote closure of A with $\overline{A}$, $A^\circ$ as the interior of A, $\partial A$ as the boundary of $A$ and $A'$ as the accumulation points. I'm trying to prove the following:   $$\overline{A}=A^\circ \cup\partial A$$  Is this a valid proof?  Take $x \in A^\circ \cup \partial A$ then $x \in A^\circ$ or $x \in \partial A$   if $x \in A^\circ$ then $x \in \overline{A}$  if $x \in \partial A$ then $x \in \overline{A} \cap\overline{(X\setminus A)}$ thus $x \in\overline{A} $ so $A^\circ\cup\partial A\subset\overline{A}$  Take $x \in \overline{A}$ then $x \in A' \cup A$ thus $x \in A'\setminus A$ or $x \in A^\circ$  if $x \in A'\setminus A$ then $x \in \overline{(X\setminus A)}$ so $x \in \overline{A}\cap\overline{(X\setminus A)}$ and $x \in\partial A$ so $x\in A^\circ\cup\partial A$  if $x \in A^\circ$ then $x \in A^\circ\cup \partial A$ so $\overline{A}\subset A^\circ\cup\partial A$ What if 'kill -9' does not work? I have a process I can't kill with kill -9 &lt;pid&gt;. What's the problem in such a case, especially since I am the owner of that process. I thought nothing could evade that kill option. NetworkOnMainThreadException What does eno mean in network interface name 'eno16777736' for CentOS 7 or RHEL 7? Under consistent network device naming scheme, what does 'eno' stand for in network interface name eno16777736 for CentOS 7 or RHEL 7? Overlapping text in Database Schema SEDE Over at , there is overlapping text in the Database Schema under Close-As-Off-Topic-Reason-Types:  that makes it really hard to read.  This is also happening underneath &quot;Pending Flags&quot;, and seemingly with every long line in the schema.  This would be fine if you could increase the width of the list as you can with the height, which would in theory separate the lines, but you can't.  Can we fix this, please?  UPDATE: I have found that  post is almost exactly the same as mine, but steady on with duplicate votes.   comment says that it will be fixed, but that question was asked more than five years ago, and in that time the problem has not been resolved.  UPDATE 2: It seems that  would help.  I changed a little CSS/HTML, and came up with this:  Although mine is a little cruder than it could be.  This is just an example. Is $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty} n$ comparable to $\aleph_0$? For example, can we say: $\infty=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty} n &lt; \aleph_0$?  These are two different types of structures. The limit being like the length, extension, or just generic magnitude and the other being cardinality of a set. Can we compare magnitude to cardinality?  Intuitively, we can reach $\aleph_0$ by counting the natural numbers on the number line and in the process will be approaching $\infty$. Which leads me to believe $\infty\leq\aleph_0$. But I can't see why it should be a strict inequality. I feel like they should be of equal magnitude.  I saw on a recent comment that $2^\infty=\infty$, but are those infinities really the same? It seems not to me. Of course we (usually) have that  $2^{\aleph_0}=\aleph_1$ where ${\aleph_0}$ and $\aleph_1$ are clearly two very distinct infinities, countable vs uncountable at least. Maybe one might argue that as far as the concept of magnitude is concerned, all infinities are "equal". Are moderator tools, specifically flagging or voting to close going to be implemented in the Android app? If we have a dispute, we should at least have the flag option.  What about share option? If we would like to share a question, we could long press on the question title, and the question title, excerpt, and short URL copied to clipboard. Can we use sine and cosine graphs for varying temperatures? I have been researching for a while looking for what to include more than just deriving the equation of Newton’s law of cooling and a website gave me inspiration by stating what if the temperature of the environment is changing (± C). In conclusion, I wasn’t sure if that person carried out the mathematical process in the right way and the only place I could ask for accurate information is here so please let me know what you think about the mathematical process he went for and if it is right or wrong. Thanks a lot. Website: Intuitive explanation of convergence in distribution and convergence in probability What is the intuitive difference between a random variable converging in probability versus a random variable converging in distribution?  I've read numerous definitions and mathematical equations, but that does not really help. (Please keep in mind, I am undergraduate student studying econometrics.)  How can a random variable converge to a single number, but also converge to a distribution? Functions of Independent Random Variables Is the claim that functions of independent random variables are themselves independent, true?   I have seen that result often used implicitly in some proofs, for example in the proof of independence between the sample mean and the sample variance of a normal distribution, but I have not been able to find justification for it. It seems that some authors take it as given but I am not certain that this is always the case. Are these plural or singular? I'm using 17.04 ( Clean Install ), and as far as I remember, every try to install any sofware- it fails with that error code.  I tried sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get upgrade and problem persists.  any idea why?   edit: Using software Updater gave this result :   edit : output of update  guy@LG-LAPTOP:~$ sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get upgrade [sudo] password for guy:  Ign:1 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty InRelease Ign:2 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-updates InRelease               Ign:3 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-backports InRelease             Err:4 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty Release                           503  Service Unavailable Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-security InRelease [89.2 kB]      Err:6 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-updates Release                   503  Service Unavailable Get:7 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu zesty InRelease [10.2 kB]             Err:8 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-backports Release                 503  Service Unavailable Get:9 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu zesty/partner Sources [1,416 B]       Get:10 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu zesty/partner amd64 Packages [1,616 B] Get:11 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu zesty/partner i386 Packages [1,612 B] Get:12 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu zesty/partner Translation-en [708 B] Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [11.7 kB] Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [9,219 B] Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [14.4 kB] Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [31.0 kB] Reading package lists... Done                                          E: The repository 'http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty Release' does no longer have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. E: The repository 'http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-updates Release' does no longer have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. E: The repository 'http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty-backports Release' does no longer have a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. guy@LG-LAPTOP:~$    output of apt get  guy@LG-LAPTOP:~$ sudo apt-get install putty Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed:   putty-tools Suggested packages:   putty-doc The following NEW packages will be installed:   putty putty-tools 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 661 kB of archives. After this operation, 2,713 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]  Err:1 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty/universe amd64 putty-tools amd64 0.67-3   503  Service Unavailable Err:2 http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu zesty/universe amd64 putty amd64 0.67-3   503  Service Unavailable E: Failed to fetch http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/putty/putty-tools_0.67-3_amd64.deb  503  Service Unavailable E: Failed to fetch http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/p/putty/putty_0.67-3_amd64.deb  503  Service Unavailable E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? guy@LG-LAPTOP:~$ How do I free up more space in /boot? My /boot partition is nearly full and I get a warning every time I reboot my system. I already deleted old kernel packages (linux-headers...), actually I did that to install a newer kernel version that came with the automatic updates.  After installing that new version, the partition is nearly full again. So what else can I delete? Are there some other files associated to the old kernel images?  Here is a list of files that are on my /boot partition:  :~$ ls /boot/ abi-2.6.31-21-generic         lost+found abi-2.6.32-25-generic         memtest86+.bin abi-2.6.38-10-generic         memtest86+_multiboot.bin abi-2.6.38-11-generic         System.map-2.6.31-21-generic abi-2.6.38-12-generic         System.map-2.6.32-25-generic abi-2.6.38-8-generic          System.map-2.6.38-10-generic abi-3.0.0-12-generic          System.map-2.6.38-11-generic abi-3.0.0-13-generic          System.map-2.6.38-12-generic abi-3.0.0-14-generic          System.map-2.6.38-8-generic boot                          System.map-3.0.0-12-generic config-2.6.31-21-generic      System.map-3.0.0-13-generic config-2.6.32-25-generic      System.map-3.0.0-14-generic config-2.6.38-10-generic      vmcoreinfo-2.6.31-21-generic config-2.6.38-11-generic      vmcoreinfo-2.6.32-25-generic config-2.6.38-12-generic      vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-10-generic config-2.6.38-8-generic       vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic config-3.0.0-12-generic       vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-12-generic config-3.0.0-13-generic       vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-8-generic config-3.0.0-14-generic       vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-12-generic extlinux                      vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-13-generic grub                          vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-14-generic initrd.img-2.6.31-21-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.31-21-generic initrd.img-2.6.32-25-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-12-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.38-12-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic   vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic   vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-13-generic   vmlinuz-3.0.0-13-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-14-generic   vmlinuz-3.0.0-14-generic   Currently, I'm using the 3.0.0-14-generic kernel. Proof verification: column rank = row rank $\newcommand{\span}{\operatorname{span}}\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}$I would like to prove that for every martix, column rank = row rank Let $A\in M_{m\times n}$ be some matrix. fix $R_A$ = vector space of the rows of $A$ , $C_A$ = vector space of the columns of $A$  $$\rank (R_A) = dim \ (\span \{R_1, R_2, \ldots, R_m\})$$ $$\rank (C_A) = dim \ (\span \{C_1, C_2, \ldots, C_n\})$$  let $x$ be some vector. $$x\in \operatorname{Null}(A) \Leftrightarrow \forall i  \ \ (1 \leq i \leq m) : \langle x,R_i\rangle = 0$$ (to be clear - I'm referring to the inner product of $x$ with each row of $A$) Using the rank nullity theorem, $\dim \operatorname{Null}(A) =  n - \rank(R_A)$ as $n$ =  number of columns. what I would like to do is to say: $$\dim \operatorname{Null}(A) =  n - \rank(R_A)$$ $$\dim \operatorname{Null}(A) = n - \rank(C_A)$$ therefore,  $\dim \operatorname{Null}(A) = n - \rank(R_A)= n - \rank(C_A)  \Longrightarrow \rank(R_A) = \rank(C_A) $ it that false? is using the rank- nullity  theorem this way is cheating? or just doesn't prove what needs to be proven formally? How close would you have to be to the merger of two black holes, for the effects of gravitational waves to be detected without instruments? Assume two black holes in the most common size range, spiraling into each other until they merge. The event releases significant amounts of energy via gravitational waves, which warp the space-time.  If the distortion is powerful enough, it would get noticed in daily life, or perhaps even detected by the proprioceptors in the human body.  How close, as an order of magnitude estimate, would you have to be to the merger to perceive it like that, without any instrument? "viruses" or "virii"? I have just started special theory of relativity. The limiting speed known as speed of light fascinated me most. I asked my teacher:      Consider two massless objects moving in the same direction at the speed of light. What would be their relative velocity w.r.t each other?   My teacher tells me that their relative velocity would be zero. But then the speed of light is universal constant regardless of the motion of its frame of reference, so shouldn't their relative velocity be $c$? What is their relative velocity and how? Do objects moving at the speed of light obey law of addition of velocities? Re-number a list when a new entry is inserted I have a text file of numbered entries:  1. foo 2. bar 100% 3. kittens 4. eat cake 5. unicorns 6. rainbows   and so on up to some large number. Then after an empty line, a new block starts from 1.  I insert a new entry, replacing, say, 4. and I need to renumber all the subsequent entries in the block:  1. foo 2. bar 100% 3. kittens 4. sunshine &lt; 5. eat cake 6. unicorns 7. rainbows