Create overlapping transparent images I want to achieve this effect in the image.  To make this I don't think a single pass to a stencil buffer would be enough because stencil buffers can't mask out the actual alpha inside of the intersections.    What I have now is this which is relatively easy to achieve.    But what I want to do is this.    I think this effect can be achieved by rendering another texture that completely replaces the pixels in the middle with transparency. But here I become confused. Is it really possible to "render transparency" insted of actual color pixels and how would I even use it in this case?  Much thanks if you want to help! :)
How to make unit selection circles merge? I would like to know how to make this effect of merged circle selection. Here are images to illustrate:     Basically I'm looking for this effect:    How the merge effect of the circles can be achieved ? I didn't found any explanation concerning this effect. I know that to project those texture I can develop a decal system but I don't know how to create the merging effect.  If possible, I'm looking for purely shaders solution.
How do I tell what gauge wire I need? I've been working on providing power for high current applications for my project. I'm working on a project with high current (or at least compared to what I'm used to...)  What a lot of people point to online is tables that you can look up the resistance for AWG per foot, and then you can calculate the current drop of your wire. However, with that current drop, how much of  a voltage drop will make my wire "too hot" and risk a fire? Am I looking at this the wrong way? How do I calculate the temperature of the wire and decide when it'll be too hot, and I should use a thicker wire? I have 3987MB of RAM on my laptop. Task (System) Manager says that I am using 700MB of this RAM, whilst the command "free -m" says I am using nearly 1500MB. Which one is correct and why do they show two different values?   Thanks for any help. Falsely accused witch befriends transforming dragon she was to be sacrificed to Story is in a medievalish setting and starts with a woman who has been falsely accused of being a witch being taken by 2 men to be sacrificed to a dragon.  She ends up befriending the (male) dragon, who is able to transform into various forms, including human, and can speak only the language of whatever form he is in. e.g. can speak English in human form, but can't in dragon form.  He needs to return to his dragon form every day at sunrise or he dies.  Contact with iron or steel causes him pain and prevents him from transforming.  Near the end of the book, he's been put in handcuffs by one of the two men from the start and the woman has to get the assistance of the other one (village blacksmith?) to remove them before sunrise, which they manage to do just in time.  I think I read it maybe 10 years ago.    I also remember it was a very short book, probably only about 100 pages. In the answer , the parser breaks my URL link.  The URL was with __word__:      http://www.open-mpi.de/projects/hwloc/doc/v1.2/group__hwlocality__membinding.php#gade5e2c28ea8475a479bf2b1df36c6ccd   After parsing, it becomes (&lt;a href is broken; no clickable link):  hwlocality_membinding.php#gade5e2c28ea8475a479bf2b1df36c6ccd"&gt;http://www.open-mpi.de/projects/hwloc/doc/v1.2/group_hwlocality_membinding.php#gade5e2c28ea8475a479bf2b1df36c6ccd   Short test:  http://example.com/_test_ -> test"&gt;http://example.com/test  Or if I put in a naked URL with _test_ just here: How can I disable the "no backup in x days" from TimeMachine? (Updated answer choice for High Sierra. See the old answer if you are still on Yosemite)  I'm running OS X Yosemite, and I want to disable the notifications from Time Machine. I rarely do a hard-drive backup because all of my essential files are in the cloud. I don't need to run timemachine as often as it suggests/warns/annoys me about.  How do I disable the notifications? Time Machine is not in the Notifications preferences, and I don't want to stop using it entirely. Is there a way to search the latest version of every file in TFS for a specific string or regex? This is probably the only thing I miss from Visual Source Safe...    Currently I perform a Get Latest on the entire codebase and use Windows Search, but this gets quite painful with over 1GB of code in 75,000 files.    EDIT: Tried the powertools mentioned, but the "Wildcard Search" option appears to only search filenames and not contents.  UPDATE: We have implemented a customised search option in an existing MOSS (Search Server) installation. I installed kubuntu-desktop just to experiment with its interface.  Then I decided to remove and did the traditional apt-get purge and autoremove but it seems elements of kubuntu are still there. For example interface elements, scrollbars, bootscreen etc are still there.  Is there any method I can completely remove without installing a fresh copy of ubuntu? I would like to configure my Ubuntu 12.04 server to synchronize its clock with a specific NTP server. Where to set this up? Relative log file matching with linux? Intersection of powers of an ideal in a Noetherian ring Given a Noetherian ring $R$ and a proper ideal $I$ of it.  Is it true that $$\bigcap_{n\ge 1} I^n=0$$ as $n$ varies over all natural numbers? If not, is it true if $I$ is a maximal ideal? If not, is it true if $I$ is the maximal ideal of a local ring $R$? If not, is it true under additional assumptions on $R$ (like $R$ is regular)? Has user testing found that the "three horizontal bars" for main menu on mobile is commonly understood? Is it correct to omit preposition before date? Can I visit Schengen countries on a Type-D Schengen Visa? I just came across this glowy ore, and my 'Sharp Silver Pickaxe' won't mine it. I'm playing on the PC version of Terraria, if that helps.  How do I mine the glowy ore block? is uniform convergent sequence leads to bounded function? Suppose there is there is uniform convergent sequence $(f_n)$ on the set $A$, and each $f_n$ is bounded on $A$, i.e., there exist $M_n&gt;0$ such that $|f_n(x)|\le M_n$ for all $x\in A$ Is it true that there exist a function $f$ that is bounded on set A? Can I prove it this way:  Since $f_n \to f$ uniformly on A, $\exists n \ge N$ such that $$|f_N(x) - f(x)| \le 1$$ and $$|f_n(x)-f_N(x)| \le 1$$  Therefore, $|f(x)| \le |f_N(x)|+1 \le M_N + 1$ and $|f_n(x)| \le |f_N(x)| + 1 \le M_N + 1$, $x \in A , n \ge N$  Let $M = \max\{M_1, M_2,\dots,M_N\} + 1$ : $|f_n(x)| \le M$, $\forall x\in A$  Therefore, $f$ is a bounded function on A. Determinant of a non-square matrix I wrote an answer to  question based on determinants, but subsequently deleted it because the OP is interested in non-square matrices, which effectively blocks the use of determinants and thereby undermined the entire answer. However, it can be salvaged if there exists a function $\det$ defined on all real-valued matrices (not just the square ones) having the following properties.   $\det$ is real-valued $\det$ has its usual value for square matrices $\det(AB)$ always equals $\det(A)\det(B)$ whenever the product $AB$ is defined. $\det(A) \neq 0$ iff $\det(A^\top) \neq 0$   Does such a function exist? Rename ToC, List of Figures, References I would like to know how to rename the standard list of figures, table of contents, and references. What I saw so far relying on \renewcommand{\contentsname}{name} did not work so far.  Here's the list of preambles I use:  \documentclass[12pt]{report} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}  \usepackage{fourier} \pagestyle{headings} \usepackage{marvosym} \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} \usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry} \usepackage{rotating} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{url} \usepackage{natbib} \usepackage{setspace} \linespread{1.5} \newenvironment{remark}{\par\mbox{}\par\noindent{\bfseries             \emph{Remark}\/}:\normalfont}{\par} \newenvironment{defin}{\par\mbox{}\par\noindent\bfseries \emph{\Pointinghand\     }\normalfont}{\par} \setcounter{toc**strong text**depth}{2}  \usepackage[colorlinks=true, a4paper=true, pdfstartview=FitV, linkcolor=blue, citecolor=blue, urlcolor=blue]{hyperref} \pdfcompresslevel=9 \setstretch{1.0} %vertical stretch \usepackage{fontspec} \setmainfont[BoldFont       = AvenirNextRoundedPro-Bold.otf , ItalicFont     =AvenirNextRoundedPro-Italic.otf]{AvenirNextRoundedPro-Reg.otf} \defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{array} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{hyperref} \hypersetup{ hidelinks, } \usepackage{ragged2e} \usepackage{euler} \usepackage[euler-digits,euler-hat-accent]{eulervm} \usepackage[labelfont=bf]{caption} \usepackage{wrapfig} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb}  \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage[nottoc]{tocbibind} %Adds "References" to toc \usepackage{titlesec} \titleformat{\chapter}[display]{\bfseries\huge}{\filleft\Large\chaptertitlename~\thechapter}{1ex}{\vspace{1ex}\filright}[\vspace{0.5ex}\titlerule] \usepackage{float} \usepackage{etoolbox} \makeatletter \patchcmd{\@caption}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname:}{}{} \renewcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{2em}{6em}} \let\l@table\l@figure  \makeatother % default for 3rd arg: 2.3em - for list of figures and tables \usepackage{background} \definecolor{textcolor}{HTML}{000000}             \newcommand\Text{c\quad o\quad n\quad f\quad i\quad d\quad e\quad n\quad t\quad i\quad a\quad l} \SetBgColor{textcolor}\SetBgOpacity{0.3}\SetBgAngle{90}         \SetBgPosition{current page.center} \SetBgVshift{-0.33\textwidth} \SetBgScale{1.8}         \SetBgContents{\sffamily\Text} %for confidential   I also use TexMaker. I do not know how relevant it is, but here my document language is set to English (even if it's not the language I write in, in that document, but it isn't a problem seemingly). What I also saw is that, if I remove babel and the references, I can rename my ToC and LoF, LoT. But I need the references though. Any tip would be very welcome!  Edit: I cannot provide text data from my project, because it is confidential. Here's what I can provide from the main document. Here is what I can include more.  \begin{document} \include{02_front}  \setcounter{page}{0} \pagenumbering{roman} \tableofcontents \listoffigures \listoftables \newpage \setcounter{page}{0} \pagenumbering{arabic} \chapter{blabla} \section{test é è åøæ î} \appendix \bibliographystyle{plain}  \bibliography{80_refs}   \end{document}   Also, I actually finished writing my thesis but I need to summarize it briefly in another language, am would be extremely unwilling to test and remove packages that "might be" not very useful. I literally only have to change these names of ToC, LoF, ToF and references. I am a Chinese citizen married to a US citizen last year. I am going to apply for a UK tourist visa. The name shows on my passport is my maiden name, while any other documents the UK visa needed, such as bank statement, is with my married name. I can provide my marriage license to prove the link between my maiden name and married mane.   Can I apply for this UK visa with my situation? How to calculate overlap between empirical probability densities? I'm looking for a method to calculate the area of overlap between two kernel density estimates in R, as a measure of similarity between two samples. To clarify, in the following example, I would need to quantify the area of the purplish overlapping region:  library(ggplot2) set.seed(1234) d &lt;- data.frame(variable=c(rep("a", 50), rep("b", 30)), value=c(rnorm(50), runif(30, 0, 3))) ggplot(d, aes(value, fill=variable)) + geom_density(alpha=.4, color=NA)     A similar question was discussed , the difference being that I need to do this for arbitrary empirical data rather than predefined normal distributions. The overlap package addresses this question, but apparently only for timestamp data, which doesn't work for me. The Bray-Curtis index (as implemented in vegan package's vegdist(method="bray") function) also seems relevant but again for somewhat different data.  I'm interested in both the theoretical approach and the R functions I might employ to implement it. Partial instead of full markers are shown in PGFplots When using  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{pgfplots} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}         \begin{axis}                     \addplot             [                 red,                 solid,                 mark=x,                 domain=-3e-3:3e-3,                 samples=50             ]              {exp(-x^2/(2e-3^2))/(1e-3*sqrt(2*pi))};         \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}    \end{document}   the markers look fine, see    , but when I replace solid with, for instance, loosely dashed, so  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{pgfplots} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}         \begin{axis}                     \addplot             [                 red,                 loosely dashed,                 mark=x,                 domain=-3e-3:3e-3,                 samples=50             ]              {exp(-x^2/(2e-3^2))/(1e-3*sqrt(2*pi))};         \end{axis}     \end{tikzpicture}    \end{document}   the markers only show partially instead of fully, see    . How can I use loosely dashed with full markers showing?