unordered output from python script I have a bash script that executes a python script like.  python script_name.py &gt;&gt; output.log 2&gt;&amp;1   As you can see I want standard output and std error in the same file called output.log.  However, the script_name.py is executing a system command using os.system method. Let's assume following is the python script.  import os print('Executing python script') os.system('echo Helloworld') print('python script finished')   Now the output.log file is getting the output from the python script. But the output from os.system method is being logged first. So the output.log file is having the output as:  Helloworld Executing python script python script finished   But I want the print statement to be logged first.  However, If I execute the script directly without the bash script. I get the following output in the console.  Executing python script Helloworld python script finished
Disable output buffering Is output buffering enabled by default in Python's interpreter for sys.stdout?  If the answer is positive, what are all the ways to disable it?  Suggestions so far:   Use the -u command line switch Wrap sys.stdout in an object that flushes after every write Set PYTHONUNBUFFERED env var sys.stdout = os.fdopen(sys.stdout.fileno(), 'w', 0)   Is there any other way to set some global flag in sys/sys.stdout programmatically during execution?
How to get the full executable name of a running process in Linux Man clones himself to have the clone do things he doesn't enjoy I read a short story about four years ago and can't remember the title or author. The only thing I know is that it is relatively old -- like Huxley or Asimov era. Can anyone help me?   The basic synopsis is this: a man clones himself and has his clone do the parts of his life that he doesn't enjoy. He deceives his wife about this; she doesn't know he has a clone. Whenever the man and the clone are both home, the clone is locked in the "toolbox" in the basement. The clone starts to treat the man's wife better than he had previously. His wife starts to fall in love the clone, and the man decides he needs to get rid of the clone. When he tries to do so, the clone overpowers the man and locks him in the toolbox in the basement!  I'm hoping to share this story with my English class this school year. Any help is appreciated! Ignoring BGRT: invalid status 0 (expected 1) How to copy files into /usr/local/? (permission denied) I'm still a little new to Ubuntu and was wondering how I can copy files, in this case Aptana Studio, to /usr/local/ without being denied.   Is there a way to do it in terminal? Or a way to allow myself permission?  I should add that I am using 10.10 Desktop edition, not server. Explanation of method for showing that $\frac{0}{0}$ is undefined (This was asked due to the comments and downvotes on this  answer. I am not that good at maths, so was wondering if I had made any basic mistakes)  Ignoring limits, I would like to know if this is a valid explanation for why $\frac00$ is undefined:     $x = \frac00$    $x \cdot 0 = 0$        Hence There are an infinite number of values for $x$ as anything multiplied by $0$ is $0$.   However, it seems to have got comments, with two general themes.  Once is that you lose the values of $x$ by multiplying by $0$.  The other is that the last line is:      $x \cdot 0 = \frac00 \cdot 0$   as it involves a division by $0$.  Is there any merit to either argument? More to the point, are there any major flaws in my explanation and is there a better way of showing why $\frac00$ is undefined? In 2018, Kyle Reese (a normal civilian who wasn't part of Resistance) was on the top in the hit list of Skynet. It means that Skynet of that time had information from future about Kyle Reese being father of future leader of human resistance. Right?  Why didn't Skynet kill Kyle Reese instantly after his detection kicking John Connor out of existence? How do I get the path and name of the file that is currently executing? I have scripts calling other script files but I need to get the filepath of the file that is currently running within the process.   For example, let's say I have three files. Using :   script_1.py calls script_2.py.  In turn, script_2.py calls script_3.py.    How can I get the file name and path of script_3.py, from code within script_3.py, without having to pass that information as arguments from script_2.py?  (Executing os.getcwd() returns the original starting script's filepath not the current file's.) Is there a way to assign a value to a variable, that value which we get in terminal by writing any command?  Example command: sensors  From that we get CPU temperature. How can I assign this value to a temp_cpu variable? MySQL Error 1093 - Can't specify target table for update in FROM clause I keep hearing about tandem breakers, and how they won't work with 240V loads and how they should never be used for a multi-wire branch circuit.  Aside from those issues...  What is a tandem breaker?     (note: they can be thrown independently). Can anyone identify this 90s teen-fantasy series, gems in backbone, big magic, evil king? I've never really got how chmod worked up until today. I followed a tutorial that explained a big deal to me.   For example, I've read that you've got three different permission groups:   owner (u) group (g) everyone (o)   Based on these three groups, I now know that:   If the file is owned by the user, the user permissions determine the access. If the group of the file is the same as the user's group, the group permission determine the access. If the user is not the file owner, and is not in the group, then the other permission is used.   I've also learned that you've got the following permissions:   read (r) write (w) execute (x)   I created a directory to test my newly acquired knowledge:  mkdir test   Then I did some tests:  chmod u+rwx test/ # drwx------ chmod g+rx test/ # drwxr-x--- chmod u-x test/ # drw-r-x---   After fooling around for some time I think I finally got the hang of chmod and the way you set permission using this command.    But...  I still have a few questions:   What does the d at the start stand for? What's the name and use of the containing slot and what other values can it hold? How can I set and unset it? What is the value for this d? (As you only have 7=4+2+1 7=4+2+1 7=4+2+1) Why do people sometimes use 0777 instead of 777 to set their permissions?   But as I shouldn't be asking multiple questions, I'll try to ask it in one question.  In UNIX based system such as all Linux distributions, concerning the permissions, what does the first part (d) stand for and what's the use for this part of the permissions? Omitting the Milliseconds in a Date It isn't any of the words on this  and I believe it started with the letter 'e' (though please offer your word even if it doesn't).  Example sentence: Because he researched what he had heard from his friends, he was able to refute many of their _________________.  Factoid seems to be the closest one, but the word I am looking for only refers to a belief that is false. Beamer and description environment text size K-means is a widely used method in cluster analysis. In my understanding, this method does NOT require ANY assumptions, i.e., give me a dataset and a pre-specified number of clusters, k, and I just apply this algorithm which minimizes the sum of squared errors (SSE), the within cluster squared error.  So k-means is essentially an optimization problem.  I read some material about the drawbacks of k-means.  Most of them say that:   k-means assumes the variance of the distribution of each attribute (variable) is spherical;  all variables have the same variance; the prior probability for all k clusters is the same, i.e., each cluster has roughly equal number of observations;   If any one of these 3 assumptions are violated, then k-means will fail.  I could not understand the logic behind this statement. I think the k-means method makes essentially no assumptions, it just minimizes the SSE, so I cannot see the link between minimizing the SSE and those 3 "assumptions". No indent in the first paragraph in a section? How to edit 'etc/hosts' file in non-rooted phone? Designer Added then removed by Visual Studio on load/unload Formation of ammonia from air and moisture On extended bicycle trips I sometimes slept under a plastic sheet, which helped with mosquitoes on hot nights. But there was a noticeable build-up of ammonia which made this almost impossible for more than an hour or so at a time.   Air is mostly nitrogen $(N_2)$ and there is always water (containing hydrogen) on a humid day. But I wonder about the mechanism for the formation of ammonia under these circumstances? There are (according to Wiki) trace amounts of methane and $H_2$ in the air. But methane and hydrogen (g) are I think pretty stable.   I wonder if the presence of exhaled air (containing $CO_2)$ could be a factor?  Thanks for any ideas.