I understand that calling new in C++ is equivalent to calling malloc in C, and the pointer returned by the malloc function can be freed when free is called. Array obtained by calling 'new' int[length] are stored in heap. However, what if a static array such as int x[3] = {1,2,3}; was declared? Where will such an array be stored at? Stack?
In what segment (.BSS, .DATA, other) of an executable file are static variables stored so that they don't have name collision? For example:   foo.c:                         bar.c: static int foo = 1;            static int foo = 10; void fooTest() {               void barTest() {   static int bar = 2;            static int bar = 20;   foo++;                         foo++;   bar++;                         bar++;   printf("%d,%d", foo, bar);     printf("%d, %d", foo, bar); }                              }   If I compile both files and link it to a main that calls fooTest() and barTest repeatedly, the printf statements increment independently.  Makes sense since the foo and bar variables are local to the translation unit.  But where is the storage allocated?  To be clear, the assumption is that you have a toolchain that would output a file in ELF format.  Thus, I believe that there has to be some space reserved in the executable file for those static variables. For discussion purposes, lets assume we use the GCC toolchain.
How to make a cylinder / pipe with slanted ends (like pasta penne)? How to model an entity type that can have different sets of attributes? Using [Authorize] without SimpleMembershipProvider I have latitude and longitude as 19.0649070739746 and 73.1308670043945 respectively.   In this case both coordinates are 13 decimal places long, but sometimes I also get coordinates which are 6 decimal places long.   Do fewer decimal points affect accuracy, and what does every digit after the decimal place signify? I want to find all files which contain a specific string of text. The grep command works, but I don't know how to use it for every directory (I can only do it for my current directory). I tried reading man grep, but it didn't yield any help. How to prevent freehub body damage? I feel like this is poor design. I have two wheelsets that are less than a year old which have damaged freehub bodys due to cogs digging in to the splines on the freehub. It's so bad that I can't remove the cassette spacer without filing down the splines. I had to use  pliers and chain whip to remove the cogs that were embedded in the freehub when trying to remove the cassette.  Most of the damage is on the center of the cassette as the largest 3 cogs are held together by carrier. I'm using a shimano 105 cassette and  Novatec disc hub and Velocity ATB convertible disc hubs (which were somewhat damaged in the same fashion, but not as bad as the novatec).  I'm using this bike for cyclocross, offroad exploring, light singletrack use, Rail trails and some road riding.    How can I prevent this damage to the freehub from happening? Replace unknown reference (?) with the tag from \ref or \cite While working on a document, it would be helpful if instead of a ? for unresolved references or citations the tag used in the \ref{thisthings} or \cite{Bloke1978} could appear instead.  Is there a package that turns on this behaviour? Sampling with replacement or without replacement I'm writing a program in R that simulates bank losses on car loans.  Here is the questions I'm trying to solve:  You run a bank that has a history of identifying potential homeowners that can be trusted to make payments. In fact, historically, in a given year, only 2% of your customers default. You want to use stochastic models to get an idea of what interest rates you should charge to guarantee a profit this upcoming year.  A. Your bank gives out 1,000 loans this year. Create a sampling model and use the function sample() to simulate the number of foreclosure in a year with the information that 2% of customers default. Also suppose your bank loses $120,000 on each foreclosure. Run the simulation for one year and report your loss.  B. Note that the loss you will incur is a random variable. Use Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the distribution of this random variable. Use summaries and visualization to describe your potential losses to your board of trustees.   C. The 1,000 loans you gave out were for 180,000. The way your bank can give out loans and not lose money is by charging an interest rate. If you charge an interest rate of, say, 2% you would earn 3,600 for each loan that doesn't foreclose. At what percentage should you set the interest rate so that your expected profit totals 100,000. Hint: Create a sampling model with expected value 100 so that when multiplied by the 1,000 loans you get an expectation of 100,000. Corroborate your answer with a Monte Carlo simulation.  I'm confused about how to set up this simulation up from a high level point of view and have the following questions: 1. For part A, Should I create a pool of 1000 customers or should I create a larger pool of customers? 2. For part A, when sampling, do I sample with or without replacement? 3. For part B, I'm confused about how to set up the monte carlo simulation.  Am I varying the size of the customer pool? 4. For part C, I'm not sure how to set up a sampling model that involves the interest rate.  Any advice or guidance would be appreciated.  I'm also thinking that if I fully understood the high level concepts for parts A and B, part C might not be such a mystery. When will my device get the Android 4.4 update (KitKat)? Android 4.4 (KitKat) was officially announced on October 31, 2013.  (You can review  at the official Android Developer's site or the .)  Of course, not all devices will get this update right away and others won't get it at all. Each manufacturer and carrier often choose to add their custom modifications which tend to delay the official release.  When will each device get Android 4.4, either officially or unofficially, if ever?  See also: Compute $\frac{1}{e}\sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{n^{k}}{n!}$ for $k=0, 1, 2 ... $ Using some matlab (I know it's cheating) I found that: $$k=0 =&gt; Result=1$$ $$k=1 =&gt; Result=1$$ $$k=2 =&gt; Result=2$$ $$k=3 =&gt; Result=5$$ $$k=4 =&gt; Result=15$$ $$k=5 =&gt; Result=52$$ $$k=6 =&gt; Result=203$$  This sequence is puzzling... In our network the name of the network domain is also the domain of the organization's website (say, example.com). Externally, people can enter example.com to visit our website, but internally, this points to one of the several domain controllers, we have for Active Directory, some of which do not even run a webserver.   As a result of this, links to http://example.com don't work internally (only www.example.com does work internally).  How do we point http requests transparently to the web server, and what side effects does this have? InDesign: How do I automatically align the bottoms of different columns of text boxes to the same height as the one with the most text? In InDesign, I have some filled text boxes, sized by columns, with the one on the left being three columns wide.   The wide text box is most likely to contain the most text (it's an invoice template).  I will use the 'Fit frame to content' button on the Selection Tool toolbar for automatically vertically resize it to fit the containing text.  How do I make the other three smaller text frames automatically adjust to the same height as the big (and longer) text box? How to add a node in the middle of the line with tikz? Are there integer solutions to $9^x - 8^y = 1$? This came up in proving non-regularity of a certain language (powers of 2 over the ternary alphabet). Any clue to the above equation could help me move forward.  Edit: Of course, $x = 1, y = 1$ is a solution. I am looking for non-trivial solutions. Will Unity allow making custom launcher icons from .desktop files or via menu editing system? (Right now the launcher doesn't give the option to "keep in launcher" on all programs.  For some programs I use, I have to make custom launchers or .desktop files.  For instance, daily blender builds are generally just folders with an executable.  In basic Gnome or KDE, I can make a new menu entry with the menu editing system. Then, I can also add it to Docky either from the menu or by dragging a .desktop file to it. Unity launcher doesn't support drag and drop, so thats not a bug or anything, but when I open a .desktop file, it has unpredictable results. Most time it will not have "keep in launcher". Sometime it will have a pinnable item without the .desktop's icon, and if I pin the item to the launcher, it will not call upon the program again after closing it. I've also gotten it to just work with a .desktop file for celtx. Allow flags on locked posts I am trying to update Xcode to 8.0. My OS is 10.11.6 El Capitan. However I am getting:     We could not complete your update   There is not enough disk space available to install the product.   I have got 14.22 GB free space. How much do I need?  UPDATE: I do not know the exact figure, though I did manage to update with 17.21 GB free space later on. Order of a homomorphism of groups How to catch the "Login Failed" event? I want to show a custom block, only when log in has failed. So from visibility settings I have to put a PHP code that returns TRUE only when the login has failed.  But how could I "catch" that event? Do I have to use variable_get(..)? And if yes, how could I use that?with what attributes?  Thank you. How to make itemize/enumerate/description environment robust to missing \item elements? Is there any way to make LaTeX tolerate empty itemize/enumerate (i.e. no \item)?  Specifically, I would welcome any package/elegant hack that would gracefully "cancel" a list if no elements are found (instead of firing up a Latex Error).  Before jumping to the obvious answer (which I expect would be something along the lines of "don't use itemize if you don't have items to put in" ;)) please consider my use-case:   I want to format remotely stored elements (say, bibliographic items), which I can only access as an XML file.  &lt;elems&gt;   &lt;bibelem&gt;&lt;title&gt;Cool result 1&lt;/title&gt;&lt;author&gt;joe&lt;/author&gt;&lt;/bibelem&gt;   &lt;bibelem&gt;&lt;title&gt;Cool result 2&lt;/title&gt;&lt;author&gt;jim&lt;/author&gt;&lt;/bibelem&gt; &lt;/elems&gt;  I have a python script that downloads/parses the XML and outputs its content in a file bib.tex as a list of Latex macros-decorated data  \BibElem{Cool result 1}{joe} \BibElem{Cool result 2}{jim}  Now, I want to grant the end-user complete control over the styling of her/his produced document, so the intended usage within Latex is something like  \documentclass{article} \begin{document}   \newcommand{\BibElem}[2]{\item {\em #1} by {#2}}   \begin{itemize}     \input{bib.tex}   \end{itemize} \end{document}    The rationale behind this design choice is that the user should be restricted as little as possible in her/his styling choices. For instance, the user may either want to display the bibelems within a list as shown in the example, or may prefer a fancy-formatted tabular. On the other hand, the user should design the latex document once, and should be able to run it regardless of the amount of data produced by the source.  Therefore, the python script cannot make any assumption regarding the context in which its latex product will be included, and it should be up to the user to deal with empty bibliographies, i.e. with empty lists. How could one possibly do that?  Update: Werner proposed a nice solution that redefines the list environment to make Latex oblivious of the fact he is currently in a list. However, this only seems to work if the empty list is the last list in the document, as revealed by the following mwa:    \documentclass{article} \makeatletter \newenvironment{myitemize}   {\itemize}   {\@newlistfalse\enditemize} \makeatother \begin{document}   % Empty Itemize   \begin{myitemize}   \end{myitemize}   % Next non-nested itemize environment (can be itemize/enumerate/description)    \begin{myitemize}     \item Arghh!   \end{myitemize} \end{document}