What will be the general formula for the series: $1^1 + 2^2 + 3^3 + 4^4\ldots$  The series diverges, but can we have a formula to find the sum of $n$ terms.
Is there a way of finding a formula for $\sum\limits_{k=1}^n k^k$? Maybe I'm missing something really obvious, but I've looked around a bit on the Internet and I haven't been able to find anything.  So, what I'm looking for is a formula in closed form to generate the sequence $1,5,32,288,3413,\dots$
How to rename objects with python? I've got a utility that outputs a list of files required by a game.  How can I run that utility within a C program and grab its output so I can act on it within the same program? UPDATE: Good call on the lack of information.  The utility spits out a series of strings, and this is supposed to be portable across Mac/Windows/Linux.  Please note, I'm looking for a programmatic way to execute the utility and retain its output (which goes to stdout). I have been running  over some C# code, and it keeps reporting that my using directives should be inside the namespace.  Is there a technical reason for putting the using directives inside instead of outside the namespace? Reading order for Cosmere series by Brandon Sanderson My entry into Brandon Sanderson's works is Mistborn Trilogy, I finished and loved it. Then I got to know that many of his series are connected and happen in the same universe - Cosmere. Next I started with the Way of Kings, but am now kind of worried if I might read the series in the wrong order. So what is the right order to read them? is it the publication order..?   Elantris (2005)  Mistborn Trilogy Warbreaker (2009) The Stormlight Archive: The Way of Kings (2010) Mistborn: The Alloy of Law (2011) The Emperor's Soul (2012, novella) Shadows for Silence in the Forests of Hell (2013, short story published in Dangerous Women) The Stormlight Archive: Words of Radiance (2014)    or I have seen people suggest the following order too,   Mistborn Trilogy Elantris and the Emperor's Soul The Way of Kings Warbreaker Words of Radiance The Alloy of Law Shadows of Self   I have also read posts where they say it doesn't matter which order you read it in. So am confused, since I have already started the Way Of Kings (Only a few chapters in), should I stop it and go back to Elantris, and follow an order, or should I just continue finish this and pick other books in an order. Sometimes, I notice the following message on the Questions tab in my profile on Stack Exchange site:  Have you considered accepting an answer or starting a bounty for this question?  When does this message get displayed? Is it based on time of non-availability of answers or inactivity period? How to apply standardization/normalization to train- and testset if prediction is the goal? Why does a relay have a minimum applicable load? I am trying to find relays for my application and I read  which looks fine but specifies     Minimum applicable load: 10mV 10µA   In my circuit, it is expected that the relay closes but no voltage and current is applied. You can think of it as 2 relays in series where one is open and one is closed, so there is no current. This sounds like something I'd do since I was at school.  Why would a relay require a minimum voltage and current on the load side? Is it allowed to operate that relay under my conditions or not? What could possibly break in a relay if I don't respect this requirement? What does "minimum applicable load" mean? When and how do I need to consider this value? Problem with long chapter title and arsclassica Adding values to a C# array Probably a really simple one this - I'm starting out with C# and need to add values to an array, for example:  int[] terms;  for(int runs = 0; runs &lt; 400; runs++) {     terms[] = runs; }   For those who have used PHP, here's what I'm trying to do in C#:  $arr = array(); for ($i = 0; $i &lt; 10; $i++) {     $arr[] = $i; } How to implement uniform grids Up until now, I implemented all-against-all collision detection in my games. It worked fine.  But I reached a point where implementing this kind of collision detection, makes the game run poorly, because there are two many objects to iterate through and check for collision.  I have searched this site and found something about 'uniform grids'. But I didn't completely understand what it is and how to implement it. Tried to Google it but nothing easy enough to understand came up.  I am a beginner to 2D-game programming. Do you mind trying to explain to uniform-grids, or link me to some good tutorial?  Thanks a lot Variable number of arguments in C++? If I create a file and then change its permissions to 444 (read-only), how come rm can remove it?  If I do this:  echo test &gt; test.txt chmod 444 test.txt rm test.txt   ...rm will ask if I want to remove the write-protected file test.txt. I would have expected that rm can not remove such a file and that I would have to do a chmod +w test.txt first. If I do rm -f test.txt then rm will remove the file without even asking, even though it's read-only.   Can anyone clarify? I'm using Ubuntu 12.04/bash. I'm using Drupal 7.  Is it possible to add a CC to a webform email?  I was using   function theme_webform_mail_headers($variables) {   $headers = array(     'X-Mailer' =&gt; 'Drupal Webform (PHP/' . phpversion() . ')',   );   return $headers; }   changing it with      function MYTHEME_webform_mail_headers($variables) {       $headers = array( 'CC' =&gt; 'ccmeail@domain.com', 'X-Mailer' =&gt; 'Drupal Webform (PHP/'. phpversion() .')',  );       return $headers;     }   It does not work, I've cleared all the chaches and it does not add the CC. How could I add the CC?  Thanks in advance. During my attempt to upgrade my Xubuntu 14.04 installation with  sudo apt-get dist-upgrade   I made the mistake of interrupting the process by closing my laptop, which caused it to suspend to disk. After re-opening, the monitor remained black, so I was forced to reboot the system. I have since discovered many failures of drivers (wlan0 missing, USB memory stick cannot be mounted, USB mouse not recognised, and maybe more undiscovered problems with hardware).   My beginner's attempts to manually repair the single problems could have made it even worse. During the installation of the current distribution I chose to encrypt my whole hard disk. Keen eye for detail (or details?) Which one is correct? "To have a keen eye for detail" or "To have a keen eye for details"? Execute script after specific delay using JavaScript Is there any JavaScript method similar to the jQuery delay() or wait() (to delay the execution of a script for a specific amount of time)? US Election results 2016: What went wrong with prediction models? First it was , now the US election. Many model predictions were off by a wide margin, and are there lessons to be learned here? As late as 4 pm PST yesterday, the betting markets were still favoring Hillary 4 to 1.  I take it that the betting markets, with real money on the line, should act as an ensemble of all the available prediction models out there. So it's not far-fetched to say these models didn't do a very good job.  I saw one explanation was voters were unwilling to identify themselves as Trump supporters. How could a model incorporate effects like that?  One macro explanation I read is the rise of . The question then is how could a statistical model capture a macro trend like that?  Are these prediction models out there putting too much weight on data from polls and sentiment, not enough from where the country is standing in a 100 year view? I am quoting a friend's comments. titlesec: loss of section numbering with the new update (2016/03/15) After reinstalling TeXLive distribution (install-tl-20160318, Ubuntu 14.04), a issue occurs with the updated version of the titlesec package: the section numbering is lost.  What could it be missing? Is there a modification I have not seen?  Below is a MWE comparison of the two versions. The prevtitlesec package is a reinstall of the previous version (2011/12/15).  \documentclass{book} \usepackage[margin=2cm,a4paper]{geometry} %\usepackage{prevtitlesec}% 2011/12/15 version \usepackage{titlesec}% 2016/03/15 version \usepackage{lipsum}  \begin{document}  \chapter{Title of the first chapter} \lipsum[1] \section{A test section} \lipsum[4] \subsection{A test subsection} \lipsum[4] \subsection{A test subsection} \lipsum[4]  \end{document}   titlesec package 2011/12/15:    titlesec package 2016/03/15: What is the Python equivalent of static variables inside a function? What is the idiomatic Python equivalent of this C/C++ code?  void foo() {     static int counter = 0;     counter++;     printf("counter is %d\n", counter); }   specifically, how does one implement the static member at the function level, as opposed to the class level? And does placing the function into a class change anything? Can I, as a reviewer, tell authors to get a native English speaker to proofread their paper? I am reviewing a paper for possible publication in a respected journal. The English in the paper is very poor. The authors are clearly not native English speakers. I want to write something to the effect of the following in my review.   I advise the authors to find a native English speaker to proofread the manuscript.    My question: Is this appropriate in a review?  On one hand, I think it is good, constructive advice. The paper would be significantly clearer if someone spent a few hours helping them fix it up. I can try to help them through reviewer comments, but it would be much easier if someone could help them in person. The authors are located in a western English-speaking country, so they should be able to find someone.  On the other hand, I don't want to be "the mean reviewer." I understand that English can be difficult to master for immigrants. Perhaps there is a more diplomatic way of saying this.