Let's say I have a function in Python:  def foo(x,a=".",b=2):     ...   and I have a dictionary:  param_dict = {'a':'!', 'b':5}   How would I be able to communicate the values in param_dict to foo, matching the corresponding dictionary key to the argument name, and do so in an automatic way?  (i.e., not manually writing out foo(x,a=param_dict['a'],b=param_dict['b']))  Also would like it so that if the corresponding key isn't found in param_dict, the default value of the argument is kept.
In the following method definitions, what does the * and ** do for param2?  def foo(param1, *param2): def bar(param1, **param2):
Literature with Biber generates strange citations: firstnames appear erratically I had been using bibtex and then biblatex for quite some time. For the newest edition of my book I moved to biber. I happened t notice that firstnames are sometimes generated and sometimes not. Has this been observed by others?   I have tried to make a minimal example but without success. Using the following code, which shows all the commands related to biblatex I have in my preamble I could not get the firstnames to be shown. Even with the stylefile I made for this book (second line) the error did not occur.  I have a dropbox with the latex files for the book available. I can give access to these.   What do you propose?  \documentclass[fontsize=10pt,twoside]{scrbook} \usepackage{hormonbuch} \usepackage[%   style=authoryear%   ,natbib=true%   ,sorting=nyt,backend=biber,doi=false,isbn=false,url=false]{biblatex} \addbibresource{../Literatur/EndokrinologieKundeNourl.bib}  \renewcommand*{\bibpagespunct}{\addcolon} \DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{#1}  \renewrobustcmd*{\enquote}{}  \renewbibmacro{in:}{%       Herbert Voss auf http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/10682/suppress-in-biblatex   \ifentrytype{article}{}{%   \printtext{\bibstring{in}\intitlepunct}}}  \renewbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%   \usebibmacro{journal}%   \setunit*{\addspace}%   \iffieldundef{series}     {}     {\newunit      \printfield{series}%      \setunit{\addspace}}%   \usebibmacro{volume+number+eid}% %  \setunit{\addspace}%   \newunit}  \renewbibmacro*{volume+number+eid}{%   \printfield{volume}% %  \setunit{\addcolon\space}%   }% % \renewbibmacro*{note+pages}{%   \printfield{pages}%   \newunit} % \begin{document}  \citet{CRT+88,FDe+85} \citep{CRT+88,FDe+85} \cite{CRT+88,FDe+85}  \printbibliography  \end{document} If $f(0)=0$ then prove that $|f(z)+f(-z)| \leq 2|z|^2$ Let , $\Delta = B(0,1)$.  If $f:\Delta \rightarrow \Delta$ is holomorphic, and $f(0)=0$, prove that $|f(z)+f(-z)| \leq 2|z|^2$.  My attempt so far:  $\displaystyle f(z) = \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_n z^n = \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_{2n} z^{2n} + \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_{2n+1} z^{2n+1}$  $\displaystyle f(-z) = \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_n (-z)^n = \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_{2n} z^{2n} - \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_{2n+1} z^{2n+1}$  Then, $\displaystyle f(z)+f(-z) = 2  \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_{2n} (z^2)^n =: 2 g(z^2)$  If $g(\Delta) \subset \Delta$, as $g(0) = 0$, I can invoke Schwarz Lemma and I win. However, I don't know how to prove this. Could anyone help me? Thanks! How do I efficiently iterate over each entry in a Java Map? Converting a string to a tuple in python Grub not loading after Windows 8 Install Why is orbital angular momentum not 0 when spin and linear momentum are not collinear?   Why can it be 0 when spin and linear momentum are parallel?  Like in the example of a scalar field at rest decaying into an electron and a positron via interaction $\frac{1}{2}g\phi \bar{\Psi}\Psi $   If spin is along x axis and three-momenta is along z axis, decay rate will be 0 if two spins are opposite because orbital momentum is not 0 after decaying. Can we query the info from "Data Management -> Storage Usage" through SOAP API? Can Dementors die? Based upon , J.K. Rowlings has apparently stated "You cannot destroy Dementors, though you can limit their numbers if you eradicate the conditions in which they multiply, ie, despair and degradation."  Does this mean that the number of Dementors is always either increasing or remaining the same?  If they cannot be destroyed, does that mean they are immortal?  Or do they die of "natural causes"? Some of my Apps Icons are changing to a generic app icon, and I have no idea why. Tried to restart the system and nothing. 3 days ago i updated my Skype and then the icon is gone. Blowing your own sail? How it this possible? Even if the gif is fake, the Mythbusters did it and with a large sail it really moves forward. What is the explanation? How do I set focus follows mouse? Is there a way to set up "focus follows mouse" behavior in Unity? I am trying to use following apex class with invocable method but its not showing in process builder.  global with sharing class SlackOpportunityPublisher {      private static final String slackURL = 'https://testsalesforceapps.slack.com/';      global class Oppty {         @InvocableVariable(label='Opportunity Name')         global String opptyName;         @InvocableVariable(label='Stage')         global String stage;     }      @InvocableMethod(label='Post to Slack')     global static void postToSlack(List&lt;Oppty&gt; oppties) {         Oppty o = oppties[0]; // If bulk, only post first to avoid overloading Slack channel         Map&lt;String,Object&gt; msg = new Map&lt;String,Object&gt;();         msg.put('text', 'The following opportunity has changed:\n' + o.opptyName + '\nNew Stage: *' + o.stage + '*');         msg.put('mrkdwn', true);         String body = JSON.serialize(msg);             System.enqueueJob(new QueueableSlackCall(slackURL, 'POST', body));     }      global class QueueableSlackCall implements System.Queueable, Database.AllowsCallouts {          private final String url;         private final String method;         private final String body;          global QueueableSlackCall(String url, String method, String body) {             this.url = url;             this.method = method;             this.body = body;         }          global void execute(System.QueueableContext ctx) {             HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();             req.setEndpoint(url);             req.setMethod(method);             req.setBody(body);             Http http = new Http();             HttpResponse res = http.send(req);         }      }  } listings package in XeLaTeX: every tab in lstlisting compiles to "^^I" in the pdf In beamer class, when i compile using LaTeX, the output pdf results perfectly the way i expect it to. But when i change it to XeLaTeX, in the lstlisting environment, every tab in the code results in a "^^I"-Placeholder (See output-pdf below). How do I fix this?   if( Bedingung ) {  ^^I//Code, der nur ausgefuehrt wird, wenn die Bedingung wahr ist   }  ^^I^^I   LaTeX-Code (Reduced to the minimum, one frame as an example):  \begin{document}     \begin{frame}[fragile]{if-Statements}         \begin{block}{Syntax}                \begin{lstlisting} if( Bedingung ) {     //Code, der nur ausgefuehrt wird, wenn die Bedingung wahr ist }                    \end{lstlisting}         \end{block}         \begin{block}{Logik}                 \begin{itemize}                  \item Alles innerhalb eines if-Blocks wird nur ausgeführt, wenn die Bedingung (in Klammern) wahr ist.             \end{itemize}         \end{block}     \end{frame} \end{document} failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted I'm trying to list services on my CentOS image running in Docker using  systemctl list-units     but I get this error message:  Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted   Any suggestions what the problem might be? Why girth of Petersen Graph is five? (Proof) I want to know, what is the mathematical proof that shows the shortest cycle in Petersen Graph has length five? Robocall claiming to be IRS saying they are about to sue - Is it legit? We got a recorded call with a message claiming to be from the IRS.  It said they were giving final notice and preparing to file a lawsuit against us.  In our case, the message went to voicemail so the end was cut off, but it seemed like a scam all the way. (We don't have any pending problems with the IRS as far as we know.)  The question was whether this is a known scam? How do I determine how many spell slots I have when multiclassing? How do I determine how many spell slots I have if I multiclass into more than one spellcasting class? For example, I have a character that is a level 3 Wizard, a level 5 Eldritch Knight Fighter, a level 4 Arcane Trickster Rogue, a level 4 Paladin, and a 4 Warlock. How many spell slots do I have and how do I determine this? I have a hook_form_alter in a module, and it should be firing, but it appears it's not. I've cleared caches and rebuilt the registry. Is there someplace in the database or somewhere else where I can see if my hook is registed? FWIW here is my hook:  /**  * Implements hook_form_alter  */ function my_module_form_alter(&amp;$form, &amp;$form_state, $form_id) {   drupal_set_message($form_id); } Meaning of U suffix I want to find the $nth$ derivatives of the function $e^{f(x)}$ with respect to $x$, the first derivative is $$e^{f(x)}f^{\prime}(x).$$  The second derivative is $$\left( {\frac {d^{2}}{d{x}^{2}}}f \left( x \right)  \right) {{\rm e}^ {f \left( x \right) }}+ \left( {\frac {d}{dx}}f \left( x \right)   \right) ^{2}{{\rm e}^{f \left( x \right) }} .$$ The third derivative is $$\left( {\frac {d^{3}}{d{x}^{3}}}f \left( x \right)  \right) {{\rm e}^ {f \left( x \right) }}+3\, \left( {\frac {d^{2}}{d{x}^{2}}}f \left( x  \right)  \right)  \left( {\frac {d}{dx}}f \left( x \right)  \right) { {\rm e}^{f \left( x \right) }}+ \left( {\frac {d}{dx}}f \left( x  \right)  \right) ^{3}{{\rm e}^{f \left( x \right) }} $$  The fourth derivative is $$ \left( {\frac {d^{4}}{d{x}^{4}}}f \left( x \right)  \right) {{\rm e}^ {f \left( x \right) }}+4\, \left( {\frac {d^{3}}{d{x}^{3}}}f \left( x  \right)  \right)  \left( {\frac {d}{dx}}f \left( x \right)  \right) { {\rm e}^{f \left( x \right) }}+3\, \left( {\frac {d^{2}}{d{x}^{2}}}f  \left( x \right)  \right) ^{2}{{\rm e}^{f \left( x \right) }}+6\,  \left( {\frac {d^{2}}{d{x}^{2}}}f \left( x \right)  \right)  \left( { \frac {d}{dx}}f \left( x \right)  \right) ^{2}{{\rm e}^{f \left( x  \right) }}+ \left( {\frac {d}{dx}}f \left( x \right)  \right) ^{4}{ {\rm e}^{f \left( x \right) }} $$  My question is: Is there a general formula or a pattern for the nth derivative of $e^{f(x)}$. You may use the maple command diff(exp(f(x)), x$5) to do some experiments. Thanks a lot ^^