For example, Debian repository uses links without HTTPS: deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main  deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main  deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main  How is it checked that loaded data from the repository is correct and have not been replaced? Checksum (SHA256) is transmitted by encrypted compound and is compared with the downloaded data via HTTP from the repository?
What security systems and processes are in place to prevent malicious third parties from hacking/compromising the security of code in the Debian mirrors, or to verify that the packages we get are in fact the ones the maintainers think they are?
window.onbeforeunload and window.onunload is not working in Firefox, Safari, Opera? Leave Convert to Edit button enabled all the time in the moderator flag list In the moderator flags list, there is a &quot;Convert to Edit&quot; button on answers which are posted by the person who posted the question. This button is disabled at times, and I am not sure that the algorithm used is useful. My proposal is that the Convert to Edit button in the flag list should always be enabled, as it seems fairly frequent that it's disabled when it would be useful. Justification When the button is disabled, it is required that we pop open the answer view in the flag list, and use the regular Mod menu and choose convert to edit there. When we do that, however, we experience this issue:  (that should also be fixed, by the way!) Here are two items currently in the queue:    Note that one has the button enabled, while the other does not. The only differences I can see in those two answers is the age and the number of answers. Neither question has an accepted answer, but the one with the button disabled only has that single answer. I've only just now noticed that difference with these two posts, so I'm not 100% sure if that's the determining factor. 1 It is perhaps coincidental, but these buttons being (dis)abled are reverse of the action needing to be taken. The one with the disabled button needed to be converted to an edit; the one with the enabled button was an attempt to answer their own question. If I'm right about the determining factor here (that the answer is the only one), I'm not sure that's useful. A good bit of the time, an asker will post an answer due to people requesting additional information. In such cases, it seems like it will be likely there are no other answers. 1  Note 1: I was looking to create a userscript to enable these buttons, and I found something that I think is related as to the reason. It looks like the ones which are disabled are on answers which have comments on them. I noticed the title attribute of those buttons says, &quot;There are comments on the post. Please review&quot;. That does seem to make some sense in theory. However, it still seems like I am often converting them, anyway. With the above-linked, separate issue regarding how the 'mod' link on the expanded view works, this is still a bit of an impediment to our workflow. It occurred to me to check if the button was reenabled once you expanded the view, but it does not. Maybe that's an alternate solution. My plan for my userscript is to enable the button, but change the text color (and leave the title attribute), to point out that there are comments. I can't run Cisco packet tracer 7.1 on Ubuntu I have downloaded and extracted the packet tracer file, then I used this command as root  chmod +x install   then I ran (as root)  ./install    Then I used this command   ./set_ptenv.sh   but whenever I run this command   packettracer    it just doesn't start Reset the password in Ubuntu / Linux Bash in Windows I have installed Linux Bash on Windows 10 (available from Microsoft), but I've forgotten my password.  I've searched for a solution but I only find suggestions that involve doing something before the system boots, like accessing recovery mode, but that will not work in this case as this Ubuntu is just an application within a Windows system and doesn't have its own boot process.  How can I reset my password? Pick a class that has access to the Extra Attack feature. For my example, I'll use my standby, Fighter McFighterson.  Let us say that McFighterson is 20th level, and possesses the Dual Wielder feat. He is currently holding a greatsword, and has two longswords accessible.  As a reminder, two weapon fighting says:     When you take the Attack action and attack with a light melee weapon that you're holding in one hand, you can use a bonus action to attack with a different light melee weapon that you're holding in the other hand...[snip]   And Dual Wielder:     [snip]... You can use two-weapon fighting even when the one handed melee weapons you are wielding aren’t light.   You can draw or stow two one-handed weapons when you would normally be able to draw or stow only one. ...[snip]   Can McFighterson make all of the attacks granted by Extra Attack (3, in this case) with his greatsword, drop the greatsword "for free", draw two longswords (as permitted by Dual Wielder), use his last attack to attack with one longsword, then two-weapon-fight with the second longsword?  Making the attack sequence look something like: Greatsword, Greatsword, Greatsword, Longsword1, Longsword2.    Related: Inner join using an array column Having trouble indexing and executing a query in O (log n) time.  The query includes an INNER JOIN, an ORDER BY, and an equality operation. If I understand the laws of databases correctly, a query can be indexed and executed in O (log n) time (or thereabouts) if a non-equality operator is not used on more than one column. In this case, I believe the INNER JOIN does count as an equality operator and the non-equality operator would be the ORDER BY portion of the query. This table has upwards of 10,000,000 rows and needs to handle several reads and writes per second.  Using PostgreSQL. This is what the table looks like. As you can see, the column 'Names' is a list property and it is the column that the INNER JOIN goes against:  Age Names                       Date 34  ['carla', 'john', 'sam']    3/13/2011 26  ['json', 'cindy', 'joel']   3/13/2011 72  ['beth', 'amber', 'susie']  3/13/2011 14  ['john', 'jim', 'debie']    3/13/2011   This is the query that we are trying to do:  SELECT * FROM the_table WHERE Age==26 AND Names=='john' ORDER BY Date   My background is from using App Engine's Big Table, so I've used equality operators here to indicate that 'john' should be one of the names in the Names column. This would be an acceptable query in GAE's big table, it would execute in O (log N) time as all Big Table queries are reqyured to do. I am assuming there is a way to do this in PostgreSQL as well since PostgreSQL accepts list data types as columns.  Is this possible to do in PostgreSQL?  If so, how should the index be set up (we can't figure out how to set up an index that takes into account the three properties)? The Monster Manual describes Lair Actions as occurring "On initiative count 20 (losing all ties)..." (p 11).  What does "initiative count 20" mean? I can't find that phrase anywhere in the PHB or in any other context in the MM... How can I control HDD spin down time? I have 2 HDDs in my PC. Ubuntu is turning off the secondary HDD very quickly after about 15 minutes, which is short for me. I need to control this time. How can I do it?  I tried GNOME power management but did not find it useful. Prove that equation has exactly 2 solutions How are dual-role films shot? Is there a canonical explanation for how Ant-Man's weight works when he shrinks down that's consistent with the various events depicted in the film?    I think the explanation given in the film is roughly "the suit compresses the space in-between atoms, so your size decreases, your density increases, and your total mass stays the same", however it seems to be portrayed in contradictory ways.  For instance:   He can float in water, and even be sent shooting through the air by a relatively gentle flow of water filling a bathtub.  This wouldn't happen if he retained his original mass, as he'd essentially be the densest thing on the planet and should sink like a stone even in a vat of molten lead. Upon landing after being ejected from the bathtub, the ceramic tile underneath him shatters.  That takes a significant amount of force, and similar effects are used at other points in the movie where he falls onto (or straight through) various things. He's able to get sucked into a vacuum-cleaner.  One that didn't even appear to be a high-end, extra powerful vacuum-cleaner, let alone one capable of sucking up a 200 pound piece of dust.   He can run along the barrel of a gun as someone shoots it, apparently without causing them to drop the weapon or even have trouble continuing to aim it.     Does a more consistent explanation exist in other media, that would fit with the above examples?  Or is this simply a case of the power being made to do whatever happened to be most convenient at the time? Should an image carousel on a mobile site automatically rotate? Or should the user have complete control? The intention is to have a slider/carousel that shows 6 or 7 images which the user can look through by clicking arrow buttons left or right. But the question has also come up if the user has not started looking through the images, should the carousel start automatically rotating the images. Since this is for a mobile site, I'm uncertain... I recently upgraded a c# windows service to run as a 64 bit .net process. Normally, this would be trivial, but the system makes use of a 32-bit DLL written in C++. It is not an option to convert this DLL to 64 bit, so I wrapped the DLL in a separate 32 bit .net process and exposed a .net interface via remoting.  This is quite a reliable solution, but I would prefer to run the system as a single process. Is there any way I can load my 32 bit DLL into a 64 bit process and access it directly (perhaps through some sort of thunking layer)? Can I boot a Live USB fully to RAM, allowing me to remove the disk? I have a live USB made with the standard Ubuntu disk image creator for 16.04 LTS. In the current state, I can boot to this disk, but it still requires the original USB to run properly at all times.  Attempting to pull the drive and use the system generates a large amount of I/O errors, further suggesting that the USB drive is actually needed for things not already loaded into RAM (For example, Firefox worked without the USB, but I used it once before already. apt, on the other hand, did not.)  Is there a way to copy the entire Ubuntu live disk to RAM, so I can remove the drive and free up a USB slot for other things? How To Auto-Format / Indent XML/HTML in Notepad++ CPU usage is too high with Yosemite and an external monitor I use Yosemite 10.10.4 on my MacBook Pro (2012).  I used to work with an external monitor: Apple Thunderbolt 27" monitor.  The issue is that, according to Activity Monitor, the kernel_task process consumes more than 600% of CPU even when no tasks are running! The computer becomes totally unusable.   The workaround is to disconnect the external monitor, but I really need this secondary screen to work.  Why didn't Apple fix this issue in the latest Yosemite update?  Is there a fix for this? I have installed Ubuntu on, but now I am trying to install NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit for the GPU. When I install it, it says that there is no driver found, so I have tried to install the driver, but I don't know why after installation, the system not coming up. Maybe it is because of the wrong version of the driver.   When I tried to detect the driver version using sudo lshw -C display , it showed this information:    But here it doesn't say that what is the product name of the driver, and also when I go Software &amp; Updates -> Additional Drivers, then it says NVIDIA Corporation: Unknown.    What should I do? How to calculate the rotation matrix between 2 3D triangles? I need to calculate the rotation matrix and the translation vector between 2 given triangles in Euclidean space.  This is really just a rotation and a translation, the lengths of sides of the triangle are equal.  Coordinates of the points are real. $P_1, P_2, P_3$ are the 3 points of the 1st triangle, $Q_1, Q_2, Q_3$ are the 3 points of the 2nd.  My idea was: I translate the center of the triangles to the point of origin with $t_1 := \frac{P_1+P_2+P_3}{3}$, $P'_i = P_i-t_1$ and  $t_2 := \frac{Q_1+Q_2+Q_3}{3}$, $Q'_i = Q_i-t_1$ and then I only need to solve the set of 9 linear equations with 9 unknown (the 9 entries of the rotation matrix $R$):  $$ Q'_i = R.P'_i $$ Afterwards I could calculate the translation with  $$ t = t_2 - R.t_1 $$ The problem is: after I translate the triangles to the point of origin the points are linearly dependent ($P_3 = -P_1 - P_2$)  So in fact I only have 6 equation with 9 unknown, which allows multiple solutions for $R$. But I need "one" precise solution, because the triangles are just parts of two identical models, which I need the rotation for.   I think the approach will work, if I use 4 points instead of 3.  But can I somehow calculate the rotation matrix with "only" 3 points? How to mount read-write an ext4 partition on Windows? I want to use ext4 on my external HDD, but it must be cross-platform. (At least Linux, Win7 &amp; WinXP).  Unfortunately, I haven't found any proper driver allowing Windows to WRITE to ext4. I've found , but it only reads ext4.     9. ext4 extent read-only, no  size truncating and expanding support   More:     Supported Ext3/4 features:         flexible inode size: > 128 bytes, up to block size   dir_index:    htree directory index   filetype:     extra file mode in dentry   large_file:   > 4G files supported   sparse_super: super block backup in group descriptor   uninit_bg:    fast fsck and group checksum   extent:       reading, writing with no extending.   journal:      only support replay for internal journal         Unsupported Ext3/4 features:         journal: log-based operations, external journal   extent: size truncating &amp; expanding, file deletion   flex_bg: first metadata group   EA (extended attributes), ACL support      Also, I have found a patch for Ext4Fsd v0.50 ():     New: Matt Wu has made a new release 0.50 at   ext2fsd.com.  Support for ext4 extents and fix   for BSOD on Windows 7.   I don't think it will be safe. Also I've read some words about writing ext4 in Windows could cause data loss on the disk...  What is the External HDD used for? - First, it will store backups, then family movies, pictures. Some music, and etc. It will be connected to a Raspberry Pi, if I finally receive it. It won't really move, just when it is used to migrate computer's data to a new one. The largest files it will store are Clonezilla disk images (I don't know, if they will be large files or not).  Can someone provide a solution for this problem? Or is there NO important enough difference between ext4 and ext3, and I should use ext3? - (If yes, then can I use Ext2Fsd for that ext3 mount?)  Thank you! Why does the standard error of the intercept increase the further $\bar x$ is from 0? The standard error of the intercept term ($\hat{\beta}_0$) in $y=\beta_1x+\beta_0+\varepsilon$ is given by $$SE(\hat{\beta}_0)^2 = \sigma^2\left[\frac{1}{n}+\frac{\bar{x}^2}{\sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\bar{x})^2}\right]$$ where $\bar{x}$ is the mean of the $x_i$'s.  From what I understand, the SE quantifies your uncertainty- for instance, in 95% of the samples, the interval $[\hat{\beta}_0-2SE,\hat{\beta}_0+2SE]$ will contain the true $\beta_0$. I fail to understand how the SE, a measure of uncertainty, increases with $\bar{x}$. If I simply shift my data, so that $\bar{x}=0$, my uncertainty goes down? That seems unreasonable.  An analogous interpretation is - in the uncentered version of my data, $\hat{\beta}_0$ corresponds to my prediction at $x=0$, while in the centered data, $\hat{\beta}_0$ corresponds to my prediction at $x=\bar{x}$. So does this then mean that my uncertainty about my prediction at $x=0$ is greater than my uncertainty about my prediction at $x=\bar{x}$? That seems unreasonable too, the error $\epsilon$ has the same variance for all values of $x$, so my uncertainty in my predicted values should be the same for all $x$.  There are gaps in my understanding I'm sure. Could somebody help me understand what's going on?