Why Object not true if checking consumer == true?    let consumer = {   "checked": true,   "ID": "680e543457-999fc-11e6",   "fio": "John Doe",   "office": {     "ID": "fgh4d"   },   "phone": "" };  console.log('consumer  == true', consumer == true); // false console.log('consumer  === true', consumer === true); // false console.log('Boolean(consumer)', Boolean(consumer));  // true console.log('!consumer', !consumer); // false if (consumer) console.log('1') // 1
I'm using  to go through JavaScript, and it's returning many suggestions to replace == (two equals signs) with === (three equals signs) when doing things like comparing idSele_UNVEHtype.value.length == 0 inside of an if statement.  Is there a performance benefit to replacing == with ===?   Any performance improvement would be welcomed as many comparison operators exist.  If no type conversion takes place, would there be a performance gain over ==?
Does wide angle equivalent in crop sensor skew image? I see many posts on both this forum and elsewhere the discuss the use of a wide angle on a crop sensor.  For example, they discuss how at 14mm lens is 14mm on a 35mm film or full frame, but with a 1.6x crop sensor it is an effective 28mm.  My question is, is a 14mm on a crop sensor the same image as a 28mm on a full frame.  Or does "effective" include some other conotation.  I read that a 14mm can create distortion on a full frame and some vignette, so people seem to say using it on a crop takes out some of those edge problems. My confusion is how the lens is actually taking in the extra image.  Reading kenrockwells blog I learned that wide angle keeps lines straight, while fish eye actually skews the lines.    So with this as my understanding, I am still a bit confused how a lens that is curved in order to get a greater angle of view, will be the same as a cropped version of a less curved lens.  Or does "effective" only refer to the objects to the sides but not to the distortion of the image.  Or, if it is different, is it so small that for photography it does not matter?  A technically description would be welcome as long as a basic understanding of the situation.  Thanks!  Edit: To be more clear after the comments,  I am specifically talking about the end resulting 2d projection from 3d space.  I have read both those previous answers.  the first one is closer to what I am talking about.  However, it is still confusing for me.  I have experience with 3d modeling and projection matricies, which might be confusing me with this.  But for example, i dont understand the images having a 50 mm lens being drawn Starting from the sensor, so it shows a different fov for crop and full frame . If the lens is the same, it takes the same amount of information from the world, which makes a ray from a certain degree off the last lens projected into a smaller space, there is no projection from the sensor, so drawing the line from the sensor doesnt make sense to me.  The distance of the sensor to the rear of the lens must have some impact on the light projected but is not represented in the images.  Further, again from that first answer it says cropping is the same as zoom, but from what i understand from how perspective works, it is different, since a wide angle will project lines differently than a small fov to the same size, so cropping the center of a wide angle and zooming into something is very different.  This is easily recreated in an opengl application with varying fov projection matrix, i imagine in painting class people learn this as well.  A fisheye would be a good example, since if cropping was the same as zooming, a fish eye lens would keep the center exactly like a normal lens and then a gradient weighted towards the outside would rapidly create a warped perspective, but from what I see, it is even.  To me those images just look like its comparing cropped with full frame in regards to orthogonal projections. Did Darth Sidious and Vader ever discover how to cheat death? In Episode 3 Revenge of the Sith Palpatine/Sidious strings Anakin along to the dark side with the promise that together the two of them will be able to re-discover Darth Plagueis' secret to cheating death.      "To cheat death is a power only one has achieved, but if we work together, I know we can discover the secret."   From the end of Revenge of the Sith to their deaths in Return of the Jedi did Darth Sidious and Darth Vader ever manage to re-discover this secret? Is there a way to set initial state with rigid bodies? Let's say I set up a Rigid Body simulation in Blender (not in GE), and then run the simulation for a number of frames. Is there a way to tell Blender to use the current state and position as the initial state? So that when I go back to frame 1, the rigid bodies stay in the same place they did in frame X.  For instance, if I want a pile of bricks, I first place the bricks in the air and then let them drop down on the ground, coming to rest. When they have come to rest, I want to use that position as the starting position. Let $f(z)$ be an entire function whose real part is bounded by a polynomial in $|z|$. Does it follow that $f(z)$ is a polynomial?  Or, without loss of generality and more suggestively $$(f(z)=\sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k z^k \quad \land \quad \operatorname{Re}(f(z))\leq |z|^n)\quad \forall z\in \mathbb{C} \qquad \Rightarrow \qquad f(z)=\sum_{k=0}^n a_k z^k \quad\forall z\in \mathbb{C}$$ Can't execute .out files, getting permission denied iCloud Disassociation for a Mac Computer I had a Mid-2012 MacBook Pro that recently stopped booting. I narrowed this down based on troubleshooting of the boot device to likely the SATA/hard drive connector/cable no longer working for whatever reason.  I have decided to sell the system. I'd like to know if I remove the hard drive (or in this case, an after-market SSD I've installed) from the system, will there be any other data (i.e. iCloud data) stored on the system on any other chip that I can reset in any way? I plan to reset the SMC/NVRAM before I sell the system off of to someone else.  Additionally, if I remove the hard drive, is the system still associated to iCloud (specifically Find My Mac) or any other service? If so, how do I disassociate it? The system will no longer boot even if I put in my boot device.  Thanks! TSA lock reset button stuck and now lock button is also stuck I'm curious how USB device recognition works in Windows. I imagine it's something like this:   When you plug in a device, it tells Windows "here's my device ID to tell you what I am" Windows looks to see if any drivers have been installed that match that device ID. The driver probably tells Windows what the device should be called - like "BlackBerry Curve" or "Canon Printer" If so, it somehow associates that device with that driver Otherwise, it looks for a matching driver online (if you let it)   Am I right? If so, that still leaves some questions.   When you install drivers, where do they go? Are they files in a folder, or do they get added to the registry? What is Windows doing when it first recognizes the device, thinks, and finally says "your new device is installed and ready to use?" Where does Windows look for missing drivers? Is it in their own database? Do device manufacturers submit drivers to Microsoft for inclusion there?   Can anybody explain how this process really works? Also, do other OSes do this differently? Why is college tuition high, but academic salaries low? Sum of the series $1+\frac{1\cdot 3}{6}+\frac{1\cdot3\cdot5}{6\cdot8}+\cdots$ \sum caused \sqrt to not be slanted Proof explanation $A\setminus B = A \setminus B \cap A$ $A\setminus B = A \setminus B \cap A$  Proof $A\setminus B \subseteq A \setminus B \cap A$:  $x\in A\setminus B \to x\in A \land x \notin B$  $x\in A \land (x \notin B \color{red}{\lor x\notin A})$  $x \in A \land (x\notin B \cap A)$  $x \in A\setminus B\cap A$  Proof $A \setminus B \cap A \subseteq A\setminus B$:  $x \in A \setminus B \cap A \to x\in A \land x\notin B \cap A$  $x \in A \land (x\notin B \color{red}{\lor x\notin A})$  $x \in A \land x \notin B$  $x \in A \setminus B $  Therefore $A\setminus B = A \setminus B \cap A$  I am confused how the stuff in the red is formed. Can we add an or statement to anything and ignore if its true or not if the first part of the or is true? Why are `/dev/ptmx` and `/dev/pts/ptmx` not device files? says     On Linux, using devpts, there is no master device file. The process on the master end uses a file descriptor, which it gets by opening ptmx, but there’s no corresponding device node.   Did the author refer to /dev/ptmx or /dev/pts/ptmx?    Why are /dev/ptmx and /dev/pts/ptmx not device files? What types of files are they?  What is the difference between /dev/ptmx and /dev/pts/ptmx?  Thanks.  On Lubuntu 18.04  $ file /dev/ptmx  /dev/ptmx: character special (5/2) $ file /dev/pts/ptmx  /dev/pts/ptmx: character special (5/2)  $ sudo su  # stat -L /dev/fd/3 3&lt;&gt; /dev/pts/ptmx   File: /dev/fd/3   Size: 0           Blocks: 0          IO Block: 1024   character special file Device: 15h/21d Inode: 2           Links: 1     Device type: 5,2 Access: (0000/c---------)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root) Access: 2018-11-21 13:39:10.544000218 -0500 Modify: 2018-11-21 13:39:10.544000218 -0500 Change: 2018-11-21 13:39:10.544000218 -0500  Birth: -  # stat -L /dev/fd/3 3&lt;&gt; /dev/ptmx   File: /dev/fd/3   Size: 0           Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   character special file Device: 6h/6d   Inode: 87          Links: 1     Device type: 5,2 Access: (0666/crw-rw-rw-)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    5/     tty) Access: 2019-01-06 07:19:54.372098540 -0500 Modify: 2019-01-06 07:19:54.372098540 -0500 Change: 2018-11-21 13:39:30.372098540 -0500  Birth: - Why is there no analog for $\Theta_\text{QCD}$ for the weak interaction? Is this topological term generated? If not, why not? Is this related to the fact that $SU(2)_L$ is broken? To better describe the above problem, whenever I start up my Ubuntu/Windows 10 Machine and select Ubuntu, whenever the machine tries to start the GNOME Desktop Environment, it says it started it successfully. however, I never get a graphical desktop environment to use. I can fix this by logging into tty3 and typing gnome-session but I don't really want to do that as, for some reason, that skips login. Can anyone help? How can I get a more traditional drop-down like menu for Unity? $H_1 ,H_2 \unlhd \, G$ with $H_1 \cap H_2 = \{1_G\} $. Prove every two elements in $H_1, H_2$ commute How do I use an NBT editor to modify item properties? In Minecraft, the NBT (Named Binary Tag) format is used to store data of our Minecraft worlds, including block, entity, and item properties. In the Java Edition of Minecraft, you can modify this data by including the data in the command, like so: /give @s diamond_sword{Enchantments:[{id:&quot;minecraft:knockback&quot;,lvl:10s}]}  In the Bedrock Edition, on the other hand, NBT is inaccessible from commands. In order to modify NBT, we need to use an external editor. What are some useful item properties that I can modify with an NBT editor, and how can I do so?  Related: How to get the CPU cycle count in x86_64 from C++? Automated mapping of cost paths from multiple origin points I am currently mapping Lahar flows on Montserrat Island (as many have done before!). I have the Cost Distance analysis below, the circle is the origin and the triangle the destination. With a known destination a Cost Path analysis can easily be performed, however I would like to use the Cost Distance map below to automatically find the destination point, based purely on the the direction of flow from the origin/circle.  I was thinking of using a filter to include only edge cells of the raster, and then find the one with the lowest value, is there a way to do this?  Software: Arc GIS Desktop 10.5