I split the dataset with   X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)   and the fit   from sklearn.metrics import log_loss clf.fit(X_train, y_train) clf_probs = clf.predict_proba(X_test) score = log_loss(y_test, clf_probs) print(score)   is final submission with   clf.fit(X,y) or clf.fit(X_train,y_train)???
A common technique after training, validating and testing the Machine Learning model of preference is to use the complete dataset, including the testing subset, to train a final model to deploy it on, e.g. a product.      My question is: Is it always for the best to do so? What if the   performance actually deteriorates?   For example, let us assume a case where the model scores around 65% in classifying the testing subset. This could mean that either the model is trained insufficiently OR that the testing subset consists of outliers. In the latter case, training the final model with them would decrease its performance and you find out only after deploying it.   Re-phrasing my initial question:     If you had a one-time demonstration of a model, such as deploying it   on embedded electronics on-board an expensive rocket experiment, would you trust a   model that has been re-trained with the test subset in the final step without being   re-tested on its new performance?
Laptop w/o battery US bound flight? What ability should be used when resisting Intimidation? During our last play session (it was our second session, so everyone is first level) my fighter dwarf had a conflict with another player's human fighter. My dwarf became annoyed at the human's dismissive reaction to a roar outside the village that sounded like ogres (my dwarf has a bad history with ogres).   So, in order to emphasize the seriousness of this situation, my dwarf grabbed the human by shirtfront and pulled him closer (done with a successful roll). Still bent double, the human drew his sword and pointed it at my dwarf's belly (dwarf wearing chainmail). At this point the DM made the other player roll an Intimidation (Charisma) check, and me a Wisdom check to resist. I lost and my dwarf, chastened, let the human go.  That was pretty funny situation, but one thing is bothering me. By using a Wisdom check against Intimidation (Charisma), my dwarf (who has &minus;1 Wisdom modifier) was at a disadvantage (literally, not in the D&amp;D disadvantage mechanic sense) against the threats. Although he is a strong and capable warrior, he is not that wise.  But I have to wonder: is willpower really represented by Wisdom in 5e? I think that many not-so-wise creatures/characters can stand bravely against threats.  What ability/skill should be used in a contest to resist intimidation? Custom attributes - Yea or nay? There are lots of questions tagged  that don't have a  response.  How do we interpret this? Is it because they are declined by default? We just have to wait for a response (the team is very busy)? Is Jeff the only one that reviews this questions?  I suppose the ones that have negative votes may (or may not) be declined by default, but there are quite a few with some to a lot upvotes that should have an official answer. Answers no longer sorted by score/votes For me at least,  has answers that are not sorted by score:    Is this normal?  I've tried refreshing the page a few times, but the order doesn't change... A friend sent a long a file (a .rar) he wanted me to check out for him before he installed it.  I downloaded it and unrared it with no problems, but it was full of .exe's instead of the intended contents (fonts) so I advised him to delete it immediately and not use.  I then proceeded to do the same, but the folder simply will not delete. Oddly the files went fine, and I never ran anything, but this is what I'm seeing:   Could not find this item  This is no longer located in C:\Users\This_User\Desktop. verify the item's location and try again.   I've tried the following things with no help:   Using "Unlocker" to Unlock and delete Using move on reboot and rebooting Using PendMoves (from sysinternals) and rebooting Elevating a cmd line, doing a dir /x to get the short name of the folder, and then del 'shortna~1' Moving the folder to a new folder and then trying to delete the parent folder   I'm on Windows 7 RTM, very fresh install. Any thoughts?  Update: Just to confirm, I've run Hijack this and half a dozen other malware detectors, and everything came back clean (no extra processes, no other obvious badness). Rebooting in safe mode didn't help either. Automatically inserting "Section", "Subsection", etc What is the "canary thread" and why is it starving? The following occasionally appears in /var/log/syslog:  rtkit-daemon[1145]: The canary thread is apparently starving. Taking action. rtkit-daemon[1145]: Demoting known real-time threads. rtkit-daemon[1145]: Successfully demoted thread 1431 of process 1368 (n/a). rtkit-daemon[1145]: Successfully demoted thread 1430 of process 1368 (n/a). rtkit-daemon[1145]: Successfully demoted thread 1368 of process 1368 (n/a). rtkit-daemon[1145]: Demoted 3 threads.   What's going on here? How do ability score improvements improve modifiers? First time player in a group figuring out things as we all go.  I just hit level four as a Ranger, and I get to improve one ability score of my choice by 2, or I can increase two ability scores of my choice by 1.  My first thought was Strength, as I've been rocking a score of 11 with a mod of +0 so far. But I read that Rangers use (wisdom mod + 10) for their spell casting modifier. Currently my wisdom is 13, with a mod of +1. If I increase either STR or WIS, will the modifier increase as well? How and why?  A Monk in our party went from 9 CON to 11 during their ability score improvement, and by doing so their modifier went from −1 to 0.  We're all pretty new, so between eight people we're currently sharing one book, and all trying to locate our own copies for later campaigns. That's making it… inefficient for us to learn these things quickly. How prove this inequality $\frac{a}{b+3}+\frac{b}{c+3}+\frac{c}{d+3}+\frac{d}{a+3}\le 1$ Question:  let $a,b,c,d\ge 0$,such $$a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2=4$$ show that $$\dfrac{a}{b+3}+\dfrac{b}{c+3}+\dfrac{c}{d+3}+\dfrac{d}{a+3}\le 1$$  My try: By Cauchy-Schwarz inequality,we have $$\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{a}{b+3}\le\sqrt{(\sum_{cyc}a^2)\left(\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{1}{(b+3)^2}\right)}$$ then we have only prove this $$\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{1}{(a+3)^2}\le \dfrac{1}{4}?$$ This is  not true,in fact, we have $$\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{1}{(a+3)^2}\ge \dfrac{1}{4}?$$ because we have $$\dfrac{1}{(a+3)^2}\ge\dfrac{5-a^2}{64}$$ this is true because $$\Longleftrightarrow \dfrac{(a-1)^2(a^2+8a+19)}{64(a+3)^2}\ge 0$$ so $$\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{1}{(a+3)^2}\ge\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{5-a^2}{64}=\dfrac{1}{4}$$ can see:  This methods is from: can  see:  By the way I have see this three variable inequality  let $a,b,c$ be non-negative numbers such that $$a^2+b^2+c^2=3$$  show that $$\dfrac{a}{b+2}+\dfrac{b}{c+2}+\dfrac{c}{a+2}\le 1$$  proof: By expanding,the inequality becomes $$ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le abc+2$$ without loss of generality,assume that  $$\min(a,b,c)\le b\max(a,b,c)$$ then \begin{align*} 2-ab^2-bc^2-ca^2+abc&amp;=2-ab^2-b(3-a^2-b^2)-ca^2+abc\\ &amp;=(b^3-3b+2)-a(b^2-ab+ca-bc)\\ &amp;=(b-1)^2(b+2)-a(b-a)(b-c)\ge 0 \end{align*} Equality occurs for $(a,b,c)=(1,1,1)$ and also for $(a,b,c)=(0,1,\sqrt{2})$ or any cyclic permutation.  so my Four-inequality  variable inequality,can use this methods $$\dfrac{a}{b+3}+\dfrac{b}{c+3}+\dfrac{c}{d+3}+\dfrac{d}{a+3}\le 1$$ $$\Longleftrightarrow a^2cd+3a^2c+3a^2d+9a^2+ab^2d+3ab^2+abc^2-abcd+3ac^2+9ac+3b^2d+9b^2+3bc^2+bcd^2+3bd^2+9bd+9c^2+3cd^2+9d^2-81\le 0$$ $$\Longleftrightarrow a^2cd+3a^2c+3a^2d+ab^2d+3ab^2+abc^2+3ac^2+9ac+3b^2d+3bc^2+bcd^2+3bd^2+9bd+3cd^2\le 45$$ $$\Longleftrightarrow a^2(cd+3c+3d)+ab^2d+3ab^2+abc^2+3ac^2+9ac+3b^2d+3bc^2+bcd^2+3bd^2+9bd+3cd^2\le 45$$ $$\Longleftrightarrow (4-b^2-c^2-d^2)(cd+3c+3d)+ab^2d+3ab^2+abc^2+3ac^2+9ac+3b^2d+3bc^2+bcd^2+3bd^2+9bd+3cd^2\le 45$$  Then  I can't  Thank you  very  much Why must a computer have a BIOS? The  software is built into the PC, and is the first code run by a   PC when powered on ('boot firmware'). When the PC starts up, the first   job for the BIOS is the power-on self-test, which initializes and   identifies system devices such as the CPU, RAM, video display card,   keyboard and mouse, hard disk drive, optical disc drive and other   hardware. The BIOS then locates boot loader software held on a   peripheral device (designated as a 'boot device'), such as a hard disk   or a CD/DVD, and loads and executes that software, giving it control   of the PC.[2] This process is known as booting, or booting up, which   is short for bootstrapping.   Which requisites determine that a computer system must have a BIOS installed on it?  Why can't the Operational System actually do all of the BIOS work? Before you disagree with me with a downvote, or just want to be funny, please hear me out. From the :  The upvote privilege comes first because that's what you should focus on: pushing great content to the top. Downvoting should be reserved for extreme cases. It's not meant as a substitute for communication and editing.  I have honestly never seen a downvote reserved for an extreme case. The process is usually 1) downvote post if it's bad and don't comment. (Not much of a process, is it?) As you stay on the site longer and longer, you develop a carelessness towards downvotes (as I have), but for new users, it's really discouraging.  question inspired me to [ask balpha to] make , which is a list of users with 1 rep who have the  badge. That's the closest I could get to new users who deleted their own posts after downvotes came in. Don't get me wrong, I know the argument about being nice to new users very well, but I still believe it to be an issue. And since , users are much more inclined to go the lazy route and downvote bad questions. No alternative measures (see below) are taken, for the most part. Personally, I leave a comment and don't downvote until the asker shows no interest in fixing their post. The only other measure taken to discourage downvotes (on answers) is the -1 rep punishment to the downvoter, which is absolutely meaningless and inconsequential anyways. How are we supposed to educate new users when we don't teach them what to do, don't direct them to the FAQ, and discourage them with downvotes right off the bat?  Instead of voting down: If the post is spammy or offensive — flag it. If the question is duplicate or off-topic — flag it for moderator attention. If something is wrong, please leave a comment or edit the post to correct it.  We claim to discourage downvoting, yet I see answers like  that encourage us to downvote first and ask questions later when a question is simply unclear or effortless. It's just an awful chain reaction. A new user comes to the site asking a question, but that doesn't work out too well, so they get downvotes, delete the question in shame, and don't get the help they deserve as a fellow writer of code and programmer. Strip away the quality of the site for a moment: the core functionality of this site, and the only reason I and a lot of other users are (still) on it, is to receive and give help to/from others. I enjoy making sure fellow programmers get the answer they need, because this site has helped me get mine when I needed them. Quality can still be maintained if content is fixed rather than downvoted more often. So can we stop discouraging new users from continuing to use this site and actually start to discourage downvoting? I think we need to encourage effort towards teaching and helping new users understand the system and why their post is bad rather than slapping them in the face with downvotes that they don't know how to interpret anyways. I'm leaving ways we can do this up to others. My first thought was to increase the punishment for downvoting answers and to no longer make question downvotes free, but those wouldn't be well-received, judging by the history of similar suggestions. . A gerund or use a regular noun? Which of these is correct or more natural?        One of my greatest strengths is critically analyzing.      One of my greatest strengths is critical analyzing.     One of my greatest strengths is critical analysis. Books for Hyperbolic Geometry. I want to read hyperbolic geometry. Can any one suggest some good books on the topic. Alright Ubuntu wizards, I jacked up my system a bit unnecessarily, which is now giving me the chance to learn more about how to fix it...a vicious cycle. Anyway, I have it mostly up and running again to my liking, though I am receiving this (photo attached) prompt when my system boots:  libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:686 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf line 56: ignoring bad line starting with 'rt2800usb'   Other users had success with just deleting the bad line from their blacklist.conf file, which I have done. Line 56 no longer exists, but I'm still receiving the same error. So am I missing something? Is there some follow-up command I need to give Ubuntu after saving the conf file? I know that we don't have automatic login for the Data Explorer, but what's with the automatic timeout/logout?  There have been times that I am logged into the site, maybe I walk away for a little bit, and I come back to being logged out.    Is there a reason for logging us out of Data Explorer?  If so, is it possible to either remove the timeout or extend the period of time before timeout? What's the C++ way of parsing a string (given as char *) into an int? Robust and clear error handling is a plus (instead of ). How do you pass a function as a parameter in C? I want to create a function that performs a function passed by parameter on a set of data. How do you pass a function as a parameter in C? Prove that there is no continuous functions $f:[0,1]\to R$, such that   $$ f(x)+f(x^2)=x. $$   My try. Assume that there is a continuous function with this property. Thus, for any $n\ge 1$ and all $x\in [0,1]$, \begin{align*} f(x)&amp;=x-f(x^2)=x-\big(x^2-f(x^4)\big)=x-x^2+\big(x^4-f(x^8)\big)=\cdots\\ &amp;=x-x^2+x^4-\cdots+(-1)^n\left(x^{2^n}-f\big(x^{2^{n+1}}\big)\right) \end{align*}  since $f(0)=0$ and $\displaystyle\lim_{n\to \infty}x^{2^{n+1}}=0$ for any $x\in(0,1)$,it follows by the continuity of $f$ that $\displaystyle\lim_{n\to \infty}f\big(x^{2^{n+1}}\big)=0$, hence $$f(x)=x-x^2+x^4-x^8+\cdots+(-1)^nx^{2^n}+\cdots$$ for any $x\in (0,1)$  Why do I have prove that there is exists such a continuous functions $f$? Maybe  my example is wrong? Why?  if my   method is wrong,then How prove this problem ? Thank you. Word for "someone who talks too much"