I wonder if there are statistics on the overall percentage of people promoted from tenure track positions (assistant professor) to full professor in fields like mathematics and science (first-rate institution is OK).
I'm writing an essay, and want to know the promotion rate and average duration from assistant professor to associate professor and associate professor to professor in recent years. Sadly I don't know the data for the US. Could anyone tell me?
Scale Space Between Multiple Objects If I have multiple objects selected can I use scaling to make the objects closer together (without rescaling the objects)? What is a good general document size for web page mockups and prototypes? I do mockups and prototypes of sites and designs all the time, but I've always wondered if there is a standard size or width I should be using. Generally I'll make my document either 1024, 1200, or 2560px wide, depending on what I'm doing.  So what do you think? What is a good or standard size for this? How can I reliably get the operating system's name? Say I am logged into a remote system, how can I know what it's running? On most modern Linuxes (Linuces?), you have the lsb_release command:  $ lsb_release -ic     Distributor ID: LinuxMint Codename:       debian   Which as far as I can tell just gives the same info as /etc/lsb-release. What if that file is not present? I seem to recall that the lsb_release command is relatively new so what if I have to get the OS of an older system?  In any case, lsb stands for Linux Standard Base so I am assuming it won't work on non-Linux Unices. As far as I know, there is no way of getting this information from uname so how can I get this on systems that do not use lsb_release? Is exFAT now the best choice for an external hard drive that will be used for Windows, Mac, and Linux? Are there solutions that can limit the CPU usage of a process? I am using an old laptop and doing heavy processing that needs high CPU usage for a long time (~30mins - 2hours). When the process puts heavy load on CPU for a long time, CPU overheats and computer shuts down. I don't want to use a cooler/stand because I am carrying this laptop around and working outside home.  Is there a way/application that I can limit CPU usage of a process in Windows?  Note: Setting the priority of the process from task manager does not work.  Note 2: Fans are clean. I have noticed that I hardly ever use the \negthinspace command  \!.  This is because I don't know how to use it properly (I do use other spacing commands quite a bit, because I can better understand the guidelines of when they might be useful). When might it be considered appropriate to use this spacing command? How to automatically add &raquo; (») to  elements using CSS? Context: I was looking at . I didn't know the result referred to in Brian M. Scott's answer is hard enough to require a separate proof   ― .  ― .  (1)  ― What's the intuition? Is Bezout Identity supposed to be intuitive?  (2) — Why doesn't this try work? Let $c$ be any common divisor of $a, b$. Therefore $c\mid a, c\mid b \iff cj_1 = a, cj_2 = b$ for some integers $j_1, j_2$.     Call $g = \gcd$. By definition $\gcd(a,b)\mid a$ and $\gcd(a,b)\mid b$ and $c \le \gcd(a,b)$. Therefore $g\mid a, g\mid b \iff gk_1 = a, gk_2 = b$ for some integers $k_1, k_2$.   The two paragraphs together precipitate $cj_1 = a = gk_1,  cj_2 = b = gk_2$ but this only proves $c\mid gk_1, c\mid gk_2$?    Origin - Elementary Number Theory, Jones,  p9, Exercise 1.8 How do I get rid of "U3 System" on my USB drive? I have a USB drive (SanDisk SDCZ40-016G) that mounts in a way I've never seen before. When inserted, two items appear in Places -> Computer:    "SanDisk Ultra Backup: 16GB" contains my data, and "CD Drive: U3 System" contains a Windows executable. The part with the Windows executable doesn't look useful to me so I'd like to remove it. I used GParted to delete the only partition listed on the device and then I created and formatted a new partition:    Strangely, the "CD Drive" containing the Windows executable was perfectly intact after this operation.  What's going on? 'find' utility does not output all files when using wildcards Running:  $find . -name *.exe   gives:  ./MakeItSo_1.2.2/MakeItSo_1.2.2/MakeItSo.exe ./MakeItSo.exe   but those are not the only exe files in the directory. For example, running  $find . -name ATLTester.exe   gives:  ./Debug/ATLDmoVexaTester.exe Lazy Method for Reading Big File in Python? I have a very big file 4GB and when I try to read it my computer hangs. So I want to read it piece by piece and after processing each piece store the processed piece into another file and read next piece.  Is there any method to yield these pieces ?  I would love to have a lazy method. Let me add or change edit summary during edit window (grace period) Is there any way to tell Google to use a particular account for all Google services by default? I typically use 2 Google accounts simultaneously in my browser. So whenever I fire up any Google service like Google Maps or YouTube or Google Search, it uses one of the accounts. The problem is that I don't want that account to be used and no matter how many times I switch the account for these services, they seem to default to same account.  Is there any way to tell Google to use a particular account for all Google services by default?    I am not talking about using Google account to sign in to third party websites. I am talking only about Google's own services.  I am using Chrome if anyone is going to suggest client-side solution. How to know if an object has an attribute in Python Is there a way in Python to determine if an object has some attribute?  For example:  &gt;&gt;&gt; a = SomeClass() &gt;&gt;&gt; a.someProperty = value &gt;&gt;&gt; a.property Traceback (most recent call last):   File "&lt;stdin&gt;", line 1, in &lt;module&gt; AttributeError: SomeClass instance has no attribute 'property'   How can you tell if a has the attribute property before using it? Why can't I install iOS 9.3? I saw an update for my iOS 9.2.1 device to iOS 9.3.  However, it said that the update cannot be verified, although it was downloaded.  I even deleted all data and applications from the device, but I still cannot update the device to 9.3; it just says "Your software is up to date" on iOS 9.2.1.  Can you force an update to 9.3? I've just started to play with pgfplot. I'm trying to prepare a plot like to following   \begin{figure}[h] \centering \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{axis}[minor tick num=1,  axis x line=middle, axis y line=middle, xlabel=$k$, ylabel=$\omega$, ymin=0,xmin=-2,ymax=60] \addplot[blue,domain=0:5, line width=1.5pt] {x^2+25}; \addplot[orange,domain=0:5,line width=1pt]{3*x+22.75}; \addplot[cyan,domain=0:1.5, line width=1pt,dashed]{18.166*x}; \node[coordinate,pin=right:{$v_{\phi}=\frac{\omega}{k}$}]     at (axis cs:1,17) {}; \node[coordinate,pin=right:{$v_{g}=\frac{d\omega}{dk}$}]     at (axis cs:2.5,30) {}; \node[coordinate,pin=left:{dispersion relation}]     at (axis cs:4.5,47) {}; \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture} \caption{Wave dispersion relation with phase and group velocity} \label{fig:2} \end{figure}   What I would like to do is dropping the x-y tick labels so that we just maintaing the x-y title. How can I obtain it? I was playing my PS4 two days ago and then packed it up with two controllers that were both connected to this PS4.   I got to where I was going, set everything up and now the controllers won't connect. They show pulsing orange when they plug in, but when I hit the PS Button to connect, it blinks white 1-2 times and goes back to orange.   I have tried resetting them both.  Can anyone help? Is there a free site to play Yu-Gi-Oh? How to reconcile the cashless human/Federation society with human traders and merchants Drupal out of the box comes with a page (which is the default homepage) that is assigned to the node path.  How do I avoid users reach it, and redirect them to the actual homepage of the site?