Below query is used in one of my product. I am not able to understand why 1=1 is mentioned. it is always going to true. select * from emp; select * from emp where 1=1;  As per my understanding both are same. What could be the intention of developer to put 1=1 in below query? he can simply write where condition in one of the and condition. SELECT   msi.concatenated_segments item_code, mmt.transaction_date, mtt.transaction_type_name, mmt.transaction_quantity, mcd.prior_cost, mcd.new_cost    FROM  mtl_cst_actual_cost_details mcd, mtl_system_items_kfv msi, mtl_material_transactions mmt, mtl_COST_types mtt WHERE 1 = 1  -------------------------------------------------This I am refering AND mcd.inventory_item_id = msi.inventory_item_id AND mcd.organization_id = msi.organization_id AND mcd.transaction_id = mmt.transaction_id AND mmt.inventory_item_id = msi.inventory_item_id AND mmt.organization_id = msi.organization_id AND mmt.transaction_type_id = mtt.transaction_type_id ORDER BY mcd.creation_date DESC;
Why would someone use WHERE 1=1 AND &lt;conditions&gt; in a SQL clause (Either SQL obtained through concatenated strings, either view definition)  I've seen somewhere that this would be used to protect against SQL Injection, but it seems very weird.  If there is injection WHERE 1 = 1 AND injected OR 1=1 would have the same result as injected OR 1=1.  Later edit: What about the usage in a view definition?    Thank you for your answers.  Still, I don't understand why would someone use this construction for defining a view, or use it inside a stored procedure.  Take this for example:  CREATE VIEW vTest AS SELECT FROM Table WHERE 1=1 AND table.Field=Value
Importing QGIS3 processing tools in standalone script Inspired by , but for QGIS 3 (and therefore Python 3), I would like to use the QGIS processing algorithms in a standalone Python script without a GUI, with a standard installation of Ubuntu Linux. A simple import processing is insufficient: import processing processing.run(    &quot;qgis:rasterlayerstatistics&quot;,    {        'INPUT': .'/somefile.tif',        'BAND': 1,        'OUTPUT_HTML_FILE': './result.html'    } )  Results in: Traceback (most recent call last):   File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt; ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'processing'  How do you get access to the QGIS processing module to use the QGIS processing algorithms in a standalone Python script (not the QGIS interpreter)? How to activate GRASS GIS 7 plugin in QGIS 2.8? Article "communicated by" What does it mean when it says under a journal article that it has been communicated by "XYZ" where XYZ is not the author but some other scholar with a very strong reputation? What is the relationship to the actual author and/or the content? Is this some sort of seal of approval to get results out and known quickly? (I am specifically wondering in the context of mathematics and mathematical physics.) I know empirically that is the case.  I have just developed models that run into this conundrum.  I also suspect it is not necessarily a yes/no answer. I mean by that if both A and B are correlated with C, this may have some implication regarding the correlation between A and B.  But, this implication may be weak.  It may be just a sign direction and nothing else.    Here is what I mean...  Let's say A and B both have a 0.5 correlation with C.  Given that, the correlation between A and B could well be 1.0.  I think it also could be 0.5 or even lower.  But, I think it is unlikely that it would be negative.  Do you agree with that?    Also, is there an implication if you are considering the standard Pearson Correlation Coefficient or instead the Spearman (rank) Correlation Coefficient?  My recent empirical observations were associated with the Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Role of dependencies while installing software?? What is the role of dependencies while installing any software?I was installing vlc player and it were closed by giving me error something like check dependency .  What is to solution of this and how i'll get these dependencies??  Thanks in Advance. Can you flash any android device with "fastbood flash" command (of the adb)? How do I create an immutable Class? For $q, p$ odd primes such that $p \neq q$, there is not primitive root modulo $pq$. TexStudio IEEEtrantools package issue. User .cwl file? I am using TexStudio 2.9.4 on Windows 7. There is a problem that has been raised here at least once. It is that TexStudio flags unrecognised command  to  \begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl} and then within the environment flags expressions like \mathrm as being used outside the math environment. The fix (on Windows) is to manually edit the file C:\Users\USER\AppData\Roaming\texstudio\IEEEtrantools.cwl adding:  \begin{IEEEeqnarray}{cols}#\math,array \end{IEEEeqnarray} \begin{IEEEeqnarray*}{cols}#\math,array \end{IEEEeqnarray*}   in place of the \IEEEeqnarray entry there.   This works but is there a separate file that I could add (eg myfixes.cwl) which TexStudio would read? Burying the fix in a big autogenerated file is not ideal.  BTW is there any documentation on the format of .cwl files? When is tension constant in a rope? Consider a massless rope with pulling forces applied at each end.  How do we decide if tension is constant or not in a rope? Consider a few example scenarios:  For example, if there is a knot in the rope the tension is not constant throughout (why?. Similarly, if the rope is hung over a cylindrical pulley of a non-negligible radius, the tension is not constant (why?). If there isn't anything touching the rope, for example, 2 people tugging on the rope at each end, the tension is constant (why?). Maximum length of tags Possible Duplicate:        Is there a maximum limit on the length of tags? I noticed that the tag for SQL Server Management Studio is truncated to sql-server-management-stu.  It seems like this should be an easy thing to correct, if not to allow the creation of new longer tags, but to correct existing tags that have been truncated. Can't install apps from App Store on iPhone with iOS 7 What is the difference between linear regression on y with x and x with y? How do you retrieve items from a dictionary in the order that they're inserted? Is it possible to retrieve items from a Python dictionary in the order that they were inserted? Accessing System Databases/Tables using LINQ to SQL? Going through the spells, I see the phrase "Willing creature" used to determine who you can cast some spells on. I don't ever see a proper definition of what a willing creature is, but I would assume that it would go something like if you asked them "Can I perform this spell on you" they would answer yes. Is there a more formal definition of what makes a target willing in 5e?  What are the ways I could make an otherwise unwilling creature willing? Suggestion spells, for instance, should probably work but what other options do I have? Genetic linkage greater than 50 centimorgans Classically, the linkage between two loci can be measured in centimorgans (cM), which represents the percent chance that these two loci will recombine an odd number of times (generating a recombinant genotype).  Due to independent assortment, markers on different chromosomes are expected to recombine 50% of the time. As I understand, if one conducts a classic experiment and counts various progeny, then deduces the apparent linkage, values of 50 cM or more are interpreted as "impossible to determine whether on separate chromosomes or just recombines very often". See (), with grammar corrected:     The final point that we need to make regards the maximum distance that we can measure. Because of the way in which the calculations are performed, we can never have more (than) 50% recombinant gametes. Therefore the (maximum) distance that two genes can be apart and still measure that distance is just less (than) 50 cM. If two genes are greater than 50 cM apart, then we can not determine if they reside on the same chromosome or are on different chromosomes.   Wikipedia gives an  and also remarks that (d is physical distance):     The probability of recombination is approximately d/100 for small values of d and approaches 50% as d goes to infinity.   However, what happens if the linkage is greater than 50 cM? It seems like classical experiments aside, such a situation is possible in reality.  For instance, , and . Let's take two genes on Chr.IV:    is at about +631 kb.  is at about +1370 kb.   The physical distance between these is about 734 kb. According to the cM/kbp value, the centimorgan distance is $734\text{ kb} \cdot 0.31\text{ cM}/\text{kb} = 228 \text{ cM}$ . How to interpret this 228?  If I mate a haploid yeast which is DNF2 TOM1 with another which is dnf2 tom1 (lowercase indicating minor allele rather than deletion), then sporulate them, what is the chance of getting spores with DNF2 tom1 or dnf2 TOM1 genotypes?  I realize that the cM/kbp value is only a simplification and that in practice linkage is a more complex phenomenon. Nevertheless, it seems plausible that several crossover events can happen on Chr.IV since it is so big. This includes the possibility of 1, 3, 5 and more crossovers which would create a hybrid (assuming they all happen between these two loci), as well as the possibility of 2, 4, etc crossovers which would create a non-hybrid spore (at least as far as our chosen markers are concerned). Story about main character with regeneration powers I read a book 10+ years ago where the world was ruled by various factions, each one had a special ability of some sort. The main characters faction had regenerative ability. Another faction had the ability to speed up or slow down time. I am not sure of the plot, but I know at one point he is injured so badly he starts growing a clone which he attempts to kill, but comes back later in the story.    Any ideas? Resizing an Image without losing any quality Number of elements in the quotient ring $\mathbb{Z}[X]/(X^2-3, 2X+4)$