I work with a questionnaire that contains a variety of filter questions. In the following I will give an example how one block of this successive questions look like.        Have you ever skipped school in your life? (Yes/No)   If answer is "No", continue with question X on the next page    If answer is "Yes":    Have you skipped school in the last year? (Yes/No)   If answer is "No", continue with question X on the next page  If answer is "Yes":    How many times have you skipped school in the last year? (... times)      The right way to answer this bunch of questions is to respond only to the subsequent question(s) number 2 and/or 3, if one has responded with a "Yes" to the respective previous question (1 resp. 2). If one has answered "No" to one of the first two questions, he or she has to skip the following question(s) and continue with the next block in the questionnaire.  Most of the participants have dealt with this questions in the manner just described. But there are also some who fill in implausible answers. With implausible I mean responding to a question even if this was not reasonable in regard to the filter.  An example:        A respondent admitted that she/he has once before skipped school in his life ("Yes" to question 1).   Following this she/he responded that she/he has not done this in the last year ("No" to question 2).   Nevertheless, she/he incorrectly answered to question number 3. She/He filled in that she/he has played truant 15 times in the last year.        The question is now:  How to deal with these implausible answers to filter questions?  There seem to be three obvious strategies:   Use all information as valid regardless of their implausibility Recode all implausible answers as missing Examine all individual cases that have implausible answer patterns in regard to the filter questions -- see if one can decide on behalf of these informations if the respective answer is really implausible or not     I hope that suggestions can deal with these two issues:    The advantages and disadvantages of the listed (or other) strategies The way a recommended strategy can be realized (if this is not very easy, like in the case of using all information or recoding all as missing)
I have some survey response data that are inconsistent and I'm not sure what is the best way to handle them.  This is the nature of the inconsistency:    Have you ever had a food poisoning episode that you think might have been caused by the food in a particular restaurant ? a) Yes b) No Did any of these episodes prevent you from eating at that restaurant again?  a) Does not apply, never have had a food poisoning episode b) Yes c) No Following these episodes, did you come back to your normal condition after 24 hours?  a) Does not apply, never have had a food poisoning episode b) Yes c) No   I believe that the intent of the designers of the survey was that anyone answering "No" to 1) should answer "Does not apply" to 2) and 3), but that's not how it worked. A large group of respondents picked "No" for 1) and "No" for at least one of 2) or 3).    What is the best way to deal with this inconsistency?    Where are some good references (books, papers, websites, etc.) to look at discussions and solutions for issues of this kind, and data cleaning in general?
Copy file geodatabase using Python? I am trying to copy fgdb from one path to another using Python.  copy(base.gdb,dest)   And got the message:  Error Info:  [Errno 13] Permission denied:   How to fix it? Often times I am not interested in the question so much as I am the answer. Unfortunately, the only site option for bookmarking an optimal answer is to bookmark the question. This leaves you having to remember that no the question wasn't that great, but there's an answer in here worth a million. It'd be nice to be able to favorite an answer allowing you to jump immediately to the answer that was much more valuable than the question. I understand that I can bookmark the answers link using my browser but it seems being able to favorite the answer within the site's ecosystem is useful. UK visa refusal on V 4.2 a + c (and sometimes 'e') How can we extract specific files from a large tar.gz file? I found  but, when I tried the mentioned command there, I got the error:  $ tar --extract --file={test.tar.gz} {extract11} tar: {test.tar.gz}: Cannot open: No such file or directory tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now   How do I then extract a file from tar.gz? Mutable or immutable class? Redefining "cited on" string (and others) in biblatex I'm trying to modify the strings biblatex uses to set the "cited on" string used in the bibliography to identify the pages where a given references has been cited.    What I gather from the biblatex documentation (e.g., § 4.9.2.16) is that something like   \renewbibmacro{backrefpage}{&lt;newtext&gt;} \renewbibmacro{backrefpages}{&lt;newtext&gt;}   ought to work, but they have no effect for me (I'd also like to get this working for the "visited on" string, urlseen).  My MWE is unchanged from , with the addition of these (and related lines) just about anywhere. Given a DateTime object, how do I get an ISO 8601 date in string format? Given:  DateTime.UtcNow   How do I get a string which represents the same value in an -compliant format?  Note that ISO 8601 defines a number of similar formats. The specific format I am looking for is:  yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ What changes with Kerberos authentication in IPv6 when everyone has a public IPv6 Address? How should Kerberos authentication be set up with IPv6?     What implications are there when client devices each use a public, globally routeable IPv6 IP address?  What changes when setup this way instead of using a NAT as was the norm with IPv4? WMI object to get current sessions with client name? This is meant to solve this problem once and for all. What is every reason an object isn't showing up in a render or viewport in when using the cycles render engine? Auto comment "possible duplicate of ..." missing on voting to close as duplicate Conflict between tkz-fct and thmtools? Someone asked a very similar question in regards to window recovery for windows xp:   I'm using windows 8 (or 8.1 now). I run Dual Monitors. On Monitor 2 I sometimes have the input switched to something else other than the windows display (Mac or PS3). If there was a program that was displaying on Window #2 that does not have 'move' where I could potentially alt-space-m arrow keys. Is there another way to get that program to display on Window #1?  I tried right click on the program and doesn't seem to be anything there. I tried Windows Key and Arrows. I Tried right click toolbar and cascade.  I'm hoping this is a DUP or Softball question because this annoys the crap out of me.  Thanks!! Remove all packages installed from a PPA? I have installed LibreOffice 4 using PPA. I was using LibreOffice 3, then  I had upgraded to LibreOffice 4, because I was somewhat eager to try a new version.   Now since I found that LibreOffice 4 has some issues, including handling my native language, I want to move back to LibreOffice 3.  This question  has already some answers which has some similarity with my above mentioned issue, but it does not solve my problem. This question talks about downgrading from a specific version of LibreOffice, namely from 4.0 to 3.6. The solutions mentioned are not the ones I am looking for. They will work, but the  solutions suggest either downloading .deb files for LibreOffice 3.6 or adding PPA for them. Furthermore, some of the answers put out-of-proportion~(applicable for the solution, however) stress on use of , not general command-line-solution.     I want a general solution without using PPA or downloading .deb files. All I want is to move back from the (higher) PPA version to the (lower) official version.  Anyway, in order to accomplish this, I removed the LibreOffice config directory from my home and then purged LibreOffice from my machine.  sudo apt-get purge libreoffice-*   Then I removed the relevant PPA's using the sudo apt-add-repository --remove command. And then ran sudo apt-get update.  Now, when I try to install LibreOffice using the command  sudo apt-get install libreoffice   I get an avalanche of output about unmet dependencies, something like,   The following packages have unmet dependencies:  libreoffice : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:3.5.7-0ubuntu4) but it is not going to be installed (snipped)    If I dig the issue further, by using the command,  sudo apt-get install libreoffice-core   I get    The following packages have unmet dependencies:  libreoffice-core : Depends: libreoffice-common (&gt; 1:3.5.7) but it is not going to be installed                 Depends: libexttextcat0 (&gt;= 2.2-8) but it is not going to be installed                 Depends: ure (&gt;= 3.5.7~) but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.    Could you please tell me how do I install LibreOffice 3 in my machine?  I am using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS.    EDIT  Before receiving , I was wondering, at this very moment, if I take a fresh computer, and install Ubuntu 12.04, LibreOffice installation will work without a hitch. Then why I can not install LibreOffice in my 12.04 machine today from simple command line?  Then the accepted answer clarified everything. I need to use ppa-purge so that this resets all packages from a PPA to the standard versions released for my distribution.  Basically it is like a way to restore my system back to the way it was before my installed packages from a PPA.  further elaborates the idea.    worked perfectly for me. Actually, this was an education for me since it taught me how do downgrade a package that was added via PPA. And I realized that the answer actually teaches us to "move from PPA installation  of a package to official lower version package." What is a good introductory book on quantum mechanics? I'm really interested in quantum theory and would like to learn all that I can about it. I've followed a few tutorials and read a few books but none satisfied me completely. I'm looking for introductions for beginners which do not depend heavily on linear algebra or calculus, or which provide a soft introduction for the requisite mathematics as they go along.  What are good introductory guides to QM along these lines? How can I prohibit putting figure after the footnote? I have pretty simple LaTeX code that has a lot of figure environments, and I see the figure is inserted after the footnote.   \documentclass[10pt, onepage]{article}  \usepackage{graphics,graphicx} \usepackage{hyperref}  ... dependent code\footnote{You should use at least JRE 1.5 or later, but I highly recommend using JRE 1.6 or later}, you can safely use the JRE 1.5 or later.   \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{pic_install/4_configure_build_path.png} \caption{Configuration menu} \label{fig:config_build} \end{figure} How does "warp drive" not violate Special Relativity causality constraints? I'm talking about this nonsense:   Now, I'm aware that there are problems with the practicalities (or possibilities) of methods involving exotic matter with negative mass, and that kind of thing has been addressed here:   But in this case my question is different and more specific. Sweeping all the other problems of constructing such a beast under the rug, wouldn't this violate causality?  SR says that the simultaneity and relative ordering of events is dependent on the relative motion of the observer, but that no matter how it works out, if event A causes event B, no observer will see B first. One of the many problems with FTL travel (or signals) is that if any information is sent faster than light, there will exist an inertial frame in which the signal arrives before it is sent, a blatant violation of causality. (I think we can all agree, can we not, that the threshold should be extremely high before breaking assumptions that we're in a causal universe?)  So how is any scheme to travel faster than light, even if it may locally satisfy the equations of GR, not a blatant violation causality according to SR?  Is my understanding of GR incomplete and there's something in it that obviates the causality implications of SR? Or am I correct that FTL claims should be dismissed with extreme prejudice on this basis alone? (Pending a serious replicable experiment showing causality to be breakable.) Evaluation of $\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\frac{1}{2n}\cdot \ln \binom{2n}{n}$ How to do joins in LINQ on multiple fields in single join I need to do a LINQ2DataSet query that does a join on more than one field (as  var result = from x in entity join y in entity2         on x.field1 = y.field1  and            x.field2 = y.field2   I have yet found a suitable solution (I can add the extra constraints to a where clause, but this is far from a suitable solution, or use  solution, but that assumes an equijoin).  Is it possible in LINQ to join on multiple fields in a single join?  EDIT  var result = from x in entity              join y in entity2              on new { x.field1, x.field2 } equals new { y.field1, y.field2 }   is the solution I referenced as assuming an equijoin above.  Further EDIT  To answer criticism that my original example was an equijoin, I do acknowledge that, My current requirement is for an equijoin and I have already employed the solution I referenced above.  I am, however, trying to understand what possibilities and best practices I have / should employ with LINQ. I am going to need to do a Date range query join with a table ID soon, and was just pre-empting that issue, It looks like I shall have to add the date range in the where clause.  Thanks, as always, for all suggestions and comments given How to add csv file in QGIS 2.0 using Delimited Text Layer Plugin? I used to import csv files in previous versions of QGIS using the format below, but when I upgraded to QGIS 2.0 the delimited text layer plugin was changed and I can't import the file anymore. The plugin can't also detect the x,y or long lat field unlike in previous versions. Any ideas how to add the file? Thanks      Heres what it looks in Text Editor: