Do orcs possess fëa? Orcs appear to be sentient. Orcs are (possibly) derived from elves who do possess fëa. So do they possess "a soul"? and if so, what happens to it when they die? do they get the gift of men?
What is the true origin of the orcs? There are a bunch of theories about the true origin of the orcs. Tolkien tried out a few different origins for his Orcs throughout his life but died before he could fully revise The Silmarillion with his final view on their origins and nature.   There is a list of origins proposed by Tolkien():   Made of stone and slime through the sorcery of Morgoth; East Elves, where The Silmarillion contains a suggestion that Orcs are descended from East Elves captured by Melkor, their minds and bodies distorted and corrupted. Sentient beasts, another of Tolkien's theories proposes that Orcs may have begun as soulless animals of vaguely humanoid shapes, empowered by the will of the Dark Lord (Morgoth) and learning language only as parrots do. Fallen Maiar, there are hints in the History of Middle-earth series of books, (especially in Morgoth's Ring in the section "Myths Transformed"), that some Orc leaders, such as the First Age's Boldog, or the Great Goblin encountered by Bilbo and the Dwarves, may in fact have been fallen Maiar which had taken Orc form. Corrupted Men, while Tolkien at some point saw all Orcs as descended from the original corrupted and tortured Elves, later comments of his indicate, according to Christopher Tolkien in Morgoth's Ring "Myths Transformed" text X, that he began to feel uncomfortable with this theory. At about the same time he removed the references to the Thrall-Ñoldorin, he also began searching for a new origin for the Orcs. It seems Tolkien wanted to change the origin of the Orcs to make them corrupted and twisted Humans.  A mix of corrupted Elves and Men, A late idea of Tolkien seems to be that Orcs (or Orks, showing the late spelling change) had a mixed origin of Elves and Men. Some cross-bred with Men, Tolkien also suggested that Men were cross-bred with Orcs under Morgoth's lieutenant, Sauron (and possibly under Morgoth himself). The process was later repeated during the War of the Ring by Saruman. This possibly refers to the way the Uruk-hai and the Half-Orcs were created, in The Lord of the Rings.   Of all these theories, which is the most accepted, and which did Tolkien agree with the most? I always thought that orcs were made of East Elves, as explained in The Lord of The Rings, but the story goes beyond this, there are the stories in many other books that explain different things.  What can you tell me about this?
Calculate the display width of a string in C#? A Java version of this question was just answered, and, well, I don't know how to do this in .net.   So how do you calculate the display width of a string in C# / .net? Compound Adjectives and -ed A colleague asked me this question, and I couldn't come up with an answer that satisfied him, so I'm wondering if anyone can help:  Why does a man with a short temper become a short-tempered man? In other words, why do you need the -ed at the end?  Are there any special rules for this? I have a table that is very wide. Now I want to force it into one landscape page. I already set the page orientation to landscape but now I don't know how to force it into one page with scaling. Any hints? Smoothing/interpolating across images in an ImageCollection to remove missing data I have some code that is working properly to calculate the monthly NDVI averages for the previous two years from a date but I sometimes have missing data in some of the months and I would like to get an average based on the mean of the previous two months. I suppose I could also interpolate from the closest geographic data point but it seems like it would be better to interpolate across time than distance given that sometimes the clouds cover reasonably large areas.   But I'm certainly open to other opinions, I just want to fill these holes as accurately as possible. Is there an efficient way to do this.  and here is the code itself:  // pick a landsat tile footprint to use as my geometry var wrs2_descending = ee.FeatureCollection('ft:1_RZgjlcqixp-L9hyS6NYGqLaKOlnhSC35AB5M5Ll'); // use a manually defined point to pick the WRS2 tile var wrs2_filtered = wrs2_descending.filterBounds(roi); var layer1 = ui.Map.Layer(wrs2_filtered, {}, 'WRS2 filtered'); Map.layers().set(1, layer1);  var imageCollection = ee.ImageCollection('LANDSAT/LC08/C01/T1_SR').filterBounds(wrs2_filtered); var monthCount = ee.List.sequence(0, 11);  // Function to cloud mask from the pixel_qa band of Landsat 8 SR data. function maskL8sr(image) {   // Bits 3 and 5 are cloud shadow and cloud, respectively.   var cloudShadowBitMask = 1 &lt;&lt; 3;   var cloudsBitMask = 1 &lt;&lt; 5;    // Get the pixel QA band.   var qa = image.select('pixel_qa');    // Both flags should be set to zero, indicating clear conditions.   var mask = qa.bitwiseAnd(cloudShadowBitMask).eq(0)       .and(qa.bitwiseAnd(cloudsBitMask).eq(0));    // Return the masked image, scaled to reflectance, without the QA bands.   return image.updateMask(mask).divide(10000)       .select("B[0-9]*")       .copyProperties(image, ["system:time_start"]); }  // run through the image collection and generate monthly NDVI median images var composites = ee.ImageCollection.fromImages(monthCount.map(function(m) {   var startMonth = 1; // thinking that I should always start from Jan so the series are similar   var startYear = ee.Number(2017-1); // number is one year before the current one    var month = ee.Date.fromYMD(startYear, startMonth, 1).advance(m,'month').get('month');   var year = ee.Date.fromYMD(startYear, startMonth, 1).advance(m,'month').get('year')    // filter by year and then filter by month to get monthly mosaics   var filtered = imageCollection.filter(ee.Filter.calendarRange({     start: year.subtract(1), // we want an average of the last two years     end: year,     field: 'year'   })).filter(ee.Filter.calendarRange({     start: month,     field: 'month'   }));   // mask for clouds and then take the median   var composite = filtered.map(maskL8sr).median();   return composite.normalizedDifference(['B5', 'B4']).rename('NDVI')       .set('month', ee.Date.fromYMD(startYear, startMonth, 1).advance(m,'month')); })); print(composites);  Map.addLayer(composites, {min: 0, max: 1}, 'check');  // stack the ImageCollection into a multi-band raster for downloading var stackCollection = function(collection) {   // Create an initial image.   var first = ee.Image(collection.first()).select([]);    // Write a function that appends a band to an image.   var appendBands = function(image, previous) {     return ee.Image(previous).addBands(image);   };   return ee.Image(collection.iterate(appendBands, first)); }; var stacked = stackCollection(composites); print('stacked image', stacked);  // Display the first band of the stacked image. Map.addLayer(stacked.select(0).clip(wrs2_filtered), {min:0, max:1}, 'stacked'); I am supposed to integrate $f(z)=$$\frac{5}{z}$ from -3 t0 3 but I am having trouble understanding how to do this. I've done the integration the "hard" way by using parametrizations but now I need to use the fact that $f(z)$ is analytic everywhere except at $z=0$ and a different method to perform the integration but I am stumped. Software Name: Oracle SQL Developer Version 17.2.0.188  I have three tables: orders, order_details, and products.  I wanted to run a query to update units_in_stock in the products table based on quantity in order_details, where the associated orders row has been marked as shipped, and has a shipping date.  Here's what I tried:  UPDATE Products SET (Products.Unit_In_Stock = Products.Unit_In_Stock - Order_Details.Quantity) INNER JOIN (     Orders INNER JOIN Order_Details ON Orders.Order_ID = Order_Details.Order_ID     ) ON Products.Product_ID = Order_Details.Product_ID WHERE (         ((Orders.Shipped_Date) IS NOT NULL)         AND ((Orders.This_Order_Was_Shipped) = "YES")         );   When I run this, I get:  Error at Command Line : 1 Column : 45   Line 1, Column 45 is the equal sign in the very first statement that said  Products.Unit_In_Stock = Products.Unit_In_Stock - Order_Details.Quantity   Can you help me get this working? Will grammar errors become correct after enough people use them for enough time? How to fix sculpting ridges? I ran into a problem I have never seen before and that is when I try to sculpt on a mesh, it sculpts like this:  Instead of this: I am using dyntopo with these settings:   I feel like theres a very obvious solution to this, but I have no idea what it is. "Images with street signs" CAPTCHA impossible to solve I just got challenged (over on ) by the new "Mark all images with street signs" CAPTCHA.  I must have tried a dozen times to solve it by checking all images that had street signs, but I never succeeded.  Of note is a text input field without instructions of what to enter there. I suspect that is the problem: It is expecting input, but doesn't tell me what to input.  It's either broken or I am missing something.  I am using Chrome on an iPhone in "full site" mode. Reasons not to use a 741 op-amp? Find the value of $\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt 2}+\frac{1}{ \sqrt 3}+......+\frac{1}{\sqrt {1000}}\right]$ Find the value of $$\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt 2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt 3}+.....+\frac{1}{\sqrt {1000}}\right]$$.Where [•] denote the greatest integer function.   I am very confused about this problem. I tried to find the upper and lower bound of the function. But I can't find any formulas to find the bounds. Somebody please help me. Spontaneous electroweak symmetry breaking (i.e. $SU(2)\times U(1)\to U(1)_{em}$ ) is at scale about 100 Gev. So, for , gauge bosons $Z$ &amp; $W$ have masses about 100 GeV. But before this spontaneous symmetry breaking ( i.e. Energy > 100 GeV) the symmetry $SU(2)\times U(1)$ is not broken, and therefore gauge bosons are massless.  The same thing happens when we go around energy about $10^{16}$ GeV, where we have the Grand Unification between electroweak and strong interactions, in some bigger group ($SU(5)$, $SO(10)$ or others). So theoretically we should find gauge bosons $X$ and $Y$ with masses about $10^{16}$ GeV after GUT symmetry breaks into the Standard Model gauge group $SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)$, and we should find massless X and Y bosons at bigger energies (where GUT isn't broken).  So this is what happened in the early universe: when temperature decreased, spontaneous symmetry breaking happened and firstly $X$ &amp; $Y$ gauge bosons obtained mass and finally $Z$ &amp; $W$ bosons obtained mass.   Now, I ask: have I understood this correctly? In other words, if we make experiments at energy above the electroweak scale (100 GeV) we are where $SU(2)\times U(1)$ isn't broken and then we should (experimentally) find $SU(2)$ and $U(1)$ massless gauge bosons, i.e. $W^1$, $W^2$, $W^3$ and $B$ with zero mass? But this is strange, because if I remember well in LHC we have just make experiments at energy about 1 TeV, but we haven't discovered any massless gauge bosons. QCompleter Custom Completion Rules I got a problem while making a model of a product. I have tried a lot even seen lots of tutorial but did not get the thing that i want. I am using Blender 9.92 and I am just a beginner I got my hands on Blender 7-8 days ago. I've just basic knowledge about I am trying to model a product &quot;Mattress Topper&quot;   This is the exact look of the product, Help me how i can model this product and render realistic images. Unable to upgrade Windows 10 edition from Home to Pro I have a Lenovo laptop which upgraded from Windows 8.1 Home to Windows 10 Home.  I have a (legitimate) Windows 10 Pro key which I ran through the "Change Product Key" wizard.  After a reboot I get an error which states "We couldn't upgrade your edition" and asks me to try again or seek help from my system administrator (me!) or Microsoft.  There is nothing in the event logs except Info entries in the Setup log stating it failed to change the installed state to Pro Edition with a hex error code (I don't have access to the laptop right now, I will update later with the full log details)  Googling the hex error code led me to a Windows 7 KB Article regarding Windows Update failure due to locked files. The article stepped through using MSCONFIG to perform a clean boot which I did, but still got the error.  Any pointers on how to upgrade this laptop? Or will I have to get the sledgehammer out and do a clean install? can I change value of $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']? Power series is locally normally convergent in its convergence radius $B(0,R)$ Is there a streaming API for JSON? Is DOM the only way to parse JSON? Equation mode, labelling equations I have the following   \[K^{-1}\left\|\sum\limits_{n=1}^N a_ny_n\right\|    \leq \left\|\sum\limits_{n=1}^N a_nx_n\right\|    \leq K\left\|\sum\limits_{n=1}^N a_ny_n\right\| (\dagger)\]   But the dagger doesn't appear at the right hand end of the page. How can I Get it so that it does appear on the end of the page? the \hfill command doesn't seem to work. Thank you. A native speaker said: "I have ever went to" I heard a guy from Manchester, UK said &mdash;     It was the best restaurant I have ever went to.   And Google offers 23 million pages for the query "have ever went to", and only 3 millions for "I have ever gone to".  Is this form correct? Has the grammar changed?