Problem I recently made a post that was deleted by the moderators for being only a link (still learning what's acceptable). My post:   I received 2 downvotes on the answer before it was deleted. I received -4 rep for the downvotes, but then +4 for the deletion (even though I was not the one to delete the answer). Later, I edited my answer and requested an undelete. Upon undelete the - 4 rep hit my account again even though this answer is entirely different from the first, and shows a 0 for the upvote/downvote interface.   Current Votes:      Current Rep for Answer:   Questions     Why do I receive positive rep when another user deletes my answer? Why does the negative rep from downvotes on the previous answer show in my feed (and affect my current standing), but not on the interface feature upon undelete? Is this a bug or just the way the site functions?   Explanation I do not think that this post is effectively explained by the post:   It does not explain why the negative rep persists and why the UI is unchanged.
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I can't download apps from the Play Store on my Android device (maybe due to a network issue), so I'm wondering how could I download the APK file of an app on my PC from ? Plotting bell shaped curve in TikZ-PGF I want to create some bell shaped curves for demonstrating hypothesis testing in statistics. Can anybody help me drawing curves like shown in the following picture? First of all, am I being crazy in thinking that if $\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of $AB$, where $A$ and $B$ are both $N \times N$ matrices (not necessarily invertible), then $\lambda$ is also an eigenvalue of $BA$?  If it's not true, then under what conditions is it true or not true?  If it is true, can anyone point me to a citation?  I couldn't find it in a quick perusal of Horn &amp; Johnson.  I have seen a couple proofs that the characteristic polynomial of $AB$ is equal to the characteristic polynomial of $BA$, but none with any citations.  A trivial proof would be OK, but a citation is better. On my Amazing 2GB EeePC Surf, I have no more space left!  This is quite normal, and it happens every now and then. Just delete a few large, unneeded files and everything should be good, right?  So I go and find a 2MB file in /tmp, and rm -rf it. Check free space again, and -- still nothing?!  I had to remove about 30MB of files before it registered some free space.  Now, my question is, what's up with this strange behaviour? Is convex surface normal in cast iron skillet? How to provide translations for a WordPress TinyMCE plugin? I know that I can get my translations into JavaScript doing:      $MyTranslations = array(         'translation1' =&gt; __("Some String 1", "MyTranslations"),         'translation2' =&gt; __("Some String 2", "MyTranslations")     );     wp_localize_script( 'jquery', 'my_translations', $MyTranslations );   But looking at some of WordPress TinyMCE plugins they use calls like this:  { title : ed.getLang('advlink.link_desc'), ... }   How is WordPress getting their translations into getLang()? Am I supposed to do it this way or do I just use my first bit of code and access the variables directly like:  { title : my_translations.translation1, ... } Difference between “with”, “at” and “for” with a business title and a company name The prepositions “with”, “at” and “for” are also used to associate a business title with a company's name. It seems that they are interchangeable, with no (significant) difference in meaning. The following examples taken from The New York Times website seem to confirm that:      Until now, said Justin Nielson, a senior analyst for the media   research firm SNL Kagan, “there really hasn't been any direct   competitor . . .      “The consumer is still deleveraging,” said Jason Goldberg, a senior   analyst with Barclays. “It's not a lack of supply; it's a lack of   demand.”      “There’s the party of fear and the party of despair,” Nikos Xydakis, a   political analyst and an editor at Kathimerini daily, said.   Are they really the same as for meaning? If it isn't so, what is the difference between them? How to easily map c++ enums to strings Comparing and contrasting, p-values, significance levels and type I error I was wondering if anybody could give a concise rundown as to the definitions and uses of p-values, significance level and type I error.  I understand that p-values are defined as "the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one we actually observed", while a significance level is just an arbitrary cutoff value to gauge if the p-value is significant or not. Type I error is the error of rejected a null hypothesis that was true. However, I am unsure regarding the difference between significance level and the type I error, are they not the same concept?  For example, assume a very simple experiment where I flip a coin 1000 times and count the number of times it lands on 'heads'. My null hypothesis, H0, is that heads = 500 (unbiased coin). I then set my significance level at alpha = 0.05.  I flip the coin 1000 times and then I calculate the p-value, if the p-value is > 0.05 then I fail to reject the null hypothesis and if the p-value is &lt; 0.05 then I reject the null hypothesis.  Now if I did this experiment repeatedly, each time calculating the p-value and either rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis and keeping a count of how many I rejected/failed to reject, then I would end up rejecting 5% of null hypotheses which were in actuality true, is that correct? This is the definition of type I error. Therefore, the significance level in Fisher significance testing is essentially the type I error from Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing if you performed repeated experiments.  Now as for p-values, if I had gotten a p-value of 0.06 from my last experiment and I did multiple experiments and counted all the ones that I got a p-value from 0 to 0.06, then would I also not have a 6% chance of rejecting a true null hypothesis? I use \includegraphics command to insert image to the document. But how can I add a border around this image w/o any margin between border lines and image? It seems to be very easy, but I can't find it in the documentation. I upgraded my Mega Ring and have been looking for Mega Stones, and I found . However, the Mega Stone isn't in the place it's supposed to be, and I'm sure the location is right. Why isn't my Mega Stone here? In my online brokerage account, I want to buy a particular stock and I see the following:  Bid:  13.20 x200           Ask:  13.27 x1,000   the current stock price is 13.22.   Can someone explain what the bid and ask prices mean relative to the current price?  If I buy 1000 shares, why would I pay more? I am a beginner of ordinals and I don't know any powerful techniques in it. I come across with a problem about the first uncountable ordinal like this.  Let $X$ be a set of uncountable cardinality. Using the Principle of Well Order we have a well ordering $\le$ on X(and $&lt;$ means $\le$ but not euqual). By adding an element, which we denote by $∞$, and introducing the convention that $x &lt; ∞$ for all $x ∈ X$, we will assume that X has a maximum with respect to $\le$.   We define $ω_1 = \text{min} \{ x ∈ X : \{y ∈ X : y &lt; x \} \  \text{is uncountable}\} $  Clearly such a $ω_1$ exists. we define $0 = \text{min} \ X$ and intervels $[0,x], [x,y), (a,b]$ etc. in the usual sense.  Here are my questions:  (1)For any countable $A ⊂ [0, ω_1)$ there is an $x &lt; ω_1$ so that $A ⊂ [0, x]$.(I don't know how to make use of the countability and uncountablity here)   (2)Equipped with the topology generated by open intervals,  $[0, ω_1]$ is compact.   (3)A famous application of the first uncountable ordinal is to find an example of a Borel measure (with respect to the topology in (2)) that is not Radon. So how to construct a finite Borel measure $µ$ on $[0, ω_1]$ which is not a Radon measure?  Any solutions or elementary references will be appreciated! Sort a Map by values Why do investors pay trillions for minority stakes in companies, when their only potential payback is modest uncertain dividends? I'm struggling to understand the core reason to invest in stocks as a minority shareholder. Majority shareholding makes more sense as you effectively control the company, so you can pay yourself dividends or even sell the entire company at will. You can guarantee your own payback.  However, as a minority shareholder, you don't get to make any of these decisions. You're basically just hoping to eventually, some day get paid, if the majority holders decide so.  Why do so many investors agree to pay now huge sums of money (trillions in total) for something that may eventually pay dividends, and even in the best case, these dividends are only a fraction of the price you paid to acquire these stocks?  The average annual dividend rate for the US stock market is 2%. That means if you bought 100 million worth of shares, you'd have to wait 50 years to recover your investment.  Of course, the most probable way you'd eventually get liquidity for these shares is by selling them to some other starry-eyed investor - which makes the whole thing seem like a giant Ponzi scheme.  Given all that, it's unclear to me why the public is willing to spend so much money to acquire minority shares in companies. How to disable the keyring for SSH and GPG? $ f:\mathbb C\rightarrow \mathbb C$ defined by $f(z)=0$, if $Re(z)=0$ or $Im(z)=0$ and $f(z)=z$, otherwise. Unable to Retrieve Metadata Are the rationals a closed or open set in $\mathbb{R}$? I'm trying to "add" an 3D object onto a photo. I have added the photo to the scene in three ways so far, but none of them render (eevee):   Camera > Background Images Empty a. Add > Empty > Image (Empty gets added to current Collection) b. Add > Image > Backround (Empty gets added to Scene Collection)   These all show up in the 3D View and I was able to align the camera and the object so its perspective matches the scene in the photograph. But when I Render the scene, I only see the object, not the background image.  For the latter, it's simple: Empties are not rendered at all. There are few questions about this, since 2.8 has changed how it handles background images. The most popular seems this one (it includes references to others):      But I seem not to be able to find a method to have the background image render.  Another method might be to use the Compositor (Nodes) to Mix or Alpha Over an Image with the Render Layers. But this does not give the same alignment as achieved with the background image (also this requires that the World background does not get rendered (Alpha channel); for Eevee, this can be achieved by checking Film>Transparent).  What other options are there?  Docs: