I have the following .bmp file called mapa.bmp    As you can see, from the embedded picture, my background is fully transparent. I made sure to check and my Image-&gt;Mode is set to RGB as well.    and I saved it using the default options:    All seems fine and dandy, right?  However, if I use the picture anywhere, or even re-open it with photoshop, the transparent background is lost and opened with white background.       Saving the file as .png works fine, but sadly I need to use .bmp, .ico or .jpg format   Any idea what could be the cause?
I created a bitmap with transparent background but in the Windows Picture Viewer I see the white background and even if I reopen it in Photoshop CS3. how do I make sure the white colour in bitmap is really transparent or see if contain any transparent colour?
Inferring father/son relationships from Senior (Sr.) / Junior (Jr.) naming? As in my other questions, I am investigating the spread of the Blackstone family name in early America. I came across the following tidbits and I would like to know if my interpretation is (likely to be) correct.  In the "All Kent County, Delaware Probate Records, 1680-1800" collection on ancestry.com, we have the following items.   In 1792, there was a will executed by Eben Blackiston, Sr. In 1794, there was a will executed by Ebenezer Blackiston, Jr. (and Abraham Redgrave).   My question is simple.  Is this enough evidence to reasonably conclude that there was a father/son combo of Ebenezer Blackistons living in Kent County, Delaware during the 1790s?  This would be an interesting result for me as my current research only has two people by this name in the state at the time, and none of them were part of a Jr./Sr. combination.  If this is not enough evidence, what are some other possibilities I need to consider? User suggested great corrective edit to my answer, but the edit was rejected. What can I do to approve it? Keyboard shortcuts for each input language Can I set up keyboard shortcuts for each input language? For example I want to set "Ctrl + 8" for English, "Ctrl + 9" for Ukrainian and "Ctrl + 0" for Russian languages. I don't want to switch and search language I need. It takes time. I want directly to turn language I want. I had this ability  in Windows. Maybe I need to install some plugin? In a bash shell script, writing a for loop that iterates over string values In bash, I know that it is possible to write a for loop in which some loop control variable i iterates over specified integers.  For example, I can write a bash shell script that prints the integers between 1 and 10: #!/bin/bash  for i in {1..10} do  echo $i done  Is it possible to instead iterate over a loop control variable that is a string, if I provide a list of strings?  For example, suppose that I have a string fname that represents a file name.  I want to call a set of commands for each file name.  For example, I might want to print the contents of fname using a command like this: #!/bin/bash  for fname in {&quot;a.txt&quot;, &quot;b.txt&quot;, &quot;c.txt&quot;} do  echo $fname done  In other words, on the first iteration, fname should have the value fname=&quot;a.txt&quot;, while on the second iteration, fname should have the value fname=&quot;b.txt&quot;, and so on.  Unfortunately, it seems that the above syntax is not quite correct.  I would like to obtain the output:  a.txt b.txt c.txt  but when I try the above code, I obtain this output:  {a.txt, b.txt, c.txt}  Can you please help me determine the correct syntax, so that I can iteratively change the value/contents of the variable fname?  Thank you for your time. My dev team is getting ready to start a new project. The shop has been a "VB shop" since the days of VB3, but the prevailing opinion now is that we're a ".NET shop" and since C# was created specifically for .NET, whereas VB.NET was a retrofit, we've decided to move forward writing C# only. The controversy revolves around the question of whether the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace has a legitimate place in new development or if it is only for backward compatibility for VB6 (and older) code. A further, and more interesting question is whether the code "under" the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace is even .NET code of if it is really the old VB runtime carefully packaged in a .NET wrapper, making it in fact a COM interop control (similar to how WinForms wraps the non-.NET Win32 windowing API but exposes only .NET APIs for consumption).  To make this even more confusing, our dev team has a Microsoft Consulting Services consultant telling us Microsoft no longer supports Visual Basic, including the VB runtime underlying the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace.  What I'm looking for are links -- preferably to unimpeachable Microsoft sources -- to documentation that definitively answers this question one way or the other. I've already tried several search permutations on Google and not gotten any closer to getting to the bottom of this question.  EDIT: Apparently I didn't make my question clear. I'm not asking if VB.NET is true .NET code. I'm trying to determine if whatever is "under" the Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace is .NET code or if it's the old VB6 runtime carefully packaged and exposed as .NET code. Someone already said that 9/10 of the namespace simply wraps code from elsewhere in .NET; what about that other 1/10? In PHP, the HEREDOC string declarations are really useful for outputting a block of html.  You can have it parse in variables just by prefixing them with $, but for more complicated syntax (like $var[2][3]), you have to put your expression inside {} braces.  In PHP 5, it is possible to actually make function calls within {} braces inside a HEREDOC string, but you have to go through a bit of work.  The function name itself has to be stored in a variable, and you have to call it like it is a dynamically-named function.  For example:  $fn = 'testfunction'; function testfunction() { return 'ok'; } $string = &lt;&lt;&lt; heredoc plain text and now a function: {$fn()} heredoc;   As you can see, this is a bit more messy than just:  $string = &lt;&lt;&lt; heredoc plain text and now a function: {testfunction()} heredoc;   There are other ways besides the first code example, such as breaking out of the HEREDOC to call the function, or reversing the issue and doing something like:  ?&gt; &lt;!-- directly output html and only breaking into php for the function --&gt; plain text and now a function: &lt;?PHP print testfunction(); ?&gt;   The latter has the disadvantage that the output is directly put into the output stream (unless I'm using output buffering), which might not be what I want.  So, the essence of my question is: is there a more elegant way to approach this?  Edit based on responses: It certainly does seem like some kind of template engine would make my life much easier, but it would require me basically invert my usual PHP style.  Not that that's a bad thing, but it explains my inertia..  I'm up for figuring out ways to make life easier though, so I'm looking into templates now. How to delete files listed in a text file Does a non-abelian semigroup without identity exist? Euclidean distance vs Squared What library do I have to use such that the document can render \lt and \gt as less than and greater than signs, respectively? \documentclass{article} %\usepackage{amsmath} It does Not work ! \begin{document} \[ x\lt y \gt z \] \end{document}  What library do I have to use such that the document can render \lt and \gt as less than and greater than signs, respectively? Edit I am using MathJax library in my site under Asp.net Mvc 3. Web application is vulnerable to XSS and XSRF attacks so &lt; and &gt; should be avoided as the input from the users. My database will save LaTeX commands that can be rendered by both LaTeX compiler and MathJax. Therefore, I need \gt and \lt that already work in MathJax. Source:  Rendered: Shortest path from points in one layer to points in another layer via roads in QGIS I'm looking for a way to calculate the shortest path from addresses to subway stations via a network of roads.  I have the , however, the addresses and subway stations are point layers that do not overlap with vertices in the roads layer.  In QGIS, is there a way to calculate the shortest distance from the address/subway station points to the roads, create vertices at those locations, then calculate the shortest distance via the roads network?   black squares - addresses white circles - subway stops gray lines - roads Community, please show some holiday spirit! Why does ? And more importantly: why does she not wear them?    Please, show some goddamn holiday spirit! Can we get Community to wear her hats, either randomly or through popular vote? Biblatex handling of Dutch "van" prefix This question has been posed in many different variants, but not exactly as I ask here, so please do not consider this as a duplicate.  I use biblatex with the option useprefix. I would like to have the following automatic behavior:   Name prefixes are rendered before the last name in the bibliography, but always in lower case. The name prefixes are ignored for the sake of sorting of the bibliography. In running text, the name prefix is rendered with a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence, and lower case elsewhere (possible using \Textcite vs. \textcite).   To achieve this, I can have three author fields for each concerned entry, with the following scheme:  author = { {v}an Dijk, A.} shortauthor = { van Dijk, A.} sortname = {Dijk, A. van}   Is there a simple way to automate this? Ideally, such a way could also allow for easy changing of the system. So many interesting questions get asked on Stack Overflow and then immediately closed (or worse yet, closed and re-opened for days on end) because they're subjective, argumentative, and fundamentally unanswerable due to our lack of omniscience: without the ability to see into the future and/or know the secret motivations of companies and their developers, we are left to make wildly varying (un)informed guesses. The obvious solution to this is to add a  feature to the Ask a Question page. Similar to the current &quot;Related Questions&quot; feature, this could be used to answer otherwise-unanswerable questions before they're asked, thus saving everyone time and frustration. I propose a simple system whereby a web cam is aimed at an ordinary  device, long recognized as one of the most accessible and accurate fortune-telling mechanisms available to modern society. A simple  could be placed under this rig and triggered in response to the user's typing. Once focus leaves the Title input field, a short delay will be triggered, followed by a bit of logic to capture the 8-ball's result and feed it through a simple OCR routine to produce the result.  So far as I'm aware, SO would be the first major Q&amp;A site to implement such a feature...  Examples:            ...another UV resurrection... Deploy Community Builder audience page assignments with ant migration tool? Previous question:    That was when my buttons died.  On other days, my text dies.    And some times it's just italics.    Now, I like blaming @skiwi for this, and he's often nearby when it happens.  But today, he's not here, and it happened again.    I'm running Windows 8 and using Chrome 40.0.2214.94 m.  Refreshing and such does not fix the issue.  Inspect element -> console -> error log:  http://chat.stackexchange.com/chats/8595/messages/new Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 409 (Conflict) http://i.stack.imgur.com/2ZJdJ.png?s=128&amp;g=1&amp;g&amp;s=16 Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 502 (Bad Gateway) http://i.stack.imgur.com/boUZp.jpg?g&amp;s=16 Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 502 (Bad Gateway) http://i.stack.imgur.com/U8P3C.jpg?s=128&amp;g=1&amp;g&amp;s=32 Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 502 (Bad Gateway) http://i.stack.imgur.com/boUZp.jpg?g&amp;s=16 Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 504 (Gateway Time-out) http://chat.stackexchange.com/messages/19891816 Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 409 (Conflict)   What's going on here?  I should note, I can view italics by selecting, then alt-tabbing:    So it reeks of a client-side issue. What's hiding the text from me?  EDIT:  30 april 2015 it happened again =/ Exact Duplicate:        I was reading an article on MSDN where I found a mention to google-fu. It says, “To search for C++ delimeters and code snippets is going to take a little Google-fu on the reader's part.” what does google-fu mean? PPA seems to be constantly offline. Whenever I use sudo apt-get update, this error is shown:  W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/ 404  Not Found   How do I fix these errors? What is the formula for Real vs Apparent Depth, when not looking perpendicular to the interface?   I know the formula $$\frac{\text{real depth}}{\text{apparent depth}}=n$$   but I'm not looking for this. In Clash of Clans there was an update on 9/16 adding a Tie-breaker into the wars, can anybody explain in detail how this mechanism works?