When I tried to define the CRS of my raster layers env : crs(env) &lt;- CRS(&quot;+proj=lcc +lat_1=49 +lat_2=77 +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-95 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs &quot;)  I got this error: In showSRID(uprojargs, format = &quot;PROJ&quot;, multiline = &quot;NO&quot;, prefer_proj = prefer_proj) :   Discarded datum Unknown based on GRS80 ellipsoid in CRS definition  Knowing that I'm using R 4.0.3 on Mac, and I didn't have this issue on the previous versions. Does anyone know how to handle this issue?
Context: I want to store the TIFF data to use it for running a linear regression model later on. Ultimate goal: Create a carbon map using field data as a basis. Libraries: library(sp) library(raster) library(tidyverse) library(rgdal)  plotcoord &lt;- SpatialPointsDataFrame(AGCplot[,3:4], AGCplot[,1:2],proj4string=CRS('+proj=longlat'))  pspcoord&lt;-spTransform(plotcoord, CRS('+proj=utm +zone=21')) #Omzetten naar UTM21N (= S1) plot(pspcoord)  s1 &lt;- stack('Some.tif')  colnamen = c(&quot;plotid&quot;,&quot;AGC&quot;,&quot;B2&quot;,&quot;B3&quot;,&quot;B4&quot;,&quot;B5&quot;,&quot;B6&quot;,&quot;B7&quot;,&quot;B8&quot;,&quot;B8A&quot;,&quot;B11&quot;,&quot;B12&quot;,&quot;NDVI&quot;,&quot;NDWI&quot;,&quot;MMRI&quot;,&quot;IRECI&quot;,&quot;MASI&quot;,&quot;VV&quot;,&quot;VH&quot;)  s1_e &lt;- extract(s1,pspcoord,method='bilinear')  Upon extraction I get the following message: Warning message: In proj4string(x) : CRS object has comment, which is lost in output
Java generics T vs Object I had recently taken the hard drive out of my computer so that I could install a bigger one. But when I reconnected it to the computer, all the files on the E:\ partition and some of the files on the C:\ partition had strange names like TTv5yV5354$YVC5Wy on them. I did on one occasion move an electromagnet near the drive. Could that have caused this? Please help me, some of those files were valuable. linux find command to move files Why do carnivores evolve? If humans can live without consuming other animals, then why do we do it? From a biological point of view, why do we eat meat? I would also extend the question to other animals because many animals are carnivorous: why did carnivory evolve and why do animals eat meat? Can we interchange phrases " What's the date today?" and "what day is it today?" How do I remap the Caps Lock and Ctrl keys? I'd like to remap my keys such that Ctrl behaves as the Caps Lock key and vice-versa. Also, if possible I'd like the settings to be available only within the currently logged-in user. How can I achieve this?  I'm a vim user, unlike the other people who use this machine, so I'd like those settings only for my account. Where were the cannons in final fight in Wakanda in Infinity War? In Black Panther, Ulysses Klaue describes his arm cannon as a leaf blower in comparison to the cannons/weapons that Wakanda has.  Infinity War comes after the events of Black Panther, so the weapons should exist. During the final fight with the children of Thanos and Space Dogs (as Rocket refers to them), Wakandans could have used these powerful cannons, pointing them at the opened section of barrier. Instead they chose a fist fight.  Even M'Baku says that it would be the end of Wakanda, so the magnitude is huge and risks are very high. Why were these powerful weapons not used?    Edit 1: I watched the movie again and planes are there in the fight. But they were only used to destroy the spaceships that crashed. Raised index of partial derivative Probability that $m$ balls will fall into first box Suppose we have $n$ balls that are randomly distributed into $N$ boxes. Find the probability that $m$ balls will fall into the first box. Assume that all $N^m$ arrangements are equally likely.  Attempt: First, we notice that for the first box, we have $n$ choices, and for the second box we also have $n$ choices, and so on. Thus, we have $n^N$ ways to place the balls into the boxes. Pick $m$ balls out of the total $n$ balls, that gives ${n \choose m}$. In how many ways can these $m$ balls go into the first box? Well, in just ${1 \choose 1 }= 1 $ ways. Thus, $$ P = \frac{ {n \choose m } }{n^N } $$ Is this correct? I want to find an example of a homomorphism $f:G\to H$ such that $A$ is a normal subgroup of $G,$ but $f(A)$ is not so in $H.$  I know that if $f$ was onto $f(A )$ must be normal , but otherwise i want to find an example! General relativity is expressed in terms of differential geometry, which allows you to do interesting things with the coordinates: multiple coordinates may refer to a single point, eg. the  has whole lines at the top and the bottom that correspond to the North and South poles, respectively; or a single coordinate may refer to multiple points, for example by using inverse geometry the origin refers to all the points infinitely far away.  So, is the singularity just a single point in the curved spacetime, or can it be a more extended object, described by a single coordinate? I'm trying to create a bowling animation and I want the ball to hit the pins. I already added the Rigid Body physics to the objects but can't get the ball to move.  Obviously I could just add keyframes but   that seems to interfere with the Rigid Body physics it doesn't look too realistic.   Is there a way to add some kind of motion to the ball? Do you need to disavow on [HTTPS SSL] after performing a disavow on [HTTP] I have a client which disavowed a few thousand dirty links from his site profile back in February 2015. Recently the site was switch from HTTP to HTTPS (SSL enforced).   Google recommends that you add all variations to the Google Console (Webmaster Tools).  The site has a total of 4 variations, eg:    http://www.example.com (Previously Preferred) http://example.com https://www.example.com (Now Preferred) https://example.com   Question:  Since technically this is a new property in Google Webmaster Tools, do you need to submit the same disavow file added previously back in 2015? How much memory can a 32 bit process access on a 64 bit operating system? There is a yes command in unix/linux which basically infinitely prints y to the stdout. What is the point of it, and how is it useful? Can this statistic be shown not to be sufficient for $\theta$? This problem comes from , who do not rigorously demonstrate (in their solution key) that the statistic is not sufficient.  Let $X_1,\dots,X_n$ be a random sample from a population with PDF $f(x|\theta)=\theta x^{\theta-1} \cdot 1_{\{x\in(0,1)\}}$ for $\theta&gt;0$. Show that $\sum_i X_i$ is not sufficient for $\theta$.  If you write out the PDF $p(\vec{x}|\theta)$ of the random sample, it is clear by the factorization theorem that $\prod_i X_i$ or $\sum_i \log(X_i)$ are sufficient for $\theta$; the PDF $p$ also suggests $\sum_i X_i$ is not sufficient for $\theta$. However, to rigorously demonstrate this, we need to analyze $p(\vec{x},\theta)/q(T(\vec{x},\theta)$, where $p$ is the distribution of sample $\vec{x}$, $q$ is the distribution of the statistic $T(\vec{X})=\sum_i X_i$. But finding the distribution of $T(X)=\sum_i X_i$ seems impractical. I have observed that $f$ is the PDF of a Beta($\theta$,1) distribution, but checking online, the distribution of the sum of Beta random variables doesn't appear to have a closed form. Are there any alternative routes (e.g., showing there is no factorization involving $T(\vec{X})$)? Did C&amp;B leave out a full explanation that $\sum_i X_i$ is not sufficient because none actually exist? Apache on CentOS 5.9 VM serves modified files incorrectly ESRI has an  from 2004 showing all the symbols available in ArcGIS at the time and their names. I don't need it often but if I'm searching for a certain symbol and don't know its name it's sometimes easier to look at a few sheets of paper than to use the Symbol Selector. It doesn't seem like it's been updated for ArcGIS 10, though. I was wondering if anyone is aware of a new version of this, or if anyone has created one on their own they might be willing to share. Lie algebra and tangent space at the identity are isomorphic Define the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of a Lie group G to be the set of all left-invariant vector fields of $G$. I want to prove that   $$          f: \mathfrak{g} \rightarrow T_eG \\              X \mapsto X(e) $$ is a linear isomorphism.  The only thing that I have left to prove is surjectivity.Letting $v\in T_eG$, we set $X\in \mathcal{X}(G)$ such that $\forall x\in G,\,X(x)=L_{x_{*,e}}(v)$ (I still have to show that such an $X$ is indeed a vector field on $G$). We get that  $$ f(X)=X(e)=L_{e_{*,e}}(v)=v $$  where the last equality holds because  $$       L_{e_{*,e}}(v)f = v(f \circ L_e) = v(f \circ id_G) = v(f) $$ for any $f\in C^\infty(G)$. (I am thinking of the tangent vectors as derivations).  Now all we have left to do is prove that such an $X$ is left-invariant, and it is therefore an element of $\mathfrak{g}$, but I do not know how. I tried to prove that  $$            \forall f\in C^\infty(G),\, L_{{x}_*,y}(X(y))f=X(L_x(y))f $$ but with no success. queries with db_select don't respect integers When I check "SHOW PROCESSLIST" in phpMyAdmin I can see lots of queries where argument-integers are being inserted as strings (with single quotation marks).  I'm wondering if this is due to the way phpmyadmin reports the queries (if it puts every argument between quotation marks) of if it is db_select that puts every argument between quotation marks.  An example of my code where integers are being used as arguments:  $select-&gt;join('taxonomy_index', 't_'.$key, 't_'.$key.'.nid = n.nid AND t_'.$key.'.tid = :tid_' . $key, array(':tid_'.$key =&gt; (int)$tid)); $select-&gt;condition('t_'.$key.'.tid', (int)$tid);   As you can see I explicitly write (int)$tid but in my query log I can see the following:  ... WHERE (t_0.tid = '10') ...   The big question is: How can I be sure that integers are being treated as integers in my queries? I don't want MySQL having to transform strings to integers.