I´m creating a new bibliography style by customizing the standard.bbx file for my master thesis. So far I had no big troubles but now I want to adjust the macro series number since this should be in parentheses. Due to the lack of information I somtimes only have a seriesor the number.   So far it works out well, unless I only have the series. Then a space between the last word of the series and the closing parentheses appeares.  Here is my new macro  \newbibmacro*{series+number}{%     \iffieldundef{series}% Überprüfen ob series vorhanden         {}         {   \setunit{\addspace\bibopenparen}             \printtext{Reihe \addcolon\space}%             \printfield{series}             \iffieldundef{number} % Überprüfen ob noch Bd kommt                 {\printtext{\bibcloseparen}}                 {\setunit{\addcomma\space}}         }%     \iffieldundef{number}%         {}         {   \iffieldundef{series}%                 {\setunit{\addspace\bibopenparen}}                 {}             \printtext{Bd \adddot}             \printfield{number}%             \printtext{\bibcloseparen\space}         }   \newunit}   And here is the MWE  \RequirePackage{filecontents}  \begin{filecontents*}{my_bibfile.bib}     @incollection{Akyar.2008,         author = {Akyar, Bedia},         title = {Dual Quaternions in Spatial Kinematics in an Algebraic Sense},         pages = {373--391},         bookpagination = {page},         publisher = {T{\"u}bitak},         isbn = {1010-7622},         editor = {{Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey}},         booktitle = {Turkish journal of mathematics},         year = {2008},         abstract = {},         shorthand = {AKYA08},         location = {Ankara},         edition = {32},         number = {4}     }      @book{Angeles.2007,         author = {Angeles, Jorge},         year = {2007},         title = {Fundamentals of Robotic Mechanical Systems},         url = {http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10229254},         edition = {Third Edition},         publisher = {{Springer Science+Business Media LLC}},         isbn = {0-387-29412-0},         subtitle = {Theory, Methods, and Algorithms},         shorthand = {ANGE07},         language = {eng},         location = {Boston, MA, USA},         series = {Mechanical Engineering Series},         abstract = {},         doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-34580-2},         file = {http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/PPNSET?PPN=546653987},         file = {http://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/DEAGI363052149B0CFDDDC125715B0045ACDA.pdf},         file = {http://zbmath.org/?q=an:1140.70001}     } \end{filecontents*}  \documentclass[fleqn]{scrreprt}  \usepackage[scaled]{helvet} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}  \usepackage[style=alphabetic, % Use this style  isbn=false, doi=false, url=false, maxbibnames = 4, minbibnames = 3, language = ngerman, giveninits=true]{biblatex}   \bibliography{my_bibfile}  \begin{document}  \nocite{*}  \printbibliography  \end{document}   The first reference only has a number (Here (Bd. 4)). The second has a series. But bevor the closing parentheses there is a unnecessary spacing.
I see that the code in many packages and examples contains percent signs % at the end of (many) lines. What are they used for? Do they affect the parsing of those lines?
What is mathematical existence? Introduction to proofs with a fair amount of hand-holding? Lately I've gotten a friend of mine interested in mathematics. He has no college-level education to speak of, but is well employed as a software engineer. So I feel he's competent to learn this stuff on his own.  He asked me recently if there was a 'mathematical' version of .  The point being, if there was an "introduction to proofs" book which took a more hand-holding approach. He's also expressed fondness for the .  However, metamath's proofs are obviously a bit too low level to learn anything serious.  At one point in our conversation, I mentioned the dependently typed programming language , but I felt it's not quite as helpful until he at least gets some experience with  (for which the target audience of Agda is Haskell programmers, hence the similarity in syntax).  Anyone have any good suggestions on a book? Direction arrows on a circle I would like to plot circle (or another curve) with positive direction (and show it wit arrows).  This plots the circle  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \RequirePackage{pgfplots} \usetikzlibrary{shadows} \usetikzlibrary{shapes} \usetikzlibrary{decorations} \usepackage{verbatim} \usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview} \PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture} \setlength\PreviewBorder{5pt} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[             xmin=-1.5,xmax=2.5,ymin=-1.5,ymax=1.5,             axis lines=center,             ticks=none,             unit vector ratio*=1 1 1,            ]                   \addplot [very thick, smooth, domain=(0:2*pi)] ({1.+cos(deg(x))},{sin(deg(x))});        \addplot[only marks,mark=*] coordinates{(1,0)};         \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}   And I want to add arrows like that    Would you advise me how to add such arrows? Is the Nintendo Switch region locked? Many Nintendo devices often come with , which means if you purchase a device in one country, you won't be able to play games from another (generally).  Is the Nintendo Switch also region locked like many of its predecessors such as the Wii U and Wii? Where can I find a complete reference for the $PS1 variable? The default PS1 variable on my machine (Kubuntu 13.10) is this:  \[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$   I'm looking for a reference for how the $PS1 variable works that, at a minimum, allows me to understand the above PS1 variable. Why can't I connect to Pokemon Go via mobile data? Difference between '>' and '-gt' What's the difference between these:  SEC=$(mysql -hxxx -Pxxx -uxxx -pxxx -se "SELECT Seconds FROM tablename")  SEC=100   Both return the same result (100). But when I test it with:  if [ ${SEC} &gt; 1 ] then     echo "SEC GT 1" else     echo "SEC LT 1" fi   The first one returns:  "SEC GT 1"   The second one returns:  "SEC LT 1"   If however, I change it to:  if [ ${SEC} -gt 1 ]   then the result is reversed.  I'm assuming it's got something to do with the datatype, and that I presumbaly need to cast one or the other to get the same result.  It's just that at present it's messing up my testing, as I have to remember to change the IF section every time. Where can I find Ghost/Poison/Psychic type Pokémon? Is convex hull of a finite set of points in $\mathbb R^2$ closed? Is the convex hull  of a finite set of points in $\mathbb R^2$ closed? Intuitively, yes. But not sure how to show that. Thanks! hostname returns another device's name I realized that the hostname had changed while I was doing some work using terminal in OS X Yosemite. I thought there might be an IP address conflict so I reset it. However I still get another device's name (someone else's iPhone, to be exact) when I use the hostname command:  Last login: Fri May  1 15:52:42 on ttys000 SomeonesiPhone:~ irem$  SomeonesiPhone:~ irem$ hostname SomeonesiPhone.wireless.duke.local   What's going on and how can I fix this?  It appears the IP address has not changed. But the address that I get by doing ipconfig getifaddr en0 is different from my public IP address.  I looked up my public IP address using Google, like this: Let $R$ a ring, and let $$\displaystyle R[[x]]=\left\{\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}a_k x^k\;\middle\vert\; a_k\in R\right\}$$ with addition and multiplication as defined for polynomials.  We have that $R[[x]]$ is a ring containing $R[x]$ as a subring.  How to prove that if $a_0\in R$ is a unit, then  $\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}a_k x^k$ is a unit in $R[[x]]$? Range of values of skewness and kurtosis for normal distribution I want to know that what is the range of the values of skewness and kurtosis for which the data is considered to be normally distributed.   I have read many arguments and mostly I got mixed up answers. Some says for skewness $(-1,1)$ and $(-2,2)$ for kurtosis is an acceptable range for being normally distributed. Some says $(-1.96,1.96)$ for skewness is an acceptable range. I found a detailed discussion here:  regarding this issue. But I couldn't find any decisive statement.   What is the basis for deciding such an interval? Is this a subjective choice? Or is there any mathematical explanation behind these intervals? I always see commands like this  apt-get -y install    What is the -y tag for and what is the difference between apt-get install with and without the -y tag? I've been using Texmaker for ~5 years now and prefer it over other editors because of its flexibility.   Is there a way to auto-indent LaTeX code in TeXmaker so that the code becomes more manageable ? Beginner Question: How to close/split panels? What is the motivation behind axiomatically forcing the underpinning group of a ring to be abelian? Noncommutative rings are vastly more complex than commutative ones, so I am assuming that allowing the additive operation to be noncommuting would just make matters worse. Is there something deeper here, or is this a restriction for the sake of convenience and simplicity? Is there an GUI Designer for python? Background Video is shown in Rendered mode but not when szene is rendered i have a 3D Object and want to add a background image( if possible even a movie) to this 3D Object. I use Cycles to render and tried a plane with the  image as texture. When i go into render mode, it looks like this(picture with background) and when rendered, it has no background. The key also looks into  a different direction.  Should i even use Cycles for this or use motion tracking? i tried to use that but had several problems.     Rendered mode   When scene is rendered Display the original question beneath the answer edit form Often when I edit one of my answers, it's because I want to better address the original question. The only problem is that I can't see the original question while I'm editing my answer!  I'd love to see the original question text beneath the "answer edit" form. This way I could scroll down slightly to read it if I wanted to, or just ignore it if not.  Current workaround is to click the 'return to answer' link and hope that you remember to launch it in a new tab/window, then tab back and forth.    Imported from this uservoice item: I have a form with a lot of controls on it.  How can I detect when the mouse leaves the form?  I've tried wiring up a MouseLeave event for every single control and the form, but that does not work because those events fire all the time as the mouse passes over controls.  Is there a way that actually works.?