What does "Peer review in process" mean in ScholarOne submission? I have submitted my manuscript to a journal that uses ScholarOne system. After 20 days, the status is still "Peer review in process". I don't know this means the Reviewers are reviewing my manuscript, or it is still on "Editor's desk"?
What does the typical workflow of a journal look like? What steps does a manuscript typically go through from submission to publication (or rejection) in a typical journal? How are these steps referred to, in particular by editorial systems, and how long do they each typically take?  Note that this question is about the typical situation and hence not about:   Journals with an atypical workflow, e.g. those that allow for an instantaneous reviewer–author interaction. Exceptional steps or rare occurrences such as withdrawal or .   This is a canonical question on this topic as per . Due to its nature, it is rather broad and not exemplary for a regular question on this site. Please feel free to improve this question.
What is a plain English explanation of "Big O" notation? R/mgcv: Why do te() and ti() tensor products produce different surfaces? Explanation behind Second Derivative of a Parametric Equation Formula I am looking to find out how the second derivative formula works.  I can blindly apply it but I don't have a grasp of what is going on or why. The first derivitive has the formula $\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\frac{dy}{dt}}{\frac{dx}{dt}}$. I told this was because if you divide them you cancel out the dts and get dy/dx. The second derivative has the formula $\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right) = \frac{ \frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right) }{\frac{dx}{dt}}$. Is this something that can be explained with only a knowledge of calculus or is this something I would have to take on faith until I learn more. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Homeomorphism is bijective Here is my question:  Is a homeomorphism, that is, a continuos function whose inverse function is also continuous, always bijective? Science fiction short story: beam transporting people into the distant future Is it possible to use a spell scroll with a spell that requires a bonus action to cast? The DMG contains spell scrolls (on page 200), with the following rule:     If the spell is on your class's spell list, you can use an action to read the scroll and cast its spell without having to provide any of the spell's components.   This is all well and good for spells with a casting time of 1 action (which admittedly is most of them), but for spells with a bonus action casting time, how is it supposed to work?  Does it require:   Both an action and a bonus action?  Just an action? Just a bonus action? Something else I haven't thought of?   In case it needs saying, I'm not interested in speculation here - only RAW-based answers or explicit statements of developer intent should apply. Show that the free group on $n$ generators is a finite index subgroup of $F_2$ Using covering spaces, prove that for each integer $n \geq 2$, $F_n$ is a finite index subgroup of $F_2$, where $F_n$ is the free group on $n$ generators.  I get how the cayley graph of $F_n$ would be a wedge of $k$ circles and the cayley graph of $F_2$ would be a graph of a vertex and two edges, but I don't understand how we can create an injective map from $F_n$ to $F_2$ and show its a subgroup. Solving functional differential equation $f'(x)=2f(2x)-f(x)$ How to find correctly the .bib file? I have a .bib document called References.bib saved in the following directory: C:\Users\dvale\Documents\3_References\References.bib  This file contains this entry: @Article{Ballot2014,   author    = {Ballot, Andreas},   title     = {Diversity of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in {Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa}},   journal   = {Marine and Freshwater Research},   year      = {2014},   volume    = {65},   number    = {2},   pages     = {175--189},   issn      = {1323-1650},   doi       = {10.1071/mf13153}, }  I created a document and cited this reference, however the citation is not appearing, apparently because the .bib file was not found. I'm using biber as bibliographic tool (if is important this information). \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} \usepackage{biblatex} \addbibresource[location=remote]{C:/Users/dvale/Documentos/3_References/References.bib} \begin{document} Example \cite{Ballot2014} \printbibliography \end{document}  When I compile the bibliography (F8 in TeXstudio) the following error appears ERROR - Cannot find 'C:/Users/dvale/Documentos/3_References/References.bib'!  EDIT 1: I use JabRef to create my .bib files with UTF-8 encoding The .blg file has the following information in the notepad [0] Config.pm:312&gt; INFO - This is Biber 2.15 (beta) [0] Config.pm:315&gt; INFO - Logfile is 'MWE.blg' [105] biber-MSWIN64:330&gt; INFO - ===  [127] Biber.pm:415&gt; INFO - Reading 'MWE.bcf' [234] Biber.pm:952&gt; INFO - Found 1 citekeys in bib section 0 [251] Biber.pm:4334&gt; INFO - Processing section 0 [267] Biber.pm:4523&gt; INFO - Looking for bibtex format file 'C:/Users/dvale/Documentos/3_References/References.bib' for section 0 [502] Utils.pm:411&gt; ERROR - Cannot find 'C:/Users/dvale/Documentos/3_References/References.bib'! [502] Biber.pm:132&gt; INFO - ERRORS: 1 WinForms: How to programmatically fire an event handler? I want to programmatically invoke an event handler for a control. For example:  DateTimePicker dtpLastConsummated;   I want to trigger the TextChanged event handler for the dtpLastConsummated, how can i do it?  In other languages I would call something akin to:  dtpLastConsummated.TextChanged(this, new EventArgs());   but in .NET you can have multiple event handlers:  dtpLastConsummated.Click +=new EventHandler(dtpLastConsummated_TextChanged); dtpLastConsummated.Click +=new EventHandler(dtpLastConsummated_AnotherHandler); dtpLastConsummated.Click +=new EventHandler(dtpLastConsummated_MoreHandlers); ... dtpLastConsummated.Click +=new EventHandler(dtpLastConsummated_Nminus1);   so you need a way to trigger all the attached event handlers.    Answer  The following code will fire the event:  Toolkit.FireEvent(dtpLastConsummated, "TextChanged", new EventArgs());   And here's the code of the static toolkit function:  /// &lt;summary&gt; /// Programatically fire an event handler of an object /// &lt;/summary&gt; /// &lt;param name="targetObject"&gt;&lt;/param&gt; /// &lt;param name="eventName"&gt;&lt;/param&gt; /// &lt;param name="e"&gt;&lt;/param&gt; public static void FireEvent(Object targetObject, string eventName, EventArgs e) {    /*     * By convention event handlers are internally called by a protected     * method called OnEventName     * e.g.     *     public event TextChanged     * is triggered by     *     protected void OnTextChanged     *      * If the object didn't create an OnXxxx protected method,     * then you're screwed. But your alternative was over override     * the method and call it - so you'd be screwed the other way too.     */     //Event thrower method name //e.g. OnTextChanged    String methodName = "On" + eventName;     MethodInfo mi = targetObject.GetType().GetMethod(          methodName,           BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);     if (mi == null)       throw new ArgumentException("Cannot find event thrower named "+methodName);     mi.Invoke(targetObject, new object[] { e }); }     Note: I'm not creating a subclass of every control in the .NET framework, and every 3rd party control, and convincing an enterprise worth of developers to retrofit every form to use my custom controls. bash: syntax error near unexpected token `}' I tried using this:  $ if [$a == 1] then { echo 'yes'; } fi;   but I get an error:  -bash: syntax error near unexpected token `}'   What is the correct format?  I tried several with no luck. An elementary question regarding a multiplicative character over finite fields Reading Chapter 2 of Koblitz's Introduction to Elliptic Curves and Modular Forms, I got stuck on the following question. I would like to proceed my reading, so I would appreciate any hint to this. I have no background in Algebraic Number Theory, but if someone explains in that language, I would like to see it and learn it as much as I can at this moment. References will also be appreciated!  Let $q$ be a power of prime $p$ such that $q \equiv 1 \mod 4$ and $p \nmid 2n$.  Question. Let $\chi_{4} : \mathbb{F}_{q}^{*} \rightarrow S^{1}$ be the character of order $4$, show that $\chi_{4}(-4) = 1$.  The hint in the book says we may show that $\chi_{4}(4) = \chi_{4}(-1) = 1$ for $q \equiv 1 \mod 8$ and $\chi_{4}(4) = \chi_{4}(-1) = -1$ for $q \equiv 5 \mod 8$.  If $q \equiv 1 \mod 8$, then $\chi_{4}(4) = \chi_{4}(2)^{2} = \chi_{2}(2) = \pm 1$, where $\chi_{j}$ denotes the character of order $j$. So I think $2$ must be quadratic residue in this case, but I cannot figure out why. How to make dried desert/cracked ground I am trying to create a cracked ground appearance for an animation that takes place in the desert. something like the image here:I would like to do this all in blender, and have blender generate the texture so I will not have to worry about unwanted ridges like those you would get in an image from the internet: I am wondering if there is a way to procedurally generate these cracks and use them with microdisplacements. Thank you! In the United States we have a saying, "your mileage may vary", which means "your experience may be different".  In English-speaking countries that don't use Imperial miles, is there an equivalent expression? Let $a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots$ be reals. Prove that if $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n^{2}$ converges, then so does $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {a_n}{n}$.   For this I have shown the case for when $ a_n^{2} \le\frac {|a_n|}{n}$ $\Rightarrow$ $ |a_n|\le\frac {1}{n}$ $\Rightarrow$ $\frac {|a_n|}{n} \le \frac{1}{n^{2}}$ and we know that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {1}{n^{2}}$ converges and hence $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac {a_n}{n}$ converges by the comparison test. Now considering $ a_n^{2} \ge\frac {|a_n|}{n}$ $\Rightarrow$ $\frac {|a_n|}{n} \le a_n^{2}$ $\rightarrow$ combining the two cases for any n we have: $\frac {|a_n|}{n}\le\frac{1}{n^{2}}+a_n^{2}$ Hence using the comparion test again we know that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n^{2}$ converges and $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {1}{n^{2}}$ converges hence the sum converges so we can conclude that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {a_n}{n}$ is absoluetly convergent $\Rightarrow$ convergent.  Not to sure if this is correct, any help would be much appreciated, many thanks. If you have a single atom in a box, what state of matter would it be in? If the walls of the box were made of a completely inert material, what state of matter would the atom be in? Or would it not have one? I realized this is a duplicate of several other questions. When should \cdot be used to indicate multiplication? Is this purely personal style, or are the generally accepted guidelines? Clearly, when dealing with numbers either $2 \cdot 2$ or $2 \times 2$ is needed, but within formulae where an absence of an operator implies multiplication, when should a \cdot be used? I tend to use it only sparingly if it aids in grouping. (Of course, barring the cases where it's required, e.g. a dot product.) So from what I understand transistors are one of the most important electronic elements for computers because of TTL (Transistors-Transistors Logic).  Is this true? If so, how exactly does this work? I have heard the terms "logic gate" and "logic block" tossed around. I know that each new tab on Google Chrome have its own process, but I have 14 chrome.exe processes running actually as I can see it on the Task Manager, and only two tabs are opened on Google Chrome.    Could it be due to Chrome extensions? What other reason can open more chrome.exe process and how to avoid it? How can I install firmware-b43-installer driver if I can't connect to internet by wire?