Put a timer on a function inside while loop There's lots of questions about it but I don't quite get it yet. I have to upload some code into a server to run 24/7, and this code will be basically something like this:    while True:     variable1 = function1()     variable2 = function2()     variable3 = function3()   So let's say I want to do variable2 = function2() once every hour or so, for performance (I don't understand much about it, but I think it'll do good to put a timer on it)    I can't use time.sleep() on it because the code has to keep going I mentioned the server thing because I don't know if answers using a system timer works with it, I'm still learning how to do it. Forgot to say I'm using Python 2.7
Timeout on a function call I'm calling a function in Python which I know may stall and force me to restart the script.   How do I call the function or what do I wrap it in so that if it takes longer than 5 seconds the script cancels it and does something else?
How do I set the page title? I know I could change the page title with drupal_set_title(t('Amy page title')), but when I try it in Drupal 8 I get the There is no such function error.  How can I change page title in Drupal 8? Agreement in "[Singular Noun] Is/Are [Plural Noun]"? My fish's native habitat is rice fields. My fish's native habitat are rice fields.   Which one is correct? I'm pretty sure it's the first, since 'is' modifies 'habitat,' but it still sounds weird... What is the difference between old style and new style classes in Python?  When should I use one or the other? Fighting Spam - What can I do as an: Email Administrator, Domain Owner, or User? This is a  about Fighting Spam.   Also related:                    There are so many techniques and so much to know about fighting SPAM. What widely used techniques and technologies are available to Administrator, Domain Owners, and End Users to help keep the junk out of our inboxes?  We're looking for an answer that covers different tech from various angles. The accepted answer should include a variety of technologies (eg SPF/SenderID, DomainKeys/DKIM, Graylisting, DNS RBLs, Reputation Services, Filtering Software [SpamAssassin, etc]); best practices (eg mail on Port 25 should never be allowed to relay, Port 587 should be used; etc), terminology (eg, Open Relay, Backscatter, MSA/MTA/MUA, Spam/Ham), and possibly other techniques. Substitute for onions and garlic I love the taste of onions and garlic and it seems lots of other people do too.  But they upset my stomach so much that I can't really cook with them.  What can I use in their place to give my food a similar flavour? How to access phpMyAdmin after installation? How can I get vertex positions from a mesh? I want to read the vertex x and y coordinates with a script or a function.  How can I do that?  The   appears to have no position I could use.  I'd take any alternative approach that could give me x and y coordinates. Why does no physical energy-momentum tensor exist for the gravitational field? Starting  with the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian  $$ L_{EH} = -\frac{1}{2}(R + 2\Lambda)$$  one can formally calculate a gravitational energy-momentum tensor   $$ T_{EH}^{\mu\nu} = -2 \frac{\delta L_{EH}}{\delta g_{\mu\nu}}$$  leading to  $$ T_{EH}^{\mu\nu} = -G_{\mu\nu} + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu} = -(R_{\mu\nu} - \frac{1}{2}g_{\mu\nu}R) + \Lambda g_{\mu\nu}. $$  But then, in the paragraph below Eq. (228) on page 62 of  paper, it is said that this quantity is not a physical quantity and that it is well known that for the gravitational field no (physical) energy-momentum tensor exists.  To me personally, this fact is rather surprising than well known. So can somebody explain to me (mathematically and/or "intuitively") why there is no energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field? Why does the odd part of the function integrate to $0$? When evaluating the integral $$\int^1_{-1}\frac{\cos(x)}{1+e^{1/x}}dx,$$ the author says that the odd part of the function integrates to $0$ over $-1$ to $1$. I have calculated the even part of the function ($\frac{1}{2}\cos(x)$), so the integral is equal to $\sin(1)$. But why exactly does the odd part integrate to $0$? How to revert a do-release-upgrade? I can update my Ubuntu to the new LTS version. As you can think, its not a highly important server since I run 13.10 (not a LTS version). Anyway - I actually want to upgrade my server, but would like to be able to revert this upgrade.   I would be able to reinstall Ubuntu 13.10 and overwrite it with my backup. But I want to know if there is a more comfortable way to do this. TBH I guess theres no command as undo-release-upgrade but I thought it would be worth to ask for it.  This is my current daily backup script  tar cvpzf $backup_file --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=$backup_file --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/sys --exclude=/media --exclude=/tmp / How can I move all the window controls to the right (or left)? Downloaded Ubuntu tweak and set window controls to the right side. Only some programs follow the rule. Pidgin as an example has window controls on the right. But Chrome, Thunderbird, Geany, still have controls on the left.  How can I move ALL window controls(close/min/max) to the right (or left)? Show that a set is dense in $[-1,1]$ Show that $\{\cos\ n:n \in \mathbb{N}\}$ is dense in $[-1,1]$ by using the fact below:      Suppose $x$ is irrational. Then there exists $p_n,q_n \in \mathbb{Z}$   such that $\bigg|x -\frac{p_n}{q_n}\bigg| &lt; \frac{1}{q_n^2}$   I have no idea on how to apply the fact above to show the set is dense in $[-1,1]$. Can anyone help me? Can we have a perfect field of characteristic $p$ with a non-archimedean valuation? I was wondering if someone could critique my argument here. The problem is to find the probability where exactly 2 people in a room full of 23 people share the same birthday.  My argument is that there are 23 choose 2 ways times $\displaystyle \frac{1}{365^{2}}$ for 2 people to share the same birthday. But, we also have to consider the case involving 21 people who don't share the same birthday. This is just 365 permute 21 times $\displaystyle \frac{1}{365^{21}}$. To summarize:  $$\binom{23}{2} \frac{1}{365^2} \frac{1}{365^{21}} P\binom{365}{21}$$ I don't know why but now, when i go in material preview or rendered (in solid mode it works fine), my object is entirely gray, or invisible idk, because it has the same color of the background. I've been working for days on this project without having this issue, it suddenly showed up. I tried opening other old projects and suddenly they all do the same so i guess it is some blender program setting that applies for all the projects, but idk how it happened cuz i didn't change anything :/, anyone got any tips? Trouble With Persistence After Making a USB Live Thumb Drive Using Pendrivelinux I created a bootable Ubuntu on my 32GB thumb drive (on a NTFS partition) and I selected a persistence of 4GB.  I've noticed that when I reboot from the initial booting off of the USB thumb drive, nothing is preserved.  No apps that were installed nor saved bookmarks.  Is there a way for me to manually force persistence? Just ran the latest batch of updates on 20.04 (Xubuntu), and now I'm getting a GRUB error: symbol 'grub_calloc' not found  I'm dropped into the 'grub rescue' shell, but have no idea what to do there that might be useful. To me, 'symbol not found' implies some sort of build error with the grub package, but I don't really know how grub works. I noticed that this update also included 'firmware', not sure if that could be related. Is my best bet just to boot from a live CD and see if I can roll back the update to grub somehow? Edited to add: OK, thanks to lots of people ! Here's what I think I now understand.  On 'non-UEFI' systems, grub is installed in two separate parts. The first, most basic, part is the part that is started on bootup. But for most of it's functionality, it needs the second part. These parts must be aligned - neither part must require any functionality from the other part which is not actually there. The visible, run-time problem occurs when these parts are not aligned, and the function grub_calloc is not supplied. It's not 100% clear to me if grub_calloc belongs in the second, larger part or the first. I would have expected the second, but the grub build system is a work of considerable art, so I don't know :).  The root cause of the problem is that the grub update has not ensured that both parts have been updated. Ideally, failure to do this should cause grub installation to fail, and the system should be reverted to a safe state. This does not happen. This is actually still a bit of a mystery to me. All that the update needs to do by default is put each part where the current parts are, because obviously that worked. If the install locations/drives are configuration - driven, and one of these locations can't be reached, then somehow a mismatch has arisen between that configuration data and reality. This might not show up as a problem as long as no new dependency was introduced between the parts.   All flavours of solution involve reinstalling grub to ensure that the two parts are aligned. It's not actually necessary to go back to the previous version ( although that will work ), because it's not the grub runtime per se that is broken. There are numerous ways to achieve this, depending on your environment, but running the Boot-repair live disk worked for me. It may be useful, for the purpose of avoiding such a misalignment in future, to ensure that the grub installer on your system is configured to install to the correct devices. This update resolves some important bugs (). If you have reverted grub to resolve this problem, be aware that you are exposed to these issues. So I am using cryptopp to encrypt a file in a project and I am using AES-GCM. I have a 256bit key and a 128bit ivec and a 128bit tag that I use to encrypt files.  However, I want to know where the authentication tag is stored? I notice if I specify a tag size of 0 then the encrypted file size is the same number of bytes as the original file.  Is the authentication tag simply appended to the end of the file? Removing files with strange names Possible Duplicate:          Somehow I ended up with a file named "-r".  How do I remove it?  rm -r doesn't work.  I tried 'rm -i `ls -a`' to step through the file names, but it didn't prompt me to delete this one.  Edit A very hacky approach was to use python's os.unlink function.  That worked, but I'm curious to hear other ways. Hide the term id on autocomplete widget