Javascript Code  var d = function c() { console.log(c); }; d(); // function c() { console.log(c); };  c(); // Reference Error   I understand the concept of variable hoisting where variable declarations and function definitions are hoisted to top of the existing scope. Also function definition in function expressions are not hoisted.   So, above will be  var d; d = function c() { console.log(c); }; d(); c();   Hence d is a reference to a named function c   on executing d() the function c is executed in global scope, where there is no variable or property named c. But still console manages to log function definition of c.  When I tried c() I got a reference error. [As I Expected]   Case 2 proves that there is no window property named c available So, How did d() manage to print the c's definition on execution?   Does every function have its own definition in its local scope as a property?
I've recently started maintaining someone else's JavaScript code. I'm fixing bugs, adding features and also trying to tidy up the code and make it more consistent.  The previous developer used two ways of declaring functions and I can't work out if there is a reason behind it or not.  The two ways are:  var functionOne = function() {     // Some code };     function functionTwo() {     // Some code }   What are the reasons for using these two different methods and what are the pros and cons of each? Is there anything that can be done with one method that can't be done with the other?
Meaning of different Orders of Derivative I have been trying to analyse the meaning of higher order derivatives and their geometrical significance.  Given a function $f(x)$ what are the unique geometric interpretation of its higher orders?   $f'(x)$ - slope (rate of change of x w.r.t y) $f''(x)$ - convexity / concavity of $f(x)$ based on $sign(f''(x))$ $f'''(x)$ - increasing / decreasing slope of $f'(x)$ $f''''(x)$ - ?? ... $f^n(x)$ - ??   I apologize if this question is rudimentary. When should I use a struct rather than a class in C#? Prove that, $\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{d}+\frac{d}{a}\ge 4$ where we do not use AM-GM inequality on the given statement to prove it. Non-static variable cannot be referenced from a static context Once it is compiled, is there a difference between:  delegate { x = 0; }   and  () =&gt; { x = 0 }   ? Why couldn't Doctor Strange use his sling ring in space? How do i convert a binary int into a string? I have a specific requirement (probably silly!) for testing a browser of Chrome. I realize this requirement isn't the most logical, but politics being what they may I'd like to know the technical workaround.  I need to test a site in version, let's say, 28 of Google Chrome. Obviously Google runs a silent updater which can be disabled, but at this point they don't (to my knowledge) release old archives of the MSI installers (which I can easily use to reinstall and force a no-update option for testing). If we can get this working on a single instance then there's a possibility that a virtual machine or some other workaround will give us an easy restore point to meet this test.  If anyone has a good idea of where to start here that would be amazing.  I've already floated the "why are we doing this question?" and the answer is that it is part of the requirements so we need to make a best effort.  UPDATE:   FileHippo appears to only archive the online installer (automatic update)  OldApps doesn't archive Chrome anymore  OldVersion doesn't appear to have any Chrome Archives   UPDATE 2:  - The accepted answer's server is the correct solution here at this point in time. Basically speaking you're looking for the full install (30 or so MB). If you have an 800K file it is the online installer which automatically updates. In Drupal 8 you can load an entity with:  $node = \Drupal::entityManager()-&gt;getStorage('node')-&gt;load(123);   This looks for the entity definitions and finds that node is defined by Drupal\node\Entity\Node - so (I guess) Drupal\node\NodeStorage will instantiate a new Drupal\node\Entity\Node instance.  What I'd like to achieve is subclassing Drupal\node\Entity\Node and being able to instantiate this subclass when it's appropriate. For example if I have a node bundle article, there would be a class:  namespace Drupal\my_module\Entity\Article; class Article extends Drupal\node\Entity\Node { }   And I'd call:  $node = \Drupal::entityManager()-&gt;getStorage('node_article')-&gt;load(123);   And the return would be my Article subclass.  I can achieve this by creating a new entity type and wiring it back to another existing entity definitions, for example the node-article example would be this class:  namespace Drupal\my_module\Entity; use Drupal\node\Entity\Node; /**  * @ContentEntityType(  *   id = "node_article",  *   label = @Translation("Content"),  *   bundle_label = @Translation("Content type"),  *   handlers = {  *     "storage" = "Drupal\node\NodeStorage",  *     "storage_schema" = "Drupal\node\NodeStorageSchema",  *     "view_builder" = "Drupal\node\NodeViewBuilder",  *     "access" = "Drupal\node\NodeAccessControlHandler",  *     "views_data" = "Drupal\node\NodeViewsData",  *     "form" = {  *       "default" = "Drupal\node\NodeForm",  *       "delete" = "Drupal\node\Form\NodeDeleteForm",  *       "edit" = "Drupal\node\NodeForm"  *     },  *     "route_provider" = {  *       "html" = "Drupal\node\Entity\NodeRouteProvider",  *     },  *     "list_builder" = "Drupal\node\NodeListBuilder",  *     "translation" = "Drupal\node\NodeTranslationHandler"  *   },  *   base_table = "node",  *   data_table = "node_field_data",  *   revision_table = "node_revision",  *   revision_data_table = "node_field_revision",  *   translatable = TRUE,  *   list_cache_contexts = { "user.node_grants:view" },  *   entity_keys = {  *     "id" = "nid",  *     "revision" = "vid",  *     "bundle" = "type",  *     "label" = "title",  *     "langcode" = "langcode",  *     "uuid" = "uuid",  *     "status" = "status",  *     "uid" = "uid",  *   },  *   bundle_entity_type = "node_type",  *   field_ui_base_route = "entity.node_type.edit_form",  *   common_reference_target = TRUE,  *   permission_granularity = "bundle",  *   links = {  *     "canonical" = "/node/{node}",  *     "delete-form" = "/node/{node}/delete",  *     "edit-form" = "/node/{node}/edit",  *     "version-history" = "/node/{node}/revisions",  *     "revision" = "/node/{node}/revisions/{node_revision}/view",  *   }  * )  */ class Article extends Node { }  // Results my Article sub type. $node = \Drupal::entityManager()-&gt;getStorage('node_article')-&gt;load(123);   This works fine (as much as I can see); however, it smells. It adds a new entity type, which is not true, and might cause other troubles in the future.  How do I define a subclass for an entity bundle so that loading the entity would return an object of that class? Proving that the given set has at most $2^{n-1}$ elements Did Spike get his reflection back with his soul? How to make a press proof with crop marks and color bars? A standard proof for press needs crop marks and color bars as below    With the package crop, the crop marks can be easily added.  But how about the color bar ?  Is there a way or a package to make it ?  An example is   \documentclass[b5paper,10pt]{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[cross,a4,center,info,axes]{crop}  \title{Test} \author{User} \begin{document} \maketitle \section{Fox} The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog. \end{document} I do not understand how dummy variables work in math.   Suppose we have:  $$I_1 = \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-x^2} dx$$  How is this equivalent to:  $$I_2 = \int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-y^2} dy$$  How does this dummy variable system work?   Since $y$ is the dependent variable for $I_1$ How can $y$ itself be and independent variable for $I_2$  ??  Thanks! Symmetric Inequality in $\mathbb{R}$ Find All Solutions to System of Congruence $$ \begin{cases} x\equiv 2 \pmod{3}\\ x\equiv 1 \pmod{4}\\ x\equiv 3 \pmod{5} \end{cases} $$  $ n_1=3\\ n_2=4\\ n_3=5\\ N=n_1 * n_2 * n_3 =60\\ m_1 = 60/3 = 20\\ m_2 = 60/4 = 15\\ m_3 = 60/5 = 12\\ gcd(20,3)=1=-20*1+3*7\\ gcd(15,4)=1=-15*1+4*4\\ gcd(12,5)=1=12*3-5*7\\ x=-20*2-15*1+12*3\equiv -19 \equiv 41 \pmod{60}\\ $  The above is what I've tried so far. Can someone tell me where I'm going wrong? It's my first time doing this and looking at the explanation and examples for the Chinese Remainder Theorem makes my head want to explode. Failed to fetch jessie backports repository I'm using a docker image as a base for my own development that adds the jessie backports repository in its Dockerfile and uses that to install a dependency. This image uses the following command to add the repository:  echo "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main" &gt;&gt; /etc/apt/sources.list   The problem is that fetching packages from the backports repository now  fails with the following error (this used to work previously):  W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie-backports/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404  Not Found  W: Failed to fetch http://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/jessie-updates/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found   I looked on that server, and those paths are indeed not present there.  I tried to figure out on the Debian backports site whether this particular repository should still be available, and I didn't find any indication that this was deprecated or something like that.  Is this a temporary issue with the repository, or is the jessie-backports repository not available anymore? And if this is not a temporary issue, what options do I have to use this or an equivalent repository without upgrading to the newer Debian stable version? Seeking copy of 19th century South African birth certificate? I'm trying to find the birth certificate of my wife's great grandmother who was probably born in Durban, South Africa in 1884. I'm currently unable to find any online resources for this.  If such a thing does not exist online, is there any other method of retrieving a copy or at least just the details? Must $k$-subalgebra of $k[x]$ be finitely generated? Transpose of inverse vs inverse of transpose Java GUI repaint() problem? I have a JFrame. This JFrame contains a JButton. I click the JButton and 10 JTextFields are created.  the problem: I cannot see them until "I force a repaint()" by resizing the window. Only then do I see the JTextFields created.  CODE:  JPanel points = new JPanel();  //Creating the JTextFields: for (int i=0; i&lt;10; i++) {     JTextField textField = new JTextField();     points.add(textField); }  repaint(); this.repaint(); super.repaint(); points.repaint();     THANK YOU - after the for loop, I just called points.validate() and it worked...