I am experiencing a rather weird issue. I am using some citations in a document and surprisingly some items are not parsed. My code is  \RequirePackage{filecontents} \begin{filecontents*}{cite.bib}  @article{Chiari,     author    = "M. Chiari, L. Giuntini, P.A. Mando, N. Taccetii",     title     = "Proton elastic scattering cross-section on boron from 0.5 to 3.3 MeV",     journal   = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms",     volume    = "184",     number    = "3",     pages     = "309-318",     year      = "2001",     month     = "November", hyphenation={english}  }  @article{Mayer, title = "The $^{11}B\left(p,\alpha_0\right)^8Be$ nuclear reaction and $^{11}B(p,p)^{11}B$ backscattering cross sections for analytical purposes ", journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms ", volume = "143", number = "3", pages = "244 - 252", year = "1998", note = "", issn = "0168-583X", doi = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00383-8", url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168583X98003838", author = "M. Mayer and A. Annen and W. Jacob and S. Grigull", hyphenation={english} }  @article{Rihet, title = "States in $^{12}C$ from resonant proton scattering ", journal = "Journal de physique ", volume = "38", number = "1", pages = "17 - 19", year = "1977", % note = "", issn = "0168-583X", doi = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphys:0197700380101700", url = "http://jphys.journaldephysique.org/articles/jphys/abs/1977/01/jphys_1977__38_1_17_0/jphys_1977__38_1_17_0.html", author = "Y. Rihet, A. Genoux-Lubain, H. Beaumevieille, R. Seltz, C. Gerardin,  D. Magnac-Valette ", hyphenation={english}  }  \end{filecontents*}  \documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{book} \usepackage[english,greek]{babel} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{kerkis} \usepackage[bibencoding=auto,backend=biber,babel=other]{biblatex} \addbibresource{cite.bib} \renewbibmacro{in:}{} \newcommand{\eng}[1]{\latintext#1\greektext} \newcommand{\gre}[1]{\greektext#1\latintext}  \begin{document}  το ενεργειακό και γωνιακό εύρος(\cite[\eng{Chiari}]{Chiari}) καλύπτουν για την γωνία των $120^\circ$ τις ενέργειες $2250,2800\;keV$ για το $^{11}Β$ (\cite[\eng{Mashkarov}]{Mashkarov}, \cite[\eng{Dejneko}]{Dejneko}) και όλο το ενεργειακό εύρος  για το $^{10}Β$ (\cite[\eng{Overley}]{Overley}). στην ενέργεια των $3300keV$(\cite[\eng{Rihet}]{Rihet}). Τέλος, λόγ $2250\;keV$(\cite[\eng{Mayer}]{Mayer}). Η επιλογή των εν λ \cite[\eng{Mayer}]{Mayer} και \cite[\eng{Chiari}]{Chiari}, οι οποίες είναι πειραματικές, η απόδειξη της μη έντονης  γωνιακής εξάρτησης φαίνεται από τα δεδομένα του \cite[\eng{Chiari}]{Chiari}. \printbibliography \end{document}   and my output is    My compilation process is   pdflatex -shell-escape file.tex biber file pdflatex -shell-escape file.tex   Any idea on why is this happening and how can it be fixed?
I'm using Jabref to manage my Bibliography.  Sometimes, I put directly:     First Author et al.   when adding the article author's name in Jabref.  When compiling my .tex file, LaTeX doesn't recognize the et. al as more names. It takes it as a name/surname.  This is an example of a Bibliography entry in Jabref.  @ARTICLE{Wolf2003,     author = {Wolf, K.et al.},     title = {Compensation mechanism in tumor cell migration: mesenchymal–amoeboid     transition after blocking of pericellular proteolysis},     journal = {J. Cell Biol.},     year = {2003},     volume = {160},     pages = {267–277},    }   This is a .texMWE with the bib entry mentioned:  \documentclass[11pt]{book}   \usepackage{cite}   \bibliographystyle{unsrt} \begin{document}   Here is the bib entry mentioned\cite{Wolf2003}    \bibliography{bibfile}  \end{document}   Here's the output:   How can I solve this problem?
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Classifying whether a collection of objects is a set I'm wondering whether or not there is a definite criterion for determining whether a collection of objects is a set. In the literature, I've recently encountered some obscure examples (in Riemann Surface Theory, to be precise) of naturally-arising collections of objects which are not sets.   Here is some pseudo-rigor to make the question more precise:   Let $S$ be a collection of objects. Is there some property $P$ so that $S$ is a set iff $S$ has property $P$? How to make a blank page in Google Chrome at start-up? Does Google Chrome has anything similar to about:blank page in IE and Firefox? I did not find any suitable page mentioning this? PS: I tried about:blank but it looked like Chrome is trying to load something before showing blank page... Why should I put a ~ before \ref or \cite? My question is in the title of this post, but extends to other referencing commands like \eqref, \citep, \citet (and the like) as well. Normality of dependent variable = normality of residuals? This issue seems to rear its ugly head all the time, and I'm trying to decapitate it for my own understanding of statistics (and sanity!).   The assumptions of general linear models (t-test, ANOVA, regression etc.) include the "assumption of normality", but I have found this is rarely described clearly.   I often come across statistics textbooks / manuals / etc. simply stating that the "assumption of normality" applies to each group (i.e., categorical X variables), and we should we examining departures from normality for each group.   Questions:     does the assumption refer to the values of Y or the residuals of Y?  for a particular group, is it possible to have a strongly non-normal distribution of Y values (e.g., skewed) BUT an approximately (or at least more normal) distribution of residuals of Y?   Other sources describe that the assumption pertains to the residuals of the model (in cases where there are groups, e.g. t-tests / ANOVA), and we should be examining departures of normality of these residuals (i.e., only one Q-Q plot/test to run).  does normality of residuals for the model imply normality of residuals for the groups? In other words, should we just examine the model residuals (contrary to instructions in many texts)?  To put this in a context, consider this hypothetical example:   I want to compare tree height (Y) between two populations (X).   In one population the distribution of Y is strongly right-skewed (i.e., most trees short, very few tall), while the other is virtually normal  Height is higher overall in the normally distributed population (suggesting there may be a 'real' difference). Transformation of the data does not substantially improve the distribution of the first    population.  Firstly, is it valid to compare the groups given the radically different height distributions? How do I approach the "assumption of normality" here? Recall height in one population is not normally distributed. Do I examine residuals for both populations separately OR residuals for the model (t-test)?     Please refer to questions by number in replies, experience has shown me people get lost or sidetracked easily (especially me!). Keep in mind I am not a statistician; though I have a reasonably conceptual (i.e., not technical!) understanding of statistics.  P.S., I have searched the archives and read the following threads which have not cemented my understanding: What iron-clad reason did Dumbledore have for believing Snape was on his side What iron-clad reason did Dumbledore have for believing Snape was on his side? Maybe he was a good actor and a double agent. Was it just that he loved (or pretended to) Lily or he used legilimency? How can I reset all the bind keys in my Bash? I bound some keys by mistake, and they don't work any more, such as HOME, END, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT.  Is there a way to reset all the bound keys to their original state? I understand the purpose of up/downvoting answers -- some answers are better than others, some answers may be wrong, .etc.  With regard to questions, though, there are other mechanisms to deal with "bad" questions:  comments, close, flag.  A poorly written question should be improved.  A bad question should be closed/deleted.  Often, though I see poorly written questions downvoted. I'm not sure what this accomplishes.  I get loss of rep for offensive or spam questions, but for an off-topic question?  or one that is just poorly written?   Why?  It seems to me that rep ought to be based more on answers on a site of this type.   Fundamentally, it seems that rep ought to be based on what you add to the site, not what you ask of it.  A particularly good question does add to the site, but a poor question doesn't really detract from it in the same way that a bad (wrong) answer does. Sure, go ahead and give people more rep for asking a particularly good question, but why punish people for asking bad questions when there are other ways of handling that.  Why not handle questions more like comments and allow upvotes, but not downvotes?  It seems to me that many, if not most, of the downvoted questions are first timers.  It's more likely that your first introduction to the site will be in asking a question, rather than answering. There is a significant risk to alienating new users when their questions are downvoted -- there's a visceral response to seeing that negative number next to your question.  Why not let the close/flag system weed out questions that don't belong and the comment system work to improve poorly worded questions. Can I mount the root (system) filesystem as writable in Big Sur? What is the difference between a "proof by contradiction" and "proving the contrapositive"? Intuitive, it feels like doing the exact same thing. And when I compare an exercise, one person proves by contradiction, and the other proves the contrapositive, the proofs look almost exactly the same.  For example, say I want to prove: $P \implies Q$ When I want to prove by contradiction, I would say assume this is not true. Assume $Q$ is not true, and $P$ is true. Blabla, but this implies $P$ is not true, which is a contradiction.  When I want to prove the contrapositive, I say. Assume $Q$ is not true. Blabla, this implies $P$ is not true.  The only difference in the proof is that I assume $P$ is true in the beginning, when I want to prove by contradiction. But this feels almost redundant, as in the end I always get that this is not true. The only other way that I could get a contradiction is by proving that $Q$ is true. But this would be the exact same things as a direct proof.   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Maximum size is 5,000 characters  My formula is   (ED__c+Service_Tax__c+Total_Site_Work_Price1__c+Total_Selling_Price_Based_on1__c )*WCTper__c   In this formula ED__c, Total_Site_Work_Price1__c, Total_Selling_Price_Based_on1__c are also Formula fields. And these formulas are also contain fomrula fields.  How can i calculate the formula..? How to understand the memory usage and load average in linux server I am using a linux server which has 128GB of memory and 24 cores. I use top to see how much it is used. Its output is pasted at the end of the post. Here are two questions:  (1) I see that each of the running processes occupies a very small percentage of memory (%MEM no more than 0.2%, and most just 0.0%), but how the total memory is almost used as in the fourth line of output ("Mem:  130766620k total, 130161072k used,   605548k free,   919300k buffers")? The sum of used percentage of memory over all processes seems unlikely to achieve almost 100%, doesn't it?  (2) how to understand the load average on the first line ("load average: 14.04, 14.02, 14.00")?   Thanks and regards!  Edit:  Thanks!  I also really like to hear some rough numbers based on used percentage of memory to determine if a server is heavily loaded, since I once became the one who cramed the server without understanding the current load.  Is swap regarded as almost the same as memory? For example, when memory and swap are almost of same size, if the memory is almost running out but the swap is still largely free, may I just view it as if the used percentage of memory + swap is still not high and run other new processes?  How would you consider together CPU or memory (or memory + swap) usage? Do you become worried if either of them reaches too high or both?  Output of top：  $ top    top - 12:45:33 up 19 days, 23:11, 18 users,  load average: 14.04, 14.02, 14.00 Tasks: 484 total,  12 running, 472 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie Cpu(s): 36.7%us, 19.7%sy,  0.0%ni, 43.6%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st Mem:  130766620k total, 130161072k used,   605548k free,   919300k buffers Swap: 63111312k total,   500556k used, 62610756k free, 124437752k cached    PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND  6529 sanchez   18  -2 1075m 219m  13m S  100  0.2  13760:23 MATLAB 13210 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1216 R  100  0.0   3:56.75 absurdity 13888 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1204 R  100  0.0   2:04.89 absurdity 14542 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1196 R  100  0.0   1:08.34 absurdity 14544 timothy   18  -2  2888 2076  400 R  100  0.0   1:06.14 gatherData  6183 sanchez   18  -2 1133m 195m  13m S  100  0.2  13676:04 MATLAB  6795 sanchez   18  -2 1079m 210m  13m S  100  0.2  13734:26 MATLAB 10178 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1204 R  100  0.0  11:33.93 absurdity  12438 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1216 R  100  0.0   5:38.17 absurdity 13661 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1216 R  100  0.0   2:44.13 absurdity 14098 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1204 R  100  0.0   1:58.31 absurdity 14335 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1196 R  100  0.0   1:08.93 absurdity 14765 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1196 R   99  0.0   0:32.57 absurdity 13445 timothy   18  -2 48336  37m 1216 R   99  0.0   3:01.37 absurdity 28990 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    2  0.0  65:50.21 pdflush 12141 tim       18  -2 19380 1660 1024 R    1  0.0   0:04.04 top  1240 root      15  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0  16:07.11 kjournald  9019 root      20   0  296m 4460 2616 S    0  0.0  82:19.51 kdm_greet     1 root      20   0  4028  728  592 S    0  0.0   0:03.11 init     2 root      15  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd     3 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:01.01 migration/0     4 root      15  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:08.13 ksoftirqd/0     5 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/0     6 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0  17:27.31 migration/1     7 root      15  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:01.21 ksoftirqd/1     8 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/1     9 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0  10:02.56 migration/2    10 root      15  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.34 ksoftirqd/2    11 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog/2    12 root      RT  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   4:29.53 migration/3    13 root      15  -5     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.34 ksoftirqd/3