Dell Inspiron 1545 laptop with Ubuntu 18.04 boots to 'BusyBox v1.27.2 (Ubuntu 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.2) built-in shell (ash)' My laptop was closed in sleep mode, and the screen was blank (dark) when I opened it this morning. I rebooted it, and I get the POST, then the 'Ubuntu' boot-up window, then about a minute later the screen goes to a terminal mode and the following is what the screen displays:   'BusyBox v1.27.2 (Ubuntu 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.2) built-in shell (ash)' /nl (initramfs)  and a blinking cursor. Have done reboots and restarts from a total halt, and no change. What can/should I do at this point? What should I download if anything? Need to get it to where, at a minimum, I can extract the data. Thank in advance for any help.
Boot drops to a (initramfs) prompts/busybox I am running an HP pavilion dv6000 dual boot win7 and Ubuntu 12.04. (well, up until today).  After a reboot, the boot process drops to the BusyBox shell and I end up at the prompt:  BusyBox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.  (initramfs)   I've been researching others who have had this same problem, but haven't been able to find any of those solutions to work for me.  I tried the method described , and after the final command   mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /root -o force   it does nothing and gives me another (initramfs) prompt.  I can boot to a live CD (USB) and get to a terminal, but it doesn't seem to do much good, as I can see the /dev/sda1 in the ls command, but it doesn't recognize it when I try to cd to it.  One more question: using the command fdisk -l how can I tell which mount point (sda1/sda2) is my windows partition and which one is Ubuntu?
I think it would be super if, in my LaTeX editor, I could click on the name of package...  \usepackage{blob}   ... and the corresponding style file, blob.sty, would be opened.  Do any LaTeX editors have this feature? I mainly use Aquamacs/AucTeX myself, but am interested in other editors too. I reckon it would be mildly challenging to implement, because blob.sty might be    in the current working directory,  in the system texmf directory, or  in the user's texmf directory. My phone was just stolen an hour or so ago. Are there any options for tracking? I just graduated, and I'm starting a new job soon. My employer has pretty good policy for matching 401(k) contributions, so I want to invest as much as possible, especially during this first year.  My question is: should I invest in a traditional 401(k), a Roth 401(k), or some combination of the two? On the one hand, tax rates may be much higher when I retire, and I might be in a higher tax bracket, so a Roth 401(k) would be good. On the other hand, I might be in a lower tax bracket when I retire, so a traditional 401(k) might be better. It's hard to know where I will stand in 30 years.  Is this the same trade-off as with a traditional / Roth IRA, or is there any other tax difference I should know about? Question Tag problem! Question:     A man like you should not do this, _______?   Which question tag should I use in the blank space?   should he? should you?   Which would be grammatically correct? I think 1 is true. Are there any open source alternative to Landscape? Is the Hogwarts Express in the magical or non-magical realm? This question is related to  and explores an apparent inconsistency, given only the Harry Potter movies as source material.  The Hogwarts Express line seems to have an inconsistent existence between magical (invisible to ordinary humans aka muggles) and non-magical (muggle) realms; platform 9-3/4 is clearly hidden from muggles, but in Chamber of Secrets, when Harry and Ron take the car (in the muggle world) to catch up to the train, they make no explicit crossing into a magical realm, suggesting that the train is traveling the muggle world despite its departure from a magical platform.  In which realm (magical or muggle) does the Hogwarts Express exist? How is this apparent inconsistency resolved? Why do bridge non-Captain officers commonly go on away missions? Ever since the days of Kirk, Spock, and McCoy, bridge officers in Starfleet have always had a prominent role in away team missions.  However, it would seem more logical to me that such hazardous (and, generally, specialized) duties should fall to lower-ranking and/or more dedicated teams.  Of course, it wouldn't have made for great TV if every away team was comprised of a bunch of red-shirts.  And it would definitely increase the show's budget to have an extra group of main characters whose sole purpose was to handle the away missions.  Still, I'm curious to know if there's ever been a real in-universe explanation for this practice?  I know it's been brought up a few times, in a few series/movies, that the Captain should not be taking part in hazardous away team missions.  But nothing is ever said (that I'm aware of) of the rest of the still valuable bridge crew or other senior officers. How to move Ubuntu to an SSD My current situation is:   One hard disk Dual boot Ubuntu 11.04 and Windows 7. Partitions:  100MB Windows System thingy 144GB Main Windows 160GB Ubuntu 4GB Swap 12GB System Restore stuff    Now I want to install an 80GB SSD and move Ubuntu to it. AFAIK I need to:   Shrink the 160GB Ubuntu partition to 80GB Copy it over to the SSD Change fstab to mount the SSD as /   How do I do the second? And what do I need to do about Grub? What makes a photo a good photo? I don't know if this is a stupid question, this just came across my mind.  Imagine a photo of a dog yawning.  Someone could say that is a very good photo as it is taken just at the right moment, from a perfect angle (eg. level with the dog) and it has a shallow depth of field focusing on its face.  Someone else might dislike it because unfortunately the dog is ugly.  So from that example I could say people look at the following elements when judging a photo (but I could be wrong):   The timing (if it's taken at the right moment) The angle it's taken from (composition?) DOF (composition?) The subject (eg. whether the dog is pretty)   I am interested to know what experts think the elements you look at when judging whether a photo is a good photo.  Thanks in advance for your comments. I woke up this morning to find that I suffered a massive drop in reputation points across the network because lots of users had been removed.  What happened to those users? Was there a database cleanup? I am trying to prove the matrix norm equivalence for norms 1, 2, $\infty$ and Frobenius.  I have managed to solve find the constants for $||.||_{1}$ and  $||.||_{2}$ but I cannot see how to continue if I want to prove the following:  $||A||_{\infty} \leq \sqrt{n}||A||_{2}$   and the ones for Frobenius:  $||A||_{F} \leq \sqrt{n}||A||_{1}$  $||A||_{F} \leq \sqrt{n} ||A||_{2}$  Any help is appreciated. Thank you for your time I have a MySQL table with utf8 general ci collation. In the table, I can see two entries:  abad abád  I am using a query that looks like this:  SELECT *  FROM `words` WHERE `word` = 'abád'   The query result gives both words:  abad abád  Is there a way to indicate that I only want MySQL to find the accented word? I want the query to only return    abád    I have also tried this query:  SELECT *  FROM `words` WHERE BINARY `word` = 'abád'   It gives me no results. Thank you for the help. USB stick mysteriously become write protected So, somehow over the weekend, my 1GB USB flash drive has managed to become write-protected.  There is no switch on the stick, so I'm concluding that something has corrupted at some point.  Obviously I can't format it or remove.  The output from dmesg | tail is:  Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 328168 lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1 sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Data Protect [current] Info fld=0x0 sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Write protected sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Write(10): 2a 00 00 05 08 00 00 00 01 00 Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 328200 lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1   I think the second and final lines are a giveaway to corruption, but I don't know how to interpret this output.  Could someone help to see if this output gives any indication?  I usually eject the drive before removing it, but I may have been lax once or twice.  The data isn't critical, it's just bugging me.  Any suggestions on how to fix it (if the drive even can be) would be greatly appreciated. i was stopped by my sister from upgrading Ubuntu, for the reason she explained was that i would have to reinstall all the softwares that I've installed in last 6 months. but i think if that's the case, the upgrade itself includes all softwares that i have installed. so please tell me what's the truth?     please note that i just can't afford mentally to reinstall all apps due to slow INTERNET speed.because it may take 3 to 4 days of constant downloading.   if you are an Indian living in an suburban city,you can understand my situation.   i think the question itself explains everything.still I'll explain everything in detail.i want to upgrade my current Ubuntu 12.10 OS to 13.10(now please don't ask what is 13.10). this option is available from "about this computer" and many other places.the upgrade is of about 700mb to 800 MB.    BTW, i don't know why i think it's a rule here to put some question on questions asked here,however detailed or/and simple it may be.at least that's what i feel after looking at many questions. Can I install Android on my non-Android device? This is an exercise from textbook Analysis I by Amann/Escher.  Let $G$ be a group and $X$ a nonempty set. Then $G$ acts (from the left) on $X$ if there is a function $$G \times X \rightarrow X, \quad(g, x) \mapsto g \cdot x$$ such that: GA1: $e \cdot x=x$ for all $x \in X$. GA2: $g \cdot(h \cdot x)=(g h) \cdot x$ for all $g, h \in G$ and $x \in X$. Let $\mathrm{S}_{m}$ be the set of all permutations of $\{1,2,\cdots,m\}$. Then $(\mathrm{S}_{m},\circ)$ is a group where $\circ$ is function composition operation. Show that $$\mathrm{S}_{m} \times \mathbb{N}^{m} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}^{m}, \quad(\sigma, \alpha) \mapsto \sigma \cdot \alpha := \left(\alpha_{\sigma(1)}, \ldots, \alpha_{\sigma(m)}\right)$$ defines an action of $\mathrm{S}_{m}$ on $\mathbb{N}^{m}$.  I am stuck at proving the GA2, i.e. $\pi \cdot (\sigma \cdot \alpha) = (\pi \circ \sigma) \cdot \alpha$.  My attempt: Clearly, $\operatorname{id}$ is the identity element of $\mathrm{S}_{m}$ and $\sigma \cdot \alpha = \alpha \circ \sigma$. Because $\operatorname{id} \cdot \alpha = \left(\alpha_{\operatorname{id}(1)}, \ldots, \alpha_{\operatorname{id}(m)}\right) = \left(\alpha_1,\cdots,\alpha_m\right) = \alpha$, GA1 follows. For $\pi,\sigma \in \mathrm{S}_{m}$ and $\alpha \in \mathbb{N}^{m}$, we have $$\pi \cdot (\sigma \cdot \alpha) = (\alpha \circ \sigma) \circ \pi = \alpha \circ (\sigma \circ \pi) = (\sigma \circ \pi) \cdot \alpha$$  It is clear that $\sigma \circ \pi = \pi \circ \sigma$ if and only if $(\mathrm{S}_{m},\circ)$ is Abelian, which is not true in general. Please help me figure out where I am wrong! Plotting data seems "noisy" Firefox suspicious subprocess (turned out to be legitimate FF behavior) I've discovered this yesterday, as it was generating system load on otherwise idle Ubuntu 14.04 Desktop machine.  Today, I've confirmed such behavior also on another Ubuntu instance (17.10 in Virtualbox VM)  The sub-process in command line looks like below ( I've put this as picture below intentionally to prevent askubuntu.com from changing/escaping the content )   For me it looks like exploit/malware. Or at least there is something to hide.  this happens even for url Getting inverse of a transposition key While studying the problem of determining the orbit of a binary star system, my astronomy notes say: "the projection of an ellipse onto a plane is still an ellipse (except the special case in which it's a segment)". How could I prove this?  EDIT: As suggested i'm adding what I know about ellipses. I know the basics of ellipses in the plane, the equation of an ellipse in a plane in cartesia coordinates, the equation of an ellipse in polar coordinates, the fact that ellipses can be obtained by the intersection of planes with a cone. In my geometry course we defined ellipses as the the points of the plane such that the ratio between the distance from a point and a line is constant and less than 1. I also know that the sum of the distances of the points of the ellipse from the foci is constant.