I am trying to convert an .osm file to a .shp file.  I am using OGR2OGR. There is an  which explains how this can be done. Here is an example command:  ogr2ogr.exe --config OSM_USE_CUSTOM_INDEXING NO -skipfailures -f "ESRI Shapefile" output.shp input.osm   And it works perfectly. As a result of upper command, in the "output.shp" folder I get four separate .shp files: lines.shp, multilinestrings.shp, multipolygons.shp, points.shp  However what I would like to get is a single .shp file. So basically to convert an .osm file to a single .shp file.  Is it possible to do that directly through some change of the upper command?  If not then I tried to merge all these four .shp file into a single .shp file (merged.shp). I found an example topic . So I used the following 4 commands:  ogr2ogr.exe -f "ESRI Shapefile" merged.shp lines.shp ogr2ogr.exe -skipfailures -f "ESRI Shapefile" -update -append merged.shp multilinestrings.shp ogr2ogr.exe -skipfailures -f "ESRI Shapefile" -update -append merged.shp multipolygons.shp ogr2ogr.exe -skipfailures -f "ESRI Shapefile" -update -append merged.shp points.shp   And the merged.shp file is created, but an error is raised at the upper last (fourth) command:  Attempt to write non-linestring (POINT) geometry to ARC type shapefile.   I tried to google but I couldn't solve this error.  Can somebody please help me?
I want to merge two shape files in which one is of point geometry type and other is polygon type in order to get a single layer containing both points and polygon in a single map.
What noun or adjective would one give to a person that is intolerant of stupidity? A person that becomes annoyed, angry, or of very short temper when conversing or interacting with people of a lower intelligence?  For example:       The man is very xyzxyz; his son can't do multiplication very well.     or     She is a(n) xyzxyz. She gets very frustrated when people forget things.   I'm looking almost for a scientific/medical/psychological term. One that would fall into the same kind of group as words like haemophiliac, masochist, nihilist, etc. Captured variable in a loop in C# I am using find -type f command to recursively find all files from a certain starting directory. However, I would like to have some directories prevented from entering and extracting names of files inside. So basically I am looking for something like:  find . -type f ! -name "avoid_this_directory_please"   Is there a functioning alternative to this? What is the difference between logistic regression and Fractional response regression? As far as I know, the difference between logistic model and fractional response model (frm) is that the dependent variable (Y) in which frm is [0,1], but logistic is {0, 1}. Further, frm uses the quasi-likelihood estimator to determine its parameters. Normally, we can use glm to obtain the logistic models by glm(y ~ x1+x2, data = dat, family = binomial(logit)). For frm, we change family = binomial(logit) to family = quasibinomial(logit). I noticed we can also use family = binomial(logit) to obtain frm's parameter since it gives the same estimated values. See the following example library(foreign) mydata &lt;- read.dta(&quot;k401.dta&quot;)   glm.bin &lt;- glm(prate ~ mrate + age + sole + totemp,                 data = mydata, family = binomial('logit')) summary(glm.bin)  return,  Call: glm(formula = prate ~ mrate + age + sole + totemp,      family = binomial(&quot;logit&quot;),      data = mydata)  Deviance Residuals:      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max   -3.1214  -0.1979   0.2059   0.4486   0.9146    Coefficients:               Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(&gt;|z|)     (Intercept)  1.074e+00  8.869e-02  12.110  &lt; 2e-16 *** mrate        5.734e-01  9.011e-02   6.364 1.97e-10 *** age          3.089e-02  5.832e-03   5.297 1.17e-07 *** sole         3.636e-01  9.491e-02   3.831 0.000128 *** totemp      -5.780e-06  2.207e-06  -2.619 0.008814 **  --- Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1  (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)      Null deviance: 1166.6  on 4733  degrees of freedom Residual deviance: 1023.7  on 4729  degrees of freedom AIC: 1997.6  Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 6  And for family = quasibinomial('logit'), glm.quasi &lt;- glm(prate ~ mrate + age + sole + totemp,   data = mydata ,family = quasibinomial('logit')) summary(glm.quasi)  return,  Call: glm(formula = prate ~ mrate + age + sole + totemp,      family = quasibinomial(&quot;logit&quot;),      data = mydata)  Deviance Residuals:      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max   -3.1214  -0.1979   0.2059   0.4486   0.9146    Coefficients:               Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(&gt;|t|)     (Intercept)  1.074e+00  4.788e-02  22.435  &lt; 2e-16 *** mrate        5.734e-01  4.864e-02  11.789  &lt; 2e-16 *** age          3.089e-02  3.148e-03   9.814  &lt; 2e-16 *** sole         3.636e-01  5.123e-02   7.097 1.46e-12 *** totemp      -5.780e-06  1.191e-06  -4.852 1.26e-06 *** --- Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1  (Dispersion parameter for quasibinomial family taken to be 0.2913876)      Null deviance: 1166.6  on 4733  degrees of freedom Residual deviance: 1023.7  on 4729  degrees of freedom AIC: NA  Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 6  The estimated Beta from both `family` are the same, but the difference is the SE values.  However, to obtain the correct SE, we have to use `library(sandwich)` as in this [post][1].  Now, my questions:  1. What is the difference between these two codes? 2. Is frm about to obtain robust SE?  If my understanding is not correct, please give some suggestions.      [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37584715/fractional-response-regression-in-r Referencing the reference? What do you call a person who keeps reminding others of one’s favors for them? When you fight with a person who then keeps telling you I did that I did this for you and so on. I want to tell them that it's inappropriate to remind others of the favors you did for them, especially if I appreciate those favors and try my best to return them. mean value theorem question I was trying to solve the following:  Given: $0 &lt; a &lt; b$ and $n&gt;1$, prove: $$na^{n-1}(b-a) &lt; b^n-a^n &lt; nb^{n-1}(b-a)$$  I managed to get this far using the mean value theorem: $$a^n(b-a)&lt;b^n -a^n&lt;b^n (b-a)$$ Any idea how to continue? After doing a "sudo su -" on an Ubuntu 12.04 notebook I did a "crontab -e", added this:   * * * * * env DISPLAY=:0.0 /usr/bin/gnome-calculator   and waited for minutes. Nothing Happened. I don't have any external monitors and if I run this command "env DISPLAY=:0.0 /usr/bin/gnome-calculator" in the terminal, it just works. But not from cron. Why?   The syslog only contains this:   May 24 14:37:01 localhost cron[1227]: (root) RELOAD (crontabs/root) May 24 14:37:01 localhost CRON[16432]: (root) CMD (env DISPLAY=:0.0 /usr/bin/gnome-calculator )   And I already tried an "xhost +localhost".   [root@NOTEBOOK /var/log] xhost access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect INET:localhost.localdomain SI:localuser:USERNAME [root@NOTEBOOK /var/log]    So the solution for another question like this on askubunut didn't worked. Applying options to already loaded package Is there a way to apply some options to a package which is loaded in the cls file I am using? For instance, suppose that the cls file loads graphicx, and I want to apply the option demo to it from my tex file. I am wondering if there is away (possibly a better way) to order by the order of the values in an IN() clause.  The problem is that I have 2 queries, one that gets all of the IDs and the second that retrieves all the information. The first creates the order of the IDs which I want the second to order by. The IDs are put in an IN() clause in the correct order.  So it'd be something like (extremely simplified):  SELECT id FROM table1 WHERE ... ORDER BY display_order, name  SELECT name, description, ... WHERE id IN ([id's from first])   The issue is that the second query does not return the results in the same order that the IDs are put into the IN() clause.  One solution I have found is to put all of the IDs into a temp table with an auto incrementing field which is then joined into the second query.  Is there a better option?  Note: As the first query is run "by the user" and the second is run in a background process, there is no way to combine the 2 into 1 query using sub queries.  I am using MySQL, but I'm thinking it might be useful to have it noted what options there are for other DBs as well. My machine has a SSD (fairly small) and a Hard disk (large). I want to have windows and a couple of programs on the SSD but I want to have the documents folders (such as my documents and my downloads) on the HD. I also want the default install directory pointing at the larger HD. Can anyone advise or point me to a relevent guide? Thanks. I am looking to replicate black &amp; white maps in QGis, using hatching patterns and greyscales to indicate different categories of a continuous variable (example below).  It is possible/straightforward to do so in QGis? At first sight I only see color gradients and symbol fills.   ). How to convert HTML to XHTML? I need to convert HTML documents into valid XML, preferably XHTML. What's the best way to do this? Does anybody know a toolkit/library/sample/...whatever that helps me to get that task done?  To be a bit more clear here, my application has to do the conversion automatically at runtime. I don't look for a tool that helps me to move some pages to XHTML manually. What is the difference between "INNER JOIN" and "OUTER JOIN"? How can I know which radio button is selected via jQuery? How can I completely remove a objects (e.g. particle system or groups used in particle systems) in blender using python?  The problem is this: I have a script, with which I create a scene (e.g. adding some normal objects and some group of objects with a particle system). For a research study I would like to repeat that that several times, without restarting blender. So I can create a scene, delete everything, e.g. with a script like this:  import bpy scn = bpy.context.scene for obj in scn.objects:     obj.select = True bpy.ops.object.delete()   If I rerun the script to recreate the scene with objects using particle system, the latter is not shown in the scene anymore (only the placeholders of the particle system). Now I'm not sure where exactly the problem lies, but I guess not everything is immediately deleted, running the script above. Only the startup of blender helps (but that's not what I want) or pushing the purge button. The purge button seems to start the command:  bpy.ops.outliner.orphans_purge()   But I can't get this piece of code to run in the console. It says that "the context is incorrect". Is there a way to purge the unused data by python script? Thanks a lot for any help. Adding new group layer with ArcPy? In D&amp;D 5e &quot;&quot; is a condition that can affect a creature during the first round of combat, only until the end of their turn:  [... T]he GM compares the Dexterity (Stealth) checks of anyone Hiding with the passive Wisdom (Perception) score of each creature on the opposing side. Any character or monster that doesn’t notice a threat is surprised at the start of the encounter. If you’re surprised, you can’t move or take an action on your first turn of the combat, and you can’t take a reaction until that turn ends. A member of a group can be surprised even if the other members aren’t. - PHB 189  Does the action that causes the surprise count as part of the round, though? Say Renee, a rogue, achieves a stealth check of 22, easily beating an orc sentry's passive perception. She sneaks directly behind him and stabs him in the back. Surely the orc isn't surprised at all until the dagger hits him (or if Renee misses, she fumbles around behind him or something). What I think it really boils down to in the end is: when is initiative rolled? If (in our example) initiative is rolled before Renee's attack hits (or misses) how can we justify the orc recovering from his surprise before the action that triggered said surprise even occurs, should he roll better than Renee on his initiative? I'd like to go with initiative is rolled immediately following whatever event began the encounter (which could be an attack, but is likely to often be something else wherever surprise isn't intended), but I can't find any documentation to support this stance.  Why Does Anyone Care? There are many reasons you might want someone to be surprised while you're attacking - in this example if Renee is over L3 (and took the Assassin archetype) she'll get 'Assassinate' if the orc is surprised, and 'Death Strike' if she's over L17. That's a lot of potential extra damage!  that if the orc is surprised, Renee will be able to retreat and hide, without having to take the disengage action as her bonus action to avoid an attack of opportunity. Of course, there's no way for her to know whether the orc is surprised or not at that stage, so trying this would be a bit of a gamble... How to search the internet for terms with special characters As I learnt from this , Google has no ability to search for special characters. Let's say I want to search for ss!. Are there any other search engines that can achieve this? Please do not propose any programming code search engines since this is a general search. Annoying Viber notification