What does ^ means in c++ object declaration? I have seen ^ this thing in C++ object declaration as    Bitmap^ image1;   but I cannot understand what it means, I tried to find it over google but cannot!
In C++/CLI, what does the hat character ^ do? I was reading Ivor Horton's Beginning Visual C++ 2008 and many of its CLR examples have this definition for main:  int main(array&lt;System::String ^&gt; ^args)   I went back, page by page, to the beginning of the book to find the first such instance with an explanation what it really means, but couldn't find one.  Obviously it means the same as the standard int main(int argc, char *argv[]), but I'd like to know when and why that ^ is really used, and why it even exists (does it do something that pointers * and references &amp; cannot represent)?
Application is "Ready to Sale" but not reflected on iTunes Store How can I recover a deleted file on Android? I just deleted a file on my Nexus S that I really need back. (It was actually part of an app using a sqlite database that did a drop table when upgrading to a new version.)  Presumably I need to root the phone first (which I hear is easy on Nexus phones) but am I in a catch-22 here? Namely, does rooting the phone mean wiping/overwriting the partition where the data lives?  If not, what do you recommend for data recovery tools? Presumably the file was just unlinked and not actively overwritten (per usual when "deleting" a file) so technically the data must be there... Clone a hard disk content to another hard disk I subjected my hard disk (C drive) to a disk scan and found that there was 12 KB of bad sectors. I now consider that disk to be unreliable, and am looking forward to transferring all my data to another file.  The problem is, I want to clone the complete drive (including the apps, OSes, files and everything, verbatim) to another drive. I know there would be some crazy software activation issues, like Windows Not Genuine problem and so on. But I wonder whether is there a tool powerful enough to do the cloning and at the same time maintain the  OS and apps? An inequality about Stirling numbers For all positive integers $n,r,k$ that $n=rk$, how to prove the inequality $$(r-1)!^k\le \frac{c(n,k)}{S(n,k)}\le (n-k)!$$ $c(n,k)$ is unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind and $S(n,k)$ is Stirling numbers of the second kind.  Any help would be appreciated! In other words, what is the Drupal 8 equivalent of ?  Drupal 8 still uses hook_menu(), but for what I can see, the information returned by the hook is different from what the hook returned in Drupal 7. For example, the definition given in user_menu() for user is the following.    $items['user'] = array(     'title' =&gt; 'User account',     'title callback' =&gt; 'user_menu_title',     'weight' =&gt; -10,     'route_name' =&gt; 'user_page',     'menu_name' =&gt; 'account',   );   The route_name property links to an entry in the  file.  user_page:   pattern: '/user'   defaults:     _content: '\Drupal\user\Controller\UserController::userPage'   requirements:     _access: 'TRUE'   This is different from what done with Symphony, and it confuses me about how a module can alter the route defined from another user.  The only function that is still invoking hook_menu_alter() is menu_router_build(), but that function still contains code that needs to be updated, since it is still using the now deprecated drupal_alter().    // Alter the menu as defined in modules, keys are like user/%user.   drupal_alter('menu', $callbacks);   foreach ($callbacks as $path =&gt; $router_item) {     // If the menu item is a default local task and incorrectly references a     // route, remove it.     // @todo This may be removed later depending on the outcome of     // http://drupal.org/node/1889790     if (isset($router_item['type']) &amp;&amp; $router_item['type'] == MENU_DEFAULT_LOCAL_TASK) {       unset($callbacks[$path]['route_name']);     }     // If the menu item references a route, normalize the route information     // into the old structure. Note that routes are keyed by name, not path,     // so the path of the route takes precedence.     if (isset($router_item['route_name'])) {       $router_item['page callback'] = 'USES_ROUTE';       $router_item['access callback'] = TRUE;       $new_path = _menu_router_translate_route($router_item['route_name']);        unset($callbacks[$path]);       $callbacks[$new_path] = $router_item;     }   } Why are Perl 5's function prototypes bad? How do I technobabble without sounding like technobabble? On occasion, I've had reason to describe obviously fictional technical processes in-character. I'd like to be able to describe on these occasions without sounding like I'm saying utter gibberish. But it's not straightforward to do, particularly if I have to make stuff up on the spot.   How do I do it? Integral $\int_{\frac{1}{2}}^1 \frac{\ln x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx$ How can I prevent false score reports to global highscore tables? Browser and mobile games commonly have global highscore tables. It's also common for those tables to contain scores of 2,147,483,647 &mdash; where people have figured out the webservice call that reports scores and used it to record a fictitious score.  For simple puzzle games, we can defend against this by including a record of every move the player made (and any random seeds used to generate the level) with the score-reporting call. The entire game can then be reproduced and verified on the server.  However, this quickly becomes infeasible for anything larger than Pac-man.  How else can cheating of this kind be prevented? $\sum_{1}^{n}\left ( a_{i}b_{i} \right )\geq \prod_{1}^{n}\left ( a_{i}^{b_{i}} \right )$ Let $a,b,c,x,y,z&gt;0$ and $x+ y+ z= 1$. Show that $$ax+ by+ cz\geq  a^{x}.b^{y}.c^{z}$$ I have found the generalization of this inequality: For 2 sets of numbers $\left \{ a_{i} \right \}, \left \{ b_{i} \right \}&gt; 0$ and $\sum_{1}^{n}b_{i}= 1$, we have: $$\sum_{1}^{n}\left ( a_{i}b_{i} \right )\geq  \prod_{1}^{n}\left ( a_{i}^{b_{i}} \right )$$ First solution Simply compare the logs: as the natural logarithm is a concave function, one has $$\ln\bigl(a^x b^y c^z)=x\ln a+y\ln b+z\ln c\le \ln(ax+by+cz)$$ for all non-negative $x,y,z$ such that $x+y+z=1$. How about another solution? I really hope to see that. Thanks! While the etiquette of dealing with duplicate answers , there hasn't been a great way to deal with these, "Uh, yeah, I said this, too" types of behavior than the almighty downvote.   It would be nice to have a "Duplicate Answer" option on the flag menu. Five flags auto-deletes the answer, as with any other flag. In order to prevent abuse, the flagged answer would have to have the last owner edit (including original post) be younger than the original answer's original posting by at least 2 minutes.  Also, this ability should be a 5,000+ rep privilege, since we currently have no fanfare of rep from 3,001 to 9,999, and a power like this has a bit more umph than closing a question.  Thoughts? SGS2 screen gets more and more dark blue, possibly after overheated charging What is the origin of "a cut above/below the rest"? Evaluate definite interval of normal distribution Why does my Nikon D3100 give the error "Lens not attached" with a Vivitar 200 telephoto lens? What is an quick way to create a new blank file in Lion? In Windows, one can create a new file using Right Click -> Add New -> Type of File. Is there an analogous action in Lion?  I just want to create a new blank file on my Desktop. How do we know that certain quantum effects are random? I have just dropped a half full latté on my company laptop and am not sure what to do.  Is there a way I can make sure that my laptop is usable again?  What steps must I go through to improve it's chances of survival? I have a sentence that contains a number of long dataset names. I would like to allow LaTeX to break these names at certain positions that I would like to specify somehow just like I can use \- to allow a word break with hyphenation. But: I would like LaTeX not to insert a dash (which could be mistaken as belonging to the dataset name). How can I do this?   (Something similar is realized in the url package so I guess I could just read that code :) I would not like to use the url package here to be able to make a syntactical (and typographic) difference between urls and datset names.) I need to use binary variables (values 0 &amp; 1) in k-means. But k-means only works with continuous variables. I know some people still use these binary variables in k-means ignoring the fact that k-means is only designed for continuous variables. This is unacceptable to me.  Questions:     So what is the statistically / mathematically correct way of using binary variables in k-means / hierarchical clustering? How to implement the solution in SAS / R?