I'm writing a scientific paper, I want to use i.e. or that is to clarify a term. Are they both correct or either?
Is there any (even the most subtle) difference between the meaning (or connotation) of that is and i.e.?  I used to be convinced that they were synonyms, until an editor of a scientific journal changed all occurrences of i.e. into that is.
Producing .bbl file with Lyx and JabRef How do I produce the .bbl file required for arXiv using JabRef for bibtex and Lyx? I'm trying to use scrlayer-scrpage with a twosided document using the scrartcl class but somehow can't manage to format the plain pagestyle in a way that is similar to the scrheadings style. I prepared the following MWE – thanks in advance!  \documentclass[12,a4paper,twoside]{scrartcl} \usepackage[automark,headsepline,footsepline,markcase=nouppercase]{scrlayer-scrpage} \renewcommand*{\sectionmarkformat}{} \renewcommand*{\subsectionmarkformat}{} \renewcommand*{\headfont}{\normalfont} \automark[subsection]{section} \chead{\leftmark} \cfoot{\pagemark} \ihead{} \ohead{} \ifoot{} \ofoot{}  \begin{document}  \pagestyle{scrheadings}  \section{Blah.}  Blah.  \newpage  \section{Blah.}  Blah.  \newpage  \pagestyle{plain.scrheadings}   \section{Blah.}  Blah.  \newpage  \section{Blah.}  Blah.  \end{document} How to code an automated bot that can browse and do operations on a webpage How do I switch between keyboard layouts? I want to switch between English and another language.  I have tried Lubuntu and it was easy, I figured it out from the friendly menus. But in Ubuntu everything is so cryptic. Bibliography with BibLaTeX: Do not abbreviate first given (first) name and abbreviate all further given names The first given name of an author or editor in my bibliography should be written out, but all further first names should be abbreviated (initials with a period -- and space if there are multiple first names/initials, see below). I am using style=authoryear with BibLaTeX (v. 2.7) and Biber (v. 1.7).  My bibliography looks like this:     Doe, John Arthur Kyle (2013). The secret life of John Doe.   It should look like this:     Doe, John A. K. (2013). The secret life of John Doe.   Minimal example:  example.tex  \documentclass{scrartcl}  \usepackage[ngerman]{babel} \usepackage[babel,german=quotes]{csquotes} \usepackage[backend=biber,style=authoryear]{biblatex} \bibliography{bibliography}  \begin{document}  \cite[123]{Doe} \printbibliography  \end{document}   bibliography.bib  @book{Doe,     title = {The secret life of John Doe},     author = {Doe, John Arthur Kyle},     year = {2013} }   (Worked with said versions of BibLaTeX and Biber, Texmaker (v. 4.0.3) and MiKTeX (v. 2.9.4813).)  I could not find a solution in biblatex.def and firstinits=true abbreviates all first names, including the first one. List of IP addresses/hostnames from local network in Python How can I get a list of the IP addresses or host names from a local network easily in Python?  It would be best if it was multi-platform, but it needs to work on Mac OS X first, then others follow.  Edit: By local I mean all active addresses within a local network, such as 192.168.xxx.xxx.  So, if the IP address of my computer (within the local network) is 192.168.1.1, and I have three other connected computers, I would want it to return the IP addresses 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4, and possibly their hostnames. I'm using Android 4.4.2 (on ). I've a Windows PC at home which has highspeed broadband internet connection. I don't have wireless router or access point. I just want to use PC's internet connection on my phone. I've tried multiple methods but none seems to work.  Method 1: Using native Android 4.4.2 option  In my phone when I connect my phone, in Settings &gt; Wireless &amp; networks &gt; USB Internet (sharing Windows PC internet via USB cable) checkbox, which I checked then it asked me to choose my Windows version (which is Windows 8.1 but since it didn't show that option) I chose Windows 8.  It gives me further instructions as showing in the following picture:    Here is the problem, there is no sharing tab (see the following screen shot)   Method 2: As described in   I learned on this site that it is called Reverse tethering. I read and followed the procedure mentioned in    I followed all the steps described in that answer, until executing the command.   Install USB drivers from Android SDK [DONE] Connect USB cable and activate USB Tethering (You should see on a new network interface.) [DONE] Bridge the 2 network interfaces [DONE] On your computer execute adb shell netcfg usb0 dhcp [PROBLEM]   When I execute adb shell netcfg usb0 dhcp it says: error: device not found. I tried the same thing with USB Debugging in Developer settings, ON &amp; OFF. The error remains the same.  Method 3: Rooting the device and using an app  I read here and there that there is another method, in which we can directly use an app but it requires rooting the device. My phone is a new phone and warranty becomes void if I root it.   EDIT: I've tried the method suggested in answer, at the 4th step of method 2, I'm facing this problem: I was fighting bandits in the sewers when one of them went into a "cower" animation, and began screaming about how he had given up.  Given that I found his terror endearing, I deigned to spare him. I tried talking to him, to no effect. Then I tried sheathing my weapon - upon which the brigand thought he had a chance, and resumed hostilities with due haste!  Sadly, he did not offer to yield again before I slew him.  And so, the question remained unanswered: do enemies actually surrender, or was this just a clever ploy to catch me with my pants down? How to use Cubic to create a custom Ubuntu live CD image? Why do different humans look different? Although farmers appear to be able to tell their cows apart, cows look very much alike to me. And this similarity in appearance seems to be a general trait across the animal kingdom: one individual of one animal species looks much like another.  Why do human facial and body shapes vary so much?  I understand that human beings live in many different environments (e.g. hot and cold) and have adapted to these (e.g. through lighter or darker skin color), but there seems to be much variation that has no apparent evolutionary purpose. So does the difference have a purpose in itself? That is, did we evlove to vary in appearance, and what is the purpose of this variation? combining results of two select statements How to make terminal autocomplete when there are several files/directory? If I have several directories, like:  afoo abar   sometimes my terminal will refuse autocomplete when I press tab (e.g. "cd a" then tab), and print the list of directories instead. Sometimes it even throws a noisy, annoying sound. Any idea how to make it autocomplete in cases like this? E.g it can show abar first, and then afoo if I press tab again. I saw this is the case in windows, or some applciation in Ubuntu When I click on 'Business Data Connectivity Services' link on 'Manage Service Application' page of Central Administration, I get the following error : "The load balancer is not provisioned. Verify the load balancer was provisioned successfully before retrieving endpoint addresses. " I got a solution from  link, but as per instruction I am unable to install the hotfix for SharePoint 2013. Is there any solution available for this problem? Thanks in advance Properties of $\liminf$ and $\limsup$ of sum of sequences: $\limsup s_n + \liminf t_n \leq \limsup (s_n + t_n) \leq \limsup s_n + \limsup t_n$ Let $\{s_n\}$ and $\{t_n\}$ be sequences.  I've noticed this inequality in a few analysis textbooks that I have come across, so I've started to think this can't be a typo:  $\limsup\limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} s_n + \liminf\limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} t_n \leq \limsup\limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} (s_n + t_n) \leq \limsup\limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} s_n + \limsup\limits_{n \rightarrow \infty} t_n$.  I understand the right two-thirds of the equation, and can prove it.  I'm stuck on the far-left third.  I don't understand how that is true. Answers no longer sorted by score/votes For me at least,  has answers that are not sorted by score:    Is this normal?  I've tried refreshing the page a few times, but the order doesn't change... Given two separate annulus with centers $[C_1,C_2]$ and their corresponding radii being $[R_1,r_1]$ and $[R_2,r_2]$ respectively, larger radius being $R$. There are methods to look at whether they are overlapping or not. If they overlap how to find the overlapping area. Is there any close form expression for it?  equation of first annulus   $r_1^2&lt;(x-x_{c1})^2 + (y-y_{c1})^2 &lt;R_1^2$   equation of second annulus  $r_2^2&lt;(x-x_{c2})^2 + (y-y_{c2})^2 &lt;R_2^2$  If there are three circles overlapping, we get overlapping area as solution to set of 4 in-equations by least squares approach(Though we don't end up getting total area but, area within tangents of circles ). Problem with TP-Link TL-WN823N Recently I installed Ubuntu 16.04 but cant get the usb wifi adapter to work properly , can anyone help me?  When wifi adpater is plugged , the lsusb output:  Bus 001 Device 003: ID 2357:0109 Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0e0f:000b VMware, Inc.  Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub  Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0e0f:0008 VMware, Inc.  Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub   When wifi adapter is unplugged , the lsusb output:  Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0e0f:000b VMware, Inc.  Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0e0f:0008 VMware, Inc.  Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub I often find  syntax very helpful, e.g. process substitution like in diff &lt;(sort file1) &lt;(sort file2).  Is it possible to use such Bash commands in a Makefile? I'm thinking of something like this:  file-differences:     diff &lt;(sort file1) &lt;(sort file2) &gt; $@   In my GNU Make 3.80 this will give an error since it uses the shell instead of bash to execute the commands. Dual boot Win 10 + Ubuntu SSD+HDD first of all thank you for answering.  I have a 120GB SSD and a 1TB HDD and I want to dual boot with Windows 10. I tried with this configuration:  SSD  / (ext4 20GB) /usr (ext4 15GB) /boot/efi (ext4 250MB)  HDD  /var (ext4 3GB) /tmp (ext4 8GB) /home (ext4 50GB) swap (none 24GB) (RAM 16GB)  I don't know if I am doing OK, as I tried to install it but installation gets stuck at "Saving installed packages..." and it doesn't continue. I wonder if it could be cause I didn't  partitioned as I had to. I don't find any post where this happens so I ask here.  Thanks! Consider:  I need to do this. I need do this.  My English grammar knowledge tells me that &quot;need&quot; doesn't have the same status as the modal verbs &quot;may&quot;, &quot;can&quot;, &quot;should&quot; and what not. Hence the second usage where two verbs appear consecutively is incorrect. But yesterday, my native English speaking friends (Americans) told me that &quot;I need compute this.&quot; is a perfectly grammatical sentence, and one is simply omitting the &quot;to&quot;. How can this be? Is it a colloquial usage but grammatically incorrect, or is it grammatically correct? If it is grammatically correct, is it because &quot;need&quot; is a semi-modal verb? EDIT: in particular, is it okay to use &quot;need compute&quot; in a scientific paper? EDIT2: the exact phrase that raised the question was &quot;The advantage of this representation is that we need only compute sums and products&quot;