I would like to copy a file, but I want the new file to be named something different, like having a (1) next to the name without changing the extension.   Here is my code:   import shutil from tkinter import * from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename import os   filename = askopenfilename()  file_name, file_extension = os.path.splitext(filename)  dec = "_dec"  newfile = file_name + dec   copied = str.join(newfile, file_extension)   shutil.copy(filename, copied )  master = Tk()  w = Message(master, text="Copied!", width = 100) w.pack()  mainloop()   How would I get filename to have a (1) at the end of the name without touching the extension?
Is there a function to extract the extension from a filename?
How many times has the matter in our solar system been recycled from previous stars? I've got a basic understanding of these facts:   The Universe is a little over 13 billion years old.  Our galaxy is almost that old. Our solar system is roughly 4.6 billion years old. The heavier elements (Carbon, oxygen, etc...) are only produced by stars.   When our solar system coalesced, the matter that makes up the planets came from a previous generation of stars.  (Meanwhile our Sun is busy making its own slightly-heavier elements, but those aren't ours.  Those belong to the next "generation" after our star dies.)  So we're all sitting on a rock whose matter was spewed out of a star (or stars) that preceded this solar system. But what I want to know is:  How many cycles of coalescing, fusing, nucleosynthesis, exploding -- and then repeating the cycle -- have this atoms in this ball of rock I'm standing on been through?    How do you know this?  Can you tell by the make-up of the matter in the solar system?  Looking around the Orion arm to see remnants of our former home? The event horizon of a black hole is where gravity is such that not even light can escape. This is also the point I understand that according to Einstein time dilation will be infinite for a far-away-observer.  If this is the case how can anything ever fall into a black hole.  In my thought experiment I am in a spaceship with a powerful telescope that can detect light at a wide range of wavelengths.  I have it focused on the black hole and watch as a large rock approaches the event horizon.  Am I correct in saying that from my far-away-position the rock would freeze outside the event horizon and would never pass it? If this is the case how can a black hole ever consume any material, let alone grow to millions of solar masses.  If I was able to train the telescope onto the black hole for millions of years would I still see the rock at the edge of the event horizon?  I am getting ready for the response of the object would slowly fade.  Why would it slowly fade and if it would how long would this fading take?  If it is going to red shift at some point would the red shifting not slow down to a standstill? This question has been bugging me for years!  OK - just an edit based on responses so far.  Again, please keep thinking from an observers point of view.  If observers see objects slowly fade and slowly disappear as they approach the event horizon would that mean that over time the event horizon would be "lumpy" with objects invisible, but not passed through?  We should be able to detect the "lumpiness" should we not through? I am trying to prove the summation formula using induction:  $$\sum_{k=1}^n \frac{1}{k(k+1)} = 1-\frac{1}{n+1}$$  So far I have...  Base case:   Let n=1 and test   $\frac{1}{k(k+1)} = 1-\frac{1}{n+1}$  $\frac{1}{1(1+1)} = 1-\frac{1}{1+1}$    $\frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{2}$   True for n=1   Induction Hypothesis:   Assume the statement is true for the n-th case   $\sum_{k=1}^n  \frac{1}{k(k+1)} = 1-\frac{1}{n+1}$  Inductive Step:   Prove, using the Inductive Hypothesis as a premise, that   $$\sum_{k=1}^{n+1}  \frac{1}{k(k+1)} = \sum_{k=1}^{n}  \frac{1}{k(k+1)} + \frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)} = 1-\frac1{n+1} + \frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)} = \frac{(n+1)(n+2)}{(n+1)(n+2)}+\frac{-2-n}{(n+1)(n+2)}+\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)} = \frac{(n+1)(n+2)-2-n+1)}{(n+1)(n+2)} = \frac{(n+1)(n+2)-n-1}{(n+1)(n+2)} = \frac{n^2+2n+1}{(n+1)(n+2)} = \frac{(n+1)(n+1)}{(n+1)(n+2)} = \frac{n+1}{n+2}$$  To prove $$ 1-\frac{1}{n+2} = \frac{n+1}{n+2} $$ Multiply both sides by $n+2$ to get an equivalent expression. $$ (1-\frac{1}{n+2}) * (n+2) = (\frac{n+1}{n+2}) * (n+2)  $$ $$ n+1=n+2−1 $$  Does this all make sense? How can this be improved upon? How do I delete all empty directories in a directory from the command line? Say I have a directory named foo/. This folder includes subdirectories. How can I delete all the empty directories in one command? Proving by induction that $ \sum_{k=0}^n{n \choose k} = 2^n$ Prove by induction that for all $n \ge 0$:  $${n \choose 0} + {n \choose 1} + ... + {n \choose n} = 2^n.$$  In the inductive step, use Pascal’s identity, which is:  $${n+1 \choose k} = {n \choose k-1} + {n \choose k}.$$  I can only prove it using the binomial theorem, not induction. Is fractional scaling ( ) available in 18.04 LTS yet? I am waiting until this is available before I install. How can I compare time in SQL Server? How do you call an external command (as if I'd typed it at the Unix shell or Windows command prompt) from within a Python script? What should I do, as my submitted paper is still under review after 1 year? Geometric mean never exceeds arithmetic mean This was a mathematical induction question proposed in a textbook, and I've exhausted multiple approaches (proving RHS - LHS > 0, splitting the fraction, fractional exponents, etc.)     The geometric mean of $n$ positive numbers $a_1, a_2,\ldots,a_n$ is $\sqrt[n]{a_1a_2 \ldots a_n}$ and their arithmetic mean is $\frac{a_1+a_2+\ldots+a_n}{n}$. If $a_1, a_2,\ldots,a_n$ are $n$ positive real numbers, prove by induction that their geometric mean is always smaller than or equal to their arithmetic mean, i.e. $\sqrt[n]{a_1a_2\ldots a_n} \leq \frac{a_1+a_2+\ldots+a_n}{n}$ What are the relationship between administrators groups of domain, dev computer and of Sharepoint services? I know-know I can search and read but anyway I would need to ask in order to escape possible typos, personal misunderstandings and to better remember.     I develop on a machine with installed Sharepoint 2010 Sever where I have local groups:     Administrators Description: Administrators have complete and unrestricted access to the computer/domain   WSS_Admin_WPG Description: Members of this group have write access to system resources used by Microsoft SharePoint Foundation      **Does the description of "Administrators" ("computer/domain") imply all privileges of "WSS_Admin_WPG" ?    Does the description of **WSS_Admin_WPG (in part of "system resources used by Microsoft SharePoint Foundation") imply Sharepoint Server?**    The WSS_Admin_WPG group has entries of:     "BUILTIN\Administrators (S-1-5-32-544)" group   and some user domain accounts   Is "BUILTIN\Administrators (S-1-5-32-544)" group the same (alias to?) as "BUILTIN\Administrators" entry I observe among Sharepoint Farm Administrators (through "Central Administration")?       Is the entries of domain accounts excessive (or necessary)     in "WSS_Admin_WPG" if these accounts make part of "Administrators" group?     in "Farm Administrators" if these accounts are part of "BUILTIN\Administrators (S-1-5-32-544)" group?     What are relationship (difference) between "BUILTIN\Administrators" and "Administrators"? Integral representation of Euler's constant Prove that : $$ \gamma=-\int_0^{1}\ln \ln \left ( \frac{1}{x} \right) \ \mathrm{d}x.$$  where $\gamma$ is Euler's constant ($\gamma \approx 0.57721$).    This integral was mentioned in  as in  , but the solutions I've got uses corollaries from . Can you give me a simple solution (not using much advanced theorems) or at least some hints. Does an unbalanced sample matter when doing logistic regression? Okay, so I think I have a decent enough sample, taking into account the 20:1 rule of thumb: a fairly large sample (N=374) for a total of 7 candidate predictor variables.   My problem is the following: whatever set of predictor variables I use, the classifications never get better than a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 0%. However unsatisfactory, this could actually be the best possible result, given the set of candidate predictor variables (from which I can't deviate).   But, I couldn't help but think I could do better, so I noticed that the categories of the dependent variable were quite unevenly balanced, almost 4:1. Could a more balanced subsample improve classifications? When drawing a line between two nodes in TikZ, you can specify the anchors on the beginning and end nodes in order to control how the line is drawn.  I would like to specify the anchor on the beginning node, and the angle at which the line is drawn, and let TikZ figure out where it will intercept the end node.  The usual use case is when I'm connecting to a "big node" and I would like the lines to be vertical.  I can cheat by placing a coordinate behind the big node, drawing a line to the coordinate instead, and then drawing the big node so that it covers things up.  However this won't work if I need to put an arrow on the end.  I could try to calculate the intercept coordinate on the edge of the big node manually, but that seems against the TikZ spirit.  |- doesn't work in this case.  \documentclass[10pt]{minimal} \usepackage[active,tightpage,pdftex]{preview} \usepackage{tikz}  \begin{document} \begin{preview}  \tikzstyle{RectObject}=[rectangle,fill=white,draw,line width=0.5mm] \tikzstyle{line}=[draw] \tikzstyle{arrow}=[draw, -latex]   \begin{tikzpicture}   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   %%  LEFT SIDE   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   \draw (1,0) node[RectObject] (Small1A) {A};   \draw (3,0) node[RectObject] (Small1B) {B};   \coordinate (Cheat1A) at (1,2);   \coordinate (Cheat1B) at (3,2);   \path [line] (Small1A.north) -- (Cheat1A);   \path [line] (Small1B.north) -- (Cheat1B);    % need to draw Big Node last to cover up our cheating   \draw (2,2) node[RectObject, inner xsep=1cm] (Big1) {Big Node};    \draw (2,4) node[text width=4cm] (text1) {L: Cheating to control line orientation. Arrows would be hard.};    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   %%  RIGHT SIDE   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   \draw (7,2) node[RectObject, inner xsep=1cm] (Big2) {Big Node};   \draw (6,0) node[RectObject] (Small2A) {A};   \draw (8,0) node[RectObject] (Small2B) {B};   \path [arrow] (Small2A) -- (Big2);   \path [arrow] (Small2B) -- (Big2);    \draw (7,4) node[text width=4cm] (text2) {R: No cheating. Arrows easy. Can't control line orientation.}; \end{tikzpicture} \end{preview} \end{document}   Here's a side-by-side example of "cheating", which shows what I want to be able to do, and "not cheating", which does not do what I want.    The left side of this example shows what I want to be able to do, except I want to do it without cheating, and I'd like to put arrows on the end of the lines. Using the code below I add text to end of file names which are:  1.mp3 2.mp3   and should be:  1text.mp3 2text.mp3   but it changed to:  1.mp3text 2.mp3text   Code:  @ECHO ON  FOR %%A IN ("C:\Users\user123\Desktop\mp3\*.mp2") DO (     CALL :RenameFiles "%%~A" "%%~NXA" ) GOTO EOF  :RenameFiles  SET fname=%~2 SET renname=%fname=% REN "%~1" "%renname%text%" GOTO E What's the name of this flat illustration style? I want to buy some stock photos like the ones below. What is this design called?  I don't even know how to start searching... Polygon label repeated for each tile How long does the Truffle take to move in after building the mushroom biome? What does it mean for two objects to "touch"? The topic which haunted me for two years until I gave up on it. But now I am doing engineering and this topic suddenly popped out of my textbook from nowhere. I seriously need to understand this topic because I wasn't able to do so in the past. I have read many book on 'energy' and it came to nothing. Maybe just because the many books I have read all said 'energy' is something which doesn't 'exist'! It is 'abstract'! It is just a number which represents the state or orientation of a system. But then I see so many examples that 'uses' energy to do 'work'. But the question here is that if anything doesn't exist in this universe, then how can the same thing be used to do something that exist?  My problem is that I didn't understood the topic 'energy' and all the other topics related to it (work, power etc.)