Not sure if I should use crime science or Crime Science throughout my essay. When should I capitalize the term?
Do I say "I study computer science," or "I study Computer Science"? Similarly, "I really liked that computer science course," vs. "I really liked that Computer Science course."
I am trying to make a map where you have to make a village from scratch, and I need help. I'm trying to make a /clone command happen relative to where a mob that's named house is, and I cant figure it out. Any help? Can comments be used in JSON? latexmk: jobname option and clean up incompatibility? I'm using  in a Makefile to compile my document. Since I want my output filename to be different from the input filename, I use latexmk's option jobname.  The problem is: it seems to be incompatible with latexmk -c to clean temporary files.  Here's the specific entry in my Makefile:  these.pdf: header.tex $(OBJS)     latexmk                 \         -pdf                \         -pdflatex="$(TEX)"  \         -jobname="these"    \         -use-make $&lt;   Input files are header.tex containing the latex instruction header and other latex content files. The output files are these.{aux,bbl,bcf,...}. Then latexmk -c does not remove temporary files: .{aux,bbl,bcf,...} files. How do you prevent a user from posting data multiple times on a website Is there any built-in way to get the length of an iterable in python? For example, files, in Python, are iterable - they iterate over the lines in the file. I want to count the number of lines.   One quick way is to do this:  lines = len(list(open(fname)))   However, this loads the whole file into memory (at once). This rather defeats the purpose of an iterator (which only needs to keep the current line in memory).  This doesn't work:  lines = len(line for line in open(fname))   as generators don't have a length.  Is there any way to do this short of defining a count function?  def count(i):     c = 0     for el in i: c += 1     return c   To clarify, I understand that the whole file will have to be read! I just don't want it in memory all at once How to install Chromium without snap? I just discovered that chromium will only be released as a snap package.  How can I continue to get chromium, without snap? Is this possible without building from source?  Notes:   Please let's keep to the question as stated - not "what do you have against snap?" I'm not asking how to remove snap (I realize that would break Ubuntu)... just how to use chromium as it is now, a deb.     Update  No, this is not a duplicate of that linked question. I don't need to know "why it's a snap". I want to know how to use it without snap.  Right now there is building from source, and some random PPA mentioned below. I hope someone can advise us of trustworthy alternatives. There are lots (an infinitude) of smooth functions that coincide with $f(n)=n!$ on the integers. Is there a simple reason why Euler's Gamma function $\Gamma (z) = \int_0^\infty t^{z-1} e^{-t} dt$ is the "best"?  In particular, I'm looking for reasons that I can explain to first-year calculus students. How does the Flash breathe while utilizing his super speed? How do the Flashes breathe utilizing their super speed? The air pressure would be extreme. Do they run in a pressurized bubble? I've recently installed Ubuntu on Oracle's Virtualbox.  Now I want to install the guest additions.  I started up my Ubuntu guest OS, clicked "Devices" and chose "Install Guest Additions". Nothing happened, and I don't see the CD icon on my desktop.  How can I make this work? fleqn document class option, long text lines, and hyperref package When the fleqn option is used, the vertical spacing before an equation placed right after a "long" text line (exactly \linewidth I would say) is improperly set up. See below:    From the mathmode user guide, this could probably be fixed through the \topsep length. Is it the right way to proceed? The problem is reproduced by the code below:  \documentclass[12pt,fleqn]{book} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{hyperref} \begin{document} \chapter{plo} \section{plo} eoiu oieu oeiuoe ueoi ueoi ueoiu eoiu oeu oe iupaêio umùaeoiuaem oeiu eoiu eoiu oeee. eoiu oieu oeiuoe ueoi ueoi ueoiu eoiu oeu oe iupaêio umùaeoiuaemm \begin{equation} \cos\pi=-1 \end{equation} eoiu oieu oeiuoe ueoi ueoi ueoiu eoiu oeu oe iupaêio umùaeoiuaem oeiu eoiu eoiu oeee. eoiu oieu oeiuoe ueoi ueoi ueoiu eoiu oeu oe iupaêio umùae \begin{equation} \cos\pi=-1 \end{equation} \end{document}   There is something wrong involving hyperref, amsmath, and fleqn. Removing one of those removes the problem. Merging arrays with the same keys on proving bac-cab rule, $\vec{A} \times ( \vec{B} \times \vec{C})= \vec{B} (\vec{A} \cdot\vec{C})- \vec{C}(\vec{A}\cdot\vec{B})$ I noticed something when I was doing a proof of the BAC-CAB rule, and wanted to check if my intuition was correct.   First, when I actually multiplied out $\vec{B} (\vec{A} \cdot\vec{C})-\vec{C}(\vec{A}\cdot\vec{B}) $ I noticed that I got the same thing. That is, the two quantities are equal. This makes sense since they are dot products. But that further implies that the expression goes to zero.  Well, that means that $\vec{A} \times (\vec{B} \times \vec{C})$ would have to be zero too. And when I thought about it it occurred to me that $\vec{B} \times \vec{C}$ describes a vector perpendicular to both B and C; it's orthogonal. But $\vec{A} \times$ (any vector) will describe a vector perpendicular to (any vector) and in this case, that's $\vec{B} \times \vec{C}$. That is going to be parallel with the vector described by $\vec{B} \times \vec{C}$ itself and that further implies that the cross product of the two is equal to zero. Which is equal to the BAC-CAB quantity above.   So, what is the big honking flaw in my reasoning here? :-) Command/macro name cannot include numbers and symbols I would like put picture into table, and my idea is define new command as below>   \newcommand{\EJ471}{\includegraphics[scale=0.150]{EJ_471.jpg}}   But compiler reports an error. If I use the command name for example \EJa, everything is all right. I've read similar questions as      But still I don't understand why it does not work. How do I clear command prompts in minecraft? When reviewing flags, either from the queue or from the flagged post, I often want to know what the flagger could have done in addition to, or instead of, flagging for mod attention.  Does he have the rep to downvote?  To comment?  To vote to delete?  Knowing this doesn't necessarily affect how I handle the flag, but if there's a possible teaching moment there I use the flag response to point it out.  But I can't find this out unless I click through to the user's profile (unless I already know this user, of course).  Would it be possible to get the flagger's reputation in a tooltip, like what's already done for comments? What mode does the terminal go into when I type a single quote? When I enter single quote ' in terminal it goes to some other mode, and commands don't execute. What is this mode and when do we use it?  root@sai:~# ' &gt; ls &gt; ' ls : command not found root@sai:~# Enabling tftpd  sudo launchctl load -F /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/tftp.plist   Start:  sudo launchctl start com.apple.tftpd   See logs syslog -w  com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.tftpd[30687]) &lt;Warning&gt;: Service exited with abnormal code: 1   Or with log stream --process tftp --level debug  Filtering the log data using "process BEGINSWITH[cd] "tftp"" Timestamp                       Thread     Type        Activity             PID    TTL 2020-01-21 12:35:44.903240+0200 0x5292a    Activity    0x6afa0              31479  0    tftpd: (libsystem_info.dylib) Retrieve User by Name 2020-01-21 12:35:44.903949+0200 0x5292a    Default     0x0                  31479  0    tftpd: recvfrom: Resource temporarily unavailable   I also tried to run tftpd directly without launchctl sudo /usr/libexec/tftpd -d -i /private/tftpboot/ with the same results.  Earlier I used this configuration and it worked fine. But after some changes (may be OS update) it became broken. Current MacOS version is 10.14.6 (18G2022)    How to fix tftpd?    Appendix. Configuration file /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/tftp.plist has default content:  &lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt; &lt;!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"&gt; &lt;plist version="1.0"&gt; &lt;dict&gt;     &lt;key&gt;Disabled&lt;/key&gt;     &lt;true/&gt;     &lt;key&gt;Label&lt;/key&gt;     &lt;string&gt;com.apple.tftpd&lt;/string&gt;     &lt;key&gt;ProgramArguments&lt;/key&gt;     &lt;array&gt;         &lt;string&gt;/usr/libexec/tftpd&lt;/string&gt;         &lt;string&gt;-i&lt;/string&gt;         &lt;string&gt;/private/tftpboot&lt;/string&gt;     &lt;/array&gt;     &lt;key&gt;inetdCompatibility&lt;/key&gt;     &lt;dict&gt;         &lt;key&gt;Wait&lt;/key&gt;         &lt;true/&gt;     &lt;/dict&gt;     &lt;key&gt;InitGroups&lt;/key&gt;     &lt;true/&gt;     &lt;key&gt;Sockets&lt;/key&gt;     &lt;dict&gt;         &lt;key&gt;Listeners&lt;/key&gt;         &lt;dict&gt;             &lt;key&gt;SockServiceName&lt;/key&gt;             &lt;string&gt;tftp&lt;/string&gt;             &lt;key&gt;SockType&lt;/key&gt;             &lt;string&gt;dgram&lt;/string&gt;         &lt;/dict&gt;     &lt;/dict&gt; &lt;/dict&gt; &lt;/plist&gt;   Update1 It seems port is in use. Why? Who?  $ sudo lsof -i:69 COMMAND PID USER   FD   TYPE             DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME launchd   1 root   23u  IPv6 0x55f5dbd8d897c847      0t0  UDP *:tftp launchd   1 root   57u  IPv4 0x55f5dbd8d897e687      0t0  UDP *:tftp launchd   1 root   59u  IPv6 0x55f5dbd8d897c847      0t0  UDP *:tftp launchd   1 root   60u  IPv4 0x55f5dbd8d897e687      0t0  UDP *:tftp   launchd uses UDP port 69. Why?  $ ps -ef | grep tftp 501 94727 48073   0  4:16PM ttys007    0:00.00 grep --color=auto tftp Can a virtualized machine have the CPU and RAM resources of multiple underlying physical machines? We are studying implementing some virtualized servers here, but we don't know what will be better suitable for us. Some folks are saying better have two huge servers, and others are saying have like a ten middle-end servers.  We have a legacy Visual Foxpro application, which nowadays run on Dual Xeon E5405 @ 2GHz and 16Gb of RAM. The currently server its getting too slow due the number of active users and process running on it. Virtualizing this server will give us the benefit of an faster disaster recovery.  So the question is, having like ten physical servers running at 1.7GHz and 4Gb of RAM, we could virtualize one server into 4 machines, and have one virtualized server running at 6.8GHz and 16Gb of memory? If yes, there is some how if one machine stops, automatically manage this virtual machine to another one, and execute the appropriate maintenance on it, and later back to it again? Do new wire runs in an existing ceiling need to be stapled down? I've heard some people say that code requires wiring in the wall to be stapled to framing every so often (how often?), but when you are doing a remodel, is that necessary?  I have a two story house, and would like to remove one standard dome light on the first floor ceiling and replace it with 6 recessed lights.  There is about 12" of empty space between the floors, and it seems easy enough to run the wire from light to light without cutting any drywall except for the 4-5" holes required for the lights. However, there's no way I'd be able to staple the wiring down.  It's just going to be loose in the ceiling, running through a small hole in the I joists every once in a while.  They sell "remodel" light cans that are made specifically so you only have to cut a hole big enough for them to fit in, so this seems like a common job.  What am I missing and how can I do this job in the most correct way?  This is in Dallas, TX, single family residence. Managing constructors with many parameters in Java In some of our projects, there's an class hierarchy that adds more parameters as it goes down the chain. At the bottom, some of the classes can have up to 30 parameters, 28 of which are just being passed into the super constructor.  I'll acknowledge that using automated DI through something like Guice would be nice, but because of some technical reasons, these specific projects are constrained to Java.   A convention of organizing the arguments alphabetically by type doesn't work because if a type is refactored (the Circle you were passing in for argument 2 is now a Shape) it can suddenly be out of order.  This question might be to specific and fraught with "If that's your problem, you're doing it wrong at a design level" criticisms, but I'm just looking for any viewpoints.