I was wondering if today's modern compilers like MS cc, gcc, clang, icc, newer versions were built with the current version of the same compiler?  Because of course of this risk:    I'm sure everyone involved with the afore-mentioned compilers' development knows about this issue, whereby code is injected into the compiler by an earlier version of itself and propagates invisibly.  Now the real problem, is not really one of backdoors, but much more about code generation correctness isn't it ? How about if somewhere in the build chain some pervert twist was introduced by pure mistake, and today's compiler generate incorrect code, even if the compiler's source look OK, because of the Ken Thompson's flaw?  So if they are built with themselves, how do they protect themselves?
I've heard of the idea of bootstrapping a language, that is, writing a compiler/interpreter for the language in itself.  I was wondering how this could be accomplished and looked around a bit, and saw someone say that it could only be done by either   writing an initial compiler in a different language. hand-coding an initial compiler in Assembly, which seems like a special case of the first   To me, neither of these seem to actually be bootstrapping a language in the sense that they both require outside support.  Is there a way to actually write a compiler in its own language?
When to use ' (or quote) in Lisp? How to uninstall Windows from a Dual Boot system? Terminal limits scrolling I have a running log, it outputs a lot to the terminal. Unfortunately, when I try to scroll up and view older output, it appears there is a limit. And I am unable to scroll past a certain point. On the Mac, the terminal allows you to scroll up to the start of the session. Is there a way to do this in ubuntu terminal? Are the WotC archives of d20 Character Optimization forum forever lost? I was looking for the Wizard Handbook but all the links were broken.  Somewhere on the handbooks of other classes (on other forums) I saw a      This was archived by WotC, here's the link   But the link leads to the welcome page of WotC (since it's broken).  Is there a way to get all that info back? Do you know where to get it from? The Wayback Machine did not archive the forums. I would like to search my table having a column of first names and a column of last names.  I currently accept a search term from a field and compare it against both columns, one at a time with       select * from table where first_name like '%$search_term%' or      last_name like '%$search_term%';   This works fine with single word search terms but the result set includes everyone with the name "Larry". But if someone enters a first name then a space, then a last name, I want a narrower search result. I've tried the following without success.         select * from table where first_name like '%$search_term%' or last_name      like '%$search_term%' or concat_ws(' ',first_name,last_name)      like '%$search_term%';   Any advice?  EDIT:  The name I'm testing with is "Larry Smith".  The db stores "Larry" in the "first_name" column, and "Smith" in the "last_name" column.  The data is clean, no extra spaces and the search term is trimmed left and right.  EDIT 2:  I tried Robert Gamble's answer out this morning.  His is very similar to what I was running last night.  I can't explain it, but this morning it works.  The only difference I can think of is that last night I ran the concat function as the third "or" segment of my search query (after looking through first_name and last_name). This morning I ran it as the last segment after looking through the above as well as addresses and business names.    Does running a mysql function at the end of a query work better than in the middle? What's the difference between these two sentences? And which one's grammatically correct? How to schedule a task to run when shutting down windows How many ways can $b$ balls be distributed in $c$ containers with no more than $n$ balls in any given container? Javascript function only works if there's an alert We have no mention of Voldemort in Harry's sixth year. So, I was wondering- what could Voldemort have been doing? Is there a problem with Beamer in the latest MiKTeX update? This is about MiKTeX Revision 2.9.6360.  Immediately after the latest MiKTeX update, my Beamer files stopped compiling.  When i tried to compile a file that had been working fine I got a Package installation popup saying:  tex\latex\beamer\beamerbasemodes.sty  Is missing.  It is part of the following package  beamer   So i clicked to have it installed.  All that achieved is that i got an error message  ! LaTeX error: File 'beamerbasemodes.sty' not found   I repeated this a few times with minor changes to the file, and then went to the MiKTeX Package Manager to see what parts of Beamer are installed.  It said none were.  Either the update had removed Beamer, or the attempt to install beamerbasemodes on the fly had done it.  So I reinstalled it by hand.  In fact i did this several times in various ways.  It made one difference.  Sometimes the problem package was identified as  translator.sty  In case it would help, I ran Update FNDB and restarted my machine.  Each time I installed Beamer, the Package Manager then reported that Beamer was installed.    But when I tried to compile the file, the same things happened all over.   And when i went back to the MiKTeX Package Manager it reported Beamer is not installed.   Is Beamer now out of date?  Or is this a problem on the new update?  Is there a simple fix i can use? Which Pokémon can speak with humans? Inspired by Detective Pikachu, I was wondering which Pokémon can "speak" with humans.  I would like to include  Pokémon like Meowth in the anime that speak English/Japanese with their mouths, Pokémon like Mewtwo in the anime/movies that speak telepathically, or other Pokémon we've seen like Lugia/Entei that seem to speak without moving their mouths but still out loud for all to hear (presumably).  The format doesn't matter (manga, anime, video games). And while this is inspired by Detective Pikachu, it's not about it, as the movie is not out yet      And it seems like the human character has the special ability, not the Pikachu Get latest Flash player on Ubuntu I know, it's been asked before but I couldn't really get a satisfying answer for some details/backgrounds and I guess it's an important question for many.    Some application seem only to be running with Adobe Flash 15 (or at least I know it does, because I have that version on my Windows Partition).  The official Adobe website says:     NOTE: Adobe Flash Player 11.2 will be the last version to target Linux as a supported platform. Adobe will continue to provide security backports to Flash Player 11.2 for Linux.   Some search on the web like "Ubuntu Adobe Flash 15" or similar does not return any good websites.  I found something that says   (using a "pepper-based version"), and  .   Is it impossible to use this for Firefox too? Would it be a privacy risk?  Are there no alternative projects (I know it's closed source but there are so many so very bright people out there using something similar to wine but just for the plugin....)?  How about the Mac-Version? Shouldn't someone be able to port that one to Linux? Nice proofs of $\zeta(4) = \frac{\pi^4}{90}$? Changing isometric drawing's constraint angles in Illustrator Vector Applications in Euclidean Geometry Functions that are sets of all function - proofs I'm going through the book Proofs and fundamentals, by Bloch, and it doesn't include a solution manual for it's examples. It doesn't have many examples on notation and proof strategy for certain cases, so I needed a little help.    Although I understand the idea, and can draw it out, I'm not sure how to write it in decent proof notation. Any help would be appreciated!   Edit: apologies, my idea is this: theres some function in $F(C,A\times B)$ such that theres some $x$ within $C$ that means $g(x)$ is within $A\times B$. Similarly, the second two imply that for some function within $F(A,C)$ there exists a value $x$ such that $g(x)=C$. and similarly for the third part from $B\rightarrow C$. It's easy to see with drawing it out that these two are the same because one will have a part within A and the other will lead to a part within $B$, so their cross will be the same. I wanted to go about proving it by setting a function $f$ within $F(C,AxB)$ and then working from there, but I really have no idea where to start or the notation. How to get GUI sudo password prompt without command line? Currently, for all my commands that require root access, I have to type them out on a command line.  I would like for the GUI to prompt me to key in my password, when sudo is required, instead of having to type out the commands from command line.  Is there any way to enable this? Previously one version of Ubuntu desktop had this feature out of the box.  This version of Ubuntu (that I am now running) I upgraded from a server installation.  I will add, my user account is already added to sudo group. Thus I can run commands such as sudo gedit or sudo apt-get but I'm not able to install software in the Ubuntu Software Center. I have updated my kubuntu 14.10 to kubuntu 15.04. And now after boot, when I enter my password on welcome screen, I will get black screen. It's looks like screen powered off. No cursor, no change brightness. Nothing. And when I try switch to text consoles (Ctrl+Alt+F1) nothing happening. If I doesn't login in welcome screen I can switch to text console. Is it acceptable to begin a declarative sentence with "Am"?