I'm currently using Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS. I want to level up my Linux skills so, I want to use terminal as much as possible. Is there a way to work only with terminal and summon a desktop environment only when I need? I'm expecting the system to not be graphical or use GUI unless I want it to. How can I do it? Thanks in advance!
Is it possible to disable X at boot time? I'm setting up a server so it would be nice if it wouldn't load the graphical interface every time I boot.
A generalisation of the fundamental theorem of algebra We already know the following theorem by d'Alembert and Gauss, often called fundamental theorem of algebra.  Theorem Let $P$ be in $\mathbb C[X]$ of degree $1$ or greater. There exists $\alpha\in \mathbb C$ such that $P(\alpha)=0$.  Can we give the following generalisation for polynomials with several variables?  Generalisation Let $n$ be in $\mathbb N^*$ and $P$ be in $\mathbb C[X_1,\ldots,X_n]$ of degree $1$ or greater. There exists $\alpha\in \mathbb C^n$ such that $P(\alpha)=0$.  Any references, hints or solutions would be greatly appreciated. How to repair Ubuntu installation after interrupted dist-upgrade without losing any custom settings? During my attempt to upgrade my Xubuntu 14.04 installation with  sudo apt-get dist-upgrade   I made the mistake of interrupting the process by closing my laptop, which caused it to suspend to disk. After re-opening, the monitor remained black, so I was forced to reboot the system. I have since discovered many failures of drivers (wlan0 missing, USB memory stick cannot be mounted, USB mouse not recognised, and maybe more undiscovered problems with hardware).   My beginner's attempts to manually repair the single problems could have made it even worse. During the installation of the current distribution I chose to encrypt my whole hard disk. How to show that $\lim \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i}=0 $? Show that  $$\lim \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i} =0 $$  I've proved that this sequence converges (it is bounded and decreasing). NOW, I need to find a sequence that is bigger than this one and goes to zero. Maybe something using geometric serie of 1/2  Thanks in advance! There is a prime between $n$ and $n^2$, without Bertrand Why is the covariant derivative of the metric tensor zero? I have setup a project of 250 frames with a flag and a wind force field. It works fine until I change the length of the project to 520 frames, then the flag is frozen after frame 250. There must be a simple way to change this. Thanks for any help. Regards, Daniel. Why does cout print char arrays differently from other arrays? I have a table similar to this:  CREATE TABLE example (   id integer primary key,   name char(200),   parentid integer,   value integer);   I can use the parentid field to arrange data into a tree structure.  Now here's the bit I can't work out. Given a parentid, is it possible to write an SQL statement to add up all the value fields under that parentid and recurse down the branch of the tree ?  UPDATE: I'm using posgreSQL so the fancy MS-SQL features are not available to me. In any case, I'd like this to be treated as a generic SQL question.  BTW, I'm very impressed to have 6 answers within 15 minutes of asking the question! Go stack overflow! intuition on the fundamental group of $S^1$ I am familiar with the proof that the fundamental group of the unit circle $S^1$ is $\mathbb Z$, yet I couldn't develop intuition for why it is true. For example, why would I fail if I try to find homotopy from a path that circles $S^1$ once to the path that stays at one point all the time? What brakes the continuity of such a homotopy? How can I turn on the Intel HD manually? For some weeks my MacBook 6.2 does not switch to the integrated graphics adapter (Intel HD). This is especially crucial when I work on battery (which happens quite often). I guess the runtime could be enhanced when it would take the HD adapter for display.  I checked that it automatically changes the graphics mode. I am running Snow Leopard 10.6.8.  I recently installed 8GiB RAM (not from Apple). Could this probably related to this issue? Actually I do not want to downgrade or use the expensive Apple RAM.  So, how can I manually turn on the internal graphics adapter? I have several files that I ftp each hour.  The receiving system needs to have some sort of identifier that they came from the same batch, so I would like to append a timestamp to the filename.  That alone is fairly easy, but since I want each file to have the same timestamp (so it can serve as the batch identifier), I cannot figure out how to do this.  So, I have:  file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt   And I want to have:  file1_20141110184303.txt file2_20141110184303.txt file3_20141110184303.txt   Any use of the date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S after the first use will obviously result in a different values in seconds, so I would like to have the first timestamp appended to the remaining files. Show that $\forall (x,y)$ in the first quadrant: $\frac {x^2+y^2}{4}\leq e^{x+y-2}$ Why does Windows only show about 3.5 GB of my 4 GB of RAM? fontawesome icons are getting too big using XeLaTeX The following example must be compiled with XeLaTeX to reproduce the issue.  % arara: xelatex \documentclass{article} \usepackage{fontawesome} \begin{document} Text Text \faMobilePhone\ Text Text \end{document}   Normally I am using TeXworks to compile and view the output. With the internal viewer I am getting the desired result. The following image demonstrates it:    However if I open the pdf with Preview (viewer of Mac) the scaling of the icon fails.     If I open the pdf file with Adobe Acrobat Reader the icon is still scaled correctly. If I print the page my printer is also not able to scale the icons correctly.   If I use LuaLaTeX everything seems to work correctly.   Can you reproduce the issue and do you know a solution? How to check if this limit exists: $$\lim_{(x,y)\rightarrow (0,0)}{ \frac{x^4y^4}{(x^2 + y^4)^3}}$$  Can I convert it to polar form ? $$\frac{r^8 (\cos^4 (\theta)\sin^4(\theta)}{r^6 (\cos^6 (\theta) + r^6 \sin^{12} (\theta))} = \frac{r^2}{\cos^6(\theta) + 0} = 0$$ I am under DDoS. What can I do? This is a  about DoS and DDoS mitigation.   I found a massive traffic spike on a website that I host today; I am getting thousands of connections a second and I see I'm using all 100Mbps of my available bandwidth.  Nobody can access my site because all the requests time out, and I can't even log into the server because SSH times out too!  This has happened a couple times before, and each time it's lasted a couple hours and gone away on its own.  Occasionally, my website has another distinct but related problem: my server's load average (which is usually around .25) rockets up to 20 or more and nobody can access my site just the same as the other case.  It also goes away after a few hours.  Restarting my server doesn't help; what can I do to make my site accessible again, and what is happening?  Relatedly, I found once that for a day or two, every time I started my service, it got a connection from a particular IP address and then crashed.  As soon as I started it up again, this happened again and it crashed again.  How is that similar, and what can I do about it? Why does python 2.5.2 have the following behavior  &gt;&gt;&gt;[2].extend([]) == [2] False  &gt;&gt;&gt; [2].extend([]) == None True  $ python --version Python 2.5.2   I assume I'm not understanding something here, but intuitively I'd think that [2].extend([]) should yield [2] One thing that made me curious while watching a football game on TV was the numbers that appear on the ground. For instance, there's a "1st &amp; 10" beside one team, but there was a "3rd &amp; 6" a few minutes prior (and I think it was beside the other team). What do these numbers mean? "Install VMware Tools" greyed out after installing ubuntu 15.04 on vmware player 7.1 "Install VMware Tools" greyed out after installing Ubuntu 15.04 on VMware Player 7.1. I tried checking "No proxy" instead of default "Windows proxy settings" at "File->Preferences->Software updates-> Connection Settings". This did not work either. Is there a way to install VMware Tools? i want to compile several pgfplots pictures with lualatex, since it dynamically allocates memory for compiling (in contrast to pdflatex).  In some plots, like my MWE.tex given below, i want to use a contour plot. This is typically done with gnuplot. To compile a document like this i need to use --shell-escape, such that gnuplot command can be executed while compiling the document.  \documentclass[a4paper]{article}  \usepackage[utf8]{luainputenc} \usepackage{pgfplots} \pgfplotsset{compat=newest} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}   \begin{axis}     \addplot3[contour gnuplot]      {x+y};       \end{axis}   \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}   If i use  pdflatex --shell-escape MWE.tex   everything works fine, and the log says something along the lines  This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.17 (TeX Live 2016) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2016.6.12)  13 JUN 2016 10:46 entering extended mode  \write18 enabled. .... Package pgfplots notification 'compat/show suggested version=true': document has been generated with the most recent feature set    (\pgfplotsset{compat=1.13}).  \openout3 = `MWE_contourtmp0.dat'.  \openout3 = `MWE_contourtmp0.script'. runsystem(gnuplot "MWE_contourtmp0.script")...executed.   If i use     lualatex --shell-escape MWE.tex i get the following error:  This is LuaTeX, Version 0.95.0 (TeX Live 2016)  (format=lualatex 2016.6.12)  13 JUN 2016 10:52  system commands enabled. ... Package pgfplots notification 'compat/show suggested version=true': document has  been generated with the most recent feature set (\pgfplotsset{compat=1.13}).  Package pgfplots info on input line 10: Using 'lua backend=false' for plot 0 (type 'contour external'): plot handler does not support LUA.  \openout3 = MWE_contourtmp0.dat  \openout3 = MWE_contourtmp0.script gnuplot "MWE_contourtmp0.script"  ! Package pgfplots Error: sorry, plot file{MWE_contourtmp0.table} could not be opened.   The .table file exists and looks identical to the one created by pdflatex, but it says that it cannot be executed.  (I just installed texlive 2016 yesterday, so everything should be up to date.)