I simply do not get the &quot;All Mailboxes&quot; mailbox icon in the mailbox panel of OSX. I followed the directions here:  So I restarted Spotlight indexing, then deleted the Mail envelope files in accordance with the advice on macobserver. This caused a rebuild of Mail data with a long progress bar and restored functionality but only temporarily. After some time, generally after closing and reopening the clamshell on my MBP, Mail search fails again and requires a logout/login to fix. Search from Spotlight fails as well as from within Mail. I have Siri off, and has always been. I can't imagine what else could affect specifically Mail search when search works in other contexts, and worked previously. This problem affects a 2015 MBP and an older Mac Mini that fails after some time sleeping. Logout/login restores functionality here as well, but only temporarily.
As an online shopper, I regularly use Amazon to purchase lots of stuff.  When I reconcile my credit card spending, I use Mail.app to search all mailboxes for specific dollar figures (e.g. command-option F, then type 24.95). Prior to Big Sur, finding dollar figures in Mail.app worked perfectly, whether the email messages resided &quot;On My Mac&quot; or on iCloud.  However, since Big Sur, doing a global Mail.app search for numeric strings, especially with a decimal point, doesn't work reliably. For example, I'll do a global search in Mail.app for 65.88 and I'll get one result from a locally archived message from years ago, however a very recent message in my InBox containing that figure is not found.  When I do a single message search (command-F) looking for 65.88, the value IS found. Unsurprisingly, using Spotlight delivers the exact same results. Using mdutil, I've manually erased and rebuilt the Spotlight index, rebuilt my Mail.app mailboxes, deleted all ~/Library/Mail/V8/MailData/Envelope* files to force the Mail.app to re-import everything, and reinstalled Big Sur.  I've also confirmed all my Spotlight settings to assure that Mail and Messages are included in searches, and that the volume where my mail resides is not excluded.  Nothing worked. I should note that I am using one SSD for macOS, and a separate SSD for my Home directory (c/o &quot;Advanced Options&quot; under Users &amp; Groups).  I've had this setup well before Big Sur, again, without any issues. Interestingly, I tried using the Spark email app, which DID successfully find dollar figures without any issue.  I suspect that Spark is not relying on Spotlight to obtain search results, and that's why it works.  (I would use Spark, however it doesn't support local mailboxes.) I've already sent Apple a report using the Feedback Assistant, and I can only hope something will get fixed. Can anyone else confirm this issue with Mail.app on Big Sur?  Any ideas on what else I can do?
Creating your own Tinyurl style uid I'm writing a small article on humanly readable alternatives to Guids/UIDs, for example those used on TinyURL for the url hashes (which are often printed in magazines, so need to be short).  The simple uid I'm generating is - 6 characters: either a lowercase letter (a-z) or 0-9.   "According to my calculations captain", that's 6 mutually exclusive events, although calculating the probability of a clash gets a little harder than P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B), as obviously it includes numbers and from the code below, you can see it works out whether to use a number or letter using 50/50.  I'm interested in the clash rate and if the code below is a realistic simulation of anticipated clash rate you'd get from generating a hash. On average I get 40-50 clashes per million, however bare in mind the uid wouldn't be generated a million times at once, but probably only around 10-1000 times a minute.  What is the probability of a clash each time, and can anyone suggest a better way of doing it?  static Random _random = new Random();  public static void main() {     // Size of the key, 6     HashSet&lt;string&gt; set = new HashSet&lt;string&gt;();     int clashes = 0;     for (int n=0;n &lt; 1000000;n++)     {         StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();          for (int i =0;i &lt; 7;i++)         {             if (_random.NextDouble() &gt; 0.5)             {                 builder.Append((char)_random.Next(97,123));             }             else             {                 builder.Append(_random.Next(0,9).ToString());             }         }          if (set.Contains(builder.ToString()))         {             clashes++;             Console.WriteLine("clash: (" +n+ ")" +builder.ToString());         }          set.Add(builder.ToString());         _random.Next();         //Console.Write(builder.ToString());     }      Console.WriteLine("Clashes: " +clashes);     Console.ReadLine(); }   UPDATE:   from this question  I really asked two questions here so I was cheating. The answer I was after was rcar's, however Sklivvz's is also the answer to the 2nd part (an alternative). Is it possible to make a custom unique id generator in a database, or would it be client side (which would be 2 possible reads first)?  The general idea I was after was using Ids in databases or other stores that can be used by phone or printed material, not a giant 16 byte guid.  UPDATE 2: I put the formula for two mutually exclusive events above instead of 2 independent ones (as getting an 'a' the first time doesn't mean you can't get an 'a' the second time). Should've been P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B) I've got a secondary harddrive (a separate physical device, not a logical partition) specifically dedicated for the Virtual Memory paging file.  The drive is 3.5x larger than my RAM, so it's plenty large.  When I configure Windows 7's virtual memory to put the paging file on this second harddrive and not the same drive as the operating system, I'm warned,     If you disable the paging file or set the initial size to less than 800 megabytes and a system error occurs, Windows might not record details that could help identify the problem. Do you want to continue?   So in other words, if I get a Blue Screen of Death, I won't be able to investigate why, just because I put my paging file at a more efficient location.  The best explanation I can find from searching the web is that Windows just doesn't want to make error dumps on a drive separate from the operating system location.  Can anybody give me a less nonsense explanation for this?  I don't want to have to tell Windows, "Sure, go ahead and continue managing a paging file on the primary drive," just so I can get a debug dump, as that totally defeats the purpose of a physically separated paging file.  Is there a workaround to having my paging file on a separate drive and still get error dumps? How can I install a Canon printer or scanner driver? Print box drawing characters with pdfLaTeX I need to print some unicode characters (of box drawing family) in my document. I found this  that is very similar to mine but is valid only for XeLaTeX. There is a valid way to do this with pdfLaTeX or I have to use XeLaTeX instead? Cost increase and suspend Using regex inside if clause in bash Look at this if block:  #!/bin/bash  str="m.m" if [[ "${str}" =~ "m\.m" ]]; then     echo "matched" else     echo "not matched"     exit 1 fi  exit 0   This should print "matched", but it doesn't. Where am I going wrong? How to draw normal map? How can I draw (not bake) normal map over my model, like a texture in texture paint mode? Render cycles.  Thank you in advance! What licence is subscriber content provided under 4.0, 3.0 or them all? In the footer it says:     site design / logo © 2018 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under  with . rev 2018.8.7.31273   However, in the footer under Company > Legal > '6. Content Permissions, Restrictions, and Creative Commons Licensing' it instead doesn't specify which CC BY-SA licence we're releasing our content under. It also links to the CC BY-SA 4.0 license:     The CC-BY-SA Creative Commons license terms are explained in further detail by , but you should be aware that all Public Content you contribute is available for public copy and redistribution, and all such Public Content must have appropriate attribution.   Since  if subscriber content is only provided under 4.0, where the footer says 3.0 it can cause users to break the licences.  The footer under Area 51 also mentions that content is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5.  Since it's not defined which version of the license the content is provided under, I also interpret it to potentially mean all the versions.    What license is subscriber content licensed under? How can I return pivot table output in MySQL? Number of possible marriage arrangements if Marriage Condition is satisfied Suppose I have a set of $n$ boys and each subset of $1\leqslant k \leqslant n$ boys knows at least $k$ girls then this means that the set of boys $B$ satisfies the marriage condition.  I am doing an exercise from a Graph Theory book and it says we can show by induction on $n$ that the number of possible marriage arrangements is $\geqslant t!$ if every individual boy knows at least $t \leqslant n$ girls or there are $\geqslant t!/(t-n)!$ possible marriages if each individual boy knows at least $t&gt;n$ girls.   I am struggling to see how the induction hypothesis can be implemented to prove the $n+1$ case. When you swap from the $n$ to $n+1$ case the conditions change and I can't see the link between them.  Would anyone be able to point me in the right direction? Where are the review queue counters? The review queue counters have disappeared:        Where are they?  When I did screenshot the Close Votes queue was not empty, if someone think so. Find the probability that a geometric random variable $X$ is an even number If I know $\| f_n - f \|_{L^p(\mathbb{R})} \to 0$ as $n \to \infty$, do I know that $\lim_{n \to \infty}f_n(x) = f(x)$ for almost every $x$? Lock time not involved in MySQL slow query selection? I wish to analyze some read-write contentions problems on a very huge table where writes are very fast, less than 1ms in most case. The point is that the contention makes those write queries sometimes wait for the lock for a long time, i.e. hundreds of milliseconds. But the query itself remains very fast so it's not selected as a "slow query", which threshold is actually 10ms.  The only way to gather the information I need is to put à 0ms threshold so I can capture all queries, but it's not sustainable for more than 10mn on our production environment, where it would produce about 200MB of logs per minute.  In fact I can't understand why MySQL don't include the lock time, added to the execution time, for the slow query log selection process. At least, I wish there were an option for that.  Am I missing something ? How to enable numlock at boot time for login screen? I am trying to force numlock to be on upon initial boot at the login screen on Ubuntu 12.04. The only solutions I have found so far switch numlock on only after initial login.  I'm looking to force numlock to be on when the login screen is displayed, and before the user has logged in. Can anyone assist? Can airlines deny boarding if my port of entry is different than the country which issued the Schengen visa? Few days back I did a Europe tour from India. As stated by many (I haven't confirmed official documents), I can apply for a visa from the country which is either my first port of entry in this case Paris or the longest stay which in this case was Italy.  Now following is what happened with me.   My flight was New Delhi to Paris via Istanbul with Turkish Airlines I Traveled from New Delhi to Istanbul (no problem here). When I was boarding to flight Istanbul to Paris, zhe airlines officials (the ones who checks the boarding pass before boarding the flight) told me that I could not board the flight because my visa was issued by Italy and I need to go to Italy First. They were denying the longest stay option of the visa. Moreover NONE of the staff of Istanbul airport were able to understand English so I had to go to a lot of problems before I managed to get tickets to Venice. I somehow managed to fly to Venice from Istanbul after almost 24 hours of struggle at Istanbul airport (without food and water).   So, my question is do the airlines staff have a right to deny flight boarding in this case? Should an off-topic question always be downvoted? The upvote tooltip says:      This question shows research effort; it is useful and clear.   The downvote tooltip says:      This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful.   Sometimes, a question can show research effort, be useful, be clear, but just not in the good place. Voting to close the question and downvoting seems like a double penalty.  Should an off-topic question always be downvoted ? Let $n\geq 2$ and let $k$ be "considerably larger" than $n$ (like some large multiple of $n$). Then for each $i$ such that $0&lt;i&lt;n$ and $\gcd(i,n)=1$ let's define $$c_i=\left|\{p_j\;|\; p_j\equiv i \mod n,\;\mbox{where $p_j$ is the $j$-th prime, $1\leq j\leq k$}\}\right|$$ so $c_i$ represents how many of the first $k$ primes are congruent to $i$ modulo $n$.  What can we say about $c_i$s, that is about the distribution of the first $k$ primes modulo $n$?  I thought the distribution will be seemingly random, and that is mostly true - for example $c_i$s are always very close together. But there are observable non-random patterns. For example for $n=3$, for various $k$s I've tried  (up to $10^6$) I always got $c_2&gt;c_1$. If this were just some kind of random discrepancy due to distribution of small primes, it would eventually vanish for large $k$s, which I don't observe. Can a finite group act freely (as homeomorphisms) on $\mathbb R^n$ I am asking if whether or not a finite group acts freely (as homeomorphisms) on $\mathbb R^n$.  To answer in the negative, it suffices to show: for any homeomorphism $f$ such that $f^d=\text{id}_{\mathbb R^n}$, then $f$ has a fixed point.  I am looking for a complete self-contained answer. How can I do a Cache Refresh in Google Chrome? I don't know what exactly it's called, by cache refresh I mean, refresh the page after clearing its cache. I don't want to clear the entire browser cache.  I can't seem to cache refresh my pages. In Firefox, I know it to be Shift+Refresh.  In Chrome, I've tried Ctrl+R, Ctrl+Refresh, Alt+Refresh, Shift+Refresh but none of them work.