When I setup an email account in Mail seems like Mail insists on downloading the tens of thousands of emails I have between now and years way back. How do I tell it to sync only in a specific time range like 3 months for example?  Thanks
I just synced my Mountain Lion Mail app with my Exchange work email account in order to have it locally on my machine (rather than continuously going through the web interface). However, now Mail fetches all the mails since the very beginning (which are a couple of years).  Is there a way (like on iOS devices) to tell Mail to only sync the last month or something configurable amount based on message count, download size or other similar restriction to prevent all messages from being stored locally?
I once learnt, that it is uncool to use $$, but why is that? Why does \[ not act as a abbreviation to \begin{align}? I noticed, that there is a difference, since one cannot use &amp; and \\ inside a block started with \[. What exactly are genes, DNA and chromosomes. How do they relate to each other and what is their function? So I am new to biology and I have been reading, and searching the web, but I couldn't understand the whole framework of a cell. So as I understood:    A DNA, is a double chain of Nucleotides (A,T,G,C and a sugar) and a phosphate residue. Some parts of a DNA code a gene and some do not, exons and introns accordingly. As I understand it these the sequences of exons hold genes and the whole sequence is called genome. Now I read in the book Introduction to Computational Molecular Biology by J. C. Setubal and J. Meidanis. that I cite Each cell of an organism has a few very long DNA molecules. Each such molecule is called a chromosome. So each X shaped thing called a chromosome holds one DNA molecule?   Or is each "hand" of the chromosome one complete double helix of DNA so we have 23 pairs of such chromosomes? or is it that each we 23 pairs Xs?   Shouldn't we have just one uniquely identifiable DNA sequence? I am asking this, because I have also read that each chromosome encodes a different part of one's genome. Does this mean we have several DNA sequences?   This is really bothering me, since I can't figure out the correct structure of a cell.   EDIT: Now if each chromosome contains a pair of DNA helices. We have 46 chromosomes so overall within the cell there are 92 DNA sequences? All of which are the same? Or are they different? If they are different how do they code for different aspects of one's genome? The cardinality of $\{f\subseteq\mathbb R^2\mid f\colon\mathbb{R\to R}\text{ is a function}\}$ is strictly greater than the cardinality of $\mathbb R$ The AC adapter supplied with my laptop is designed to accept voltage in the range of 100-240VAC at 50-60Hz, but the AC cable that plugs into the adapter unit itself is only rated to 125VAC 7.5A 2.5A.  I know the adapter can accept 220V power, but is it safe to use this cable with the AC adapter to plug into a 220V socket?  Edit: The part in question is a 90W HP Smart AC Adapter.  The laptop does not cause the AC adapter to draw more than about 80 watts from the socket (as measured with a Kill A Watt meter).  Edit 2: The amperage rating of the cable as marked on the attached label is 2.5A, not 7.5A. How will learning about philosophy impact real-life? Examining the practical, impactful, real-life benefits of getting a degree in philosophy It is often asked, &quot;What is the practical use of philosophy?&quot; or &quot;How will learning about philosophy impact real-life?&quot; It is easy to see why there is such mystery surrounding the topic. Most schools up through high school may only offer 1 or 2 courses on it, if any. It is also often talked about in general conversation as a &quot;wishy-washy&quot; subject, often negatively, as though it contains no answers but only raises an endless series of questions. To add to this, those who hear of the subject but know very little of it may be surprised to see it offered at their university as a major. It is clear to most why some people would want to major in Computer science, Mathematics, or Physics. But what would a degree in philosophy get you? Number of integer solutions of $x^2 + y^2 = k$ I'm looking for some help disproving an answer provided on a  I posted about computing the number of double square combinations for a given integer.    The original question is from the Facebook Hacker Cup       Source: Facebook Hacker Cup   Qualification Round 2011      A double-square number is an integer $X$   which can be expressed as the sum of   two perfect squares. For example, 10   is a double-square because $10 = 3^2 + 1^2$.   Given $X$, how can we determine the   number of ways in which it can be   written as the sum of two squares? For   example, $10$ can only be written as $3^2 + 1^2$   (we don't count $1^2 + 3^2$ as being different). On the other hand,   $25$ can be written as $5^2 + 0^2$ or as   $4^2 + 3^2$.      You need to solve this problem for $0 \leq X \leq 2,147,483,647$.      Examples:      $10 \Rightarrow 1$      $25 \Rightarrow 2$      $3 \Rightarrow 0$      $0 \Rightarrow 1$      $1 \Rightarrow 1$   In response to my original question about optimizing this for F#, I got the following response which I'm unable to confirm solves the given problem correctly.       Source:       Again, the number of integer solutions   of $x^2 + y^2 = k$ is four times the   number of prime divisors of $k$ which   are equal to $1 \bmod 4$.      Knowing this, writing a program which   gives the number of solutions is easy:   compute prime numbers up to $46341$ once   and for all.      Given $k$, compute the prime divisors of   $k$ by using the above list (test up to   $\sqrt{k}$). Count the ones which are   equal to $1 \bmod 4$, and sum. Multiply   answer by $4$.   When I go through this algorithm for $25$, I get $8$ which is not correct.          For each prime factor (pf) of $25$ ($5$, $5$ are prime factors of $25$)         if pf % $4$ = $1$ (true for both $5$'s), add $1$ to count      return $4$ * count (count would be $2$ here).          So for $25$, this would be $8$ translation invariant of integral on $\mathbb{R}$ Problem 1: Let $f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})$, show $\int_\mathbb{R}f(t)dt=\int_{\mathbb{R}}f(x+t)dt,\forall x\in (-\infty, \infty)$.  Problem 2: Let $f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})$,show $\displaystyle \lim_{t\rightarrow 0}\int_{\mathbb{R}}|f(x+t)-f(x)|dx=0$.  My try for Problem 1:  Consider $\displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}}f(t)dt=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\int_{-n}^nf(t)dt=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\int_{\mathbb{R}}f_n(t)dt$, where $f_n(t)=f(t)\chi_{[-n,n]}$.  And since $dt=d(x+t)$, we have $\displaystyle \int_{-n}^nf(x+t)dt=\int_{-n+x}^{n+x}f(t)dt$.  So for each $x\in (-\infty,\infty)$,  $$ \begin{split} \int_{\mathbb{R}}f(t)-f(t+x)dt &amp;=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\int_{\mathbb{R}}f(t)(\chi_{[-n,n]}-\chi_{[-n+x,n+x]})dt\\ &amp;=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\int_{\mathbb{R}}f(t)(\chi_{[-n,-n+x]}-\chi_{[n,n+x]})dt\\ &amp;=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\lim_{k\rightarrow \infty}\int_\mathbb{R}\varphi_k(t)(\chi_{[-n,-n+x]}-\chi_{[n,n+x]})dt\\ &amp;=\lim_{k\rightarrow \infty}\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}\int_\mathbb{R}\varphi_k(t)(\chi_{[-n,-n+x]}-\chi_{[n,n+x]})dt \end{split} $$ where $\varphi_k(t)$ is simple function pointwise converges to $f(t)$, simple function vanish out of set of finite measure, so $\varphi_k(t)(\chi_{[-n,-n+x]}-\chi_{[n,n+x]})$ vanishes when $n$ big enough(is this right?)    Another try:  Since $f\in L^1$, $f$ is bounder a.e. so can be approximated by simple functions, and $\chi_{A+t}(x)=\chi_A(x-t)$,thus $$\int f(t)=\lim_n\int\varphi_n=\lim_n \sum_{i=1}^nc_i\mu(E_i)=\lim_n \sum_{i=1}^nc_i\mu(E_i-x)=\int f(t+x)$$  For problem 2, I guess they share the same method.   Any help or correction about these two problems? Thanks. how can I open a extra console and run a program in it with one command? So I know if I type gnome-terminal or xterm, a new window will be popped out. Then I checked the man page for these two, nothing relevant found.  Then I noticed under Mac you can do it with the program open. But it seems under Linux it's not that trivial.  Does anyone have experience? I've recently embarked on my PhD studies (cancer, structural biology) and have yet to publish. Currently, there are some 200 papers in my name and several thousand under my surname. Because of this, I am considering switching my surname to an old, rare, surname in my family, which is only used by one active researcher.  My question is this: are there any reasonable alternatives that does not include legally changing my name? I personally don't mind changing it, but the old surname happens to be "noble", and may come off as quite pretentious. I would be able to change to another, less pretentious, surname, but in terms of rareness, no alternative comes close.   In short, what are my alternatives? Evaluation of $$\sin \frac{\pi}{7}\cdot \sin \frac{2\pi}{7}\cdot \sin \frac{3\pi}{7} = $$   $\bf{My\; Try::}$ I have solved Using Direct formula::  $$\sin \frac{\pi}{n}\cdot \sin \frac{2\pi}{n}\cdot......\sin \frac{(n-1)\pi}{n} = \frac{n}{2^{n-1}}$$  Now Put $n=7\;,$ We get   $$\sin \frac{\pi}{7}\cdot \sin \frac{2\pi}{7}\cdot \sin \frac{3\pi}{7}\cdot \sin \frac{4\pi}{7}\cdot \sin \frac{5\pi}{7}\cdot \sin \frac{6\pi}{7}=\frac{7}{2^{7-1}}$$  So $$\sin \frac{\pi}{7}\cdot \sin \frac{2\pi}{7}\cdot \sin \frac{3\pi}{7} =\frac{\sqrt{7}}{8}$$  Now my question is how can we solve it without using Direct Formula, Help me  Thanks What is the best way to convert seconds into (Hour:Minutes:Seconds:Milliseconds) time? Can an integrated HDMI port work both ways? Say I had a laptop [Correction: notebook, don't want my thighs medium rare], any OS, and it has an HDMI port built into the side. Would it be remotely possible to hack it into an input, provided it wasn't already designed for that? I would figure all video ports operate straight off the graphics chip, however, are there ways to override that functionality on the driver level? Driver hacks already exist for plenty of things such as the classic example: Bluetooth adapters (so we can play with our PS3 controllers and save a buck) However, is HDMI one of these tamperable interfaces? As far as the interface standard is concerned, are HDMI ports designed to be either way or are they Input/Output specific? Is a GUID unique 100% of the time? setting up apache2 webserver -- differences between behaviour within my intranet and outside We have more than one content management system (eCommerce) running on our site and we want to know would it be wise to separate these systems and run on their own server for better performance, easier to manage and better for security, but our concern is the SEO impact.  Is it better to run site.com/this-is-our-other-platform/ or this-is-our-other-platform.site.com? Follow a pipe using less? Can less follow (by pressing F) a piped input (similarly to a file)? For a file that is being written to, the command  less &lt;file&gt;   will follow the file when pressing F.  But if I have a command that pipes output directly into less, like this  command | less   pressing F will do nothing.  So it looks like pipes cannot be followed like files can? Or maybe it has to do with command also writing to STDERR? The effect I'm trying to achieve is always see the latest output of the command: just like keeping PageDown pressed!  A related remark holds for G (go to end): when piping directly to less, it won't work. Why is it dangerous use a coiled extension cord Plotting a Continuous signal What is the rule to convert the 'mm' notation to the 'optical zoom' notation? I searched a bit and found this one:  optical zoom = maximum focal length / minimum focal length   For example a 18-55mm lens would have a 3x optical zoom, and a 18-200mm lens would have a 11x optical zoom. Is that right? Extracting only the BibTex records relevant to the paper My colleague asked me to write a page for a paper he writes. I wrote the page in LyX, compiled it to LaTeX, and sent him the TeX files. Then he reminded me that I forgot to send the .bib file with all the references.  But, my .bib file is huge - it contains over 1000 references (I have a global BiBTeX file for all my papers). The page I wrote uses only about 20 of them.  Is there an automatic way to extract from the bib file, only the records relevant to the current paper?