I have a Python function which converts Eastings and Northings to Latitude and Longitude if line_count == 0:                     keys = row                     print('keys', keys)                     line_count += 1                 else:                     inProj = Proj(init='epsg:27700') # British National Grid                     outProj = Proj(init='epsg:4326') # WGS84                     x1, y1 = row[1], row[2]  # easting, northing                     x2, y2 = transform(inProj, outProj, x1, y1)                     row[1], row[2] = y2, x2                                          json_doc = {}  At the moment it converts from epsg:27700 (British National Grid) to WGS84, however there is a possibility I will get TM75 Irish Grid too. Is there any way I can get Python to recognised which CRS is applicable for the conversion?
I have a Shapefile but its coordinate system is Unknown, and there is no *.prj file.   How can I identify it now?
What is the angle between those two matrices over $\mathbb{C}$? Let $\left&lt;\;,\;\right&gt;$ be an inner product defined by $\left&lt;A,B\right&gt;=$ tr$\left(A\overline{B}^{T}\right)$ over $M_n\left(\mathbb{C}\right).$  I am looking for the angle between: $$A=\begin{pmatrix}2+i &amp; 1\\-1&amp;0\end{pmatrix}\quad B=\begin{pmatrix}3-2i &amp; 1+i\\0 &amp; -i\end{pmatrix}$$  First we can see that:$$\overline{A}=\begin{pmatrix}2-i &amp; 1\\-1&amp;0\end{pmatrix}\quad \overline{B}=\begin{pmatrix}3+2i &amp; 1-i\\0 &amp; i\end{pmatrix}$$  $$\Downarrow$$  $$\overline{A}^T=\begin{pmatrix}2-i &amp; -1\\1&amp;0\end{pmatrix}\quad \overline{B}^T=\begin{pmatrix}3+2i &amp; 0\\1-i &amp; i\end{pmatrix}$$  And therefore:   $\left&lt;A,B\right&gt;=$ tr$\left(A\overline{B}^{T}\right)=\left(2+i\right)\left(3+2i\right)+1-i=5+6i$ $\left&lt;A,A\right&gt;=\left(2+i\right)\left(2-i\right)+1+1=7$ $\left&lt;B,B\right&gt;=\left(3-2i\right)\left(3+2i\right)+\left(1+i\right)\left(1-i\right)+1=16$   Now as the angle between any two vectors is defined we get that: $$\cos{\alpha}=\frac{\left&lt;A,B\right&gt;}{\Vert{A}\Vert\Vert{B}\Vert}=\frac{5+6i}{\sqrt{112}}$$  $$\Downarrow$$  $$\alpha = \;?$$  I didn't even know a complex number could be an image for the cosine function.  Thanks for any help. What is actually the characteristic length in fluid dynamics description? In many fluid-dynamics models and quantities (, ... generally various  descriptions) there is a parameter (usually $L$ or $\ell$) descripted as characteristic linear dimension or characteristic length. What is that in intuitive and physical meaning? I understand the typical examples ( etc.) but I can't see so far any systematic generalisation.  What is the definition? (Or, maybe: What is its role during the derivation?) Finding the fallacy in this broken proof Today, a friend gave me a "proof" of $1=2$ and challenged me to find the fallacy.     $1 = 1$      $1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 ...$      $1 = 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 ...$      $1 = 2 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 ...$      $1 = 2 + 0 + 0 ...$      $1 = 2$   My answer was that once you turn the initial $1 + 1$ into a 2, everything is offset so a $-1$ is always left at the end no matter how many times it is repeated. This negative one balances out the $2$ at the beginning so $1=1$ still holds true. I.e.  $$1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 ... = 1 + (1 - 1) + (1 - 1) + (1 - 1) = 2 + (-1 + 1) + (-1 + 1) - 1$$  However, my friend claimed that my answer only applies if the $+ 1 - 1$ repeats for a finite number of times. He argues that because the sequence repeats infinitely and things work differently when working with infinity, my answer is not valid.  Can anyone enlighten me to the true fallacy in this proof? Currentsection TOC in scrartcl? I like to get a toc at beginning of some of my sections, like in beamer where I can use \tableofcontents[currentsection] is there a possibility in scrartcl?  Something like this:  \documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{scrartcl} \usepackage[ngerman]{babel}  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}  \begin{document}  \tableofcontents %complete  \section{First}  \section{Second} \tableofcontents %just subsection and subsubsection \subsection{SecondSub} \subsubsection{please} \subsection{this} \subsection{SecondSub2} \subsection{parts}  \section{Third} \subsection{another}  \end{document}   Looks like:  Inhaltsverzeichnis %complete  1 First  2 Second 2.1 SecondSub.......................2 2.1.1 please........................2 2.1.2 this..........................2 2.2. SecondSub2.....................3 2.2.1 parts.........................4  3 Third 3.1 another ........................5   1 First  2 Second  Inhaltsverzeichnis %just subsection and subsubsection 2.1 SecondSub.......................2  2.1.1 please........................2  2.1.2 this..........................2 2.2. SecondSub2.....................3  2.2.1 parts.........................4  2.1 SecondSub  2.1.1 please   2.1.2 this  2.2. SecondSub2  2.2.1 parts   3 Third  3.1 another How to call a space in which every G$_\kappa$-set is open Recall that in a topological space $X$, we say that a subset $A\subset X$ is a G$_\delta$-set if $A$ is the intersection of countably many open sets of $X$. Also, we say that $X$ is a  if G$_\delta$-sets are open.  Now, call as G$_\kappa$-set the intersection of $\kappa$ many open sets, where $\kappa\geq\aleph_0$ is a cardinal. I would like to know if there is some standard name for those spaces in which G$_\kappa$-sets are open, for a fixed cardinal $\kappa\geq \aleph_0.$  Motivation: this kind of space arose in my PhD thesis, but I do not know any references in which they appear. I'm temporary calling them as $P_\kappa$-spaces. A command-line or batch cmd to concatenate multiple files I have 50 text files in one directory.  Is there a Windows command-line method to concatenate those files into a single file?  I am using .  I don't want to type the name of all files. When you click on the Opportunities tab, (assuming you haven't modified standard salesforce layout), you see a "Recent Opportunities" list. At the top of the list, there is a "New" button.     Is there a way to hide the "New" button displayed on this page? I have tried disabling the button on the "Opportunity List View" Search Layout[Setup -> App Setup -> Opportunities -> Search Layouts], but it does not remove the button from this particular view. If I roll two fair dice, the probability that I would get at least one 6 would be.... I want to create buffer polygon(with curved edges) from  points like this using ArcGIS for Desktop.   distance toward North from a point 5, toward South 1.5, toward west 1, toward East 2.   all this distance is attached as attribute in point in different fields. I am working on a Drupal mulsite project (using single database) and using Google Analytics module for this.  I have follow the below steps for GA configuration:   Created a domain name example1.com and a sub-domain name example2.com. Create an account on GA and create property for both of this domain name in GA account. Both property give me two different Tracking ID (same as below screenshot).      Into the configuration setting of GA from drupal admin section I have added Web Property ID of example1.com and into domain setting added both the domain name example1.com and example2.com into the section of List of top-level domains (a same as attached screenshot).      Now this configuration is only working for emample1.com, not for example2.com. So can anyone please tell me how can I use Web Property ID of domain exmaple2.php to get the result? Prove that $(\mathbb{Z}_n , +)$, the integers $\pmod{n}$ under addition, is a group. Prove that $(\mathbb{Z}_n , +)$, the integers  $\pmod{n}$ under addition, is a group.  To show that this is a group, I know I need to show three things (in our text, we do not need to show that addition is closed-- rather, we show these three items):  $(a)$ Associative Law  $(b)$ Existence of Identity  $(c)$ Existence of Inverse  This is what I have been working with so far:     $(a)$ Associative Law:   First, assume that $n$ is a composite number and that $a,b \in \mathbb{Z}$ s.t. $a=nx$ and $b=ny$ for some integers, $x$ and $y$. Then $a+nx+nx=n(x+y)$.     So, this is where I am stuck for the Associative Law. I'm not sure if I am headed down the correct path to show that $\mathbb{Z}_n$ is associative.      $(b)$ Existence of Identity:   Generally, when showing the existence of an identity we can use this information for addition :  $a + 0 = 0 + a =a$.    I am unsure how to insert the modular portion of the definition into the existence of this identity. I realize that for addition, we generally look at $0$ (rather than $1$ for multiplication).     $(c)$ Existence of Inverse: I need to show that for each element $a \in \mathbb{Z}_n$ that $a^{-1}=-a$. Again, I do not know how to insert the modular portion of definition into this aspect of the proof.   My question is how to incorporate this modular information into the proof that this is a group. We have not covered the integers modulo $n$, binary operations, nor groups in my intro to proofs course. I am trying to read my text to figure out how to prove this, but have a difficult time reading and interpreting math speak. Counting traversed arcs on routes to write attributes using ArcGIS for Desktop? I have number of persons located on a road network and I have calculated their shortest distance to a particular location.  From the routes output created from Closest Facility can I   break the routes down into the individual arcs traversed by each person? assign each arc a count attribute indicating the number of individuals who use that arc to get to their destination?   I am using Network Analyst in ArcGIS 10.2 for Desktop. Can we create a subsection of the References Cited section with different reference numbering? I need to add some more publications. I do not want to change the previous reference numbers, so I need to create new citations with difference reference numbering like [p1], [p2], etc. Can LaTeX do that? How to move windows that open up offscreen? I have a dual monitor setup, and I recently played around with the positioning settings, and some of my single window applications do the favour of preserving where they were last closed, and opening in the same position later. Unfortunately, that now places them out of the viewable area of my screens!  Is there some way to force a particular window into the viewable area? Is it correct to sometimes capitalize words mid-sentence in computer user interfaces? adding an item to filtered table My project has a table with '+add' button and filtering. The add button opens a dialog to add item, and then to 'save' which closes it too Today I noticed the following flow:  Filter table on subject with value 'dummySubject'  Add new item with subject 'somethingelse'  save and close the new item ==&gt; the new item is shown in the table   So the outcome is that an item that does not qualify the filtering appears in the table. When I asked around I got the following answer  We don't want the new item to 'disappear' on creation just because it does not qualify the filtering. So we display it If you filter again, it will disappear as it should  I can almost understand that logic, but still it sounds wrong. I would rather have like a toaster saying 'new item create' with a 'goto' link. My question is  is the current user experience considered a reasonable one? what is the best practice way to handle such scenario?      &ndash; Wireframes created with How does Java Garbage Collection work with Circular References? Loading custom configuration files I know I can open config files that are related to an assembly with the static ConfigurationManager.OpenExe(exePath) method but I just want to open a config that is not related to an assembly. Just a standard .NET config file. every permutation is either even or odd,but not both How we can show every permutation is either even or odd,but not both......I can't arrive at a proof for this ..... Can anybody give me the proof...  Thanks in advance... I want to run an app in 'kiosk' mode for public unattended access via touch screen (no mouse or keyboard attached). I can already automate a network user logon and then the app launches (but only in last state - not necessarily full screen - which I want) I know with Workgroup Manager you can hide the dock, use simple Finder etc...but need something more powerful. Ideally it needs to monitor if the app crashes out and restart it / log limited user off and back on again.  Thanks  Phil