I am using Overleaf to compile .tex files but sometimes it take too much time.  Is there a software that can compile .tex files instantly??
Usually I don't mind about LaTeX's compilation speed, because a paper of less than 20 pages is compiled rather fast.  However, I am working on a large document - A report with more than 80 pages.  Compilation times are starting to slow me down.  I saw the couple of answers here on this topic, but most of my graphics are external and I don't use Tikz.  As a matter of fact, I'm not sure what's slowing the compilation down, other than the amount of text and required layout.   What's your best speeding-tex-up trick, other than externalizing graphics and pre-compiling the preamble? How can I know what's slowing TeX down?
The sentence     Women driving cars is, of course, such a foreign sight to a society like   Saudi Arabia   The subject is not "women" (otherwise, the verb would have been 'are'); the subject, as I mean to use it, is the rarity of seeing women driving cars. The subject, in other words, is "women driving cars" as a thing. Does this give me licence to use 'is' here? Thank you. How can I see flags I cast from all sites? This morning I flagged something on one of the sites where I have fairly low rep. Now I can't remember which site it was. I've checked my flag history on about half of them, even editing the URL for the site where I have no helpful flags, and I can't find this flag. I've been to my network profile and looked at the Activity tab, but it only shows public things like asking, answering, commenting, editing, and reviewing.  Is there a way to see my flagging history across sites? Can we have such a feature, if it's not possible? The external Flash is not showing up in the configuration Menu when using Pixel TF-321 hot shoe. Is this the wrong adapter for that camera, as there is no X connection? I want to trigger a studio flash via sync connection. Can you recommend me a working hot shoe? Thanks! How does the "this" keyword work? I work with QGIS 2.10.1 on Windows 7 (x64). I have dissolved polygons from an attribute value and the polygons geometries being not perfectly joined together, I get some 'garbage' nodes I need to delete. I have tried to edit the layer and using nodes tool, selecting and deleting the nodes, but it seems impossible to do (nodes are not deleted at all!). Any idea on how to process this kind of clean-up?  EDIT : you can  for testing. simple process builder failing with error "failed to access the value for variable because it hasn't been set or assigned" Note: This error might look like a familiar error but the   resolution mentioned in the  is not working in the below case and I am not sure why, hence posting this question.   Problem description:   I have a process builder on case object set to fire for every time new record is created. Criteria is set to 'Formula evaluates to True' with below formula: AND(NOT(ISBLANK([Case].AccountId)),ISPICKVAL([Case].Account.Active__c,'Yes')) With immediate action set to update custom field on the Case object. Custom field Active__c on the Account object is type picklist with two possible values 'yes' and 'no'.   Screenshots of the process builder:        Creating a case as shown in the below screenshot with very minimal details and especially not populating account details:    Throws below error:     The flow failed to access the value for   myVariable_current.Account.Active__c because it hasn't been set or   assigned.   Relevant data from log file:     22:14:31.0 (12479016)|WF_FLOW_ACTION_BEGIN|09L370000000FEJ 22:14:31.13   (13607478)|FLOW_CREATE_INTERVIEW_BEGIN|00D37000000H8hr|300370000008ZTl|301370000004weE   22:14:31.13   (15394571)|FLOW_CREATE_INTERVIEW_END|5525dfa7819c33f438ce3cef9b6c15c668d8ff2-3d11|Test   22:14:31.15 (15820974)|FLOW_START_INTERVIEWS_BEGIN|1 22:14:31.15   (16674702)|FLOW_START_INTERVIEW_BEGIN|5525dfa7819c33f438ce3cef9b6c15c668d8ff2-3d11|Test   22:14:31.15 (35470120)|FLOW_ELEMENT_ERROR|The flow failed to access   the value for myVariable_current.Account.Active__c because it hasn't   been set or assigned.|| 22:14:31.15   (35479812)|FLOW_START_INTERVIEW_END|5525dfa7819c33f438ce3cef9b6c15c668d8ff2-3d11|Test 22:14:31.15 (35517783)|FLOW_START_INTERVIEWS_END|Interview error.   Aborting all.|5525dfa7819c33f438ce3cef9b6c15c668d8ff2-3d11|Test   22:14:31.15 (35528335)|FLOW_START_INTERVIEWS_END|1 22:14:31.0   (35588898)|WF_FLOW_ACTION_ERROR|09L370000000FEJ|300370000008ZTl|Error   executing flow: test, FlowDefId: 300370000008ZTl, FlowVersionId:   301370000004weE 22:14:31.0   (35612585)|WF_FLOW_ACTION_ERROR_DETAIL|An unhandled fault has   occurred in this flowAn unhandled fault has occurred while   processing the flow.  Please contact your system administrator for   more information. 22:14:31.0   (35683203)|WF_FLOW_ACTION_END|09L370000000FEJ   URL to the complete debug log :  (Note: You can see from the log that there are no other workflow rules or triggers on the case object).  My analysis: When the first condition inside the AND expression is evaluating as false, why is it trying to evaluating the second condition to check the custom field on the Account object? It shouldn't right?  Any help?  EDIT: I am looking to solve this using option 'Formula Evaluates to True' only because I have other complex criteria like checking the day(Mon vs Tue and etc) of the case creation. At work today, I came across the volatile keyword in Java. Not being very familiar with it, I found . Given the detail in which that article explains the keyword in question, do you ever use it or could you ever see a case in which you could use this keyword in the correct manner? Link renders differently on client and server side when preceded by a special character When editing a question on , I observed that a link which was not rendered in the post was hyperlinked in the edit preview (see pictures below). I tried reproducing it in the  to see if this also happens when the post is posted for the first time and observed the same. It seems to be a bug after the shift to CommonMark, leading to the different rendering of links on client and server-side. A link following a special character (without any space) is not hyperlinked in the post but is hyperlinked in the preview. A link separated from the special character with a white space appears to have no such problem. (see pictures below and my ). Link not hyperlinked in post  Same link hyperlinked in preview Let $G = (\mathbb{C} - \{0\}, \cdot)$, a subgroup $U = \{x+yi \mid x^2 + y^2 = 1\}$. Use the Fundamental Theorem to show that $G/(\mathbb{R}_{&gt; 0},\cdot)$ is isomorphic to $U$ where $\mathbb{R}_{&gt; 0}$ denotes the positive reals.  I am struggling to find the correct mapping from $G$ to $U$ that results in the the kernel being the nonnegative reals under multiplication. I'm hoping to get help with this mapping then I can show it is a homomorphism and onto and can use the Fundamental Theorem. Non-perpendicular hyperplane decision trees The usual implementation of decision trees, and estimators based on ensembles of decision trees, use decision trees that threshold on a single predictor at each split. So they divide the feature space into perpendicular hyperlanes.  Is there any benefit to generalizing this a tiny bit. So at each split, the decision tree uses 2 features, and thresholds based on whether $ax_1 + bx_2 \ge T$. In other words, the feature space is now getting divided into hyperplanes that are not necessarily perpendicular.   I think the main disadvantages would be:    increased computation, and  overfitting since now using more degrees of freedom   I guess to help both of these issues, randomization could be used analogous to extra trees. The pair of features could be randomly selected, instead of exhaustively trying every pair, and the threshold T and parameters a and b could be chosen randomly as well (perhaps from a set of few discrete values such that the hyperplanes could have a few orientations).  Are there some cases where you think these non-perpendicular decision trees would be an improvement over the regular implementation of various decision tree algorithms? What did Bill do to make Hanzo mad? During kill Bill, we learn that all the black mamba had to do to get Hanzo to build her a sword, was to mention Bill's name.  When black mamba meets Bill at the end, she tells him that all she did was mention his name. Bill responds with, "that'll do it!"  So what was it that Bill did to Hanzo to make him come out of retirement and make another weapon of death? Why do we say "It's time we ate" and not "It's time we eat"? Why do we use the simple past but not the present or future in the following expressions:  Don't you think it's time we went a little further Don't you think it's time we ate Don't you think it's time we went home Is this a dismissal by hit wicket? Consider the following situation,     A batsman's bat breaks while hitting the ball after which a piece of the   bat flies in the air, hits the stumps and the bails fall down.   Is this a dismissal by hit wicket? Installing to SDCard by default When should static_cast, dynamic_cast, const_cast and reinterpret_cast be used? If friction acts on car all time, why is it not accelerating forever? In the first gear, slowly releasing my clutch i push the gas pedal to the maximum torque level, say at 2000 rpm. Now as the engine torque is acting on the wheel, friction helps the car to accelerate.   If i hold the gas pedal at that position, the torque should continuously act on the wheel and the car should increase speed forever. But in reality even if we put the gas pedal at the max.torque rpm range in first gear it speeds up to certain wheel rpm (say 500rpm) and it stays there only. Why? Application of Liouville's Theorem Let $f(z)$ be an entire function such that $$|f(z)|&lt;\frac{1}{|\text{Im}(z)|},\qquad z\in\Bbb C-\Bbb R.$$ The question asked me to prove that $f(z)=0$. At least looking at it, it really seems to have an application of Liouville's theorem lurking around somewhere, but I haven't found it.   My thoughts first led me to think about doing this by contradiction and using Picard's little theorem. So, I've considered a strip containing the real axis (say of width $2$ for simplicity). This will imply the complement maps into the unit disk, which implies that this strip has to map almost everywhere else on the complex plane. Now, on the imaginary axis, I know that $f(z)$ will vanish as $z\to\infty$, and this seems like it might be useful. I'm sort of under the impression $f(z)$ might have an essential singularity at $\infty$, which would mean $f(1/z)$ has an essential singularity at $0$. Either way, it of course can't have a pole at $\infty$ because of $f(z)$ vanishing on the imaginary axis, and if it is a removable singularity, it must be $0$, which still gives the solution. Therefore, I think it must have something to do with $f(z)$ having an essential singularity at $\infty$.   I was hoping to combine this with the above inequality and deduce a contradiction, but I haven't thought of one yet.   Any hints or suggestions? I'm studying for a prelim. exam, so this isn't homework.  Update: So, in the spirit of searching methods using the essential singularity at $z=0$, we have $$\left|f\left(\frac{1}{z}\right)\right|\leq\frac{1}{\left|\text{Im}\left(\frac{1}{z}\right)\right|}=\frac{|z|^2}{|y|}.$$ Thus, for $|y|&gt;1$, we have $$\left|f\left(\frac{1}{z}\right)\right|&lt;|y|\left|f\left(\frac{1}{z}\right)\right|&lt;|z|^2.$$ Thus, if I can show that $|f(1/z)|$ is a polynomial, we'll know it can't have an essential singularity at the origin, concluding my proof. Package dbus is not configured yet For an ecology project, my lab group added vinegar to 4 tanks containing equal volumes of pond water, 1 control with no elodea (an aquatic plant) and 3 treatments with the same amount of elodea in each. The purpose of adding the vinegar was to reduce the pH. The hypothesis was that the tanks with elodea would go back to their normal pH quicker. This was indeed the case. We measured the pH of each tank daily for about two weeks. All the tanks eventually returned to their natural pH, but the length of time that this took was much shorter for the tanks with elodea.  When we told our professor about our experimental design, he said that there exists no statistical test that can be performed on the data to compare the control to the treatment. That because there was no replicate for the control (we only used one control tank) we cannot calculate variance and so we can't compare the sample means of the control and the treatment. So my question is, is this true? I definitely understand what he means. For example, if you took the height of one man and one woman, you can't draw conclusions about their respective populations. But we did 3 treatments, and the variance was small. It seems reasonable to assume that the variance would be similar in the control?  Update:  Thank you for the excellent answer. We got more water and elodea from the wetland and decided we would run the experiment again with smaller tanks but this time with 5 controls and 5 treatments. We were going to combine this with our original data but the starting pH of the tanks was different enough that it doesn't seem valid to consider the new experiment to be sampled from the same population as the original experiment.  We considered adding different amounts of elodea and trying to correlate speed of pH remediation (measured as time elapsed until pH returned to its original value) with amount of elodea, but we decided that wasn't necessary. Our objective is only to show that the elodea makes a positive difference, not to construct some kind of predictive model for exactly how the pH responds to differing amounts of elodea. It would be interesting to determine the optimal amount of elodea, but that's probably just the maximum amount that can survive. Trying to fit a regression curve to the data wouldn't be especially illuminating because of the various complicated changes that occur to the community when adding a large amount. The elodea dies, decomposes, new organisms start to dominate, and so on. How do I get transparency to work with the Principled BSDF shader? How do I get the Cycles Principled BSDF shader to support a base color image such as a 32bit png with alpha or a tga with an alpha channel, and get the transparency to work. I don't see anywhere on the Principled BSDF shader that handles transparency.  Without success, I have tried:   Properties Editor>Render tab>Film rollout>Transparent Properties Editor>Material tab>Settings rollout>Viewport Alpha (changing to other than Opaque). Adding a Transparent BSDF and Diffuse BSDF after the base color image node and using a Mix Shader to combine them.