I would like to send email to my boss About exam of the course she told me to take it.  Dear Mrs. Jeny,  I hope my email find you well.  I would like to inform inform you that I have passed the science test ..  Or   I would like to inform you that I had passed the science test .  Kindest regards,  Cathren
Non-na­tive speak­ers of­ten get con­fused about what the var­i­ous tens­es  and as­pects mean in English. With in­put from some of the folk here I've put to­geth­er a di­a­gram that I hope will pro­vide some clar­i­ty on the mat­ter.  I of­fer it as the first an­swer to this ques­tion. Con­sid­er it a liv­ing doc­u­ment. In­put is wel­come, and good sug­ges­tions will be  in­cor­po­rat­ed in­to the di­a­gram.    No­ta bene: What this is not is a dis­cus­sion of whether there are  more than two tens­es in English. , to which this ques­tion is not in­tend­ed to sup­ply ar­gu­ments one way or the oth­er.  Here, the aim is to pro­vide an overview of what con­struc­tions English-speak­ing peo­ple use for con­vey­ing in­for­ma­tion about ac­tions re­fer­ring to past, present, and fu­ture, and to pro­vide it first and fore­most to pre­cise­ly the peo­ple who are like­ly to use "tense" as a catch-all term in their search, rather than to lin­guists who know bet­ter.  Break­ing News There is now an ex­cel­lent ELU blog ar­ti­cle ti­tled  . It is high­ly rec­om­mend­ed read­ing.
I just started in Griffith's Introduction to electrodynamics and I stumbled upon the divergence of $\frac{ \hat r}{r^2} \equiv \frac{{\bf r}}{r^3}$, now from the book, Griffiths says:  Now what is the paradox, exactly? Ignoring any physical intuition behind this (point charge at the origin) how are we supposed to believe that the source of $\vec v$ is concentrated at the origin mathematically? Or are we forced to believe that because there was a contradiction with the divergence theorem? Also how would the situation differ if $\vec v$ was the same vector function but not for a point charge? Or is it impossible? I know that $S_n$ is generated by a number of things, like all transpositions, all transpositions of the form $(1\,a)$, the transpositions $(1\,2),(2\,3),\dots,(n-1\, n)$, and  just the two elements $(123\dots n),(1\,2)$.      Suppose $n$ is prime. If you just have $(123\dots n)$ and some arbitrary transposition $(a\, b)$, how does this also generate $S_n$?    Can you somehow get to $(1\,2)$ or reduce it to some other previous case? How to troubleshoot booting to a black screen on VirtualBox I was using 13.04 as a guest OS on my VirtualBox 14.2.18. Host is Windows 8. After upgrade to 13.10 Ubuntu does not start. I can see a black screen and blinking cursor. I am pretty new to Ubuntu. I suspect a problem with graphics drivers. I can access tty and all files (/home) are there. Which equals operator (== vs ===) should be used in JavaScript comparisons? What lens characteristics are important in star photography? How to launch the default (native) application for a given file from Java? What is the value of $p^2q + q^2r + r^2p$ for the given cubic equation? If p,q,r are the real roots of the equation $x^3-6x^2+3x+1=0$ then find the value of $p^2q + q^2r + r^2p$?  My Attempt: I tried $(p+q+r)(pq+qr+rp)$ but couldn't really figure out what to do with the extra terms. The roots are also not trivial to find. Any help would be appreciated. Is it possible to restore a MySql database only using files from Data directory? I have a mysql installed inside a windows virtual machine. The hard drive was crashed and the system is not able to restore all again. But I can have access to entire c: ROOT. So I went to  c:/ProgramData/Mysql/Mysql Server 5.5/data/myDatabaseName    There I can see different files like: .frm, .opt, .trg and .trn. In a regular way, I could run a mysqldump to backup and restore all database from command line, but the system is not able to be restored. So I had to copy all these files and past inside inside the same  directory inside same database in another physical instance.   The issue is some tables are not been recognized by this new instance. So I think copy and past is not enough to restore the database.   What am I missing?    Note: Database has innoDb and Myisam tables. How to create a .deb file with dependency? I have a game made with the LÖVE framework and I want to package it into a .deb file so it can be easily installed by others and be easily findable through the Unity dash for example.   I also have the LÖVE framework love_0.7.2.deb which I want to be in the deb file also somehow.  Files that I have:  game_icon.png game .desktop the_game.love love_0.7.2.deb   Could someone explain to me how to do this? A book on quantum mechanics supported by the high-level mathematics I'm trying to create a join/relate in QGIS where I have a shapefile of buildings and to that I would like to join a non-spatial table (.csv-file) containing people who work in each building. So I have multiple records in my table that I would like to be able to join to my single features in my shapefile. I can only run a join in QGIS where the first record is joined to the shapefile feature (ie building) but subsequent records get removed. Could someone let me know how to complete this join/relate in QGIS? Can we apply for a Schengen tourist visa while visiting another country on a short-stay visa? Method for determining irreducibles and factorising in $\mathbb Z[\sqrt{d}]$ I know that $\mathbb Z[\sqrt{7}]$ is a UFD, and I can write the equation $(2 + \sqrt{7})(3 - 2\sqrt{7}) = (5 - 2\sqrt{7})(18 + 7\sqrt{7}) $. So clearly these are not all irreducibles. How do I determine which of these aren't irreducible? How do I factor those into irreducibles?  It seems difficult when dealing with $\mathbb Z [\sqrt{d}] $ with $d$ positive, since the norm map isn't as nice (it's not always positive).  Thanks How can I get a complete list of fields for a standard object? I am new to Apex, but it is apparent to me that most (if not all) standard objects probably have an ID field. However, this field does not appear in the reference for the standard objects in the Soap API Developer's Guide. Instead, it reads:     To verify the complete list of fields for an object, you can use a   describe call from the API, or inspect with an appropriate tool, for   example, inspecting the WSDL or using a schema viewer.   If I want to find out for sure whether an object has an ID field, or what the field is named (is it ID, Identifier, id, etc), it sounds like I need to use a "describe call" or "an appropriate tool" or inspect the "WSDL" using a "schema viewer".  Now, I am an experienced software developer, but those solutions are so ambiguous I have no idea where to look next to figure out how to get an object's ID. Can anybody either refer me to more specific documentation, or explain how to find the complete field documentation via a "describe call", "appropriate tool", or "schema viewer"? What is the antiderivative of $x^{x^{x^{x...}}}$? What is $\int{x^{x^{x^{x^{\dots }}}}dx}$? I managed to get it down to a complicated series after using $u$-substitution, but I want to see other methods of approach, or if my answer was right.   First I let $$u=x^{x^{x^{x^{\dots }}}}$$, and $du$ would be, in terms of $u$, $$du=  \frac{u}{\frac{1-ln(u)}{u}e^{ln(u)/u}}$$ This makes the integral of $$\int{x^{x^{x^{x^{\dots }}}}dx}=\int \frac{1 - ln(u)}{u}{e^{ln(u)/u} }du$$ Now making $w = ln(u), dw$ becomes $1/u$ and the integral becomes $$\int e^{w/e^{w}}(1-w)dw$$ From there, I distributed and made $2$ integrals of series, using the Taylor polynomial for $e^x$. From there, I integrated and back substituted. I was only trying to find the indefinite integral.   I'm still a junior in high school, so let me know if the answer is beyond my scope of understanding. Is it possible to link multiple leaders lines to one piece of annotation?  I'm working in ArcGIS 10.2 Desktop Advanced with non-feature linked geodatabase annotation. I have hundreds of numbers labeling various polygons, but some polygons share a number. Instead of creating multiple numbers/annotations for each polygon I'd like to have one number with multiple lines pointing to each polygon.   So, in the image below, the number 5 corresponds to multiple polygons. Here I've moved 5 from it's ideal location to show that the second leader line is not connected to the number annotation. My workaround has been to create another piece of geodatabase annotation with a blank text string to serve as a placeholder for a leader line. The other option was to use map/graphic annotation to create the second leader line, but with the multiple disadvantages of not being in the same annotation feature class as the number annotation.    My goal would be for each piece of number annotation to be connected to multiple leader lines like appears below. SELECT GETDATE()   Returns: 2008-09-22 15:24:13.790  I want that date part without the time part: 2008-09-22 00:00:00.000  How can I get that? Where is the dimensions option? error: file '/grub/i386-pc/normal.mod' not found. grub rescue&gt;   What can I do? I just sit and stare at it.   I found my old netbook (Dell Inspiron 1010) which I have not used for about four years. I replaced Windows XP with Ubuntu 12.10. I used my bootable USB drive. I installed and rebooted. I got the message that normal.mod is not found.   What should I do? Type exit, reboot, or quit? Should I re-install? You require a reputation of 50 to leave comments on others' questions/answers; the FAQ simply states this as a fact but does not explain it. I'm a new user and I have identified this as an issue very quickly through my own experiences so far. Looking at other questions seems to also provide justification against this 50 reputation requirement for comments on others' questions/answers.      In my own experience, I've seen a few questions like "how do I do x?" then the same poster has answered with "in the end I did it like this: ..." where their solution was perfectly sensible, but there may be some gotchas to watch for - in this case I want to vote up their answer and/or comment on it to point out the potential gotchas, but I can do neither!  To me all of the above seems justification against this rep requirement to comment, so what is the counter-argument and justification for it?