Since I upgraded from Ubuntu 17.10 to Ubuntu 18.04 whenever I open Thunderbird there is a globe icon, and sometimes also  headphones icon, appearing in my list of new emails.     These icons hide the titles of my emails. When I move the mouse over the icons they partially disappear. When I scroll down there is another globe icon further down the list.
From my old HD (Ubuntu 16.04) I copied ~/.thunderbird and other programs to the new disk with Ubuntu 18.04 installed. All went good. I tried to install Opera. The installation was unsuccessful, a window asking something was held. After that Thunderbird Local Folders -> Inbox (only) was invaded by large icons like this screenshot  Flowers, plants, trucks and others. I restarted but those images are still there. Opera was successfully installed. What can I do to remove them?
PHP: How do I loop through every XML file in a directory? Masking NetCDF time series data from shapefile using Python I have a 3-D time-series precipitation data (187 x 1800 x 3600), stored in a NetCDF file. I need to obtain the precipitation data for a shapefile. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from netCDF4 import Dataset, num2date,  from matplotlib.pyplot import figure from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta import numpy as np import xarray as xr import pandas as pd import geopandas as gpd       MSWEP_monthly = 'D:\G3P\DATA\Models\MSWEP\MSWEP_monthly.nc4'  MSWEP_monthly = Dataset(MSWEP_monthly, 'r') Pre_MSWEP = MSWEP_monthly.variables['precipitation'][:]   MSWEP_monthly2 = xr.open_dataarray('D:\G3P\DATA\Models\MSWEP\MSWEP_monthly.nc4')  Lon_MSWEP = MSWEP_monthly2.lon Lat_MSWEP = MSWEP_monthly2.lat  Africa_Shape = gpd.read_file('D:\G3P\DATA\Shapefile\Africa_SHP\Africa.shp')    from osgeo import gdal,osr,ogr  def makeMask(lon,lat,res):     source_ds = ogr.Open(shapefile)     source_layer = source_ds.GetLayer()       # Create high res raster in memory     mem_ds = gdal.GetDriverByName('MEM').Create('', lon.size, lat.size, gdal.GDT_Byte)     mem_ds.SetGeoTransform((lon.min(), res, 0, lat.max(), 0, -res))     band = mem_ds.GetRasterBand(1)       # Rasterize shapefile to grid     gdal.RasterizeLayer(mem_ds, [1], source_layer, burn_values=[1])       # Get rasterized shapefile as numpy array     array = band.ReadAsArray()        mem_ds = None     band = None     return array  shapefile = 'D:\G3P\DATA\Shapefile\Africa_SHP\Africa.shp' source_ds = ogr.Open(shapefile)  # calculate the cellsize cellsize = Lon_MSWEP[:][1] - Lon_MSWEP[:][0]   # create the mask mask = makeMask(Lon_MSWEP,Lat_MSWEP,cellsize)  Now if I implement the following code, the precipitation data for the first day (from the time-series) can be obtained with shape of 1800x3600: precip = np.ma.masked_where(mask==0,Pre_MSWEP[0,:,:])  I tried to use a for loop to mask the precipitation data for the entire time series (time, lon, lat) over the area of interest. however, the below code gives me a 2-D data, probably for the last day. Why is that? for i in range(len(Pre_MSWEP)):     precip = np.ma.masked_where(mask==0,Pre_MSWEP[i,:,:]) Received an email intended for another person I'm not really sure how email routing works, but someone ordered something on Amazon and I received the email instead of them.  Or maybe we both got it, I don't know.  The order doesn't show up in my account, so I'm certain I wasn't charged for it, but I shouldn't be getting other peoples' emails.  We'll say that my email is johndoe1@gmail.com, and somebody who's email is john.doe1@gmail.com places an order on Amazon.  The confirmation email is sent to me at johndoe1@gmail.com.  I checked the email header, and it did say To: john.doe1@gmail.com which is not my email address.  At first I thought that Google ignores periods in email addresses, but I tested the account setup and it doesn't give any error when you put a period in the address.  I didn't create the account; I just used the "check availability" function and the address I chose with a period was fine.  Maybe someone with knowledge about how Email works could tell me why this happened.  Is this a bug in the way Amazon sends emails?  Or is it a bug in how Google receives them?  Who should I report this issue to? I'm an Indian. I'm planning to book a journey from Mumbai to Johannesburg, South Africa and back (conference visa). I looked at refundable tickets, while they are priced higher, they give you half your money back, for instance if the to and fro flight costs INR 40,000 they give you INR 20,000 . But this is if you are cancelling for some reason.   What if you have to cancel because your visa application or the transit visa application got rejected. As far as I understand the procedure is :-  a. Buy airline tickets   b. Apply for Visa   c. Wait between 1-6 weeks to get update about your visa application, for both visa and transit visa (although transit visa should be shorter I guess.)  d. If visa is granted then move on to planning other things about the trip.   Now in case, if the visa application fails (for whatever reason ) what recourse does the traveler have ?  Are there any airlines who are better understanding than others about this situation ?  In non-refundable tickets, I guess that all is lost or is there some way to save money there too.   Lastly, I read travel insurance can help in this case. How does travel insurance help in the above scenario ?  Edit :- One of the pre-conditions of getting the visa is   Proof of a Valid Return or onward ticket or purchase of ticket. This is from   and I need some help with the exercise I was assigned in math class. We were given a 3x3 square made of unit squares, and we wanted to paint all the squares. We had 3 sets of paint, red, blue, and green. Each paint was distinct from each other, but two unit squares with the same color were the same. Additionally, there's only enough paint of each color to color 3 unit squares, and all the paint has to be used. The goal of the exercise was to find the total amount of distinct possible ways such that no two unit squares that share an edge (that is to say they are next to each other vertically or horizontally, having same color across a diagonal is fine). I've started by trying to take a look at each possible arrangement of the bottom 3 unit squares, but I can't seem to find a pattern between it. Is there a better way than continuing by brute force? Any ideas on how I should proceed from here? What does [&] mean before function? For an isolated system, can the entropy decrease or increase? In any sizable system, the number of equilibrium states are much, much greater then the number of non-equilibrium states. Since each accessible micro state is equally probably, it is overwhelmingly likely that we will find the system in an equilibrium state.   However, for a closed system, one that does not interact with any external system, the number of micro states is fixed. Therefore the entropy is fixed.  At any given time, the system will be in one of its micro states. Even if the system is in a micro state that does not look like equilibrium from a macroscopic point of view, its entropy will remain the same, since entropy is a property of all the micro states, not just a given micro state.   So, are the number of accessible micro states (and hence entropy) of an isolated system constant? Kill some processes by .exe file name How to make child process die after parent exits? How can number of subdirectories and files be determined from the output of using ls -ld command?  I realize that this command only lists the directories. Blender resizing my image in half I have a problem. I'm trying to render an image and the resolution is 500x280. After I render the image and save it, for some reason the image gets resized to 250x140. I'm unsure why it happends. Nautilus does not show the left bar, how do I turn it back on? When I open nautilus does not open the left bar where it says computer and down markers such as music, documents, videos, downloads. I reinstalled nautilus from the synaptic package manager but nothing happened. What I can do to make that bar visible again? I used to have an icon on the Windows Vista taskbar showing the battery amount remaining (laptop). It has mysteriously vanished.  How can I get it back?  I followed the Windows  (see How can I hide the battery icon in the notification area? - hoping to reverse the instructions) but the Power checkbox on the Notification Area tab was greyed out and could not be checked or unchecked (it is currently unchecked). How to split the terminal into more than one "view"? What can I do if I forgot my Windows password? Is it possible to test apex that relies on field history tracking? I have some code that relies on field history tracking by querying the History for a custom object. This works fine, but it appears that the history records aren't created during the test so none of my tests will pass. I have the problem, that PHP replaces all spaces with underscores in POST and GET variables. For example if I have the URL: http://localhost/proxy.php?user name=Max the browser will convert it to http://localhost/proxy.php?user%20name=Max. But if I give the $_GET parameters out, the key is not user name but user_name (note the underscore)! Is there any possibility to change this behaviour? How do I set OS X to boot by default? I set Windows 7 to my Boot Camp. Windows 7 starts now by default in the normal boot. However, I want that OSX boots by default and Windows 7 only as I press ALT and then select it.  How can you set OSX to boot by default? How to make Biber also print the debug information in the log file? I've switched from BibTeX to Biber and I was struggling with some errors.  During those problems (see  and  ) I noticed that other users seem to get a more detailed output in the log file (see e. g. ).  I also tried to run biber --tool --debug myreferences.bib, but I'm still missing those details (like the problematic source text for a FATAL error)  example of my current project  command: biber -tool --debug references.bib   INFO - This is Biber 1.9 running in TOOL mode INFO - Config file is '/Users/mbg4/.biber.conf' INFO - Logfile is 'references.bib.blg' INFO - DEBUG mode: all messages are logged to 'references.bib.blg' INFO - Looking for bibtex format file 'references.bib' INFO - Decoding LaTeX character macros into UTF-8 INFO - Found BibTeX data source 'references.bib' WARN - Datamodel: Entry '2005' (references.bib): Invalid format '2005/12//' of date field 'date' - ignoring WARN - Datamodel: Entry '2002a' (references.bib): Invalid format '2002/12//' of date field 'date' - ignoring WARN - Datamodel: Entry 'Ferri2009' (references.bib): Invalid format '2009/3/25/' of date field 'date' - ignoring WARN - Datamodel: Entry 'Klein2005' (references.bib): Invalid format '2005/9//' of date field 'date' - ignoring WARN - Range field 'pages' in entry 'Prochazaka1983' is malformed, skipping WARN - Datamodel: Entry '2006b' (references.bib): Invalid format '2006/2//' of date field 'date' - ignoring WARN - Datamodel: Entry 'Lu2001a' (references.bib): Invalid format '2001/6/15/' of date field 'date' - ignoring WARN - Datamodel: Entry 'Schubert2002' (references.bib): Invalid format '2002/9//' of date field 'date' - ignoring WARN - Datamodel: Entry 'N.N.c' (references.bib): Invalid format 'Apr\,2003' of date field 'urldate' - ignoring FATAL - Caught signal: SEGV Likely your .bib has a very bad entry which causes libbtparse to crash:    how I'd like it to look like (the FATAL - Caught signal: SEGV line):  [496] bibtex.pm:1029&gt; DEBUG - Parsing namestring 'Coyle, ,Thomas W.' [496] bibtex.pm:94&gt; FATAL - Caught signal: SEGV   Used software   TeXLive 2014 on MacOS X  biblatex v2.9a biber 1.9 Remove all but numbers from NSString