This is surely not a new issue, but I can't resolve it using the questions already present:  The launcher said there was an update available, so I upgraded it. Now I am getting this Java error:        Minecraft has crashed!             ----------------------       Minecraft has stopped running because it encountered a problem.  --- BEGIN ERROR REPORT 7cf3a456 -------- Generated 5/1/19 8:02 PM  Minecraft: Minecraft 1.2.5 OS: Linux (amd64) version 4.15.0-48-generic Java: 1.8.0_191, Oracle Corporation VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (mixed mode), Oracle Corporation LWJGL: 2.9.0 OpenGL: AMD CEDAR (DRM 2.50.0 / 4.15.0-48-generic, LLVM 6.0.0)  version 3.0 Mesa 18.0.5, X.Org  java.lang.NullPointerException     at java.io.Reader.&lt;init&gt;(Reader.java:78)     at java.io.InputStreamReader.&lt;init&gt;(InputStreamReader.java:97)     at adn.a(SourceFile:62)     at adn.a(SourceFile:99)     at net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.a(SourceFile:262)     at net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.run(SourceFile:657)     at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) --- END ERROR REPORT 596c040e ----------   Curiously, the launcher can start the version 1.14 just fine (in demo mode, because money is tight!) but v1.2.5 (the latest full non-demo version) gives the above error. So something got messed up, but I can't determine what that is - so I can't fix it.   This was from v2.1.1321 to v2.1.1676.  running on Ubuntu Linux 16.04 LTS  using OpenJDK 1.8, here is the "java -version" output:  openjdk version "1.8.0_191" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-8u191-b12-2ubuntu0.16.04.1-b12) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode) Nothing is logged into /var/log/syslog so it's not Java itself that crashes. I can't find any hs_err_pid*.log that would yield more hints. There's no log files in ~/.minecraft that cover this time frame.
Similar to  on the bugs in Minecraft, I would like a complete list of what error codes exist in Minecraft and how they occur, as well as how they can be resolved.
This is my first question in /photography. I'm a very amateur photographer, doing things wrong and by eye with lots of trial-and-error all the time.  I currently own a reflex Nikon D70 my uncle gave us after he bought a better one. It has some nice settings, and he bought a a Nikkor 28-80mm F/3.5-5.6 zoom lens for it. It behaves nicely, but it's getting old (it has those old cartridges before SD cards existed) and every new charge takes longer than the last.  I'm planning to upgrade to a better camera, and there are some neat offers on a nearby superstore (MediaMarkt), this one catching my eye:  Sony DSC-H400 63x, Sensor Super HAD 1/2/3 CCD 20.1MP -> for less than 300€ taxes included  I don't have any type of extra information aside from that, all I can get from the official site is clinical data from other cameras that I suspect it's not 100% accurate, and there's no photography expert on the store to ask.  The common things I use my D70 for are: taking pictures of scenery (castles, towns, forests, waves hitting rocks, etc...), nearby (&lt;5m) persons and objects, and well, things where I want to save a memory in digital format, not for professional purposes at all.  Being that my objective is to have a decent, good-zooming (superzoom looks awesome), amateur (but with manual settings) camera, is this Sony a good replacement? Will I miss any features? Is there any better, similarly-priced alternative you know of?  Basically, I want to know whether I will get better quality photos than I currently do, given the examples, with any averagely-priced bridge camera similar to that Sony, and if it's worth it.  examples of current camera results  Full zoom-out of town at night, bad quality I know; notice the pink blur at the left.    Maximum zoom on that pink blur from almost the same spot:    Daylight, cloudy, modified with Adobe Lightroom, scenery:    Same day, same beach, different settings:    Same day, same beach, rocks: Just installed Ubuntu 17.10 and it seems that the keyboard layout switching has changed its behavior.  In the previous version of Ubuntu (such as 16.04 Unity), if I have 3 different keyboard layouts (for example EN-TH-JA), hitting Super+Space would always cycle to the next layout in the same order (e.g. EN to TH to JA then back to EN).  However since Ubuntu 17.10, this is no longer the case. It cycles through the layout in the MRU (Most Recently Used) ordering. So suppose that the layout starts with EN, then I cycled to TH. Next time I hit Super+Space, it would give me EN instead of JA.   I tried to dig up and found that the culprit is the newly implemented DCONF settings inside org.gnome.desktop.input-sources and there seems to be no way to change this behavior.   So my question is: Is there a way to change this behavior to "static ordering" of keyboard layout switching?    (As a side-note, the new behavior is very bad when we have three or more layouts. Most of the time we as a user couldn't remember the MRU layouts, so layout switching is very inconvenient and much slower than already knowing what the next layout would be if static ordering is used.)  If there is no settings to change this behavior, where should I report this as a bug or a feature request? How to explain in layman’s terms the significance of the difference of qubits of the D-Wave and IBM QX? So, @AndrewO mentioned recently that he has had 'encounters' with people wondering why D-Wave has a lot more qubits than IBM. Of course, this comparison is faulty, since the IBM and D-Wave's machine may both exploit quantum effects to a certain degree, IBM's machine matches the thing the TCS people call a 'Quantum computer' a bit more than D-Waves's alleged quantum annealer.   How do you explain to a novice why IBM is still reaching important milesstones, even though the D-Wave has a lot more 'qubits'. I understand that an easy answer is, 'well, you're comparing apples and pears', but that is merely relying on your possible authority and simply doesn't explain anything!   How can you explain that those devices are different, how can you dispell the myth that the number of qubits is not the only metric to judge quantum devices? (preferably to a layman, but assuming basic (undergrad?) physics knowledge is ok, if needed) windows command prompt change directory is now changing directory Flag pop-up hidden beneath answer box (and it's still transparent!) The flag window on (a comment to) the last question is hidden beneath the answer box, as shown in the following screenshot:    Linked: , which is currently  - this is not fixed for flags on comments! Page 105 of D. Burton's A First Course in Rings and Ideals reads     It is not difficult to show that if (I'll call them $n$ and $m$ instead of $n_1$ and $n_2$) $n$, $m$ are square free integers, then $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{n}) \cong \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m})$ if and only if $n=m$.   Well, it is getting difficult for me, any help or would be appreciated.    My progress so far: Suppose $\phi :\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{n})\to\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m})$ is an isomorphism. Then $\phi(u)=u$ for every $u \in \mathbb{Q}$, so that $\phi(\sqrt{n})^2=\phi(n)=n$. If $\phi(\sqrt{n})=a+b\sqrt{m}$ for some $a,b\in\mathbb{Q}$, then $(a+b\sqrt{m})^2=a^2+b^2m + 2ab\sqrt{m}=n$ implies $$a^2+b^2m = n$$ and $$2ab=0.$$  Then $b=0$ cannot happen since that would imply that $\sqrt{n}\in\mathbb{Q}$, where $n$ is a square-free integer. Also $a=b=0$ cannot happen. Hence $a=0$ and we have $$b^2m=n.$$ If $\psi:\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{n})\to\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m})$ were an isomorphism then there would exist some $s\in\mathbb{Q}$ such that $$s^2m=n,$$ then $s=b$ or $s=-b$. Therefore the only isomorphisms from $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{n})$ to $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{n})$ are $\phi(u+v\sqrt{n})=u+vs\sqrt{m}$ and $\psi(u+v\sqrt{n})=u-vs\sqrt{m}$.    I don't know if there's an easier way and I don't know if I'm in the correct way here. Thanks beforehand :) If $Var(X)=0$ then is $X$ a constant? We know that the variance of a constant is $0$. Is the converse also true? Can we say that if the variance of some random variable is $0$ it is a constant? What are all the font styles I can use in math mode? How can I add an application to the GNOME window manager? The GNOME on-board documentation covers only the things anyone can easily guess. I have an application for that I can only start from the command line. Not that I mind using a terminal but ...  Anyway, how do I add the command (and preferably a nice logo) to GNOME WM? Calculating Mean for Multiple Rows in ArcGIS for Desktop? I am trying to calculate a mean across a multiple number of attribute rows and have this value added to a new field that I have entered in the attribute table. I have an attribute table which has a number of different ecoregion types associated with them.  For example:  If I select "Arid Canyonlands" there are 3 attribute rows that are selected, each with their own "mean". I am trying to add a new field to the attribute table which will take the "mean" of these three and populate that value in the new field created. I could manually do it through an editing session and using a calculator but just wanted to know if there is an easier way to actually do it through field calculator? When will my device get the Android 5.0 update (Lollipop)? Android 5.0 (Lollipop) was officially announced on October 15th, 2014.  You can review the high-level changes at the  and the announcement on the official .  Of course, not all devices will get this update right away and others won't get it at all. Each manufacturer and carrier often choose to add their custom modifications which tend to delay the official release.  When will each device get Android 5.0, either officially or unofficially, if ever?  See also: When I add a mirror modifier it sometimes doesn't mirror correctly, giving me an overlapping mesh. How can I fix this? BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS: generate a function $f: \{0, 1\}^n \rightarrow \{0, 1\}$ from a $n \times n$ S-Box I want to calculate the hamming weight of a S-Box using this formula: $\text{hw}(f) = \sum_{x=0}^{2^n-1} f(x)$. Where $f: \{0, 1\}^n \rightarrow \{0, 1\}$  My problem is that I don't know how to get the $f$-function.  I found that helpful paper: . At Page 9 (18) boolean functions are described. But she only prints the truth table (Table 2.1) without describing her $f$-function. She only says $f$ is a linear function, therefore I think $f$ depends on my S-Box?  For example, if I have this $2 \times 2$ S-Box:  0    1    2    3  1    3    0    2    $00 \rightarrow 01\\ 01  \rightarrow 11\\ 10  \rightarrow 00\\ 11  \rightarrow 10$  What are the $f$-functions and what is the hamming weight? Modified files in a git branch are spilling over into another branch I am working on a git repository with a master branch and another topic branch. I have switched to topic branch and modified a file. Now, if I switched to master branch that same file is shown as modified.   For example:  git status in git-build branch:  # On branch git-build # Changes to be committed: #   (use "git reset HEAD &lt;file&gt;..." to unstage) # #       modified:   cvsup_current #   Switch to master branch  [root@redbull builder_scripts (git-build)]# git co master M       builder_scripts/cvsup_current Switched to branch "master"   git status in master branch  [root@redbull builder_scripts (master)]# git status # On branch master # Changes to be committed: #   (use "git reset HEAD &lt;file&gt;..." to unstage) # #       modified:   cvsup_current #   Why is that the file is shown as modified in master branch even though it was modified in git-build branch?   My understanding was that the branches are independent of each other and when I change from one branch to another the changes do not "spill over" from one branch to another. So I am obviously missing some thing here.   Anyone got a clue stick? Careers tag search should only search tags Java method dispatch with null argument Why does it (apparently) make a difference whether I pass null as an argument directly, or pass an Object that I assigned the value null?  Object testVal = null; test.foo(testVal);    // dispatched to foo(Object) // test.foo(null);    // compilation problem -&gt; "The method foo(String) is ambiguous"     public void foo(String arg) { // More-specific     System.out.println("foo(String)"); }  public void foo(Object arg) { // Generic     System.out.println("foo(Object)"); }   In other words, why is the (commented-out) second call to foo(...) not dispatched to foo(Object)?  Update: I use Java 1.6. I could compile Hemal's code without problems, but mine still doesn't compile. The only difference I see is that Hemal's methods are static while mine are not. But I really don't see why this should make a difference...?  Update 2: Solved. I had another method foo(Runnable) in my class, so the dispatcher couldn't unambiguously select the single most specific method. (See my comment in Hemal's second answer.) Thanks everyone for your help. Call blocking for iPhone? How do I block unwanted callers without jailbreaking? $\displaystyle\int_0^0\frac 1x\:dx$ This integral is defined ? If it define, what is the value ?  Please,step by step Continuous weighted random distribution, biased toward one end I am currently contributing to a particle system for our game and developing some emitter shapes.  My uniform random distribution along a line or along a rectangular area works fine - no problem.  But now I would like to have something like a 1 dimensional gradient in this distribution. This would mean for example lower values are more common than higher values.  I don't know what would be appropriate mathematical terms for this problem, so my search skills are rather useless with this one. I need something that is computationally simple, as the particle system needs to be efficient. It's my understanding that a z-score can only be calculated and accurately used for data sets that are normally distributed.  Since "perfect" normal distribution almost never occurs in real-world data (where "perfect" normal distribution is defined as 1. The mean, median, and mode all equal the same number, 2. the distribution is perfectly symmetrical between all standard deviations on both sides of the mean, and 3. the distribution is asymptotic), how "close" can the distribution be to perfectly normal for the z-score to still be a valid statistical measure?  If the answer is it has to be a perfectly normal distribution, then my question is why is the z-score so important since it would seldom be a valid measure on real-world data?