When running slope(analysis) from model I receive a high value of somewhere around 71. After then exporting model as python snippet and changing only the output raster name (using same input raster) I receive a high value of 45 in the output raster.  This makes absolutely no sense.  Has anybody ever experienced this?
This is actually a two part question:   Which methods are there to calculate average slope by unit (say km²) for a given area? Are there any special requirements on the data - like additional information besides height measurements? Which open source GIS implement methods usable to calculate average slope on a grid (e.g. TIF file)?
I know many master's students who get an opportunity to talk to their potential PhD advisors well before applying. In most cases this opportunity is available by the professors with whom they worked for their master's. Moreover, there are many others who establish a contact with professors by mailing them and enquiring about PhD vacancies.   My questions are:   How important is knowing an advisor prior to applying for PhD?  Does an email interaction play a vital role when the department makes its admit decisions? If email contact is important, can a student send out mails to 2-3 professors (working in the same area) in case one of them does not bother to reply? To sum up, is applying of any use (especially in top universities) when you have no contacts and only your credentials to bank on? I am able to locate files in a folder containing a specific text string using this command:  grep -lir 'string' ~/directory/*   How do I move the files that appear in the above result to another location? I have installed the developer preview for Yosemite.  Huge mistake. Everything in my workspace is broken.  I don't have any sort of backup image. I was wondering if I could re-download Mavericks and run the installer - would that effectively downgrade me back to Mavericks? Vector spaces for the irreducible representations of the Lorentz Group EDIT:  The vector space for the $(\frac{1}{2},0)$ Representation is $\mathbb{C}^2$ as mentioned by Qmechanic in the comments to his answer below! The vector spaces for the other representations remain unanswered.  The definition of a representation is a map (a homomorphism) to the space of linear operators over a vector space. My question is: What are the corresponding vector spaces for the   $(0,0)$ Representation $(\frac{1}{2},0)$ Representation  $(0,\frac{1}{2})$ Representation $(\frac{1}{2},0) \oplus (0,\frac{1}{2}) $ Representation $(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})$ Representation infinite dimensional Representation? How can I list all the printable ASCII characters in the terminal? I am lost in normalizing, could anyone guide me please.  I have a minimum and maximum values, say -23.89 and 7.54990767, respectively.  If I get a value of 5.6878 how can I scale this value on a scale of 0 to 1. !! Do not use the future tense after unless   [✓]  I won't go unless you go   [✘] [I won't go] unless you will go. [✘]   Why not? Even if the above is prescriptive, what may be some reasons? In my separate question , I quote: unless = if not. If not can precede future tense; so why can't unless?  Footnote:  motivated this. Proving $1-\exp(-4x^2/ \pi) \ge \text{erf}(x)^2$ This is a follow-up to  question. I came across a tighter potential bound and checked it numerically for $0\le x\le 5$. I think it holds for all positive $x$, can anyone see a proof?  $$1-\exp(-4x^2/ \pi) \ge \text{erf}(x)^2$$  Note: using analysis for previous  you can show that $1-\exp(-k x^2)$ is an upper bound on $\text{erf}(x)^2$ for $k=2$ and a lower bound when $k=1$. The factor $k=4/\pi$ comes out when numerically searching for tightest upper bound. Not only does it seem to give an upper bound, but it also tracks $\text{erf}(x)^2$ very closely.  Dashed graph below is $\text{erf}(x)^2$, red is $1-\exp(-k x^2)$ for $k=4/\pi$, other two graphs are for $k=1$ and $k=2$ How can I use std::maps with user-defined types as key? What happened to the “‑est” and “‑eth” verb suffixes in English? What happened to them, and how were they once used? Straining my mind to sound archaic, I came up with the following:     Dost thou thinkest thou can escape thy sins?   and     Bringeth me mine armor and favorite sword.   I’d like to use these suffixes intelligently, so my questions are: how are ‑est and ‑eth properly appellated in conjugations, and  when and why did they disappear? How many Marvel Earths (Universes) are there? I know that there are at least 3 Marvel Universes:  Marvel Cinematic Universe -    Has all of the main ongoing Marvel movies    (1, 2)  (1, 2, 3)  (1, Age of Ultron) etc    Marvel's Ultimate Universe -    Has the other Marvel movies    (1, 2, 3, Origins: Wolverine, First Class, The Wolverine, Days of Future Past)  (1, 2)  etc       Main comic book continuity This is the big one, it contains         etc     Then there are apparently off-shoot Earths, continuities which deviate from the main continuity (Earth 616). How many Marvel Earths (Universes) are there?   Further Reading: I'm looking into running a machine-learning project on EL&amp;U to detect low-quality posts. To do that, I need a large dataset - and to get that, I need to get the text from a large number of deleted questions.   I can't use the API; deleted posts aren't included in it. I can't use SEDE: the PostsWithDeleted table lists NULL for the Body field of deleted posts. I can't script it: not only do I have insufficient reputation on EL&amp;U, but I also managed to get myself rate-limit-blocked while testing a script on Hardware Recs.   So, how else can I get this data? The reasoning my book uses is as follows:   Since $(3+i)(3-i) = 10$, $10 + \langle 3+i\rangle = 0 + \langle 3+i\rangle $. Also, $i + \langle 3+i\rangle = -3 + \langle 3+i\rangle = 7 + \langle 3+i\rangle$. So, $\mathbb{Z}[i]/\langle 3+i\rangle = \{k + \langle 3+i\rangle \mid k = 0,1,\ldots ,9\}$, since $1 + \langle3+i\rangle$ has additive order $10$.   I do not understand why the additive order of $1 + \langle 3+i\rangle$ is $10$, or why the fact that $(3+i)(3-i) = 10$, shows the additive order or $1 + \langle 3+i\rangle$  is $10$. If someone could please explain this I would greatly appreciate it.   Note: I apologize for not using MathJax to write this post. I intend to learn it over the coming weekend. I don't know about anyone else, but I have a reasonable list of favourites now, and it can be rather difficult to find the relevant ones at any given time. Sometimes, I have a specific one in mind, others I just want to see all favourites relating to a specific topic. It would be nice if there were a way to organise my favourites by tag, or OP, or possibly just search them.  How can we improve the favourites feature?  Please post your ideas on how we might improve the favourites feature of the Stack&nbsp;Exchange sites. Try to keep each answer to one idea so that the votes reflect the popularity of a single idea. I want to say:  Please, check out our handbook/knowledge base.  ...but it can be interpreted in two ways:  Please, check out our (handbook/knowledge) base. — as if there is a &quot;handbook base&quot; and a knowledge base. Please, check out our handbook/(knowledge base). — the meaning I'm after.  I thought that maybe I should put spaces around the slash to better separate the two choices:  Please, check out our handbook / knowledge base.  ...but I'm not sure that does it. I checked out  on the topic and it didn't answer my question.  Is it possible to convey the right meaning with a slash, or should I just avoid it altogether? Where [if anywhere] should the apostrophe go in "three days work"? Which is correct?     1 Three day's work      2 Three days' work      3 Three days work   I would probably guess (2) is right, since the work belongs to the three days ("three days of work"). But I'm not sure. Would it be different if it was only one day? Legendre's formula counts the number of positive integers less than or equal to a number $x$ which are not divisible by any of the first $a$ primes: $$\begin{align} &amp;\phi(x,a)=\lfloor x \rfloor-\sum_{p_i\le a}\left\lfloor \dfrac{ x }{(p_i)}\right\rfloor+\sum_{p_i&lt;p_j\le a}\left\lfloor\dfrac{ x}{(p_ip_j)}\right\rfloor-\sum_{p_i&lt;p_j&lt;p_k\le a}\left\lfloor \dfrac{x}{(p_ip_jp_k)}\right\rfloor+\dots \end{align}$$ then $\pi(x)=\phi\bigl(x,\pi (\sqrt{x})\bigr)+\pi (\sqrt{x})-1$ as given .  My question is, why does $\bigl\lfloor\phi(x,\lfloor\sqrt{x}\rfloor)+\sqrt{x}-1\bigr\rfloor$ also equal $\pi(x)?$ How to set a shortcut for "Always on Top" for window? In 12.04 (Unity), I would like to assign a shortcut to the "always on top option" for a window. Probably something like Ctrl+Shift+Home to turn on and Ctrl+Shift+End to turn off, or whatever. Is there an option to do this somewhere in the Compiz Settings Manager?  This (old)  claimed that      For compiz, Enable Extra WM Actions. Check the properties, and insert ALT+A to Key field for Toggle Always-On-Top action.   But I couldn't find that. Have the Linux kernel bugs that caused data loss when using a Samsung 850 Pro SSD been resolved? I just got a brand new Samsung 850 Pro SSD, and I would like to install Ubuntu 14.04 onto it.  I have read some pretty ugly stories of data loss with the 850 series SSDs when using Linux due to bugs in the kernel, as well as bugs in the TRIM operation.  I have done my research, but most of what I'm finding is very outdated. For example, see , and , as well as .  My question is, what is the current status? Have all major the bugs been worked out yet? How do you keep user.config settings across different assembly versions in .net?