This is just for fun.   Based on the cost of non-magical items, one could presumably deduce a conversion rate between Pathfinder and the real world. Of course, worlds and nations differ, so some goods or services will be more or less than they will be in other worlds and nations, so several indices would be needed.   Economic indices could include:    Cost of food (meat, bread, eggs, etc.) Cost of a basic meal at a restaurant Cost of lodging Cost of clothing Cost of alcohol Cost of personal transport  etc.
I have been wondering what a gold piece is worth, due to the fact there are many things that cost the same, but in reality, are probably worth radically different prices, such as a Goat and a Whip, which both cost 1 gp.  What is a gold piece really supposed to be worth? Like, how would things be priced if they were in familiar modern monetary units instead of "gp"? That would give me something to base my adjustments to abnormal prices on, such as items not listed in the PHB.
I'm building an object detector using HOG features and linear SVM. Some of the regions of the object are more "distinctive" so I would like to give more weight to the features extracted from those regions. (e.g. imagine we want to detect between mugs and glasses, then the most "distinctive" part is the mug's handle)  How could I do this? For sure there should be a more intelligent way than just replicating the features of those "distinctive" regions. tar and its key letters: is it a bug or feature? I am wondering to ask the difference of these two commands (i.e. only the order of their options are different):   tar -zxvf foo.tar.gz tar -zfxv foo.tar.gz   The first one ran perfectly but the second one said:  tar: You must specify one of the `-Acdtrux' or `--test-label'  options Try `tar --help' or `tar --usage' for more information.   And tar with --test-label and -zfxv said :  tar (child): xv: Cannot open: No such file or directory tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now tar: Child returned status 2 tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now   Then I looked at tar manual and realised that all the example there are using switch -f in the end!!  AFAICT there is no need for this restriction, or is there?! because in my view switches should be order free. This is a special case of , which, I think, might have drawn little attention because it was too general. In this question, I would like to consider a specific case.  Take a classical system given by the action $$ S[x] = \int dt \left[ \frac{\alpha}{2} \ddot{x}^2 + \frac{\beta}{2} \dot{x}^2 + \frac{\gamma}{2} x^2 \right]. $$  This action is Lagrangian, but it is not what we are usually dealing with in physics, because the Lagrangian contains second time derivatives.  The equations of motion are:  $$ \alpha \ddddot{x} - \beta \ddot{x} + \gamma x = 0. $$  This can be solved as usual by employing Fourier transform:  $$ x(t) = a_1 e^{i \omega_1 t} + a_1^{*} e^{-i \omega_1 t} + a_2 e^{i \omega_2 t} + a_2^{*} e^{-i \omega_2 t}, $$  where $\omega_1^2$ and $\omega_2^2$ are the two roots of $\alpha \omega^4 + \beta \omega^2 + \gamma$, given by  $$ \omega_{1,2}^2 = \frac{- \beta \pm \sqrt{\beta^2 - 4 \alpha \gamma}}{2 \alpha} .$$  Now by definition the phase space is the space of solutions of equations of motion. In this case it is parametrized by two complex co-ordinates $a_{1,2}$, meaning that it is 4-dimensional.  I would like to know if there's a natural way to associate the symplectic structure (Poisson bracket) on this phase space. I.e.,  $$ \{a_1, a_1^{*}\} = ? $$ $$ \{a_1, a_2^{*}\} = ? $$ $$ \{a_2, a_1^{*}\} = ? $$ $$ \{a_2, a_2^{*}\} = ? $$ $$ \{a_1, a_2\} = ? $$ $$ \{a_1^{*}, a_2^{*}\} = ? $$ How to find the inverse modulo $m$? For example: $$7x \equiv 1 \pmod{31} $$ In this example, the modular inverse of $7$ with respect to $31$ is $9$. How can we find out that $9$? What are the steps that I need to do? Update If I have a general modulo equation: $$5x + 1 \equiv 2 \pmod{6}$$ What is the fastest way to solve it? My initial thought was: $$5x + 1 \equiv 2 \pmod{6}$$ $$\Leftrightarrow 5x + 1 - 1\equiv 2 - 1 \pmod{6}$$ $$\Leftrightarrow 5x \equiv 1 \pmod{6}$$ Then solve for the inverse of $5$ modulo 6. Is it a right approach? Thanks. How to load Windows 7 from GRUB rescue Python Argument Binders How can I bind arguments to a Python method to store a nullary functor for later invocation?  Similar to C++'s boost::bind.  For example:  def add(x, y):     return x + y  add_5 = magic_function(add, 5) assert add_5(3) == 8 So, the question pretty much says it all. I'm on Snow Leopard, and I do a lot of web development, particularly in Rails 3 which makes heavy use of the console.  I've seen some notable bloggers etc. mention Zsh as their preference over Bash, but I don't know what difference it would make.  Could anyone give me a good comparison of what difference there is and what might make one prefer one option or the other? O-Rings vs. Washers for Garden Hoses? Losing permissions by adding capability? I observed the following phenomenon that I can not explain. After adding the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability, unshare is no longer able to write to /proc/self/setgroups.   In fact, writing to this file requires the capability, but that is achieved by changing the user namespace. So why does adding the capability to the parent process prevents writing to this file?  me@myhost:~$ unshare -r root@myhost:~# exit logout  me@myhost:~$ sudo setcap cap_sys_admin=ep /usr/bin/unshare me@myhost:~$ unshare -r unshare: cannot open /proc/self/setgroups: Permission denied  me@myhost:~$ sudo setcap cap_sys_admin= /usr/bin/unshare me@myhost:~$ unshare -r root@myhost:~#   By the way: I am running Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS with kernel version 4.4 and the version of util-linux (including unshare) is 2.27.1. What is a "callback" in C and how are they implemented? From the reading that I have done, Core Audio relies heavily on callbacks (and C++, but that's another story).    I understand the concept (sort of) of setting up a function that is called by another function repeatedly to accomplish a task.  I just don't understand how they get set up and how they actually work.  Any examples would be appreciated. What is `^M` and how do I get rid of it? When I open the file in Vim, I see strange ^M characters.  Unfortunately, the world's favorite search engine does not do well with special characters in queries, so I'm asking here:   What is this ^M character? How could it have got there? How do I get rid of it? Is it safe to format msftres, msftdata and hidden partitions? How's This for a Simple HTTP Callout Retry Framework? Most of what I have read about retry operations is that they are vaguely complicated and indepth. I have written the code below which seems to accomplish this without too much confusion - I'm wondering if there are any pitfalls I am not seeing here.   The class uses a top-level schedulable class, which calls a queueable class to make the callout, and if the callout is unsuccessful, it just schedules the top level class again five minutes later. After testing it appears this works indefinitely.   A simple string token, assigned at the first invocation, is also passed between the classes, and I have tested and found that the token does persist, even when runs are scheduled for a later time.   Thanks for helpful thoughts!  public class SelfServe implements Schedulable {      public String Token = null;      public void execute(SchedulableContext ctx) {                  RetrieveMachineDetails Job = new RetrieveMachineDetails();             Job.Token = Token;             System.enqueueJob(Job);      }           public class RetrieveMachineDetails implements Queueable, Database.AllowsCallouts {          public String Token = null;          public void execute(QueueableContext context){                                            Http http = new Http();             HttpRequest request = new HttpRequest();                             request.setEndpoint('https://app.endpoint.com/api');                     request.setMethod('POST');                     request.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json;charset=UTF-8');                                      request.setBody('{"query":  "$message_=\'METRIC\' &amp;&amp; $tier=\'customer\' "}');                                                                                                                                                                                    HttpResponse response = http.send(request);                            if (response.getStatusCode() == 200) {                 //do stuff                  }              else { //retry                  DateTime Dt = system.now().addMinutes(5);                                String day = string.valueOf(Dt.day());                                        String month = string.valueOf(Dt.month());                                          String hour = string.valueOf(Dt.hour());                                       String minute = string.valueOf(Dt.minute());                                                       String year = string.valueOf(Dt.year());                                   String ScheduledTime = '0 ' + minute + ' ' + hour + ' ' + day + ' ' + month + ' ?' + ' ' + year;                  SelfServe Job = new SelfServe();                     Job.Token = Token;                 System.schedule('SelfServe Job'+Dt, ScheduledTime, Job);              }         }        }  } I often hear people saying that "I am" is the shortest sentence in the English language.  I know that there are also discussions about sentences using the imperative mood such as "Go." that would be shorter, but my question is this:  Why would we (the people saying "I am" is a full sentence) not accept "I'm" as a complete sentence?  Is there some unwritten rule about contractions that says "I'm" wouldn't be correct? I want to include something in my LaTeX article that will make all mathematical formulae appear in black, while all text (including everything inside \text{}s in the middle of mathematical formulae) appear in red.  Ideally I would like this to be something I could include in the preamble or in a .cls file or something like that.  What would be the quickest way to do that? QGIS 2.0 - can't select items in Print Composer I have two custom taxonomies applied to two custom post types. the terms list on the sidebar just fine and will list all posts associated with it. However, if you search one of the terms in specific, it doesn't bring up a post with that term.  Example:  Search for term "PQRI"  I get nothing. Any ideas? I've tried using various search plugins but they either break my custom search parameters or just don't work. What happens in electron-electron collisions? Taking back turns, and forgotten privileges A generic question across most board games: once a player has taken their turn (taken their finger off the piece they are playing), should they be allowed to change their mind?  Similarly, if a player forgets to take a privilege, such as an occupied building in Puerto Rico giving an extra worker, or plantation, if they remember a few moves later, should they be allowed to take the privilege?  Very few rules explicitly express how these events should be dealt with, so they are generally left up to the group. However, my group's rules will change depending on the personality of the players playing (not all members are available each time we play). I would like to make this consistent, and would appreciate feedback on how others deal with this scenario. Create a bootable USB on a Mac to install Ubuntu on a PC