I am an ignoramus on this subject, and I assume that these statements quoted from wikipedia are more or less accurate:()  1) Prior to the expansion period, the inflaton field was at a higher-energy state.  2) Random quantum fluctuations triggered a phase transition whereby the inflaton field released its potential energy as matter and radiation as it settled to its lowest-energy state.  So, in the "classical/standard" theory (that means, no string theories, or newer ones), what was assumed to prevent the highly dense universe to become a black hole before inflation started?
Wasn't the density of the universe at the moment after the Big Bang so great as to create a black hole? If the answer is that the universe/space-time can expand anyway what does it imply about what our universe looks like from the outside?
I saw this question: .  My situation is a little different though.   My target moves, and the shooter moves.  Also, the shooter's velocity is added to the bullets' velocities, i.e. bullets fired while sliding to the right will have a greater velocity toward the right.   What I'm trying to do is to get the enemy to be able to determine where they need to shoot in order to hit the player.  Using the linked SO solution, unless the player and enemy are stationary, the velocity difference will cause a miss.  How can I prevent that?      Here is the solution presented from the stack overflow answer.  It boils down to solving a quadratic equation of the form:  a * sqr(x) + b * x + c == 0   Note that by sqr I mean square, as opposed to square root. Use the following values:  a := sqr(target.velocityX) + sqr(target.velocityY) - sqr(projectile_speed) b := 2 * (target.velocityX * (target.startX - cannon.X)       + target.velocityY * (target.startY - cannon.Y)) c := sqr(target.startX - cannon.X) + sqr(target.startY - cannon.Y)   Now we can look at the discriminant to determine if we have a possible solution.  disc := sqr(b) - 4 * a * c   If the discriminant is less than 0, forget about hitting your target -- your projectile can never get there in time. Otherwise, look at two candidate solutions:  t1 := (-b + sqrt(disc)) / (2 * a) t2 := (-b - sqrt(disc)) / (2 * a)   Note that if disc == 0 then t1 and t2 are equal. mknod /tmp/oracle.pipe p  sqlplus / as sysdba &lt;&lt; _EOF set escape on  host nohup gzip -c &lt; /tmp/oracle.pipe &gt; /tmp/out1.gz \&amp; spool /tmp/oracle.pipe select * from employee; spool off  _EOF  rm /tmp/oracle.pip   I need to insert a trailer at the end of the zipped file out1.gz , I can count the lines using  count=zcat out1.gz |wc -l   How do i insert the trailer  T5 (assuming count=5)   At the end of out1.gz without unzipping it. Adding "noise" to overlapping X,Y coordinates so no longer in EXACT same place? I have a series of points representing animal observations. Many of them overlap, having the exact same coordinates, and this is causing me trouble when I want to run some analytical tools which requite no identical points. I was wondering if there's any tool that can add some "noise" to the coordinates, that's to say, adding some random decimal values at the end in order to obtain slightly different coordinates which are still close enough in space so as to not really modify the observation. I've heard about such a tool, but I can't find it, at least in ArcGis 10. Maybe there's another software that can do it? Thanks! Is there a good way to remove HTML from a Java string? A simple regex like replaceAll(&quot;\\&lt;.*?&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot;)   will work, but things like &amp;amp; wont be converted correctly and non-HTML between the two angle brackets will be removed (i.e. the .*? in the regex will disappear). Space after LaTeX commands I have a definition:  \newcommand{\arnold}{Arnold Schwarzenegger}   When I refer to it by:  \arnold is a   it is rendered as:   Arnold Schwarzeneggeris a    In order to have a space in front of "is" I would need to write  \arnold\ is a   Is there some other shorter way? TexMaker - "File not found" when viewing as pdf At the moment I'm having a problem when trying to view my LaTeX file as a PDF. Whether I do it internal or external I both the error "File not found.".  I have no idea what file it means. I've read somewhere it has to with my Acrobat Reader, but I still can't get it fixed. And I think it's worth mentioning that I work on Windows 7, as I've also read that Texmaker on Windows has some bugs.  Any help will be appreciated! about://(null) popup? I encountered a popup similar to this one this morning while checking the weather report at  in Safari, though I have not been able to reproduce it.  The title is "about://(null)" and the text "Why you no play Candy Crush!!"  The popup occurred twice.  I tapped Cancel both times.  I suspect the source of this is rogue JavaScript in an ad network, judging from the fact that the screenshot below shows it in an ad-supported application, and when I saw it, I was on an ad-supported website.  My phone is not jailbroken.  I'm wondering if anyone is able to identify the source of the popup definitively.  Speculation is running rampant on Apple's support communities and elsewhere, from push notifications (delete Facebook and all your games!) to carrier notifications (which don't work on iPod Touches…), and my gut tells me little of it is helpful.  But I could also be very wrong.  (This is not my screenshot; it comes from .)    UPDATE 1: The Candy Crush people have this to say, but I'm not (yet) convinced there's actually something installed that is to blame:   UPDATE 2: Just reproduced it in the iOS Simulator while clicking around woodtv.com, but I'm not sure how to track it down further from here. What's the best order to read HP Lovecraft's novels? I've always been interested in the Cthulhu mythos and I wanted to get into HP Lovecraft's books. What is the best book to start with? I know that Cthulhu was first mentioned in Lovecraft's Call of Cthulhu in 1928. Is that the best book to start with? Should I just start reading Lovecraft's books from his first publication onward? I am using 301 redirects for all URLs.  Should I change sitemap URLs now?  The sitemap currently contains the following URLs:   example.com/cat/1.html example.com/cat/2.html example.com/cat/3.html   Should I change the sitemap's URLs to a new destination?   example.com/cat/year/1.html example.com/cat/year/2.html example.com/cat/year/3.html In what order do multiple readied actions with the same trigger resolve? Number of publications needed to get into a computer science PhD program? I've looked at the resumes of the type of candidates that get into computer science PhD programs at the top few universities (e.g. Stanford, MIT etc.) and a lot of them seem to have multiple publications (2-4) done during their undergraduate years. Is this representative of the entire pool? Or is this just a self-selected group that puts their resumes online.  I currently have one first-author workshop paper (5 pages), and I wonder how this might affect my chances at entry into these top universities. How can I use 3rd party libraries on QGIS plugins on Windows?   I've developed a plugin that uses rasterio and numpy for a customer, but he's having problems installing rasterio and numpy.  Actually rasterio and numpy were installed in it's main system Python (C:\Python27), but I need QGIS Python to recognize it. If there is a wizard that, by some means, has acquired proficiency in the use of shields, can said wizard use his shield in one hand and his arcane focus quarterstaff in the other and still cast somatic component spells?  Since the quarterstaff has been crafted to also be an arcane focus, and the Sage Advice Compendium states that you can provide the somatic components of spells with the same hand wielding the arcane focus, in this case an arcane focus quarterstaff, could that wizard still be able to perform somatic component spells while using a shield in the other?  I understand War Caster is the feat that allows you to cast somatic component spells even while using a shield and weapon or two weapons in each hand, but is this a simple way around those rules seeing as this "weapon" is your arcane focus? I would like to believe it is not, but I'm not fully fluent in the ways of spellcasting. Show that there is $\xi$ s.t. $f(\xi)=f\left(\xi+\frac{1}{n}\right)$ Let $f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}$ be continuous and $f(0)=f(1)$. Show that for any integer $n\geqslant 2$, there is $\xi\in(0,1)$ s.t.$f(\xi)=f\left(\xi+\frac{1}{n}\right).$  I think this requires the intermediate value theorem somewhere. How to create a cable/wire for animation? So I've created a "noodle" with a path and a bezier Circle that has soft body so that when I click play it will drop and flop about.    What I'm trying to do is have one of the cubes stationary while the other moves around having the noodle between them stretch and move around like its a cable.   Any tips on this? "This box of matches is empty" There are several Japanese books teaching Japanese students how to write in English. I found this example in  (Correcting Errors in English Composition Manuals) by Michio Kawakami and J.D. Monkman.  The authors of this book claim that this sentence is incorrect:     This box of matches is empty.   They note that a “box of matches” is a box containing matches (and not a box made for keeping matches), hence the sentence should instead be:     This matchbox is empty.   Likewise, an “empty bottle of beer” should instead be an “empty beer bottle.”  Is this actually an error that I should avoid in writing English? If so, is it a grammatical error or something else? If I downvote every competing answer, will I get flagged for vote abuse? How to find $ \int_0^\infty \dfrac x{1+e^x}\ dx$ When Dirac found his equation for the electron $(-i\gamma^\mu\partial_\mu+m)\psi=0$ he famously discovered that it had negative energy solutions. In order to solve the problem of the stability of the ground state of the electron he invoked Pauli's exclusion principle and postulated that negative energy states well already filled by a "sea" of electrons. This allowed him to predict the positron, viewed as a hole in the sea.  This interpretation was ultimately discarded owing to its inapplicability to bosons and difficulties with explaining the invisibility of the infinite charge of the sea.  According to my understanding, the modern argument goes something like this. There is a discrete symmetry of the lagrangian called charge conjugation $\psi \rightarrow \psi^c$ which allows the negative energy solutions to be interpreted as positive energy solutions for a second mode of excitation of the electron field with opposite charge, called positrons. The decay of electrons to positrons is then suppressed by the $U(1)$ gauge symmetry of the lagrangian forcing conservation of electrical charge.  According to this interpretation What Dirac would have missed was the lagrangian formalism. Is this historically and physically correct? I have a small server which I use for testing and programming. Currently it runs Debian 9.4 stretch with 4.14.0-0.bpo.3-amd64 kernel.  Today I tried to connect through SSH but I couldn't then I tried to ping it and it was unreachable. Therefore I had to hard-restart it by unplugging power cable. Then I went to  /var/log/syslog  and I found a strange line containing exactly 6140 characters like the following  ^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@^@  then nothing else until new log entries of system restart. This is actually the first time it happens.  Does someone know what could it be?