I'm trying to upgrade a very old (Lucid Lynx) Vmware VM I recently re-discovered.  When I try to run the update manager, I get the message "Your Ubuntu release is not supported anymore.  You will not get any further security fixes or critical updates. Please Upgrade to a later version of Ubuntu Linux."  Then update manager freezes.  Is there a way to configure update manager so it can point to something I can upgrade to?  NOTE: I've been following some of the questions involving upgrading end-of-life versions... nothing seems to help,
Recently I have installed an older version of Ubuntu on my old machine. Whenever I try to install any software, I get an error saying it couldn't be found:  $ sudo apt-get install vlc Reading package lists... Done                Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done     E: Couldn't find package vlc
How can I find unanswered questions with zero answers in some tag? Intuitive explanation for how could there be "more" irrational numbers than rational? Are delphi variables initialized with a value by default? I'm new to Delphi, and I've been running some tests to see what object variables and stack variables are initialized to by default:  TInstanceVariables = class   fBoolean: boolean; // always starts off as false   fInteger: integer; // always starts off as zero   fObject: TObject; // always starts off as nil end;   This is the behaviour I'm used to from other languages, but I'm wondering if it's safe to rely on it in Delphi?  For example, I'm wondering if it might depend on a compiler setting, or perhaps work differently on different machines.  Is it normal to rely on default initialized values for objects, or do you explicitly set all instance variables in the constructor?  As for stack (procedure-level) variables, my tests are showing that unitialized booleans are true, unitialized integers are 2129993264, and uninialized objects are just invalid pointers (i.e. not nil).  I'm guessing the norm is to always set procedure-level variables before accessing them? I'm developing a  application, and I'm using constant NSStrings as ways to store key names for my preferences.  I understand this is a good idea because it allows easy changing of keys if necessary. Plus, it's the whole 'separate your data from your logic' notion.     Anyway, is there a good way to make these constants defined once for the whole application?     I'm sure that there's an easy and intelligent way, but right now my classes just redefine the ones they use. Thermistor control of peltier voltage with Arduino (for DSLR chill box project) I am mildly familiar with electronics, mostly from playing around with electronics kits as a kid. That was a long time ago, though, maybe as much as 20 years ago. I am currently working on a cold or "chill" box for my Canon 5D III, so I can keep it's temperature very low, and very consistent, for doing low noise astrophotography.  I have a general design for the box, and I'm using a single 12v 5.8amp peltier (TEC) attached directly to a copper box for cooling. The box is currently insulated with extruded foam board, and the hot plate of the peltier will be cooled with a water cooler from an old computer kit.   I'm getting more ambitious with my project, however. I want thermal regulation, to maintain a consistent temperature, and I'd eventually like to get into two-stage cooling to achieve a Delta-T of closer to -55-60°C relative to ambient (the chill box will be cooling the camera, so the sensor will be warmer, probably by as much as 10°C, than the temperature of the copper plating in the box itself.) I want to have two primary modes:   Rapid cooling mode, operating the peltier at 12v or higher (max voltage is 15.4v) to quickly cool the box down to the target temperature. Regulated maintenance mode, operating the peltier at lower voltages to maintain a consistent temperature, above the maximum potential cooling the peltier can supply (for headroom as the voltage is adjusted in response to small temperature fluctuations).   I'd like to maintain temperature within 2-3°C if possible. I've looked into Arduino (and I've messed with similar things in the past), and it seems perfectly ideal for the task, with one exception: It doesn't seem to handle the kind of current I need top power a single peltier, and certainly not two.   I've done some research on how I might achieve this, but I'm falling up short on my understanding of the electronics involved. I've found a two-relay "shield" for Arduino Uno that can power two devices with up to 8amps each, and up to 30v each. That can be controlled from the Arduino itself. It seems the design of a relay uses a magnetic coil to actuate a switch that allows an independent power source to be used to power components like a motor, solenoid, or in my case a peltier. I haven't found any way of actually regulating the voltage of the relay with the Arduino, however.  So I kept investigating, and I came across some schematics that showed how to use transistors, specific mosfets to be exact, where the base was connected to an Arduino output, and the collector/emitter were connected to the power loop of whatever needed to be powered at a higher voltage (not sure about current here), and this still allowed control of the voltage.   It's been so long since I messed with any of these components, my memory is extremely rough, and I'm not quite connecting how it all works. I'd be happy with some references to complete examples of powering, and controlling the voltage of, high powered devices via an Arduino, but if anyone here can explain how all this works and why, that would be most ideal. I'd rather understand the concepts, so I can reapply them later, than just have a pattern to follow. Why $SU(3)$ and not $U(3)$? Is there a good reason not to pick $U(3)$ as the colour group? Is there any experiment or intrinsic reason that would ruled out $U(3)$ as colour group instead? Can Conjure Animals beasts be used as mounts? Is it possible to use the animals that are summoned using Conjure Animals as mounts?  As an example: Summoning Giant Eagles to carry a group up the mountain or over a wall. Menu select item stuck on screen after context or command menu has closed Periodically when I select a menu command, the label or selected option gets "stuck" on screen and won't go away. I can close all open applications, including whichever one I was using when it got stuck, but it still won't go away.   In the screenshot below, I opened an new instance of IE just to show how the label stays on top. The label was not created by this instance of IE.    (I added the circle in MS Paint. That part isn't stuck.)  The label that gets stuck is the first menu command I select in IE. If a label is already stuck, a new one does not get stuck (regardless of which instance(s) of IE are involved). Based on this knowledge, I now just open IE on my secondary monitor, carefully open the context menu so the Properties command is in the bottom corner, and click it. This is not a solution.  The floating label never moves and is transparent to mouse input (if I click it, it's as if I clicked the item behind it).  The label does not go away if I close all running applications. I haven't tried stopping services or closing system tray items like Live Mesh.  The label does go away if I change the screen resolution and then change it back.  Any ideas how I can stop this from happening? It's happened a half dozen times and it's becoming quite disrupting to my work. Prove that if $(ab)^i = a^ib^i \forall a,b\in G$ for three consecutive integers $i$ then G is abelian I've been working on this problem listed in Herstein's Topics in Algebra (Chapter 2.3, problem 4):     If $G$ is a group such that $(ab)^i = a^ib^i$ for three consecutive integers $i$ for all $a, b\in G$, show that $G$ is abelian.   I managed to prove it, but I'm not very happy with my result (I think there's a neater way to prove this). Anyway, I'm just looking to see if there's a different approach to this.   My approach:  Let $j=i+1, k=i+2$ for some $i\in \mathbb{Z}$.  Then we have that $(ab)^i = a^ib^i$, $(ab)^j = a^jb^j$ and $(ab)^k = a^kb^k$.  If $(ab)^k = a^kb^k$, then $a^jb^jab =a^jab^jb$.   We cancel on the left and right and we have $b^ja = ab^j$, that is $b^iba = ab^j$.  Multiply both sides by $a^i$ on the left and we get $a^ib^iba = a^jb^j$, so $(ab)^iba = (ab)^j$. But that is $(ab)^iba = (ab)^iab$.   Cancelling on the left yields $ab=ba$, which holds for all $a,b \in G$, and therefore, $G$ is abelian.  Thanks! Error when clipping raster in QGIS: "'ascii' codec can't encode character"? I have done it many times (clipping a raster with a polygon layer or by extension) but today I got an error for the first time and I don't know how to solve it. I am always using the same type of raster layers. When running the clipping tool I got the following message:  gdal_translate -of GTiff -ot Byte -projwin 410282.185971 4694950.41162 410783.882475 4694524.96815 -co COMPRESS=DEFLATE -co PREDICTOR=1 -co ZLEVEL=6 -co TFW=YES "C:/Users/FERRAN ALA/Desktop/Justificació Fontanals/QGIS/Topo 1_5000/bt5mv20sd0f283077st1r031.sid" "C:/Users/FERRAN ALA/Desktop/Justificació Fontanals/QGIS/background/image.tif"   GDAL command output:     'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xf3' in position 201: ordinal not in range(128) See log for more details   Does anybody know what that is? How to inset a face? I am trying to set up a Minecraft rig mouth that will have more controls and will be rounded, but I am having issues trying to figure out what this guy did here. First, he did what looked like a loop cut and slide, but instead of drawing a line it selected all the edges it passed through. He then cut to a new clip where the mouth was already set up like this.    The video is in 3 times speed but if you download a youtube plugin you can slow it down to 0.25 speed of the video and then if you do the spacebar trick you can slow it down so it shows 1 frame at a time and it is really slow.  if you want or need to see the video.  All I am asking is how can I create those 8 basic segments. I want to know if this is grammatically correct " How long would the conference be for?". At what point does a caster define the target of a spell? The new School of Invention tradition for Wizards () while still in playtesting (and indeed a bit silly in my opinion, more of a "chaos wizard"), got me thinking about its reckless casting ability. This allows the caster to cast magic they do not have prepared and get a random result. The random spells have different targeting criteria (Wall of Stone, Fireball, Feign Death , Mass Cure Wounds) and so it is not possible to decide the target of the spell until it has been cast, as you don't know what you are going to get until it is cast.  This suggests that the designer of the subclass has made the assumption that you don't actually target until you have cast the spell and release it, which makes sense from one point of view, strongly supported by the way a prepared action casting works, PHB p.193 where you cast the spell and hold the energy until the condition is met for the readied action at which point you target the spell.  While the Unearthed Arcana is not RAW or finalized and released, my question is not about this subclass, but about the official rules as a whole.  Is there was any direct RAW, or other supporting or opposing RAW, that states at what point a caster defines the target of a spell?  As a sub-question: are there any circumstances where it actually matters, other than the already defined Readied Action spell casting, in the official rules? How to stop a script from running if it's not root (and echo "Not running as root! Exiting...") Here's my source:  #!/bin/bash  echo "Running script to free general cached memory!" echo ""; echo "Script must be run as root!"; echo ""; echo "Clearing swap!"; swapoff -a &amp;&amp; swapon -a; echo ""; echo "Clear inodes and page file!"; echo 1 &gt; /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches; echo "";   It clears caches and stuff, and it echoes that it needs to be run as root in the terminal. I basically just want the script to cease running if it detects it's not being executed as root.   Example:  "Running script to free general cached memory!" "Warning: script must be run as root or with elevated privileges!" "Error: script not running as root or with sudo! Exiting..."   If run with elevated privileges, it just runs as normal. Any ideas? Thanks! I co signed on a bank loan to finance the purchase of a car for my brother in Florida.  Only his name is on title, registration and insurance policy. Would I be liable and can I be sued by another person if he were in an accident? I need to calculate the Cramer Rao lower bound of variance for the parameter $\theta$ of the distribution $$f(x)=\frac{1}{\pi(1+(x-\theta)^2)}$$   How do I proceed I have calculated $$4 E\frac{(X-\theta)^2}{1+X^2+\theta^2-2X\theta}$$  Can somebody help How do I append an object (such as a string or number) to an array in JavaScript? Trying to find a book about kids with 'sunguns' revolting against alien overlords I'm trying to identify a book (or possibly a series, as I seem to recall reading a sequel which still left the story unfinished).  I read the book or books in the early 90's and had picked them up from a jumble sale at school, so they were probably published in the 80's or possibly 70's. I guess you would class them as YA fiction, though that wasn't really such a thing back then...  As I recall the story began with a slave transport craft crash landing on an alien world, with only a handful of teenage and pre-teen humans surviving. They scraped together what they could, including a couple of functional 'sunguns' (basically, laser rifles) and began a low level guerilla rebellion against the alien race that were using humanity as slave labour on the planet.  I've googled 'sungun' repeatedly, thinking that this should be the best way of finding the story but the references that come up are all for other stories or conspiracy technologies.  Anyone got any vague recollections of a book or series like this? Name of short sci-fi story involving a musician who is punished for listening to Bach Height and minimal number of generators of an ideal How can I determine the height and the least number of generators of the ideal $ I=(xz-y^2,x^3-yz,z^2-x^2y) \subset K[x,y,z] $?      I tried to calculate the dimension of the vector space $I/I\mathfrak m$ with $\mathfrak m=(x,y,z)$, but I'm not able to find it.  I think the height is $2$, because the affine variety should be a curve, and also I know that the ideal is prime, so I need a chain $0\subset \mathfrak p \subset I$. Maybe $(xz-y^2)?$ Is it prime?