I'm a software developer and as such I build and run programs hundreds of times per day. I've noticed that since I started using Catalina, after compiling and linking there is a delay (which can be seconds) when the internet is slow or having problems (I have bad internet often). If I disable wifi and rebuild, the delay goes away. How can I disable this so my builds run faster?
I'm running macOS Catalina 10.15.4 on a 2018 MacBook Pro 15", which has the T2 chip (if anything else is relevant, let me know and I'll update the question.)  I'm a developer and I'm in the process of writing and debugging a C command-line utility that's supposed to take a few miliseconds to run and exit.  My internet connection went down while I was coding (WiFi was still connected, but my ISP was down), and afterwards I noticed that, after compiling the app, the first time I ran it, it took a few seconds to run rather than the expected fraction of a second.  I turned off WiFi (so there was no active network connection), compiled my app again, and ran it -- this time it ran as quick as I would expect.  Turn on WiFi, compile and run again, first run of the app takes longer than expected.  Maybe I'm paranoid, but it sure sounds like macOS is trying to ask Apple's servers for blessing to run my app. Is this the case, or could there be another explanation? If it's indeed the case, can anyone link to an article explaining what's going on under the hood?  UPDATE: as requested, here are timings for an average of three runs of the following command, under different conditions:  touch file.c &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; time ./file &amp;&amp; time ./file  The first measurement is the average time for running file for the first time after compilation (the third command in the chain). The second measurement is the average time for running file for the second time after compilation (the fourth command in the chain).  WiFi on, with internet: 347 ms/3 ms.  WiFi on, without internet: 5024 ms/3 ms.  All network connections offline: 24 ms/2 ms.
How to sum $\sum_{x=0}^{N-1} \cos{\left( \frac{2\pi x}{N} \right)}^{2}$? I've tried solving it, but I'm not familiar with these kind of progressions and I couldn't get to a result. Also, I've found that the result is just $N/2$, but I don't get why would that be the answer, as it doesn't work for $N=1$ or $N=2$. Appreciate your help :) If $f$ is bounded and $\lim_{x \to c} g(x) = 0$, then $\lim_{x \to c}g(x)f(x) = 0$ Has Stack Overflow been haiku-hacked? Automatically fit the graphics in the remaining space of a Beamer slide Does a constantly accelerating charged particle emit EM radiation or not? The  gives the recoil force, $\mathbf{F_{rad}}$, back on a charged particle $q$ when it emits electromagnetic radiation. It is given by:  $$\mathbf{F_{rad}} = \frac{q^2}{6\pi \epsilon_0 c^3}\mathbf{\dot{a}},$$  where $\mathbf{\dot{a}}$ is the rate of change of acceleration.  If a particle has a constant acceleration, $\mathbf{\dot{a}}=0$, then there is no reaction force acting on it. Therefore the particle does not lose energy.   Does this mean that a constantly accelerating charged particle does not emit electromagnetic radiation? C# Lambda expressions: Why should I use them? Differences between longtable and xtab I have a pretty simple table that needs to span multiple pages. This seems like a job for either the / package or the  package.   The voting on the answers to this  suggest that longtable is the preferred package, yet xtab is much newer and has been revised since that question was asked.  What are the differences between xtab and longtable and when is one preferable to the other? Users with less than 50 reputation points cannot write comments on questions and answers that they don't own.  Why does this limit exist? But I want to contribute now. What should I do instead? But I can't write a good answer without more information! Shouldn't I be allowed to post comments if I have reputation on a different site? But I saw a new user posting a comment! How did they do it? Why do I need 50 reputation to comment on my own post?   See also:    in the Help Center What's the difference between executing a script like this:  ./test.sh  and executing a script like this:  . test.sh?  I tried a simple, two-line script to see if I could find if there was a difference:  #!/bin/bash ls   But both . test.sh and ./test.sh returned the same information. Goal: I want to be able to securely use the internet via my home PC while my notebook is connected to an open hotspot/access point.  I do know that I can use a SSH tunnel/SOCKS proxy, but I don't want to fiddle around with applications (making them use it, if even possible). I guess what I need is an OpenVPN setup, so I'm looking for a detailed guide on how to:   Install and setup the OpenVPN server Setup the OpenVPN client (NetworkManager)   Ubuntu versions this should work on are 10.10 and 11.04. How to activate hyphenation in \ttfamily without explictly setting a font? I am suprised that in the code below no hyphenation is done. And I can not find something about that on the web. Maybe I used the wrong words for searching.  \documentclass{scrartcl} \usepackage{xltxtra} \usepackage{polyglossia} \setdefaultlanguage[spelling=new]{german} \usepackage{tabu}  \begin{document} \begin{ttfamily} \begin{tabu} spread \textwidth {X[l]|X[l]|X[l]|X[l]}     A&amp;     B&amp;     Sichtweise, Haltung, Akzeptanz, useability, Anwenderfreundlichkeit&amp;     D\\ \end{tabu} \end{ttfamily} \end{document} How to deal with duplicate answers posted long after first answer(s) I've been seeing this for a while now, especially on the  tag.  A user will ask a question (usually very simple, and mostly a duplicate of older questions. But that's for another day).  The user will get one or more answers that successfully answer the question. A little bit later, usually around 5-10 minutes but can be more, another user or users will come along (mostly low rep users) and post the exact same solution, sometimes changing the wording a bit, but sometimes being lifted word for word from the other answer(s).  This is slightly different from the Fastest gun in the west problem. I have nothing against answers posted in very quick succession that solve the problem. The ones I'm talking about are answers posted long after the first correct solution, that say the same thing.  A good example of this is available . All three answers say the same thing. One offers code + explanation (first answer), the second one (three minutes later) offers only code and the third one (a full eighteen minutes later) offers only a text answer.  How should answers like this be dealt with? They are adding nothing of value to the community, as the problem has already been answered. The person posting the answer could not have run into the "The other and I posted the answer so close to each other we didn't know about duplicates until after posting" problem, as there is an eighteen minute gap.   is another example. Finding what methods a Python object has Given a Python object of any kind, is there an easy way to get the list of all methods that this object has?  Or,  if this is not possible, is there at least an easy way to check if it has a particular method other than simply checking if an error occurs when the method is called? Schema for a multilanguage database I'm developing a multilanguage software. As far as the application code goes, localizability is not an issue. We can use language specific resources and have all kinds of tools that work well with them.  But what is the best approach in defining a multilanguage database schema? Let's say we have a lot of tables (100 or more), and each table can have multiple columns that can be localized (most of nvarchar columns should be localizable). For instance one of the tables might hold product information:  CREATE TABLE T_PRODUCT (   NAME        NVARCHAR(50),   DESCRIPTION NTEXT,   PRICE       NUMBER(18, 2) )   I can think of three approaches to support multilingual text in NAME and DESCRIPTION columns:   Separate column for each language  When we add a new language to the system, we must create additional columns to store the translated text, like this:  CREATE TABLE T_PRODUCT (   NAME_EN        NVARCHAR(50),   NAME_DE        NVARCHAR(50),   NAME_SP        NVARCHAR(50),   DESCRIPTION_EN NTEXT,   DESCRIPTION_DE NTEXT,   DESCRIPTION_SP NTEXT,   PRICE          NUMBER(18,2) )  Translation table with columns for each language  Instead of storing translated text, only a foreign key to the translations table is stored. The translations table contains a column for each language.  CREATE TABLE T_PRODUCT (   NAME_FK        int,   DESCRIPTION_FK int,   PRICE          NUMBER(18, 2) )  CREATE TABLE T_TRANSLATION (   TRANSLATION_ID,   TEXT_EN NTEXT,   TEXT_DE NTEXT,   TEXT_SP NTEXT )  Translation tables with rows for each language  Instead of storing translated text, only a foreign key to the translations table is stored. The translations table contains only a key, and a separate table contains a row for each translation to a language.  CREATE TABLE T_PRODUCT (   NAME_FK        int,   DESCRIPTION_FK int,   PRICE          NUMBER(18, 2) )  CREATE TABLE T_TRANSLATION (   TRANSLATION_ID )  CREATE TABLE T_TRANSLATION_ENTRY (   TRANSLATION_FK,   LANGUAGE_FK,   TRANSLATED_TEXT NTEXT )  CREATE TABLE T_TRANSLATION_LANGUAGE (   LANGUAGE_ID,   LANGUAGE_CODE CHAR(2) )    There are pros and cons to each solution, and I would like to know what are your experiences with these approaches, what do you recommend and how would you go about designing a multilanguage database schema. I would like to open 4 Notepad++ windows at once, in the same pannel. Currently, I am only able to split it into two, and would like to know if there is a plugin that enables 4 views at at same time, or 3.   thanks I thought that there was no need to scan for viruses either in Ubuntu or any Linux distros until I found virus scanner packages clamtk and klamav in Ubuntu software center yesterday.  This leads to the following questions:   How do viruses differ between Linux and Windows? How do the strategies for protection differ between Linux and Windows? Should a virus scanner package be installed on my system? If so, which would be a better option? Is there is any reason to make the permissions on an overridden C++ virtual function different from the base class?  Is there any danger in doing so?  For example:  class base {     public:         virtual int foo(double) = 0; }  class child : public base {     private:         virtual int foo(double); }   The  says that it is a bad idea, but doesn't say why.  I have seen this idiom in some code and I believe that the author was attempting to make the class final, based on an assumption that it is not possible to override a private member function.  However,  shows an example of overriding private functions.  Of course  recommends against doing so.  My concrete questions:   Is there any technical problem with using a different permission for virtual methods in derived classes vs base class? Is there any legitimate reason to do so? How does one obtain a Witcher 3 Troll Mutagen from a non-quest specific troll, at least one of which you never exchange dialogue with? I have played the Witcher 3, exchanged dialogue with 5 trolls already, and decided not to kill them. All 5 trolls were involved in specific quests. I have killed two trolls of which I did not exchange dialogue. I have yet to receive a Troll Mutagen.  How does one obtain a Witcher 3 Troll Mutagen from a non-quest specific troll, at least one of which you never exchange dialogue with? What's the reasoning behind phrase "dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements"? Phrase "dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements" seems strange. Can one submit dissertation in full fulfillment of the requirements? How To Change The Fonts In Windows 8 In Windows 7, there is an option to change the fonts for things such as the active title bar, menu, etc. It was found by opening the Window Color and Appearance settings in the Control Panel. I just installed Windows 8 and would like to change the fonts, but I can't find anything to change the actual fonts (there is however a limited drop-down list to change a few font sizes in the appearance settings). Does anyone how to change the fonts used in Windows 8?