I am a Spanish linguist working on writing my dissertation using RMarkdown. My document was compiling fine into a pdf until I tried to add examples and glosses using the gb4e package. I am working on a Mac running Big Sur 11.1, pdfTeX 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.21 (TeX Live 2020), R 4.0.3, and RStudio Version 1.3.1073. I started with a small rdm document until I had it working fine. I ran into the problem  when I moved the chunk into the actual manuscript that I get the error &quot;TeX capacity exceeded, sorry [parameter stack size=10000]&quot;. Here's the toy document that does compile fine: --- title: &quot;testing_latex&quot; author: &quot;Erwin Lares&quot; date: &quot;1/5/2021&quot; output: pdf_document header-includes: - \usepackage{gb4e} ---  See (\ref{stm-n-lit}) shows the literal sentence. (\ref{stm-n-idm}) shows the idiomatic sentence. (\ref{stm-plain}) shows an unambiguous sentence that can only be interpreted compositionally.  \begin{exe} % sets up the top-level example environment \ex  \begin{xlist} % first embedding (alphabetical numbering) \ex\label{stm-n-lit}     \gll Mary kicked the bucket, she stubbed her toes. \\     Mary kick-PAST the bucket, 3S bruised-PAST 3S-POSS toe-PL \\     \trans ‘Mary made contact with the bucket with her toes forcefully ’ \ex\label{stm-n-idm}     \gll Mary kicked the bucket, she's dead. \\     Mary kick-PAST the bucket, 3S COP-PRE dead-adj \\     \trans ‘Mary is dead.’ \end{xlist} % end first embedding \ex\label{stm-plain}      \gll This example does not contain sub examples.\\      DEMO-SING example DO-helping NEG contain sub examples\\     \trans ‘This is a plain example’ \end{exe}  The problem comes up when I include this piece of code in my manuscript. When I try to knit my document, something breaks and produces the error in question. Here's a copy of the manuscript. I realize that the output in the YAML is different, but I need a pdf_document2 for the bookdown package. Any suggestions would be most appreciated. --- title: &quot;Experimental Design&quot; author: &quot;Erwin Lares&quot; date: &quot;12/23/2020&quot; output:   bookdown::pdf_document2: default   bookdown::html_document2: default header-includes: - \usepackage{graphicx} - \usepackage{float} - \usepackage{longtable} - \usepackage{gb4e} ---  &lt;!-- code_folding: hide --&gt;   {r loading-library, include=FALSE, echo=FALSE} #install.packages(&quot;networkD3&quot;)  #library(networkD3) library(tidyverse) library(DataEditR) #library(gt) library(kableExtra) library(tinytex) library(rmarkdown) library(bookdown) library(knitr) library(skimr) library(RColorBrewer) library(broom)  \begin{exe} % sets up the top-level example environment \ex  \begin{xlist} % first embedding (alphabetical numbering) \ex\label{stm-n-lit}     \gll Mary kicked the bucket, she stubbed her toes. \\     Mary kick-PAST the bucket, 3S bruised-PAST 3S-POSS toe-PL \\     \trans ‘Mary made contact with the bucket with her toes forcefully ’ \ex\label{stm-n-idm}     \gll Mary kicked the bucket, she's dead. \\     Mary kick-PAST the bucket, 3S COP-PRE dead-adj \\     \trans ‘Mary is dead.’ \end{xlist} % end first embedding \ex\label{stm-plain}      \gll This example does not contain sub examples.\\      DEMO-SING example DO-helping NEG contain sub examples\\     \trans ‘This is a plain example’ \end{exe}
I was using this:    To try and create numbered examples in my document.  However, when I load it and put the example exe in that link in one of the separate Tex files (Introduction.tex) I include in main.tex, I get:  ./Chapters/Introduction.tex:14: TeX capacity exceeded, sorry [parameter stack s ize=10000]. \gb@ifnextchar #1#2#3-&gt;                        \let \reserved@d =#1\def \reserved@a {#2}\def \reserv... l.14 ... and political news \cite{washington_post}                                                   .  More importantly, when ...   Which is not even referring to the exe example I inserted but a couple of blocks of tex above it.  For info, here is my full code before my document begins:  \documentclass{report} % [fontsize=11pt,border=5pt] % standalone for the tree \usepackage{forest} % This overrides warnings like http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/52576/difference-between-bookmark-levels-greater-than-one-what-does-this-mean \usepackage{bookmark} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{subcaption} \usepackage{standalone} \usepackage[round]{natbib} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{lmodern} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % This is for hyperlinks \usepackage{hyperref} \hypersetup{     colorlinks=true,     linkcolor=blue,     filecolor=magenta,           urlcolor=cyan, }  \urlstyle{same} % Not sure why I need to use this % \usepackage{graphicx} % \graphicspath{ {images/} } % \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} % fontsize=11pt,twoside]{scrartcl} % This is for numbered examples \usepackage{gb4e}   Would appreciate some help as I feel like my Latex is very messy here.
I have the following code that shows either a bug or a misunderstanding on my part.  I sent the same list, but modified over an ObjectOutputStream.  Once as [0] and other as [1].  But when I read it, I get [0] twice.  I think this is caused by the fact that I am sending over the same object and ObjectOutputStream must be caching them somehow.  Is this work as it should, or should I file a bug?   import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import java.util.*;  public class OOS {      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {         Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {             public void run() {                 try {                     ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(12344);                     Socket s= ss.accept();                      ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());                     List same = new ArrayList();                     same.add(0);                     oos.writeObject(same);                     same.clear();                     same.add(1);                     oos.writeObject(same);                  } catch(Exception e) {                     e.printStackTrace();                 }             }         });         t1.start();          Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 12344);         ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(s.getInputStream());          // outputs [0] as expected         System.out.println(ois.readObject());          // outputs [0], but expected [1]         System.out.println(ois.readObject());         System.exit(0);     } } What is the difference between user and service account? I would like to know difference between user and service account.  I know that e.g. Jenkins installed to ubuntu is not a user, .    What is use of service account? When we need them? How can I create service account? How can I change my Minecraft username? Possessive form of coordinated noun phrases? Which of the following is accurate in British English to describe our own wedding?        Alex and Jen's Wedding   Alex's and Jen's Wedding   Alex and Jens' Wedding Is it normal for BibTeX to replace similar author names with "------"? In my .bib file, I have two entries with exactly the same author names:  @article{Seshadrinathan2010A-Subjective-St,     Author = {K. Seshadrinathan and R. Soundararajan and A. C. Bovik and L. K. Cormack}, ....  @article{Seshadrinathan2009Study-of-Subjec,     Author = {K. Seshadrinathan and R. Soundararajan and A. C. Bovik and L. K. Cormack}, ....   When cited after each other, and typeset with the IEEEtran bibliography style, the .bbl file reads:  \bibitem{Seshadrinathan2010A-Subjective-St} K.~Seshadrinathan, R.~Soundararajan, A.~C. Bovik, and L.~K. Cormack, ``A   subjective study to evaluate video quality assessment algorithms,''   \emph{SPIE Proceedings Human Vision and Electronic Imaging}, 2010.  \bibitem{Seshadrinathan2009Study-of-Subjec} ------, ``Study of subjective and objective quality assessment of video,''   \emph{IEEE Transactions on Image Processing}, 2009.   As you can see, the author names have been replaced with ------. It looks like this in the final PDF:    Is this normal behavior? Follow up: instance control in Java without enum I understand the proof that  $$Var(aX+bY) = a^2Var(X) +b^2Var(Y) + 2abCov(X,Y), $$  but I don't understand how to prove the generalization to arbitrary linear combinations.  Let $a_i$ be scalars for $i\in {1,\dots ,n}$ so we have a vector $\underline a$, and $\underline X = X_i,\dots ,X_n$ be a vector of correlated random variables. Then $$ Var(a_1X_1 + \dots a_nX_n) = \sum_{i=1}^n a_i^2 \sigma_i^2 + 2 \sum_{i=1}^n \sum_{j&gt;i}^n a_i a_j \text{ Cov}(X_i,X_j)$$  How do we prove this? I imagine there are proofs in the summation notation and in vector notation? Which notation and why: $\text{P}()$, $\Pr()$, $\text{Prob}()$, or $\mathbb{P}()$ I am trying to create a flowchart with Tikz. Since it is a long one, it spans three pages. So after creating a node to stop, I am continuing to the next page using \newpage command. Unfortunately some elements in page 1 are connected to page 2, 3 and vice versa. So when I try to create the arrow connection, it is not possible since the \newpage command comes in between. I am sharing the code with you for info. Could  anyone help me to improve the flowchart so that I could direct the arrows among multiple pages. My sample code is below:  \begin{tikzpicture} \node 1 \node 2 ........ \draw[arrow] (node1)--(node2) \draw[arrow] (node2)--(node3) ---- \end tikzpicture} \newpage \begin{tikzpicture} \node 1 \node 2 ........ \draw[arrow] (node1)--(node2) \draw[arrow] (node2)--(node3) ---- \end tikzpicture} \newpage  \begin{tikzpicture} \node 1 \node 2 ........ \draw[arrow] (node1)--(node2) \draw[arrow] (node2)--(node3) ---- \end tikzpicture} I was wanting to initialize some strings at the top of my script with variables that have no yet been set, such as:  str1='I went to ${PLACE} and saw ${EVENT}' str2='If you do ${ACTION} you will ${RESULT}'   and then later on PLACE, EVENT, ACTION, and RESULT will be set. I want to then be able to print my strings out with the variables expanded. Is my only option eval? This seems to work:  eval "echo ${str1}"   is this standard? is there a better way to do this? It would be nice to not run eval considering the variables could be anything. I am doing exercise 3.24 of Marcus which is the following.           Let $L,K$ be number fields with $L/K$ a finite extension (of degree $[L:K] = n$) with $R = \mathcal{O}_K$ and $S = \mathcal{O}_L$. A  prime $P$ of $R$ is said to be totally ramified in $L$ iff $PS = Q^n$ for some prime $Q$ of $S$.           (a) Show that if $P$ is totally ramified in $L$ then it is totally ramified in $M$ for any intermediate field $M$, $K \subseteq M \subseteq L$.          (b) If $P$ is totally ramified in $L$ and unramified in another extension $L'$ of $K$ then $L \cap L'= K$.           (c) Give a new proof that $\Bbb{Q}(w)$ where $w = e^{2\pi i/m}$ has degree $\varphi(m)$ over $\Bbb{Q}$ (First do it for $m = p^r$ by using the fact that $(p) = (1- w)^{\varphi(m)}$ and then build up to any $m$ by using (b) above.      Now I have done (a) and (b) but when I come to (c) I fail to see how the problem is essentially circular. Even in the case $m = p^r$, I would have to use the fact that the ring of integers of $\Bbb{Q}(w)$ is $\Bbb{Z}[w]$. The proof of this fact already uses knowledge of $[\Bbb{Q}(w) : \Bbb{Q}]$ being equal to $\varphi(m)$. Am I missing something here?  Thanks. Unable to shrink transaction log file in SQL Server I moved to a new company recently wherein they have 2 databases in a SQL server of size 20-25 GB. I'm unable to shrink the log file of the databases. Transaction log backup of the databases are set to run every 30 mins from 6 AM-7PM. They are of size 10 and 2 Gb respectively. I tried to shrink it around 8-9 PM last night but I was not able to do.  The log_reuse_wait column stated it's waiting on a log_backup. I tried taking couple of log backups which didn't help. I ran DBCC OPENTRAN but there are no open transactions.  Also, this morning even after the Tlog backups started at 6:00 AM till now(10:30) it still shows LOG_BACKUP in log_reuse_wait column. And no OPEN TRAN as well.  When I researched on this I found this article from Paul Randal:   It states that if the DB is small and all the content of tlog file is in same VLF it couldn't truncate. I have some 300-400 VLFs in the Databases. So that doesn't make sense here as well.   One thing I noticed that every morning at 6 AM the tlog is a little bigger than the other ones. So I'm thinking to check with the lead DBA to run tlog round the clock. Other than that, I would like to see why is this happening and Am i missing anything.  I tried to shrink with the below command:  Use DB1 go DBCC SHRINKFILE(2,10)  GO   Note: It's SQL 2012 instance running 0n 2012 compatibility The double cone is not a surface. When we find the electric field between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor we assume that the electric field from both plates is $${\bf E}=\frac{\sigma}{2\epsilon_0}\hat{n.}$$ The factor of two in the denominator comes from the fact that there is a surface charge density on both sides of the (very thin) plates. This result can be obtained easily for each plate. Therefore when we put them together the net field between the plates is $${\bf E}=\frac{\sigma}{\epsilon_0}\hat{n}$$ and zero everywhere else. Here, $\sigma$ is the surface charge density on a single side of the plate, or $Q/2A$, since half the charge will be on each side.   But in a real capacitor the plates are conducting, and the surface charge density will change on each plate when the other plate is brought closer to it. That is, in the limit that the two plates get brought closer together, all of the charge of each plate must be on a single side. If we let $d$ denote the distance between the plates, then we must have $$\lim_{d \rightarrow 0}{\bf E}=\frac{2\sigma}{\epsilon_0}\hat{n}$$ which disagrees with the above equation. Where is the mistake in this reasoning?  Or more likely, do our textbook authors commonly assume that we are in this limit, and that this is why the conductor behaves like a perfectly thin charged sheet? Determining the Orbits/Orbit Space of $O(3)$ on Real 3 by 3 Traceless Symmetric Matrices Let $O(n)$ be the set of $3 \times 3$ orthogonal matrices, and $S$ be the set of traceless real symmetric $3 \times 3$ matrices.  Now  $O(n)$ will act on $S$ by conjugation. Note that by the spectral theorem $ \forall A \in S$ in the orbit of $A$ there is a diagonal matrix $D=diag(\lambda_1, \lambda_2,\lambda_3)$ with $\lambda_1\le\lambda_2 \le\lambda_3 $.  Determine the all the orbits of the action &amp; the orbit space of the action.  What I've done:  Since all elements of $S$ are diagonlizable that the orbit of any element should be the orbit of its' diagonalized form because $\forall A \in S,   \exists P \in O(3)$ st  $PAP^t=D $ with $D$ a diagonal matrix and moreover for any other  $Q\in O(3)$ we get $QDQ^t=QPAP^tQ^t=(QP)A(QP)^t=RAR^t$.   And so would that imply the orbit space is just the set of traceless diagonal matrices as $tr(QDQ^t)=tr(DQ^tQ)=tr(Q)$ (cyclic property of trace) and $Q\in S$.  Any help is appreciated. Word for people who live in the same city What are the people who live in the same city are called? Any words for that? I want to use it in the following context:      I and my ____ are happy. Difference between differentiation and derivatives What is the difference between differentiation  and derivatives of a function ? I am using Ubuntu 16.04, with Gnome 3.18. Using extensions I have gotten rid of the dash panel and only use the Applications Menu in the upper left-hand corner of the screen. (I don't have Unity.) What I can't figure out is how do you add a new program, move software around to different categories, and create new categories?  Also, any keyboard shortcut to access the Applications Menu? Where is the cron / crontab log? I was querying data from  using a LINQ query in LINQPAD and found that the data I got back is quite obsolete. I searched for Shekhar-Pro (me) by using a where clause on ID 399722 and the data returned was for 8 Jan 2011. Why was the data so old? Isn't the data updated in real time, or at least frequently? If not, where can I get realtime data?