What is the difference between int(8) and int(5) in mysql? I found out, that if you have a field defined as INT(8) without ZEROFILL it will behave exactly as INT(5)  in both cases the maximum value is  −2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647, from −(2^31) to 2^31 − 1   or do i miss something?  I found this Question:      The (5) represents the display width of the field. From the   , it states:           The display width does not constrain the range of values that can be stored in the column. Nor does it prevent values wider than the column     display width from being displayed correctly. For example, a column     specified as SMALLINT(3) has the usual SMALLINT range of -32768 to     32767, and values outside the range permitted by three digits are     displayed in full using more than three digits.         The display width, from what I can tell, can be used to left-pad   numbers that are less than the defined width. So 00322, instead of   322. TBH, I've never used it.       But it doesn't affect the storage size of the column. An int will take   up more space than a smallint.   so there seems to be no difference then.
INT(5) vs SMALLINT(5): numbers in parenthesis after the numeric type In MySQL table definitions is there a different between INT(5) and SMALLINT(5)?  Or do they both represent the same size?
Problems with Groups in Traminer I'm having a problem using the group function in TraMineR. I have a data set that contains SPELL data, so multiple rows per case. I also have demographic data per case, at one row per case. I merge these together and end up with data that has a demographic covariate per row, so multiple rows per case. An example of this data would be:  id startmin stopmin activity educ4 4      1      20       work    HS 4      20     40       play    HS 8      1      15       sleep   College 8      15     40       work    College   I can make sequence data from this, but when I try to run a plot using the group command        seqiplot(atus.seq, group = atus.seqdata$educ4, border=NA,                 withlegend="right",  cex.plot=.55)   it tells me:       &gt;"Error: group must contain one value for each row in the sequence object".   I have gotten this to work with the example of the mvad data in the training manual, but I can't seem to get it to work with the groups, whether I link to the original demographic data, the merged data, or try to pass the covariates by seqformat and seqdef. Ideas? If my account is already a member of the administrator group why do some functions on Windows 7 require me to run them as administator? I kind of thought that was implied? Why is the electric field inside a conductor zero in equilibrium? My textbook says the field inside a conductor must be zero in order for the system to be equilibrium and therefore there must be no excess charge inside.  Their proof:  1) Place a gaussian surface inside the conductor. Since the system is at equilibrium, all points on the surface must have an electric field of zero.  2) Therefore the net flux is zero, implying the charge inside is zero.  3) If there is no charge inside, all excess charge must lie on the surface.  My problem:  "Since the system is at equilibrium, all points on the surface must have an electric field of zero."  Why?  Consider an conductor with no excess charge. To simplify things, say the conductor consists of a 100 free electrons and a 100 ions of charge 1$e^+$. The conductor is neutral and at equilibrium.  Now consider the field on one specific electron. There a total of 99 other electrons and 100  ions. So there would be a net field acting on that specific electron. So even though the system is at equilibrium, the net field on the individual particles is non-zero.  So a system can be at equilibrium, even if the net field inside is non-zero. What am I misunderstanding?  Another example: Consider a system consisting of one electron and one proton. If nothing is holding them back they will attract each other until they touch. After they touch, the force acting on them is still non-zero, yet they wouldn't accelerate. If photons have no mass, how can they have momentum? Bogus float inequality due to compiler optimization? I love the subset of collective nouns known as the terms of venery. These are collective nouns specific to a particular group of animals. Some of the more inventive examples are: a murder of crows, a crash of rhinos, a mischief of mice, and a puddling of ducks (specifically swimming ducks).  Is there a standard for these group names and is there a central reference for them as with other zoological taxonomy?  I can see in the Wikipedia articles that the practice has its origins in Medieval Hunting tradition, but the Kangaroo (Mob), for instance would have been unknown at that time, so how do new collections come into being? What software can I use to view epub documents? What software can I use to view .epub documents? How do we prove that this set is not manifold? How to create a bootable USB with multiple ISO images in it If low-cost index funds are considered the best investment, why are there so many high-cost, managed funds? Recovering accidentally deleted files I accidentally deleted a file from my laptop. I'm using Fedora. Is it possible to recover the file? Is $2^{|\mathbb{N}|} = |\mathbb{R}|$? Will using 'var' affect performance? Name tikz pic as if it was a node I'm confused about tikz pics. I can freely define them without issue, and even add coordinates inside that will be available by name inheritance like (-A) as for example in \pic (S) at (0,0) {myPic}; \draw (S-A) -- ++(0,0);. This is all documented around p. 255 of the pgf manual.  However I don' understand why it is not possible to give a name to a pic like the one above if no coordinate is defined inside it. By default it would be great if it could behave like a normal node.  MWE:  \documentclass{minimal} \usepackage{tikz}  \tikzset{     myBlock/.pic = {         \node[draw,minimum width=1cm,minimum height=0.5cm] at (0,0) {};     },     myBlockNamed/.pic = {         \node[draw,minimum height=1cm,minimum width=0.5cm] (-m) at (0,0) {};     }, }  \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}     \pic () at (0,0) {myBock}; % can't give it a name     \pic (S) at (3,0) {myBlockNamed}; % can give it a name     \draw (S-A) -- ++(2,0); \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}   The underlying point is I'm working on a control blocs library (so that we can stop the chat below with @Alenanno). For example here is the definition of a math operator  \tikzset{     mySum background/.style = {         circle, minimum size=1.5em, fill=white,     },     mySum edge/.style = {         draw=black, circle, minimum size=1.5em, line width=.5pt,     },     pics/bOp/.style = {     code = {       \node [mySum background] {};       \foreach \t [count=\i] in {#1}{         \pgfmathsetmacro{\angle}{\i*90}         \node[anchor=center, font=\tiny] at (\angle:0.45em) {$\t$};       }       \node [mySum edge] {};     },   }, } Gaussian-like integral : $\int_0^{\infty} e^{-x^2} \cos( a x) \ \mathrm{d}x$ Absolute zero and Heisenberg uncertainty principle I got to read Volume I of Feynmann's lectures. It said that at absolute zero, molecular motion doesn't cease at all, because if that happens, we will be able to make precise determination of position and momentum of the atom. We do know that Heisenberg uncertainty principle holds for microscopic particles in motion. But what then is wrong to consider that all molecular motion ceases at absolute zero? In other words, does the uncertainty principle not hold when there is no motion?  Need some help! How to store and preserve lots of data? I have many DVDs with movies and games, they are getting old and dusty, some of them are damaged. And I have more than 300 GB of general files in my PC. I want to store and preserve all of my data and keep them for a long long time.  I want to know what is the best and more reliable storage media that I should use and... I can buy. I will copy all of my DVDs to a new media and throw all of my DVDs away. It will take a very smaller physical space.  I think that everything that I need to store is currently 800 GB.  I do not like optical discs, because they are fragile and I have lost many CDs and DVDs. Hard drives would be good, but they can suddenly stop working, and it is very expensive to recover data from a broken hard drive.  Other questions: How often will I have to copy the files to a new storage media? Is it good idea to have another copy of each file stored in another storage media?  Edit: If I put all of the movies and games in a HDD, if the HDD stops working, I will lose everything. This is how valuable they are for me: If I lose 10% of them, I will not cry, because I can get new ones, but if I lose 90%, it will be a disaster.  Edit 2: I do not think that that online storage is reliable even if I pay for it, because they may be closed or may get bankrupt. They are not from my country and it would be difficult to get the files back. Is there a good casual online place to practice/learn bridge? I know that Pogo.com (which powers Yahoo Games) has a long running online bridge game and that there are a handful of places for serious tournament/MasterPoint level bridge players online (though most seem based on software written a decade or more ago) but are there any places to play, practice and learn bridge in a more casual manner? Ideally via a well designed modern piece of software? I've seen in every introductory material on LaTeX and in a lot of code of other people (event experts) that the \newcommand command is used by wrapping the first argument in braces, even if it seems unnecessary to me.   The braces are consistent with the usual way arguments are passed to LaTeX commands (since usually the braces are used even if the argument is made of a single token, for consistency and clarity), but in this single case they appear very ugly to me and in my opinion they lower readability.  But these are opinions, while the question is technical: is there any technical reason why one should write this:  \newcommand{\mycmd}[1]{Hello #1}   instead of this:  \newcommand\mycmd[1]{Hello #1} How to create & execute a script file