I am on Kubuntu 17.04. And I wonder - how can I check whether I am on the latest kernel?  I type this in my terminal:  $ uname -r 4.10.0-21-generic   So is it the latest kernel? If not, how can I update it to the latest one?
How can I check the version of the available package in the Ubuntu repositories without installing it?
I'm an elected diamond moderator on one site, and a user of several others. I think it would be extremely helpful for our flagging process if users had the option to enter freeform text explaining their flag on types of flags other than the "in need of moderator attention" flag.  An example of when this is relevant: Sometimes posts have had rude/abusive flags, but the rude/abusive part might be difficult to notice, or it might be a single word or sentence buried somewhere in the middle of the post. Users have to choose between "flag it as rude with no explanation" or "flag it as misc and explain what's going on". Often they'll pick the first because of course it seems like what they should do (e.g. they know the system has special handling attached to rude/abusive flags) but it means they can't explain what's going on to us, so we have to reach out directly in private to find out.  Sometimes it also helps to be able to explain why a comment is no longer needed, because past experience tells me the "no longer needed" flag on its own might be declined on a particular site -- so I pick the custom reason instead of "no longer needed" just so I can provide explanation.  I'd prefer users be able to understand they can pick the appropriate reason and be able to attach any explanation they deem necessary to further direct moderators to the issue. If not for all kinds of flags, then at least for spam or rude/abusive flags. Why can't root on one machine change nfs mounted content from another machine? On my NFS server, I have the following export defined:  #NFS exports Database /shared -alldirs -network=192.168.1 -mask=255.255.255.0   On my NFS client:  192.168.1.7:/shared /shared nfs rw 0 0   Obviously, as root on the server, I can do whatever I want.  On the client however, my regular user 'gabe' can make changes to the nfs mount (assuming I have permissions to), but root cannot.    As my regular user:   gabe@client$ cd /shared gabe@client$ ls -l total 8 drwxrwxrwx  4 gabe  wheel   512 Mar 20 19:20 tmp gabe@client$ cd tmp gabe@client$ touch test.txt gabe@client$ rm test.txt   As root:  # cd /shared/tmp # touch test.txt touch: test.txt: Permission denied   Again, this is all on the NFS client side of things, and I suspect perhaps it has something to do with the -maproot option.  This is the first time I'm setting up NFS and I just noticed this peculiarity.  I'm going to do some reading now, to see if I can figure this out, but if anyone has any insight, I would appreciate it. How will going from 75% Credit Utilization to 0% Credit Utilization affect my credit score? Suppose $\{f_n\} \subset L^+$ , $f_n \rightarrow f$ pointwise, and $\int f = \lim \int f_n &lt; \infty$. Then $\int_{E} f = \lim \int_{E} f_n$ for all $E \in \mathcal{M}$. However, this needn't be true if $\int f = \lim \int f_n = \infty$.   This is the exercise 13 on page 52, Real Analysis, by Gerald B. Folland. $L^+$ is the space of all measurable functions from $(X,\mathcal{M}, \mu)$ to $[0, \infty]$.  I can find a counterexample satisfying $\int f = \lim \int f_n = \infty$. Let $X = \Bbb N$, $\mathcal{M} = \mathcal{P}(\Bbb N)$ and $\mu$ be the counting measure. $f_n = \chi_{\{2i+1:i \leq n\} \cup \{2j:n \leq j \leq 2n \}}$. Then $\int f = \lim \int f_n = \infty$. But when $E = \{2k: k \in \Bbb N\}$,  Then $\int_{E} f =  0$ and $\lim \int_{E} f_n = \infty$.  But how to show the part "$f_n \rightarrow f$ pointwise, and $\int f = \lim \int f_n &lt; \infty$. Then $\int_{E} f = \lim \int_{E} f_n$ for all $E \in \mathcal{M}$"? Since one or two months ago, my laptop with ubuntu 12.10x64 hangs during shutdown. There's just a black screen, no harddisk activity, it justs sits there. I feel it happens near the end of a normal shutdown cycle, judging from time elapsed.  Only resolution is hard power-off (holding power key for several seconds) - neither Ctrl-Alt-Backspace (which normally works, I have it switched on in Settings) nor Ctrl-Alt-Del help, nor can I get into a text console with Ctrl-Alt-F1.   How do I diagnose that? It does not happen on every shutdown, but often enough to be annoying (as it forces a diskcheck on reboot, of course).   Which log files can tell me what's going wrong? More or less blindly searching in the sys log viewer reminds me of needles in a haystack.  I imagine I could pinpoint the time it happens via log timestamps, but how do I read timestamps like e.g. in kern.log: [36169.146130]? How do I get this human-readable?  Lastly, a bit of a btw, I've never managed to execute an Alt-Sysrq-REISUB to force a cleaner shutdown, but that's probably because I'm on a laptop, PrintScr is only accessible via an Fn key, and I'm not sure of the exact key sequence I need. Is there a "harmless" but user-visible magic command I could practice this with (during normal operation), so I can find out how to do a REISUB next time?  Thanks all! Comment if you need additional data... I am currently using Sheep It! to render my blend (built on v2.68c) on multiple computers, and I noticed something rather strange. According to the log on-site, the frames rendered from other people's blends were completing in 3 to 4 minutes. This was on an 4 core i5. My main rig (with an 8 core i7) was completing frames in no less than half an hour. How is this possible?  To clarify, these people's frames are very complex, often with very detailed textures. I have 2 objects in my blend. Below are the options I changed for my blend:   Aspect Ratio: 1000px x 1000px Output: PNG Clamp Indirect: 0.98 Render Sampling: 128 Min Light Bounces: 0 Max Light Bounces: 4 Cycles Render   Is there something in there that I should change to make it go faster? I can't really comprehend how it's going to quickly.  EDIT: To answer what @Duarte asked...   System Specs: i7-920, 3GB DDR3, GT 630, Windows 10 I have two circles, extended to form a sort of coin with a star on it. It is not complex at all. I have Firefox and Steam running in the background, but not actively. I've been away from the computer for 8 hours and noticed this behavior. (I am running Blender from Steam.) I made sure when I began rendering that the blend was set for CPU rendering.          And to answer what @pycoder asked, yes, I am using Cycles Render. What's the typical microclimate in the aircraft passenger cabin? When preparing for a commercial jet flight it'd be nice to know how warm my clothes should be so that I don't freeze after sitting for several hours in say +16 degrees Celsius (61 degrees Fahrenheit).  What's the typical temperature in the passenger cabin? Are there air drafts? How cold and how warm can it reasonably get? Does anyone know the (specific) reasons that it is recommended that old LTS server users wait until the point release to upgrade?  Is it just a matter of bug fixes and waiting for improved stability for production servers, or is there something more fundamental than that? Protect Google Spreadsheet formatting while allowing changes to data I would like to protect the formatting of a cell (or a range of cells) in a Google Spreadsheet, but still allow changing the data in that (or those) cell(s).  For example, I want to add a validation rule on a cell that says the cell has to contain a number between 1 and 10, and I would like others to be able to change the value in that cell, but not the validation rule itself.  How do I do that?  So far I was only able to completely protect the cell (content + formatting) or not at all (the user can change the content as well as the formatting).  To me this seems to be an important functionality when adding access rights to spreadsheets. Is it possible that it is completely missing from Google Spreadsheets? How to sort this JSON A pitcher contains $X + 1$ blue balls and $Y + 1$ red balls. It is known that $X, Y$ are independent random variables, and it is given that $X \sim \mathrm{Poisson}(n), Y \sim\mathrm{Poisson}(2n)$. Calculate the limit: $\displaystyle\lim_{n\to \infty}\mathbb P (X + n = Y) $   I tried to condition on the value of $Y$ and to use the Law of total probability but it did not lead to a solution. ( I tried to sum: $ \sum_{i=0}^\infty\mathbb P(X+n=Y|Y=i)\mathbb P(Y=i) $ and get an expression that I can calculate its limit as n goes to infinity) What is a "callback" in C and how are they implemented? From the reading that I have done, Core Audio relies heavily on callbacks (and C++, but that's another story).    I understand the concept (sort of) of setting up a function that is called by another function repeatedly to accomplish a task.  I just don't understand how they get set up and how they actually work.  Any examples would be appreciated. How to use paging in a WFS query? I am running a GetFeature request against a WFS server which does not support to download all data at once. Can I use ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo to split the dataset into chunks at download them step by step? I wonder how I can construct the actual URL to include the paging filter. Here is what I tried:  http://example.com/wfs.aspx?request=GetFeature&amp;service=WFS&amp;version=1.1.0 \ &amp;typeName=example:example&amp;maxFeatures=50000 \ &amp;FILTER=&lt;ogc:Filter xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"&gt; \ &lt;ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo&gt;&lt;ogc:PropertyName&gt;OBJECTID&lt;/ogc:PropertyName&gt; \ &lt;ogc:Literal&gt;50000&lt;/ogc:Literal&gt;&lt;/ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo&gt;&lt;/ogc:Filter&gt;   This is not a valid URI though... That's why uri-encoded the filter part:  http://example.com/wfs.aspx?request=GetFeature&amp;service=WFS&amp;version=1.1.0 \ &amp;typeName=example:example&amp;maxFeatures=50000 \     &amp;FILTER=%3Cogc%3AFilter%20xmlns%3Aogc%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opengis.net \ %2Fogc%22%3E%3Cogc%3APropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo%3E%3Cogc%3APropertyName%3EOBJECTID \ %3C%2Fogc%3APropertyName%3E%3Cogc%3ALiteral%3E50000%3C%2Fogc%3ALiteral \ %3E%3C%2Fogc%3APropertyIsGreaterThanOrEqualTo%3E%3C%2Fogc%3AFilter%3E   This actually works. Is there a "nicer" way to do this? How can I start up an application with a pre-defined window size and position? I'm wondering is there any way to achieve the affect of the Ctrl-Alt-Keypad shortcuts in Unity using terminal commands instead? I want a command that sets a gui window to half the size of the screen, either left or right aligned.  By way of background, I'm writing a script that runs after log in. It uses Zenity to ask whether or not I want to open my development environment (GVim and IPython side-by-side). I have been trying to achieve two equal-sized windows for these programmes by using set lines= columns= in my .gvimrc and c.IPythonWidget.width = and c.IPythonWidget.height = in my ipython_qtconsole_config.py. However, there are problems associated with this approach. What books are recommended for learning calculus on my own? I recently graduated with a degree in bachelor of science with a focus interactive and multimedia design. I had to opportunity to take 1 C++ course and 1 HTML course. I was also only required to take one math class, introduction to calculus (and it was hardly calculus, it was more of a math class for designers)  Since graduating I have pursued a career in web development. I'm considering going back for a MS in computer science or MS in web technologies.   I feel my math has suffered dramatically as I have always been behind most others on my math studies (middle school through college). I want to learn calculus as I feel it's an integral part of any CS degree.   Does anyone have any recommendations on any great books that I can read through and teach my self a bit of calculus or other advanced math topics?  Thanks for any advice I've just had to write a string reverse function in C# 2.0 (i.e. LINQ not available) and came up with this:  public string Reverse(string text) {     char[] cArray = text.ToCharArray();     string reverse = String.Empty;     for (int i = cArray.Length - 1; i &gt; -1; i--)     {         reverse += cArray[i];     }     return reverse; }   Personally I'm not crazy about the function and am convinced that there's a better way to do it. Is there? We always change subject and verb positions in whenever we want to ask a question such as "What is your name?". But when it comes to statements like the following, which form is correct?        I don't understand what are you talking about.   I don't understand what you are talking about.      Another example        Do you know what time is it?   Do you know what time it is?      Another example        Do you care how do I feel about this?   Do you care how I feel about this? A subring of the field of fractions of a PID is a PID as well. Let $A$ be a PID and $R$ a ring such that $A\subset R \subset \operatorname{Frac}(A)$, where $\operatorname{Frac}(A)$ denotes the field of fractions of $A$. How to show $R$ is also a PID?   Any hints? Steganography - How many bytes of information can you hide in a $1024 \times 768$ photo? Your Mileage May Vary In the United States we have a saying, "your mileage may vary", which means "your experience may be different".  In English-speaking countries that don't use Imperial miles, is there an equivalent expression?