Wikipedia says that it is a idealized or physical device that implements the Boolean function.  By this definition I tend to think every digital circuits (say a counter or encoder) as a logic gate.  But it also says that "Logic circuits include such devices as multiplexers, registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), and computer memory, all the way up through complete microprocessors, which may contain more than 100 million gates". So according to this every complex digital circuit is not an logic gate but they are made up of logic gates.  Then I confused by the definition of logic gates. If multiplexer is not a logic gate then I tend to think XOR gate also not as logic gate. Can anyone explain this?
So from what I understand transistors are one of the most important electronic elements for computers because of TTL (Transistors-Transistors Logic).  Is this true? If so, how exactly does this work? I have heard the terms "logic gate" and "logic block" tossed around.
zsh scripting - How do I NOT match a pattern in filename generation? I'm currently trying to loop through a set of directories, but only the ones I care about.   $ ls -d */ cfdpost_statefiles/     p050L0260/  p050L0510/  p060L0390/  p070L0260/  p070L0510/  p092L0390/  p097L0260/  p110L0390/  p131L0325/  p150L0510/  profiles/ ERCOFTAC_TestSettings/  p050L0390/  p060L0260/  p060L0510/  p070L0390/  p084L0510/  p094L0325/  p100L0510/  p125L0510/  p136L0260/  p162L0260/  settings/   I want to match all the p###* directories except for the ones beginning with p125 and p150.  If I just do patterns with a pipe, I get:  $ for dir in ./p(125|150)*(/); echo $dir ./p125L0510 ./p150L0510   However, if I try and use the ^ like it shows :  $ for dir in ./p^(125|150)*(/); echo $dir zsh: no matches found: ./p^(125|150)*(/)   Any ideas how to proceed? "Within" and "in" when referring to time Is binary logistic regression a special case of multinomial logistic regression when the outcome has 2 levels? Right-Click menu awareness on Web Application The web application I am building has a custom right-click menu. I'm concerned that the user might not find this menu as normally right-clicking will only display the default browser's menu. Is there a standard way to make the user aware of custom right-click menus? Is there another way to show this information? Divergence of $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\cos(\log(n))}{n}$ Adding parentheses around subfig references Say I have a figure with two subfloats inserted using the subfig package.  When I reference them with \ref{myLabel} I get this     Figure 3.5a and 3.5b.     But what I want is this:     Figure 3.5(a) and 3.5(b).   How can I add the parentheses? Independent samples t-test with unequal sample sizes I have two independent groups: from one I have drawn a sample of size less than 30 due to its small population, while the second group has sample size 100.  Is it appropriate to use an independent samples t-test in this case? How do I convert html page to SharePoint 2013 master page? There is functionality provided in SP2013 for converting html page to SharePoint master page. I have tried this functionality but each time it convert nothing. Is there any specific method that I need to follow? Or is there any specif layouts of html page need to be converted into SP 2013 master page? For instance, does the compiler know to translate  string s = "test " + "this " + "function";   to  string s = "test this function";   and thus avoid the performance hit with the string concatenation? Check for missing fonts/characters in XeLaTeX? Ice skater increase of energy This may be a very basic question but I am not seeing how it works. Consider the standard example of an ice skate rotating about his/her center of mass and pulling in his/her arms. The torque is zero so we have conservation of angular momentum. This implies that $\omega$ increases to keep $I\omega$ constant, but then $K_{rot}=\frac{1}{2}I\omega^2$ doesn't stay constant, it increases. This implies that there is work done, but what force is doing this work? Installing an HP Laserjet 1000 I've already installed hplip, it printed a test page, but it won't print from any program. It shows the printer in the list of printers, and it's checked as the default printer. I've restarted a couple times.   When I plugged the USB cable for the printer into the computer after installing hplip, it said printer detected. Then after a couple seconds it said the printer was ready for use.   When I send something to the printer, a pop-up shows that a document was sent to the printer - but there's a triangle with an exclamation point in it next to the message. A few seconds another pop-up indicates that the printer has completed printing the job but it didn't print anything. Combinations of fields to be unique I have a custom object. I want to put in a business rule so that a combination of two fields must be unique.   So I have Field1 and Field2 and want the combination to be unique:  Field1=4, Field2=7 Field1=4, Field2=8   is ok  But,   Field1=4, Field2=7 Field1=4, Field2=7   is not ok  What is the easiest / best way to do this? Thanks. How to fix error W: Target Packages (main/binary-amd64/Packages) is configured multiple times in my sources.list file? We use unit length Quaternion to represent rotations. Following is a general rotation matrix obtained ${\begin{bmatrix}m_{00} &amp; m_{01}&amp;m_{02} \\ m_{10} &amp; m_{11}&amp;m_{12}\\  m_{20} &amp; m_{21}&amp;m_{22}\end{bmatrix}}_{3\times 3}\tag 1 $.   How do I accurately calculate quaternion $q = q_1i+q_2j+q_3k+q_4$for this matrix?Means   how can we write $q_i$s interms of given $m_{ij}$  accurately? Does the following limit exist? $$\lim_{x \to 0} x\sin\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)$$  If yes, then I have to find it; if no, then I need to give reason why. I couldn’t figure out how to prove this formally, can someone please help me out. Redirect console output to textbox in separate program Is it a scam if the person only wants to deposit into my account, not make a withdrawal? A man in  west  coast  Austria wants to deposit money  into  my account.  I'm in Alabama.  I had to get an online  account.  I did that, but he says his bank manager  needs all this information:   DOB SSN    online access username  online access  password   security  question and answer   bank name   bank address   bank number  person who is on the account     their name their address    account no   routing no     OK. Is it safe  to do this or am I being scammed?  I don't want him  to be able to end up withdrawing all my money instead of depositing money. US and Canada border crossing and computer privacy: What do I need to know? I've read stories about border officials searching laptops when crossing the border in one direction or the other. Does this really happen, typically speaking?  As a US citizen, can I be forced to give them my laptop's password for any/no reason? I don't believe they are allowed to deny entry to the US to a US citizen? ....but who knows these days?  Canada can deny me entry for any reason, so that's fine. But in practice, does this even happen in either crossing direction?  EDIT - I've now made the trip. They didn't so much as glance in the direction of my laptop. My biggest issue turned out to be lack of international wireless data service! How do you handle "that that"? The double "that" problem