I heard - (from an official MtG judge) - that Wrath of God ("Destroy all creatures") destroys creatures with the Shroud ability, because it doesn't target a single creature, it targets all creatures.   Is this really true? In my opinion it is very illogical.
Note: this is intended to be a canonical question about whether or not a spell or ability targets so there are multiple sub-questions.   Can Hexproof or Shroud save my creature from ? What about a  that was cast for it's Overload cost? Does shroud prevent me from using the Monstrosity ability of a creature, or from giving it more counters with Proliferate? Can I cast an Aura Enchantment on one of my creatures with Shroud, or an opponent's creature with Hexproof? Or can I use the Equip ability to attach an equipment to one of my creatures with Shroud? Will 's ability trigger when my opponent plays ? And will I have to sacrifice my  if my opponent casts ? Will Shroud or Hexproof prevent an opponent from choosing me with 's ability? Will Hexproof keep one of my creatures from being affected by ? If an Aura or Equipment is attached to a creature with Hexproof, does the Hexproof protect the attached permanent?
$GL_n(\mathbb F_q)$ has an element of order $q^n-1$ For fixed prime power $q$ show that the general linear group $GL_n(\mathbb F_q)$ of invertible matrices with entries in the finite field $\mathbb F_q$ has an element of order $q^n-1$.   I tried to show this question with showing diagonal matrix but i can't find element directly  competible with order i think i am on wrong way please give me clue ? How to download all files from Ubuntu One? Best choice between using \\ or leaving space after each paragraph to end the paragraph From this paper:     Shouldn't $du$ be $dt$? And also how do you get from that line to the final result if $du$ is not $dt$? MSTest Code Coverage Google Mobile Friendly test shows "other error" for resource loads I get the error "Couldn't load 23 page resources" when doing the mobile friendly test at     However, the error message is (the rather unfriendly) "Other error."  When I visit the site in Chrome using Developer Tools and setting the device toolbar to "Responsive," it works fine with no errors, and when I go the Google Search Console and do Crawl->Fetch As Google, I get no errors. Pass a PHP string to a JavaScript variable (and escape newlines) dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) nginx The Software up-to-date Option automatically download the upgrade for nginx. but While installing it's giving me the following error:  Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed:   nginx 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/434 kB of archives. After this operation, 977 kB of additional disk space will be used. (Reading database ... 291344 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking nginx (from .../nginx_1.4.7-1~precise_amd64.deb) ... ----------------------------------------------------------------------  Thanks for using nginx!  Please find the official documentation for nginx here: * http://nginx.org/en/docs/  Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on: * http://nginx.com/products/  ---------------------------------------------------------------------- dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/nginx_1.4.7-1~precise_amd64.deb (--unpack):  trying to overwrite '/etc/logrotate.d/nginx', which is also in package nginx-common 1.4.6-1+precise0 dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Errors were encountered while processing:  /var/cache/apt/archives/nginx_1.4.7-1~precise_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)   Actually that file /etc/logrotate.d/nginx does not exist in this folder. Converting a list of tuples into a dict I have a list of tuples like this:  [ ('a', 1), ('a', 2), ('a', 3), ('b', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 1), ]   I want to iterate through this keying by the first item, so, for example, I could print something like this:  a 1 2 3 b 1 2 c 1   How would I go about doing this without keeping an item to track whether the first item is the same as I loop around the tuples? This feels rather messy (plus I have to sort the list to start with)... In the sentence: "I didn't know she had a son,"   Can I say "I didn't know she has a son" instead, because he is a teenager now?  Or are both correct? How to find the value of $\lim_{n\to\infty}S(n)$, where $S(n)$ is given by $$S(n)=\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{n} \dfrac{k}{n^2+k^2}$$   is unable to calculate it.  This is a question from a questions booklet, and the options for the answer are--  $\begin{align} &amp;A) \dfrac{\pi}{2} \\ &amp;B) \log 2 \\ &amp;C) \dfrac{\pi}{4} \\ &amp;D) \dfrac{1}{2} \log 2 \end{align}$ The weighted sum of two independent Poisson random variables Using wikipedia I found a way to calculate the probability mass function resulting from the sum of two Poisson random variables. However, I think that the approach I have is wrong.  Let $X_1, X_2$ be two independent Poisson random variables with mean $\lambda_1, \lambda_2$, and $S_2 =  a_1 X_1+a_2 X_2$, where the $a_1$ and $a_2$ are constants, then the probability-generating function of $S_2$ is given by $$ G_{S_2}(z) = \operatorname{E}(z^{S_2})= \operatorname{E}(z^{a_1 X_1+a_2 X_2}) G_{X_1}(z^{a_1})G_{X_2}(z^{a_2}). $$ Now, using the fact that the probability-generating function for a Poisson random variable is $G_{X_i}(z) = \textrm{e}^{\lambda_i(z - 1)}$, we can write the probability-generating function of the sum of the two independent Poisson random variables as $$ \begin{aligned} G_{S_2}(z) &amp;= \textrm{e}^{\lambda_1(z^{a_1} - 1)}\textrm{e}^{\lambda_2(z^{a_2} - 1)}  \\ &amp;= \textrm{e}^{\lambda_1(z^{a_1} - 1)+\lambda_2(z^{a_2} - 1)}. \end{aligned} $$ It seems that the probability mass function of $S_2$ is recovered by taking derivatives of $G_{S_2}(z)$ $\operatorname{Pr}(S_2 = k) = \frac{G_{S_2}^{(k)}(0)}{k!}$, where $G_{S_2}^{(k)} = \frac{d^k G_{S_2}(z)}{ d z^k}$.  Is this is correct? I have the feeling I cannot just take the derivative to obtain the probability mass function, because of the constants $a_1$ and $a_2$. Is this right? Is there an alternative approach?  If this is correct can I now obtain an approximation of the cumulative distribution by truncating the infinite sum over all k? How to solve 5x5 grid with 16 diagonals? What is the difference between class and instance attributes? Is there any meaningful distinction between:  class A(object):     foo = 5   # some default value   vs.  class B(object):     def __init__(self, foo=5):         self.foo = foo   If you're creating a lot of instances, is there any difference in performance or space requirements for the two styles? When you read the code, do you consider the meaning of the two styles to be significantly different? Sorting multiple keys with Unix sort Is there a good tool/program that allows me to clone a system drive to another, smaller hard drive?  I've bought a new 64GB SSD drive and would like to move my current Windows 7 Professional 64-bit installation to that new drive. My current drive is a 200GB SATA drive with one partition only. Of course there's enough free space to shrink my current partition to less than 64GB. When I install "Installer for Microsoft TrueType core fonts" (ttf-mscorefonts-installer) from the Software Center on 14.04, it gives a positive response--but after this I get a download error. It seems that the files actually providing the fonts are never retrieved. Is there any way to resolve this? What is the best way to save values (like strings) for later use? I'm fairly new to LaTeX and I'm struggling with something apparently simple, but for which I can't find a fair solution. The problem (simplified) is as follows (please take care terms used may not have the traditional meaning in LaTeX):  I need to references to files (many) throughout a text. As example, the files:  "C:/Work/this_file1.c", "C:/MoreWork/this_file1.c" and "D:/MoreWork/another_file2.h".  So, now I would like to create an "alias" to each directory and each name file so I can reference them. A "pseudocode" could be:  % Definition \alias \c_dir = C:/Work/ \alias \d_dir = D:/MoreWork/ \alias \file1 = this_file1.c \alias \file2 = another_file2.h  % Reference in text \c_dir\file1    % For referencing C:/Work/this_file1.c \d_dir\file1    % For referencing D:/MoreWork/this_file1.c \c_dir\file2    % For referencing C:/Work/another_file2.h   My first approach was using \newcommand, but that caused numerous problems due to naming limitations. (I also tried other methods like pgfkeys, but it always gets stuck somewhere!)  Can you suggest a method? An investigator wishes to produce a combined analysis of several datasets.  In some datasets there are paired observations for treatment A and B.  In others there are unpaired A and/or B data.  I am looking for a reference for an adaptation of the t-test, or for a likelihood ratio test, for such partially paired data.  I am willing to (for now) to assume normality with equal variance and that the population means for A are the same for each study (and likewise for B). apache2 mod_rewrite redirect without http body