I'm trying to confirm the method by which the body physically loses weight during "long-term" weight loss.  I'm specifying "long-term" here because obviously there are lots of ways to temporarily lose weight.  Loss of water (jogging in the sun while wearing garbage bags to promote sweating?) can potentially lead to quick weight loss, but presumably the body just reclaims that water later.  I'm referring to scenarios where a person, for instance, loses 100 pounds over a course of months via lifestyle changes like exercise and dieting.  When this happens, how does the human body physically remove the weight?  It's long been my understanding that the answer is, effectively, "by breathing it out" (you breath in O2 and breath out CO2, with CO2 weighing more).  This fact has always amused me (it's hard to imagine someone losing 100 pounds one breath at a time).  I mentioned this "fact" to my wife recently and she looked at me very incredulously.  I then realized two things: I had come to this conclusion myself but never actually verified it, and I wasn't sure how to explain the details enough to convince my very dubious wife.  I'm especially curious how much weight is actually lost (on average) per breath, and if there might be other physical processes which contribute to long-term weight loss.  Obviously I'd be especially interested to find out that my expectation is completely wrong!
When your body burns calories and you lose weight, obviously mass is leaving your body.  In what form does it leave?  In other words, what is the physical process by which the body loses weight when it burns its fuel?    Somebody said it leaves the body in the form of heat but I knew this is wrong, since heat is simply the internal kinetic energy of a lump of matter and doesn't have anything do with mass.  Obviously the chemical reactions going on in the body cause it to produce heat, but this alone won't reduce its mass.
What's the best way of checking if an object property in JavaScript is undefined? How To Group Records By Value In A Specific Field? I have a List of records of type abc__c. abc__c is a custom object. The record has a field called code__c. What I am trying to accompolish is to group the records in the list based on the code__c.  For example the list might have :  Code__c     abc__c record 30       (Record 1) 40       (Record 2) 40       (Record 3) 50       (Record 4) 30       (Record 5)   I want to group these records based on Code__c in a Map. There could be any number of code__c which is populated dynamically. It is not static. how can I loop through the list and store the records as a list for a particular code__c(Id) in Map? Seeking English term for relationship between two members of extended family? Here at the Genealogy and Family History Stack Exchange we see many questions about relationship mapping which is also known as:   relationship calculation kinship terminology etc   If you are just trying to understand how to calculate "cousins and removes" then  provides an excellent guide.  However, if you are seeking an English term for a more complicated relationship between two members of an extended family, rather than asking a question like:          site users are encouraged to first review the answers below.    Note: This Q&amp;A arises from  and is set to  to help make it canonical. Does going outside of range or line of sight after casting a spell have any effect? Does going outside the range of the spell or breaking line of sight between the caster and target break concentration or otherwise affect control over the spell?  For example, a Heat Metal spell has a range of 60 ft. If I cast the Heat Metal spell on a an armored foe, and that foe runs outside the range of the spell (60 ft), or around the corner, does that break concentration and end the spell? Heat Metal also allows you to use a bonus action to cause the 2d8 of damage — would exercising that option be prevented by being out of range or line of sight? Proving an inequality by induction, how to figure out intermediate inductive steps? I'm working on proving the following statement using induction:  $$ \sum_{r=1}^n \frac{1}{r^2} \le \frac{2n}{n+1} $$  Fair enough. I'll start with the basis step:  Basis Step: (n=1) $$ \sum_{r=1}^n \frac{1}{r^2} \le \frac{2n}{n+1} $$ $$ \frac{1}{1^2} \le \frac{2}{1+1} $$ $$ 1 \le 1  \checkmark  $$  Inductive Step: $$ \sum_{r=1}^{n+1} \frac{1}{r^2} \le \frac{2(n+1)}{(n+1)+1} $$ $$ \sum_{r=1}^{n+1} \frac{1}{r^2} \le \frac{2(n+1)}{n+2} $$  My goal is to prove $\forall_{n\ge1} s(n) \implies s(n+1) $ or that this inequality holds true for all $n\ge1$.  I'm not quite sure to go from here on the inductive step. I understand that I need to basically work some clever substitution and manipulation into the problem to end up with: $$ \sum_{r=1}^{n+1} \frac{1}{r^2} \le \frac{2n}{n+1} $$  However, I'm not quite sure what needs to done to obtain this after attempting a few times. A isometric map in metric space is surjective? What is different about the Mac ISO image? I am trying to update to install PHP 5.5, 5.6 or 7.0 in Ubuntu 12.04/14.04/16.04 LTS, and I can only get PHP 5.3.10 for Ubuntu 12.04, PHP 5.5.9 for Ubuntu 14.04 or PHP 7.0.4 for Ubuntu 16.04 using official repositories (using apt-get).  I'm not really sure how to do a manual update – as I need:   to play around with the new(est) PHP features to install older PHP version due support in the software How can I turn off "middle mouse button paste" functionality in all programs? I don't like having the middle mouse button paste, because I often end up with uncompilable code in Eclipse. How can I turn this off (in all programs)? I'm running Fedora. Problem with pstricks and htlatex/tex4ht Consider the following MWE:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{pst-all}  \begin{document}   \begin{pspicture}(0,-3)(12,5)       \psline[linewidth=2pt]{-&gt;}(1.5,0)(0,0)   \end{pspicture} \end{document}   This compiles fine with latex (not with pdflatex) but when run with htlatex it leads to the ghostscript error:  System call: dvips -E -q -Ppdf -f q.idv -pp 2 &gt; zzq.ps System return: 0 System call: gs -sDEVICE=pngalpha -sOutputFile=q0x.png -r110x110 -dEPSCrop -dBackgroundColor=16#ffffff -dTextAlphaBits=2 -dGraphicsAlphaBits=2 -q -dbatch -dNOPAUSE zzq.ps -c quit Error: /configurationerror in --setpagedevice-- Additional information: [/PageSize [0 0]] Operand stack:    --nostringval--   (%%BoundingBox: 72 72 72 72)   --dict:1/2(ro)(G)--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   (%%BoundingBox: 72 72 72 72)   1   72   72   false   --dict:1/1(L)-- Execution stack:    %interp_exit   .runexec2   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   2   %stopped_push   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   false   1   %stopped_push   1951   1   3   %oparray_pop   1950   1   3   %oparray_pop   --nostringval--   1934   1   3   %oparray_pop   1820   1   3   %oparray_pop   --nostringval--   %errorexec_pop   .runexec2   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   2   %stopped_push   --nostringval--   %ztokenexec_continue   (scanner state)   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   1913   10   3   %oparray_pop   --nostringval--   --nostringval--   --dict:1/10(L)--   --nostringval--   15   %dict_continue Dictionary stack:    --dict:1190/1684(ro)(G)--   --dict:0/20(G)--   --dict:82/200(L)-- Current allocation mode is local Last OS error: Invalid argument Current file position is 169 GPL Ghostscript 9.16: Unrecoverable error, exit code 1 --- Warning --- System return: 256 Entering q.css Entering q.tmp   This code used to work fine. From other examples I suspect that the problem has something to do with dvips having trouble determining the bounding box for the image (compare with  -- although the solution given here, of using separate files for each image, is not a viable solution for me), but I have not been able to work out what the problem is.  Does anyone have any ideas? Ubuntu 12.04 boots to TTY1 Alrighty, I have perused the threads already in existence and am finding none of them seem to have the exact combination of variables I've got going.  I'm working on a computer using Ubuntu 12.04. Currently, it boots straight into tty1  Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS [computer name] tty1  [computer name] login: Password:   Login leads to:  Last login: Wed Mar 19 13:47:11MDT 2014 on tty1  Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-32generic-pae i686   The owner of the computer stated that this issue happened after a recent update, if that gives anyone a hint as to the specific location of the graphics failure.   I'm capable of booting into the GUI utilizing startx, but am frankly at a loss of where to go from here. Years of Windows has molded me into a GUI heavy kinda person, so, if possible, work off the assumption that I've no idea what you're talking about and break it down to the simplest of steps.  Thanks! Why is it possible to conclude everything from a false statement? Possible Duplicates:             I heard a professor of mathematics explaining that the following conslusions are true.   $\textrm{False}\Rightarrow \textrm{True}$ $\textrm{False}\Rightarrow \textrm{False}$   Could someone please explain to me why both conclusions are true? I am especially interested in the first case. I'd like to hear two explanations if possible: One for mathematicians and one for non-mathematicians. :-) What does "isomorphic" mean in linear algebra? How do I "parent" objects? OAuth 2.0 access token request failed with error "must use HTTP POST" OAuth 2.0 Auth token request failed with below error   { "error": "invalid_request", "error_description": "must use HTTP POST" }   What does this error mean?  I am using Postman. Have a connected app. I have used Post method, Url has https. Same request works for other Orgs. Did I missed any configuration/Permission check?  https://testOrg.lightning.force.com/services/oauth2/token?grant_type=password&amp;client_id={{CLIENT_ID}}&amp;client_secret={{CLIENT_SECRET}}&amp;username={{USER_ID}}&amp;password={{PASSWORD}} Per the 's Wild Magic Surge table (PHB, p. 104)     07-08: You cast fireball as a 3rd-level spell centered on yourself.   There's other questionable area spells in that list (grease is a 10 foot square, so your square and which three?), but I'll focus on spheres like  (PHB p. 241):     (...) Each creature in a 20-foot-radius sphere centered on the point must (...)   My problem is, the sources I found so far - including the   to similar questions here - talk about measuring spheres from grid square intersections, whereas this clearly talks about it being centered on the unlucky Wild Magic sorcerer. Plus, since it's a wild magic effect, it doesn't exactly have a caster that can pick a point of origin. Is there an accepted way to measure an effect like this? What is a tty, and how do I access a tty? How to force the evaluation of a lambda term in haskell to the strong normal form "Dangling Participles" My case here is that I was writing something for school, and my teacher explained an error which I really can't see. She referred to articles about &quot;dangling participles&quot;, which was previously unknown to me. I find it hard to relate the examples I've found about it to my situation. So this is a text I've written and the bold part is where the problem arises: (You could read only the bold part if you please)  Wandering, and lost in his thoughts, there is a deep despair occupying the mind of this man. He is barely aware of his surroundings, except for those few moments when the loud blissful voices break through the protective barriers, developed by his immense sadness and grave frustration, into his mind. ”How can they all possibly be so happy?” he thinks to himself. Staring blindly, with his head low, as he walks in a slow pace, whispering ”Mary, Mary, my Mary,” over and over again. Yesterday was her funeral. She had passed away from a severe type of cancer, at a relatively young age. It was his wife. They had been together since high school and were greatly attached to each other. Having spent nearly half his life by her side, we cannot but imagine his grief. Indeed, he could hardly picture a life without her. So, alone he roams in the midst of all the seemingly incessant cheering and noises, drowned by his sorrow.  Her comments on that part was:  we is slightly out of place here – see my comment below These few sentences are about him and his emotions, so ‘we’ seems out of place. If the sentence starts: ‘Having spent nearly half his life by her side’, the reader expects it to continue: ‘he’. After all we have not spent half our lives by her side.  Is she right? If so, could anyone try to explain why? What is a good way to draw images using pygame?