I am using Ubuntu 18.10. Sometimes, when some program has just crashed, a window pops up saying the following: "Sorry, Ubuntu 18.10 has experienced an internal error. Send problem report to the developers?" Then there are three buttons: "Show details", "Don't send" and "Send".  If I click "Show details" then it does show details nicely, for example that "gjs-console crashed with SIGABRT" and lots of other info. It seems like a good idea to send this to the developers, so I click "Send". Then the window is closed. I do not get any confirmation that anything was actually sent. I would have liked to get some confirmation like "OK, problem report sent successfully" or something but there is no such confirmation so I am a little worried that something went wrong when I clicked the "Send" button.  My questions:   Is anything actually sent to the developers? Is there any way for me to verify that something was actually sent? Can I even see the details of the resulting automatically generated problem report in a public bug tracking system somewhere?   EDIT: according to an answer here:  it should be possible to see the resulting bug report by going to  but that does not work for me -- that page just says "There are currently no open bugs." So I am still not sure if any problem report was really sent and if so, where did it end up.  EDIT 2: this seems related also:  but after reading that I still don't know how to verify if a problem report was really sent.  EDIT 3: in /var/log/syslog there are a few lines mentioning "whoopsie" saying for example "Uploading /var/crash/_usr_bin_gjs-console.1000.crash." and "Sent; server replied with: No error" which sounds good. Also, the file /var/crash/_usr_bin_gjs-console.1000.crash does seem to contain all the collected error report info.
How can I find my Bug-report that I submitted from the Desktop on launchpad?  I have found a partial solution to my own question:  The program that sends the Bug-reports from the desktop is called apport. It doesn't requires a launchpad account. The service whoopsie submits the Bug-Report directly to the server daisy.ubuntu.com (I'm not sure if those bugs actually appear on launchpad publicly.)  But I found my Bug-Report on my Harddisk in /var/crash/ .  From there I can copy and paste parts of the file to my opened bug on launchpad. Thanks for your tips.  Original question:  I had a severe bug, and I found someone with the same problem in launchpad. After I found a temporary fix I was able to submit the bug with the ubuntu-bug-reporter.  How can I find this ubuntu-bug-reporter generated bug-report in launchpad? I would like to combine those two bug-reports (mark as duplicate). Because the generated one has all the debug information and the other one has the description of this bug.
To mean "He is a friend of mine who I love" or "He is a friend of mine that I love", can I say "He is a friend of mine I love"? When I omit "who" or "that" in that sentence, it sounds wrong to me. I think I am not used to that structure. What do you think?  Note: I know (that) relative pronouns can be dropped like in "He is someone (that/who) I love", but in the sentence I gave, I think it is wrong to omit it because "a friend" was already modified by "of mine".  Context: I am talking about a friend, and I am saying I love him. How do I mount shared folders in Ubuntu using VMware tools? Experts. I've successfully installed VMware tools for Ubuntu. Everything seems to work fine, but shared folders were not mounted automatically. How do I get them to work?  If I run vmware-hgfsclient in terminal, I get the list of shared folders, but ls -l /mnt/hgfs is empty. Actually there's no hgfs dir in /mnt. I know I should probably use the vmware-hgfsclient tool, but I realy don't know how.   P.S. I wouldn't ask if I could understand the vmware-hgfsclient help I've read.   Any suggestions? I have got a specific folder located in "/home/.../reboot/".  I have a series of users that require read-only access to the ever changing files within.  My problem is that the same users are not authorized to view any of the parent directory files.  Right now, the only thing I have in place is that their starting folder is at "/home/.../reboot/" by changing the etc/passwd file; and I need to block all access to other folders.  How could I only give them access to this directory? When no model comparison, should I use REML vs ML? I'm running LMM, and I will make no comparison of models. Could I ask which one should I use between REML and ML? Prove $n!>2^n$ for $n\geq4$ using induction. I just want to know if my proof to this question is correct. First, I proved it was true for $n = 4$. $$4!&gt;2^4$$ $$24&gt;16$$ Then, I assumed that it was true for $n=k$. $$k!&gt;2^k$$ Afterwards, I tried to prove it for $n=k+1$. $$(k+1)!&gt;2^{k+1}$$ $$(k+1)k!&gt;(2)(2^k)$$ Since $k!&gt;2^k$, am I allowed to simply do $$(k+1)(2^k)&gt;(2)(2^k)$$ $$(k+1)&gt;2$$ and this is true for all $k\geq3$. Would the last two steps be illegal because I only assumed that $k!&gt;2^k$ is true? Is my phone liable to explode if I charge it with a charger that came with a different phone? How can I remove the new weather information from the taskbar? The Windows 10 April 2018 Update includes a new feature called Timeline which tacks the activities and allows you to see what you have done earlier, sends it to Microsoft servers, so that you can resume work on a 2nd device, which is connected to the same Microsoft account when you press the Tasks View button in the taskbar:    How can I disable the Timeline because I don't want that my activity gets tracked? How do  I create a desktop wallpaper slideshow with my own set of images?   With the images coming from a pictures folder, or pre-selected With the images displayed in order, or randomly With the images changing every few minutes, or after random periods of time Can a person residing in Singapore on a 5-month Employment Pass apply for a Schengen visa? What does `:-` mean in a shell script I saw this in the end of an awesome shell script but I can't understand the login here because I think it's being short-handed for a longer command.  spark ${@:-`cat`}   This apears at the end of . Any ideas?  + Marks for some one who extends it into a full segment of code, even if its slower (Better for explanation) In PHP, the HEREDOC string declarations are really useful for outputting a block of html.  You can have it parse in variables just by prefixing them with $, but for more complicated syntax (like $var[2][3]), you have to put your expression inside {} braces.  In PHP 5, it is possible to actually make function calls within {} braces inside a HEREDOC string, but you have to go through a bit of work.  The function name itself has to be stored in a variable, and you have to call it like it is a dynamically-named function.  For example:  $fn = 'testfunction'; function testfunction() { return 'ok'; } $string = &lt;&lt;&lt; heredoc plain text and now a function: {$fn()} heredoc;   As you can see, this is a bit more messy than just:  $string = &lt;&lt;&lt; heredoc plain text and now a function: {testfunction()} heredoc;   There are other ways besides the first code example, such as breaking out of the HEREDOC to call the function, or reversing the issue and doing something like:  ?&gt; &lt;!-- directly output html and only breaking into php for the function --&gt; plain text and now a function: &lt;?PHP print testfunction(); ?&gt;   The latter has the disadvantage that the output is directly put into the output stream (unless I'm using output buffering), which might not be what I want.  So, the essence of my question is: is there a more elegant way to approach this?  Edit based on responses: It certainly does seem like some kind of template engine would make my life much easier, but it would require me basically invert my usual PHP style.  Not that that's a bad thing, but it explains my inertia..  I'm up for figuring out ways to make life easier though, so I'm looking into templates now. Well, may be this is not really useful, but I've thought if it was possible to put all the document in one long page. I mean, if your document is going to be read in a computer, mix all the pages in a continuous page. If your document has 90 pages (A4), where each one is 21cm by 29.7cm the continuous document should be (more or less) one page which is 21cm by 90 · 29.7 = 2673cm. Is this possible? EDIT: Some things I would like to achieve:  The \newpage, \chapter{}, \part{}, etc. shouldn't go to a new page, they should only add more vertical space. The package pdfpages should add the pages continuously with almost no space between them. The titlepage, in this case, has a different color, so it could go alone in a basic A4 page (just to make things easier).  Question Is this possible? We have $n$ charged and $n$ uncharged batteries and a radio which needs two charged batteries to work. Caps-lock remapping stops working What can I do about uncounterable spells? I cast , sacrificing my only creature to kill my opponent.  My opponent responds with , which will win the game the other way.  Last Word says "This spell can't be countered."  What else can I do about it besides countering it to prevent my plans from being foiled?  (I'd really like to have the last word here.)    Historic Note: before of the April 2018 rules change, uncounterable spells with targets used to actually have different wording (still visible on the printed cards) implying that they still could be countered.  For example, Last Word said:     Last Word can't be countered by spells or abilities.   Meanwhile Akroma, Angel of Fury said:     Akroma, Angel of Fury can't be countered. Convergence to a Uniform Distribution $\newcommand{\floor}[1]{\left\lfloor #1 \right\rfloor} $  Show that if $P(X_n = i/n)=1/n$ for every $i = 1,...,n$, then $X_n$ converges in distribution to a uniformly distributed random variable $X$.  Convergence in distribution is defined as   $$P(X_n \leq x) \rightarrow P(X \leq x)$$  and I have that a uniform distribution with parameters $a$ and $b$ implies that  $$P(X \leq x) = \frac{x-a}{b-a}$$  I cannot go any further however. I feel like I don't know anything about $X_n$ - I don't even know if it is continuous or discrete. What I can just say is that   $$P(X_n \leq x) = \sum_{i=1}^\floor{x} \frac{1}{n}$$  where $\floor{x}$  means rounding $x$ to the closest lower integer. When writing dates in prose in the dmy format (29 March 2014), is the correct preposition "in" or "on". I'm seeing it with "in" , but that construction is foreign to me.     It was released in 29 March 2010 on Steam for Microsoft Windows, and in 25 March 2010 on Xbox Live Indie Games for the Xbox 360.    "On" would seem to make more sense, from what I know. Verdict? Why does second pre-image resistance imply pre-image resistance I am studying hash functions. I can understand why collision resistance implies second preimage resistance, but I don't get why second preimage resistance should imply first preimage resistance. Could anybody be help me with this argument from Introduction to Modern Cryptography by Katz &amp; Lindell, please?   Collision resistance: This is the strongest notion and the one we have considered so far.  Second pre-image resistance: Informally speaking, a hash function is second pre-image resistant if given $s$ and $x$ it is infeasible for a probabilistic polynomial-time adversary to find $x' \ne x$ such that $H^s(x') = H^s(s)$.  Pre-image resistance: Informally, a hash function is pre-image resistant if given $s$ and $y = H^s(x)$ (but not $x$ itself) for a randomly chosen $x$, it is infeasible for a probabilistic polynomial-time adversary to find a value $x'$ such that $H^s(x') = y$. (Looking ahead to later chapters in the book, this essentially means that $H^s$ is one-way.)   [...] Likewise, any hash function that is second pre-image resistant is also pre-image resistant. This is due to the fact that if it is possible to invert $y$ and find an $x^\prime$ such that $H^s (x^\prime ) = y$ then it is possible to take $x$, compute $y = H^s (x)$ and invert it again obtaining $x^\prime$. Since the domain of $H$ is infinite, it follows that with good probability $x \neq x^\prime$. We conclude that the above three security requirements form a hierarchy with each definition implying the one below it. The Density of Clouds