So I've seen everyone saying that RAW format is much better for manipulation in photo editing applications like Lightroom than JPEGs or PNGs. While I read some posts here like  and , I'm  still wondering why is that.   Is it because of better dynamic range? Or because of the bit depth which is 12/14 bits in RAW compared to only 8bit in JPEGs?.  To clarify my question further... By format I mean how the file written, it's a purely technical question... What make those shadow recoveries, and such great dynamic range possible?
I'm curious to see some real examples of where simply capturing the same photo in RAW (and being processed by someone who can do it justice) has significantly improved the photo at the end of the process.  I understand what RAW is and why you might want to use it over JPEG, however, I'd like to actually see some examples where it has allowed for a better result. More control over tone, conversion from the more detailed data to 8-bit RGB etc.  Does anyone have or know of some processed RAW+JPEG shots for exact comparison?
I am new to Ubuntu. I am Using Ubuntu 18.04 along with Windows10. I have gone through the below Q&amp;A and could able to change the name of Ubuntu,      But   if i edit the Ubuntu OS name to my choice, it is then adding "GNU/Linux" at the end. for ex. if i want "Ubuntu 18.04" it is then showing as "Ubuntu 18.04 GNU/Linux". how to avoid this text "GNU/Linux" how to edit the name to my choice which is shown as "Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda1)"        Update: I Confirm about the text "GNU/Linux" is solved by @Terrance comments. I still need to try about windows entry.      Final Update: Solved.    I thank @Terrance, @Oldfred, @WinEunuuchs2Unix. All the three methods are working great. i felt the small script is awesome and very very easy to use. which is written by WinEuuuchs2Unix. Where can I find the source code for the Ubuntu Kernel? I'd like to build my own copy of the Ubuntu kernel. Where can I get the source code? Can XeLaTeX generate bold and italic font styles for typefaces that lack them? I use XeLaTeX in order to have easy access to fonts installed on my operating system, and Chinese in particular. Some of the Latin typefaces most pleasing to my eye do not have bold or italic font styles, and I wonder if XeLaTeX can remedy that.  I'm aware of the FakeBold and FakeSlant transformations within the fontspec package, but I'd be glad to know of a more attractive process, if there is one. (The specification, v2.1f, says, "Please don’t overuse these features; they are not a good alternative to having the real shapes.") vi shows as vim When I type vi into a terminal it shows the following display:    Note that it says vim not vi, I'm sure I haven't downloaded vim yet and that this is actually vi not vim: for example the arrow keys print ABCD instead of moving. Simple Linq query has duplicated join against same table? Feature selection with Random Forests I am looking for help to point me out at a very old novel (likely from the '60s) about two empires at interstellar war. When it comes to starships, one is technologically very advanced, and the other has very low and inefficient technology.  The highly advanced empire has apparently strong chances to win the war, in particular considering a new technology they were developing. I remember the technology to work like this: consider the space as a flat surface, and on this surface, a disk around the spaceship. When the technology was turned on, this disk was stretched out, as made of rubber, so that it produced a cone, with the tip being the spaceship. The spaceship was therefore teleported 10 parsec away (if I remember correctly), but retained all the connections to the original position. If the spaceship moved, the cone moved as well. This allowed to move in position among enemy ships completely unnoticed, by stretching while afar, then moving in the proper position 10 parsecs away, then destretching.  Despite this technology, the empire lost the war because of delays. It's a perfect example of how having a disruptive technology does not guarantee to win against the competitors.  I am trying to find out the author and name of this novel, hopefully with the date of publication and in which journal/magazine. How are ETF prices calculated after the market is closed For example:  Because the NASDAQ: DAX is tracking the index INDEXDB: DAX should its trading value be completely flat when the market the markets are open in the US, but closed in Germany? I'm not seeing that artifact in any of the charts I can find. How can I fit my table of contents into a single page? When I use \tableofcontents I get all my contents in a single page except for a line that goes on the other page, how can I make all in the same page? What would happen if two wizards made each other a Horcrux? Would they be invincible? How would you kill one of them? Apt "could not find a distribution template" error When I attempt to install anything using apt-get I get the following error:  Traceback (most recent call last):   File "/usr/bin/add-apt-repository", line 60, in &lt;module&gt;     sp = SoftwareProperties()      File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 90, in __init__     self.reload_sourceslist()   File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/softwareproperties/SoftwareProperties.py", line 538, in reload_sourceslist     self.distro.get_sources(self.sourceslist)       File "/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/aptsources/distro.py", line 90, in get_sources     raise NoDistroTemplateException("Error: could not find a " aptsources.distro.NoDistroTemplateException: Error: could not find a distribution template   Any idea what this means and how to resolve it? Compare integer in bash, unary operator expected So I'm trying to prove the following two inequalities: $$\frac{\sqrt{n}}{2} \leq \phi(n) \leq n.$$ The upper bound we get from simply noting that $\phi(n) = n \prod_{p | n}\left( 1 - \frac{1}{p}\right)$ and the fact that $(1 - \frac{1}{p}) \leq 1$. But how can we get the lower bound? I tried using the same expression for $\phi(n)$ but it seems to not really give me the inequality. Can you help? I have the following browsers on my phone:   stock Dolphin Mini Opera Mobile Firefox   I don't want to set a catch-all default because some pages render better on some browsers than on others.  When I click on a link on a non-browser app (e.g. google search or google reader) it asks me which browser to choose (as expected).  Can I set a default browser for some pages and a different default for others? Why does network ad URL from SO to history.SE mention Ask Ubuntu? Today, I was on Stack Overflow when I noticed an interesting ad pointing to history.SE (actual square ad, not just Hot Network Questions).  The link in the ad was:    which resolves to:  https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/23946/what-were-greek-and-roman-sails-made-from?utm_medium=ad&amp;utm_source=http-askubuntu-com-questions-471178-converting-hundreds-of-jpg-to-pdf-using-te&amp;utm_campaign=history.stackexchange.com-promo&amp;utm_content=23946  (link form for conveniece: )  The confusing part os the URL is: utm_source=http-askubuntu-com-questions-471178-converting-hundreds-of-jpg-to-pdf-using-te. The ad is from SO to history.SE, it doesn't have anything to do with Ask Ubuntu, so why does it appear in the URL? Is this a bug?  EDIT: Okay, managed to trigger it again: the page  contains this ad:    The link of the ad is:    which resolves to:  http://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/1556/how-to-react-to-unhelpful-contributions-to-otherwise-unnoticed-projects?utm_medium=ad&amp;utm_source=http-sharepoint-stackexchange-com-questions-16925-why-am-i-getting-server-erro&amp;utm_campaign=opensource.stackexchange.com-promo&amp;utm_content=1556  incorrectly referencing an unrelated sharepoint.SE question. I'm using code that I found on the .  The only problem is it uses external DLL calls that don't work in mono.  I was wondering if anyone knew of a way to accomplish the same thing as that code, but will run in both Windows using .net, and Linux using mono?  Edit:  Clarifying what I'm trying to do: I'm making a .  The program sits in the system tray and when the user presses the hot-key, it will pop up all the gadgets.  So the program doesn't have focus, so typically it won't catch any keystrokes, so I'm using the low-level keyboard hook and I hook the two keys that the user defines as the hot-keys.  But I'm using a Windows DLL call for that, which doesn't work in Linux using mono.  So I'm wondering if there's a way to do the same thing, but will run in Linux using mono? Is my phone liable to explode if I charge it with a charger that came with a different phone? Kernels and reduced row echelon form - explanation The following text is written in my textbook and I don't really understand it:     If $A = (a_{ij}) \in$ Mat$(m x N, F)$ is a matrix in reduced row echelon form with $r$ nonzero rows and pivots in the columns numbered $j_1 &lt; ... &lt; j_r$, then the kernel ker$(A)$ is generated by the $n-r$ elements $ w_k = e_k - \sum\limits_{1 \le i \le r, j_i \le k} a_{ik}e_{j_i}$ for $k \in {1, \cdots , n} \ {j_1, \cdots, j_r}$, where $e_1, \cdots, e_n$ are the standard generators of $F^n$.    There are no computational examples and the notation is a bit overwhelming so I don't know how I can use it. Can somebody give an example of this in practice? The median minimizes the sum of absolute deviations (the $ {\ell}_{1} $ norm) Suppose we have a set $S$ of real numbers. Show that   $$\sum_{s\in S}|s-x| $$   is minimal if $x$ is equal to the median.    This is a sample exam question of one of the exams that I need to take and I don't know how to proceed. Do shots fired before the match starts count towards your end-of-game statistics? In Overwatch, there is short countdown for a few minutes before the match begins. During this time, the defending team is allowed to roam the map to set up their defenses, while the attacking team sits in a small lobby until the game starts and the doors open. (Or in KotH-type maps, both teams wait in a lobby.)  While players wait, it's not uncommon for them to fire off random shots, especially since a lot of the environment is destructable (it's entertaining to watch plush onions sail through the air in the arcade).   Do shots fired before the match starts count towards accuracy statistics at the end of the game?