I'm learning on my school about operating system's installation, Ubuntu looks so beauty and fast, even on that old computers.   I have an Emachines L4030, originally with Windows XP Starter Edition, later I upgraded it to Windows XP Professional SP3. Here is my system hardware:   Procesador Intel Celeron D355 3.33GHz,256 KB L2 de Cache 533 MHz FSB  Video Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 900 con ranura PC-IExpress Disponible  HDD 80 GB SATA  Memory 256 MB DDR2 SDRAM    I want to learn about another kind of systems, I don't want to throw Windows to the trash because I still need it for school, I was thinking on a partition (20GB for XP- 60GB for Ubuntu) but I don't know if Ubuntu will run as I want to with my hardware  I'M SORRY! I forgot to tell you guys that I upgraded the RAM to 1.7GB, I copied the info from internet and I didn't remember the upgrade. Can I use Ubuntu with that upgrade?
For a given hardware configuration, how do I find out if Ubuntu will run on it? What considerations should I take into account when choosing an Ubuntu version and  such as:    with a lighter desktop than the usual Gnome and Unity  with the even lighter LXDE desktop   Obviously Ubuntu does not run on some processor architectures. So how do I go about choosing the right version and derivate. How can I find out the minmal system requirements?
Dell Vostro 5490 no WIFI in Ubuntu 18.04 Can't move/snap Nautilus window to occupy left or right half of the 1366x768 screen - is it just me? Is there a word which describes terms that are spelled like a particular pronunciation? Some examples: &quot;never&quot; might be written as &quot;neva&quot; &quot;I don't know&quot; is sometimes written as &quot;iono&quot; or &quot;I dunno&quot; on various internet media. My question is: is there a word for this particular technique of spelling a term in the way it is (sometimes) pronounced? I want to list a company name in the author field of a bibliographic entry:  @book{CUDA,   author    = {NVIDIA Corporation},   title     = {NVIDIA CUDA Compute Unified Device Architecture Programming Guide},   publisher = {NVIDIA Corporation},   year      = {2007} }   But the entry keeps showing up "N. Corporation".  Is there a way to get the full author name to show up?  I'm currently using the siam BibTEX style. Install Windows 7 with Bootcamp on OS X Yosemite with USB Key I have an iMac (bought in 2011) and I recently upgraded it with Yosemite. I am trying to install Windows 7 on it via Bootcamp.  However, its optical drive does not work, so I chose the USB key solution using the trick of modifying the file info.plist of Bootcamp (type 'usb bootcamp youtube' in google to see a video of this trick).  So I follow the process religiously and end up with the classic and famous boring screen 'No bootable device -- insert boot disk and press any key'.  So I tried to use Unetbootin (  ) to make my USB Key bootable, and tried to boot on it through the screen that appears when you maintain the Option key (Alt button) while starting the mac. Result: I never managed to have my Unetbootin-formatted USB key appear on this screen :(  I read some stuff about reFit (  ) and GParted, but I just don't know how to use them...  If someone managed to install Windows 7 on his/her iMac with Yosemite using a USB Key, please help me understand why I can't see the USB as a boot option. Top Down RPG Movement w/ Correction? I would hope that we have all played Zelda: A Link to the Past, please correct me if I'm wrong, but I want to emulate that kind of 2D, top-down character movement with a touch of correction. It has been done in other games, but I feel this reference would be the easiest to relate to.  More specifically the kind of movement and correction I'm talking about is:   Floating movement not restricted to tile based movement like Pokemon and other games where one tap of the movement pad moves you one square in that cardinal direction. This floating movement should be able to achieve diagonal motion. If you're walking West and you come to a wall that is diagonal in a North East/South West fashion, you are corrected into a South West movement even if you continue holding left (West) on the controller. This should work for both diagonals correcting in both directions. If you're a few pixels off from walking squarely into a door or hallway, you are corrected into walking through the hall or down the hallway, i.e. bumping into the corner causes you to be pushed into the hall/door.   I've hunted for efficient ways to achieve this and have had no luck. To be clear I'm talking about the human character's movement, not an NPC's movement. Are their resources available on this kind of movement? Equations or algorithms explained on a wiki or something?  I'm using the XNA Framework, is there anything in it to help with this? Will reformatting my hard drive fix bad sectors on it? "Failed to download repository information" error How to Make A button do more than one action xcode Redirect all requests to subdirectory except a few ip addresses Story with multiple 'third planet' races I'm looking for the name and author of a novel (or possibly novella). I first read this in the seventies, and might be older than that. It might have been written for teenagers.  The story takes place on a planet inhabited by a primitive humanoid race, roughly stone age if I remember rightly. Visiting this planet is a small team from a more advanced race, also humanoid and with spacefaring technology (obviously!). They are either there to help or observe, no nefarious purposes. I think they are avoiding contact with the primitives, at least initially. It's explicitly mentioned that the planet they are visiting is the third one of a medium sized star, just like their own homeworld. Also orbiting round the planet is an even more advanced race, using high tech to remain hidden from both the others. They are observing the whole situation, and again its mentioned that this is a 'third planet', like their own homeworld.  I'm a little bit hazy on the rest of the plot, but I think the super-advanced race end up revealing themselves, even though they are not supposed to.  The story is told from the viewpoints of both the second and third races (maybe also the first, I forget)  EDIT: For the record it turns out my recollection was faulty, and the second race are indeed coming to the planet for nefarious purposes. And the planet is at the medieval stage, not stone age. How can I get distribution name and version number in a simple shell script? I'm working on a simple bash script that should be able to run on Ubuntu and CentOS distributions (support for Debian and Fedora/RHEL would be a plus) and I need to know the name and version of the distribution the script is running (in order to trigger specific actions, for instance the creation of repositories). So far what I've got is this:  OS=$(awk '/DISTRIB_ID=/' /etc/*-release | sed 's/DISTRIB_ID=//' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') ARCH=$(uname -m | sed 's/x86_//;s/i[3-6]86/32/') VERSION=$(awk '/DISTRIB_RELEASE=/' /etc/*-release | sed 's/DISTRIB_RELEASE=//' | sed 's/[.]0/./')  if [ -z "$OS" ]; then     OS=$(awk '{print $1}' /etc/*-release | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') fi  if [ -z "$VERSION" ]; then     VERSION=$(awk '{print $3}' /etc/*-release) fi  echo $OS echo $ARCH echo $VERSION   This seems to work, returning ubuntu or centos (I haven't tried others) as the release name. However, I have a feeling that there must be an easier, more reliable way of finding this out -- is that true?  It doesn't work for RedHat. /etc/redhat-release contains : Redhat Linux Entreprise release 5.5  So, the version is not the third word, you'd better use :  OS_MAJOR_VERSION=`sed -rn 's/.*([0-9])\.[0-9].*/\1/p' /etc/redhat-release` OS_MINOR_VERSION=`sed -rn 's/.*[0-9].([0-9]).*/\1/p' /etc/redhat-release` echo "RedHat/CentOS $OS_MAJOR_VERSION.$OS_MINOR_VERSION" I have a model similar to below with a continuous outcome, continuous predictor and a categorical variable. the goal of this analysis is to make inferences on the group variable. The issue is that y is bounded by x in the form of y >= -x. When the model makes predictions you can see in the plot below that the predicted value is outside the possible range. See the last plot.   How can this be remedied? A custom loss function to penalize going beyond the bound and use gradient descent regression? Or is there some other way? Thank you.   x =   rep(seq(-10,10,1),each=5)  y =  rep(0,length(x) ) weights = sample( seq(1,1000,1) ,length(x)) groups = rep( letters[1:5], times =length(x)/5  )   ## the outcome y has the relationship y &gt;= -x for(i in 1:length(x)){   y[i] = sample(  seq(-x[i],-x[i]+ ifelse(x[i]&lt;0 ,                                            sample(seq(1,10,.1),1),                                           sample(seq(5,40,.1),1) ),1)                        ,1) }   dat =data.frame(x = x, y = y, weights = weights, group = groups) model = lm(dat = dat, y ~ x + group + group * x, weights = weights) dat$FIT= predict(model, dat, allow.new.levels = TRUE)  library(ggplot2) ggplot(data = dat, aes(x = x, y = y, color = group))+geom_point( aes(size = weights))+ geom_line(data = dat, aes(x = x, y = FIT, color = group))    #data for new predictions newdata = data.frame( x = seq(-100,100,1) ,                        group = rep("c", length( seq(-100,100,1) )),                       bound = -seq(-100,100,1)                       )  ## when pridicting new data the outcome y has the relationship y &gt;= -x ## but the predicted vales are below the bound. See how red line is below blue to the left of zero new_preds  = predict(model, newdata, allow.new.levels = TRUE) ggplot(data = newdata, aes(x = x, y = new_preds, color = group))+geom_line()  +   geom_line(data = newdata, aes(x = x, y = bound, color = "green")) Is there a term that means "a person who enjoys learning"? This term might be used to describe someone who:   Is a self-motivated learner. Is curious, wants to understand many things.   I understand the term "philosopher" might be a good fit, in terms of its root words, however, the general population has an inconsistent understanding of this term, so I am looking for a more precise term. Using natural deduction to prove that $p \implies q \vdash \lnot p \lor q$ Using only rules of natural deduction, I am trying to prove that $$p \implies q \vdash \lnot p \lor q$$ but am having a lot of difficulty. I was able to prove the other direction.   Could anyone show me or point me to the right direction? why does OSX add extra '._' when I tar a directory? I'd just like to know why if I "tar -czf" a file/directory, osx adds a:  ._  for each file? I see these when I untar in linux. Or when I work with the uncompressed project in eclipse as it doesn't like them at all. I use 10.7.5. 80's movie with a boy on skates or bmx bikes that has holographic ants that torture people When casting a spell as a bonus action, you can't cast another spell on the same turn except a 1-action cantrip - can the order be "reversed"? Can you cast a cantrip first as a bonus action, then any other spell? If not, would it be broken to allow it?  I'm thinking a Sorcerer casting a Quickened true strike, then casting a leveled spell requiring a touch attack. Seems like a great use of the cantrip + Metamagic feature, but it seems like it is not allowed. Inverse Green's Function identity in derivation of Hedin's equations I'm trying to work through a derivation of Hedin's Equations in Effect of Interaction on One-Electron States by Hedin and Lundqvist (1969) and I've come across an identity that is given without much explanation that I'd like to understand.   We start with an equation of motion with single particle Green's functions G:   $\left[ i\frac{\partial}{\partial t_1} - h(1) - \phi(1) - V_H(1)\right] G(1,2) - i\int v(1^{+},3) \frac{\delta G(1,2)}{\delta \phi(3)} d3 = \delta(1,2)$  where $1=(x_1,t_1)$, $h$ is the one-electron kinetic energy and ion interaction, $\phi$ is a small perturbing field that is set to zero at the end, $V_H$ is the Hartree potential, and $v$ is the Coulomb interaction.  They then insert the identity  $\frac{\delta G(1,2)}{\delta\phi(3)} = -\int G(1,4) \frac{\delta G^{-1}(4,5)}{\delta\phi(3)} G(5,2) d(4,5)$  which is then used to define the self energy  $\Sigma(1,2) =  -i \int v(1^+,3) G(1,4)\frac{\delta G^{-1}(4,2)}{\delta\phi(3)} d(3,4)$.  I know this identity is related to the definition of the inverse Green's function  $ \int G(1,3) G^{-1}(3,2) d(3) = \delta(1,2)$  but I can't figure out how to get from this definition to the identity that is inserted into the equation of motion. Any ideas?  Thank you! How can I download an older version of OS X/macOS? Sometimes it's hard to search for older versions of macOS &amp; OS X  on the App Store.  This is an attempt to provide the canonical QA for this issue, as per the Meta QA -  I expect it to be modified over time to hopefully become a complete information resource.  How can I get any older version of a Mac OS to be able to run as a VM, or to reinstall on my Mac?