I have no idea why but it just sends me back to the login screen whenever I try to login my main account. So I made a second account from guest account and used nautilus as sudo(root) and checked my home main user files and all that is there is:  Access-Your-Private-Data.desktop and README.txt   But I don't understand I haven't encrypted my drive so what do I do to get my data back, I would really like to get it back I can't understand what has happened.
My Ubuntu is stuck in a login loop when trying to enter my desktop. When I login, the screen gets black and soon after that the login screen comes back.   I've read that the problem might be caused by an error depending on the graphics, here's my graphics card: ATI Radeon 7670M
Monty hall problem extended. I just learned about the Monty Hall problem and found it quite amazing. So I thought about extending the problem a bit to understand more about it. In this modification of the Monty Hall Problem, instead of three doors, we have four (or maybe $n$) doors, one with a car and the other three (or $n-1$) with a goat each (I want the car).  We need to choose any one of the doors. After we have chosen the door, Monty deliberately reveals one of the doors that has a goat and asks us if we wish to change our choice.  So should we switch the door we have chosen, or does it not matter if we switch or stay with our choice?  It would be even better if we knew the probability of winning upon switching given that Monty opens $k$ doors. First off, here is some code:  int main()  {     int days[] = {1,2,3,4,5};     int *ptr = days;     printf("%u\n", sizeof(days));     printf("%u\n", sizeof(ptr));      return 0; }   Is there a way to find out the size of the array that ptr is pointing to (instead of just giving its size, which is four bytes on a 32-bit system)? How to start applications such as xcompmgr at start up? I've been trying to make xcompmgrto autostart in Lubuntu 11.10 but it just doesn't, I have to start it manually.  I have added the next lines to the autostart script in ~/.config/openbox/  #Run a composite manager xcompmgr &amp;   But whenever I log in it doesn't do anything, I don't really need any special parameters for it I just want it to start at log in.  How can I make it run automatically at login? Lie Algebra of U(N) and SO(N) U(N) and SO(N) are quite important groups in physics. I thought I would find this with an easy google search. Apparently NOT! What is the Lie algebra and Lie bracket of the two groups? Software to synchronize two directories (local/remote) I need software that would detect changes in directory (A) every 5 seconds or so and upload/delete changed files from/at (B) remote directory.  I found non-commercial software, . I am wondering if there are any commercial alternatives? Word for Party *Steward*? Is there a word that describes a person who is usually not too drunk and takes care of the rest of the folks at a party?  Typically, they're the ones who drag the sloshed ones back to beds, clean up the house and generally maintain a bit of sanity. He called her, emailed her, texted her, tweeted her—all to no use.   Strictly speaking, I would need to write texted her and tweeted her, but I'm omitting and to convey a rhythm and sense of urgency. What do you call this kind of construction, and is it accepted grammar (at least for creative writing, if not in an academic context)? How can I find the files that were stored on my flash drive before I installed Ubuntu to it?   Edit: No, I didn't format it, my files are still on the flash drive root. I just need to know how to access them there. Lightning QuickAction (API) without modal I am attempting to replace JS buttons with quick actions. These button simply call a web service method and alert the result and need no user interaction.  With quick action a modal always seems to appear and this is not desirable.   I am calling the Webservice method in the doInit function and  firing a toast event with the results and have no need for the modal popup.  Seems an oversight maybe? But is there a way to accomplish this without the modal to closely mimic the JS button functionality?  Ideally we could show the spinner without the modal   Right now I am simply calling   $A.get("e.force:closeQuickAction").fire();   at the end of the doInit but it is not the most ideal in way of a UI to do this IMHO as it flashes the modal on the screen briefly. Generating values from a multivariate Gaussian distribution I am currently trying to simulate values of a $N$-dimensional random variable $X$ that has a multivariate normal distribution with mean vector $\mu = (\mu_1,...,\mu_N)^T$ and covariance matrix $S$.  I am hoping to use a procedure similar to the inverse CDF method, meaning that I want to first generate a $N$-dimensional uniform random variable $U$ and then plug that into the inverse CDF of this distribution, so to generate value $X$.  I am having issues because the procedure is not well documented and there are slight differences between the  and a .  In my case, I am also choosing the parameters of the distribution randomly. In particular, I generate each of the means, $\mu_i$, from a uniform distribution $U(20,40)$. I then build the covariance matrix $S$ using the following procedure:   Create a lower triangular matrix $L$ where $L(i,i) = 1$ for $i=1..N$ and $L(i,j)  = U(-1,1)$ for  $i &lt; j$ Let $S = LL^T$ where $L^T$ denotes the transpose of $L$.   This procedure allows me to ensure that $S$ is symmetric and positive definite. It also provides a lower triangular matrix $L$ so that $S = LL^T$, which I believe is required to generate values from the distribution.  Using the guidelines on Wikipedia, I should be able to generate values of $X$ using a $N$-dimensional uniform as follows:   $X = \mu + L * \Phi^{-1}(U)$   According to the MATLAB function however, this is typically done as:   $X = \mu + L^T * \Phi^{-1}(U)$   Where $\Phi^{-1}$ is the inverse CDF of a $N$-dimensional, separable, normal distribution, and the only difference between both methods is simply whether to use $L$ or $L^T$.  Is MATLAB or Wikipedia the way to go? Or are both wrong? I've got a NI Traktor Audio 2 sound card I'd like to get working with Mixxx, but I don't seem to have any success so far. The card seems to be supported in Ubuntu out of the box, and it seems to work well with ALSA, but I cannot select it in Mixxx and I'm not sure whether is something I can do to make it see it (e.g. through).  So for testing purposes, on the command line I can execute aplay to check each channel:  aplay -D plughw:2,0,0 test.wav   and  aplay -D plughw:2,0,1 test.wav   That works well: I can hear the test sound on each channel (A and B)  The relevant output for this card using aplay -D is:  hw:CARD=TraktorAudio2,DEV=0      Traktor Audio 2, Traktor Audio 2      Direct hardware device without any conversions plughw:CARD=TraktorAudio2,DEV=0      Traktor Audio 2, Traktor Audio 2      Hardware device with all software conversions   From those 2 items on the output, plughw is the one that works, whereas hw doesn't.  The problem is that Mixxx only lets me select the hw card, which does not seem to work. I'd like to be able to select the plughw card, which is the one that's working.  I've tried suspending Pulse Audio as suggested by , but that did not seem to work. I also played around with an .asoundrc file similar to the one  (which was for an older model of this sound card), but also without success.  Any ideas on how to make Mixxx show the right card (and channel, while we are at it)?  Thanks! Why doesn't Ubuntu 16.04 in Windows have ubuntu.exe? Word for obscuring bad or immoral acts with verbiage I have been in many scenarios where people try to obscure/reduce the intensity of a seemingly bad or immoral act using grammar. E.g. Assuming Thomas killed a dog, you could hear something like:     There's essentially nothing wrong about palliating the miserable life   of a despondent being. If there was any issue here, I'd say it's not   consulting a veterinary doctor first but I've come to understand that some people are just straightforward.   How does one react to the above mumbo jumbo? I think there are similar situations also found in law courts. What can this be referred to as? Grammatification, obscure tactics? Counting traversed arcs on routes to write attributes using ArcGIS for Desktop? I have number of persons located on a road network and I have calculated their shortest distance to a particular location.  From the routes output created from Closest Facility can I   break the routes down into the individual arcs traversed by each person? assign each arc a count attribute indicating the number of individuals who use that arc to get to their destination?   I am using Network Analyst in ArcGIS 10.2 for Desktop. What does the text inside parentheses in @interface and @implementation directives mean? Is there a Pythonic way to have only one instance of a program running?   The only reasonable solution I've come up with is trying to run it as a server on some port, then second program trying to bind to same port - fails. But it's not really a great idea, maybe there's something more lightweight than this?    (Take into consideration that program is expected to fail sometimes, i.e. segfault - so things like "lock file" won't work) Is there an easy way to change filetype association? After the upgrade to 11.10 I've had the problems that    all music-files would open with banshee, which then crashed all folders would open with konsole   The first problem I  after installation of "ubuntu tweak" "> admin > filetype Associations".. Changed back to totem.  The second was somehow not accessible this way (did not give any possibility to add commands).  I've changed the line "inode/directory=nautilus-folder-hanlder.desktop" to "inode/directory=nautilus.desktop" from "/usr/share/applications/defaults.list" and now everything works fine.  Question: More convenient ways to do that? In Dark Souls 2 there is a 'Shrine of Winter' near Sinners Rise. When you approach the shrine it will not let you open the door and a message pops up that says      Seek Mightier Souls   What does this mean and how do you open this shrine? In the Stack Exchange Android App v1.0.7 1.0.33 (with a HTC One running Android 4.4.2), the answer count for a question you're viewing is displayed in two places:   In the label of the answer tab:   At the bottom of the question tab:    I've noticed that these counts don't reliably update when new answers arrive.   If you refresh the question tab, neither count updates. If you refresh the answer tab, the second count will be updated, but the answer tab's count will not, leaving the two out of sync.   Refreshing either tab should probably update both counts!    Screenshots of the bug in action:    I waited for it to be answered. A while later, the question now has an answer.    The tab still says 0 answers though. Switching back to the question tab, , but the tab count still doesn't. Grub not showing on startup for Windows 8.1 Ubuntu 13.10 Dual boot