The DNA is read 3'->5' (and RNA synthesized 5'->3'). But due to the DNA strands having to be complementary, it seems to me that the origin can only appear on the correct side of the ORF on one of the strands. And even if it were possible to synthesise RNA from the other strand, due to the directionailty of the strands/RNA the RNA transcript would then code for the protein in reverse. Surely the reverse synthesis of a protein, even if containing all of the same amino acids, would lead to dfferent folding and thus only on eof the proteins is correct?  Now that I am considering the origin, it seems likely to me that the strand on which the origin is dictates which strand acts as the RNA template (perhaps both starnds can, however for a given GENE the RNA is always synthesised from the same strand.  Is this the case? I have read this post:  however I found it slightly confusing. I think what the answerer said is similar to what I have suggested here, however I am not quite sure. Would greatly appreciate some input.
I feel that I might have a complete misunderstanding here. If DNA has two strands, how does the machinery of RNA transcription determine which one to transcribe?
How to prevent "Delhi Belly"? A generalisation of the fundamental theorem of algebra We already know the following theorem by d'Alembert and Gauss, often called fundamental theorem of algebra.  Theorem Let $P$ be in $\mathbb C[X]$ of degree $1$ or greater. There exists $\alpha\in \mathbb C$ such that $P(\alpha)=0$.  Can we give the following generalisation for polynomials with several variables?  Generalisation Let $n$ be in $\mathbb N^*$ and $P$ be in $\mathbb C[X_1,\ldots,X_n]$ of degree $1$ or greater. There exists $\alpha\in \mathbb C^n$ such that $P(\alpha)=0$.  Any references, hints or solutions would be greatly appreciated. How to read ANSI encoded files in the right way? I have some files that Ubuntu can't read it ( ANSI encoding ) but Windows can read it well.  When I open it in gedit or notepad++ it seems like this :     Êã ÇáÊÍæíá áÜÜ   How can I make Ubuntu read ANSI encoded files well? I changed my username and now I cannot play online Using memory with a higher MHz rating? Can MacBook Pro's successfully support and fully exploit RAM of a higher MHz rating than that which they ship with?    For example, take my 15" MacBook Pro () that ships with 4GB of 1333MHz DDR3 memory. I'm considering buying 16GB of the same clock speed even though Apple says that it can "support up to 8GB" — .  What about installing 1600MHz in the 16GB variant — will it work? Or will it be clocked down to 1333MHz? When compared to 16GB 1333MHz, will the higher clock speed improve battery life, performance, timings, or what? Non-Metrizable Topological Spaces href to an image label - how to jump to the image instead of the caption below the image? Is there any shortcut/easy way to switch this system proxy settings? Complex towers: $i^{i^{i^{...}}}$ If $X$ is an orthogonal matrix, why does $X^TX = I$? It's not immediately clear to me why this is true. My notes say that putting $n$ orthonormal vectors $ v_1, ..., v_n$ in the columns of $X$ gives $X^TX = I$, and it follows from this that the rows of $X$ are orthonormal.   Can you explain this better to me? I tried the $2\times 2$ case, but it isn't clear to me why this is true. Where can I post my photos and get reviews, comments, and critiques from the community, in order to learn to become a better photographer?  Here is a list of places to get feedback.  Please use answer wikis to comment and rate each one.    As you get more advanced you might also want to try out photo contests, both online and local. At the moment, I have created a code that retrieves data from the database and displays it. However, for some reason, I cannot see the files I want to retrieve on my page. My goal is that the data gets retrieved from the database, and is displayed on the webpage. I do not need to make a connection with the database since Wordpress does that automatically.  My code:  &lt;?php  global $wpdb; // this adds the prefix which is set by the user upon instillation of wordpress $table_name = $wpdb-&gt;prefix . "wpex_programma"; // this will get the data from your table $retrieve_data = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( "SELECT * FROM wpex_programma; " ); print_r($retrieve_data); ?&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;?php foreach ($retrieve_data as $retrieved_data){ ?&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;?php echo $retrieved_data-&gt;column_name;?&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;?php echo $retrieved_data-&gt;another_column_name;?&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;?php echo $retrieved_data-&gt;as_many_columns_as_you_have;?&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;?php  } ?&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;   My question: the data is not shown and I believe it is not retrieved. How can I fix that? The table name is correct, and I have data in my database tabel. The print_r($retrieve_data)returns the following: Array ( [0] =&gt; stdClass Object ( [id] =&gt; 35 [naam] =&gt; /public_html/wp/wp-content/plugins/AbonneerProgrammas/FilesUpload/Country Kickin 1.mp3 ) )  My query log:    My database structure:   New:  &lt;?php  global $wpdb; // this adds the prefix which is set by the user upon instillation of wordpress $table_name = $wpdb-&gt;prefix . "wpex_programma"; // this will get the data from your table $retrieve_data = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( "SELECT * FROM wpex_programma; " ); print_r($retrieve_data); ?&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;?php foreach ($retrieve_data as $retrieved_data){ ?&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;?php echo $retrieved_data-&gt;id;?&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;?php echo $retrieved_data-&gt;naam;?&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;?php  } ?&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; A natural number multiplied by some integer results in a number with only ones and zeros I recently solved a , which says that,     A positive integer can be multiplied with another integer resulting in   a positive integer that is composed only of one and zero as digits.   How can I prove that this is true(currently I assume that it is). Also, is it possible to establish an upper bound on the length(number of digits) of the number generated? I'm a C++ guy learning Java. I'm reading Effective Java and something confused me. It says never to write code like this:  String s = new String("silly");   Because it creates unnecessary String objects. But instead it should be written like this:  String s = "No longer silly";   Ok fine so far...However, given this class:  public final class CaseInsensitiveString {     private String s;     public CaseInsensitiveString(String s) {         if (s == null) {             throw new NullPointerException();         }         this.s = s;     }     :     : }  CaseInsensitiveString cis = new CaseInsensitiveString("Polish"); String s = "polish";    Why is the first statement ok? Shouldn't it be   CaseInsensitiveString cis = "Polish"; How do I make CaseInsensitiveString behave like String so the above statement is OK (with and without extending String)? What is it about String that makes it OK to just be able to pass it a literal like that? From my understanding there is no "copy constructor" concept in Java? What software works well for viewing massive TIFF images on Windows 7? Steps to solve this system of equations: $\sqrt{x}+y=7$, $\sqrt{y}+x=11$ I want to solve this system of equations, I have been out of Maths for a long!!  $$\sqrt{x}+y=7$$  $$\sqrt{y}+x=11$$  Just wondering easiest step to find values for $x$ and $y$ from the above equations? Calling acro first use when plural is producing an 's' in the short definition that is wrong I have an acro first use that must be plural, but I am getting an erroneous "s" when I shouldn't be. I'm getting (sIMFs) when it should be (IMFs). See picture and code below. The problem only occurs on the first call and it does so for all my acronyms. Thanks in advance.   \documentclass[12pt,twoside]{report} \usepackage{acro} \DeclareAcronym{IMF}{     short = IMF,     long  = Intrinsic Mode Function,     class = abbrev}  \begin{document} \acp{IMF} \acresetall \ac{IMF} \acp{IMF} \acfp{IMF} \end{document} Why don't we consider centrifugal force on a mass placed on earth? Wrong (hyper-)references after resetting chapter counter The following MWE produces a PDF whose TOC has two entries: “Foo” and “Bar” with correct page numbers. So far, so good. However, upon clicking on the link to “Bar”, I am taken to the page for “Foo” instead.  \documentclass{report} \usepackage{hyperref} \newcommand*\backmatter{\setcounter{chapter}{0}}  \begin{document} \tableofcontents \chapter{Foo} \backmatter \chapter{Bar} \end{document}   (Produced with pdflatex, run twice.)  This MWE is whittled down from a (much!) more complex document but the above does seem to reproduce the error reliably.  Re-setting the chapter count seems to confuse hyperref, even though the page references are still accurate. Notice that in my real document, \backmatter does other things, including setting the numbering style to alphabetical so there’s no chance of confusion even though both chapters are ostensibly labelled as “Chapter 1”.  How do I fix this? Is this a bug? Are there workarounds? I have a definition:  \newcommand{\arnold}{Arnold Schwarzenegger}   When I refer to it by:  \arnold is a   it is rendered as:   Arnold Schwarzeneggeris a    In order to have a space in front of "is" I would need to write  \arnold\ is a   Is there some other shorter way?