Ubuntu 14.04 won't start I have had Ubuntu 14.04 for a couple of weeks now with no problems.  Then suddenly, I started my computer up, logged into Ubuntu and it only showed my wallpaper.  There were no icons and the terminal didn't work.  I had made no changes to my computer and it was working fine when I logged in only an hour before.  I have a dual boot with windows 7 (which is working fine.)  I can still access my files using Ctrl + Alt + F2 and shut down but is there any way to fix this problem? Thanks
Unity doesn't load, no Launcher, no Dash appears When I login, nothing happens.   I am presented with my desktop wallpaper.    No Dash, no Launcher, nothing.
Did Snape ever commit murder? It's well known that Severus Snape was, in one way or another, a Death Eater since he was at Hogwarts. He hung out with the likes of Avery and Mulciber who became well known Death Eaters, he joined Voldemort right after he left Hogwarts, and he basically became Voldemort's right hand man until the very end.   However, in his time as a Death Eater did he ever kill anyone? We know that he was a Death Eater for around 3 years before Voldemort fell; Lily and James died at 21 and they were the same age as Snape, so it would have been 3 years since they left Hogwarts. Then after Voldemort came back in book 4, Snape would have been a Death Eater again for around 3 years. That's a total of around 6 years of Death Eaterhood with Voldemort.  So, in either of these periods, did Snape commit murder as part of his job as Death Eater? I'm not counting a certain death at the end of book 6 for reasons which are obvious if you've read book 7.   Clearly it's much more likely he killed before Voldemort fell since that roughly correlated with the period when he pledged allegiance only to Voldemort, before he became a teacher at Hogwarts. But did he ever do it? Does an Echo Knight fighter's echo provoke an opportunity attack when it moves? I'm using a flow to set a field to a certain value (01, 02, 03) depending on the value of another field on the same record. I initially wanted to do it with process builder but because of the mapping it seems I would need three 'criteria nodes' or a formula field. Furthermore, it seems Salesforce is recommending using flows instead of process builder for before update actions as it is faster.  The problem with Flows is that I found a way to trigger it when the record is new or updated but not when the specific field is changed so it triggers every time the whole record is updated even when the field stay the same.  On Process Builder, you can use isChanged and then call the flow with specific record but that kinds of defeat the point of using flows for before Update.  So is there a possibility to do the same thing directly in flow ?  Thank you for the help ! I have to give low and high bounds for the following:  $$ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{2^n - 3^n } $$  How do I determine an upper bound? How can I show this sum exists?  edit: removed erroneous conclusion. How can I make a bluish "white" LED less blue? Is there a CSS selector for elements containing certain text? What is the point of throwing candy on the ground using the "Throw 10 candies on the ground"? All that seems to happen is that the text under it becomes more and more disappointed in me. ಠ_ಠ What's the difference between Wubi and a regular "alongside Windows" installation? Supposing we have a table with four columns (a,b,c,d) of the same data type.  Is it possible to select all distinct values within the data in the columns and return them as a single column or do I have to create a function to achieve this? I'm using Drupal seven. I want to make the options in a select list be dependent on the value chosen in another select list in a form.  I'm sure this has been asked many times before, but I am having difficulty finding a clear answer for how to do this.  The form is for users to enter a work history.  They need to select a squadron which is a node reference to the squadron field type, and this is in a drop-down list.  However, the squadron, is dependent upon a city drop-down list.  Users first need to select a city which will then filter the options for the squadron.  In the squadron content type, I created a taxonomy for city which gets tagged to the squadron.  I would be very grateful for any pointers as to the best way (simplest?) to go about this, or for any useful resources online which would help. how to left justify comments to indent same as other text in Algorithmic How do I left justify my comments in the algorithm.  I am using algorithmicx package.  What I want is: to pull the comment to left as shown in the attached snapshot.  The code for my algorithm is       \documentclass[a4paper]{article}     \pagestyle{empty}     \usepackage{algorithm}     \usepackage{algpseudocode}     \usepackage[caption=false,font=footnotesize]{subfig}     \begin{document}     \begin{algorithm} \label{algoQ}     \caption{Algorithm to check quality of methods}     \begin{algorithmic}     \For{\textbf{each} $msd$ in$msdList$}  \Comment { \% for each MSD \%}     \Statex   \Comment { \% get MSDs referenced method service \%}     \EndFor \textbf{endFor}     \end{algorithmic}     \end{algorithm}     \end{document} What are some good examples of a function  $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ where its derivative is equal to its inverse? I attempted to find a monomial that satisfied it by starting with $f(x) = ax^b$ and showing that $f^{-1}(x) = f'(x) \implies b-1=\frac{1}{b} \implies b=\phi$ and got $$f(x) = \frac{x^\phi}{\sqrt[\phi]{\phi}}$$ Which seems to work according to WolframAlpha, but I'm having trouble double-checking it. Any other ideas? For a command, if using - as an argument in place of a file name will mean STDIN or STDOUT.   But in this example, it creates a file with the name -:  echo hello &gt; -   How can I make - in this example mean STDOUT? Conversely, how can I make - mean a file named - in examples such as:  cat - How can I find infinity focus on a kit lens with no markers? I have a kit lens which has no markers. What would be a recommended way to find infinity focus on this lens?  I plan to shoot objects at night -- not necessarily stars or the moon. So, adjusting the focus using the viewfinder may not be an option. Selecting all files in directory for merging in QGIS Processing? I'm writing a generic script which involves writing shapefiles to a directory which are then merged together. After writing the files out to the Output folder, I'm trying to get the saga:mergeshapeslayers algorithm to merge all the files in the Output folder. I have used the Model Builder and although it is helpful to an extent, I find that it is used for specific purposes whereas I am attempting to make a script for generic purposes.   Code:  ##Test=name ##Select_folder=folder ##Result=output vector  import os import glob  path_1 = Select_folder path = path_1 os.chdir(path)  def function():      output = glob.glob(path_1 + './*.shp')     x = 0      while output[x]:         for fname in glob.glob("*.shp"):             outputs_1 = processing.runandload("qgis:fieldcalculator", output[x], 'Number', 1, 10, 0, True, 1 , "C:\Users\Me\Desktop\Output\\"  + fname)             multiple_0 = glob.glob("*.shp")             x = x + 1          if x + 1 &gt; len(output):             processing.runalg("saga:mergeshapeslayers", output[0], ";".join(multiple_0) , Result)             break         else:             continue  if path_1:     function() else:    pass Difficult Polynomial Question Xorg 100% cpu with pulseaudio On Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS  Pulseaudio causes Xorg to use 100% CPU.  After disabling autospawn in /etc/pulse/client.conf and killing pulseaudio CPU immediately drops to acceptable level. After restarting pulseaudio Xorg returns to 100% CPU.  pulseaudio --kill pulseaudio --start   Installed versions:  pulseaudio 1:8.0-0ubuntu3.7 xorg       1:7.7+13ubuntu3 nvidia-390 390.30-0ubuntu1    How to fix this? Clicking on tags in global search results is broken I'm having trouble understanding what I'm doing wrong here: I'm trying to set up two network Locations, one for my home network via my cable modem and a second for Wi-Fi tethering via my mobile phone. What I'd like to be able to do is change the Location (under the Apple menu &gt; Location) and have my Mac automatically connect to the proper Wi-Fi network: either my home network SSID or my WiFi tethering SSID. I defined two locations, switched between them, and set the preferred network list for each location. But when I change the preferred network list for one Location, it changes the list for the other Location as well! Am I doing something wrong or is it really not possible to maintain a separate list of Preferred Networks for each network Location? It seems doubtful it's not possible since just about every other netrok setting depends on the location... I am using OS X 10.7.2. If $h : Y \to X$ is a covering map and $Y$ is connected, then the cardinality of the fiber $h^{-1}(x)$ is independent of $x \in X$. In "Knots and Primes: An Introduction to Arithmetic Topology", the author uses the following proposition   Let $h: Y \to X$ be a covering. For any path $\gamma : [0,1] \to X$ and any $y \in h^{-1}(x) (x = \gamma(0))$, there exists a unique lift $\hat{\gamma} : [0,1] \to Y$ of $\gamma$ with $\hat{\gamma}(0) = y$. Furthermore, for any homotopy $\gamma_t (t \in [0,1])$ of $\gamma$ with $\gamma_t = \gamma(0)$ and $\gamma_t(1) = \gamma(1)$, there exists a unique lift of $\hat{\gamma_t}$ such that $\hat{\gamma_t}$ is the homotopy of $\hat{\gamma}$ with $\hat{\gamma_t}(0) = \hat{\gamma}(0)$ and $\hat{\gamma_t}(1) = \hat{\gamma}(1)$.  The author then follows with; "In the following, we assume that any covering space is connected. By the preceding proposition, the cardinality of the fiber $h^{-1}(x)$ is independent of $x \in X$."   I am not sure why this results is true. This is my attempt at explaining it to myself. Take two different $x_1, x_2$ and their fibers $h^{-1}(x_1), h^{-1}(x_2)$ such that $y_1 \in h^{-1}(x_1)$ and $y_2 \in h^{-1}(x_2)$. Take two paths $\gamma_1, \gamma_2$ such that $\gamma_1(0) = x_1$ and $\gamma_2(0) = x_2$. Then we get two lifts $\hat{\gamma_1}, \hat{\gamma_2}$ with $\hat{\gamma_1}(0) = y_1$ and $\hat{\gamma_2}(0) = y_2$. Now, since our covering space is connected we can continuously deform $\hat{\gamma_1}$ into $\hat{\gamma_2}$ and conclude that every elements in $h^{-1}(x_1)$ is also in $h^{-1}(x_2)$ and vice versa. I feel that this is wrong but cannot figure out the right way to see this. Any help would be appreciated.