I was watching Batman Beyond with my daughter and was wondering why there is a giant penny in the bat cave.  I've seen it before in other Batman shows/comics but I was curious what it's origins are.
In Batman #1 in the New 52, when we visit the Batcave for the first time, we see a dinosaur:     What... is up with that? It is a completely awesome cave decoration - but what else is it? Is it a non sequitur or is it a call back to an earlier storyline? I imagine it's the latter – a life-size T-rex model is an expensive piece of decor, even for Bruce Wayne.  Bonus points: are there any other relics from past storylines visible in this Batcave?  Update: here's a shot of the other panel that gives us a view of the "showroom" (including the huge dice).
How to align checkboxes and their labels consistently cross-browsers Is the function $\mbox{tr}(XAX')$ convex? Is the function $\mbox{tr}(XAX')$ convex, where $A$ is a positive semidefinite (PSD) matrix? I know that for a general $A$, the above trace function is not convex. But for a PSD $A$, is the function convex? Changing capitalization of filenames in Git In Windows, if you right-click a .bat file, there's an "Edit" option, which opens the .bat file with notepad. How do I make Windows use Notepad++ instead?  Note that this is different from the question . In that question, user asks for a way to make Notepad++ the default opener for specific file types. This is not what I want here, since I expect that double-clicking on .bat files executes them. Floats appearing in wrong places While any of the other sections under &quot;Edit Profile &amp; Settings&quot; do work normally. How do I counter-knife an enemy? When you press down the right stick to counter the attack, do you just press it, repeatedly press it, or press and hold? I've been knifed a few times from the front and each time I try to counter I fail. Also, if you believe you are about to be knifed and hold down the right stick until you are knifed, will that counter an attack, or do you have to press it down just at the right time? How can I show that the sum   $$ \sum_{k = 0}^n 2^k \binom{n}{k}$$  is equal to $3^n$? If a trait would be advantageous to an organism then why hasn't it evolved yet?  Conversely, if a trait is not advantageous or mildly disadvantageous, why does it exist?  In other words why does evolution not make the organism more "perfect"?    This is a general question that would be applicable for any kind of trait. Please keep the answers precise and scientific.   Read this meta post for more information: Prove that $|f''(\xi)|\geqslant\frac{4|f(a)-f(b)|}{(b-a)^2}$ Let ${\rm f}:\left[a, b\right]\to\mathbb{R}$ be twice differentiable, and suppose   $$\lim_{x\to a^{+}} \frac{{\rm f}\left(x\right) - {\rm f}\left(a\right)}{x - a} = \lim_{x\to b^{-}}\frac{{\rm f}\left(x\right) - {\rm f}\left(b\right)}{x - b} =0 $$  Show that there exists $\xi \in \left(a, b\right)$ such that $\displaystyle{% \left\vert\vphantom{\Large A}\,{\rm f}''\left(\xi\right)\right\vert \geq \frac{4\left\vert\vphantom{\Large A}% \,{\rm f}\left(a\right) - {\rm f}\left(b\right)\right\vert} {\left(b - a\right)^{2}}}$.  I don't know how to start. Any hints ?. In attempting to wrap my mind around the basic vocabulary, concepts, and methods of philosophy, I find myself wondering what the difference is between a philosopher and a theologian.   can have two meanings: 1. Theology is a rational study of the existence of God/gods and the nature of religious ideas. 2. Theology is simply a study of a particular religion (or all religions), really more the practice than the theory, but maybe a mixture.  It seems from an immediate reading that definition 1 would lead to the conclusion that a theologian is a philosopher (perhaps that theology is a branch or subset of philosophy), but definition 2 appears to be rather unphilosophical in nature.    So, how does philosophy answer this question?   Is theology considered a proper subset/branch of philosophy overall? Does it depend entirely on which of the above 2 definitions of theology fits a particular theologian as to whether he is a philosopher or not?   I think this answer is simple and fairly self-evident, but somewhere in my gut I feel like I'm missing something.  Is there a treatment of this question in the literature?    Edit: the answers so far seem to want to redefine theology or other terms - that is fine, but please be clear that you are redfining them, and provide, if possible, sources for why the term should be different than given (support from historical works, other sites, etc.). Boy Born on a Tuesday - is it just a language trick? I was reading through the Wikipedia article on  and came across the fact that the most distant Quasar is 29 Billion Light years. This is what the  exactly says      The highest redshift quasar known (as of June 2011[update]) is ULAS-J1120+0641, with a redshift of 7.085, which corresponds to a proper distance of approximately 29 billion light-years from Earth.   Now I come to understand that the  singularity is believed to be around 13.8 Billion years ago.  So how is this possible? Does the presence of such a quasar negate the Big Bang Theory?   I'm not a student of Physics and was reading this out of (whimsical) curiosity. Is there something I'm missing here or the "proper distance" mentioned in the fact is a concept that explains this?  Edit: My Bad! Here's how..  A simple google search led me to  which says the farthest quasar found is 12.9 billion LYs and not 29 billion. So in the end we have just proven that wikipedia needs more moderation. Showing order of $Z (G) =1$ or $pq$ Layers with same coordinates not lining up This question is the flip-side of the commonly asked food temperature safety concerns. I'd like to know, if a meat-based soup stock (chicken/pork/beef/etc) were to be held constantly at a safe hot temperature of 165F/73C-180F/82C, how long could it stay at this temperature and still be considered safe to eat?  Obviously, it would reduce over time, but suppose it's reconstituted with water regularly so that it could continue being held... Is there ANY sort of time limit (even completely unreasonable spans like, months, years, etc)? A proof for the inequality $\sum_{i=0}^{t-2}{\frac{1}{t+3i}} \leq \frac{1}{2} $ for all $t \geq 2$ I'm struggling with proving the following inequality: $$\sum_{i=0}^{t-2}{\frac{1}{t+3i}} \leq \frac{1}{2}$$  for all $t \geq 2$. I think it is monotonic non-increasing in $t$, which would suffice.  Thanks in advance! Comma usage with compound sentences {actually compound predicates as per Rob's answer} Rule 101 of compound sentences is that a coordinate conjunction must be accompanied by a comma most of the time when joining independent clauses, yet I stumble across sentences all that time that seem to abuse this rule. Normally, it's a case of the subject not being present in the second clause, as in the following example:      "They usually start out as an abbreviation, but turn into acronyms   when they become well known."   (taken from the Oxford Style Manual)   To me, this comma cannot be correct because the clause after the comma doesn't contain a subject and therefore cannot be independent (right?). As far as I'm concerned, it's not the 'Comma to set off a contrast rule because I can find plenty of other where 'and' is used and the subject's missing in the second clause.  what's the deal here?   Thanks in Advance for any responses I may receive! Access POST values in Symfony2 request object Given: a = 1 b = 10 c = 100  How do I display a leading zero for all numbers with less than two digits? This is the output I'm expecting: 01 10 100