I have an educational background of biological sciences. I do not have formal education in mathematics or stats. I have been involved in medical research that has statistical methods like regression, survival analysis, Markov chains or discrete event simulations etc. I have been trying to understand these concepts, not systematically though, however I have developed a keen interest in stats. I want to develop a serious understanding of stats and want to achieve expertise. I understand that this will take years and lot of study and practical experience. I have started with books like Probability by Pitman or Statistics by David Freedman. Could you please suggest me few books, online resources, or other methods for systematically developing an understanding good enough to make a career in data analytics.
What book would you recommend for scientists who are not statisticians?  Clear delivery is most appreciated. As well as the explanation of the appropriate techniques and methods for typical tasks: time series analysis, presentation and aggregation of large data sets.
How does the Comma Operator work How does the comma operator work in C++?  For instance, if I do:  a = b, c;     Does a end up equaling b or c?   (Yes, I know this is easy to test - just documenting on here for someone to find the answer quickly.)  Update:  This question has exposed a nuance when using the comma operator.  Just to document this:  a = b, c;    // a is set to the value of b!  a = (b, c);  // a is set to the value of c!   This question was actually inspired by a typo in code.  What was intended to be  a = b; c = d;   Turned into  a = b,    //  &lt;-  Note comma typo! c = d; Converting shapefile To GeoJSON using ArcPy? Should initial e's after h-dropping be capitalized? A new Victorian-set British novel begins sentences containing h-dropping with lower-case e's, as in " 'e took my money, 'e did." This seems incorrect but I'm at a loss to find the rule. I understand that unlocking the bootloader will wipe my Android phone, but have been looking around for why.  Seems to be by design, but what is the reasoning for that design?  Is it some security concern, some obscure technical reason, or just for lulz?  I'm looking for something solid to chew on here, something more than because "that's how it is". I've always been confused by the differences in behavior of font commands.  For example, we have \mathrm{} and \texttt{}, which can be used like this: \texttt{hello} world.  And then we have \it and \bf which must be used as {\it hello} world. If one uses \it{hello} world, both words are italicized.  Internally, what is the difference here? And was this difference a conscious design decision? If so, why? As I'm learning about iptables I've made a couple of mistakes and locked myself out.  What method(s) do you use to test rules without locking yourself out?  I'm using ubuntu server 12.04 LTS    All the answers below were helpful.  In the end I used a combination of options.  It also helps to have IPMI access to your remote server just in case!  But ideally test the rules locally on a replicated environment and test that first.  Vagrant helps in this regard to get test setups working quickly. Limit of $n$th root of $n$! Disable mouse speed check between monitors in windows 8.1 update 1 In windows 8.1 and below, the mouse would seamlessly move through all my monitors.  However, in windows 8.1 update 1 the mouse needs to be going at a certain speed before it goes to a different monitor. How do I disable this?  A google search has turned up nothing, so I'm not sure what exactly is going on Bridged interfaces and VLAN tags Excel function that evaluates a string as if it were a formula? Typesetting A when a register is 1, B when 2, etc I have a register \count0=&lt;some-value&gt; and need to get the letter of the alphabet on the index of \count0. That is, if it is 1, I need an A, if 2, a B, etc.  Is this possible?  I'm reluctant sharing an MWE as it seems to overcomplicate things a bit:  \begin{tikzpicture} \node[regular polygon, regular polygon sides=7, minimum size=5cm] (A) {}; \foreach \i in {1,...,7}{     \count0=8     \advance\count0 by -\i     \node[circle, label=above:\scriptsize\the\count0, fill=black, minimum size=4pt, inner sep=0pt] (\the\count0) at (A.corner \i) {}; } \end{tikzpicture}   With the tikz package and the shapes.geometric tikz library.  This draws seven nodes labelled 1 .. 7 on a circle. I need to have A .. G instead of 1 .. 7. If I design a PC for use as an NPC, how much XP should he give when killed? A circle has the same center as an ellipse and passes through the foci $F_1$ and $F_2$ of the ellipse, two curves intersect in $4$ points. Has a free neutron ever been shown to absorb/emit/interact with a photon? Protons only 'interact with' very high-energy photons, whether inside a nucleus or free, right?  I'm assuming the same about neutrons....  Neutrons have a small magnetic moment and a slight electric 'moment' (dipole?), correct?  They are sometimes considered to consist of a negative charge surrounding a positive charge?  I would assume that neutrons, in a nucleus or free, interact with photons even less often than protons, and that the gamma photon has to have an even higher energy than one interacting with a proton....  Lastly, I have read about 'photodisintegration', in which a nucleon is kicked out of a nucleus by a gamma ray.  It seems to happen to neutrons sometimes...  But, I am mostly curious about experimental evidence of free neutrons interacting with photons, how often it happens compared to free protons, and whether the interacting photon's energy has to be extremely high, higher even than a photon interacting with a proton... ls command very slow after deletion of thousand files on a directory I have a dir under /home/myuser dir which an application stores and deletes millions of temporary files. When I do ls on this dir (now it only has a hundred files only) it is too slow (actually I do not get any output for many minutes). After some google search and doing:  ls -dl ~/mydir/   I get this  drwxrwxrwx 2 myuser myuser 160108544 Oct 12 11:31 /home/myuser/mydir/   which basically means I have to re-index directory entries for this directory (if I understood correctly). How do I do force such a re-indexing on this dir? I have asked this question before  The first guy solved it in a way, but  i would like to know is there any efficient way to do so, because i did the same for N = 13 and N = 15  which took long time.  This problem is from a pen and paper test, ZIO-2018 Can i solve it with an efficient algorithm, well i am pretty beginner in algos, so if there is one kindly descibe it how can i do so?  Thank you Prove that for each $n$, there exist $n$ consecutive integers, each of which is divisible by a perfect square larger than $1$. I want to know where I can find updated information about all the stable and in-development versions of Ubuntu, where I can find this information?     This question is meant to be a canonical question. It expects to answer the following questions:         Is X version stable yet?   Is X version in beta?   Is X version still supported?   What versions are still supported?   What are the versions in Beta/Alpha?   Until where X version will be supported?   Have X version ceased support?   When will be X version released?   Where I can download any release?   When will the next LTS version of Ubuntu be released?         The list is not exhaustive. "One of them was/were you" If I am talking to somebody about a certain group of people in the third person, and then want to refer to the person I am talking with as one of those people, which do I say?     One of them were you      One of them was you. Add a note about downvoting on Meta