What would happen to the Sun if you would reflect, in whatever way, all the outgoing electromagnetic radiation (Solar winds can be neglected)?
I have looked for similar questions here on stack exchange. The closest example to this that I found is . That question assumed less than perfect absorption of material lining the inside of the sphere, and the effect of thermally re-radiating it inside the sphere.  A lot of the answers focused on that much of the thermal radiation would not be reflected back to the star, and is likely to be reabsorbed by the sphere at another location. On the other hand, this question asks what would happen if the Dyson sphere, using mirrors, deliberately refocus a significant portion of the rays directly back at the star.
Does it make a difference to CP if you feed candies before or after evolving? When activating the evolution for a caught Pokemon, it seems to amplify the Combat Power (CP). Thus it seems most beneficial to evolve your Pokemon with the highest CP, if you have multiple of the same kind.   But what I am not sure about is whether it makes an efficiency difference if you spend candies and dust to boost CP before evolving, to gain more from the amplification? Or is it more efficient to just evolve without spending, and then using the leftover candies afterwards, since they now give a bigger CP boost per candy?   I only tested with a Rattata so far, which gained +8 CP per candy before evolving, and +15 CP afterwards. I collected no numbers on the amplification efficiency though, and now ran out of materials for further testing.  Or maybe it is a balanced calculation and makes no difference at all? I would love to have some insight on that.    Some data I collected thus far: (GPC = CP gain per candy)  79 CP Weedle (GPC 6) evolved to: 84 CP Kakuna (GPC 6), evolved at 90 CP to: 297 CP Beedrill    Note: The max-CP "half circle" in the profile stayed filled roughly at the same relative position throughout the evolutions. Create Java console inside a GUI panel How can I create an instance of the Java console inside of a GUI panel? How to vertically center content with variable height within a div? What is the best way to vertically center the content of a div when the height of the content is variable.  In my particular case, the height of the container div is fixed, but it would be great if there were a solution that would work in cases where the container has a variable height as well. Also, I would love a solution with no, or very little use of CSS hacks and/or non-semantic markup. Heroku and Twisted Is there anything that is totally random? When I say totally random, I mean absolutely random, not pseudorandom. If I want to say "totally random" numbers such as 1,26,17,4,1 and 27, although I see them to be totally random, they aren't. These are numbers that I think are influenced by my childhood, ideology and everything that I've seen. So, what do you think? Is there anything completely random? Proving $1^3+ 2^3 + \cdots + n^3 = \left(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\right)^2$ using induction How can I prove that     $$1^3+ 2^3 + \cdots + n^3 = \left(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\right)^2$$    for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$? I am looking for a proof using mathematical induction.  Thanks Can I use the Stack Exchange concept in my own sites? I am thinking of making a site which will have a forum. I already have a lot of users (in an old forum, which I want to renew).  I like the Stack Exchange concept (voting, reputation, etc).  Can I build one of my own on my site? (I don't intend to copy any source code, just the concept itself.)  Is the concept patented or otherwise legally protected, or is it free to use? Trigonometric fraction Inequality question How to SEO a Single-Page website I am creating a new website for a client, and I think a single page website / layout will be pretty neat. There is not that much detailed content, it is a company that imports a lot of products from different companies. So it will be a bit of a showcase of the different types of products / equipment you can order. Of the whole catalog only maybe 10 products are actually shown.  Now I have the basic structure with sections and links like:      #home / #products / #equipment / #services / #contact.    Now from what I understand is that Google does not index links containing #, so there will be no problem of duplicate content, everything will be indexed as the frontpage.  Now what I want to optimize is searching. This company is agent of some product in the country, meaning only they have the permission to import and sell that product. This means  that when somebody searches for product x, this website pops up as the first hit.  Now can I make it that they will be automatically brought to the #products part of the website directly from google.  I was thinking of something like having google index the different sections as different pages. Is something like that possible? jQuery/JavaScript: accessing contents of an iframe Why no ooVoo on ubuntu? The only reason I ever boot into Windows (7) is to use the popular video chat software ooVoo (). It's useless under Wine and there seems to be no way to run it in Ubuntu except for some proprietary tools. Does anyone have any information on some alternatives to running it with Wine? Fixing "Page is not mobile friendly" report from Google test In search results google reports "this page is not mobile-friendly". I want to fix this.   when I test my website in the mobile-friendly test, it reports:   Content wider than screen. Clickable elements too close together.   How can I find the items/content that are creating these problems?  Any help would be appreciated. I'm travelling to country X. I want to install an application which isn't available in my country, but is available in country X; but I prefer to download and install it in advance, while the data connection is still cheap.  Unfortunately, the Play Stores does not allow me to install this app. Is there any way to circumvent this limitation? I want to be able to make callouts to JotForm, but they do not support OAuth and username/password is insufficient for their API. ; for reference, here are the 3 auth options:        Authenticate with Query Parameters   Authenticate with HTTP Headers   Authenticate with Javascript SDK      Basically, they provide an API Key and want me to include an apikey parameter in the header. I don't want to hard code it, I don't want to store it as plain text in custom settings/metadata, and this isn't a managed package. Is there any way to securely store/authenticate from Salesforce, ideally using a Named Credential?  I'd love to be able to just have a Named Credential that is just a securely stored, obscured API Key... Simulating data to fit a mediation model I have a script which calls two commands:  long_running_command | print_progress   The long_running_command prints progress but I'm unhappy with it. I'm using print_progress to make it nicer (namely, I print the progress in a single line).  The problem: Connection a pipe to stdout also activates a 4K buffer, so the nice print program gets nothing ... nothing ... nothing ... a whole lot ... :)  How can I disable the 4K buffer for the long_running_command (no, I do not have the source)? Mouse pointer and keyboard Freeze when pluggin in external hard drive so as I say in the title I have this very big, annoying problem. On my new PC (HP Omen 2020, i7-10750h, Nvidia RTX 2070, 16GB RAM) when I connect an external hard drive (precisely an WD My Passport Ultra, 3TB) I get occasionally mouse and keyboard freezes. Practically, the system becomes unusable. The mouse and keyboards works, they even show in device manager, but from time to time (too often) they &quot;freezes&quot;: mouse pointer freeze, and it won't respond to my input, and keyboard too, if I type something it will not respond. First I thought this was a behaviour due to bad drivers, or something related to my new PC, the fact that it has USB 3.1 ports. But then I've noticed that this fact happens only when I connect my WD Hard Disk (which is USB 3.0) to my pc. I've tried some stuff online, suggesting to update drivers, change some windows settings, but with no success. My guess is that the hard disk and the mouse-keyboard does interfere with each other in some ways. I guess that it's a software problem, at driver levels maybe, not a physical one. When the mouse doesn't respond, I've tried to use the touchpad on the notebook, and it does work. So it's not a windows freeze, it's just the device (mouse-keyboard-receiver) that doesn't respond. The mouse and keyboard are from Logitech, bot connected with the Unifiying receiver (a wireless receiver they provide for the mouse and the keyboard). Model: MX Anywhere 2S for the mouse, K360 for the keyboard. Please, help me solve this problem, monday I start taking my engineering class lessons from MS Teams, and I need my pc up and running and well responsive (I need to access data from the hard disk while I take classes). PS: I've seen that there are some other questions like this in the forum, but none of them seems to provide a solution to the problem. I would also change the external hard drive in the future, but I need to know that the problem with this one won't show with another hard drive, or other devices. I've already sent this very same post to Microsoft community, I really need help with this thing otherwise it will be a problem following my online classes. Thank you if you will try to help me EDIT: On the notebook in question I have 4 USB 3.1 Ports, with two ports on each side, and a single Type-C Thunderbolt port (I'm not counting that one cause both the hard disk and the logitech receiver are USB 3.0 type A connectors). I've already tried switching USB port, connecting the WD Hard Disk to another port, doing the same on the logitech receiver, and I've even tried putting them one on the left side and the other to the right side, to minimize &quot;interference&quot; as someone suggested. But nothing, I still got this problem, which seems driver-related. Hope this will give more info Explanation of finite correction factor Elliptic Curves of different forms Looking at  to find a safe curve, I find that most curves described here are of a different form from that generally used.  In , for example, FpCurves take curves of the form $y^2 = x^3+ax+b$ (Weierstrass), whereas the (safe) curves found on the above linked have different forms, such as $y^2 = x^3+ax^2+x$ (Montgomery) - how do I translate between the two? How do I use the second form of curve with, for example, Bouncy Castle?  (Or do I simply have to accept that no safe curves of the Fp form exist?)    What else have I tried? Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography (Hankerson et.al.) covers curves of the forms $y^2 = x^3+ax+b$ for fields with characteristic > 3, and only offer alternatives (that are not interchangable with the safe curves, either) for lower characteristics, that are not very useable in my situation. Even then, some curves on the safe curves website are of forms that I cannot immediately find explained anywhere. Defragmenting an SSD drive is a bad idea and Windows 7 is (should be?) smart enough not to schedule defragmentation on such drives.  However, I've opened up Disk Defragmenter on my system and found, to my surprise, that my SSD has indeed been defragmented... recently!  Then I checked the disks selected for the scheduled defrag (I have one SSD and one normal disk), and there the list correctly shows only the non-SSD drive.   MSDN forum post seems to suggest that, at least on Windows 8, defragmenting an SSD drive will just cause the TRIM command to be sent to the drive, but there's no word on what actually happens if you try to defrag an SSD drive on Windows 7 (aside from the fact that it shouldn't happen automatically).  What happens in Windows 7 if one chooses to defrag and SSD? What could possibly have been the reason my SSD drive got been defragmented?  EDIT:  I just remembered - I've moved some folders (Users and ProgramData) from my SSD drive to my normal drive using junctions.  question suggests that this shouldn't have any effects at all on the defragmentation process, but could it have an effect on the "last run" in Disk Defragmenter?