Sorry for the wrong way of title used before.   All sub domains of stackexchange.com have a restriction of "minimum reputations required" for Chat Comment and Image uploading. When members have non-sufficient reputation,    In case of image, if my question does need an image to upload to ask the question specific to topic, and if it is happened to be my first question, or my nth question with below required reputation, I cannot get specific or perfect answers. Images especially of errors, warnings or snapshots of how does the application currently look like(if it is not be explained in words) are prominent among who face those errors before. So by uploading the image they can answer the specific answer. I find no logic in relating reputations with uploading images to ask an efficient question. It will make the new member of this community helpless. In case of comment, some questions or answers need to be clarified slightly different than the questions or answers provided. In this case members with below than required reputations cannot ask a new question just to get small missing information from another answers. In most of the cases the questions asked slightly different than the existing questions will also be considered as duplicate by the forum moderators and members with high reputation. This will lead the member to loose the small reputation that he had before. By opening comment capability to all members irrespective of reputation will enable answerers to update the answer with more information and prevent duplication of questions. When it comes to chat, some domains such as stack overflow restricted a reputation of 50!!. When there is no facility to send personal messages to the members of community, to contact the member for getting additional information about the comment or answer they have posted or to make them know that someone is trying to reach them, is only possible by leaving a msg through chat. for eg: In  post the member GrIsHu has commented to check out the answer provided by him. But there is neither answer posted not link have provided. Now I cannot comment(because of non-sufficient reputation), and I cannot leave a chat msg too(and its a dream to get 50 reputation immediately so that I can enter chat) finally I have no way to ask him the link of the answer he has posted. Even using chat we can get instant help without asking new question.   When members with very high reputation(>50K) use comment to offend each other(In many posts posted on sub domains of stack exchange that I don't like to disclose), new members with &lt;50 reputation who are in hurry or in need of immediate help can't get simple clarifications on answers with high up votes or the required answer in time.  I personally not getting the logic behind restricting newbies to upload an image, use comment for either for clarification or suggestion and restriction on chat to get instant help or use as a means of contacting a particular member.  What is the genuine reason behind these restrictions?
To post an image in a question/answer an user requires at least 10 rep points (see ). To be able to upload an image in the chat, the rep requirements is instead 100 rep point (see ).  Is there any reason to that? I am asking because IF the rationale is to provide more protection inside the chat, the protection is easily circumvented by uploading the image via the question editor, and then copying the link to the chat. Basically, the more restrictive requirement fail to reach its goal - assuming that blocking uploads from new users was indeed the target.  I am not proposing to change that (it doesn't seem worthy the effort) but I was curios to know if this is just a refuse caused by successive changes to the system or if there is actually a different rationale to this that I am missing.  [note: I will remove the double Discussion/Support tag as soon as I can focus if the question has a staff answer - support or will prompt a discussion]
Suspended user cannot award bounty I asked a question on Stack Overflow: . I want to award my bounty to  by user  However, my Stack Overflow account is suspended recently for 7 days, and the suspension still has 5 more days to end.And I know I can't vote, ask, answer or comment as pointed on  by  with the sentence below.  You will be unable to vote, ask, answer, or comment.  I couldn't find anything about not being able to accept an answer or award bounty so I tried to accept the mentioned answer above and award my bounty to it and I got a  Suspended users cannot vote  rejection which can be seen below with a screenshot.  I know this  If you do not award your bounty within 7 days, the highest voted answer created after the bounty started with at least 2 upvotes will be awarded half the bounty amount.  from . None of the answer given to my question is upvoted and the answer I mentioned is not the oldest one after the bounty started so it won't be awarded by community. What can I do? (except being a good guy and not get suspended :)) Yesterday I read Modern English:A Practical Reference Guide written by Marcella Frank, and she gives a paradigm about tenses on page 50. The page shows tenses in active voice and passive voice; she said these four tenses are exceedingly rare:   shall/will be being offered has/have been being offered had been being offered shall/will have been being offered   Why are these tense so rare? Are they normally replaced by other tenses? It started happening today... all of a sudden, no apparent reason!  Here's the output from df:   assp:~# df -k Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/simfs             6291456   1378384   4913072  22% / tmpfs                  8202680         0   8202680   0% /lib/init/rw tmpfs                  8202680         0   8202680   0% /dev/shm  assp:~# df -i Filesystem            Inodes   IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on /dev/simfs           55781934   83005 55698929    1% / tmpfs                2050670       2 2050668    1% /lib/init/rw tmpfs                2050670       1 2050669    1% /dev/shm  assp:~# df -h Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/simfs            6.0G  1.4G  4.7G  22% / tmpfs                 7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /lib/init/rw tmpfs                 7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev/shm   Here's an actual entry from /var/log/mail.warn:   Dec 11 17:55:37 assp postfix/smtpd[30614]: warning: not enough free space in mail queue: 0 bytes &lt; 1.5*message size limit Dec 11 17:55:37 assp postfix/cleanup[30617]: warning: 4361D850D54: write queue file: No space left on device   . Available space not changing when resizing a partition Prove $[A,B^n] = nB^{n-1}[A,B]$ I am trying to show that $[A,B^n] = nB^{n-1}[A,B]$ where A and B are two Hermitian operators that commute with their commutator. However, I am running into a little problem and would like a hint of how to proceed.  If A and B commute then $[A,B] = ABA^{-1}B^{-1} = e$ where e is the identity element of the group.  $$\therefore AB=BA$$  $$n=1; [A,B^1] = (1)B^0[A,B] = e$$ This statement is certainly true. however moving on to $n = 2$ I find...  $$[A,B^2] = AB^2A^{-1}B^{-2} = ABBA^{-1}B^{-1}B^{-1} = BBAA^{-1}B^{-1}B^{-1}$$  Where in the last step I have used the fact that A and B commute to rearange the terms. However, it is plain to see that this last term simply reduces to the identity as well and for the n = 2 case we have:  $$[A,B^2] = e \ne 2B[A,B] = 2Be = 2B$$  Clearly I have assumed something I shouldn't have. The fact that there is a multiplicative factor of n implies I should be adding things, but I thought if I kept it as general as possible, the answer should just fall out naturally. I don't want an answer please, only guidance. How can I find the version of Ubuntu that is installed? how to *completely* turn off automatic updates in Windows 10 I have disabled the services &quot;Windows Update&quot; and &quot;Windows Update Medic Service&quot; in using services.mcs. Furthermore, I made changes to the registry, creating a key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU with a DWORD (32-bit) Value &quot;AUOptions&quot; with value set to 2. I still see frequent queries to ctldl.windowsupdate.com sent to my DNS server. Which services need to be disables to completely shut this down? How to run Windows 10 from an external hard drive? I am currently able to boot from an external drive or multiboot USB. Taking this concept one step further, I have 3 questions:   1) Is it possible to install and run Windows 10 on a portable external hard drive or USB card with the same functionality of being installed on the internal drive?   2) Is it considered legal to do so or will it affect Windows updates in any way?   3) What are the steps to do that? (please outline steps I can follow so I don't lose a drive in the process). :)  EDIT: My question deals specifically with Windows 10, the legality and method of making it a standalone OS running from an external device and what effect if any it has on Windows Update; questions not dealt with in the other question. Cardinality of $\mathbb{R}^\mathbb{R}$ by diagonal argument I want to prove that the set of all real functions $\mathbb{R}^\mathbb{R}$ has a higher cardinality than the real numbers $\mathbb R$, by Cantor's diagonal argument.  I'm having difficulties with approaching this problem.  What I'm looking for is a hint in the right direction.  I've seen an example where it is shown that the power set $2^S$ of a countable set $S$ is uncountable, by the diagonal argument. What command should I use to rotate wood to S,N,W,E,D and U?  I read the entire world edit guide and tried some things but all the results are not satisfactory. If the $n^{th}$ partial sum of a series $\sum a_n$ is $S_n = \frac{n-1}{n+1}$, find $a_n$ and the sum. Splitting all polygon features in a shapefile into smaller equal width polygons I have a shapefile of thousands of polygon features, that i would like to break up into smaller pieces (i.e. break a square into 8 equal pieces). I have read all over these boards for the right solution and haven't found one yet unfortunately. I've tried parcel editor but that only allows you to manually edit one feature at a time, and I've tried fishnet but that doesn't run through each individual feature it just processes across the entire extent of the shapefile. I have the full license for ArcGIS so all options are game. Ultimately I would like to be able to split this initial shapefile of features into a specified amount of equal width slots that each would be their own feature in the resulting shapefile.  Any thoughts? I am trying to use the Alt+Right Click to select edge loops in Linux Mint but this shortcut doesn't work it is already used for Linux to reduce a window. I have checked the keyboard shortcut but it doesn't appear. What is the difference between the words which and that?  For example I have the following sentences:   “I have a car which is blue.” “I have a car that is blue.”   Are there any rules specifying usage of which and that? Why is the image of a smooth embedding $f: N \to M$ an embedded submanifold? I'm reading An Introduction to Manifolds (Tu) and got confused on p.123 Theorem 11.13. Let me briefly explain what was done before that.  The author defines an embedding between two manifolds $f: N\rightarrow M$ as an injective immersion (differential is injective everywhere) with the additional property that $f(N)$ as a subspace of $M$ is homeomorphic via $f$ to $N$. Then a canonical form theorem is proven, namely, that for any point $p \in N$, there are charts $(U,\phi = x^1, \ldots, x^n) \ni p$ and $(V,\psi = y^1, \ldots, y^m) \ni f(p)$, such that the transition map takes the following form:  $$\psi \circ f \circ \phi^{-1} : (r^1,\ldots,r^n) \mapsto (r^1,\ldots,r^n,0,\ldots,0).$$  (I guess it is implicitly assumed that $f(U) \subset V$).  Now in the process of proving that $f(N) \subset M$ is an , he states that $f(U) \subset V$ is defined by the vanishing of the coordinates $y^{n+1},\ldots,y^m$. I can prove that $$ f(U) \subset \{q \in V: y^{n+1}(q) = \cdots = y^m(q)\} $$ but not the reverse inclusion. Can anyone explain why this should be true? What is the distribution of the sum of non i.i.d. gaussian variates? If $X$ is distributed $N(\mu_X, \sigma^2_X)$, $Y$ is distributed $N(\mu_Y, \sigma^2_Y)$ and $Z = X + Y$, I know that $Z$ is distributed $N(\mu_X + \mu_Y, \sigma^2_X + \sigma^2_Y)$ if X and Y are independent.  But what would happen if X and Y were not independent, i.e. $(X, Y) \approx N\big( (\begin{smallmatrix} \mu_X\\\mu_Y \end{smallmatrix}) , (\begin{smallmatrix} \sigma^2_X &amp;&amp; \sigma_{X,Y}\\ \sigma_{X,Y} &amp;&amp; \sigma^2_Y \end{smallmatrix}) \big) $  Would this affect how the sum $Z$ is distributed? SEO preference: does a site with WWW rank better than without WWW? Where can I get Blender test builds? I know that  provides downloads for official releases. I see on forums that people use newer versions of Blender. Where can I get newer version of Blender (nightly builds, alpha versions... etc). How do I call one constructor from another in Java? How can I make sharp geometric 3d models look more realistic? I'm making a scene in Blender with manufactured mechanical and electrical objects - cylinders, metal objects and so forth. I want to make these look real, be fully present with a sense of mass and substance.  3DCG has a tendency to make everything very sharply geometric, often looking mathematical and artificial. In other scenes, some organic curves, normal maps or particle systems would help make object look real. Like for example, making a simple plastic dog model look more believable, one can add more vertices for better definition, add texture layer, add fur etc.  My scene shows clean resistors, wires, metal strips and such, all sharply geometric. It's tricky to find ways to make the result less mathematical and more substantial, realistic and interesting to the eye.  What are some effective ways to add realism to these objects?