How to get rid of extra confusing subdomain redirection? I've finished building my site just recently and I notice that when I open anything the url adds a nasty top subdomain to the top like in this example:  (Referring to the &quot;/?v=88588bacf0da&quot; part) Why does this happen and how do you get rid of it to see a cleaner domain?
Why "?v=hash" is added to my URLs? I'm new to wordpress, I set up everything, but there's something that bothers me: on every single URL or link, there's a "?v=hash" appended everywhere (example.com/?v=d21feabed96b).  I tried to see inspect every plugin, I don't understand how this parameter is added.  It looks like it's added in js, because if I see the source, there's no trace of this hash, but I can see in firebug live source.  Plugins installed:   jetpack sumome wp-piwik wp super cache woocommerce   Theme: Storefront  I tried to disable everything, but still I get this hash, does anyone knows how and why it's added?  I'm also using cloudflare
Prove $\int\cos^n x \ dx = \frac{1}n \cos^{n-1}x \sin x + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\cos^{n-2} x \ dx$ I am trying to prove  $$\int\cos^n x \ dx = \frac{1}n \cos^{n-1}x \sin x + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\cos^{n-2} x \ dx$$  This problem is a classic, but I seem to be missing one step or the understanding of two steps which I will outline below.   $$I_n := \int\cos^n x \ dx = \int\cos^{n-1} x \cos x \ dx \tag{1}$$  First question: why rewrite the original instead of immediately integrating by parts of $\int \cos^n x \ dx$?  Integrate by parts with $$u = \cos^{n-1} x, dv = \cos x \ dx \implies du = (n-1)\cos^{n-2} x \cdot -\sin x, v = \sin x$$  which leads to  $$I_n = \sin x \ \cos^{n-1} x +\int\sin^2 x (n-1) \ \cos^{n-2} x \ dx \tag{2}$$  Since $(n-1)$ is a constant, we can throw it out front of the integral:  $$I_n = \sin x \ \cos^{n-1} x +(n-1)\int\sin^2 x \ \cos^{n-2} x \ dx\tag{3}$$  I can transform the integral a bit because $\sin^2 x + cos^2 x = 1 \implies \sin^2 x = 1-\cos^2 x$  $$I_n = \sin x \ \cos^{n-1} x + (n-1)\int(1-\cos^2 x) \ \cos^{n-2} x \ dx \tag{4}$$  According to Wikipedia as noted , this simplifies to:  $$I_n = \sin x \ \cos^{n-1} x + (n-1) \int \cos^{n-2} x \ dx - (n-1)\int(\cos^n x) \ dx \tag{5}$$  Question 2: How did they simplify the integral of $\int(1-\cos^2 x) \ dx$ to $\int(\cos^n x) \ dx$?  Assuming knowledge of equation 5, I see how to rewrite it as  $$I_n = \sin x \ \cos^{n-1} x + (n-1) I_{n-2} x  - (n-1) I_{n} \tag{6}$$  and solve for $I_n$. I had tried exploiting the fact that  $$\cos^2 x = \frac{1}{2} \cos(2x) + \frac{1}{2} $$  and trying to deal with $\int 1 \ dx - \int \frac{1}{2} \cos (2x) + \frac{1}{2} \ dx$  which left me with $\frac{x}{2} - \frac{1}{4} \sin(2x)$ after integrating those pieces. Putting it all together I have:  $$I_n = \sin x \ \cos^{n-1} x + (n-1) I_{n-2} x \left(-(n-1) (\frac{x}{2} - \frac{1}{4} \sin 2x) \right) \tag{7}$$  but I'm unsure how to write the last few terms as an expression of $I_{something}$ to get it to match the usual reduction formula of   $$\int\cos^n x \ dx = \frac{1}n \cos^{n-1}x \sin x + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\cos^{n-2} x \ dx$$ How to create vector graphics In Photoshop? I know people prefer using CorelDraw or Adobe Illustrator, but I want to know if there is a technique I can follow to use Adobe Photoshop to make vector Images. Maclaurin Expansion for $e^{e^{z}}$ at $z=0$ show that every continuous real-valued function defined on $S_{\mathbb{\Omega}}$ is eventually constant Renting a car in Ireland & Great Britain: 1 rental or 2? My wife, two kids and I will be traveling in Ireland and the UK Nov. 1st through 21st. We're flying into and out of Dublin. Our plan is to do a clockwise tour: Fly into Dublin -> Belfast -> Scotland -> England/London -> Back to Dublin to fly home.  We've been planning to rent a car when we land in Dublin (doing just things outside Dublin at the start of the trip) and have a car all the way until London, then turn in the car and take a train/ferry to get back to Dublin before flying home.  However, reading through the car rental section of Rick Steve's 2012 Ireland book is causing us to question if this is the right plan.  He says (p. 480):     If your trip covers both Ireland and Great Britain, you're better off   with two separate car rentals, rather than paying for your car to ride   the ferry between the two islands. On an all-Ireland trip, you can   drive your rental car from the Republic of Ireland into Northern   Ireland, but be aware of drop-off charges ($75-150) if you return it   in the North.   So it seems like he recommends against doing one car rental for both islands, but he also recommends against renting in the Republic of Ireland and returning it in Northern Ireland (our other option for our current itinerary).  So we're not sure which is best here.  A few questions about this:   If we do one car rental all the way from Dublin to London, will there be a similar $75-$150 fee? Is there an easy place to return a car on the Northern Ireland side of one of the Northern Ireland -> Scotland ferries, and an easy place on the Scotland side to rent a car?  We'd like to minimize the number of buses/whatever we need to take between car rentals since we'll be lugging around car seats for both of our children (on top of carrying them and our luggage). Will one way be significantly cheaper than the other?  Besides the basic cost of taking the car on the ferry and the drop-off charges, our credit card will cover insurance in Scotland/England but not in Ireland, so we could potentially get a better rental rate by renting a second vehicle once we're on Great Britain. Although, I know you often get a better rate when keeping a car rental for longer, so that may negate any benefit from the credit card covering the insurance. How to plot an emission spectrum? Some people (me) would prefer the straight GNOME experience as opposed to the Unity style desktop offered in Ubuntu 17.10.  How can I get the standard GNOME desktop and interface? What is the difference between “say” and “tell”? I really get confused when to use say and when to use tell. Which is appropriate in the following:   What did he tell? / What did he say? What are you saying? / What are you telling? I have the following title page in LaTeX: \documentclass{article}  \title{Appendix A: User Manual}  \author{ John Smith\\University XYZ\\Albert Square\\Walford\\NC1 8AE }  \begin{document} \maketitle \end{document}  What is the proper way to add a new page, say, for the contents page and start editing that new page? When using the Gmail preview pane lab, fastest way to get a direct link to a conversation? In vanilla Gmail, clicking on a conversation alters the fragment ID in the URL, allowing you to link back to that conversation.  (It opens in its own Gmail interface.)  I am using the preview pane, which is great, except that the URL no longer updates when viewing specific emails, so there appears to be no way to get the link to the currently-viewed conversation.  (The 'open in new window' button doesn't help, since it pulls its contents in on the client side; it isn't a standalone link.)  The only solution I've found is to turn off the preview pane, find the message again in the list, open it, grab the link, go back to the message list, and turn preview pane back on.  That's fairly onerous for something I do often though (to clip Gmail conversations to Evernote, where my GTD setup lives). Dr. StrangeNumbers or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Floating Point Arithmetic How were hobbits created? How were hobbits created? I can't find any reference in The Silmarillion about this. Are they just men who have shrunken over generations or what? What is this plastic chip packing material called? How do I install Adobe Flash player? I have had significant problems with watching flash video in 64-bit Ubuntu.  Does anyone know of a good way to get flash running on the platform? I would like to migrate apps and their data from one phone to another without too much faffing around, like:   rooting (very convoluted device specific process with a lot of ambiguity around it and often involving running closed source software from random vendors that you have to believe does the right thing), using app specific backup export/import facilities if at all exist (too manual, seems the only option though).   I am ok with:   using a PC to help facilitate the process, manual copying/pasting files (within reason).   Ideally, I would like to have a process that works something like this:   select apps that I would like to have in their current state on the other phone, bundle them together and store somewhere (external SD card or PC), put that bundle on the other phone and somehow install and recover their state.   A bit like  works.  So far I have tried :    - unfortunately, like many others, requires rooting,  - seemed promising but Helium has never been, nor ever will be, compatible with any device running anything less than Android 4.0 and it does not work on certain phones.  - Q: Does it backup data of apps? A: No, currently it only backup the apk files of apps. and skimmed through a number of articles including  (looks like even if I was willing to root I would have a hard time). Strange Bittorrent Log On My Server Prove: If $\gcd(a,b,c)=1$ then there exists $z$ such that $\gcd(az+b,c) = 1$ I can't crack this one.      Prove: If $\gcd(a,b,c)=1$ then there exists $z$ such that $\gcd(az+b,c) = 1$ (the only constraint is that  $a,b,c,z \in \mathbb{Z}$ and $c\neq 0)$ How can I add the word "Chap" before the chapters numbers in the Toc in class report? At here  the word Chapter added in \documentclass{book}. Now I want to use them in \documentclass{report}. How can I do that? Removing all 'stable' theme's CSS from a Drupal 8 custom theme I would like to remove all CSSs automatically included from stable theme:  /core/themes/stable/css/system/components/*   I can remove them one by one inside the .info.yml file:  stylesheets-remove:   - 'core/themes/stable/css/system/components/ajax-progress.module.css'   - 'core/themes/stable/css/system/components/autocomplete-loading.module.css'   - ...   Is there a way to remove all of them at once?   Something like:  stylesheets-remove:   - 'core/themes/stable/css/system/components/*' 80's Animated movie: An old man joins mission to save a boy stranded on a hostile world