What is the difference between a Framework, a Toolkit and a Library?
What is the difference between a framework and a library?   I always thought of a library as a set of objects and functions that focuses on solving a particular problem or a specific area of application development (i.e. database access); and a framework on the other hand as a collection of libraries centered on a particular methodology (i.e. MVC) and which covers all areas of application development.
Declaring Text Decorations such as Underline, Strikethrough in a Style How do I include text decorations such as Underline, Strikethrough etc in a Style definition:  &lt;Style x:Key="UnderlinedLabel"&gt;      &lt;Setter Property="Control.FontFamily" Value="Trebuchet MS" /&gt;      &lt;Setter Property="Control.FontSize" Value="14" /&gt;      &lt;!-- Next line fails --&gt;      &lt;Setter Property="Control.TextDecorations" Value="Underline" /&gt; &lt;/Style&gt;   I'm familiar with using the following XAML to underline text:  &lt;TextBlock&gt;    &lt;Underline&gt;        Underlined text    &lt;/Underline&gt; &lt;/TextBlock&gt;   However text decoration is just another style, I want to be able to define it declaritively like FontWeight, FontSize etc.  [Update]  I was applying this style to a Label control.  This was my main problem.  It appears you can't underline text in a Label.  Change to a TextBlock (thanks gix) and all is well. How to configure Ubuntu as an LDAP client? How to configure Ubuntu 12.04 as LDAP client with PAM modules? How can one refute John Searle's "syntax is not semantics" argument against strong AI? Why do Google search results include pages disallowed in robots.txt? I have some pages on my site that I want to keep search engines away from, so I disallowed them in my robots.txt file like this: User-Agent: * Disallow: /email  Yet I recently noticed that Google still sometimes returns links to those pages in their search results.  Why does this happen, and how can I stop it? Background: Several years ago, I made a simple web site for a club a relative of mine was involved in.  They wanted to have e-mail links on their pages, so, to try and keep those e-mail addresses from ending up on too many spam lists, instead of using direct mailto: links I made those links point to a simple redirector /  script running on my own site.  This script would return either a 301 redirect to the actual mailto: URL, or, if it detected a suspicious access pattern, a page containing lots of random fake e-mail addresses and links to more such pages.  To keep legitimate search bots away from the trap, I set up the robots.txt rule shown above, disallowing the entire space of both legit redirector links and trap pages. Just recently, however, one of the people in the club searched Google for their own name and was quite surprised when one of the results on the first page was a link to the redirector script, with a title consisting of their e-mail address followed by my name.  Of course, they immediately e-mailed me and wanted to know how to get their address out of Google's index.  I was quite surprised too, since I had no idea that Google would index such URLs at all, seemingly in violation of my robots.txt rule. I did manage to submit a removal request to Google, and it seems to have worked, but I'd like to know why and how Google is circumventing my robots.txt like that and how to make sure that none of the disallowed pages will show up in their search results. Ps. I actually found out a possible explanation and solution, which I'll post below, while preparing this question, but  in case someone else might have the same problem.  Please do feel free to post your own answers.  I'd also be interested in knowing if other search engines do this too, and whether the same solutions work for them also. Where the property "__proto_" is stored? Proving that $7^n(3n+1)-1$ is divisible by 9 I'm trying to prove the above result for all $n\geq1$ but after substituting in the inductive hypothesis, I end up with a result that is not quite obviously divisible by 9.   Usually with these divisibility induction problems, it falls apart nicely and we can easily factorise say a 9 if the question required us to prove that the expression is divisible by 9. However in this case, I do not end up with such a thing.  My work so far below:  Inductive Hypothesis: $7^k(3k+1)-1=9N$ where $N\in\mathbb{N}$  Inductive Step:  $7^{k+1}(3k+4)-1 \\ =7\times 7^k(3k+1+3)-1 \\ =7\times \left [ 7^k(3k+1)+3\times 7^k \right ] -1 \\ = 7 \times \left [ 9N+1 + 3 \times 7^k \right ] -1 \\ = 63N+21\times 7^k+6 \\ = 3 \left [ 21N+7^{k+1}+2 \right ]$   So now I need to somehow prove that $21N+7^{k+1}+2$ is divisible by 3, but I'm not quite sure how to proceed from here... If $(1), (log_yx), (log_zy), (-15log_xz)$ are in Arithmetic Progression... If $(1), (log_yx), (log_zy), (-15log_xz)$ are in AP then...   (A)$z^3=x$   (B)$x=y^{-1}$   (C)$z^{-3}=y$   (D)$x=y^{-1}=z^3$   (Multiple answers may be correct)   I tried many approaches, one of them being: $1+log_zy=2log_yx$ $log_zz+log_zy=log_yx^2$ $log_z(yz)=log_yx^2$ But the fact that the bases are different is causing the main problem as I don't know how to proceed further. It would be great if anybody could give me a hint for solving such questions. When do you use Quantum Mechanics? Given a problem, how does one know whether to use quantum mechanics or classical mechanics?   Take for example electron scattering from a nucleus. The electrons are given a wavefunction in this case. Why not use the classical approach? How do I programmatically determine operating system in Java? I would like to determine the operating system of the host that my Java program is running programmatically (for example: I would like to be able to load different properties based on whether I am on a Windows or Unix platform). What is the safest way to do this with 100% reliability? Does causation imply correlation? Correlation does not imply causation, as there could be many explanations for the correlation. But does causation imply correlation? Intuitively, I would think that the presence of causation means there is necessarily some correlation. But my intuition has not always served me well in statistics. Does causation imply correlation? This is my last homework problem and I've been looking at it for a while. I cannot nail down what is wrong with this proof even though its obvious it is wrong based on its conclusion. Here it is:     Find the flaw in the following bogus proof by strong induction that   for all $n \in \Bbb N$, $7n = 0$.      Let $P(n)$ denote the statement that $7n = 0$.      Base case: Show $P(0)$ holds.      Since $7 \cdot 0 = 0$, $P(0)$ holds.      Inductive step: Assume $7·j = 0$ for all natural numbers $j$ where $0 \le j \le k$ (induction hypothesis). Show $P(k + 1)$: $7(k + 1) = 0$.      Write $k + 1 = i + j$, where $i$ and $j$ are natural numbers less than $k + 1$.  Then, using the induction hypothesis, we get $7(k + 1) = 7(i + j) = 7i + 7j = 0 + 0 = 0$. So $P(k + 1)$ holds.      Therefore by strong induction, $P(n)$ holds for all $n \in \Bbb N$.   So the base case is true and I would be surprised if that's where the issue is.  The inductive step is likely where the flaw is. I don't see anything wrong with the strong induction declaration and hypothesis though and the math adds up! I feel like its so obvious that I'm just jumping over it in my head. using gedit through ssh connection - should I have gedit installed on the server? I wanted to try out using graphical tools over ssh. Just to learn a new thing :)  so my understanding is this, I connect like this: ssh -port -x user@server  But I'm running ubuntu server so it has no gui and thus no gui tools. My understanding is I've to install gedit on server. But also xserver?  Can someone clear up this concepts to me? How to redirect output to a file and stdout Could someone help me prove that given a finite measure space $(X, \mathcal{M}, \sigma)$ and a measurable function $f:X\to\mathbb{R}$ in $L^\infty$ and some $L^q$, $\displaystyle\lim_{p\to\infty}\|f\|_p=\|f\|_\infty$?    I don't know where to start. Question is to prove :  $f : S^1 \to \mathbb R$ is continuous then $f(x)=f(-x)$ for some $x\in S^1$  I guess it would be helpful to use intermediate value theorem  Assuming $f(x)\neq f(-x)$ then given any $p\in (f(-x),f(x))$ (assuming $f(-x)&lt;f(x)$) there exists $y\in (-x, x)$ such that $f(y)=p$  I am not very sure of how to use this..   It would be helpful if someone can give some hint which would help me to solve this..  Thank you. I would like to cook frozen chicken breasts in a pressure cooker for shredding and making chicken mole.  I do not want to add anything except water, but I'm having a hard time finding specific guidelines on the time to cook frozen meats with no added ingredients or steps.   In my case, I have 3 pounds of frozen chicken breasts to cook.  What are the general rules to follow for frozen meats and, in my case, how long and at what heat should I cook this for? Extremizing sum and difference of lengths using triangle inequality We have three points $P=(2,3)$, $Q=(4,-2)$ and $R=(\alpha,0)$. We need to find the value of $\alpha$ such that:    Part 1: $|PR+QR|$ is maximized.  Part 2: $|PR-QR|$ is minimized.  I have  the solution for both. I have understood the solution for case 1 but not for case 2.  Case 1's solution :    Case 2's Solution:   I have understood case 1 completely but in case 2 why was there a need to take the image of point Q? I fail to understand this. We have a restricted Windows 7 computer that hides and prevents non-admin users from accessing the C Drive using the following policies:       However, they are able to circumvent this by typing the following into Explorer: \\localhost\C$  How can I disable this path but allow other UNC paths. For example they are allowed to access a shared folder on a different computer. eg. \\192.168.2.1\SharedTransfer  Note: Simply Enabling the Group Policy: Remove Run menu from Start Menu will not work as this blocks all UNC paths.  Update  The user, called Site User, is not a member of the Administrator group directly or indirectly. It is only a member of the group Users.  Accessed the following from: Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Administrative Tools\Computer Management (Local) &gt; System Tools &gt; Local Users and Groups   Local Users and Groups  - Groups       - Administators              - Administrator              - Service User (our admin user)       - Users              - NT AUTHORITY\Auntenticated Users (S-1-5-11)              - NT AUTHORITY\INTERACTIVE (S-1-5-4)              - Site User (user account in question) Sort a Map by values I am relatively new to Java, and often find that I need to sort a Map&lt;Key, Value&gt; on the values.  Since the values are not unique, I find myself converting the keySet into an array, and sorting that array through array sort with a custom comparator that sorts on the value associated with the key.  Is there an easier way? Suppose you do bad in undergraduate school in say computer science. But you do very well in a masters program in computer science. If you want to apply to a PhD program in computer science, will the masters degree grades offset the undergraduate degree grades?