We do citations when we refer to someone else’s papers but what about lecture notes? If I come across someone’s lecture notes which has a different way of presentation of a theorem or some problem and I wish to expose my students to it, how do I make use of it? Can I use the other person’s diagrams or solutions and give them the credit?
When learning a new subject, I would frequently use lecture notes found somewhere in the Internet. When writing a paper (or a master thesis, as in my case, but the rules should be similar, I believe) one should give some reference for used results which are not common knowledge, if I understand correctly. This make me wonder: what do I do if I want to reference a result I found in some notes?  The natural thing to do would be to just add these notes to bibliography. What format would be preferable for this? Note that there will generally not be much publishing information, perhaps not even a definite year and place. (A BibTeX template would be .)  Secondly, is it OK to cite such materials as a reference?
Effective way to find any file's Encoding Using the variable "name" doesn't work with a JS object Skipping Iterations in Python I have a loop going, but there is the possibility for exceptions to be raised inside the loop. This of course would stop my program all together. To prevent that I catch the exceptions and handle them. But then the rest of the iteration runs even though an exception occurred. Is there a keyword to use in my except: clause to just skip the rest of the current iteration? Say, we have a query like this:  select a.*,b.* from  a join b on a.col1=b.col1 and len(a.col1)=10   Assuming the above query uses a Hash Join and has a residual, the probe key will be col1 and the residual will be len(a.col1)=10.  But while going through another example, I could see both the probe and the residual to be the same column. Below is an elaboration on what I am trying to say:  Query:  select * from T1 join T2 on T1.a = T2.a    Execution plan, with probe and residual highlighted:         Test data:    create table T1 (a int, b int, x char(200)) create table T2 (a int, b int, x char(200))  set nocount on declare @i int set @i = 0 while @i &lt; 1000   begin       insert T1 values (@i * 2, @i * 5, @i)     set @i = @i + 1   end  declare @i int set @i = 0 while @i &lt; 10000   begin     insert T2 values (@i * 3, @i * 7, @i)     set @i = @i + 1   end   Question:    How can a probe and a residual be the same column? Why can't SQL Server use the probe column only? Why does it have to use the same column as a residual to filter rows again?  References for test data: Can anybody explain the UNABLE_TO_LOCK_ROW error? Error Message:     Developer script exception from Nicomatic : quotepotential :   quotepotential: execution of AfterUpdate caused by:   System.DmlException: Update failed. First exception on row 0 with id   a0Q90000005PoxtEAC; first error: UNABLE_TO_LOCK_ROW, unable to obtain   exclusive access to this record: [] Trigger.quotepotential: line 14,   column 1      Apex script unhandled trigger exception by user/organization:   00590000001A6jh/00D90000000bovq      quotepotential: execution of AfterUpdate      caused by: System.DmlException: Update failed. First exception on row   0 with id a0Q90000005PoxtEAC; first error: UNABLE_TO_LOCK_ROW, unable   to obtain exclusive access to this record: []      Trigger.quotepotential: line 14, column 1   these mails are getting to my mail..........  trigger quotepotential on Quote_Line_Item__c (after insert,after update) {     Set&lt;Id&gt; quoteIds = new Set&lt;Id&gt;();     List&lt;Quote__c&gt; quotes = new List&lt;Quote__c&gt;();     for (Quote_Line_Item__c record: Trigger.new) {         if (record.Quote1__c != null){             quoteIds.add(record.Quote1__c);         }     }     for(AggregateResult ar:[                 SELECT                      Quote1__c,                      SUM(Max_Batch__c)sumMax                  FROM Quote_Line_Item__c                  WHERE Quote1__c=:quoteIds                  GROUP BY Quote1__c                 ]) {          quotes.add(new Quote__c(              Id=(Id) ar.get('Quote1__c'),              Potential__c = (Decimal) ar.get('sumMax')              ));     }     if (quotes.isempty() == false) {         update quotes;     } } How do I create directory if it doesn't exist to create a file? How to output MySQL query results in CSV format? I'm looking for a good, consistent and easy way to do a report of sudoers permissions for every user and group on the system. For users, I want the report to include permissions granted via group membership. Looking for an appropriate English name to replace my Chinese name Background: I am Chinese, and after living abroad from China for several years, I realize that I need an English name anyway. I’ve seen too many confused faces looking at my Chinese name. My Chinese Name: I am male, my Chinese first name is (IPA): /ʃəʊ/-/dəʊ/, and my family name is: /dʒi/. (Check ipa-reader.xyz if not clear.) Any advice about what could be a good idea of a first name, if the last name sounds like &quot;G&quot;? Something about myself: I'm a introvert, nerdy person. I don't like social, small talk, public area. I enjoy programming, writing, arguing. Physically I am short, slim, with a huge glasses. How to prevent a background process from being stopped after closing SSH client in Linux I'm working on a Linux machine through SSH (Putty). I need to leave a process running during the night, so I thought I could do that by starting the process in background (with an ampersand at the end of the command) and redirecting stdout to a file.  To my surprise, that doesn't work. As soon as I close the Putty window, the process is stopped.  How can I prevent that from happening?? Bug in Mathematica TeXForm generating \left\left Cropping the exact same part of several pictures I have several pictures that are exactly the same except for some small variations. It was one picture that was photoshopped in several different ways. Now, I need to crop them all (13 in total) but I need to crop exactly the same part of it. It needs to be pixel perfect.  How do I do that with Pixelmator? Much as I loathe Microsquish's Word, it does allow you to insert into a header or footer the automated text "Page X of Y."   When using InDesign, it's easy to set up the "Page X" part on a master page. But is there any placeholder character for the Y? That is, it will count the number of pages in the document, either in an absolute or a relative-to-the-section fashion? Every now and again I narrowly miss sending out something with a footer which reads "Page 4 of 3," and I would love to know if there's some way around that. Show that $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2})$ is the smallest subfield of $\mathbb{C}$ that contains $\sqrt{2}$ This was an assertion made in our textbook but I have no idea how to show that either statement is true.  Also would like to show that that $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2})$ is strictly larger than $\mathbb{Q}$, which was the second part of the assertion. How do I create a PDO parameterized query with a LIKE statement? In Inkscape when I apply a dash stroke, then set a mid marker shape, it does not show anything. Finding a closed form for a recurrence relation $a_n=3a_{n-1}+4a_{n-2}$ Consider the sequence defined by $$ \begin{cases} a_0=1\\ a_1=2\\ a_n=3a_{n-1}+4a_{n-2} &amp; \text{if }n\ge 2 \end{cases} .$$ Find a closed form for $a_n$.    I tried listing out examples, but I don't see any common pattern between them.  All solutions are greatly appreciated. Let's assume a very simplified situation. There is only one seller asking for 10$ and there is only one buyer bidding 20$. At what price would the transaction go?   Some answers say it won't, because the ask price has to match the bid price. () Other answers say, that the time ordering is important. () Which answer is correct? What is the final price in the presented situation? Adapt V-brakes bicycle to disk brakes I've been thinking in changing my v-brakes to disc brakes. Now that my rear v-brake can't brake anymore I think that it is time change it. I've already seen . My frame is prepared for disc and, as I don't want to change my brake lever, I'll go with mechanical brakes (does  look ok?);  The only problem is the rear wheel hub that has not the six holes for the disk. Is it ok if I just change the rear wheel hub and keep the front one? Cooking away alcohol When you cook with wine or spirits, when does the alcohol cook away? Obviously high temperatures will do it, but how low of temperatures will work? Also, does it vary by the type of alcohol?