I was previously reprojecting a point cloud in .las format using liblas 1.7.0 (with GeoTIFF 1.4.0 GDAL 1.10.1) as follows:  las2las /tmp/input.las --a_srs EPSG:4326 --t_srs EPSG:3857 --scale 0.001 0.001 0.001 --offset -13704940,4639778,0 --output /tmp/new.las   However, after upgrading to liblas 1.8.0 (with GeoTIFF 1.4.1 GDAL 1.11.3) I now get the following error which I believe indicates the scale factor and offset combination are not enough to cover the data range:     ERROR 1: latitude or longitude exceeded limits   error: Could not project point for ReprojectionTransform::latitude or longitude exceeded limits   I have played about with the offset and scale factor and can get it to work only if I set the scale factors to 0.01 and remove the offset, e.g.:  las2las /tmp/input.las --a_srs EPSG:4326 --t_srs EPSG:3857 --scale 0.01 0.01 0.01 --output /tmp/next.las   Why am I getting this error with the newer version of liblas, and what should my reprojection command be?  For your information, here is the lasinfo for the input point cloud:    Version:                     1.2   Source ID:                   0   Reserved:                    0   Project ID/GUID:             '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'   System ID:                   'libLAS Python API'   Generating Software:         'libLAS 1.8.0'   File Creation Day/Year:      149/2018   Header Byte Size             227   Data Offset:                 738   Header Padding:              0   Number Var. Length Records:  4   Point Data Format:           2   Number of Point Records:     20   Compressed:                  False   Number of Points by Return:  20 0 0 0 0   Scale Factor X Y Z:          0.00000010000000 0.00000010000000 0.01000000000000   Offset X Y Z:                -123.1140000 38.4250000 -100.00   Min X Y Z:                   -123.1139429 38.4257008 -2.43   Max X Y Z:                   -123.1130518 38.4263682 18.19   Spatial Reference: GEOGCS["WGS 84",     DATUM["WGS_1984",         SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,             AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],         AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],     PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],     UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],     AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]
I have a lidar file (file.las) with the following spatial reference:  Spatial Reference:            PROJCS["NAD83 / UTM zone 11N",     GEOGCS["NAD83",         DATUM["North_American_Datum_1983",             SPHEROID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.2572221010002,                 AUTHORITY["EPSG","7019"]],             AUTHORITY["EPSG","6269"]],         PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],         UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],         AUTHORITY["EPSG","4269"]],     PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],     PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],     PARAMETER["central_meridian",-117],     PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996],     PARAMETER["false_easting",500000],     PARAMETER["false_northing",0],     UNIT["metre",1,         AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],     AUTHORITY["EPSG","26911"]]   Then I reproject it to WGS84 with las2las:  las2las --a_srs EPSG:26911 --t_srs EPSG:4326 -i file1.las -o output.las   And I get:   Spatial Reference:                GEOGCS["WGS 84",         DATUM["WGS_1984",             SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,                 AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],             AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],         PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],         UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],         AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]   But when I try to revert the transformation: from WGS84 to NAD83/UTM 11N, I get an error:  las2las --a_srs EPSG:4326 --t_srs EPSG:26911 -i output.las -o wgs2utm.las ERROR 1: latitude or longitude exceeded limits error: Could not project point for ReprojectionTransform::latitude or longitude exceeded limits0.   Why I got this error, if I am just reversing the transformation (originally from NAD83 to WGS84, and then from WGS84 to NAD83)?.
The abstract environment changes the \linewidth for the whole document In the article class, it seems that using the abstract environment has an effect to the rest of the document. More precisely, it seems that it redefines the \linewidth, which equals \textwidth without abstract, is smaller with the abstract. My feeling is that \linewidth is redefined for the abstract environment, but the value is not reseted at the end of the abstract.  Here is a minimal example:  \documentclass{article} \begin{document} \abstract{This is an abstract. This is an abstract.}\bigskip  This is text. This is text. This is text. This is text. This is text. This is text.\\  \rule{\textwidth}{3em} \rule{\linewidth}{3em} \end{document}   The output is not the same if you comment the \abstract line or not.  Do you have the same problem as I do when you compile (if not, I will upload some PDF files to show)? Is this a (known) bug in LaTeX2e? How can we circumvent the problem?  Note: I compile with the pdflatex command, and I use pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-1.40.10 (TeX Live 2009/Debian). The full question: suppose N is normal in G and $[G:N]=p$ is a prime. Prove that for any $K \leq G$, either (1) $K \leq N$ or (2)$KN=G$ and $[K:K \cap N]=p$.  Since $N,K \leq G$, it is of course possible that $K \leq N$ could happen.  but for (2), we can show $KN \subseteq G$  but how can we show $KN=G$?  And what information does "$[G:N]=p$" give us? Choice of ECC curve on USB token I would like to get a USB token to secure my keys. My use case is protection of 3 GnuPG keys that I will be using 10 times per day at least. I plan to create a new key ring from scratch. Because ECC seems more future-oriented than RSA, this is what I chose to use. I'm wondering which USB token to choose as well as which curve.  On  it is said that many people think curves recommended by the NIST or defined by Brainpool have a doubtful origin; therefore, they recommend the non-standardized Bernstein’s Curve 25519. On  one poster says that    He is not aware of any profound criticism of Brainpool curves, and Bernstein’s Curve 25519 is hard to protect against side-channel attacks when implemented in embedded devices.   As a result, I'm a bit lost as to which key/curve to choose. Why haven't I received the "Curious" badge? As you can see in the picture, I have 13 out of 5. But it's been like this for about two months! What's the reason for that? Are there any guarantees in JLS about order of execution static initialization blocks? So uh i've got this problem with a penetrating object and another object that serves as something like a condom if you will    So what I want, is for the penetrating object to not deform while moving into this "rubber cylinder", while the rubber cylinder does deform and reshape itself to the outer form of the penetrating object. That is, if the pen. object is bigger than the entrance hole ofc.  Also, when the object leaves the "rubber cylinder" I want the outer edges to follow (mid object in picture) and then jump back (right object in picture)    Parenting the size and position of the "rubber cylinder"-entrance to the position of the penetrating object would work i guess, but I think it'd create problems when the pen. object enters from another angle (not perpendicular to the entrance). I just read another post where someone mentions Vertex Weight Proximity modifier in a combination with a cast modifier. Don't know if thats gonna work yet. Couldn't find the time to test it. 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This is something I've always been a little uncertain on, any help would  be great. SQL query that concatenates values from duplicate rows in a single table Let's say I have a table of employees, like this:  Name     Sex     Role  Bob      M       Developer Joe      M       QA   Now, I have a problem with duplicated rows in this table. I will fix it sometime but it's not the issue. What I currently need is something that queries such a table:  Name     Sex     Role  Bob      M       Developer Bob      M       Janitor Joe      M       QA Joe      M       CEO   And will output the following rows:  Name     Role  Bob      Developer, Janitor Joe      QA, CEO   It doesn't matter to me if the "Role" will be split to separate columns or be a single column with multiple values.  Using SQL Server 2008 if it matters. Composition of two Riemann integrable functions Lightning Community Does Not Support pubsub for Lightning Web Components? Has anyone successfully used the pubsub module from lwc-recipes to enable inter-component communication in a Lightning Community?  The registerListener function in the pubsub module throws an error because the pageRef property is undefined.  Or is pubsub designed for Lightning Experience only? How to prove that $\sqrt[3] 2 + \sqrt[3] 4$ is irrational? So while doing all sorts of proving and disproving statements regarding irrational numbers, I ran into this one and it quite stumped me:  Prove that $\sqrt[3]{2} + \sqrt[3]{4}$ is irrational.  I tried all the usual suspects like playing with $\sqrt[3]{2} + \sqrt[3]{4} = \frac{a}{b}$ for $a,b\in \mathbb{Z}$ , but got nowhere.  I also figured maybe I should play with it this way:  $2^\frac{1}{3} + 4^\frac{1}{3}=2^\frac{1}{3} + (2^2)^\frac{1}{3}=2^\frac{1}{3} + 2^\frac{2}{3}=2^\frac{1}{3} + 2^\frac{1}{3}\times 2^\frac{1}{3}=2^\frac{1}{3}(1+2^\frac{1}{3})$  But there I got stumped again, because while $1+2^\frac{1}{3}$ is irrational, nothing promises me that $2^\frac{1}{3} \times (1+2^\frac{1}{3})$ is irrational, and I feel like trying to go further down this road is moot.  So what am I missing (other than sleep and food)? What route should I take to  prove this? Thanks in advance! Where do the American and Japanese Transformers franchises meet? The original Transformers TV series was created by the American company Hasbro, and was adapted into Japanese as well. At some point, the Japanese franchise split off into its own continuity, launching its own set of sequels and spin offs.  The questions is: What part of the American franchise is considered canon by the Japanese one? 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