Run script after login as root I want to run a script as root after a login as a regular user in GDM.  Thanks
Run script as root at login (no sudoer user, shell session) Much like /etc/profile and ~/.profile but ran by root instead of the user is doing login. /etc/rc.local runs after boot but I need running the script before login. The user is not a sudoer one.   Thanks!
How to Identify Overfitting in Convolutional Neural network? I understand that dropout is used to reduce over fitting in the network. This is a generalization technique. In convolutional neural network how can I identify overfitting? One situation that I can think of is when I get training accuracy too high compared to testing or validation accuracy. In that case the model tries to overfit to the training samples and performs poorly to the testing samples. Is this the only way that indicates whether to apply dropout or should dropout be blindly added to the model hoping that it increases testing or validation accuracy Is 'efficate' a word in English? I routinely hear the word "efficate" being used.  For example, "The most powerful way to efficate a change in the system is to participate."  I do not find entries for this word in common English dictionaries, but I do not have an unabridged dictionary.  I have checked the OED (I'm not sure if it is considered unabridged), and it has no entry for "efficate".  It does have an entry for "efficiate", which is used in the same way.  Wordnik has an  for "efficate" with over 1800 hits, thus providing some evidence for the frequency of use.  I personally like the word and find the meaning very clear and obvious when others use it.  If it's not currently an "officially documented" word, perhaps its continued use will result in it being better documented. What's the Best Way to Shuffle an NSMutableArray? If you have an NSMutableArray, how do you shuffle the elements randomly?  (I have my own answer for this, which is posted below, but I'm new to Cocoa and I'm interested to know if there is a better way.)    Update: As noted by @Mukesh, as of iOS 10+ and macOS 10.12+, there is an -[NSMutableArray shuffledArray] method that can be used to shuffle. See  for details. (But note that this creates a new array, rather than shuffling the elements in place.) Changing a Part of a variable within ParallelDo I have a php file which I will be using as exclusively as an include. Therefore I would like to throw an error instead of executing it when it's accessed directly by typing in the URL instead of being included.  Basically I need to do a check as follows in the php file:  if ( $REQUEST_URL == $URL_OF_CURRENT_PAGE ) die ("Direct access not premitted");   Is there an easy way to do this? css vertical centering how could i vertically center a &lt;div&gt; within a &lt;div&gt; ?  my code so far:  &lt;div style="height:322px;overflow:auto;"&gt;     &lt;div style="border: Solid 1px #999999;padding:5px;"&gt;     &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;   i have tried "top:50%;" and "vertical-align:middle;" without success  EDIT: okay so it's been discussed a lot. and i've maybe started another mini flame war. but for argument sake, how would i do it with a table then? i've used css for everything else so far so it's not like i'm not trying to employ "good practices".  EDIT: the inner div does not have a fixed height A while back, I read a story in a collection, but I don't remember very much. I know that it was about some missionaries on Mars. Eventually they found a bunch of spheres that apparently have escaped sin by leaving the material world. I don't remember anything else about it. Someone told me that it was in "The Martian Chronicles" by Ray Bradbury, but I checked my copy and couldn't find. I'm pretty sure that it was by Ray Bradbury though. Help would be greatly appreciated. Supposing we have a table with four columns (a,b,c,d) of the same data type.  Is it possible to select all distinct values within the data in the columns and return them as a single column or do I have to create a function to achieve this? Why is it that when you add normally distributed random variables the variance gets larger but in the Central Limit Theorem it gets smaller? When you add two independent normal distributions the resulting distributions' variance is the sum of the variances i.e. it gets larger.  However, the Central Limit Theorem states that  when independent random variables are added, their properly normalized sum tends toward a normal distribution (informally a bell curve) even if the original variables themselves are not normally distributed.   and also says that as you add more variables the variance gets smaller. Why does the variance increase in one case but decrease in the other? Is it because in the CLT case the random variables come from the same underlying distribution? Proof of "the continuous image of a connected set is connected" None of the existing questions is exactly answering my question so I'm posting a new question, but feel free to refer me to some already answered question!   In Rudin Theorem 4.22, we know that      If $f$ is a continuous mapping of a metric space $X$ into a metric space $Y$, and $E$ is a connected subset of $X$, then $f(E)$ is connected.    In the proof, we started with consider $f(E) = A \cup B$, where $A$ and $B$ are nonempty separated subsets. Then put $G = E \cap f^{-1}(A)$ and $H = E \cap f^{-1}(B)$. Then Rudin is claiming that $E = G \cup H$. I'm a little suspicious about this. What if $f$ is non-surjective, then $f^{-1}(A) \cup f^{-1}(B)$  is only a proper subset of $E$? Is there a property of $f$ being continuous that forces $f$ to be 1-1? Suppose $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is a continuous function which is 1-1, then does $f$ map Borel sets onto Borel sets? Primary decomposition of a monomial ideal How do I apply a patch file? What is the difference between electric potential, potential difference (PD), voltage and electromotive force (EMF)? No command 'bla' found, did you mean:? So, when a command is not found, by what means is the "did you mean:" list populated? What program finds these alternate commands?  What is the meaning of: "(main), (universe)..."? Can I change which program finds these? Replace $ with £ using cat Command I have file test_output_archive.svd with some Dollar signs ($). I have generated a shell script Replace_dollar_pound.sh with cat command to replace dollar symbol with Pound (£) script is working on Solaris 10, Dollar getting replaced as expected. In Solaris 11, but the dollar is not getting replaced, not throwing any errors  Content of test_output_archive.svd : Line Rental $9  OOB Only for $10  Replace Dollar symbol with Pound at step1, Remove junk charactes at step 2, Remove temp file at step3, Rename at step4**  Content of Replace_dollar_pound.sh : cat test_output_archive.svd | tr "\044" "\243" > temp_archive.svd cat temp_archive.svd | tr -d "\302" > test_output_archive2.svd rm temp_archive.svd mv test_output_archive2.svd test_output_archive.svd  Any Modifications to be done as OS is updated to Solaris 11 ?? I am starting to learn using blender, and at some point I managed to do something to the 3D view camera.  Usually the camera orbits around an object, but now the rotation seems to happen (atleast very close to) around the "camera's origin". Neither the input setting in "User Preferences", the pivot point selection nor Ctrl-Alt-Shift-C (as suggested on some forum) do anything to the issue. Securing WMS against unauthorized access? In a project the customer wants the images of the WMS to be secured against unauthorized access.   What are the common solutions to realize that?   Are they compatible with the OGC-standards? I refer to the usage of "don't" as an imperative to tell someone what not to do. As in,     Hey! Don't you dare touch that button!   When it is used in the interrogative or as part of a statement, "don't" can be expanded like most other contractions. It either just breaks up right in the sentence, or surrounds the subject.     Don't you love me, Juanromeo? -> Do you not love me, Juanromeo?      I don't love you, Marijuliet. -> I do not love you, Marijuliet.   However, I have no idea how one breaks up the imperative. "Do you not dare[...]" sounds like it's a lead up to a question, "You do not dare[...]" comes across as a statement moreso than a command, and "Do not you dare[...]" just sounds silly.  "Don't" is a bit unique among "not" contractions (at least that I know of) because it is the only one that can be used in an imperative sense. Couldn't, shouldn't, wouldn't, haven't, isn't, doesn't, aren't, can't... none of these can be used in an imperative sense because you cannot command someone to could, should, etc.  Is it possible to expand the don't contraction when it is used as part of a command? Or is its unique case such that it exists as its own linguistic construct? Why don't electromagnetic waves require a medium? As I understand it, electromagnetic waves have two components which are the result of each other, i.e., when a moving electric charge creates a changing magnetic field at point X then a changing electric field is created at point Y and this repeating process is what creates EM waves, so therefore, it requires no medium. Is my understanding correct?  One thing that I'm surprised to know is that light is also called an electromagnetic wave.  Does this include light of any kind, for example: light from a bulb, a tube, and also from the Sun? How do they contain electric and magnetic fields?