!st ed: The Summon Monster and Summon Nature's ally spells all have a casting time of 1 round.  My regular group have always taken that to mean that the summoned creature begins to act in the following round.  My new group (I'm GM for the first time) is claiming that it should appear and start to act in the round in which the spell is cast.  Who is right?  Does it make any difference if the caster is actually a Preservationist Alchemist invoking Bottled Ally?
Each spell has it's own casting time, e.g.  takes 1 full round and  takes a swift action.   On the other hand,      Drinking a potion or using an oil is a standard action    as      In many ways, they behave like spells in potion form, and as such their effects can be dispelled by effects like dispel magic using the alchemist's level as the caster level. Unlike potions, though, extracts can have powerful effects and duplicate spells that a potion normally could not.   So how long does consuming an extract take? I'm inclined to believe that it takes just as long as the spell does to cast (e.g. a full round to Enlarge Person, only a swift for Burst of Speed) but I'd love to know if this is ever clarified in the rules or a FAQ that I've missed.
Struct padding in C++ How do you run update-grub? Run bash script at login stored in the home folder? When I try to load a LaunchAgent plist from launchctl I can't find out how to run a script in the home directory.  My code is:  &lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt; &lt;!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"&gt; &lt;plist version="1.0"&gt; &lt;dict&gt;     &lt;key&gt;ProgramArguments&lt;/key&gt;     &lt;array&gt;         &lt;string&gt;bash&lt;/string&gt;         &lt;string&gt;~/script.sh&lt;/string&gt;     &lt;/array&gt;     &lt;key&gt;RunAtLoad&lt;/key&gt;     &lt;true/&gt;     &lt;key&gt;Label&lt;/key&gt;     &lt;string&gt;com.tyilo.test&lt;/string&gt; &lt;/dict&gt; &lt;/plist&gt;   I have tried both with and without bash and also replacing ~ with $HOME. I have also tried using bash -c without it working.  The error code is:   `com.tyilo.test: bash: ~/script.sh: No such file or directory` Inserting random numbers into a table in MYSQL Order of a homomorphism of groups I am a British citizen and US permanent resident. I rarely need visas. However, I am considering a Mediterranean cruise in the spring or summer of 2019.  Unlike British politicians, I like to plan ahead and be prepared. If I am going to need a Schengen visa, I want to assemble the documentation early next year, so I can apply to the appropriate country as soon as I have an itinerary and it is at most 90 days before travel. Given how things are going, I am preparing for a hard, no-agreement, Brexit.  For trade, that would mean WTO rules. For personal travel, is there a similar fall-back that would allow me visa-free visits to the Schengen countries? Is Autopilot Openstack 16.04 available? How to format a USB drive? Possible Duplicate:             How to format a pen drive in Ubuntu? I have this pen drive which I made bootable using some other system (OS). But I need to format it from my Ubuntu 12.04. Please guide me. How can one prove the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition $$ \oint p~dq ~=~2\pi n \hbar $$ from the WKB ansatz solution $$\Psi(x)~=~e^{iS(x)/ \hbar}$$ for the Schroedinger equation? With $S$ the action of the particle defined by Hamilton-Jacobi equation $$ \frac{\partial S}{\partial t}+ \frac{(\nabla S)^{2} }{2m}+V(x)~=~0 .$$ How to check that a cubic polynomial is irreducible? I want to argue that argue that $\pi(\alpha)=\alpha^3+3\alpha+3$ is an irreducible polynomial over the finite field with 5 elements $\mathbb{F}_5$. My approach was just to check that $\pi$ has no roots in $\mathbb{F}_5$. Is this right? How can I extract menthol powder from fresh mint/peppermint? I have  experience where empty spaces cause unwanted effects. It is not easy to trace the cause of these unwanted effects. In order to eliminate any doubt, I often overuse % as follows.   \usepackage% [% left=3cm, right=3cm% ]% {geometry}   or  \newcommand{\mycommand}% {% This is my command.% }   I got an extreme example that will break what Leo Liu said     In fact, only spaces which would be   output have to be removed by comment.   The following code does not produce output, but we cannot remove the % and leave a blank line between two elements of a list below.  \newpsstyle{gridstyle} { gridwidth=0.4pt, % griddots=0 }   Shortly speaking, where are the necessary places to be appended with % to remove unwanted spaces? US Salary Transfered to Indian Acc and Tax Relation I am on an H1b visa working and receiving a salary in the US. I have transferred approximately $15-20k to my account in India Account (not an NRE account).    How would this transfer affect my taxes in US and India. How can I avoid tax on the money that I have transferred. Would any investments help save taxes? Do I need to declare anything? If so, where ? What is a primary decomposition of the ideal $I = \langle xy, x - yz \rangle$? What's the difference between "it excites me" and "that excites me"? Let $F$ be a Galois extension over $\mathbb{Q}$ with $[F:\mathbb{Q}]=2^n$, then all elements in $F$ are constructible Let $F\subseteq\mathbb{C}$ be a Galois extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ such that $[F:\mathbb{Q}]=2^n$; then all elements in $F$ are constructible.    Added.  Here is what I have so far.  Since there exist the finite normal extension $F\subseteq\mathbb{C}$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ which contains an element say, s, then s has a degree of power of 2. From group theory we have 2 propositons we could use. 'A group $G$ is solvable iff it has a normal series whose factors are abelian', and also 'If $G$ is solvable and $N\triangleleft G$, then $G/N$ is solvable'. Then we can say that the galois group F has a normal series $\{e\}=G_0\triangleleft G_1\triangleleft\cdots\triangleleft G_n=\mathrm{Gal}(F/\mathbb{Q})$, whose factors have order 2. Thus there must exist intermediate fields $\mathbb{Q}=F_0 \subseteq F_1 \subseteq F_2 \subseteq\cdots\subseteq F_n=F$, such that $[F_{j+1}:F_j]=2$ for all $j$. Now this is where I got stuck. Next I need to somehow show that $F_{j+1}=F_j(s_j)$, where $s^2_j$ is an element in $F_j$. Then I think I can conclude that if $s_j$ is constructible than every element in $F_{j+1}$ is constructible... then with $F_n$ is constructible... Sum of the series $\sum _{ r=1 }^{ \infty }{ \frac { { r }^{ 3 } }{ r! } } $ How do I prove that the sum of the series  $1+\frac { { 2 }^{ 3 } }{ 2! } +\frac { { 3 }^{ 3 } }{ 3! } +\frac { { 4 }^{ 3 } }{ 4! } +.... = 5e$ What happens if I buy a game I already own through Steam a second time? I am debating whether or not to get the Potato Sack (yes, I realize I've been debating for several weeks now) bundle through steam.  I already own: Defense Grid: The Awakening, Super Meat Boy, and Audiosurf, all of which are part of the sack pack. What happens if I buy the Potato Sack?  Do I get 2nd copies of the three above mentioned games to gift elsewhere?  Is the price of the bundle reduced by the games I already have?  Do I get nothing special for already owning those 3 games? Is the composition of two injective functions injective? I just installed ubuntu 11.10 from a usb stick.   After installation, none of the software which I had collected and run on 11.10 or 11.04 runs on it. Even my newly downloaded opera or chrome installations does not work.  I do not have a internet connection.  Whenever i try to install any .deb file by double clicking it,software center opens up but the install button is grayed out.