I have an executable file in my home directory (/home/user/filename/filename.sh). I am a non-root user. How do I make this script launch by typing the name in terminal? Not using the cd command, chmod command, and ./. I also want to launch the script by clicking just the application icon.
How can I make a bash script executable by double clicking just like .exe files in Windows? I tried , but there are two consequences:   the terminal twinkles, disappears, and nothing is done. you must specify to run in terminal in order to work.   I have a script that installs tomcat on an offline PC, including all dependencies of tomcat in the script. I need to make the script work on double clicking like windows since most who use the script will not be familiar with Ubuntu.  Forget the above explanation. I want to make a script that can be run by double-clicking on it, without using the terminal. Anybody knows how?
Which one should should I use? For some reason I have always used "towards", but I see some people saying "toward", like :     A great deal of his work in economic   theory has been directed toward   strengthening the foundations of our   understanding of central banking and   social insurance--indeed, one of my   most advanced macroeconomic classes   was nothing but a set of changes rung   upon a particular model that Peter   Diamond had advanced at...   Is there a difference between the two? When should they be used? Idiomatic batch processing of text in Emacs? I would like to know how to write the Exec command of a .desktop file to open a new terminal and execute a shell script in it. The shell script is working and accessible by all users. When launching the script from the terminal everything works, but it doesn't when trying to launch the script from a .desktop file.  Here are some combinations I have already tried:  Exec=gnome-terminal -x sh -c 'echo hello' Exec=sh -c 'gnome-terminal echo hello' Exec=sh -c 'echo hello' Exec=echo hello   The .desktop terminal option is set to true. Sine $\theta$ = opposite/hypotenuse   Cosine $\theta$  = adjacent/hypotenuse   Tangent $\theta$  = opposite/adjacent      In order to calculate the sine or the cosine or the tangent I need to know $3$ sides of a right triangle. $2$ for each corresponding trigonometric function. How does a calculator calculate the sine, cosine, tangent of a number (that is actually an angle ?) without knowing any sides? How many squares on a 5-foot grid does a 5-foot radius spell affect? We had a situation come up regarding this term and how it affected spells.  In the spell Moonbeam, for example, it says a 5-foot radius cylinder appears. Does this mean that from the center of square it extends 2.5 feet into the next square hypothetically hitting up three squares or does this mean from the edge of one the target square to the five feet and five feet the other direction effectively covering only two squares for a total of 10 feet between total range of both squares?  I understand that radius means half the distance of a circle from the center point. The spell is not the issue but the understanding of radius as it pertains to the spell, as there are other spells that are worded similarly such as Fireball, etc.  Essentially we are asking, does the spell in the example effect one square or three? This would be saying the edge of the initial square is the point of origin and not the center of the square for the total distance of ten feet.  I had been working under the understanding that the radius is half of the distance and therefore dragging a ruler from the center of where I want the spell to take effect would get me the area of effect.  It's much easier to do this with Fireball, due to the larger area to effect, but this one has such a small area and therefore sparked the debate. We are using a grid system to mark the distance, etc. We play within the digital realm of roll20.com. How can I remove gpg key that I added using apt-key add -? I don't need the key in my server's keyring anymore. Is it possible to remove it? I added the key using this command:   curl http://repo.varnish-cache.org/debian/GPG-key.txt | apt-key add -   Thanks for helping Part of a fingernail known as the  is informally known as the "quick".  It is referenced in the saying "cut to the quick".  What is the etymology of the word quick as in reference to the fingernail? Purely "algebraic" proof of Young's Inequality states that if $a, b \geq 0$, $p, q &gt; 0$, and $\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} = 1$, then $$ab\leq \frac{a^p}{p} + \frac{b^q}{q}$$ (with equality only when $a^p = b^q$).  Back when I was in my first course in real analysis, I was assigned this as homework, but I couldn't figure it out.  I kept trying to manipulate the expressions algebraically, and I couldn't get anywhere.  But every proof that I've seen since uses calculus in some way to prove this.  For example, a common proof is based on this  and integration.  The proof on Wikipedia uses the fact that $\log$ is concave, which I believe requires the analytic definition of the logarithm to prove (correct me if I'm wrong).  Can this be proven using just algebraic manipulations?  I know that that is a somewhat vague question, because "algebraic" is not well-defined, but I'm not sure how to make it more rigorous. But for example, the proof when $p = q = 2$ is something I would consider to be "purely algebraic":  $$0 \leq (a - b)^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab,$$ so $$ab \leq \frac{a^2}{2} + \frac{b^2}{2}.$$ Do an action and its Euler-Lagrange equations have the same symmetries? Assume a certain action $S$ with certain symmetries, from which according to the Lagrangian formalism, the equations of motion (EOM) of the system are the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations.  Can it happen that the equations of motion derived by this procedure have different kinds and/or numbers of symmetries than the action one has started with? And if yes, are there underlying principles that state why which kind of symmetries the action does not have can emerge in corresponding EOMs or which kind of symmetries of the action can potentially disappear in the EOMs derived from the Euler-Lagrange equations? arbitrary large finite sums of an uncountable set. How to prove that given an uncountable subset $A$ of $R^+$, there exits a finite number of elements in A whose sum is arbitrarily large? In Helgason, "Differential Geometry, Lie Groups and Symmetric Spaces"  we have the formula for the exterior derivative  $(p+1)d\omega(X_{1}, \ldots X_{p+1})=\Sigma_{i=1}^{p+1} (-1)^{i+1} X_{i} \cdot \omega(X_{1}, \ldots , \hat{X_{i}}, \ldots X_{p+1})+\Sigma_{i&lt;j} (-1)^{i+j}\omega([X_{i}, X_{j}], X_{1}, \ldots , \hat{X_{i}}, \ldots \hat{X_{j}}, \ldots , X_{p+1})$  but in other sources on-line they have the same formula without the factor of $p+1$ on the left-hand side.  Are there two different definitions of the exterior derivative, or is there an error in Helgason? I have an excel file with 2 attribute columns, 1-feature info 2-Number of color (RGB) that the current feature should be symbolize. This file file can be joined with the layer using the "feature info" field which is unique (join by attribute table). So i have as attribute the color number attribute for every polygon feature.  How can  i use this this information to symbolize every feature with their attributed color already imported from the excel sheet? What's the difference between &lt;b&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;, &lt;i&gt; and &lt;em&gt; in HTML/XHTML? When should you use each? How to remove `t=canonical` from Firefox browser searches made on DuckDuckGo? In Ubuntu 14.04, when I do a search in Firefox using either the address bar or the search bar, the system always adds t=canonical to my searches. So the full string becomes: https://duckduckgo.com/?q=cat+cooking+salmon&amp;t=canonical.  However, if I perform the same search by going directly to the search engine, i.e. typing the search engine name and doing the search from the presented search box, this does not happen. In this case the string is: https://duckduckgo.com/?q=cat+cooking+salmon.    How do I stop Ubuntu/Firefox from adding t=canonical to my search queries? And, why is this behavior there in the first place? Fundamental question about dimensional analysis Is a switches voltage and current rating a hard limit? Draw Vertices of Regular Polygon I am trying to draw just the nodes (no sides) at the vertices of a regular hexagon.  should be easily modified to accomplish what I want, but I am such a novice that I have difficulty understanding the example. Ideally, each vertex would be a separate named node so that I can easily draw edges between them (I will be making several different graphs using these same nodes). The momentum-space fermion propagator in the free Dirac theory is given by       The arrow on the fermion propagator is said to represent the flow of charge.  How can we derive this statement quantitatively from the Dirac Lagrangian?  What is the quantitative form of the charge being referred to here? Use of *args and **kwargs I was able to install Ubuntu 12.04 using the alternative version of the image, (64 bit) but when I start the system it tells me the GPU  locked up, and instead presents a text only screen.  I understand that this site is not for bug reports, but at the same time, I know that there are some versions of the installer than have to be compatible with my graphics card (Nvidia GTS 360M).  I assumed that the mere fact that the alternative installer ran was an indication that I could get some sort of graphical interface running after the install.  Is there some way of getting some type of graphical interface running on my machine? Even better would be is there a way to get the rest of the system running as normal (i.e. GPU up and running)?  If an internet connection is required to download driver support or something similar, directions for how to configure a wireless connection with WPA2-Personal protection from the text-only interface (bash).  Any help would be appreciated.  Note: I was able to find  which tells me that the card is supported.  Note 2: In the install software stage of the install, I was unable to install anything (no internet connection)  Update: The exact error message is [8.591394] [drm] 0000:01:00.0: GPU Lockup - switching to software fbcon  Update 2: If I try to install with the regular version of Ubuntu, the screen goes staticy. This also happens if I install with Wubi (distasteful I know) and then try to use Ubuntu.  Update 3: I've tried xforcevesa, nomodeset and xforcevesa nomodeset as my wubi boot options.  Update 4: Thanks to jokerdino, I can now connect to the internet, so internet tools would now be a possibility.