If I wrote something in plperlu, and it used a Perl module (e.g. MyModule::Foo), when would that module be reloaded? Does it keep track of them like mod_perl's , so that a touch will cause a reinterpretation?
If I wrote something in plperlu, when would that module be reloaded?  Every time the function ran?  The first time it ran?  Does the Perl DLL get unloaded if it hasn't been used in a while, and then after that it'd be another module reload?
Create taxonomy terms on the fly Consider the atomic spectrum (absorption) of hydrogen.     The Bohr's model postulates that there are only certain fixed orbits allowed in the atom. An atom will only be excited to a higher orbit, if it is supplied with light that precisely matches the difference in energies between the two orbits.   But how precise does 'precisely' mean. Of course, if we need energy $E$ to excite the electron to a higher energy level, and I supply a photon with just $E/2$ I would expect nothing to happen (since the electron cannot occupy an orbit between the allowed ones). But what if I supplied a photon with energy $0.99E$, or $1.0001E$ or some such number. What will happen then?  I think that the electron should still undergo excitation precisely because the lines we observe in the line spectrum have some thickness. Which means that for a given transition, the atom absorbs frequencies in a certain range.   Is my reasoning correct? If not, why? How does Bohr's model explain this? How about modern theory?   If I'm right, what is the range of values that an atom can 'accept' for a given transition? App Store asks for old Apple ID when installing updates I got a MacBook that a colleague of mine had used previously. It runs OS X 10.10.2. I created a new administrator account for myself and turned off the "admin" flag on the old account.  I also entered my iCloud / Apple ID account, so that it syncs my calendars and contacts correctly, and even in the App Store, I am signed in with my correct account.  But when I try to install pending software updates (that is, OS X system updates!), the window that pops up has the the e-mail address of my colleague filled in and greyed out—and I can't change it.     Note that I'm signed in with a different (correct) account in the App Store. When I go to Featured and click Account on the right, it has my correct e-mail address filled in:    How do I make the App Store "forget" the old Apple ID?  I  where it just says "it's not possible", and that apps are glued to the original account the Mac was set up with, but that doesn't make a lot of sense, especially in a company where laptops may be handed over from one person to another. context menu parent? I downloaded Facade from the official website. After installing it, I tried to play it, but after the initial loading screen, the game vanished into just the outline of the window it was in. The sound works fine, and the hand still appears where the mouse is, and I can type responses, but there is no visual at all. I tried adjusting my computer to the resolution it mentions on the website but my computer's resolution won't go low enough. Is there a way to fix this or is the game not compatible with my pc?   Device Manager lists my graphics card as:     Mobile Intel (R) 45 Express Chipset Family (Microsoft Corporation - WDDM1.1) With Ubuntu One shut down, is there a way to sync applications between computers? Since Ubuntu one is no longer it appears that Sync between computers no longer works.  Is there a new method to do this?  I'd like to sync the apps from one machine to another. An element of a group has the same order as its inverse If $a$ is a group element, prove that $a$ and $a^{-1}$ have the same order.   I tried doing this by contradiction.    Assume $|a|\neq|a^{-1}|$  Let $a^n=e$ for some $n\in \mathbb{Z}$ and $(a^{-1})^m=e$ for some $m\in \mathbb{Z}$, and we can assume that $m &lt; n$.  Then $e= e*e = (a^n)((a^{-1})^m) = a^{n-m}$. However, $a^{n-m}=e$ implies that $n$ is not the order of $a$, which is a contradiction and $n=m$.  But I realized this doesn't satisfy the condition if $a$ has infinite order. How do I prove that piece? I unintentionally and stupidly wiped my Clash of Clans game data. I went to Application Manager on my Android and clicked 'Clear data'. (I used this for fixes before and it never started a new game.)   Now, my level 60 or so base has been wiped as if was to start a new game. Have I doomed myself to starting again or is there a way in which I can retrieve my old game save? Maybe by contacting Supercell? I have a snapshot of my base. Normality test with large data set I think I am dealing with this issue   I have large data set(10k data points) that slightly diverges from normal, and I get p-value of 0. I am interested in having perhaps a more crude test that tells me if data is extremely divergent from normal, versus looking somewhat normally distributed. I am currently trying Kolmogorov-Smirnoff, and in both cases I just get p-value of 0. Any alternatives?  I also looked at this:   So, taking all this into consideration, is there any kind of test I can perform that distinguishes between data that's roughly normal, and not normally distributed at all?  I am using scipy. $x,y,z \in \mathbb R$ My attempt: Notice that if $x^2 + y^2 + z^2 \geq xyz$ and $x+y+z \geq xyz$. So : $$x^2 + y^2 + z^2 \geq x+y+z $$ But this is actually not always true, take the case when $ 0&lt;x,y,z &lt;1$ And you will see that this is not working. Maybe I’m wrong. I want to burn a Windows ISO to a USB device in Ubuntu. How do I do this?   I know how to burn a Ubuntu ISO into a USB device, but with a Windows ISO it's not the same. During Windows installation I accidentally typed an accented name for my user name and my profile name is named after it. I already renamed my user to not have an accented character, but the profile folder is an other topic.  Basically I want this because I have some applications what have a problem with the accented character.  Is there a way to rename it? I know I have to make a copy from my profile, but how can I perform a relocation itself? I wouldn't like touch any other profiles on the machine just mine. I've been writing in English for many years, but there are certain recurring issues that come up in my writing, which I can't seem to resolve permanently. Primarily I have a problem with punctuation. In my native language, commas are very commonly used. One would place a comma to separate any portion of the sentence that serves a specific grammatical role. At least, this is the case according to the rules I was taught in school. I can see when I write in English that there are extraneous commas, but I can't always figure out which ones, and why. When dependent clauses require commas, when do they allow them, and when are they definitely incorrect? Numbering a set of horizontally distributed equations Bats and rats are mammals. 1 and 2 are positive integers. Oaks and maples are trees. Carrots and cake are food.   I seek a word to describe this, the process of finding a concept that encompasses several given concepts. Is there such a word? In the bash terminal I can hit Control+Z to suspend any running process... then I can type fg to resume the process.  Is it possible to suspend a process if I only have it's PID? And if so, what command should I use?  I'm looking for something like:  suspend-process $PID_OF_PROCESS   and then to resume it with  resume-process $PID_OF_PROCESS Converting GeoPDF to vector format like CAD or shapefile? I want to convert a GeoPDF that has vectors entity in it to a vector format and preserve the real coordinates of these vectors. The GeoPDF has been exported from ArcMap and has layers in it.  I have try GDAL, but it rasterize the PDF before exporting it. Which is not good for me. Also I don't want a solution that would convert this image back to vectors, too complicated for the data I have.  Is someone aware of any tool that can do that? The resulting format can be a CAD file or a shapefile or anything that is a vector format. How to make a process invisible to other users? How could you launch a process and make it invisible to the top command? The process is started by a normal user (not root), and should not be visible to other normal users. In a  a doubt was voiced about my answer, which claims GCM to requires $2^{128}$ for a successful forgery. The doubt was that the square root needs to be taken meaning the security would be $2^{64}$.  So of course I immediately checked the relevant security theorem ():  $$\mathbf{Adv}^{\text{auth}}_{\operatorname{GCM}[\operatorname{Perm}(n),\tau]}(\mathcal A)\leq \frac{0.5(\sigma+q+q'+1)^2}{2^n}+\frac{q'(\ell_A+1)}{2^\tau}$$  with $\sigma$ being the total plaintext size in blocks, $q$ being the total number of encryption queries, $q'$ being the total number of decryption queries, $n$ being the size in bits of the underlying permutation, $\ell_A$ being maximum authenticated input length in blocks and $\tau$ being the tag size in bits.  Now clearly from this we can see that performing $2^{n/2}=2^{64}$ queries yields a strong enough advantage for a break.  Now my question is: When talking about "n-bits of security" or "needs $2^n$ operations to break", do we usually talk about "online" security, ie queries to an oracle can be done and cost $1$ or "offline" security where no oracles are available or do we need to make this decision depending on the situation?  TL;DR: Does GCM offer 64 or 128 bit security? Convert a Cannondale SM1000 (about 1991 model) to disk brakes I've got an older, about 1991, model Cannondale SM1000 mountain bike purchased new.  Would it be worth it to convert to disk brakes and if so what would be the process?