I used to be able to do things like:  X=123 cat &lt;&lt;EOF X is $X EOF   or even simpler:  X=123 echo $X   The first one still seems to work on Mac OS X after install the bash fix, however neither seem to work on my Ubuntu 14.04 instance in AWS anymore. What makes it that echo or cat no longer have access to these environment variables? Stranger still, when I pass the env vars to a NodeJS app I don't seem to have any issues:  cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; test.js console.log('X is ' + process.env.X); EOF X=123 node test.js   This seems to work in bash scripts as well:  cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; test.sh echo X is \$X EOF chmod +x test.sh X=123 ./test.sh
If I run  export TEST=foo echo $TEST   It outputs foo.  If I run  TEST=foo echo $TEST   It does not. How can I get this functionality without using export or a script?
JProgressBar in new thread JDialog Variable parameters in C# Lambda From the movies we know that Obi-Wan Kenobi delivered Luke Skywalker to Owen and Beru Lars to raise on Tatooine shortly after Luke was born at the end of RotS (Episode 3).   The next think we know is Luke running into Ben Kenobi during A New Hope.   There seems to be a hint that there was at least SOME communication between Kenobi and Lars family based on him telling Luke:     Your father wanted you to have this when you were old enough, but your uncle wouldn't allow it.   (though it's possible that was referring to Kenobi offering to leave the lightsaber to Larses at the same time he dropped off Luke)  I was wondering if any details of what transpired between Kenobi and Larses in the years between RotS and ANH were noted in any canonical works (of any canon, including EU books/games/comics/etc...)? When is it appropriate to use that as opposed to which with relative clauses? How can I use Gmail (in Chrome) as the default email handler in Windows 8?  I used to use GmailNotifier in Windows 7, but that doesn't seem to work anymore. Clicking on a mailto: link simply opens Chrome with a blank page.  I am not interested in using the Mail app built into Windows 8. How do I use sudo to redirect output to a location I don't have permission to write to? I've been given sudo access on one of our development RedHat linux boxes, and I seem to find myself quite often needing to redirect output to a location I don't normally have write access to.  The trouble is, this contrived example doesn't work:  sudo ls -hal /root/ &gt; /root/test.out   I just receive the response:  -bash: /root/test.out: Permission denied   How can I get this to work? I have a huge amount of 2D-coordinates, associated with a value, e.g.:    x   |   y   | value 27.50   52.15   12.51 61.83   13.32   57.56 36.23   21.83   41.73 40.46   85.67   25.20 ...   The data is not tabular and I Want the points between two data-points to be interpolated in some way (which way is not really clear, yet)  I want to preset the data as heatmap like this:   Is there any ready-to-use package for PSTricks or TikZ to do it? Why doesn't the Related question list show that questions are closed? How to view network traffic requested by a specific app? There are lots of discussion on how to see which app is requesting network connection. I have tried the following apps:  tcapturepacket wifi monitor connection tracker   However, none of them was useful. For example, for a short period of time, I uploaded a 30KB pcap file which can be viewed . Still I haven't find out which app is requesting connection and to where it is trying to connect.  I also tried to look at adb logcat, but didn't find useful information. Maybe something has been missed here. Any guess? Google Chrome error: Error initializing NSS without a persistent database It was working properly before, suddenly it stopped working. When I tried to open by clicking on its icon, but nothing happens.  As already here are many questions related to this, but none of them are working for me. I already checked  and .  I uninstalled Chrome by following the instructions from .  sudo apt-get purge google-chrome-stable rm ~/.config/google-chrome/ -rf   Again I installed Chrome by:  sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable   But the problem is still thesame.  When I enter google-chrome in terminal I get following error.  [12289:12323:0723/014456:ERROR:nss_util.cc(744)] Error initializing NSS with a persistent database (sql:/home/maddy/.pki/nssdb): libsoftokn3.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory [12289:12323:0723/014456:ERROR:nss_util.cc(212)] Error initializing NSS without a persistent database: NSS error code: -5925 [12289:12323:0723/014456:FATAL:nss_util.cc(214)] nss_error=-5925, os_error=0 Define functions in structs I'm sure there is a really simple explanation to this but haven't found any pointers on this forum or elsewhere. I seem to have lost the 'processing' menu from QGIS and can't figure out how/why!? Any ideas what I might have done to make this happen?  I'm running QGIS 2.8 built against GDAL 1.10 on Ubuntu 14.04. Can anyone hint me to prove:  $\forall n\in \mathbb{N}: \exists$ Fibonacci numbers $ F_{i_1},\ldots,F_{i_k}$ such that: $$\sum F_{i_k}=n$$    Note: Every Fibonacci number can appear only once. Thanks How to ignore everything in the document environment? If I'm floating in space and I turn on a flashlight, will I accelerate? Different ways to execute a shell script There are several ways to execute a script. The ones I know are: /path/to/script # using the path (absolute or relative) . script        # using the . (dot) source script   # using the `source` command  Are there any other way? What are the differences between them? Are there situations that I must use one and not another? "Where will you go" vs. "Where you will go" Which sentence is correct between these?      Where will you go?     Where you will go? Installing grub2 in efi-mode in usb flash drive I've two different OS, which one is ubuntu. I'm using a PC, NOT a Mac. I use Chimera bootloader that don't find Ubuntu. So, i'd like to install grub 2 in EFI-mode on flash-drive USB. In this way, i can load Ubuntu only if the usb flash-drive is connected.  I followed this guide  replacing "/dev/sda" in  sudo efibootmgr --create --gpt --disk /dev/sda --part 1 --write-signature --label "GRUB2" --loader "\\EFI\\grub\\grub.efi"   with the usb-pen directory. Then, i've copied the grub.cfg file that exists in Ubuntu partition.Result? Grub2 loads, but when i select the menu entries, grub2 doesn't find any command, or disks. How can i fix this problem?  P.S. Here, there are the photo of the error(when i select ubuntu entry in grub2), the usb-drive's contents and the grub.cfg file Regression with only categorical variables Is it possible to conduct a regression if all dependent and independent variables are categorical variables? No reputation for editing questions?