When the point estimator is relatively small numbers, a confidence interval is likely to contain zero, be fairly wide and include both positive and negative values.  Basically, when CI contains zero we would say that we cannot reject null hypothesis, but is there another conclusions that we can get from CI? In that case what additional information (interpretation) can provide us the confidence interval?
It seems that through various related questions here, there is consensus that the "95%" part of what we call a "95% confidence interval" refers to the fact that if we were to exactly replicate our sampling and CI-computation procedures  many times, 95% of thusly computed CIs would contain the population mean. It also seems to be the consensus that this definition does not permit one to conclude from a single 95%CI that there is a 95% chance that the mean falls somewhere within the CI. However, I don't understand how the former doesn't imply the latter insofar as, having imagined many CIs 95% of which contain the population mean, shouldn't our uncertainty (with regards to whether our actually-computed CI contains the population mean or not) force us to use the base-rate of the imagined cases (95%) as our estimate of the probability that our actual case contains the CI?   I've seen posts argue along the lines of "the actually-computed CI either contains the population mean or it doesn't, so its probability is either 1 or 0", but this seems to imply a strange definition of probability that is dependent on unknown states (i.e. a friend flips fair coin, hides the result, and I am disallowed from saying there is a 50% chance that it's heads).  Surely I'm wrong, but I don't see where my logic has gone awry...
Editing PostGIS/GeoServer data via web? I've got PostGIS installed and would like to create a web application to do some simple edits:   Draw manually (over a Basemap) points, lines and polylines, using snapping  points (points, end of lines, intersections, center of circles)  Delete points, lines and polylines  Rotate a line or group of lines around a point  Move a line or group of lines with a base point  Move polylines and points (manually and to a point given by the coordinates) Edit position of vertices of polylines and lines (manually and to a point given by the coordinates)  Create buffers around points, lines and polylines    Which is the best way to do this via web? Is there any already-built JavaScript library? Determining ethnicity according to ancestry? My sister, cousins, and other relatives speculate that my mom's grandmother was Jewish (for various reasons). I've heard people say at times things like, for example, "I'm 50% German" or "I'm 25% Swedish." This has to do with their ancestry. But, how exactly is this calculated? Say for example that my mother's paternal grandmother was indeed 100% Jewish, what would that make me and my siblings, and how is it calculated? Many other solutions of the Cauchy's Functional Equation By reading the  on the Wiki,  it is said that      On the other hand, if no further conditions are imposed on f, then (assuming the axiom of choice) there are infinitely many other functions that satisfy the equation. This was proved in 1905 by Georg Hamel using Hamel bases. Such functions are sometimes called Hamel functions.   Could anyone give a more explicit explanation of these many other solutions?   Besides the trivial solution of the form $f(x)=C x$, where $C$ is a constant, and the solution above constructed by the Hamel Basis, are there any more solutions existing? How to undelete notes on iPhone "Notes" app? iPhone has a default "Notes" app which allows us to store notes. Stored notes can be deleted by hitting the "Delete Note" button:    How do we recover a note that is accidentally deleted?  Is there anyway to undo the delete? Why is my membership length only "Six months"? I was viewing the  and I noticed that I've apparently only had my account for six months, which is news to me... I opened my first site account here in February of 2014.  My account is much older than this, what's causing this bug?  To add some detail... On the per-site list, it does line up the &quot;member for X&quot; text with my actual membership time on that site. For example, when I look at the Meta Stack Exchange leaderboard, it shows me as a member for 2 years, 10 months. This is expected.  Update. With some work, today, I've managed to exceed my Interpersonal Skills hat count of with my Meta Stack Exchange hat count. This has changed my account age to match my MSE account age...  Still not reflective of my actual age... but better. Is a particular sequence required for detailed replicator requests?    To elaborate, is there a reason Captain Picard orders his tea, "Tea. Earl Grey. Hot." aka "Noun. Descriptor. Descriptor." and not "Descriptor. Descriptor. Noun." or "Descriptor. Noun. Descriptor." (in the event he forgot a descriptor)?  Would ordering it as "Hot. Earl Grey. Tea." or even the non-statement "Hot Earl Grey tea." produce a warm (hot), smoky (gray-ish) gas with the odor of tea?  I assume his ordering sequence is an acquired background affectation, but I'd like confirmation.  Note: I'm using "descriptor" instead of "adjective" to avoid minutia/debate about classification. I have 10 years of daily returns data for 28 different currencies. I wish to extract the first principal component, but rather than operate PCA on the whole 10 years, I want to rollapply a 2 year window, because the currencies' behaviours evolve and so I wish to reflect this. However I have a major problem, that is that both the princomp() and prcomp() functions will often jump from positive to negative loadings in adjacent PCA analyses (ie 1 day apart). Have a look at the loading chart for the EUR currency:    Clearly I can't use this because adjacent loadings will jump from positive to negative, so my series which uses them will be erroneous. Now take a look at the absolute value of the EUR currency loading:    The problem is of course that I still cannot use this because you can see from the top chart that the loading does go from negative to positive and back at times, a characteristic which I need to preserve.   Is there any way I can get around this problem? Can I force the eigenvector orientation to always be the same in adjacent PCAs?   By the way this problem also occurs with the FactoMineR PCA() function. The code for the rollapply is here:  rollapply(retmat, windowl, function(x) summary(princomp(x))$loadings[, 1], by.column = FALSE, align = "right") -&gt; princomproll How do I install OpenStack? How do I install ? Is there an easier way other than official installation instructions? Secure hash and salt for PHP passwords what is this() ? can it have multiple parameters? How to find all positive integers $n$ such that $(n-1)!+1$ can be written as $n^k$ for some positive integer $k$? How many $6$-integer subsets of $\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 20\}$ have no consecutive integers? I have to determine how many six-integer subsets of $\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 20\}$ are possible if no two consecutive integers are in a set. How can I disable the Windows key from opening the Activities overview? How can I disable the Windows key (or Super) from showing the GNOME Shell Activities overlay? Caption on tabular environment I have got codes like the following (generated by Kile). How can I add a caption. I guess I should have used the table environment. Is there any solution now?  \newcommand{\mc}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{rccll}      &amp;   &amp; \mc{3}{c}{Colin}\\      &amp;   &amp; a &amp; \mc{1}{c}{b} &amp; \mc{1}{c}{c}\\\cline{3-5} Rose &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{A} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(1,2)} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(2,5)} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(4,4)}\\\cline{3-5}      &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{B} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(7,4)} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(3,5)} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(0,6)}\\\cline{3-5} \end{tabular} \end{center} What does the "yield" keyword do? In a map I'm making the player has to survive while locked in a maze. To stop them from breaking out, they will be in adventure mode. However, I still want them to be able to craft items and use them with specified blocks. I have tried several methods already but they all have a flaw.  One method is to have a scoreboard objective called item and giving certain item entities a specific score using something like:  /scoreboard players set @e[type=Item] item 1 {Item:{id:"minecraft:sapling"}}   Then it is possible to select these items with:  /entitydata @e[type=Item,score_item=1,score_item_min=1] {Item:{tag:{CanPlaceOn:["dirt"],HideFlags:24}}}   This works but it requires the item to be dropped, which isn't a problem for saplings, but for tools and other craftable items, it becomes a hassle.  To fix this, I'm currently clearing tools without damage and giving the player a slightly damaged tool in return:  /clear @a minecraft:stone_axe 0 1   /give @a minecraft:stone_axe 1 1 {CanDestroy:["log","log2","leaves","leaves2"],HideFlags:24}   This doesn't work for items without damage values (e.g. torches), but I don't mind these having to be dropped as there aren't too many of these. However, there is another problem. In the nether, the player will have access to an enchantment table and an anvil. This means they can repair enchanted tools, which will cause them to be cleared and replaced with unenchanted ones as soon as they go back to the overworld.  I also thought about using a stat.craftItem scoreboard objective and giving them the usable item if they craft it. However, this would result in the player having a duplicate of every item they crafted, as I think it is impossible to select an item without NBT-data in the /clear command.  Is there any way to make this work? And if not, would it be better to have the player drop all crafted items or have duplicates of them all? How precisely do I need to post close to 7:00 (somewhere) to get hero of time? In a ring $(A,+, \cdot)$ if $aba = a$ then $bab = b$ and all non zero elements in $A$ are invertible. I have the following code: info = new System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo(&quot;TheProgram.exe&quot;, String.Join(&quot; &quot;, args)); info.CreateNoWindow = true; info.WindowStyle = System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden; info.RedirectStandardOutput = true; info.UseShellExecute = false; System.Diagnostics.Process p = System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(info); p.WaitForExit(); Console.WriteLine(p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd()); //need the StandardOutput contents  I know that the output from the process I am starting is around 7MB long. Running it in the Windows console works fine. Unfortunately programmatically this hangs indefinitely at WaitForExit. Note also this code does NOT hang for smaller outputs (like 3KB). Is it possible that the internal StandardOutput in ProcessStartInfo can't buffer 7MB? If so, what should I do instead? If not, what am I doing wrong? I'm using soul to letterspace headings in a Hungarian document and compiling it with lualatex.  For some reason soul drops some of the accented letters at the end of a word, but not all. In the example below, only ő and ű are affected:  \documentclass{minimal} \usepackage{fontspec} \setmainfont[Ligatures = TeX]{TeX Gyre Pagella} \usepackage{soul} \begin{document} \noindent \so{áll llá ÁLL LLÁ}\\ \so{íll llí ÍLL LLÍ}\\ \so{űll llű ŰLL LLŰ}\\ \so{őll llő ŐLL LLŐ}\\ \so{üll llü ÜLL LLÜ}\\ \so{öll llö ÖLL LLÖ}\\ \so{úll llú ÚLL LLÚ}\\ \so{óll lló ÓLL LLÓ}\\ \so{éll llé ÉLL LLÉ} \end{document}