when I open up a video on YouTube or play something on Rhythmbox. The YouTube video never loads, and the music on Rhythmbox starts skipping like a minute every second.  I tried sudo killall pulseaudio then running pulseaudio logged in as root. I get the below error messages after a little bit:  root@aa-ul:~$ pulseaudio W: [pulseaudio] main.c: This program is not intended to be run as root (unless --system is specified). W: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Your kernel driver is broken: it reports a volume range from 0 to 0 which makes no sense. W: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Your kernel driver is broken: it reports a volume range from 0 to 0 which makes no sense.   Here's a link to the  that I killed when it took a while.  Output of aplay -l:  aa@aa-ul:~$ aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: MID [HDA Intel MID], device 0: ALC269 Analog [ALC269 Analog]   Subdevices: 1/1   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 2: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]   Subdevices: 1/1   Subdevice #0: subdevice #0   How can I get audio to work? I tried apt-get install --reinstall pulseaudio but it didn't work.  I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit over 3.13.0-34-generic, and the system is up-to-date.  Here's the output of an ALSA information script that contains the output of some useful commands:
I was trying to fix my audio problems using suggestions from . One of the comments suggested I execute this and only this:     killall pulseaudio   So I did, and I restarted my computer just in case, but all it did was remove my soundcard and I still couldn't hear anything. Now I don't know how to get my soundcard back.  Please note that I am extremely inexperienced when it comes to Ubuntu.
Why isn't The Flash unstoppable? I've recently gotten into The Flash TV show, and so I've been reading about his powers. What I don't understand is why his typical rogues pose a threat - it seems like there should be very little limit to his powers.  He can go back in time, so if he loses a battle or the bad guys do something, he can go back and preempt it. In the new 52, he can all but predict the immediate future, so he can see bad things that are going to happen and stop them. He can phase matter through matter, or let matter pass through him. This means he is all but immune to weapons fire.  I haven't read enough of the old comics so I don't the know challenges he's had. For a guy who can't be attacked, can time-travel and can race around the globe several times in a minute, I can't imagine there is much that could pose a threat. $X$,$Y$,$Z$ mutually independent implies $X+Y$ independent of $Z$ Supposing $X$, $Y$ and $Z$ and mutually independent real random variables, how can we prove that $X+Y$ and $Z$ are independent from the definition? If not from the definition, using $\sigma$-algebras?  I know that if $X$ and $Y$ are not independent this doesn't work so I know I have to make use of their independence in my proof but I can't figure out how. And it means that if I write the following, I'm making a mistake, and I can't find it:  $$\mathbb{P}(X+Y \leq k,Z \leq l)=\int_{\mathbb{R}} \mathbb{P}(X=x,Y \leq k-x, Z \leq l) dx=\int_{\mathbb{R}} \mathbb{P}(X=x,Y \leq k-x) \mathbb{P}(Z \leq l) dx = \mathbb{P}(Z \leq l)\int_{\mathbb{R}} \mathbb{P}(X=x,Y \leq k-x)dx= \mathbb{P}(Z \leq l) \mathbb{P}(X+Y \leq k) $$  PS: I have seen the proof here but it much more advanced stuff, kind of a sledgehammer... Proving a function is bounded Hi i was wondering if  anyone could help me with my revision This is a question of a past paper i'm stuck on.  Let $$f:[a,b]\to \Re$$ be Riemann intergrable. Part (a) is to prove that f is bounded and part (b) is to Give an example of a bounded function f that is not Riemann integrable  my attempt for part (a) is since f is Riemann intergrable then it is continuous on [a,b] which means that it must also be bounded? or is this incorrect i find this topic rather difficult  For part (b) i dont really have a clue i cant recall any function like the one they ask for Use central limit to solve a problem I am asked to solve the following question using central limit theorem. In an election between two candidates, A and B, one million individuals cast theirvote. Among these, 2000 know candidate A from her election campaign and vote unanimously for her.The remaining 998000 voters are undecided and make their decision independently of each other byflipping a fair coin.Approximate the probability pA that candidate A wins up to 3 significant figures.  It's easy to solve directly. PA = $\frac{0.5(10000-2000)+2000}{10000}$ = 0.501. However, I am quite confused about how to solve this problem by central limit theorem. How does space affect the human body (no space suit, no space craft) How does "outer space" affect the human body? Some movies show it as the body exploding, imploding or even freezing solid.   I know space is essentially a vacuum with 0 pressure and the dispersion of energy makes it very cold. So are the predictions above accurate? What is the meaning of "would", and how to use it? What is the meaning of would, and which tense is it used in the following sentences?  For example,   That would be Ram calling. I'll answer it. (the meaning of would and which tense is used) The guy on the phone had southern accent. That would be Tom. (the meaning of would and which tense is used) “We saw a police helicopter overhead yesterday morning.” “Really? They would have been looking for those bank robbers.” (the meaning of would and which tense is used) You would have to say/do that. (Why is would used here? What happens to the meaning if would is removed?) John said he didn't steal any money. Well, he would, wouldn't he ? (Why is would used here?)   Why is would used in sentences 1, 2, and 3 to mean "presumption" instead of using other modals, such as: must and should? Does the meaning change if used others?   Can we use will, must, should and could in the place of would, without changing the meaning of sentences?   What kind of meanings would it make if they (will, must, should, and could) are used in the place of would?     I'd be grateful if you could answer me. Stack Overflow in ES, PT, RU, JP have mixed-language descriptions Notebook computer battery says: plugged in but not charging with no further information. Is the battery bad already? My 1.5 year old Dell Studio 15 notebook computer has a battery and I keep it attached to the notebook but 98% of the time I just plug in the power adapter.  Lately when I unplugged the power adapter, the battery was only good for 10 minutes, and a few days ago, when I unplugged the power adapter, the computer simply turned off.  When clicking on the battery icon on Win 7, it says "Plugged in, not charging":    is the battery dead?  Or can Windows 7 have any option to not charge the battery?  It is a Dell Studio 15, I wonder if in such case, it looks like it can be a manufacture's defect, would Dell replace the battery? (if there was a recall, then they probably would, i think).  The notebook is 1.5 year old. Usage of that: There are many reasons [that] I am confident [that] I will excel at this job I always find it hard to see when it's best to use &quot;that&quot;. Which of these sounds best?  There are many reasons I am confident I will excel at this job. There are many reasons that I am confident I will excel at this job. There are many reasons I am confident that I will excel at this job. There are many reasons that I am confident that I will excel at this job.  Are there ways of looking at this that I can apply elsewhere? Is there a completely different formulation that works better? Moment generating function of the natural sufficient statistics of Gamma distribution I have $X_1,X_2 ... X_n$ Gamma-distributed r.v with density:    First of all I showed, that Gamma distribution belongs to exponential family and can be represented in form     I found, that for Gamma distribution $B(\theta) = log(\theta)$ where $\theta$ is $\alpha/\beta$  Then we know, that moment generating function of the random variable $T(X)$ is given by $$M(t)=\exp\{B(\theta+t)-B(\theta)\}$$  Natural sufficient statistics for Gamma distribution is:    But I didn't understand what should I do next? Because Natural sufficient statistics is two dimensional it confuses me:  $M(T) = exp[log(\theta + T) - log(\theta)]$  and $T = [s,t]^\intercal$ If you know what a number mod two different primes is (3 and 2) in this case, how can you tell what the mod is of the two products? What happened to the Dursleys? As last seen, the Dursleys are forced to move by the ministry of magic, put into protective custody by the ministry. However, the ministry fell only a few weeks later, and there was evidence that it couldn't be trusted, even then. Are they still alive, and if so, how did they survive the purge from the ministry? Intuitive explanation of entropy I have bumped many times into entropy, but it has never been clear for me why we use this formula:  If $X$ is random variable then its entropy is:  $$H(X) = -\displaystyle\sum_{x} p(x)\log p(x).$$  Why are we using this formula? Where did this formula come from? I'm looking for the intuition. Is it because this function just happens to have some good analytical and practical properties? Is it just because it works? Where did Shannon get this from? Did he sit under a tree and entropy fell to his head like the apple did for Newton? How do you interpret this quantity in the real physical world? Is it possible to scale up an image to increase the the pixel density? Prove $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$ is not isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_4$ In trying to understand why there are two sets of groups of order 4.  I know that there exists the Vierergruppe of $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$ and the group $\mathbb{Z}_4$ but I do not understand why they are not isomorphic Can I successfully bake previously-frozen bread dough? I prefer my bread freshly baked (who doesn't?), but my mixer prefers kneading two loaves at a time to just kneading one. I have tried to freeze the second loaf before baking it, but when I thaw it, it does not rise well before baking. I've tried thawing it entirely in the refrigerator and then letting it rise on the counter, but that did not seem to work. Does anyone have a good technique or suggestion for this? What color can lightsabers be? I just saw the fan film  and the Force-sensitive bounty-hunter, Korbain Thor, wielded an ochre lightsaber (or at least that's what  described it as).   I'm just wondering if ochre is a canon color for a lightsaber? Schwarz's Lemma, fixed points question This is from an old qualifying examination question.  If f is holomorphic in the unit disk $D$ and $|f(z)|&lt;1$ for all $z\in D$. Suppose also that $f$ has two distinct fixed points in $D$ then $f(z)=z$ for every $z\in D$  I know that I have to use the Schwarz's lemma and may be make use of Möbius transformations. I tried setting $g(z)=\phi_a\circ f\circ \phi_{-a}$. But that does not seem to work because I don't see why $|g(z)|=|z|$ for some non zero $z$.   Any helpful hints are greatly appreciated.  Edit: Of course the $a$ above is one of the fixed points. bash: ./program: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error Why "be king", not "be a king"? I've heard people say "be king" (as in "I can't wait to be king") in movies and TV. Why don't they say "be a king"? Which is correct?