I bought some chicken and I accidentally forgot to put it away and I put it in the fridge in the morning and I want chicken can I like boil it and the bacteria will boil away or what?
If cooking meat kills bacteria, and bacteria are responsible for problems with eating meat which has been left out, then why is it dangerous to eat meat which has been left out at room temperature and then thoroughly cooked?   mentions that "Even if the bacteria is dead, toxins can remain if the food was out too long, causing problems".  However, there's no further detail given.  Are these toxins as dangerous as the bacteria themselves?  How long does meat have to be left out to accumulate a dangerous level of toxins and thus be dangerous even if thoroughly cooked?  Are these toxins the reason for the usual guideline of keeping meat unrefrigerated for a maximum of 2 hours?  update  The revelation, courtesy of Aaronut, that e. coli is actually dangerous because of its toxins — which cannot be denatured at temperatures which will leave meat in an edible state — has pretty much answered this question.  And also given me further incentive to stop eating meat altogether :)  Our discussion (see the comments on hobodave's answer) has progressed into the realm of microbiology.  Some highlights from my ongoing research:  .  These seem to be the reason for the importance of keeping meat at a high temperature for a period of time.  .  This also provides fascinating insight into how bacteria evolved immunity to antibiotics.  Fungi.
Distribution of the digits of Pi Can Selenium interact with an existing browser session? WordPress twenty eleven sidebar on Pages I am using 2011 theme, any how I managed to get sidebar on single.php pages by installing child theme,  But now I want sidebar on pages,  How do I get it? Is it possible to 'fly to location' in Leaflet in the same way as  example? Edit Mode Transparent Objects Cycles settings missing This particular blend file is messed up. I'm not sure what I did or pressed. If I open a new blend file everything works fine but in this one the materials tab is missing and the render properties is also missing some things. I don't want to start over my project. I have tried a day and a half to figure this out. What ticket reservation do I need for a Schengen visa? I have a visa appointment this Friday 19 at the Italian Consulate in Philadelphia and I have a question about the flight reservation requirement: According to the Visa requirements "Confirmed flight reservation for a round trip showing complete itinerary."  Does this mean I have to reserve the tickets, pay and print the itinerary?  In this case if my visa gets denied then I will lose the money I paid or can I just show the planned itinerary (written not booked)? in this case the travel agency would not give me the Travel Insurance coverage until I book and pay for the reservation.   I am a US green card holder and applying from North Carolina. How can I calculate the angle and proper turn direction between two 2D vectors? I am working on some movement AI where there are no obstacles and movement is restricted to the XY plane. I am calculating two vectors, v, the facing direction of ship 1, and w, the vector pointing from the position of ship 1 to ship 2.  I am then calculating the angle between these two vectors using the formula  arccos((v · w) / (|v| · |w|))   The problem I'm having is that arccos only returns values between 0° and 180°.  This makes it impossible to determine whether I should turn left or right to face the other ship.  Is there a better way to do this? Why use static_cast(x) instead of (int)x? I've heard that the static_cast function should be preferred to C-style or simple function-style casting.  Is this true?  Why? How to prevent Google from finding my admin index page? This is something that I always find a bit hard to explain to others:  Why do XML namespaces exist?  When should we use them and when should we not? What are the common pitfalls when working with namespaces in XML?   Also, how do they relate to XML schemas? Should XSD schemas always be associated with a namespace? I have a geotiff raster image that has a coordinate system with longitudes from 0 to 360. The horizontal center of the image is 180 longitude. See image below:    I want to transform it to EPSG:4326 SRS with -180 180 longtitude range.  And I want the center of the image to be at Greenwich meridian (0). I guess this srs is very widely used. I expect the result look like this:    So I use a gdalwarp command to reproject:  gdalwarp -s_srs '+proj=latlong +datum=WGS84 +pm=180dW' -t_srs EPSG:4326 test_col.tif test_4326.tif   But I only get a tiff with bigger dimensions (more pixels) and EPSG:4326 metadata. The image itself looks the same, as the initial one. But I expect it to swap the hemispheres.  How do I gdalwarp an image to be strictly -180 180 EPSG:4326 with the center in 0 longitude?  This is gdalinfo of my initial file:  Origin = (-0.102272598067084,89.946211604095552) Pixel Size = (0.204545196134167,-0.204423208191126) Metadata:   AREA_OR_POINT=Area Image Structure Metadata:   INTERLEAVE=BAND Corner Coordinates: Upper Left  (  -0.1022726,  89.9462116) (  0d 6' 8.18"W, 89d56'46.36"N) Lower Left  (  -0.1022726, -89.9462116) (  0d 6' 8.18"W, 89d56'46.36"S) Upper Right (     359.897,      89.946) (359d53'50.18"E, 89d56'46.36"N) Lower Right (     359.897,     -89.946) (359d53'50.18"E, 89d56'46.36"S) Center      ( 179.8975000,  -0.0000000) (179d53'51.00"E,  0d 0' 0.00"S)   This is gdalinfo after gdalwarp     Origin = (-180.102727401932952,89.946211604095552) Pixel Size = (0.091397622896436,-0.091420837939082) Metadata:   AREA_OR_POINT=Area Image Structure Metadata:   INTERLEAVE=PIXEL Corner Coordinates: Upper Left  (-180.1027274,  89.9462116) (180d 6' 9.82"W, 89d56'46.36"N) Lower Left  (-180.1027274, -89.9699975) (180d 6' 9.82"W, 89d58'11.99"S) Upper Right ( 179.8211116,  89.9462116) (179d49'16.00"E, 89d56'46.36"N) Lower Right ( 179.8211116, -89.9699975) (179d49'16.00"E, 89d58'11.99"S) Center      (  -0.1408079,  -0.0118929) (  0d 8'26.91"W,  0d 0'42.81"S) Is there a case where including the same header twice is actually helpful? I am creating an animated sprite list in Adobe Illustrator. I finished creating the sprites and used the Horizontal/Vertical Distribute Center commands to distribute the objects equally in some area.  But, if the objects are spread too far apart, the Distribute Center tool leaves, albeit equal, much distance between the objects. The opposite is true: if the objects are too close then distributing them will just overlap them.  My question is, is there any tool that just puts objects side by side?  I imagine that this tool would work if the objects aren't even equal in size.   I have viewed  and answer but it is not what I need. ODBC connection to Access database in 64-bit Windows Make a file pointer read/write to an in-memory location I'm trying to set an RSA key as an environment variable which, as a text file, contains newline characters.  Whenever I attempt to read from the file and pass it into an environment variable, it will just stop at the newline character on the first line. How can I prevent this? I have a valid B1/B2 US visa expiring about a year from now. The passport it's in expired a few years ago, and I recently got a new one.   The passport number does not match, but the national ID number, mentioned in both, does (it used to be the same as your national ID, but not anymore)  Can I travel to the US carrying both passports? Or is it asking for trouble? (I read a few years ago that it was possible, but that might have changed)  Should I just get a new visa to avoid potential complications? How to calculate square root or cube root? I was reading Richard Feynman biography when I read that one time he was able to calculate the  cube root of large number in his brain by just using simple facts of everyday life. So my question is there a way to calculate square root or cube root by using just a pen a paper, I mean a systematic way not by trial and error. Proving that if $f: \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C} $ is a continuous function with $f^2, f^3$ analytic, then $f$ is also analytic Let $f: \mathbb{C} \to  \mathbb{C}$ be a continuous function such that $f^2$ and $f^3$ are both analytic. Prove that $f$ is also analytic.   Some ideas: At $z_0$ where $f^2$ is not $0$ , then $f^3$ and $f^2$ are analytic so $f = \frac{f^3}{f^2}$ is analytic at $z_0$ but at $z_0$ where $f^2$ is $0$, I'm not able to show that $f$ is analytic.