I've been watching The Original Series and on any occasion when Mr Spock has some health issues McCoy seems either baffled or unable to help him without taking risks or being completely unable to predict Spock's reactions to whatever treatment he can provide.  I wonder why the Enterprise  would have a chief medical officer who doesn't understand the biology of a member of the crew. Shouldn't all doctors aboard be perfectly capable of treating all of their patients regardless of their biology?  Is that mentioned at any point in the series later? Is this common with other medical officers in other series?
In  when Ambassador Sarek became critically ill, why didn't they send him home or send for a Vulcan medical expert? Since they were hosting many prominent political figures from many races, it seems strange that they did not have much medical support for a race so common as Vulcans (who are part of the Federation).
Experimental Fractional scaling makes fonts dirty in Ubuntu 17.10 I updated to 17.10 from 17.04.   I activated the fractional scaling by running the following command.   gsettings set org.gnome.mutter experimental-features "['scale-monitor-framebuffer']"   Then, I changed 125% scale. The scale was changed, but the fonts and icons are so dirty.    The launcher icon and font in Google Chrome and other application except the system setting are dirty.  How can I resolve this problem?  For some reason, font in the system setting is not dirty... Let $F$ be a field and $F[x]$ a polynomial ring. Let $p(x)$ be an irreducible polynomial.  Show that $\gcd(p(x),q(x)) = 1\Longrightarrow \exists r(x),s(x)$ such that $r(x)p(x)+s(x)q(x) = 1$.  I know the proof for Bezout's identity for , but this proof uses the notion of absolute value, which cannot be applied to a polynomial ring.   I am thinking about a way to prove the statement: Use the Euclidean algorithm to compute $\gcd(p(x),q(x))$ and show that the result is $1$, and somehow go backwards to obtain $r(x)p(x)+s(x)q(x) = 1$, but it is a bit messy, and I'm not yet able to see it completely.  Please offer some help. If you have some other methods, that would be great, too. How to downgrade a package via apt-get? How can I downgrade a package to an older version via apt-get?  Other tools are also acceptable but apt-get is preferred. Random point uniform on a sphere Usage of 'shall' in questions Let's say I want to arrange a lesson with my coach and I say:  Shall we have a lesson on Monday?  I understand the use of 'shall' in American English is considered to be formal, whereas this is not the case in British English. I would like to understand the different connotations (is it formal? is it a request for confirmation? is it a suggestion?) that the following questions have:  A. Shall we have a lesson on Monday? B. Can we have a lesson on Monday? C. Should we have a lesson on Monday? D. Could we have a lesson on Monday? E. Are we having a lesson on Monday? F. Will we have a lesson on Monday? G. Are we going to have a lesson on Monday? NOT IN vs NOT EXISTS What made us think that Earth moves around the Sun? Voting on Meta sites generally express agreement and disagreement with a proposal, unlike on the Q&amp;A sites where they indicate useful/good vs. non-useful/bad content.  It seems to me that a down-vote on Meta Stack Exchange should not carry a -1 rep penalty, which only discourages down-voting. With this discouragement, questions on Meta SE will be biased towards agreement, since for every up-voter, there may be several in disagreement who don't want to lose the rep for down-voting.  Can the penalty for down-voting on Meta SE be removed? 3 input XNOR gate operation AppleScript to read all notifications in the Notification Center OSX 10.10 Yosemite It seems like the following AppleScript is no longer working in the latest version of the OS X 10.10 (Yosemite): on run     tell application &quot;System Events&quot;         tell process &quot;Notification Center&quot;             set theseWindows to every window             display notification (count of theseWindows)         end tell     end tell end run  This were supposed to get all notifications listed in the Notification Center. However, the count attribute always returns 0. Does anyone know how to retrieve all notifications in the Notification Center different than the script above? How do you persuade an organization to value UX? UX is such an underrated field in a lot of industries. I wonder how companies consider employing UX designers and even heavily valuing their suggestions. Some big companies happen to see the light and invest in UX, and that keeps them on top of others. However, UX people rarely make it to the top management. In Don Norman's talk (  ), out of so many UX people (I don't know exactly), only two were vice presidents. I assume that there are even less influential UX designers in developing countries, and that's what makes it even harder for people like me. In the same talk, Don Norman suggested that UX designers should approach their executives like marketing people, showing how investing in something will affect profit. Perhaps, it's the best thing to do but it has to be mastered for it to be executed successfully.   I'm a fresh grad and am looking for a job. I think, working for a company with a more conventional job description would be the way to go. When I'm already influential enough, I'll go up to the executives and show them how UX will improve sales (in whatever industry it is. I just want to do UX)  Do you do UX as consultants or are you employed? How do you persuade companies to invest in UX? Are you lucky enough to be employed by people who you didn't have to persuade to value UX? What is the smallest viable reproducing population, such as in a human population. By viable I mean a population which keeps genetic defects low (enough).  A very strongly related question: what is the expected number of generations a given population can survive? The  spell says:     The spell captures some of the incoming energy, lessening its effect on you and storing it for your next melee attack. You have resistance to the triggering damage type until the start of your next turn. Also, the fist time you hit with a melee attack on your next turn, the target takes an extra 1d6 damage of the triggering type, and the spell ends.   The  cantrip says:     Lightning springs from your hand to deliver a shock to a creature you try to touch. Make a melee spell attack against the target. You have advantage on the attack roll if the target is wearing armor made of metal. On a hit, the target takes 1d8 lightning damage, and it can’t take reactions until the start of its next turn.   If I absorb fire damage with absorb elements, would I be able to add an extra 1d6 fire damage to my next shocking grasp attack? How do you effectively study physics? How does one read a physics book instead or just staring at it for hours?   (Apologies in advance if the question is ill-posed or too subjective in its current form to meet the requirements of the FAQ; I'd certainly appreciate any suggestions for its modification if need be.) Earlier today my 2009 iMac emitted I/O errors trying to copy files. So I ran disk utility, verify disk to see if anything was amiss. It was. But as it's my startup disk I couldn't repair it, so I tried safe mode. Safe mode worked the very first time, but when I rebooted it shows the progress bar filling up, before halting. Every time I turn it on now, the same progress bar then crash happens. Booting in verbose mode reveals fsck is failing with signal 8.  Using single-user mode, as that's as far as I'm aware the only way I can get any access to the system, I've been running fsck_hfs. However, it always fails. Below is the output from fsck_hfs -d /dev/disk0s2.  ** /dev/rdisk0s2         Using cacheBlockSize=32K cacheTotalBlock=65536 cacheSize=2097152K. ** Root file system    Executing fsck_hfs (version diskdev_cmds-491.6~3). ** Verifying volume when it is mounted with write access. ** Checking Journaled HFT Plus volume. ** Checking extents overflow file. ** Checking catalog file.    Missing thread record (id = 9931104)    Missing thread record (id = 16434146)    Missing thread record (id = 19370458) disk0s2: I/O error hfs_swap_BTNode: offsets 10 and 11 out of order (0x0000, 0x0000)    Invalid node structure (4, 115897) ** The volume Macintosh HD could not be verified completely.         volume check failed with error 7         volume type is pure HFS+         primary MDB is at block 0 0x00         alternate MDB is at block 0 0x00         primary VHB is at block 2 0x02         alternate VHB is at block 1952491198 0x74622d5e         sector size = 512 0x200         VolumeObject flags = 0x07         total sectors for volume = 1952591200 0x74622d60         total sectors for embedded volume = 0 0x00   I absolutely need to be able to boot to use it as an external monitor. How to edit files in a terminal with nano? I'm really interested in quantum theory and would like to learn all that I can about it. I've followed a few tutorials and read a few books but none satisfied me completely. I'm looking for introductions for beginners which do not depend heavily on linear algebra or calculus, or which provide a soft introduction for the requisite mathematics as they go along.  What are good introductory guides to QM along these lines? Why did I just get the Announcer Badge and the Booster badge? Today I got both the Announcer badge and the Booster badge for  that I asked last year.   I don't remember ever sharing a link to it, and it seems odd to me that I would get both badges in one day, implying that there were at least 276 people who viewed it today from a link I don't remember ever sharing.  What's going on? Apt-get update with an @ in password error I want to update ubuntu 11.04 throught apt-get. So I added the following lines in apt.conf  export http_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.net:port/ export ftp_proxy=http://username:password@proxyserver.netport/  export http_proxy=http://deepak:Deepak@123@12.1.1.1:3128   My question is: how do I insert special characters to a username or password?  For instance: my password for proxy is Deepak@123 and it is getting an error. My problem is how to somehow relate the the gcd and congruence. I know that $(a,b) = ax + by$. I also know that $a \equiv b \pmod n$ means $n\mid a-b$. Any hints?  Thanks!