How to make a white number inside a black circle (the picture below)? I want to change numbers inside the black circle, of course.  I use Share LaTeX. I have read some articles here but anyone are not what I would like to get. I would like to get this  (the picture below) - the sixth answer.   Thanks for help.
This question led to a new package:      I'm trying to make some good-looking numbers in a circle, using the simple command:  \textcircled{1}   However, the circle is misaligned vertically with the number, and look a bit sloppy:    Any suggestions how can I adjust the vertical alignment so that the numbers look more centered w.r.t to the circles? Or, if that's not an option, what other ways to achieve the same results are possible?  I will use those only for numbers, and in very few places, so manual adjustment per glyph is an option.  I'm using pdfLaTeX with Computer Modern, if that matters.
I see this often in the build scripts of projects that use autotools (autoconf, automake).  When somebody wants to check the value of a shell variable, they frequently use this idiom:  if test "x$SHELL_VAR" = "xyes"; then ...   What is the advantage to this over simply checking the value like this:  if test $SHELL_VAR = "yes"; then ...   I figure there must be some reason that I see this so often, but I can't figure out what it is. Is there any analytics information that moderators can access for individual questions? Why (and how) did using cat on binary files mess up the terminal? I have just created a Minecraft 1.13.1 server and was wondering if there was any way to give everyone the teleport command even if they are not op. If not, is there a way that I could make them op but only have access to the teleport command? Related:   This is a subtly different question because I'm not asking whether there's a historical relationship between the two lineages.  I am asking this question because answers to these questions:      are making assumptions about the appearance of Padme while pregnant, the period of gestation, and appearance of newborn babies.  All of these presuppose that the "humans" of the Star Wars Galaxy are 100% biologically equivalent to us.   In fact, as far as I know, we don't actually know any of those facts from canon.   (Do we?)   All we know is that "human" children and adults look like us.  So, do we have any canon or out-of-universe commentary that tells us that Star Wars humans and Earth humans are biologically equivalent?  Another way to put this would be  If presented with a Star Wars human and a Milky Way human, would the best doctors or the best medical droids be able to distinguish them? Is there a replacement for unistd.h for Windows (Visual C)? I'm porting a relatively simple console program written for Unix to the Windows platform (). All the source files include "unistd.h", which doesn't exist.  Removing it, I get complaints about misssing prototypes for 'srandom', 'random', and 'getopt'. I know I can replace the random functions, and I'm pretty sure I can find/hack-up a getopt implementation.    But I'm sure others have run into the same challenge.  My question is: is there a port of "unistd.h" to Windows? At least one containg those functions which do have a native Windows implementation - I don't need pipes or forking.  EDIT:  I know I can create my very own "unistd.h" which contains replacements for the things I need - especially in this case, since it is a limited set. But since it seems like a common problem, I was wondering if someone had done the work already for a bigger subset of the functionality.  Switching to a different compiler or environment isn't possible at work - I'm stuck with Visual Studio. Can a character use the Misty Step spell to escape from the Iron Bands of Bilarro? Can a character escape the  (DMG p. 177, listed in the SRD as the ) with the  spell? To clarify, I am not asking if the bands prevent teleportation. I am asking whether the bands are teleported with the character as he teleports using misty step. throwing a $k$-sided dice until you get every face the same number of times Unhandled event loop exception in plugin org.eclipse.ui Which piece of equipment is holding me back? I am primarily an amateur photographer but I do take small jobs from time to time.  I'm looking to upgrade my equipment but I'm not sure if I should be spending money on my body, glass, or both.  I have two common issues that I'd like to improve.   I shoot a lot at ice rinks and find that even in servo mode I get a lot of shots that are slightly out of focus.  I try to keep the AF target on face masks but many shots will come out focused an inch or two off (ears, hands, etc).  I'm shooting F/1.8-F/2.8 to get action stopping shutter speeds so you can really tell when the focus is even a hair off.  I don't know if this is a limitation of my camera, lens, or the human operator. Most of my paid work is indoors shooting candids where a flash is inappropriate.  I feel like I need to use a higher F-number to get more subject in focus but I usually can't do it without upping to ISO 3200 unless I'm using a flash.  By the time I clean up the high ISO noise in Camera Raw I end up with an image lacking detail.  So far this hasn't been a big problem because the photos are typically used in magazine prints only an inch or two wide but it's still driving me nuts.   Here is the equipment currently in my bag:   Canon Rebel T2i Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 II (no IS)   Collecting dust, came with my old Rebel XTi.  Canon EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS   Purchased with my T2i.  This is my workhorse lens but I'm disappointed with the soft images it produces at higher focal lengths.  Stopping down makes the images acceptable but that's not always an option.  My eyes want more contrast and color but considering how inexpensive this lens is I can't really complain.  Canon EF 70-300mm f/4-5.6 IS USM   This was purchased with an older camera and doesn't get used much anymore.  The images are too soft beyond 200mm and the AF seems sluggish.  Canon EF 50mm f/1.4 USM   I am extremely happy with the images I get from this lens.  I use it indoors all the time and also paired with extension tubes for some macro work.  Some of my best ice hockey images have been from this lens even though I didn't have sports in mind for this lens.    My initial plan was to upgrade to a 60D or 7D body but after doing some reading it occurred to me that I might invest in better glass first.  I'm unsure of what will help improve focusing, image quality, high ISO shooting, etc.  Maybe it's a new camera, new glass, photography lessons, or a little of everything?  I'm looking to keep my next round of purchases under $3,000 and am willing to trade in some of my used equipment to offset costs.  Would anyone care to make a recommendation?  I'm looking at the EOS 60D and 7D bodies.  Not sure if the 7D is overkill for my needs.  I'm also looking at the EF 24-70mm f/2.8L USM lens to be my new workhorse but I'm concerned that it may not be wide enough on an APS-C body and the lack of IS might be an issue.  There's also the EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM but I'm thinking it wouldn't be wise to spend all my budget on that lens right now (or maybe not?). How would Gauss' law hold in time varying electric fields? Clean install Windows 8.1 or Windows 8 from OEM key Cannot modify files installed by `snap` I have installed a package using snap and I need to modify one of the files but when I try to change its ownership or permissions, I always get the following message:  sudo chmod +x ./my_file.js chmod: changing permissions of '/snap/my_app/my_file.js': Read-only file system   How can I modify files that are installed via snap? Is it always possible to find the limit of a function without using  or ?  For example,   $$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\tan x-x}{x^3}$$  $$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin x-x}{x^3}$$  $$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\ln(1+x)-x}{x^2}$$  $$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{e^x-x-1}{x^2}$$  $$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\sin^{-1}x-x}{x^3}$$  $$\lim_{x\to0}\frac{\tan^{-1}x-x}{x^3}$$ Why isn't reflexivity redundant in the definition of equivalence relation? An equivalence relation is defined by three properties: reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity.  Doesn't symmetry and transitivity implies reflexivity? Consider the following argument.  For any $a$ and $b$, $a R b$ implies $b R a$ by symmetry. Using transitivity, we have $a R a$.  Source: Exercise 8.46, P195 of Mathematical Proofs, 2nd (not 3rd) ed. by Chartrand et al This next year, I am helping an effort to clean several SQL Server environments.    We have about 10,000 stored procedures and estimate that only about 1000 of them are used on a regular basis, and another 200 or so are used on a rare occasion, meaning we have a lot of work to do.    Since we have multiple departments and teams that can access these databases and procedures, we are not always the ones calling the procedures, meaning that we must determine what procedures are being called.  On top of that, we want to determine this over a few months, not in a few days (which eliminates some possibilities).  One approach to this is to use the SQL Server Profiler and track what procedures are being called and compare them to the list of what procedures we have, while marking whether the procedures are used or not.  From then, we could move the procedures to a different schema in case a department comes screaming.  Is using the Profiler the most effective approach here?  And/Or have any of you done something similar and found another way/better way to do this? How to show $\alpha\int_a^cf(x)dx+\beta \int_c^b f(x)dx =0$ means $f(x)=0$ everywhere $?$ Question :  Let $$f\ :\ [a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb R$$   be  continuous . And  there  exist  constants  $\alpha$  $\beta$  such  that  $\forall c\in [a,b]$  $$\alpha \int_a^c f(x)dx +\beta \int_c^b f(x)dx =0 $$   Prove  that  $f=0$  allover  $[a,b]$.  Attempt :(not much useful )   Since  the  equation  holds  for  all  $c\in [a,b]$   , if  take  $c=a$  then  we  have $$\beta \int_a^b f(x)dx =0 $$  And  taking  $c=b$  we  get $$\alpha \int_a^b f(x)dx=0 $$  See  if  both  $\alpha=0$  and  $\beta=0$  hold  then  there  is  nothing  to  do . If  only  one  of  them  is  $0$   and  the  other  is  non-zero  then  from  the  last  two  equations  we  get $$\int_a^b f(x)dx =0 $$ and  this  does   not  ensure   $f$'s  being  identically  $0$  on  $[a,b]$ (for  example : $f(x)=sin x$  and $a=0$,$b=2\pi $ ) .   So  our  only  possibility  is  that  both $\alpha \neq 0$  and $\beta \neq 0$  must  hold .  Now  I  cannot  proceed  any  further  from  this  point . Please  give  me  some   hints  as  to  what  to  do  next .  Thaanks. Is there a good Valgrind substitute for Windows? How should I parse user input in a text adventure game? Parsing user commands in a text adventure is a spectrum from 's simple "go north" to some mind-bogglingly clever ones in .  I seem to remember reading nice how-tos in computer magazines back in the 80s, but now I find almost nothing on the 'net except a .  How would you do it?    Update: I went with the simplest approach possible in . Given two increasing continuous functions $f,g$ prove that $(b-a) \int^b_a f(x)g(x) dx > \int^b_a f(x) dx \int^b_a g(x) dx$ Given two monotonically increasing continuous functions $f,g$ prove that  $$(b-a) \int^b_a f(x)g(x) dx &gt; \int^b_a f(x) dx \int^b_a g(x) dx,\; b&gt;a$$  what I have tried:  Let $$h(x) = (x-a)\int^x_a f(t)g(t) dt - \int^x_a f(t)dt\int^x_a g(t)dt $$ and trying to figure out that $h'&gt;0$ using MVT to reform $h'(x)$ as   $$h'(x) = (x-a)(-f(x)g(\xi_1) - g(x)f(\xi_2) + f(x)g(x) + f(\xi_3)g(\xi_3))$$ where $\xi_{1,2,3} \in (a,x)$ (That method does not seem to work)