Following the instructions at tutorials.ubuntu.com I created a bootable USB stick running Ubuntu 16.04.4. It boots and runs Ubuntu fine but I can't save any files. I made a few test files and saved them to Documents. But the next time I booted from the stick the files were not there. It was like the first time the stick had been used. Also the network settings such as Wifi network and password were not saved. Is there a way save files and setting changes to a USB stick? Or do I have to be using regular HD? Thnaks
I want to make a persistent live Ubuntu USB drive with more than 4GB of storage.   I know there is an option of installing directly on the drive but I don't want to do this as it will restrict the drive from working on different computers.   One option is to make an additional partition with extra space but if I do this how can I get newly installed software to be stored on this partition?
Sitemaps - one per subdomain or one for the base domain? I have more than 5 subdomains on a project, say developer, www, staff and some more, what is the best practice in creating sitemaps?   All subdomains that share a same sitemap at base domain (example.com/sitemap.xml) ? or different sitemaps for different subdomains?(developer.example.com/sitemap.xml and www.example.com/sitemap.xml)   Since the subdomains are several parts of the main application, what are the pros and cons of each, and what should I consider while choosing the one over the other? (one sitemap per subdomain or one for the whole site) Can PHP PDO Statements accept the table or column name as parameter? Why can't I pass the table name to a prepared PDO statement?  $stmt = $dbh-&gt;prepare('SELECT * FROM :table WHERE 1'); if ($stmt-&gt;execute(array(':table' =&gt; 'users'))) {     var_dump($stmt-&gt;fetchAll()); }   Is there another safe way to insert a table name into a SQL query? With safe, I mean that I don't want to do  $sql = "SELECT * FROM $table WHERE 1" Schengen visa validity start date My Chinese in-laws intend to visit us in one month from now. Their visa is valid from Nov 23rd. Would it be possible for them to take the airplane on November 22nd in China and arrive in Schengen area on November 23rd?  Or does the visa already have to be valid upon departure?  In our particular case, they still need to transfer in Beijing first. The actual flight to Schengen zone effectively only departs on the 23rd so I guess that should be completely fine then? Find the sum of $\sum \limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{-n}(n+3)}{(n+1)(n+2)}$ I just read this very insightful post , where the author stated that the variance of $\hat\beta$ is:  $$\text{var}(\hat\beta) = \sigma^2(\textbf{X}^\prime \textbf{X})^{-1}.$$  I couldn't figure out why it is like this. Can anyone elaborate a bit? How do I remove XFCE from my computer? My computer is overheating because I got too many desktop environments installed like: MATE, Cinnamon and XFCE.  I uninstalled them, but XFCE failed to uninstall. I get this error.   sudo apt-get purge xfce4     Reading package lists... Error!     E: Problem syncing the file - sync (5: Input/output error)     E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened. Using Sequence to delete a part of an expression Show $\frac{a_{1}+...+a_{n}}{b_{1}+...+b_{n}}$ is between the smallest and largest fraction $\frac{a_{i}}{b_{i}}$, where $b_{i}&gt;0$.  Attempt  Assume the largest is $\frac{a_{n}}{b_{n}}\Rightarrow$  $\frac{a_{n}}{b_{n}}-\frac{a_{1}+...+a_{n}}{b_{1}+...+b_{n}}\Rightarrow $  $\frac{b_{1}+...+b_{n-1}}{{b_{1}+...+b_{n}}}[\frac{a_{n}}{b_{n}}-\frac{a_{1}}{b_{1}+...+b_{n-1}}-...-\frac{a_{n-1}}{b_{1}+...+b_{n-1}}]\Rightarrow $  if $a_{1}&lt;0$, $w=\frac{a_{n}}{b_{n}}-\frac{a_{1}}{b_{1}+...+b_{n-1}}-...-\frac{a_{n-1}}{b_{1}+...+b_{n-1}}&gt;\frac{a_{n}}{b_{n}}-\frac{a_{2}}{b_{1}+...+b_{n-1}}-...-\frac{a_{n-1}}{b_{1}+...+b_{n-1}}$  any hints or solutions? Equation System with 3 variables "Find all the possible solutions $(x,y,z) \in$  $\Bbb R$ that satisfies the following equation system".  My teacher gave me this problem and i got some clues in how to solve it. I evaluated $1$ and $-1$ and i got these solutions $(1,-1,1)$ and $(-1,-1,-1)$. I think these are the only ones but i can't prove it.  Am i wrong?, are there more solutions?.   Thanks  $$ \left\{  \begin{array}{c} x+y-z=-1 \\  x^2-y^2+z^2=1\\  -x^3+y^3+z^3=-1 \end{array} \right.  $$ How many points in RSA, such that $m^e = m \bmod n$ For every RSA-cryptosystem, there exist some messages $m$, for which it holds that $m^e \equiv m \pmod n$ As to the question, how many such messages exist, this question has already been asked and answered here:  However, I do only understand the answer up to a certain point Suppose that $n$ is only 1 prime. Then it holds that the number of unconcealable messages is $\gcd(e-1, p-1)+1$ This is because in $m^e \equiv m \pmod  p$ , either $m = 0$ or $m \not= 0$. In the latter case $m$ can be expressed as $g^t$, where $g$ is a Generator in $\mathbb{Z_p}$ $g^{t*e} \equiv g^t \pmod p$ $g^{t(e-1) \bmod p -1 } \equiv g^{0 \bmod p -1} \pmod p$ $t(e-1) \equiv 0 \pmod {p-1} $ has exactly $\gcd(e-1, p-1)$  solutions, so the total number of unconcealable messages is, together with $m=0$ , $\gcd(e-1, p-1)+1$ When we now look at real RSA, which has two prime factors in its modulus, it holds that the number of unconcealable messages is $(\gcd(e-1, p-1)+1)\cdot(\gcd(e-1, q-1)+1)$ Why is that so? I suppose it has to do with CRT, but I just cant understand why. Meaning of the word "axiom" Thus, axioms are propositions we assume to be true and we use them in an axiomatic theory as premises to infer conclusions, which are called "theorems" of this theory.  For example, we can use the  to prove theorems of arithmetic.  This is one meaning of the word "axiom". But I recognized that the word "axiom" is also used in quite different contexts.  For example, a group is defined to be an algebraic structure consisting of a set $G$, an operation $G\times G\to G: (a, b)\mapsto ab$, an element $1\in G$ and a mapping $G\to G: a\mapsto a^{-1}$ such that the following conditions, the so-called group axioms, are satisfied:   $\forall a, b, c\in G.\ (ab)c=a(bc)$, $\forall a\in G.\ 1a=a=a1$ and $\forall a\in G.\ aa^{-1}=1=a^{-1}a$.      Why are these conditions (that an algebraic structure has to satisfy to be called a group) called axioms? What have these conditions to do with the word "axiom" in the sense specified above? I am really asking about this modern use of the word "axiom" in mathematical jargon. It would be very interesting to see how the modern use of the word "axiom" historically developed from the original meaning.   Now, let me give more details why it appears to me that the word is being used in two different meanings:  As peter.petrov did, one can argue that group theory is about the conclusions one can draw from the group axioms just as arithmetic is about the conclusions one can draw from the Peano axioms. But in my opinion there is a big difference: while arithmetic is really about natural numbers, the successor operation, addition, multiplication and the "less than" relation, group theory is not just about group elements, the group operation, the identity element and the inverse function. Group theory is rather about models of the group axioms. Thus: The axioms of group theory are not the group axioms, the axioms of group theory are the axioms of set theory.  Theorems of arithmetic can be formalized as sentences over the signature (a. k. a. language) $\{0, s, +, \cdot\}$, while theorems of group theory cannot always be formalized as sentences over the signature $\{\cdot, 1, ^{-1}\}$. Let me give an example: A typical theorem of arithmetic is the case $n=4$ of Fermat's last theorem. It can be formalized as follows over the signature $\{0, s, +, \cdot\}$: $$\neg\exists x\exists y\exists z(x\not = 0\land y\not = 0\land z\not = 0\quad\land\quad x\cdot x\cdot x\cdot x + y\cdot y\cdot y\cdot y = z\cdot z\cdot z\cdot z).$$ A typical theorem of group theory is  which states that for any finite group G, the order of every subgroup H of G divides the order of G. I think that one cannot formalize this theorem as a sentence over the "group theoretic" signature $\{\cdot, 1, ^{-1}\}$; or can one? How should I interpret this residual plot? I am unable to interpret this graph. My dependent variable is total number of movie tickets that will be sold for a show. The independent variables are the number of days left before the show, seasonality dummy variables (day of week, month of year, holiday), price, tickets sold till date, movie rating, movie type (thriller, comedy, etc., as dummies). Also, please note that movie hall's capacity is fixed. That is, it can host maximum of x number of people only. I am creating a linear regression solution and it's not fitting my test data. So I thought of starting with regression diagnostics. The data are from a single movie hall for which I want to predict demand.  The is a multivariate dataset. For every date, there are 90 duplicate rows, representing days before the show. So, for 1 Jan 2016 there are 90 records. There is a 'lead_time' variable which gives me number of days before the show. So for 1 Jan 2016, if lead_time has value 5, it means it will have tickets sold until 5 days before the show date. In the dependent variable, total tickets sold, I will have the same value 90 times.  Also, as a side remark, is there any book that explains how to interpret residual plot and improve model afterwards? When is the product of $n$ subgroups a subgroup? How can I tell what year my bike was made? Question  I want to write a book in Arabic (I have an Arabic keyboard, so I don't need a converter). By Arabic book I mean literally Arabic:    title, table of contents  etc    all in Arabic.   The equations, however, I want to write them in English/Latin.  Related    This link helped a lot but it was for Arabic texts in an English main document.    I already checked these two (and plenty other sites). How do I change my default browser? Is there an option to change my default browser for all my applications? Can I safely uninstall games purchased from Steam? Can I uninstall purchased games from my computer and then later download them through Steam without having to re-purchase if I'd like to?   I'm running short on space on my laptop, looking to free up some space and wanted to be sure that I can safely re-download anything at a later time similar to how you can with the Xbox Live marketplace. I have a program which spawns several child processes.  I want to know which files this program and its children are creating, deleting, and modifying.   inotifywait can tell me which files are being accessed, but cannot tell me which process is doing it. And I have to know where the files are being created in order to set up the monitor. auditctl will let me log which processes modify a file, but, again, I have to know where the files are in order to set up logging. lsof will tell me all of the files, but doesn't seem to be a good solution for real-time tracking.   Is there anything that will let me monitor a program's file manipulation without knowing a priori which files will be manipulated? Find the expected value of $\frac{1}{X+1}$ where $X$ is binomial The problem:  X is a binomial random variable, find $E[\frac{1}{X+1}]$ n and p are not given  PDF for a binomial distribution is $\binom{n}{k}p^k(1-p)^{n-k}$  Expected value is $\sum{x_ip(x_i)}$  But this is where I get stuck, I'm really rusty on my statistics and I'm not sure exactly how to structure it in the next step? I think I want to get the form of the following out of the summation  $\sum _{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k}p^k(1-p)^{n-k} = (p + 1 - p)^n = 1$  But I'm not sure if it should look like  $\sum \frac{1}{xp(x)+1} $  and if it should where to go from here? apt-get install vs pip install I am a bit confused about the cases in which the above commands must be used when downloading python packages. I was trying to download a package named pyudev in accordance with an answer with this . I executed this command :  sudo pip install python-pyudev   but received the following message :  Downloading/unpacking python-pyudev    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-pyudev Cleaning up... No distributions at all found for python-pyudev Storing complete log in /home/vineet/.pip/pip.log   However the following worked fine :  sudo apt-get install python-pyudev   When is apt-get supposed to be used to install packages and when is python-pip used?