Referencing, when you can assume that readers and you know &quot;what you talk about&quot;? Is it unnecessary? I.e. if I can be sure that any reader of my paper that's of a sufficient professional level, should agree on what I'm saying, then is it necessary to reference in order to &quot;prove a view&quot;? This applies to e.g. definitions or methodologies or such. For example, if I write a paper on image segmentation that's read by people who also study image segmentation or are experienced in it, then would it be unnecessary to cite &quot;elementary texts&quot; on something that may be considered &quot;basic knowledge in image segmentation&quot;.
We all know how important proper attribution of ideas is. At the same time, certain things have become basic enough that citing the paper where they were first discussed is overkill: to give an extreme example, if you need to do some differentiation in your math/physics paper, you don't need to go and cite Newton and Leibniz. Now, on occasion students ask me how one can determine if a piece of knowledge is common enough that they can forgo a citation. The rule of thumb I give them is:     If it is something that is explained in a standard first-year undergrad textbook, then anybody who is going to read your papers knows about it and you don't need to provide a citation.   [Here I want to emphasize that I give this to them as a rule of thumb, and I always tell them to ignore it and provide the relevant citation if they think it is necessary to do so in a specific case]  Are there better or alternative ways of drawing the line?
Uk Visa Refused need guidelines etc,,, I am from Pakistan I applied for 4x Weeks UK family visit visa with my 6x years daughter and they refused, my refusal issue is same. I am going to quote my refusal letter.     You stated they you are employed with A----- company and Earning Rs. ____ per month in support of your application you have provided a latter from your employer. However  I am not satisfied that one document alone demonstrates that you have the employment status and earning claimed. You also state that your spouse is employer with ___ Company and Earning Rs. ____ per month in support of your application you have provided a latter from your employer However  I am not satisfied that one document alone demonstrates that you have the employment status and earning claimed with out further corroborating evidence. I note that you have declared no other personnel income, savings or assets. Based on the information provided i am not satisfied that your circumstances are as claimed and that you have demonstrated strong economic financial ties to Pakistan.  It is your responsibility to satisfy me that your circumstance in Pakistan are such that if granted leave to enter you will abide by all the conditions attached to any such leave and that you will leave the uk on completion of the proposed visit  but you have failed to do so. therefore I am not satisfied that  you are seeking a genuine visit or that you intend to leave the uk at the end of your visit  your application for visit visa has been refused  paragraph V4.2(a) and (c) I am not satisfied that you have sufficient funds to cover all reasonable costs in relation to your visit including the cost of your journey. any cost relating to dependents and the cost of any planned activities. your application for visit visa has been refused under paragraph V4.2(e).  ,,,   These objections and reasons are not as like they thinking I have my bank statement and transactions including Rs. 4 lac balance I have transactions of my salary in statement and my husband recently employed he is also have his salary transaction in the same statement because we both using our joint account.  I just want to go Uk and meet my family for 4x weeks and I am with my 6 years daughter my husband is not going with us due to his job.  Now please guide me should I go for Administration review and provide them my bank statement because my visa rejected on 26 July 2016 I still have time period for administration review OR I should reapply immediately to remove all these objections and give them more evidences I mean bank statement and our pay slips etc? Kindly guide me what to do which way will work.. Your quick help and guidelines will help me. Clearly this is an edge case and I probably shouldn't have even tried awarding the bounty to a deleted answer, but why is the bounty award button even available?  It's not a bug since someone added in the notification seen in the final image.  But that sure seems like a roundabout way to let the user know that they can't award a bounty to a deleted answer.  The second step is particularly strange since the system really ought to know that the warning is pointless: no bounty can be awarded.  My suggestion is to rip-off the  and let bounties be awarded without the warning.  Then remove the single click button from deleted answers. Assigning point IDs to respective start and end attributes of polyline? I have two shapefiles, Point and Polyline. I'm trying to populate my polyline layer with the point data ID (systemID) where the lines start to where they end; eg. create two columns (from and to). The lines already have flow direction assigned to them. I am using ArcHydro tools but Arcpy is also fine.  In ArcHydro I have tried using Attribute Tools > Generate From/To Nodes for lines but it creates values for To and From that are not from my point data. My other alternative was using Feature to Vertices and joining the result to my point data table to get the systemID. But then I would have to update the polyline layer as well. I am sure there is a easier way of doing it.  Note: not all the lines have points at the vertices, blank values are fine for them. How to solve this probability problem analytically (instead of using simulation)? Probability of Bill wins the game if he goes first Is there a CSS selector for elements containing certain text? I try to color the page numbers of my table of contents.  I'm using the package hyperref along with the options :  \hypersetup{   colorlinks,   linkcolor=wine-stain % custom color }      Here's the output :       The numbers remain black..  What should I do so the numbers become the same color as defined for the sections ?  I tried to \color{wine-stain}{\tableofcontents} but still that doesn't work since "Contents" is also colorized and the subsection numbers are remaining black. For sets $A,B$, let $|A|\leq^*|B|$ say that there exists an onto map $f:B\rightarrow A$ or $A=\emptyset$.   My question is, is $$\forall A,B(|A|\leq^*|B|\longrightarrow |A|\leq|B|)$$ equivalent to the axiom of choice?  Thanks How can I undo "always allow" in keychain item Is there a standard function in C that would return the length of an array? If the cricket ground Lord's is a possessive, what if you want to describe something belonging to Lord's? Would you say:     I was very impressed by Lord's's customer services.   It doesn't look right, so what is the correct way of writing it? How to build a difference distribution table? Formula to add minutes to date+time in Excel If I have a cell formatted as date+time in Excel, how can I add to this in terms of minutes? It would need to work whether I was adding 20 minutes, or 2,500 minutes.   So, for example if I had this spreadsheet, what formula could I put in B5 to get a result of 2013-09-22 09:10?    I tried using =B4+TIME(0,B3,0), but it gives 2013-09-21 09:10 which is a day off. It works fine though if B3 is less than a day's worth. Suppose that I create Material001  and Material002  in Material Properties and set them to some color. Can I use this 2 items in other buttons like Texture Properties, Object Data Properties etc. ? Where and how do I intertwine them with this button ? Make file in linux readonly Birthday line to get ticket in a unique setup At a movie theater, the whimsical manager announces that a free ticket will be given to the first person in line whose birthday is the same as someone in line who has already bought a ticket.  You have the option of choosing any position in the line. Assuming that you don't know anyone else's birthday, and that birthdays are uniformly distributed throughout the year (365 days year), what position in line gives you the best chance of getting free ticket? Here is my question:  Is a homeomorphism, that is, a continuos function whose inverse function is also continuous, always bijective? Can I use Google Maps as a layer in ArcMap?  Is it possible? Is it possible to show our custom message in QGIS Status bar using python? When a lattice is a lattice of open sets of some topological space? When a lattice $(L,\leqslant)$ is a lattice of open (or closed) sets of some topological space $(X,\tau)$? Which conditions have to be satisfied? We may assume that $X$ is $T_1$. Solutions of $x^2 \equiv 1 \pmod N$ I am stuck with this exercise:     Show that $\forall s &gt;0 \quad \exists N &gt;0$ such that $$x^2 \equiv 1\pmod N$$ has more than $s$ solutions.   I think I cannot use the theory if quadratic residues, because the modulus is not prime, so maybe I must prove it with square roots or roots of unity, but I don't know how to approach it at all.  Thanks for any help.