I've been creating certificates this way for over a year:  export website="my_domain1111.com" sudo certbot certonly --standalone -d $website -d www.$website --email hello@$website   and it's always created one for $website  /etc/letsencrypt/live/my_domain1111.com   Today for some reason it created a one with "www" instead of a bare domain      export website="another_my_domain222.com" sudo certbot certonly --standalone -d $website -d www.$website --email hello@$website  # =&gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.another_my_domain222.com   Why? has there been any change recently in certbot?  I've tried changing the order of the "-d" params - the same effect:  sudo certbot certonly --standalone  -d www.$website -d $website --email hello@$website  /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.another_my_domain222.com # with "www"   Version - 0.25
This time when I used certbot it created a certificate for "www.$website" instead of $website. This is not what I need.  Here it is:    $ website="my_website123.com"   $ sudo certbot certonly --standalone -d $website -d www.$website --email admin@$website              Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log   Plugins selected: Authenticator standalone, Installer None   Starting new HTTPS connection (1): acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org   Cert not yet due for renewal    You have an existing certificate that has exactly the same domains or certificate name you requested and isn't close to expiry.   (ref: /etc/letsencrypt/renewal/www.my_website123.com.conf)    What would you like to do?   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------   1: Keep the existing certificate for now   2: Renew &amp; replace the cert (limit ~5 per 7 days)   -------------------------------------------------------------------------------   Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2   Renewing an existing certificate   Performing the following challenges:   http-01 challenge for my_website123.com   http-01 challenge for www.my_website123.com   Waiting for verification...   Cleaning up challenges    IMPORTANT NOTES:    - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:      /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.my_website123.com/fullchain.pem      Your key file has been saved at:      /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.my_website123.com/privkey.pem      Your cert will expire on 2018-10-18. To obtain a new or tweaked      version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot      again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run      "certbot renew"    - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:       Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate      Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le   Why did it create one for "www" instead of the bare domain?   On all my own servers this exactly command has always created a cert. without "www" - this is what I need. I even tried yesterday on a different server -- without "wwww".  How can I make it create a cert. without "www"?
I am attempting to return an integer (itemcount) of the items within a SP2013 list. I have done this easily using the stock standard json method. However I have a need of counting the splist items which contain a certain value. My silly knowledge immediately lead me to try and use filtering with the ItemCount parameter only to find out that it will always still return the count for all items and it will completely ignore the filter. I have searched for a way of doing this but have found absolutely nothing other than a single page with a comment stating that it is not possible with the REST api and that it can ONLY be done using CSOM.  My question is, firstly, is it true that there is NO way to filter itemcount with REST? If so, how else can I obtain my item count using this type of filtering? (Examples or sources will help vastly) Thanks.  Below is my attempted request:  var itemid = item.id;           MyService.ensureFormDigest(function (fDigest) {               $http.get(                   MyService.appWebUrl + '/_api/web/Lists/getbytitle(\'Items\')/ItemCount?$filter=SubjectsID eq' + itemid,                   {                       headers: {                           'Accept': 'application/json; odata=verbose',                           'X-RequestDigest': fDigest                       }                   }).success(function (d) {                       item.itemcode = d.d.ItemCount;                       alert(item.itemcode);                       callback();                   }).error(function (er) {                       alert("Error getting List Item Count: " + er);                   });           });       }   On another note, I was advised to try it as such: /Items?$filter=SubjectsID eq 3&amp;$select=Id  Then in the JS, in my success method:  data.d.results.length How to do multiple joins when using groupby in linq bash: start multiple chained commands in background I'm trying to run some commands in paralel, in background, using bash. Here's what I'm trying to do:  forloop {   //this part is actually written in perl   //call command sequence   print `touch .file1.lock; cp bigfile1 /destination; rm .file1.lock;`; }   The part between backticks (``) spawns a new shell and executes the commands in succession. The thing is, control to the original program returns only after the last command has been executed. I would like to execute the whole statement in background (I'm not expecting any output/return values) and I would like the loop to continue running.  The calling program (the one that has the loop) would not end until all the spawned shells finish.  I could use threads in perl to spawn different threads which call different shells, but it seems an overkill...  Can I start a shell, give it a set of commands and tell it to go to the background? if $x+2y+z=4$ and $x,y,z$ are real number. then find maximum value of $xy+yz+zx$  putting $x+z=4-2z$ in $y(x+z)+zx = y(4-2z)+zx = 4y-2yz+zx$  i wan,t be able to  go further,could some help me with this I'm using ubuntu 13.10 as htpc. To save some power, i have set it to suspend after 30minutes of inactivity. Before entering suspended state, a popup appears to warn me that computer is about to get put to sleep. This is a little annoyance since it appears when i resume the pc later.   How can i disable this notification for good? The  mentions the following matrix identity $$\det\begin{pmatrix}A&amp;B\\B&amp;A\end{pmatrix}=\det(A+B)\det(A-B),$$ valid for squared matrices $A$ and $B$ of the same size.  How is this result proved? Can I re-create deleted Gmail accounts? A long time ago, I created a Google mail account. I fell for a trap that was common back then (not sure how it is nowadays) and ended up with two Google accounts—one for Gmail (using the Gmail email address I would like to use) and one for everything else (using an email address at an external mail provider).  Hoping that I could associate my Gmail and my actual Google account, I deleted my Gmail account only to discover that deleted account names cannot be used again. So basically my old Gmail account along with the Google email address I would like to use is gone.  My main Google account got assigned a different Gmail account in the mean time.  Do you know if it is possible to re-use my preferred Gmail address? If possible, I would like to assign it to my main Google account. But I'd also be happy to have it as a second Google account, anything is better than the current situation. How to intuitively understand eigenvalue and eigenvector? I'm learning multivariate analysis and I have learnt linear algebra for two semester when I was a freshman.  Eigenvalue and eigenvector is easy to calculate and the concept is not difficult to understand.I found that there are many application of eigenvalue and eigenvector in multivariate analysis. For example     In principal components, proportion of total population variance due   to kth principal component equal    $$\frac{\lambda_k}{\lambda_1+\lambda_2+...\lambda_k}$$   I think eigenvalue product corresponding eigenvector has same effect as the matrix product eigenvector geometrically.   I think my former understanding may be too naive so that I cannot find the link between eigenvalue and its application in principal components and others.   I know how to induce almost every step form the assumption to the result mathematically. I'd like to know how to intuitively or geometrically understand eigenvalue and eigenvector in the context of multivariate analysis(in linear algebra is also good).  Thank you! Export File Dialog in Blender 2.80 How can I get bring up a popup file browser in Blender 2.80 invoked by a button click in my addon, to define the name and location of a file to be exported?  In Blender 2.7x, I did this via the context window manager in the invoke function, but it is very possible that this hasn't been the preferred method for years, as I'm not finding useful documentation when I search for how to update this.  class MYTOOL_OT_write_data(bpy.types.Operator):     bl_idname = "mytool.write_data"     bl_label = "Write data file"      directory: bpy.props.StringProperty(subtype="FILE_PATH")     filename: bpy.props.StringProperty(subtype="FILE_NAME")      def invoke(self, context, event):  # 2.7x method         WindowManager = context.window_manager         context.window_manager.FILEBROWSERect_add(self)  # &lt;-- error here         return{"RUNNING_MODAL"}      def execute(self, context):         directory = self.directory         filename = self.filename         # Write csv data file using normal python functionality         return{'FINISHED'}   In Blender 2.80, I am getting the error "AttributeError: 'WindowManager' object has no attribute 'FILEBROWSERect_add'".  Thanks for your help.    UPDATED SOLUTION based on brockmann's solution below.  The trick is to use the ExportHelper util (which existed long before Blender 2.80):  from bpy_extras.io_utils import ExportHelper  class MYTOOL_OT_write_data(bpy.types.Operator, ExportHelper):     bl_idname = "mytool.write_data"     bl_label = "Write data file"      filename_ext = ".csv"  # ExportHelper mixin class uses this     def execute(self, context):         filepath = self.filepath         # f = open(filepath, 'w')         # f.write(stuff)         # f.close()         return{'FINISHED'} Sometimes a tag wiki excerpt or body ends up with unacceptable or useless content: plagiarized text that must be removed, or a totally unhelpful dictionary definition. (For example:  — and I've seen this situation many times before.)  The only way to get rid of that content is to submit replacement text that meets the minimum length requirement. This is not always easy as writing a decent wiki, and especially a decent excerpt, requires subject knowledge.  Currently the users or even moderators who are alerted to unacceptable content in a tag wiki cannot remove that content without providing their own, which they are not always in a position to do. Yet these wikis would be better off with no content than with either unacceptable or unhelpful content, or some content written by a non-expert in a hurry.  Please provide a way for users to blank a tag wiki excerpt or body. I'm not sure what the reputation requirement should be: same mechanism as for tag wiki edits (suggested edits with approval), or only done directly by a user with the trusted user (20k) privilege, or moderator-only. How to prove that $a \cdot b$ is not divisible by 5 for $\frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{2} + ... + \frac{1}{99} + \frac{1}{100} = \frac{a}{b}$? How can I make a program executable from everywhere What should I do if I want to be able to run a given program regardless of my current directory? Should I create a symbolic link to the program in the /bin folder? Show current ping to website on Taksbar I'm looking for a way to monitor my current internet connection quality by showing the ping-response to a website like google in the taskbar on the right side. I'm using Windows 8.1. Kind of like , but for the ping. Any suggestions?  I want to stop using the command line to ping Google. Ok. So I read books as a kid, this may have been mid to late 1980s. Definitely before 1993. These details I remember, they might be from the same book or from several:   Slower than light space travel with severe time dilation. There were boardings of space ships, but the fighting odds could be very uneven because a foe could be from your future or your past, depending on when you started your space journey, because of relativistic time dilation. No faster than light travel, no time travel either. Just regular physics. To fight better in melee, soldiers would have (more or less willingly, I think they knew beforehand) false memories or notions implanted of the enemy as horrible human beings so soldiers could kill them more easily without remorse. Towards the end of the story, veterans of the war are described as not quite feeling at home after the war. One planet (home?) or country is described as inhabited entirely of clones, Adams and Eves, I think homosexual, or that sexuality could be switched deliberately. I think the veterans find at the end a refuge somewhere more like the home they are used to. The reason so much has changed is of course the time dilation. They spent maybe decades in the war, while on the planets centuries or millenia passed. I think one moral (there may be many more I missed as a child) of the story was the futility of war. If I recall correctly, the war was resolved in a way that made the efforts of the veterans seem for nothing. Usually, when we see two letters put together it is to define the pronunciation or to differentiate synonyms or just its foreign origins. But some words don't seem to have any reason to double up.     Why does vacuum have two of the letter U?  Why does aardvark have two of the letter A?  Why does llama have two of the letter L? Fire Adaptive Domain rendering like a solid cube When I render I see a solid cube which is Adaptive domain. But it shouldn't show up. I feel like I missed something. It is my first time simulating fire.  Candle with a solid domain blocking the fire    The material seems to be plugged in to the volume already :/  Node setup How can I add text in a non-english language? How can I add text with non Latin characters? I'd like to get text in other languages like Arabic, Russin (Cyrilic), Japanese, Chinese, Malayalam among others, but I get rectangles instead of Arabic letters. Solving recurrence relation. Recurrence Profile Gravatar get change Do not know whether someone else observe it or not but today I found my profile Gravatar changed. It is now different than earlier I have. Is it because today I have updated my profile information?        My previous gravatar looks like: Euclidean distance vs Squared