At the cafe..  I : Coffee please. Staff : No milk?  In that case, how should I answer if I don't want milk?  No. Yes.
There has been talk of how to answer a negative question without ambiguity, most often with a qualifying phrase needed for clarification. (For example, "yes, I do"/"no, I don't.)  I've noticed that other languages have a single word to address a negative question on the contrary. In German, ja means yes and nein means no. Alternatively, doch is used to respond in the positive to a negative question, in essence meaning "No, I intend to do the opposite of what your question presumes."  Take for example the question, "You don't want to go to the movie then?" German speakers could simply reply, "nein" if they don't want to go or they would say "doch" if they did want to go; an unambiguously positive response to a negatively phrased question. No need for, "no, I actually would like to go" or "yes, I'll come actually". In French, the respective equivalents of ja, nein, and doch are oui, non, and si. I imagine many other languages contain this set as well.  I am wondering whether there was at one time an equivalent word in the English language that has since (unfortunately) disappeared. Any ideas?
I want to change my computer's password. Right now my password is abc123. I run this command:  sudo passwd   I entered my current password and then a new one but the change does not take effect. How can I resolve this problem ? Why does this excerpt say that unbiased estimation of standard deviation usually isn't relevant? I was reading on the computation of the unbiased estimation of standard deviation and the source I read stated      (...) except in some important situations, the task has little relevance to   applications of statistics since its need is avoided by standard   procedures, such as the use of significance tests and confidence   intervals, or by using Bayesian analysis.   I was wondering if anyone could elucidate the reasoning behind this statement, for example doesn't the confidence interval use the standard deviation as part of the calculation? Therefore, wouldn't the confidence intervals be affected by a biased standard deviation?  EDIT:  Thanks for the answers so far, but I'm not quite sure I follow some of the reasoning for them so I'll add a very simple example. The point is that if the source is correct, then then something is wrong from my conclusion to the example and I would like someone to point how how the p-value doesn't depend on the standard deviation.  Suppose a researcher wished to test whether the mean score of fifth graders on a test in his or her city differed from the national mean of 76 with a significance level of 0.05. The researcher randomly sampled the scores of 20 students. The sample mean was 80.85 with a sample standard deviation of 8.87. This means: t = (80.85-76)/(8.87/sqrt(20)) = 2.44. A t-table is then used to calculate that the two-tailed probability value of a t of 2.44 with 19 df is 0.025. This is below our significance level of 0.05 so we reject the null hypothesis.  So in this example, wouldn't the p-value (and maybe your conclusion) change depending on how you estimated your sample standard deviation? Do you need to erase the memory of *watching* a memory in a Pensieve? You remove your memory from your brain to store in a Pensieve (as Snape or Dumbledore did). Then, you re-watch the memory (e.g. as Dumbledore re-watched his memories of Voldemort's investigations with Harry) in the Pensieve.   Does that mean that you now re-created the memory in your brain (because you remember watching it) and thus you'll need to extract/erase it from your brain again if you don't wish to keep it there for security/capacity reasons (which was why you stored it in the Pensieve in the first place?  Canon answers only please. Exporting PDF with Hyperlinked Attributes from ArcMap? I'm using ArcGIS 10.1 and would like to export a map to a pdf, preserving feature's attributes. I would like to be able to identify, for example, a point feature from the map on pdf with its underlying features (essentially hyperlink to a document or URL). I know one can export to such a pdf in ArcMap, with an advanced option of exporting features with attributes. I use Adobe Acrobat Pro v.10, and cannot seem to be able to find a way to bring these attributes up.   Is this possible? Fine, the 's math  did in the old pop-up. That makes sense. But this is just silly. Why do I need to be notified that a post I downvoted got deleted?    (The title links next to the red -1s were removed from the screenshot by me. They're present in the real pop-up.)  So I can break out a bottle of the '82 Rothschild? It's especially pointless because there's  that caused the change.  Please don't display the Rep Signal when the change is only due to someone else's deleted posts. What is a NullPointerException, and how do I fix it? How can I convert my Java program to an .exe file? Idempotent of closure and other properties How to make grass appear on top of ground not in middle? I am unable to understand what exactly is critical value.My question here is why do we fail to reject a null hypothesis when the test statistic is within the range of critical value.  What i am trying to ask is what is the property of the critical value that makes the hypothesized value to fall within the range implied by the critical value.  Thanks in advance Let $V$ be an n-dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{R}$ and $T:V \rightarrow V$ be linear. Call a vector $v \in V$ cyclic if $V$ is spanned by $\{v, \ Tv, \ T^2v,..\}$.  Question:  Show that $v$ is cyclic for $T$ then there is some $k \geq 1$ such that   $$B=\{v, \ Tv,..T^{k-1}v \}$$ is linearly independent in $V$ and that $T^kv$ lies in  the span of $B$.  Thoughts:  If we suppose that no such $k$ exists, then every subset of the form $\{v, \ Tv,..T^{l-1}v \}$ is linearly dependent, or it is linearly dependent with $T^lv$ not lying in it span.  There are in effect then two cases to consider.  Suppose every subset of the form $\{v, \ Tv,..T^{l-1}v \}$ is linearly dependent. Then $T^{l-1}$ can be expressed as a linear combination of $v,...,T^{l-2}v$. Now, $\{v, \ Tv,..T^{l-2}v \}$ is also linearly dependent by assumption and so we can express $T^{l-2}$ as a linear combination of  $v,...,T^{l-3}v$ etc... Continuing in this way, we show that $T^{l-1}v= \lambda v$ for some $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$. Thus $$B=\{ \mu v \ | \ \mu \ \text{is an eigenvalue of} \ T^mv \ \text{for some} \ m \}$$ This is 'at best' countably infinite, and therefore could not span $V$ even if it were 1-dimensional, wince our base field is $\mathbb{R}$, which is uncountable.  Suppose then that $B$ is linearly independent for some $k$ but that $T^kv$ does not lie in its span. I can't see how to progress this argument.  Note: This question is for second year Undergraduates, and I think there must be some more simple approach; even the first part surprises me if we need to argue using the uncountability of $\mathbb{R}$, so any alternative approaches are also appreciated. Does the  core rulebook contain any information that is not included already on  that would make it worth it to buy the PDF version of the manual? Or does it only have extra descriptive text? Is there a symmetry associated to the conservation of information? Conservation of information seems to be a deep physical principle. For instance, Unitarity is a key concept in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory.  We may wonder if there is an underlying symmetry, in some space, which may explain this conservation of information. Importing users that will be installed by programs References in Chapter Titles How to display alt text for an image in chrome Ignoring invalid input features with Intersection tool in QGIS? In QGIS 2.18, when I used the Vector > Geoprocessing Tools > Intersection tool, I was able to check an option which said "Ignore NULL geometries [optional]".  Now I've downloaded QGIS 3.2 and that option no longer exists. But when I try to create the intersection between two layers I'm working on, I get a message saying that there is an invalid geometry somewhere and that I should either fix it it or "change the Processing setting to the 'Ignore invalid input features' option."   But that option doesn't exist! Or if it does exist, I just can't find it anywhere.  Does anyone know how/where to change this setting in QGIS 3.2? I'm looking for a true 360 degree camera, so that's both vertical and horizontal 360 degrees. I've seen some clip-ons for the iPhone, but am really not wanting to by an iPhone 4S for this.  What I would like to see: - decent resolution: at least 1920x1080. - and 30fps  I can't settle for an alternative that's not vertically 360 degrees (or at least much more than 180 degrees).  I've seen the ball camera, which isn't out yet, but would be really well suited for my case, given it does video as well. Why (in relatively non-technical terms) are Calabi-Yau manifolds favored for compactified dimensions in string theory? How can I export object's field schema information to excel? How can I export the fields of an object from Salesforce into an Excel sheet? I'm only looking for the field schema information, not the objects records.