Philosophy and science Is philosophy still considered as 'mother of science' nowadays? Because i don't know relevance philosophy with the term mother of science in this days. (21st Century)
Philosophy is the mother of all science Prologue Running google search:  at the time of this post yields about 114,000 results, and while this Quora post:  puts forth the question to determine the truth of the matter, it does not address the historical, etymological, and philosophical import of the matter. This PhilSE Post:  clearly addresses theory, but does not address the historical aspect. The related question in Researchgate post:  seems to not provide a substantial answer either. Inquiry What is the  context in which the statement 'Philosophy is the mother of all science' or related ones began to recognize as a  the  relationship between philosophy and the advent of modern science under thinkers like ? That is to say, what historical and social consequences were responsible for seeing  somehow superior as a theory to the ? Epilogue The question is intended to determine the metaphilosophical insights of philosophers. For example, if Karl Popper used the phrase or one similar, did he appeal to previous philosophers for insight on that same relationship? See Also
PhD in Europe without scholarship from non-European homeland I earned my bachelors in Computer Engineering from my home country. I am now enrolled in a Physics masters program in the same university. Next year I plan to find a different university in Europe in which to enroll in a Computer Engineering PhD program.  However I doubt that I'll receive any scholarships from my homeland's government when studying abroad. Can I survive if I start to live out of my own my pocket? Is that enough to live in Europe just for a half year. Are there any available funds that can supplement my income such as a TA/RA's salary?  My main question is:   How to survive if I want to study PhD in Europe without any scholarship from my home country? Which country might provide sufficient support for a foreigner to study at graduate level?   I am interested to Germany and Finland but any European country would be acceptable! Why is the Mann–Whitney U test significant when the medians are equal? I've received a results from a Mann-Whitney rank test that I don't understand.  The median of the 2 populations is identical (6.9). The uppper and lower quantiles of each population are:   6.64 &amp; 7.2 6.60 &amp; 7.1   The p-value resulting from the test comparing these populations is 0.007. How can these populations be significantly different? Is it due to the spread about the median? A boxplot comparing the 2 shows that the second one has far more outliers than the first. Thanks for any suggestions. Java equivalent of unsigned long long? In C++, I enjoyed having access to a 64 bit unsigned integer, via unsigned long long int, or via uint64_t. Now, in Java longs are 64 bits, I know. However, they are signed.  Is there an unsigned long (long) available as a Java primitive? How do I use it? How does the Golden Ratio/Spiral Work? Is it useful with Logo Design? Spam iCloud Calendar Invitations Why can't we see images reflected on a piece of paper? Discoveryd Alternative to Replace mDNSResponder Argument? This is a direct follow-on to . , I'd add the "-AlwaysAppendSearchDomains" argument to the mDNSResponder plist file so that all local resolver lookups added the search domains, regardless of whether there was a period in the label to be looked up. For example, whether I try to ssh to hostname foo.bar or foo, the search domain of baz.com should be tried, not only for the latter case, as was (and is) the default behavior.   Now, it looks like the mDNSResponder is gone, replaced with discoveryd. I cannot find a similar option to get it to always appending the search domain. Suggestions? I'd rather not go the route of using a non-default local resolver, but I'd consider it as an option. For now, I'll just type in the long FQDNs, but I'd really rather not.  Thanks, Pete What really is Spacetime? What is a good definition on Space,  and the most specific topic ""? Because someone told me that spacetime is the foundation of the entire universe?  And also, Is it possible to create spacetime? If I push or hit an object in space will it rotate or move along a straight line? I came across a  where a comprehensive example would be very useful. So I wrote an example program showing one way to solve their problem.  My problem is that when I was done creating it, and testing to make sure it worked, it was over 400 lines in 18 files. My example included source code, header files, and scripts for building the example in a variety of circumstances.   It's a working and tested, so it's of huge value to illustrate the tricky solution, but because it's all there, my response was huge! Is there a better way of posting my code dump?  Edit:  I guess there isn't a current "best way" to include a large chunk of code, so I made this a feature request and tried to add some ideas.  Perhaps code entries that are longer then a certain number of lines, or ones that have been specifically marked could initially be displayed as "collapsed", and someone could expand them if they want to see them?  Or maybe, like attaching images, users with enough reputation could attach an archive of files. They could be displayed as "attached code" (initially collapsed also).  Some problems have simple answers that unfortunately touch disproportionately large parts of the program, or can be solved in slightly different ways depending on the environment. I feel that stackoverflow needs a way of capturing these large solutions. Sometimes, they're large chunks of code. In my case, the code was small, but there were many files.  Using github or a similar code repository is great, but we risk linkrot (even for big guys like github) and loose the community editing, commenting, and voting abilities.  I understand the problems that could come from with people dumping whole "I can't get this to work" packages, but surely we already have a solution for that in moderation.  Edit again:  I'm starting to see that this may have been already addressed in posts like    , and    If you feel this a dupe, I'm open to having it "closed as already addressed" How do you prevent web pages from appearing in the Google search index? I recently found a formula to help find a sequence given a generating function:  $(\frac{1}{1-x})^k=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\binom{n+k-1}{n}x^n, k \in \mathbb{N}$  I just wondered if there was a known proof for this, or if anyone knows of a way to prove it. Find the number of zeroes (counting multiplicity) of $p(z)=z^6+z^3+10z^2+4z+3$ inside the annulus $1&lt;|z|&lt;2$. I think this can be solved using Rouché’s theorem. First consider $|z|\leq 1$ on the boundary $|z|=1$ and $|z^6+z^3|&lt;|10z^2+4z+3|$ which can be shown using triangle inequalities, the left side is at most $2$ while right side is at least $3$. We could also consider $|z|\leq 1+ \epsilon$ and our proof still works. Thus $p(z)$ has 2 roots inside $|z|\leq 1$. Also for $|z|= 2$ we have $|z^6+z^3|&gt;|10z^2+4z+3|$. Thus we have 6 zeroes of $p(z)$ inside $|z|&lt;2$ and therefore 4 of them are in $1&lt;|z|&lt;2$. Is this correct? The only &quot;tricky&quot; part is ruling out that there are zeros on $|z|=1$. Information on month old flights Where can I get flight info for a flight a month ago for an insurance claim? Flight stat sites will only show a weeks worth of data. Why is it that they decided to make String immutable in Java and .NET (and some other languages)? Why didn't they make it mutable? Is there a general formula for image size vs. print size? Cyclic orbit animation I'm trying to make one object orbit another. But I want it to repeat, rather than stop at 100 frames. It seems there is no option for this. Is there a way to make this happen? LINQ to SQL Where Clause Optional Criteria I am working with a LINQ to SQL query and have run into an issue where I have 4 optional fields to filter the data result on.  By optional, I mean has the choice to enter a value or not.  Specifically, a few text boxes that could have a value or have an empty string and a few drop down lists that could have had a value selected or maybe not...  For example:      using (TagsModelDataContext db = new TagsModelDataContext())      {         var query = from tags in db.TagsHeaders                     where tags.CST.Equals(this.SelectedCust.CustCode.ToUpper())                      &amp;&amp; Utility.GetDate(DateTime.Parse(this.txtOrderDateFrom.Text)) &lt;= tags.ORDDTE                     &amp;&amp; Utility.GetDate(DateTime.Parse(this.txtOrderDateTo.Text)) &gt;= tags.ORDDTE                     select tags;         this.Results = query.ToADOTable(rec =&gt; new object[] { query });     }   Now I need to add the following fields/filters, but only if they are supplied by the user.   Product Number - Comes from another table that can be joined to TagsHeaders. PO Number - a field within the TagsHeaders table. Order Number - Similar to PO #, just different column. Product Status - If the user selected this from a drop down, need to apply selected value here.   The query I already have is working great, but to complete the function, need to be able to add these 4 other items in the where clause, just don't know how! If the laws of random variables weakly converge to a point mass at $c$, then the random variables converge in probability to $c$. This is question 10.3.1 from Rosenthal's First Look at Rigorous Probability.  Suppose $\mathcal{L}(X_n) \Rightarrow \delta_c$ for some $c \in \mathbb{R}$. Prove that $\{X_n\}$ converges to $c$ in probability.  Here $\mathcal{L}(X_n)$ refers to the distribution of $X_n$.  Is the following proof correct?  Is a simpler proof available?  Is there a simple proof using Skorohod's theorem?  I attempted to prove the contrapositive. Suppose $X_n \not \to c$ in probability.  This means that there is an $\varepsilon &gt; 0$ so that for all $N$, there exists an $m &gt; N$ such that  \begin{equation}   P(|X_m - c| \geq \varepsilon) &gt; \eta, \text{ for some $\eta &gt; 0$}. \end{equation}  Consider  \begin{equation}   B := \{x \in \mathbb{R} : |x - c| \leq \varepsilon\} \in \mathcal{B} \text{ the Borel sets on $\mathbb{R}$}. \end{equation}  Then $B^c \in \mathcal{B}$ and denoting the distribution of $X_n$ as $\mu_n$ we have  \begin{equation}   \mu_n(B^c) = P(X_n \in B^c) = P(|X_n - c| \geq \varepsilon) &gt; \eta. \end{equation}  For all $N$, there exists an $m &gt; N$ such that the cumulative distribution function of $X_m$ is not the same as the cumulative distribution function of $\delta_c$; in particular it's mass changes somewhere at least $\varepsilon$ distance from $c$. Finally because $\delta_c(\{x\}) = 0$ for all $x \neq c$ this completes the proof. How does a capacitor function in a 120V AC motor circuit? I don't understand the direction of current flow when a capacitor is wired in series with the start windings in, say, a fridge or other AC motor  running at/under 120V AC. Wiring diagrams seem to suggest that voltage energizes the hot leg of the circuit and current flows through the run windings and then returns via the neutral leg. Without a capacitor, the same thing would happen to the start windings. Problem there I guess is that both windings would be in phase and thus no spin created for the rotor. So, a capacitor is wired in series with the start windings which I kind of understand. But I don't know how the voltage and current behave. Does voltage energize the hot leg, flow through the start windings and then charge the capacitor? When voltage on the hot leg oscillates down to zero, does the capacitor discharge back toward the starter windings, or does current flow through the capacitor to the neutral leg? Basically I don't understand where the capacitor's charge goes when the hot leg is hot and when it is not. Lastly, is the capacitor placed between (downstream from) the start windings and neutral, or could it be wired between incoming voltage and the windings?