I've been wrapping my head around the topic for a few days now and the more I read the less I understand.  Question 1: If I purchase a license for Windows 2012 Server (either Essential/Standard/DataCenter) - am I allowed to use it run publicly accessible web server, with the  assumption that some part of the website requires user authentication (authentication by means of web application itself).  Examples of a software that could run on such web server:   shop, where registered users can purchase items paid forums on-line task management systems that users (customers) purchase subscription access to   It seems to me, that it is not legal (or at least not economical), since according to my understanding of Microsoft's licensing terms:   I need to purchase CALs for each non-anonymous user accessing the s.c. web workloads all users authenticating by any means (not necessarily Windows accounts) are considered non-anonymous thus I would need like thousands of CALs for each potential user of i.e. forum (or purchase External Connector license, but I am not sure whether this is available for Windows Server 2012)   On the other hand, the discontinued Windows Web Edition (which license include s.c. "CAL waiver") made no restrictions on whether the web-workload users where non-authenticated or authenticated ones. So maybe my understanding is wrong, and CALs/EC are not required for authenticated users accessing web-workloads only?  Reference information:          Question 2: If not - is SPLA a solution in this scenario?  If I license Windows Server through SPLA - is scenario described above legal?  Question 3: Is Essentials edition less restrictive since it does not require CALs?  Windows 2012 Server Essentials does not require CALs, but is limited to 25 users. Is this legal or technical limit? Would Essentials edition be valid in scenario described above?
This is a  about Licensing.    Questions on licensing are off-topic on Server Fault.  If your question has been closed as a duplicate of this question, then this is because we want to help you understand why licence questions are off topic rather than just telling you "it just is". In all likelihood, this question will not address your question directly, it was not meant to.    I have a question regarding software licensing. Can the Server Fault community please help with the following:   How many licenses do I need? Is this licensing configuration valid? What CALs do I need to be properly licensed? Can I run this product in a virtual environment? Can I downgrade this product to an earlier version? Am I entitled to feature X with license Y?
It's fairly straight forward to fix up a single orphaned SQL user to a login using:     EXEC sp_change_users_login 'Auto_Fix', 'user'   I could script this, but is there an existing stored procedure which automatically tries to fix up every orphaned user in a given database? Launchers for installed snap applications (including Ubuntu Software) disappeared after installing GNOME Software Unknown Column In Where Clause My opponent casts , which resolves, then he attacks with his creatures.  In my hand, I have a creature card with Flash. If I summon this creature before the declare blockers step, will it be affected by Predatory Rampage's blocking requirement? How to start Skype 4 with Ubuntu 12.10? I've installed Skype and it's running all OK but I want it to start automatically when I log with my user.  How can I do that? Diagonal lines in table cell I need this table:    (each row and column should have the same height and length, last cell should be divided by diagonal line). I tried the following code:  \documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{array} \usepackage{makecell} \newcolumntype{x}[1]{&gt;{\centering\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}} \begin{document} \setlength{\extrarowheight}{0.1cm} \begin{tabular}{|x{0.5cm}|x{0.5cm}|x{0.5cm}|x{0.5cm}|x{0.5cm}|}\hline &amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;20\\ \hline &amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;30\\ \hline &amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;45\\ \hline 15&amp;12&amp;18&amp;50&amp;\diaghead(-3,2){\hskip \hsize}{$a_i$}{$b_j$}\\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{document}   but text in the last cell is displayed incorrectly and cells are not the same.     How can I change that? "media change: please insert the disc labeled" when trying to install Ruby on Rails Now that Unity is gone, the usual way of setting a Compose Key (via Keyboard Preferences > Layout) no longer works (because in Ubuntu 18.04, Devices > Keyboard has no Layout tab).  How do we set a Compose Key in Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver? Convert timestamps with offset to datetime obj using strptime Invocable method Apex class is not visible in Process builder Which configuration of armor enchantments gives maximum protection? Prior to 1.4.6 it was a well known fact that the protection enchantment on armor was strictly superior to the other enchantments and that simply having a few pieces with protection III/IV would max out this protection, leading to the best possible set of armor.  Now that this has , however, I'm curious to see if anyone has analysed what the optimal armor configurations now are?  Presumably it will be some combination of protection enchantments and other enchantments, going by the description of how enchantments work now on the wiki.  Or, are we forced to choose one or more types of protection to max out?  (This would be the case if there are not enough total enchantments possible to max out all areas).  If this is the case, it would be great to see some analysis of how to optimise that choice as well.  I've looked around but haven't found any good mathcrafting on this question yet.  Furthermore, beyond protection against taking damage, can someone include some explanation of the hidden utility bonuses?  For instance, Blast Protection has been described in wiki sources as reducing the knockback effects from explosions, and Fire Protection is described as reducing burn time.  Do these effects scale and max out at some enchantment level, and does Projectile Protection similarly reduce the knockback effect from projectiles? Zero to the zero power – is $0^0=1$? Enable Careers and Jobs in app How can I safely create a nested directory in Python? How do I remove hidden backup files? I have files ending in ~ in my home directory, and I want to delete them. How do I do that? How do I prevent this backup functionality? Teleporting a player from the overworld to the end Is there any way to teleport a player from the overworld to the end?   Or a way of teleporting a player to a random enderman in the end? What are SPF records, and how do I configure them? This is a  about setting up .     I have an office with many computers that share a single external ip (I'm unsure if the address is static or dynamic). Each computer connects to our mail server via IMAP using outlook. Email is sent and received by those computers, and some users send and receive email on their mobile phones as well.  I am using  to generate an SPF record and I'm unsure about some of the fields in the wizard, specifically:   Enter any other domains who may send or relay mail for this domain Enter any IP addresses in CIDR format for netblocks that originate or relay mail for this domain Enter any other hosts which can send or relay mail for this domain How stringent should SPF-aware MTA's treat this?   the first few questions i'm fairly certain about... hope i have given enough info. Will there be data loss if I upgrade? I guess that energy will be used up and, at the end, will contribute to heat the earth, so I see no big differences...  please explain your point of view. Any open subset of $\Bbb R$ is a countable union of disjoint open intervals Let $U$ be an open set in $\mathbb R$. Then $U$ is a countable union of disjoint intervals.    This question has probably been asked. However, I am not interested in just getting the answer to it. Rather, I am interested in collecting as many different proofs of it which are as diverse as possible. A professor told me that there are many. So, I invite everyone who has seen proofs of this fact to share them with the community. I think it is a result worth knowing how to prove in many different ways and having a post that combines as many of them as possible will, no doubt, be quite useful. After two days, I will place a bounty on this question to attract as many people as possible. Of course, any comments, corrections, suggestions, links to papers/notes etc. are more than welcome.