When I plug my flash drive in the USB I get the message that I have to Format the disk in order to use  it. Does that  mean that I have already lost all of my data?
I have a USB flash drive which is no longer recognized by my computer. Windows Disk Management and DiskPart report No Media with no storage space (0 bytes) on the drive and I cannot partition or format the drive:     If the drive appears in Windows Explorer, trying to access it returns an error message indicating that there is no disk inserted, such as the following:     Please insert a disk into drive X:.   Various disk partitioning and data recovery utilities don't recognize the drive or only give a generic name for the drive and cannot access the contents of the drive.  What can I do? How do I recover data from the drive?     This question comes up often and the answers are usually the same. This post is meant to provide a definitive, canonical answer for this problem. Feel free to edit the answer to add additional details.
Factorial of 0 - a convenience? If I am correct in stating that a factorial of a number ( of entities ) is the number of ways in which those entities can be arranged, then my question is as simple as asking - how do you conceive the idea of arranging nothing ?   Its easy to conceive of a null element in the context of arrays, for example - so you say that there is only one way to present a null element.   But, in layman terms - if there are three humans $h1, h2, h3$ that need to be arranged to sit on three chairs $c1, c2, c3$ - then how do you conceive of a) a null human, and b) to arrange those ( that ? ) null humans ( human ? ) on the three chairs ?   Please note that referral to humans is just for easy explanation - not trying to be pseudo-philosophical. Three balls to be arranged on three corners of a triangle works just fine. So basically, how do you conceive of an object that doesn't exist, and then conceive of arranging that object ?  So, in essence ... is $0! = 1$, a convenience for mathematicians ? Not that its the only convenience, but just asking. Of course, there are many.  If yes, then its a pity that I can't find it stated like so anywhere.  If not, then can anybody suggest resources to read actual, good proofs ? My significant other and I finish our master degrees at the same time and thus we are applying for PhD programmes at the same time. One major factor of accepting a potential offer would be if we could study at the same university, so I feel that mentioning a two-body problem would be advantageous for both, us and the admission committee. But where do I mention this? Is a line in the statement of purpose suitable here?     If you admit me, please also consider admitting my significant other Jane Roe.   Some additional information: We both do research in computer science. While I do research in natural language processing my partner does research in computer vision. Meaning of $\int\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}^4x$ What the following formula mean?  $$\int\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}^4x$$  I know that this $\int f(x)\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}x$ is the integral of the function $f$ over the $x$ variable, but the following $\int\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}^4x$ leave empty the argument and also have the $\mathrm{d}$ elevated to the fourth power. What that mean?  Update.  In the Einstein-Hilbert action we have (note that I have understand that the other parts of the integral are relevant only after your answers, thus sorry.):  $$S=\frac{c^4}{16\pi G}\int\mathop{}\!\mathrm{d}^4x \, \ R \sqrt{-g}$$ Why is it that we have to use the gerund form for the first example? I have been told that it is not grammatical to use the infinitive form.  For some verbs, it's okay:     I wanted to study English.   I had to study English.   I needed to study English.   I tried to study English.   I traveled to study English.   But, for some verbs, it's incorrect:     I ended up to study English.     Why is that the case? What does !function ($) { $(function(){ }) }(window.jQuery) do? Incompatible pointer type initializing 'CustomCellView *' with an expression of type UItableViewCell Reference Books on Cryptography About big parenthesis larger than Bigg Get full URL (including querystring) from an apex REST endpoint input() error - NameError: name '...' is not defined I am looping over the features of a shapefile containing multiple polygons. If  certain criteria are met, I want to save the current feature in a new shapefile.  I am doing this using GDAL 1.10.0 with Python 2.7.3  The code runs, creates the files I want, calculates the area correctly. In the shapefile that is created, the attribute table contains the propoer fields ('name' and FID). Two things are wrong:   No polygons are visible (in ArcMap). This seems to me particularly weird, because the polygons seem to me proper, in the sense that they are closed (and the area is calculated properly).  The coordinate system seems off (in Arc Catalog there appears in the bottom -20,9667 0,0000 (are these degrees??)), despite the fact that I am creating a projection file (they are in German national grid 3)   Any hints as to what the problems could be? I tried to put the relevant excerpt of the code below:  from osgeo import gdal, gdalnumeric, ogr, osr, gdalconst  ### prepare shapefile into which to save driver = ogr.GetDriverByName('ESRI Shapefile') path_matched = r'.../.../path' datasource = driver.CreateDataSource(path_matched) lyr_matched = 'matched_%s' % cur_id  # from above # Remove output shapefile if it already exists name_shpfile = lyr_matched + '.shp' if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path_matched, name_shpfile)):     driver.DeleteDataSource(os.path.join(path_matched, name_shpfile)) layer = datasource.CreateLayer(lyr_matched, geom_type=ogr.wkbPolygon) #layer.ResetReading() field_name = ogr.FieldDefn("name", ogr.OFTString) layer.CreateField(field_name)  ### prepare file in which I want to write the areas of matched polygons path_area = path_matched file_area = 'matched_area_%s.txt' % (cur_id) fobj_area = open(os.path.join(path_area, file_area), 'w')  ### original shape file containing all polygons shp = ogr.Open(shp_all)  # os fobj from above lyr = shp.GetLayer()  # loop over polygons in original shameful for FID in featList:     feat = lyr.GetFeature(FID)      # this is from the shapefile      cur_name = feat.GetField(1)      # ... work on conditions ...      if condition = true:         myPoly = ogr.Geometry(type=ogr.wkbPolygon)         cur_poly = feat.GetGeometryRef()         myPoly.AddGeometry(cur_poly)         cur_spat_ref = cur_poly.GetSpatialReference()          cur_area =  cur_poly.GetArea()         cur_area_string = "%s \t %f \n" % (gw_name_EZG, cur_area)         fobj_area.write(cur_area_string)          featur_dfn = layer.GetLayerDefn()         feature_abc = ogr.Feature(featur_dfn)         feature_abc.SetGeometry(myPoly)         feature_abc.SetField("name", cur_name)         feature_abc.SetFID(FID)         layer.CreateFeature(feature_abc)         myPoly.Destroy()         feature.Destroy()   # generate projection file prj_filename = lyr_matched + '.prj' file = open(os.path.join(path_matched, prj_filename), 'w') targetSR = cur_spat_ref targetSR.MorphToESRI() file.write(targetSR.ExportToWkt()) file.close()   datasource.Destroy() Why have we chosen our number system to be decimal (base 10)? After learning about the binary number system (only 2 symbols, i.e. 0 and 1), I just thought why did we adopt the decimal number system (10 symbols) after all?  I mean if you go to see, it's rather inefficient when compared to the octal (8 symbols) and the hexadecimal (16 symbols)? How do you delete untracked local files from your current working tree? How to get Debian codename without lsb-release I am trying to create a script that requires me to print the debian codename so that I may echo it into the sources.list file.  I am trying to make this script work across any version of Debian, so I had hoped to set a bash variable of the release codename. This would be simple to do (with lsb_release -c), however our deployment images do not contain lsb_release by default - and with this script being required to fix the sources.list, installing lsb-release with apt-get would not be an option.  I have found numerous ways to get the release number and other info about the system, but cannot find a reliable place to get the codename.  Any ideas would be greatly appreciated!  (OS I am testing this with is Debian Squeeze) Mrs Reed safe combination Mrs Reed forgets the number combination to her safe. The combination has $4$ numbers each is a $1$ digit number. The $4$ digits add up to $10$ and there are no zeros. How many times does Mrs Reed have to try to open her safe?  My attempt: ${9 \choose 3} = 84$ but the answer is $80$. Why is "what can I ask about here" not the first entry in the help center? On a lot of sites, the first section of the Help Center looks like this:    When I go to a site's help center it's almost always to find out what's on-topic there, because I'm considering asking or migrating a question.  Leading with what not to ask seems odd to me, and I suspect that to someone not already familiar with SE it could be a little off-putting.  It's not always like this, though; here on MSE we get this, which I've seen on some other sites too:    That ordering makes a lot more sense to me.  It's also consistent with the tour.  (Maybe "how do I ask a good question?" should also be "above the fold", in the top five somewhere.)  Why the difference?  Can we either make the order consistent across the network and more logical, or give users or moderators the ability to change the order on their sites? How do I set up new users with skel i have on my server a settings i use for all my users. every time i create a new user i have to copy all the settings over and over.  for example:   .vimrc. .profile .bashrc firefox homepage to our intranet evolution settings (server and username) etc...   i saw skel can do it, is there a easy way to setup a user with my settings when i adduser?  thanks How do I add polygons to fill a face? trying to recreate this Elijah bottle. I have two sides, one of which is outlined in red. How do I fill that face with polygons so I can then grab the center (that red square dot) to pull it outward thereby creating the slight outward bowing of the bottle? Is the consciousness currently in oneself the same the the consciousness that used to be or in the future will be in oneself? People seem to believe that one's consciousness is a "different" consciousness than that of others, but the "same" consciousness as the one that has been in one's body in the past and the one that will be in one's body in the future. How likely is this to be true and why?   Also, I have almost no knowledge about neuroscience, so please refrain from using neuroscience jargon if feasible. Infinite-Scroll Plugin and Jetpack Infinite Scroll Plugin - Adding to "Thoughts" Theme How do I enable infinite scroll (either with the infinite-scroll plugin OR the built in infinite scroll jetpack) on the "Thoughts" Wordpress theme?  I'm a total noob at editing this stuff so if you are kind enough to help please keep it very simple as if I do not know anything.