I've used the form &quot;XX00s&quot; to mean a century, as in How poverty affected Britain in the late 1800s or In the 1600s the tensions between the crown and parliament came to a head And I use &quot;XXX0s&quot; to mean a decade, as in The 1990s saw two wars This is fine until I need to refer to the first decade of a century. In the 1800s could mean 1800-1809 or 1800-1899 according to my usage. What is the correct meaning of &quot;In the 1600s&quot;? I checked the Chicago Style Guide but it doesn't clarify this case. And Wikipedia disambiguates both meanings:
If I wanted to say something occurred occurred between 1627 and 1629, I would use &quot;the late 1620s&quot;. However, if I wanted to say something occurred between 1607 and 1609, I couldn't use &quot;the late 1600s&quot; because that would imply it occurred between 1670 and 1699.
How do I get my C# program to sleep for 50 milliseconds?  This might seem an easy question, but I'm having a temporary brain failure moment! A question about a primitive root mod $p=2^{2^k}+1$, where $p$ is prime. How to toggle Scroll Lock in Excel 2010 without a Scroll Lock key in the keyboard I have a notebook with no Scroll Lock key (or any shortcut using the 'Fn' key).  Somehow Excel 2010 got the Scroll Lock on. I see it left down in the status bar and now I can't navigate through cells using the arrow keys, which is pretty annoying. It wasn't turned on some hours ago, so I think I must have hit some Scroll Lock toggle shortcut in Excel 2010 by mistake.  Anyone knows what hot to turn off Scroll Lock in Excel (shortcut or menu option)? Which statistics to use? Why do same/opposite electric charges repel/attract each other, respectively? Sometimes when attempting to capture a Pokémon, the mon will be wiggling in the ball and the app will disconnect from servers (for mobile connection reasons or whatever), and I'll be left staring at a ball containing Schrodinger's Pokémon. I'll sigh at the loss (or in the case of a 500CP Pinsir, scream in agony), and reload the game.  I thought maybe encounters in general couldn't handle disconnecting well, but sometimes immediately after a Pokémon broke free of a ball, the little icon in the upper left would appear, the game would stall for a bit, but it would recover.   Is there anything I can do to avoid this? Should I be waiting it out, instead of reloading?  (and before anyone says it, yes I have filed a bug report) Compare nullable types in Linq to Sql I have a Category entity which has a Nullable ParentId field. When the method below is executing and the categoryId is null, the result seems null however there are categories which has null ParentId value.  What is the problem in here, what am I missing?  public IEnumerable&lt;ICategory&gt; GetSubCategories(long? categoryId) {     var subCategories = this.Repository.Categories.Where(c =&gt; c.ParentId == categoryId)         .ToList().Cast&lt;ICategory&gt;();      return subCategories; }   By the way, when I change the condition to (c.ParentId == null),  result seems normal. What are the strategies for getting feedback on articles? As an academic, one has to publish. Often, an article is drafted, and you need feedback of a colleague.  I see that quite often some perspective articles are often written by long-term collaborating pairs of authors.  What are some strategies people use to get feedback on their articles  (outside of immediate boss; and in the case that none of the friends in the field of work in the specific domain of the article, and one needs specific (not general) feedback)?   How do you approach a colleague to simply read your article. Or do you just mention it at a conference to the most suitable colleague - would you like to read an article and give me feedback? How do handle the co-authorship or acknowledgement? Do you establish the limits at the "approach time"?  What are some strategies to establish a "publishing" duos (buddies). What are reaching fouls in the NBA? When a player tries to steal the ball from a dribbling player, the referees sometimes award a "reaching foul". I just can't see any difference between a steal and a foul What is the "last" data that get's backed up, when running pg_dump on a live server? I'm wondering: If I start doing a pg_dump of a very large database (it would take hours), that is still running actively receiving writes, what is then the last data that goes into the backup? Is it:   The data as-it-was, at the point in time where the pg_dump command was initiated. The last changes that it encountered at some point where it was dumping that individual record. Something else.   Bonus question: If I'm trying to dump a database as part of trying to rescue it from corrupt data, will it then make any difference whether I use the directory format or the custom format? One time pad: why is it useless in practice? The symmetric cryptosystem one-time pad (OTP) seems to be very beautiful since it is perfectly secret according to Shannon. Many books, however, point out the main drawback: one must create a secret key the same length as the plaintext. For this reason, the concept of perfect secrecy has these days been abandoned, and we prefer other cryptosystems.   Now, for example, suppose I want to encode my text message with the ASCII scheme, and moreover suppose that this plaintext is 10 gigabytes long, therefore (using an OTP) the key must be the same length, 10 gigabytes. I think, however, this is a ''sustainable price'' because I'm sure that the ciphertext can't be attacked.  Practically, I don't understand why having such long keys with an OTP is a big disadvantage if we reach "the dream"-- namely, perfect secrecy. Nowadays the storage of information is very easy, so what is the real problem? I can, for example, share the "long key" in person. Mrs Reed safe combination Mrs Reed forgets the number combination to her safe. The combination has $4$ numbers each is a $1$ digit number. The $4$ digits add up to $10$ and there are no zeros. How many times does Mrs Reed have to try to open her safe?  My attempt: ${9 \choose 3} = 84$ but the answer is $80$. script to count files in a directory Detecting significant predictors out of many independent variables In a dataset of two non-overlapping populations (patients &amp; healthy, total $n=60$) I would like to find (out of $300$ independent variables) significant predictors for a continuous dependent variable. Correlation between predictors is present. I am interested in finding out if any of the predictors are related to the dependent variable "in reality" (rather than predicting the dependent variable as exactly as possible). As I got overwhelmed with the numerous possible approaches, I would like to ask for which approach is most recommended.    From my understanding stepwise inclusion or exclusion of predictors is  E.g. run a linear regression separately for every predictor and correct p-values for multiple comparison using FDR (probably very conservative?) Principal-component regression: difficult to interpret as I won't be able to tell about the predictive power of individual predictors but only about the components.  any other suggestions? Maximum number of threads per process in Linux? When is it a good idea to let an academic department (or a professor) know that I have Asperger's (or ADD)? With Asperger's, the trick is always when to explain it (in a non-awkward situation). I'd like to avoid mentioning it if possible, but it has gotten to the point that I only mention it after committing a major social faux pas, in which case it might be seen as an excuse.  With ADD, this is an issue that happens when people explain things to me. I often don't parse things very well when they're communicated to me verbally since I do have attention lapses. That's the major issue, anyways.   With that said, I do (indirectly) imply that I have both diagnoses on my personal website. I have read many post about updating an iPad 1 (iOS 5.1.1) to iOS 8 but all I need at the moment is to update my iPad 1 to at least iOS 6. Is there any way I can update it to iOS 6? No jail breaking or anything, just a normal way of updating. Google Mobile Friendly test shows "other error" for resource loads I get the error "Couldn't load 23 page resources" when doing the mobile friendly test at     However, the error message is (the rather unfriendly) "Other error."  When I visit the site in Chrome using Developer Tools and setting the device toolbar to "Responsive," it works fine with no errors, and when I go the Google Search Console and do Crawl->Fetch As Google, I get no errors. Show every nonempty compact Hausdorff space is not the countable union of nowhere dense sets I know this proof is somewhat similar, or related to the Baire's Category Theorem but I can't seem to figure out how to do it.  The Baire Category theorem asserts that if X is a complete metric space or a locally compact Hausdorff space (my case), then the complement of a countable union of nowhere dense sets is always nonempty.  How can I use this on the proof? When incident light passes through a hydrogen gas, for example, does it have 50% chance (since it's a 1:1 ratio of protons to electrons) of getting absorbed by the proton? Any chance at all? If no, why not? Does a proton have a "bandgap"? If yes, what happens when a photon is absorbed by a proton?