Why are corticosteroids used to treat Covid-19 I read an  on the BBC which said that corticosteroids where used to treat Covid-19 patients in India. Later they changed the word corticosteroids into steroids and they added that they were used to reduce lung inflammation. I didn't know what corticosteroids were so I checked on Wikipedia, where I also found this , which repeats from another source that corticosteroids where used to treat Covid-19 patients. As far as I understood corticosteroids are immunosuppressors, therefore I cannot understand why they are used to threat a viral infection. Isn't there a more appropriated treatment to reduce lung inflammation in such cases? There is another question about corticosteroids and covid-19, but it asks something different:
Why do corticosteroids harm COVID-19 patients? states that steroids could do more harm than good in treating coronavirus (COVID-19), referring to .      Understanding the evidence for harm or benefit from corticosteroids in   2019-nCoV is of immediate clinical importance.   It's unclear to me how exactly the use of corticosteroids (which is a common treatments for Asthma patients) can do harm other than the vague explanation of "steroids also impair the immune system's ability to fight viruses".   How exactly does the use of steroids harm the body in case of fighting a virus such as SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) that causes COVID-19?
$\gcd(a,b,c)=\gcd(\gcd(a,b),c)\,$ [GCD Associative Law] How do I apply differential cryptanalysis to a block cipher? I have read a lot of summaries of block ciphers particularly with regards to the NIST competitions stating that reduced-round block ciphers are – for example – vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis.  I have a general idea that the application of differential cryptanalysis is to look at the difference between inputs;  makes that fairly clear. However, I could take any two inputs for any given block cipher and I am pretty certain I'd be staring at random differences.    I am aware this is the idea of a well written block cipher; however, assuming a broken or vulnerable cipher (feel free to provide simple examples) how do I go about choosing differences to try?  Are there any clues in algorithm design that would inform a decision on which values to choose?  How does being vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis impact a cipher in the wild?  If all I have are differences between known plain-texts and known keys as my analysis and a captured ciphertext as my data to exploit, what can I actually deduce? Why can I not place a pregnant woman to work but others work while pregnant? I am playing Fallout Shelter, have 3 kids in my shelter, all going well, thought I would make one more kid with big strength numbers and decent agility/perception (kids take on SPECIAL stats from their parents). All the women who are pregnant work in my shelter, apart from this one. She can not me put to work, can not be moved from the living shelter, can not be moved to a job via the clipboard short cut.  TL;DR One of the NPC females who is pregnant can not be put to work, can not be moved from the living shelter room, she just walks about as if she is carrying a mammoth inside her. I have NOT moved the shelter, have not let the dad die, have not done anything at all. How do I prove equality of x and y? If $0\leq x,y\leq\frac{\pi}{2}$ and $\cos x +\cos y -\cos(x+y)=\frac{3}{2}$, then how can I prove that $x=y=\frac{\pi}{3}$? Your help is appreciated.I tried various formulas but nothing is working. Ohmic Heating in Wires please could someone tell me why Ohmic losses are always referred to as $I^2 R$ losses? Here is my problem. If the power coming from a power station is fixed then you can either deliver this power as high voltage, low current or high current, low voltage. But isn't $I^2R$ equal to $V^2 / R$, therefore if R is constant doesn't the power depend on the square of the voltage so surely it doesn't matter whether it is high voltage or high current. The only way I can reconcile this is that a high current must cause a greater heating effect than a high voltage. I can't figure why though. If this is the case then is there a reason why a high current causes more heating than a high voltage? How does the color of a car influence its inner temperature change over time when parked outside in windless, hot and sunny regions?  I know what's the common idea about that: black cars are supposed to build up high temperatures faster because black objects absorb radiations instead of reflecting them off. Is it true? And then, what happens during the steady state? Some claim the black car will stay hotter, some others claim it will be the same whatever the color. Do all cars have the same temperature inside in the long run, or are some of them hotter?  I've Googled it but the best I could find was . It claims to be based upon ~20 articles. But there's not even a mention of absorption or emission spectrums. A priori, a black car could absorb all visible radiations and emit it as infrared while reflecting all of the Sun's infrared. And it's still only qualitative. I've found nothing on Physics stackexchange, the closest being . How can I recover from a "AMD-Action:downloadProduct:SP" during installation of macOS? Just wiped my hard drive on my MacBook Pro from 2013. Went to install a new copy of MacOS Sierra. I get the following error:  AMD-Action:downloadProduct:SP   I looked online and tried change the date using the Utility Terminal and the following command:  date mmddHHMMyy   Then did   csrutil enable csrutil clear   Then I tried clearing the NVRAM using command + option + P + R on startup.  Still no luck. Still getting the same error message. Apple support told me to go to a "computer repair store".  Any advice? How to permanently set environmental variables My variables are   LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64   How to save these variables permanently ? I constantly see "everyday" being used in cases where the writer really means "every day". For example, here's a sentence from Google's eBooks documentation: "New titles are being added to Google eBooks everyday."  There is even a supermarket chain that has a large sign saying, "Low prices, everyday!"  Could someone, for the record, state the rule on this? If I have a Type C visa from the Norwegian embassy valid for February 9-28, and my Type D national visa from the German embassy valid from March 1 - August 31, 2017, do I need to leave/fly out of the Schengen area on the 28th and fly back on the 1st day of March? If $X,Y$ are independent $\chi ^2$ with $m$ and $n$ degrees of freedom, then $\frac{X}{X+Y} \sim\beta(m/2, n/2)$ I was reading  and I find the following problem: Let $X$ and $Y$ be independent $\chi ^2 $ with $m$ and $n$ degrees of freedom then $\dfrac{X}{X+Y} = \beta(m/2, n/2)$. Where $\chi^2(k)$ has density function $$f_{\chi^2(k)}(x)=\begin{cases}\displaystyle \frac{1}{2^{k/2}\Gamma(k/2)}\,x^{(k/2) - 1} e^{-x/2}&amp;\text{if }x&gt;0,\\ 0&amp;\text{if }x\le0 \end{cases} $$  I proved that $X+Y$ is $\chi ^2$ with $n + m$ degrees of freedom using the moment-generating function. If $Z=X+Y$ and $U=\dfrac{X}{X+Y}=\dfrac{X}{Z}$ using the formula for the density of the ratio of two independent random variables: $$f_U(u)= \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f_X(uv)f_Z(v)|v|dv $$  then  $$\dfrac{u^{m/2-1}}{2^{(m+n/2)} \Gamma(m/2) \Gamma((m+n)/2)} \int_0^{\infty} v^{m+\dfrac{n}{2}-1} e^{-(v/2)(u+1)}dv $$  and using some algebra:  $$f_U(u)=\dfrac{u^{m/2-1} \Gamma(m+n/2)}{\Gamma(m+n/2) \Gamma(m/2) (u+1)^{m+n/2}}$$  and this is not $\beta(m/2, n/2)$, it looks more like $\beta(m/2, m/2+n/2)$ but $(u+1)^{m+n/2}$ is causing troubles.  I need help if something is false or any hint. I am trying to do a new environment or command (i tried both) where i can put in the name, description and code of a Method in c++ and it gives me a new section with the MethodName, the code listed and the description below. But i am not able to use the listings environment in a new command or new environment.. Consider my MWE   \documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article} \usepackage{listings}  \newcommand{\method}[3] { \section{#1}\label{#1} \begin{lstlisting} #2 \end{lstlisting} #3 }   \begin{document}  \method{MethodName}{Method Void MethodName()}{Description of the Method blablabla}  \end{document}   How can I fix this?   I would prefer to do it using a macro since I don't need an ending. Consolidate tag wiki excerpt and body contents with regards to suggested edits At the moment, in major part because they are two separate post objects in the system, the excerpt and the body of a tag wiki count as two separate posts with regards to suggested edits in the queue. Mechanically, this is sane, but when it comes to handling the actual queue, it can be confusing. A body edit might consist of little more than a bed of links, which looks bad. But then an excerpt is shown that includes the rest of the data, and since excerpts can be included on the actual wiki page, it makes a lot more sense when they're taken in the same space.  And this is how they are composed, too. The actual edit interface for working on tag wikis has both the excerpt and the body on the same page. In a sense, the excerpt behaves a lot like the "title" of the wiki, if we make a parallel to normal post edits.  Thus, my suggestion (which is to say a suggestion that I repossessed from Robert Cartaino) is that when suggested edits are reviewed for tag wikis, that they be presented in a single unit, treating the excerpt the same as how a title is treated in a question edit. This way, relevant information that is crossed between the two isn't lost because they are reviewed separately. How do I center floated elements? Using sObject.get() to fetch a field value from a related parent object I have a contact in a generic sObject in apex and while I'm able to easily get detail field values using   sObject.get('MyContactField__c')  I'm not able to get fields off the related parent object, and I'm sure the related field is in memory, based on the debug logs. This returns a runtime error:  sObject.get('Account.MyAccountField__c')  with the error     Invalid field Account.MyAccountField__c' for Contact   How do I get a field value off of a parent on a generic sObject? How to avoid "completely" dark shadow using directional light (as Sun) ? Look at my scene:     Sun is rising and as you can see the scene is realistic; I mean, that what is in shadow is almost completely dark. This is correct, but i would like something less "dark", like an HDR.  These are some parameters i'm using:     This is my unique Light in scene (Sun):     I'm using also a Post-Processing profile with "Eye Adaption" unflagged.  Can you suggest me what i've to change to make my object affected by shadow less.. dark ?   Thanks If one uses Shadow Evocation on a willing ally (e.g. Telekinetic Charge) can they choose not to disbelieve? Shadow Evocation  Nondamaging effects have normal effects except against those who disbelieve them. Against disbelievers, they have no effect.  Disbelief  Creatures encountering an illusion usually do not receive saving throws to recognize it as illusory until they study it carefully or interact with it in some fashion. A successful saving throw against an illusion reveals it to be false, but a figment or phantasm remains as a translucent outline. A failed saving throw indicates that a character fails to notice something is amiss. A character faced with proof that an illusion isn't real needs no saving throw. If any viewer successfully disbelieves an illusion and communicates this fact to others, each such viewer gains a saving throw with a +4 bonus.  (my emphasis) Voluntarily Giving up a Saving Throw  A creature can voluntarily forego a saving throw and willingly accept a spell's result. Even a character with a special resistance to magic can suppress this quality.  If I understand the above correctly,  If the ally believes the caster actually cast Telekinetic Charge, it seems they get a save which they could forgoe and so be guaranteed the benefit of the spell. &gt;&gt; We're good here. If the ally knows the caster didn't cast Telekinetic Charge, (say because of a high Spellcraft check or because she knows the caster's spell list) they have proof that the illusion isn't real and so need no saving throw. &gt;&gt; Even though she &quot;needs no saving throw&quot;, can she still choose to forego the save and be effected by the spell?  In other words, I think the question boils down to: Does one always have a choice not disbelieve an illusion, even when one has proof that it's not real? Eclipse doesn't start on Ubuntu 18.04 I installed eclipse via Ubuntu Software. When I start it, it take some seconds and then comes an error window showing the path of the error.  The following is the .log file:  !SESSION Wed May 02 12:53:28 BRT 2018 ------------------------------------------ !ENTRY org.eclipse.equinox.launcher 4 0 2018-05-02 12:53:28.587 !MESSAGE Exception launching the Eclipse Platform: !STACK java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter     at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:466)     at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:566)     at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:499)     at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:626)     at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:584)     at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1438)     at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1414)   What is the problem and how can I fix it? Why can I only change my Stack Overflow name once every 30 days? I have a  on Stack Overflow. I recently decided to change the name on my profile. I did this, but I made a spelling mistake! I wrote "Kryton" instead of "Kryten"! When I tried to fix this, a message came back saying that I can only change my profile name every 30 days. Why? Is there any way I can fix my profile name? SEO and buying expiring or dropped domain Does it make any difference for SEO benefits to buy dropped and already available domains other than backorder domains that are expiring soon?  I heard somewhere that whois gets deleted after being dropped. But I didn't find any confirmation if it's true or not.  Anybody can tell me if there are benefits of one against the other, if yes what?