I have tried Ubuntu/Linux Mint/Fedora in an attempt to install Linux on my laptop. Each time I try, I get a black screen after trying the system equivalent of Try without installing on the bootable USB. I've tried this on a friend's computer (where it worked), so it seems to be an issue with mine specifically.  I have disabled safeboot, tried with legacy mode on and off. I have tried nomodeset replacing quiet splash or before it. None of these seems to have worked. I have put Linux on  before (Ubuntu specifically) but now I am having a very tough time with it.   This question is not a duplicate of  because as I have mentioned, I already tried the nomodeset option described, I also already tried secure boot off and legacy mode on/off. There's no error code and I don't get the first image shown in the first picture.
I am trying to boot Ubuntu on my computer.  When I boot Ubuntu, it boots to a black screen.  How can I fix this? Table of Contents:
Converting NumPy array into Python List structure? I've been trying to understand $\sigma$-algebras and how it encodes information in context of filtration. While certain parts seem clear and logical, I can't say I get the whole picture.  I'll try to explain the counter-intuition I get with the classical example of : the probability space $\Omega = \{ HH, HT, TH, TT \}$ and a r.v. $X(\omega)$ equal to the number of heads.  At times $0$, $1$ and $2$ the available information is represented using $\sigma$-algebras $\mathcal{F}_0=\{\emptyset,\Omega\}$, $\mathcal{F}_1=\{\emptyset, \Omega, \{HH,HT\},\{TH,TT\}\}$ and $\mathcal{F}_2=\{\emptyset, \Omega,\{HH,HT\},\{TH,TT\},\{HH\},\{HT\},\{TH\},\{TT\}\}$.  One can notice that $X(\omega)$ is not measurable with respect to $\mathcal{F}_0$ and $\mathcal{F}_1$, because $X^{-1}((\frac{3}{2}; +\infty))=\{HH\}$. To me it is quite surprising: intuitively $X$ makes perfect sense at all times. In particular it has an expected value at time $0$, which I interpret as that the probability and value of all outcomes $\{\omega\}$ can be computed. How do you think of a non-measurable function?  Here's another way of expressing the same confusion. The most natural choice of $\sigma$-algebra in a finite discrete case is $\mathcal{F}=2^\Omega$, and it is implicitly used in all elementary probability problems. However, this choice of $\mathcal{F}$ does not reflect the fact that some information is known or unknown, conditional probability does. Does it mean that the statement "$\sigma$-algebra is known information" make sense only in conditioning? Why is it convenient then? If $P(A \cup B \cup C) = 1$, $P(B) = 2P(A) $, $P(C) = 3P(A) $, $P(A \cap B) = P(A \cap C) = P(B \cap C) $, then $P(A) \le \frac14$ We have ($P$ is probability): $P(A \cup B \cup C) = 1$ ; $P(B) = 2P(A) $ ; $P(C) = 3P(A) $ and $P(A \cap B) = P(A \cap C) = P(B \cap C) $. Prove that $P(A) \le \frac{1}{4} $. Well, I tried with the fact that $ 1 = P(A \cup B \cup C) = 6P(A) - 3P(A \cap B) + P(A \cap B \cap C) $ but I got stuck... Could anyone help me, please? For starters I am using this GREAT answer to achieve custom post types as well as a custom way to insert those post types into other pages, you can view that answer here:   I am running into a problem however when wordpress auto saves itself, it clears whatever metadata i have put into the forms.  EXAMPLE:  I select the 3 drop downs I want from my metabox and hit update.  The page reloads and the 3 choices are still selected.  In phpMyAdmin i can look up the metadata and see the array in place as it should be.  I now wait for wordpress to auto save.  As soon as this happens i can either refresh the page (not update, just refresh) and the metadata is lost, or i can look up the metadata in phpMyAdmin and it will display nothing (ie: its gone).  I'm guessing that this has something to do with needing to tie into another hook (some sorta auto update hook) or something, but even then it doesn't make sense that it would actually delete your metadata (rather than just not auto updating it).  Last note: If you copy and paste Mikes code into functions.php, you should be able to recreate my error (in wordpress 3.1) very easy. Fixed page header overlaps in-page anchors Keyboard Shortcuts no longer working on GNOME 3.4.1 I have a text box that will have a currency string in it that I then need to convert that string to a double to perform some operations on it.   "$1,100.00" → 1100.00  This needs to occur all client side. I have no choice but to leave the currency string as a currency string as input but need to cast/convert it to a double to allow some mathematical operations. According to the Wikipedia article on  the sample SD   $$s = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n-1} \sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \overline{x})^2}$$  is a biased estimator of the SD of the population. It states that $E(\sqrt{s^2}) \neq \sqrt{E(s^2)}$.   NB. Random variables are independent and each $x_{i} \sim N(\mu,\sigma^{2})$   My question is two-fold:   What is the proof of the biasedness? How does one compute the expectation of the sample standard deviation    My knowledge of maths/stats is only intermediate. In Java, how do I call a base class's method from the overriding method in a derived class? I have two Java classes: B, which extends another class A, as follows :  class A {     public void myMethod() { /* ... */ } }  class B extends A {     public void myMethod() { /* Another code */ } }   I would like to call the A.myMethod() from B.myMethod(). I am coming from the , and I don't know how to do this basic thing in Java. Should Stack Exchange have a spam filter? (Does it already and I’m not aware?) Of course spam posts should be flagged, and if they come up in review, rejected.  Over on Mi Yodeya during the past 24 hours I’ve helped delete and reject four spam posts through the review queue, and I can only imagine that others were posted over the course of the night. To clarify, I’m referring to edits and answers that were about 99.274% words that I don’t think any decent person would use in everyday discussions, even if someone got them really angry.   Thing is, if the only thing we can do as a community is delete his posts/reject his edits, and as moderators to ban his account, can’t he just create a new account? Further, some of these posts . Maybe the mods can ban his IP address? I’m not one, so I have no idea what kind of power they wield in that respect. But he can always just get a new computer.   I don’t have the numbers to see what this is like on other sites, but I know this doesn’t happen often on Mi Yodeya. I wonder, then, whether this is the optimal solution, or whether an automatic spam filter be put into place - say, a new review queue that automatically deletes posts or rejects edits that can then be voted on whether to be reposted if it’s a false alarm. Perhaps it can be automatically triggered by certain keywords (like ****, %$#^, or @$+^).   Now, all of these posts that I voted to delete/reject came up in Suggested Edits and First Posts. Maybe such edits would show up in Low Quality in general, and that just wasn’t the case here because of precedence rules. I don’t know. But perhaps the above would be a better solution, if this is even as big of a problem as I’m making it out to be. If $A$ and $B$ are compact subsets of $\mathbb R$, then so is $\frac{A}B$. Given compact $A,B \subseteq \mathbb{R}$ with $\alpha := \inf(B) &gt; 0$, define $$\frac{A}B := \left\{\frac{x}y : x \in A  \text{ and } y \in B\right\}.$$ Show that $\frac{A}{B}$ is compact.  I am thinking of using the following result given in a previous exercice but I don't know how to proceed.     $K \subset \mathbb R^n$ is compact if and only if for all $\{x_{n}\}$ such that $\{x_{n} : n\in \{1,2,\dotsc\}\}\subset K$, there exists a convergent subsequence $\{{x_{\phi(n)}}\}$ that converges to a limit $l \in K$.   When does the infimum come into place? For integers $a$ and $b$, $ab=\text{lcm}(a,b)\cdot\text{hcf}(a,b)$ I was reading a text book and came across the following:  Important Results (This comes immediately after LCM:) If 2 [integers] $a$ and $b$ are given, and their $LCM$ and $HCF$ are $L$ and $H$ respectively, then $L \times H = a \times b$  Can some please help me understand why the above result is true? Thanks in advance. How Does The Debugging Option -g Change the Binary Executable? When writing C/C++ code, in order to debug the binary executable the debug option must be enabled on the compiler/linker.  In the case of GCC, the option is -g.  When the debug option is enabled, how does the affect the binary executable?  What additional data is stored in the file that allows the debugger function as it does? Show that when $BA = I$, the solution of $Ax=b$ is unique I'm just getting back into having to do linear algebra and I am having some trouble with some elementary questions, any help is much appreciated.  Suppose that $A = [a_{ij}]$ is an $m\times n$ matrix and $B = [b_{ij}]$ and is an $n\times m$ matrix and $BA = I$ the identity matrix that is $n \times n$.  Show that if for some $b \in \Bbb{R}^m$ the equation $Ax = b$ has a solution, then the solution is unique. Property of the conjugate transpose matrix with inner product Passing data between two controllers using storyboards How can I make Firefox open magnet-links in Transmission? I can't find out how to make Firefox open magnet-links in Transmission.   There is no option to make it the standard program for magnet-links in its properties, and as I am not experienced with the filesystem so I can't add it as the standard program in Firefox either. Should individual letters be preceded with "an"? I was reading a comic book and I noticed that the author used "an A" and "an N" in a particular phrase (screenshot below). While I understand the usage of "An A" here (A being a vowel and what not) and "N" having a pronunciation which has a sound similar to "A".  Since most of English alphabets have pronunciations which start with a syllable similar to one of the vowels or semi-vowels; is it OK to prefix the letters using "An"?  For eg. An X, or An Y.        Zenescope's Grimm Fairy Tales - Werewolves: The Hunger, page #8 (Click to enlarge) glBufferData not working outside main function warning message at command line `sudo` Everytime I try to sudo something at the terminal, I get a warning message:  alexandre@XPS-15Z $ sudo mount file.iso /mnt/ -o loop [sudo] password for alexandre:  no talloc stackframe at ../source3/param/loadparm.c:4864, leaking memory   It's just annoying to get that all the time. How do I solve that? I'm on Ubuntu 14.04 (upgraded from 13.10)