I tried without '0' and got error,Please explain it. getline(cin,str); int n=str[4]-'0';
24659
I have a string of digits, e.g. "123456789", and I need to extract each one of them to use them in a calculation. I can of course access each char by index, but how do I convert it into an int?  I've looked into atoi(), but it takes a string as argument. Hence I must convert each char into a string and then call atoi on it. Is there a better way?
4461
This prints 83  System.out.println(0123)   However this prints 123  System.out.println(123)   Why does it work that way?
84232
Alright, I think we all agree that what happens with the following code is undefined, depending on what is passed,  void deleteForMe(int* pointer) {      delete[] pointer; }   The pointer could be all sorts of different things, and so performing an unconditional delete[] on it is undefined. However, let's assume that we are indeed passing an array pointer,  int main() {      int* arr = new int[5];      deleteForMe(arr);      return 0; }   My question is, in this case where the pointer is an array, who is it that knows this? I mean, from the language/compiler's point of view, it has no idea whether or not arr is an array pointer versus a pointer to a single int. Heck, it doesn't even know whether arr was dynamically created. Yet, if I do the following instead,  int main() {      int* num = new int(1);      deleteForMe(num);      return 0; }   The OS is smart enough to only delete one int and not go on some type of 'killing spree' by deleting the rest of the memory beyond that point (contrast that with strlen and a non-\0-terminated string -- it will keep going until it hits 0).  So whose job is it to remember these things? Does the OS keep some type of record in the background? (I mean, I realise that I started this post by saying that what happens is undefined, but the fact is, the 'killing spree' scenario doesn't happen, so therefore in the practical world someone is remembering.)
114348
Problem Statement:- The number of zeroes at the end of the integer   $$100!-101!+\ldots-109!+110!$$   I am having a bit of a trouble in thinking how do I proceed. A little push in the right direction would be appreciated.   And if you are posting a full solution do use the spoiler tag, as sometimes I cant stop myself from seeing the whole solution and lose the chance of thinking through it by myself with a push in the right direction from you guys.  Also, I dont know whether I am using the right tag feel free to correct it if its wrong.
32772
In chapter 2, the section on bitwise operators (section 2.9), I'm having trouble understanding how one of the sample methods works.  Here's the method provided:  unsigned int getbits(unsigned int x, int p, int n) {     return (x &gt;&gt; (p + 1 - n)) &amp; ~(~0 &lt;&lt; n); }   The idea is that, for the given number x, it will return the n bits starting at position p, counting from the right (with the farthest right bit being position 0). Given the following main() method:  int main(void) {     int x = 0xF994, p = 4, n = 3;     int z = getbits(x, p, n);     printf("getbits(%u (%x), %d, %d) = %u (%X)\n", x, x, p, n, z, z);      return 0; }   The output is:     getbits(63892 (f994), 4, 3) = 5 (5)   I get portions of this, but am having trouble with the "big picture," mostly because of the bits (no pun intended) that I don't understand.  The part I'm specifically having issues with is the complements piece: ~(~0 &lt;&lt; n). I think I get the first part, dealing with x; it's this part (and then the mask) that I'm struggling with -- and how it all comes together to actually retrieve those bits. (Which I've verified it is doing, both with code and checking my results using calc.exe -- thank God it has a binary view!)  Any help?
7042
So I can start from len(collection) and end in collection[0].  I also want to be able to access the loop index.
57093
I think there's a lot for me to learn about data types. Why this happens  double result = ((3/8)*100).ToString();   it gives zero .. should be 37,5 ... :(
45967
I'm trying to make a simple blackjack program. Sadly, I'm having problems right off the bat with generating a deck of cards.  #include &lt;iostream&gt; #include &lt;vector&gt;  using namespace std;  int main() {     vector&lt;char&gt; deck;     char suit[] = {'h','d','c','s'};     char card[] = {'2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10','J','Q','K','A'};     for (int j=0; j&lt;13; j++) {         for (int i=0; i&lt;4; i++) {             deck.push_back(card[j] suit[i]);         }            }      return 0; }   I know my problem begins with me trying to assign the value '10' to a char. Obviously I couldn't get this to compile but I'm sure when I try to assign the card values to the vector deck I'll also get an error since I used variable type 'char'. Knowing what kind of variable type to use seems to be killing me. Also, would 'deck.push_back(card[j] suit[i]);' be the correct code to combine the card and suit, or do you have to put something between card[j] and suit[i]? I'd appreciate it if any of you could lead me in the right direction. Also as a little side note, this is part of a homework assignment so please don't just give me entire blocks of code. Thanks for your help.
9051
Check out the below program.   try {     for (String data : Files.readAllLines(Paths.get("D:/sample.txt"))){         String[] de = data.split(";");         System.out.println("Length = " + de.length);     } } catch (IOException e) {     e.printStackTrace(); }   Sample.txt:   1;2;3;4 A;B;; a;b;c;   Output:   Length = 4 Length = 2 Length = 3   Why second and third output is giving 2 and 3 instead of 4. In sample.txt file, condition  for 2nd and 3rd line is should give newline(\n or enter) immediately after giving delimiter for the third field. Can anyone help me how to get length as 4 for 2nd and 3rd line without changing the condition of the sample.txt file and how to print the values of de[2] (throws  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException)?
58926
in -> inner  out -> outer / (outter?)  What is the history or set of rules behind why 'inner' doubles the 'n' but 'outer' doesn't double the 't'?
32361
I have some numbers of different length (like 1, 999, 76492, so on) and I want to convert them all to strings with a common length (for example, if the length is 6, then those strings will be: '000001', '000999', '076492').   In other words, I need to add correct amount of leading zeros to the number.  int n = 999; string str = some_function(n,6); //str = '000999'   Is there a function like this in C++?
24951
I wrote a function in C that converts a string to an integer and returns the integer. When I call the function I also want it to let me know if the string is not a valid number. In the past I returned -1 when this error occurred, because I didn't need to convert strings to negative numbers. But now I want it to convert strings to negative numbers, so what is the best way to report the error?  In case I wasn't clear about this: I don't want this function to report the error to the user, I want it to report the error to the code that called the function. ("Report" might be the wrong word to use...)  Here's the code:  s32 intval(const char *string) {     bool negative = false;     u32 current_char = 0;      if (string[0] == '-') {         negative = true;         current_char = 1;     }      s32 num = 0;     while (string[current_char]) {         if (string[current_char] &lt; '0' || string[current_char] &gt; '9') {             // Return an error here.. but how?         }          num *= 10;         num += string[current_char] - '0';         current_char++;     }      if (negative) {         num = -num;     }      return num; }
111183
What is the purpose of the colon before a block in Python?  Example:  if n == 0:     print "The end"
14414
I am trying to convert an integer number in C into an array containing each of that number's digits  i.e.  if I have   int number = 5400   how can I get to   int numberArray[4]   where   numberArray[0] = 0; numberArray[1] = 0; numberArray[2] = 4; numberArray[3] = 5;   Any suggestions gratefully received.
4499
I'm trying to find a good way to print leading 0, such as 01001 for a . While the number would be stored as 1001, what is a good way to do it? I thought of using either case statements or if to figure out how many digits the number is and then convert it to an char array with extra 0's for printing, but I can't help but think there may be a way to do this with the printf format syntax that is eluding me.
23909
Looking for reviewers to suggest optimization and improvements, and to evaluate coding practices.  final class Variables {     private final int x;     private final int y;      Variables(int x2, int y2) {         this.x = x2;         this.y = y2;     }      public int getX() {         return x;     }      public int getY() {         return y;     }      @Override public String toString()  {          return "x = " + x + " y = " + y;     } }  public final class FindMissing {      private FindMissing() {};      /**  * Takes an input a sorted array with two variables that repeat in the  * range. Remaining variable are consecutive. and returns two variables that repeats  *   * eg: for a range of 1,2,3,4, a valid input is [1, 4], [1, 3] etc.  *   * @param a : the sorted array.  */ /*  * Why is start needed ?  * If start is not given then if a1 is empty how do we know if missing numbers were  * [1, 2] or [4, 5] ??.   */ public static Variables sortedConsecutiveTwoMissing (int[] a, int startOfRange) {     if (a == null) throw new NullPointerException("a1 cannot be null. ");      int low = startOfRange;     // calculating the highest value of the range. it needs to be 2 more than length since all elememts are consecutive.     int high = startOfRange + (a.length - 1) + 2;      int i = 0;     boolean foundX = false;     int x = 0;       while (i &lt; a.length) {         if (a[i] != low) {             if (foundX) {                 return new Variables(x, low);             } else {                 x = low;                 foundX = true;             }         } else {             i++;         }         low++;     }      return new Variables(x, high);  }  public static void main(String[] args) {         // unsortedConsecutiveTwoMissing         int[] a6 = {1, 4};         System.out.println("Expected 2 and 3, Actual " + sortedConsecutiveTwoMissing(a6, 1));         // unsortedConsecutiveTwoMissing         int[] a7 = {-4, -1};         System.out.println("Expected -3 and -2, Actual " + sortedConsecutiveTwoMissing(a7, -4));         int[] a8 = {-4, -3, -2, -1};         System.out.println("Expected 0 and 1, Actual " + sortedConsecutiveTwoMissing(a8, -4));         int[] a9 = {5};         System.out.println("Expected 4 and 6, Actual " + sortedConsecutiveTwoMissing(a9, 4));         }      }
30
The following code gives      [: -ge: unary operator expected   when   i=0  if [ $i -ge 2 ] then     #some code fi   why?