I am following a tutorial on youtube online and I noticed that the teacher    used ' before a value. like this:  (defvar *randomStuff* 'stuff)   all help will be appreciated
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After making it through the major parts of an introductory Lisp book, I still couldn't understand what the special operator (quote) (or equivalent ') function does, yet this has been all over Lisp code that I've seen.    What does it do?
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gained a reputation of painting red the draft dissertations of his students, taking particular note of incidents when they omitted a non-breaking space that should have been included.  I have this list of places where you have to place non-breaking space:   before \cite before \ref before inlined equation   But, I am not sure if I got the rules right; is a non-breaking space mandatory  before all inline equations? How about numbers which occur in the text? And what if I refer to a program variable, or to program text, for example,  The 371 programmers who read, on 11 different occasions, the Java program in Figure~\ref{Program:Example}  noticed that it is peculiar since parameter \texttt{i} is never read by functions \texttt{f()} and \texttt{thisLongFuncgtionName()}...   Do I have to write The 371 programmers or The~371 programmers? on 11 different occasions or on~11 different occasions?  Do I need to write parameter~\texttt{i}? I think I should. What about functions~\texttt{f()}? And should I write and~\texttt{thisLongFuncgtionName()}? How about citations that use author, year convention?  In short, I think have an idea, but no exact definition of when you should add non-breaking space.
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I have always wondered if, in general, declaring a throw-away variable before a loop, as opposed to repeatedly inside the loop, makes any (performance) difference?  A (quite pointless) example in Java:  a) declaration before loop:  double intermediateResult; for(int i=0; i &lt; 1000; i++){     intermediateResult = i;     System.out.println(intermediateResult); }   b) declaration (repeatedly) inside loop:  for(int i=0; i &lt; 1000; i++){     double intermediateResult = i;     System.out.println(intermediateResult); }   Which one is better, a or b?   I suspect that repeated variable declaration (example b) creates more overhead in theory, but that compilers are smart enough so that it doesn't matter. Example b has the advantage of being more compact and limiting the scope of the variable to where it is used. Still, I tend to code according example a.  Edit: I am especially interested in the Java case.
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I apologize in advance for any and all wrong use of terminology.  Consider a sentence of the form      The project was created to practice X and learn Y.   I believe the "practice X and learn Y" is a compound predicate and so there should be no comma before the "and". However, I get confused if X is a list. If I simply replace the X by "V, W, and X", I get      The project was created to practice V, W, and X and learn Y.   Is this correct? It looks strange to me, and I'm not so sure since the "X and learn Y" could be read as a single item? I was going to write a similar sentence, and I wrote it as     The project was created to practice V, W, and X, as well as to learn Y.   However, if the "as well as" is just a placeholder for "and", then isn't the comma before "as well as" wrong, since it "splits a compound predicate"?  Any help is appreciated. Thank you for your time and have a great day.
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I just came over this syntax in some of the questions in this forum, but Google and any other searchengine tends to block out anything but letters and number in the search so it is impossible to search out "=>".  So can anyone tell me what it is and how it is used?
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I am a little surprised by the following.  Example 1:  char s[100] = "abcd"; // declare and initialize - WORKS   Example 2:  char s[100]; // declare s = "hello"; // initalize - DOESN'T WORK ('lvalue required' error)   I'm wondering why the second approach doesn't work. It seems natural that it should (it works with other data types)? Could someone explain me the logic behind this?
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I have this:  function foo($a='apple', $b='brown', $c='Capulet') {     // do something }   Is something like this possible:  foo('aardvark', &lt;use the default, please&gt;, 'Montague');
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What I am thinking was I need two formulas, AX.p(X) => something AX.p(X) => ~ something   I guess something maybe is the p(x) and the other is ~p(x) since we was given EX.~p(x)..But actually it can't work for me. And I guess maybe is EX.~p(x) and ~EX.~p(x)..But if I am doing that then the it will go to deadend..so I give up..;(  Wish someone can help me.   For note about EE: 1: EX.p(X) 2: AX.(p(X) => something) 3: something EE1,2 But something cann't have the free variable from p..in this sample, then soemthing cannot including X..so if something is p(X) it cannot use EE, but if p(Y) then can use EE.
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I am reading Goodfellow's original  on GANs.  What I struggle to understand is his notation of the subscript in expected values.  $\mathbb{E}_{\boldsymbol{x} \sim p_{data}(\boldsymbol{x})}$ ....  If I understand it correctly then $\boldsymbol{x}$ is a realization of some random variable $\mathbf{x}$, but how can there be an expectation wrt. $\boldsymbol{x}$?  Or is $\boldsymbol{x}$ a random variable?  Thank you.  Edit: I do not think this is duplicate, as the referenced question does not answer what $\boldsymbol{x}$ means.
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Hey all I asked this over  =) and I got a good answer but I still have no idea whats going on. I want to know how the expression got to the answer and maybe the math behind how it was reasoned.. the steps if you would be so kind. The likelihood is I don't understand the equation.   I'm not a big maths person please be gentle :p     For all those playing along at home I'm reading Absolute Java 5th   Edition by Walter Savitch (Chapter 2 Page 66).      The Expression  double d = 12345.123456789; System.out.printf("START%12.5e END %n", d);       The Answer  START 1.23451e+04END       I understand the basic principles of this printf method's arguments   for example I know the '%' represents the start of the parameters.   '12' is the number of spacing, '.5' is the times the decimal point   will move.... I see the decimal point has moved 4 places towards the   left... can someone explain the principles of e-notation. Also how   this expression came to this answer =).      As far as e-notation go's its meant to be scientific notation;      So like 5.89e-4 would mean 0.000589 (move the decimal place if minus   left if not move the decimal place right).
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When looking in books or at sample code, I always see \documentclass appearing first. Is that absolutely necessary?  I have created some test code which seems to compile fine:  \def\SetClass{article} \documentclass{\SetClass} \begin{document}     This is some text. \end{document}   Is there any problem with placing other items, such as \input, \usepackage, or such details before the \documentclass?
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I wanted to suggest an edit for  given to , but it was denied because "Edits must be at least 6 characters."  However, given the edit I was suggesting is very important to the syntax of the solution, I think it is relevant even though it contains only 3 characters. See the answer posted by knittl and notice the variable $value is used as both function input and in the foreach loop. I simply suggested changing the function parameter's name to $values in the 3 locations it is used, but was denied, leaving the post incorrect.  Note: I do realize I could have suggested an entirely different variable name thus allowing the edit, but similar situations have arisen in the past where a simple fix of just a few characters make a significant difference. After all, Stack Overflow is a coding website and syntax is very important.
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The following code works:  \def \robble {robble} \def \robbles {\robble\robble}   But the following but doesn't:  \def \robbles {robble} \def \robbles {\robbles robble}   The overall goal is to get robbles to be robblerobble. I need something like the second example, where I am appending on to the current value of a variable. The way it is written right now causes a stack overflow. Is there a way to append to variables in LaTeX?
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Was there any reason why the designers of Java felt that local variables should not be given a default value? Seriously, if instance variables can be given a default value, then why can't we do the same for local variables?  And it also leads to problems as explained in :     Well this rule is most frustrating when trying to close a resource in a finally block. If I instantiate the resource inside a try, but try to close it within the finally, I get this error. If I move the instantiation outside the try, I get another error stating that a it must be within a try.      Very frustrating.
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I have this piece of code (summarized)...  AnsiString working(AnsiString format,...) {     va_list argptr;     AnsiString buff;      va_start(argptr, format);     buff.vprintf(format.c_str(), argptr);      va_end(argptr);     return buff; }   And, on the basis that pass by reference is preferred where possible, I changed it thusly.  AnsiString broken(const AnsiString &amp;format,...) { ... the rest, totally identical ... }   My calling code is like this:-  AnsiString s1, s2;     s1 = working("Hello %s", "World");     s2 = broken("Hello %s", "World");   But, s1 contains "Hello World", while s2 has "Hello (null)". I think this is due to the way va_start works, but I'm not exactly sure what's going on.
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The place is important for/to me.   I changed the variable for/to the project.   I can do to/for you.   In/for/to this project, I created a new method.      Does it mean any difference?  This bothered me many times.  Wish someone can answer.
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In , \@ is used after a period and before an \xspace, presumably to indicate that the preceding period (in "etc.") was not sentence-final.  In , \@ is used before a period and after capital letters, to indicate that the preceding capital letters are sentence final.  Since \@ is rather difficult to search for online, I thought I'd try to ask here: what exactly does \@ do, and how do you use it properly/consistently?  For instance, how should you input the following farcical sentence?     Languages like JS, HTML, etc. were not used by King Henry III.   EDIT: I'm accepting Barbara's answer below as it (and the comments on it) indicate the initial intent of \@: "the period which follows is sentence-final".  Its counterpart is \ &nbsp;(slash-space), which says "the period which precedes is sentence-medial".  Egreg's answer explains in far more detail exactly how \@ and \spacefactor work to cause the effects seen by \@ and \ &nbsp;after lower- and upper-case letters and punctuation.  Both are very helpful answers.  Two correct answers to my made-up sentence above is  Languages like JS, HTML, etc.\ were not used by King Henry III\@. Languages like JS, HTML, etc.\@ were not used by King Henry III\@.   The former is arguably "better style", while the latter demonstrably produces the correct result even if it seems less consistent about placement of \@ versus periods.  And a safe but slightly redundant answer blindly adds \@ before every comma:   Languages like JS\@, HTML\@, etc.\ were not used by King Henry III\@.   This last one is amenable to macro-izing: \def\acronym#1{\textbf{#1}\@\xspace} (or whatever style you'd prefer), where the \xspace disappears if the next character is punctuation, and the \@ ensures that subsequent punctuation thinks it follows a lowercase word and not an uppercase initial.