Every time I use sudo apt-get upgrade, I get errors with the linux-image-extra and linux-image-generic.   I am new to Ubuntu so I would like to know if these "image" files are the same as in Windows?  What is the problem with my system if these image files can not be upgraded?  Output from df -h  Filesystem                   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root  291G   16G  261G   6% / none                         4,0K     0  4,0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev                         1,4G  4,0K  1,4G   1% /dev tmpfs                        288M  1,2M  287M   1% /run none                         5,0M     0  5,0M   0% /run/lock none                         1,5G  216K  1,5G   1% /run/shm none                         100M   64K  100M   1% /run/user /dev/sda1                    236M  208M   16M  94% /boot /home/mama/.Private          291G   16G  261G   6% /home/mama   Link to paste.ubuntu.com: .
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My /boot partition is nearly full and I get a warning every time I reboot my system. I already deleted old kernel packages (linux-headers...), actually I did that to install a newer kernel version that came with the automatic updates.  After installing that new version, the partition is nearly full again. So what else can I delete? Are there some other files associated to the old kernel images?  Here is a list of files that are on my /boot partition:  :~$ ls /boot/ abi-2.6.31-21-generic         lost+found abi-2.6.32-25-generic         memtest86+.bin abi-2.6.38-10-generic         memtest86+_multiboot.bin abi-2.6.38-11-generic         System.map-2.6.31-21-generic abi-2.6.38-12-generic         System.map-2.6.32-25-generic abi-2.6.38-8-generic          System.map-2.6.38-10-generic abi-3.0.0-12-generic          System.map-2.6.38-11-generic abi-3.0.0-13-generic          System.map-2.6.38-12-generic abi-3.0.0-14-generic          System.map-2.6.38-8-generic boot                          System.map-3.0.0-12-generic config-2.6.31-21-generic      System.map-3.0.0-13-generic config-2.6.32-25-generic      System.map-3.0.0-14-generic config-2.6.38-10-generic      vmcoreinfo-2.6.31-21-generic config-2.6.38-11-generic      vmcoreinfo-2.6.32-25-generic config-2.6.38-12-generic      vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-10-generic config-2.6.38-8-generic       vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-11-generic config-3.0.0-12-generic       vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-12-generic config-3.0.0-13-generic       vmcoreinfo-2.6.38-8-generic config-3.0.0-14-generic       vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-12-generic extlinux                      vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-13-generic grub                          vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-14-generic initrd.img-2.6.31-21-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.31-21-generic initrd.img-2.6.32-25-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-10-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.38-10-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-11-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.38-11-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-12-generic  vmlinuz-2.6.38-12-generic initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic   vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic   vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-13-generic   vmlinuz-3.0.0-13-generic initrd.img-3.0.0-14-generic   vmlinuz-3.0.0-14-generic   Currently, I'm using the 3.0.0-14-generic kernel.
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I have seen and used all of these commands to upgrade packages on my system, but why are there different commands for this? Do they all not do the same thing? And if not, then in which situations would it be better to use a specific one of them?  These are the commands I mean:   sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get dist-upgrade sudo apt full-upgrade   I have already looked at this, but it does not answer my question about the command sudo apt full-upgrade:
88433
I'm new to Linux and wondered where I can get useful info so started here. 1st off can I use the same PICTURES, VIDEOS, MUSIC &amp; DOCS already on hard drive. I remember a window appearing during Linux installation saying it would require about 300gb for this, I clicked on OK but don't know how to get to them to appear.  Since this my hard drive has gone down by 300 odd gb?
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Every time update manager prompts an update I get a message saying that there is not enough space available, however  the partition with Ubuntu installed  has over 10 GB of free space available.  I'm lost as to what needs to be done.  df -h returns:  Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use%   Mounted on /dev/loop0            5.6G  5.1G  237M  96% / udev                  2.0G  4.0K  2.0G   1% /dev tmpfs                 786M  792K  786M   1% /run none                  5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock none                  2.0G  332K  2.0G   1% /run/shm /dev/sda6              20G  6.7G   13G  34% /host /dev/sda5             175G  120G   56G  69% /media/DATA   It would be great if someone could help me out on how to solve this problem. I'm a newbie to Ubuntu.
75024
When running apt full-upgrade or apt update I'm getting several logs that are more or less the same as this one, where there is an identical filesize, SHA1 and MD5 but different SHA256:   E: Failed to fetch store:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/jp.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_focal_main_binary-amd64_Packages.xz  Hash Sum mismatch    Hashes of expected file:     - Filesize:5826751 [weak]     - SHA256:af226b4496cbb524bd4814d102047ae77769836203274dffc91cb543d5da13cc     - SHA1:aef5c36ce45bd5c3154a1bb03c62b6cfb33e2bc6 [weak]     - MD5Sum:7ef83228ec207df10acac48fbdd81112 [weak]    Hashes of received file:     - SHA256:e2c7fc5a2d86f75f03612fec614dcf84d3d502976558fbe40928c1dd120bb05e     - SHA1:aef5c36ce45bd5c3154a1bb03c62b6cfb33e2bc6 [weak]     - MD5Sum:7ef83228ec207df10acac48fbdd81112 [weak]     - Filesize:5826751 [weak]    Last modification reported: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 16:40:26 +0000    Release file created at: Thu, 23 Apr 2020 17:33:17 +0000   Whereas others have the same MD5, but different SHA1 and SHA256:   E: Failed to fetch http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-5.4.0-29_5.4.0-29.33_all.deb  Hash Sum mismatch    Hashes of expected file:     - SHA256:edde13dcd52c51e2404d37731948d491e6e215b22f599239326809754f8d5633     - SHA1:3e46354d6aaa92f82d5392a80f6b72c3fcc78a91 [weak]     - MD5Sum:4ccf38c666c836f29fc3602314de47b9 [weak]     - Filesize:10936232 [weak]    Hashes of received file:     - SHA256:9af606f85850ba3010ac8743f62dca91bbef3e5e60da5a7df62dac53eb5a4fb7     - SHA1:61c842d896676ac9af0fef9f9f48bc4a3c39cce6 [weak]     - MD5Sum:4ccf38c666c836f29fc3602314de47b9 [weak]     - Filesize:10936232 [weak]    Last modification reported: Thu, 30 Apr 2020 08:23:38 +0000    This problem is similar to what is asked , and indeed I tried several of the solutions offered there (and elsewhere) but they did not help. However I am wondering specifically about why the SHA-1 and MD5Sum are identical, and only SHA256 is different. Does this mean that there is a security problem somewhere along the line? Or is my system reading SHA256 incorrectly? Something else?  Thanks
103373
Apt is seemingly unable to do anything useful for me, repeatedly giving messages of this form:  dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-server:  linux-server depends on linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:   Version of linux-image-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45.  linux-server depends on linux-headers-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:   Version of linux-headers-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45. dpkg: error processing linux-server (--configure):  dependency problems - leaving unconfigured   This is basically the same problem as  which got closed Duplicate to an answer that is totally useless for this situation.  None of the advice in  helps.    Explicitly:  sudo apt-get clean sudo apt-get autoclean sudo apt-get update   all have no not effect.  While  sudo apt-get -f install sudo dpkg --configure -a sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade sudo apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade   all give some form of the error message above.
105032
Installing something in windows takes a click of a button. But every time I try to install something in linux, which is not found in APT, I get so confused.   You download a zipped folder, then what? If you are lucky there is a README, refering to some documentation, which might help you, if you are lucky.   What is the magic trick when "installing" extensions and applications which aren't found in APT?   I love linux, but this problem haunts me every day.
110868
when i use command sudo apt-get install git it's return below erorrs and it's return for any application to install below :   Setting up util-linux (2.25.2-4ubuntu3) ... update-alternatives: error: cannot stat file '/usr/bin/nodejs': Too many levels of symbolic links dpkg: error processing package util-linux (--configure):  subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Errors were encountered while processing:  util-linux E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)   update with sudo apt-get update not working and report below erorr  Fetched 7,032 kB in 5min 32s (21.2 kB/s)                                        W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/paullo612/unityshell-rotated/ubuntu/dists/vivid/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found  W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/paullo612/unityshell-rotated/ubuntu/dists/vivid/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found  E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.   how can fix it ?
93555
A new version of Ubuntu has been released. I still can't find it on ubuntu.com. Where can it be downloaded from, or is it the only way to install it using update-manager to upgrade an existing installation?
16233
The Windows Installer for Ubuntu desktop instructions say that an ISO image for Ubuntu is downloaded during the installation process.  But what if I already have an ISO image for Ubuntu. Can I make the Windows Installer use that, so it doesn't have to download an ISO image again?  12.04 LTS and 12.10 are the versions of Ubuntu I'm interested in installing, in case that matters.
97053
It is not about the common download &amp; install thing, what apt (aptitude, etc) does, it is a scripted download a package file.  I found the dget tool for this task, which works quite well. But, unfortunately, it doesn't have any option to specify a different repository URL as it is given in the /etc/apt/sources.list.  Is it somehow possible? Actually, a dget-like functionality would be the best, but where I can also specify the repo URL.    P.s. thank you very much the scripts, but I would like to prefer a debian tool for this very simple task. It will be part of a buildscript, for external usage, and any unneeded complexity has intolerable collateral costs. It must be done by a debian tool.  P.s.2. Finally I solved this with updating the system-wide repos, and downloading the packages with dget. Thank you very much the scripts!
18128
I need a newer version of glibc in my ubuntu version (precise, 12.04), but I don't seem to be able to go beyond version 2.15 using apt-get.  I tried to compile it by myself but I almost destroyed my distribution, so I was wondering if someone has gone through this process successfully and would be so kind to guide me.
106640
I saw this answer - , but the getdeb links seem to be broken or gone.  I also tried the appImage file for Linux here - , but it would not execute at all. (I did set the file properties to "executable".)  Also no results on Ubuntu package search.  So is there any currently available solution to run this on 16.04?
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I know this is asked often but nothing seems to work for me. Every time I try to update I get the following:  sudo apt-get update Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg Get:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release                             Get:4 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release.gpg                          Get:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release                               Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release                                E: GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release: The following signatures were invalid: NODATA 1 NODATA 2   The only way I can successfully execute   sudo apt-get update   is by removing ALL software sources (which is pointless).  Regardless of whatever software source I use (official ubuntu or some other PPA) I get the same errors.  So far I have tried:   Changing the server from MAIN to some other . . . no joy   The suggested fixes from , , , and .   Nothing seems to work. It seems that all my key data is missing and I can't figure out how to get it back.  Any help would be very appreciated !
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I just read . It talks about downloading an AppImage.     Yes, Linux; the Linux packages is distributed as an .appimage for 32-bit and 64-bit distributions, and should run across all major Linux distributions without any issues. The team currently have no plan to provide a native .deb (or .rpm) installer.   What are AppImages? How do they differ from snaps?
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I would like to have  on my system but I would like to install it via apt-get. Is there a special package to install this?  Download link would be:
13808
I'm having some difficulties exactly understanding how the the whole update thing work in Ubuntu and good practice for installing software.  I understand I have a  /etc/apt/sources.list file where all my repositories are listed, and that these repositories are queried when I use apt-get update - to later be used with e.g. apt-get upgrade.  This makes perfect sense and I recently installed spotify by adding deb http://repository.spotify.com stable non-free to this "sources" list.    But then I got confused...  When I went to download Google Chrome I merely had to download and grab a .deb file, and Chrome installed with no problem... but I don't see any new entry in /etc/apt/sources.list...  So how does apt-get update know where to query concerning Chrome updates?  Has it somehow been added to one of the already listed repositories in the sources file?  I would like all my installed software to be encompassed by the update function.