I want to know the meaning of output text files of surface volume dialog box. For example, the file contains headers and numbers as below:  Dataset, Plane_Height, Reference, Z_Factor, Area_2D, Area_3D, Volume.  raster_to_tin, 50,00, BELOW, 1,000000, 385387,1505728, 414338,45311207, 4544086,3828428   What is the difference between Area_2D, Area_3D, and Volume?
124105
In dialog box of volume surface calculation and also in ASCII file there are 2 out come with names 2D Area and 3D Area. What is difference between these two numbers? What is included in 3D that is not in 2D? For example :   Plane_Height, Reference, Z_Factor, Area_2D, Area_3D, Volume  45,00, ABOVE, 1,000000, 644929,78213426, 716708,47208592, 17433798,859008   Note: Decimal point is  a comma.
113925
I am currently working with MapInfo files in the .tab format. I am using R (3.1.0 for Windows) to read and write files in this format, however, I am encountering an issue with writeOGR() from the rgdal package. When I write a MapInfo file in the .tab format, all the string fields are being assigned a width of 254 characters. This is very problematic for larger datasets with numerous string fields, as it dramatically increases the size of the output .dat file.  Below is an example:  require(rgdal) shape &lt;- readOGR(dsn = directory, layer = "Up") writeOGR(obj = shape, dsn = directory, layer = "Up2", driver = "MapInfo File")   Here's an excerpt from the original Up.tab file:  !table !version 300 !charset WindowsLatin1  Definition Table   Type NATIVE Charset "WindowsLatin1"   Fields 52     ID Integer Index 1 ;     unid_planejamento Char (4) ;     codigo2 Char (4) ;     descricao Char (100) ;   And one from my modified Up2.tab file:  !table !version 300 !charset Neutral  Definition Table   Type NATIVE Charset "Neutral"   Fields 52     ID Integer ;     unid_planejamento Char (254) ;     codigo2 Char (254) ;     descricao Char (254) ;   Note that all the string fields have now been assigned a width of 254 characters. I should also note that the .dat file has gone from 43KB to 93KB.  I understand there are some  when writing MapInfo files, however, it is not clear to me whether or not this can be resolved by somehow controlling the string field width.  I have searched for ways to do so using dataset_options and layer_options, but have not been successful.   Is there a way of controlling the string field width using writeOGR()? And if not, is there a way of using R to write a new .dat file (from my understanding, this is a dBase III DBF file) with the appropriate string widths?
60898
I know there are different ways of expressing sizes or dimensions in LaTeX such as points (pt), inches (in) and ex.  As some commands, such as \hspace , I would like to have a reference or complete list of possible dimensions or sizes including a description of what they mean.
34936
My issue is that I want to access the buffer data from python, pixel after pixel, for being able to use it for arbitrary computations. How can I achieve this?  (Please dont tell me about exporting to different kinds of formats like exr etc, because I want to do computations  in place).   Also I'm talking about blender 2.68 or higher.
72406
The volume of an $n$-dimensional ball of radius $1$ is given by the classical formula $$V_n=\frac{\pi^{n/2}}{\Gamma(n/2+1)}.$$  For small values of $n$, we have $$V_1=2\qquad$$ $$V_2\approx 3.14$$ $$V_3\approx 4.18$$ $$V_4\approx 4.93$$ $$V_5\approx 5.26$$  $$V_6\approx 5.16$$ $$V_7\approx 4.72$$ It is not difficult to prove that $V_n$ assumes its maximal value when $n=5$.   Question. Is there any non-analytic (i.e. geometric, probabilistic, combinatorial...) demonstration of this fact? What is so special about $n=5$? I also have a similar question concerning the $n$-dimensional volume $S_n$ ("surface area") of a unit $n$-sphere. Why is the maximum of $S_n$ attained at $n=7$ from a geometric point of view?   note: the question has also been  for those curious to other answers.
117979
From my understanding if the integrand is 1, then it gives you the volume of the region defined by the bounds. But what does the value of a triple integral represent if the integrand is a function for a surface in space?
91936
I wanted to ask in general what area under the graph means. Also which physical quantity is highlighted by area under distance vs time graph. I'm confused that area is a 2 dimensional concept and it may indicate distance or displacement, which are 1 dimensional quantities.
28865
When I used this piece down, I got.  \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{report} \usepackage[inner=0.75in,outer=0.65in,top=0.75in,bottom=0.75in]{geometry} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{url} \usepackage[sc]{mathpazo} %\usepackage{mathptmx} \usepackage{url} \usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace} \usepackage{parskip} \usepackage{paralist} \usepackage{multirow} \begin{document} \begin{table}[!htb] \centering \caption{Present Strength-Production} \begin{tabular}{|c|l|l|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{Sl.No} &amp;  \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Designation}}} &amp;  \multicolumn{4}{c|}{\textbf{Shifts}} &amp;\textbf{Leave/Off} &amp;  \multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Total}}\\ \cline{4-7} &amp; &amp; &amp;\textbf{A} &amp; \textbf{B} &amp; \textbf{C}&amp; \textbf{G}&amp;\textbf{Reserve}&amp;\\ \hline 1 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l|}{Plant Engineer} &amp; &amp; &amp; &amp; 1&amp; &amp; 1\\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{\textbf{Sub Total}} &amp; &amp; &amp; &amp; \textbf{1} &amp; &amp; \textbf{1}\\ \hline 2&amp;\multirow{2}{*}{Operator}&amp;Work related to water regeneration&amp;1&amp;1&amp;1&amp;&amp;1&amp;  4\\ \cline{3-9} 3&amp; &amp; Work related to valve control&amp; 1&amp;1&amp;1&amp; &amp;1&amp;4\\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{\textbf{Sub Total}}&amp;\textbf{2}&amp;\textbf{2}&amp;\textbf{2}&amp; &amp;\textbf{2} &amp; \textbf{8}\\ \hline 1 &amp; \multicolumn{2}{l|}{Worker} &amp;2 &amp; 2&amp; 2&amp; &amp; 2&amp; 8\\ \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{\textbf{Sub Total}} &amp;\textbf{2}&amp;\textbf{2}&amp;\textbf{2}&amp; &amp;\textbf{2} &amp; \textbf{8}\\ \hline \hline \multicolumn{3}{|l|}{\textbf{Total}} &amp;\textbf{4} &amp;\textbf{4} &amp;\textbf{4}  &amp;\textbf{1}&amp;\textbf{4} &amp; \textbf{17}\\ \hline \end{tabular} \label{tab:pro_pro} \end{table} \end{document}     Can anyone show me the right path?  Certain important things are   The starting place of Sub total and Total should be from the second column The vertical line in the Designation box Horizontal line between 2 and 3
121388
How can I get the details and transpose it to horizontal form? Every record ends after Couse. Couse will never be blank or null. Note: These four headers will be there for the below data: Name, City, Age, Couse If you see the second record, there isn't any &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;&quot; -&gt; missing so it should be null in place of that and the remaining will be appended after that with a pipe separated like this:     null                | Ors  | 11 | MB I have data like below in the demo.txt file &quot;Name&quot;:&quot;asxadadad  ,aaf dsf&quot; &quot;City&quot;:&quot;Mum&quot; &quot;Age&quot;:&quot;23&quot; &quot;Couse&quot;:&quot;BBS&quot; &quot;City&quot;:&quot;Ors&quot; &quot;Age&quot;:&quot;11&quot; &quot;Couse&quot;:&quot;MB&quot; &quot;Name&quot;:&quot;adad sf&quot; &quot;City&quot;:&quot;Kol&quot; &quot;Age&quot;:&quot;21&quot; &quot;Couse&quot;:&quot;BB&quot; &quot;Name&quot;:&quot;pqr&quot; &quot;Age&quot;:&quot;21&quot; &quot;Couse&quot;:&quot;NN&quot;  Expected Output: asxadadad  ,aaf dsf | Mum  | 23 | BBS null                | Ors  | 11 | MB adad sf             | Kol  | 21 | BB pqr                 | null | 21 | NN  I tried the below code: but not working my logic counter=0 var_0='Couse'   while read -r line     echo &quot;$line&quot;     counter=$(( counter + 1 ))     var_1=`echo &quot;$line&quot; | grep -oh &quot;Couse&quot;`     if [ $var_0 == $var_1 ]    then         head -$counter demo.txt &gt; temp.txt         sed -i '1,$counter' demo.txt         counter = 0    else         echo &quot;No thing to do&quot;    fi   done &lt; demo.txt
84370
, why is the surface area of a cube not equal to the derivative of its volume?  If you think about a sphere, it makes sense that the rate of change of the volume (with respect to $r$) yields the surface area ($SA$) = $\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}r} \frac{4\pi r^3}{3} = 4\pi r^2 $, because we are "skinning" on "layers" of sphere.  The surface area of a sphere is the rate of change of the volume of that sphere at radius R because an infinitely thin skin of sphere laid on top of the sphere is exactly the surface area.  So for a cube, you'd think the same thing.  But $V_{\text{cube}} = x^3$ and $SA_{\text{cube}} = 6x^2$, where you'd expect $SA_{\text{cube}}=3x^2$ if surface area were just the derivative of volume.  I think it has to do with the cube-side length growing on two sides (hence $2 \text{d}x$?) but I can't quite put my finger on it.
52005
Possible Duplicate:          when I type ls -la I get this familiar output...  drwxr-xr-x+  38 kent  staff       1292 Nov  6 11:09 . drwxr-xr-x    5 root  admin        170 Aug 14 14:11 .. -rw-r--r--@   1 kent  staff         16 Jun 18 14:13 .AB64CF89 -rw-------    1 kent  staff          3 May  5  2009 .CFUserTextEncoding -rw-r--r--@   1 kent  staff      15364 Nov  6 11:11 .DS_Store   my question is about the file settings on the far left eg:  drwxr-xr-x+   I know that the first char 'd' means directory. and the next 9 chars I understand as well (permissions) but what is the final char in this field? (empty or + or @ )
109693
What is the difference between \text, \textrm, \textnormal, and \mbox (and possibly other commands commonly used to produce text in math mode)?  Various (La)TeX tutorials teach different methods, and I am sure that there is either a best one or there are subtly different usage scenarios.
83518
I have an ESRI GRID file projected in MODIS-Sphere (here's the dataset ) that I need to convert to a WGS84 GeoTIFF.  I tried Raster > Projections > Warp (Reproject) and got this nonsense:   I then thought I'd use the MODIS reprojection tool or HEG to convert it, but they only accept HDF files and using QGIS' warp or translate functions to convert this file to HDF throwns an error. This guy was trying to do the same thing in Arc, no joy:   I looked for clues in the metadata, and the file seems a little goofy; gdalinfo yields:  Driver: AIG/Arc/Info Binary Grid Files: seto_uf        seto_uf.aux        seto_uf/.aux.xml        seto_uf/.DS_Store        seto_uf/dblbnd.adf        seto_uf/hdr.adf        seto_uf/log        seto_uf/metadata.xml        seto_uf/sta.adf        seto_uf/vat.adf        seto_uf/w001001.adf        seto_uf/w001001.tif        seto_uf/w001001.tif.aux.xml        seto_uf/w001001x.adf Size is 7468, 2911 Coordinate System is `' Origin = (-17345341.010356999933720,8423784.764957003295422) Pixel Size = (5000.000000000000000,-5000.000000000000000) Corner Coordinates: Upper Left  (-17345341.010, 8423784.765)  Lower Left  (-17345341.010,-6131215.235)  Upper Right (19994658.990, 8423784.765)  Lower Right (19994658.990,-6131215.235)  Center      ( 1324658.990, 1146284.765)  Band 1 Block=256x4 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Undefined   Description = Seto_UF   Min=0.000 Max=101.000    NoData Value=255   So it can't determine the coordinate system.  There's a .tif included in the directory, but gdalinfo on that shows:  Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF Files: w001001.tif        w001001.tif.aux.xml Size is 7468, 2911 Coordinate System is: GEOGCS["Unspecified datum based upon the GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere",     DATUM["unknown",         SPHEROID["unnamed",6371007,1]],     PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],     UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],     AUTHORITY["EPSG","4047"]] Origin = (-17345341.010356999933720,8423784.764957003295422) Pixel Size = (5000.000000000000000,-5000.000000000000000) Metadata:   AREA_OR_POINT=Area Image Structure Metadata:   INTERLEAVE=BAND Corner Coordinates: Upper Left  (-17345341.010, 8423784.765)  Lower Left  (-17345341.010,-6131215.235)  Upper Right (19994658.990, 8423784.765)  Lower Right (19994658.990,-6131215.235)  Center      ( 1324658.990, 1146284.765)    So it says the units are degrees but those huge corner coordinates and origin values don't agree.  Any ideas?  My setup: OSX 10.9.4 QGIS 2.6.1 Brighton GDAL 1.11.2 (apparently there are newer versions but this is the latest you can get on OSX without having to compile it yourself)
46610
How do I calculate areas of an area shapefile in square meters (m²) or in acres (ha)? I didn't find that functionality in the Vector Tools.
68361
I'm always looking for the best way to represent a file structure on my posts.  I generally use this one:  Project  |  +-- file 1  |      +-- dir 2  |  |    |  +-- file 2.1  |      +-- dir 3  |  |    |  +-- file 3.1  |  +-- file 3.2  |      +-- dir 4  |  |    +  |-- dir 4.1   Is there a real convention for those representations? Is there any script (Windows, Linux or web app service) that provide formatting?  Any advice / tool / recommendation / ISO ( ? ;) ) would be appreciated.  Some examples:
114488
What does the notation in the red box mean?   $$\Huge e^{\displaystyle \large \sum_{k=0}^n \bbox[2px,border:2px solid red]{\color{black} { {n \choose k}}}~\omega^k}$$
64043
What the reason the number of lines differs?  $ head -n 100000 ./access.log &gt; ./data/log.sample $ cat $_ | wc -l 1933424