I am running xubuntu 12.04, and i find that TOP command reports 900MB RAM usage where as gnome-system-terminal applet graphically shows only 300MB RAM usage. Why the values are differently reported?What is now the correct thing? and Why TOP reports it that way.  Thanks, Harish Pathangay
121207
Why is there a huge difference between the outputs' of top command and the system monitor when both programs were run at the same time. Please find attached is the screen shot showing the huge difference:-    Is this a bug?
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If I open up a terminal (xfce4-terminal 0.6.3, but I doubt it matters) and I look at what terminal attributes are set (BASH is running in the terminal),  $ stty -a speed 38400 baud; rows 24; columns 80; line = 0; intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = M-^?; eol2 = M-^?; swtch = M-^?; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; discard = ^O; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd -cmspar cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -ignbrk brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon -ixoff -iuclc ixany imaxbel iutf8 opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke -extproc   then I have a whole bunch of terminal attributes. Fine enough. If I then take a look at what terminal I'm using:  $ tty /dev/pts/0   then, on a new tab of my terminal (which new tab happens to be /dev/pts/1) I look at the terminal attributes of my first terminal, it seems to have slightly different terminal attributes:  $ stty -a -F /dev/pts/0 speed 38400 baud; rows 24; columns 80; line = 0; intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = M-^?; eol2 = M-^?; swtch = M-^?; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = &lt;undef&gt;; discard = ^O; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd -cmspar cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -ignbrk brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr -icrnl ixon -ixoff -iuclc ixany imaxbel iutf8 opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig -icanon iexten -echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke -extproc   Notably, the original terminal here appears to not be in canonical mode, it has no literal next special character...  So why does this happen? I'd like to be able to look at things like this to see, e.g., if modern ed uses canonical mode, but if there's a Heisenberg problem of looking at it from another terminal, I don't know how I'd do it.  So, my two main questions:   Does the terminal just appear to have different attributes when I look at it from another terminal? (e.g. is my first terminal still in canonical mode, but stty -a -F returns incorrect information?) If the terminal does really change attributes when I switch to the other terminal, how does it know? Is the 1st terminal somehow informed when I'm not directly looking at it?   P.S.: I tried this on the Linux Console also, just to make sure it wasn't a pseudo-terminal thing. Same results.
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I've upgraded my laptop (Lenovo Z50-70) which has an i7 CPU and 8Gigs of Ram to Ubuntu 16.04 from 15.10. I've been installing updates consistently. I'm using ubuntu with Gnome desktop environment (GDM).  Lately I've been experiencing a weird problem, my CPU (including all 4 cores) are 100% used by some processes like gnome-software(Gnome software) and fwupd(Firmware update daemon). This makes my work goes down. If i even kill those processes, they are starting back again.   Is there a solution for these processes to not utilize 100% of my CPU. And I don't want answers saying use the cpulimit utility to provision the amount of CPU for those processes. I find this a core problem in Ubuntu, i'm expecting real solutions for the problem.   What I've tried so far is, Removing those PPA's i've added except the official PPA's for checking updates. That didn't work out! Attached a screenshot of htop screen of these processes.
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I just want to know, what is the difference between ubuntu Minimal, Desktop &amp; Server Editions? How they differ? is it by performance? If yes which one is recommended for a normal user and which one is recommended for a advanced user ?
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My syslog file is has large number almost continuous entries as follows.  Apr 13 11:49:40 nrao-XPS-8700 gnome-session[2439]: Memory pressure relief: Total: res = 9682944/9682944/0, res+swap = 0/0/0 Apr 13 11:50:05 nrao-XPS-8700 gnome-session[2439]: Memory pressure relief: Total: res = 12369920/12369920/0, res+swap = 0/0/0 Apr 13 11:50:07 nrao-XPS-8700 gnome-session[2439]: Memory pressure relief: Total: res = 10633216/10690560/57344, res+swap = 0/0/0 Apr 13 11:50:10 nrao-XPS-8700 gnome-session[2439]: Memory pressure relief: Total: res = 9682944/11800576/2117632, res+swap = 0/0/0 Apr 13 11:50:35 nrao-XPS-8700 gnome-session[2439]: Memory pressure relief: Total: res = 12369920/12369920/0, res+swap = 0/0/0   Output of free -m command is follows                total        used        free      shared  buff/cache     available Mem:          15998        7155        5903         113        2939        8323 Swap:         18477        4182       14295
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I'm looking for a linux alternative to . I would like to know what is taking up space on my hard drives.  A program that works on console and doesn't require a UI is preferred .
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Ubuntu has been crashing on me recently. I think its because it runs out of memory so I ran the free -m command and found that my memory usage was really high. So then, i ran top to find the culprit, but the displayed processes were using less than 1.5% of memory. How do I know which program is making ubuntu crash/run out of memory? Below is the output:  shafee@shafee-pc:~$ free -m              total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached Mem:          3824       3714        110          0        978       1954 -/+ buffers/cache:        780       3044 Swap:           99          0         99  shafee@shafee-pc:~$ top top - 02:12:14 up  1:24,  2 users,  load average: 0.16, 0.42, 1.49 Tasks: 182 total,   1 running, 181 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie Cpu(s):  2.9%us,  1.9%sy,  0.3%ni, 79.3%id, 15.5%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.2%si,  0.0%st Mem:   3916708k total,  3803848k used,   112860k free,  1002308k buffers Swap:   102396k total,        0k used,   102396k free,  2001852k cached    PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND              4200 root      20   0  289m  53m  38m S    2  1.4   1:06.45 Xorg                 5590 shafee    20   0 19348 1368  956 R    2  0.0   0:00.01 top                     1 root      20   0 24124 2136 1264 S    0  0.1   0:02.05 init                    2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd                3 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:24.23 ksoftirqd/0             6 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0             7 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/1             9 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.11 ksoftirqd/1            11 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/2            13 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:03.89 ksoftirqd/2            14 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/3            16 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.16 ksoftirqd/3            17 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 cpuset                 18 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 khelper                19 root       0 -20     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 netns                  21 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.01 sync_supers         shafee@shafee-pc:~$   Or is it normal to have 110mb of free memory and is my issue related to something else?
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I was wondering how to list all the hardware info in my computer?   Both terminal and GUI solutions please. Is there a single utility to monitor most hardware's working status? Just like some software in Windows?   Thanks and regards!
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I'm able to find processes using top or ps. That's no problem.  Sometimes I find that some processes are taking up a lot of memory or cpu and I'm trying to identify what the root program is.  For instance, the process sort sometimes just ends up taking 2-3 gigs of memory over like 4 hours. I'd like to know what program initiated the sort process so I can try and fix it.
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How do I measure the peak memory of an application running on Linux?  I run this app in batch so I cannot use RSS since, it reports the current memory. I need the peak memory that the application has used to be reported at the end.   The VmPeak is not a solution either, since it reports the allocated memory and also does not calculates from the real Ram but also from the Hard Disk.
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I have noticed this on many different Windows machine, on many different occasions: the RAM usage reported by Task Manager or Resource Monitor often seems to add up to an amount which is significantly lower than the actual amount in use.  For example, many times on my laptop or my desktop, I have seen something like 7GB in use, and yet the total of the Working RAM Set is more like 3GB. I just can't figure out where it's being used!  Here's an extreme example I noticed today in Resource Monitor on a server:    If you right-click the image and open in a new tab, and view the numbers, you'll notice that the Working Set (which doesn't include nonphysical virtual memory) add up to about 1.7GB. I get similar numbers by adding up RAM usage in Task Manager when "Show processes from all users" is enabled.  Now here's a screenshot of task manager's Performance tab:    This says 7.6GB of physical memory is in use.  I see this all the time, on personal computers, laptops, and now servers: the total RAM usage reported by system tools only accounts for about 1/4 of the RAM usage I observe. WTF is going on???  Is there any satisfying explanation of where all my RAM is? What is gobbling it up, and why is it leaving no trace?  EDIT: Here's a picture of the graphical RAM use, as user whs asked for:    EDIT 2: In response to James' response, here's a picture of the nonpaged processes in poolmon.exe, sorted by size:    These results confuse me. poolmon correctly states that I have 6GB of nonpaged pool in use, but all the nonpaged pool processes are less than 8MB in size.  What could this mean? Is poolmon failing to detect some of the processes using the nonpaged pool?
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The output of the free command that I fired on my linux host is as belows:  free               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available Mem:      263846320    47746620     3290072     1140808   212809628   214382420 Swap:             0           0           0   I am not able to figure out what this available part is specifying. The free memory is very less shown i.e around 1.24% even though the total memory is way high and used memory is around 18.09% only.  free -h               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available Mem:           251G         45G        3.1G        1.1G        202G        204G Swap:            0B          0B          0B   Does it mean I wont be able to start more applications as free memory is very less. The used memory is 18% only. So shouldn't free memory be 72% and not 1.24% as the command is showing above.  I am confused. Can anyone help?
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In the network tab in activity monitor there is a read out of data usage showing sent and received in GB. What this dosnt tell you is over what time period this is, is it from a day, a week and month ?   This is from OSX Yosemite.
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When I try to use write to talk to users logged into an X session results vary depending on which terminal they are using. Gnome terminal can pick up writes, but neither lxterminal nor terminator can. The reason is that lxterminal and terminator don't have associated pts devices:  With lxterminal(s) running:  $ who tshaw    tty7         2013-01-27 21:34   With Gnome terminal running:  $ who tshaw    tty7         2013-01-27 21:34 tshaw    pts/1        2013-01-27 22:25 (:0)   (the tty7 entry in the above is the X session)  Is there a way to configure other terminals to take pts devices or would that have to be done in source code?
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I've been running Ubuntu 17.10 for a good while. Starting yesterday (April 9) the process gnome-software started using large amounts of memory. I don't know if it is related to the update that I took that day.  gnome-software grows to use up to 7G of memory (my system has 8G of RAM.)  This expands into eating up swap and root. My root usually runs at 51% of its total disk space and it went up to 96%. System ground to a halt. Had to power off. Only after some automatic disk cleaning (?) did root return to 51% usage on its own.  This happened twice yesterday and it is starting again today.  After running only 1 hour gnome-software is now using (according to system monitor) virtual mem=5.4G, Resident me=4.7G, memory=4.7G    More info:    This is continuing to happen.  The root disk space is being used in at least the file /var/log/syslog.  Over the last few hours it has grown to 4.9G in size.  I have to manually kill the gnome-software process and delete the log file to keep the computer functional.  When gnome-software starts using memory, the CPU jumps up and down  from 100% to 0%.  This can be seen in the system monitor program in the resources tab. I verified this by stopping the gnome-software process and CPU usage goes to almost nothing.  Telling the process to continue show CPU usage jumping all over again.  This CPU usage doesn't show up in "% CPU" on the process page.  Probably due to the refresh interval?    Even more info:    This is the error that repeats over and over in /var/log/syslog when this is happening. syslog was 1.7G when I caught it this time.  Apr 10 20:27:31 rwkeating-XPS-8300 gnome-software[2485]: g_byte_array_remove_range: assertion 'index_ + length &lt;= array-&gt;len' failed Apr 10 20:27:31 rwkeating-XPS-8300 gnome-software[2485]: Ignoring unexpected response   I verified this by pausing the gnome-software process while doing a tail on syslog and then un-pausing the gnome-software process only to see the error flooding the log.  So it is caught in this loop.  Don't know what it means ... yet.
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Is there a simple linux command that will tell me what my display manager is?  I'm using Xfce.  Are different desktop environments usually affiliated with different display managers?
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I think this is kernel dependent and probably will change over time depending on the kernel a release uses, correct me if wrong  I'd like to know two things for all the currently supported Ubuntu releases:  How many maximum CPUs can Ubuntu handle (by default) at the same time with a standard desktop kernel? Is that count different from a server kernel and 32bit/64bit systems?  Where can I find that information on my system?