Do anybody have idea about full form of rc.d at?    /etc/rc.d   It contain scripts to  is used to control the starting, stopping and restarting of daemons. But what exactly meaning of rc here, do anyone have clue?
100896
Well, this is embarrassing. I feel like I just realised I don't know a loyal colleague's name after working with them for 10 years. "Hey, er... *cough!*, thanks for that great job you did on setting my aliases this morning..."  What do the letters rc signify in .bashrc, .kshrc, etc.?  If you know, please cite sources.  Even if you don't know, I'd also welcome unfounded assumptions, suggestions or alternatives if they're marked as such.
44082
I am always very hesitant to run kill -9, but I see other admins do it almost routinely.  I figure there is probably a sensible middle ground, so:   When and why should kill -9 be used? When and why not? What should be tried before doing it? What kind of debugging a "hung" process could cause further problems?
101998
I see the different folders bin, dev, mnt, proc, srv, sys, etc.   What are the properties of all these different folders? What are their purposes? Are there files in some of them that I should not touch? Should I be touching files in the other folders?  Final question: in a Unix environment, do folders == directories? I apologize for all the questions.
1123
What is the primary difference between the two? I always see this in the right click menu in windows. What happens if you end a process that is relied upon by another process? Is there a way to "kill" a process tree in linux or is the technology different?
73474
What does and should go into /opt/ and what should/does go into /usr/?  My understanding is that /usr/ used to be for user home directories, but since they exist in /Users/ - what is the purpose now?  Is there a manual or guide to what all of the built-in directories should be used for?  Like what is /home/, or /net/?
84699
I was wondering what commands/utilities can be used in terminal to know the types of  (such as X window system),  (such as Metacity, KWin, Window Maker) and  (such as KDE, Gnome) of a Linux or other Unix-like operating systems?  Thanks!
74016
Trying to set up a daily cron job to shut down a server.   One source suggests editing /etc/crontab  Another suggests crontab -e (with sudo)  I tried the latter, and my process did not run (if I recall, it was 30 23 * * * shutdown -h)   I also note that in the nano editor, it was working on a .tmp file? (top of nano says: /tmp/crontab.9zeTNt/crontab )  What is going on? How can I fix this?
314
I have no idea where to start looking. I've been reading about daemons and didn't understand the concept.  More details :   I've been writing a crawler which never stops and crawlers over RSS in the internet. The crawler has been written in java - therefore its a jar right now. I'm an administrator on a machine that has Ubuntu 11.04 . There is some chances for the machine to crash , so I'd like the crawler to run every time you startup the machine. Furthermore, I'd like it to keep running even when i logged out. I'm not sure this is possible, but most of the time I'm logged out, and I still want to it crawl.   Any ideas? Can someone point me in the right direction?  Just looking for the simplest solution.
77842
As of Ubuntu 12.04, what is the proper/clean way to make the system execute a script upon boot? (not upon user login) e.g. running a daemon.
83925
A previous poster on the regular forums (  ) said /var/log/daemon.log, but I don't seem to have such a file. Do I need to enable logging?
36562
I want to know what exactly is the difference between CLR &amp; CLI? From whatever I have read so far, it seems to indicate that CLI is a subset of CLR. But isn't everything in the CLR mandatory? What exactly may be left out of CLR to create a CLI?
54662
Pretty simple, I am trying to change the runlevel. Everything I find online points me to the file located in:  /etc/init/rc-sysinit.conf   Here I have tried changing the "DEFAULT_RUNLEVEL" to 3 or anything else and it makes no difference (the original value was 2 which didn't make much sense either). No matter what, my machine boots fully and when I check the runlevel command, I see "N 5" as the result every time.  How do I change the runlevel? I would rather not override it through grub or some other workaround mechanism. And I am not looking for how to disable X specifically.  All the instructions I was finding online were a bit old, did something change with 16.04?
64011
I came across the following command:  sudo chown `id -u` /somedir   and I wonder: what is the meaning of the ` symbol. I noticed for instance that while the command above works well, the one below does not:  sudo chown 'id -u' /somedir
115097
Cause Ubuntu uses Upstart instead of init, there is some different from Red Hat. But How can I get the list of each runlevel number standing for, such as init 0 means shutdown. man init can't show the list. So which command or man page cant print the list. Thx!
101628
I'm trying to learn Linux bash scripting and I'm read through the articles in the  sites I saw some kind log clearing scripting I notice that something is used for as an exit status. I have given below a few script snippet from the article.  #!/bin/bash # Cleanup, version 3  #  Warning: #  ------- #  This script uses quite a number of features that will be explained #+ later on. #  By the time you've finished the first half of the book, #+ there should be nothing mysterious about it.  LOG_DIR=/var/log ROOT_UID=0     # Only users with $UID 0 have root privileges. LINES=50       # Default number of lines saved. E_XCD=86       # Can't change directory? E_NOTROOT=87   # Non-root exit error.      What do the E_NOTROOT(86) and E_XCD(87), if both variables use the reserved   exit status code for the program or not?   OR     If both variables just use the random number for this purpose.   Reference:
112883
says      The /proc/self/ directory is a link to the currently running process.   There are always multiple processes running concurrently, so which process is "the currently running process"?  Does "the currently running process" have anything to do with which process is currently running on the CPU, considering context switching?  Does "the currently running process" have nothing to do with foreground and background processes?
22263
How can I repeat a command every interval of time , so that it will allow  me to run commands for checking  or monitoring  directories ?   There is no need for a script, i need just a simple command to be executed in terminal.