I recently installed Ubuntu and in the process of completion i realized that i had not dedicated a swap memory during installation. How can i go about adding the swap memory without reinstalling Ubuntu.
16920
I did not create a swap partition during Ubuntu installation.  Later, I freed up some space and made a swap partition.  Now after each boot up, I am manually opening gparted to right-click the swap partition to turn on the 'swapon' option.  How can I automatically enable the swap partition at boot?  Also, if I had not created the swap partition, what are my other options?
1629
I am a newbie in linux. I wanted to install ubuntu to my desktop. I currently have two partitions, Windows 8 in installed on one, and i have some important files in another partition. While installing ubuntu, if I chose "Replace Windows 8 with Ubuntu", do I lose the other partition too?   And are there other ways to leave the other partition as it is, and install ubuntu in the partition  where windows was installed.
85602
A weird problem has appeared on my laptop running Ubuntu 16.04. I have 8 GiB RAM and 10 GiB swap area. It worked fine, programs were swapping fast from the SSD, the swapped memory were mostly memory leaks and forgotten mmap anyway... but then something broke it. I have no idea what, I have not noticed it immediately. But now, it swaps incredibly rarely.  The swap space is almost unoccupied, I can have 95% RAM usage and swap space is only 5% full. If RAM fills up, it rarely swaps anything out, it freezes instead, sometimes it recovers after killing a program, but way too often, I have to do a hard reset.  I have checked the swappiness property, but it is set to 60 and setting it to 100 changes nothing. I upgraded Ubuntu to version 17.04, but it didn't help.  If I run a process that takes a lot of memory and uses it actively, it appears to swap out the memory of this process (that just allocated it!), making the process freeze again soon to get back the memory shortly aferwards, in a never ending loop. Almost none of the swapped out memory remains swapped out for long, although I am pretty sure there is enough leaked memory and unused programs to swap.  Any ideas what might be wrong?
107956
When i installed ubuntu in my x86 machine, I had to configure some memory as 'swap area'.  What is the use of this memory and what is the importance of this memory in linux file systems?  How can I determine the exact size of 'swap area' in a machine for the safe working of linux inside in it?
55192
I am going to put an additional (non-USB) hard drive in my system. I already have Ubuntu on my other hard drive so I do not want to install Ubuntu on the additional drive but only use it for storage. How do I add the additional hard drive to my Ubuntu system, e.g. make Ubuntu recognize it and mount it properly?
30429
So I have Ubuntu installed on my pc, and I want to upgrade to the new Ubuntu which was just released. When I check for any new updates it doesn't show any upgrades to the new release. How can I fix this? Thanks!
96952
I've got a friend who wants to try Ubuntu on his netbook, but doesn't have a USB drive he can use, and of course the netbook doesn't have a CD drive. Is it possible for him to install Ubuntu?
79080
I know this is probably a question this is asked over and over again but I'm not finding anything close to an answer that I need.  I am installing Ubuntu 13.04 on my Lenovo x130e netbook .  It has been a long time since I have used Ubuntu (Hardy Heron) so I'm not exactly sure on how to go about this.  Here's my system specs:  CPU: AMD e450 apu dual 1.65Ghz RAM: 8Gb DDR3 Corsair Vengence 1066mhz SSD: Crucial M4 128Gb SSD Vid: Radeon HD6320 384Mb  Now here's my questions:   Since I am running a single SSD and have plenty of RAM, should I use a swap file?  If so how large of a swap? I am going to use .ext4 filesystem but is there any specific way I should partition my drive?  (1 partition for /home, another for boot, etc...) I am planning to upgrade to 13.10 when it releases, is there anything I should keep in mind until then?   I have never really used a forum before so I figured that this would be the best time to start.  I have decided that I am tired of having to deal with Microsoft and want to break free of their bloated software.  I have read through your forums many times before and found that this is probably the best place to begin the process of reacquainting myself with Ubuntu.  Thanks for your time!
20896
A person has a computer with no HDD but 16GB RAM and USB3 port.  Also has 16GB USB3 pendrive with Ubuntu Live on it, (Non persistent).  The computer is then started with the pendrive using toram.  The pendrive is then removed and reinserted while the O/S is running.  Is the O/S that is running in RAM able to do a "Full" install to the pendrive?  This was asked in:     However for some reason this unique question was marked as "Duplicate".
119138
Just switched 4GBs to 16GBs of RAM. However, when I look at how much memory I have, it says 15.3. I'm just wondering why did my memory drop down when I just installed 16 GBs of RAM.
113208
I just got a new netbook and I'm setting up operating system configuration. It came with windows 7 starter but I installed dual boot Ubuntu 12.10. I've been writing on some forums and now I don't want things from previous searches and stuff popping up in public so I'm considering a disc wipe and reinstallation of Ubuntu.  Ubuntu was installed by downloading an iso from inside Windows, then put on an usb drive and rebooted and installed alongside windows. I did not do any fancy configuration about swap spaces or partitions. When I start, I get to choose if I want to boot up as Windows or Ubuntu. It automatically chooses Ubuntu. Also, I would like to change this so that it chooses Windows by default.  My question is, is it possible to reinstall Ubuntu without having to reinstall Windows 7?  I'm not interested in a wiping of free disc space or any goverment-level confidentiality. I just want my Ubuntu partition cleared, from occasionaly peeping curious eyes, not having previously visited websites or previously written documents popping up accidentally. If I remove Ubuntu from my hard drive, and then install it again, will a lot of the stuff still be there? I really would like not to format my hard drive because I have stuff on the windows part of the system that I use.
79358
I am running centos 5.8 with cpanel. Lately I am getting reports that my swap is full , but there is a lot of free memory  to use.  top - 10:33:43 up 133 days, 17:00,  1 user,  load average: 0.05, 0.03, 0.05   Tasks: 170 total,   1 running, 169 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie   Cpu(s):  2.1%us,  0.5%sy,  0.0%ni, 97.2%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.2%si,  0.0%st   Mem:  24726100k total,  8255368k used, 16470732k free,   599560k buffers   Swap:  1046520k total,   984740k used,    61780k free,  3641828k cached     How do I solve this? The unused ram memory should be used instead of the swap. Or should I increase the swap ( and how do I do that ? ).  Thanks
47220
I'd like to have Ubuntu installed on a USB stick, that I could plug in (almost) any computer and boot from it, and that I could use (almost) normally, as if it was installed on that computer. I'd also like to have a data partition on it that could be used by (almost) any computer, mostly to store some portable apps, just in case.    I've been told that if I installed Ubuntu in BIOS mode, I wouldn't be able to boot from a computer in UEFI mode, and vice versa.  Since I'd like to be able to boot on any computer, it's a big problem.  What can I do to be able to boot on computers in BIOS or UEFI modes in my case?  I've been searching for solutions but most of them are for specific needs that are different than mine, so it's difficult to extract the minimum requirements from those solutions to apply them to my problem.  Is there a simple, "clean" and quite generic solution to this problem?  I'd appreciate some explainations about the reasons why a specific solution is good or a specific step is needed.    My current setup:   USB stick:  OS: Xubuntu 16.04 i386 installation: full install (from a Live USB built with Rufus) drivers: none proprietary file systems:    partition table:    2: , /boot/efi, 128 Mio, FAT32, [boot,esp] 3: , 128 Mio, HFS+ 4: , 2 Mio, [bios_grub] 5: swap, 512 Mio 6: , /, 24 Gio, ext4, defaults,errors=remount-ro,lazytime,commit=60 1: , /media/data, ~3.6 Gio, FAT32, defaults,lazytime,check=strict  RAM:   /tmp, tmpfs, defaults,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=1777   swap:    vm.swappiness=5 swap partition: 512 Mio, for emergency zRAM swap files:    /var/swap/hib.swp: same size as RAM, for hibernation, generated by a script at startup /var/swap/opt.swp: if needed, generated by a script   overprovisioning: ~5.6%   built-in: ~1.2 Gio (apparently) added: 512 Mio  scheduler: deadline
57383
I thought the whole essence of swap was to act as a temporary storage safety net when RAM was full but my swap partition is constantly being used even though I sometimes have as much as 3GB free RAM. Is this normal?
119557
Going to install Ubuntu 10.10 on new intel x25M 80GB SSD. It will be fresh install. I have been googling for past few days and getting overwhelming articles/blogs/Q&amp;As. One particularly very useful being:     But with so many suggestions and differences of opinions (on different links) this simple OS install process seems to be daunting task to me and I really want to stick with Ubuntu (although have used for very short period of time).  Can someone help me by answering few questions (yes, they are repeated because I couldn't comprehend the answers elsewhere)   Which file system (ext2/3/4 or something else)? (consider SSD life) Can it be changed after installation? Should I partition the disk? (as we do in traditional HDD) for now, no plan of dual booting. Only Ubuntu will live on scarce space of 80GB SSD. I have 2 GB RAM, should i still allocate swap space (if I don't allocate swap space, can I still hibernate the machine)? will swap space impact SSD life? Should I consider putting additional 1GB RAM to avoid swap space? What is partition aligning? Is it needed to be done before installing the Ubuntu OS or can be done later?   Intended usage - heavy browsing, programming, regular video/music and some other non-CPU/RAM-intensive programs. Will keep big files in an external hard drive.  laptop config - 3yr old Vaio, Core2 Duo, 2GB RAM  More references:        (resizing/creating does not seem a simple process after look this)
110604
Recently, I put more ram into my server and now I have got a total of 24GB of RAM. Originally, I setup the OS to have a 2GB swap size.  /dev/sdc1               1         281     2257101   82  Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc2   *         282       60801   486126900   83  Linux   2GB is allocated for swap currently, but reading around it seems it is not much. For a system with 24GB, I am thinking to allocate at least 10GB of swap.   My questions is: Can I do it while the OS is running? Do I have to reinstall?  I am using OpenSuse 11.3
4116
I read many places that the rule of thumb for swap space is to double the amount of physical RAM. However, 32 GB does seem a LOT. Do I need that much? Do I need it at all with this high amount of physical RAM?