I am new to Ubuntu (and Linux in general, as a home installer/user). Do I need to worry about fragmentation of the file system on a Linux partition on one's hard drive?
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Why is defragmenting unnecessary in Ubuntu?
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Thus is a picture of both of my hard-drives:    My C Drive and my D drive. I want to put Ubuntu onto my D Drive. Now my question here is if i do install onto my D Drive then how should I do it in order to retain use of the drive. I intend to partition about 60 gigs from it. Now after doing that I should still have about 830 gigs left. I want to still be able to use that in Windows. So how and will I be able to retain use of the drive after Installing? I have installed once before and I believe i did it wrong because not only could Windows not recognize my D drive but I also lost all the data on it.   My computer is a Lenovo Y700 It is a UEFI (I believe i got that right).
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I want to run the check file system tool, but for that I need to unmount the volume, I have just one partition, should I go ahead with unmount and repair. I am new to Ubuntu, so please help.(Image)
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Currently, my computer is dual-booting Linux and Windows 7. A series of unfortunate events has led to me needing to restore Windows using a restore disc.  I want to know if this can be done without formatting my entire hard drive, as I don't want to get rid of my Linux partition. That is, I want to reset Windows - which already has a partition on my hard drive - without affecting any of my other partitions on my drive.
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I installed a dual boot of Ubuntu 16.04 (Windows being my other OS) two months ago to try it out. I want to allot more space to it on my hard drive. I was looking up tutorials, and I noticed that my filesystem names don't look anything like those in the tutorials. For example:  df -h   outputs:    How would I allot more space to Ubuntu (in layman's terms)?
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I have read some article about home partition in Ubuntu but I don't know why it is used widely. Because software I have installed via Ubuntu software center or deb package, they all automatically install into root partition like /opt, /usr or something like that. Anybody can give me some suggestions?
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I've been wondering this for a while, why is there free space at the end of a drive that was formatted to NTFS in windows?  You can only see the unallocated space in Linux. So why is it there? Does it serve a purpose?
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I'm fighting the 'too small /boot partition' problem, and it looks like I'm going to have to either re-partition or install a larger drive (AND re-partition?). I keep seeing warnings that I should be sure to "back up important files," but excuse my ignorance -- what are "important files"? Incidentally, I have about $200 worth of Ubuntu books that don't explain this, or even what to back up when you back up. Sigh.  Specifically:   Back up the /home directory. However, without using sudo, this fails to backup about five files (for example, a 'lock' file). Am I ok, or do I need to use sudo? I suspect I should back up /etc. With sudo? Where are the files for things like games and apps? Do I need to back them up? If I'm doing a "clean install," is there any point to backing up the whole frickin' drive? If I'm going to repartition /boot, what should I back up before I do that? If I back up the drive, repartition, and then restore the backup, will it "restore" the old /boot partition?   Inquiring minds are flummoxed.
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I am a Linux user. I don't have Windows on my laptop. Also the hard drive size is less than 2 TB. Then why should I use GPT tables? Can't I go with old fasioned MBR?  I will be having two root partitions, two home partitions, and a swap space. So when a partition is not primary, but is extended, does that make any performance difference?
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This is not a question about how to create a home partition, just as a caveat. :)  What are the pros and cons to having a separate home partition? How do I know if having one is right for me? Will it increase or decrease speed of file retrieval? Are there any risks?
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My understanding of disc partitioning has always been that you partition a disc to install multiple operating systems so you can boot from multiple operating systems on a single disc. However I'm reading a ubuntu server book and it talks about partitioning the /home directory of a ubuntu installation.      "The /home directory is a popular partitioning candidate among both administrators and desktop users alike because it holds all of the personal files for user accounts on that machine. If you maintain /home as a separate partition, you can install new versions of a distribution or even different distributions altogether without wiping out any user settings."   I don't see how and why anyone would partition the home directory or any other directory for that matter in the file system of a ubuntu installation.
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I have 3 partitions: one for Windows 7 (ntfs), one for Ubuntu (ext4) and one just for data (ntfs so both operating systems can see them).  My problem is that I had stored some files on the data partition using Ubuntu and when I booted Windows 7 all that data was gone! After that I couldn't find the files even when using Ubuntu.  My files were simply GONE :(  Is there something I can do in Ubuntu or is it just windows problem?
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A fair while ago (~ 2004) I was told to always create a separate partition for the boot directory.  And since then I always have.  But after reading a few questions about partitioning questions, I'm curious.  Do I still need a /boot partition?  Note:  If helpful, I'm dual booting (Win XP or 7) &amp; Ubuntu 10.04.  I also have one partition (using ext2/3) which I use to share files between the two operating systems.
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I have Win Xp on first Primary Partition.  I am leaving another 2 primaries for a future possible Win install. I am planning my Logical partitions to install a Linux Mint. I read that a separate /home gives re-usability across future Linus'es. I thought it might be clever to keep /home as NTFS, to smoothly share data across Win and Linux too. I am anxious though as most of the forums declare NTFS inferior to ext4. But some forums said that performance of file system is not as much driven by its structure, but mainly by the kernel driver and algorithms for read and write.   Questions   If Linux has good algorithms [as implemented with ext4], wont it perform same on NTFS too? May be the inferiority of NTFS is only with windows, But same NTFS performs equally well on ext4? If not, Is the peformance low enough to stay away from NTFS, and think of other ways to share data across Win and Linux? Does ways exist to read ext4 from WinXp or 7? Any other recommendations from practical experiences are welcome.
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I am wondering, when you select the option of just "Try Ubuntu" instead of installing, where does Ubuntu store the files that you download / copy / save?  I right click in the Home folder, and it specified I had 4GB free space. Where did it get this 4GB space from, and if I transition to another OS system, how can I access or delete all the previous data from the session of "Try Ubuntu"?  Thank you!
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The HDD I have my Ubuntu installed is about to fail. I would rather not lose 3 years worth of data, customisation and apps. I am looking for a way to move the complete system (SWAP included, because I'm not sure if I can relink the system to a new SWAP partition) to another HDD. But not the complete HDD&lt; only the partition containing Ubuntu, to a partition on a different HDD. Basically I'd like to do what I've been able to do with Norton Ghost for my Windows install. I thought about using Clonezilla but I think I would have issues with GRUB (Especially trying to boot from a different UUID than what is in the conf file). do you know of any way this could be done?  PS, my home directory is encrypted but that's not really an issue, because I can work around that.  EDIT: changed the explanation to make it clearer
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Based on some recommendations I read online, on install of a new (Ubuntu) system, I made my /boot partition separate from / and small in size (only around 50 MB). It makes sense to me that you would only need limited files in that partition, and the boot sequence only needs so much data initial data on boot so no need (or so goes my thinking) to make it much larger.   I was surprised as I started using my system and installing software was failing due to the following (or similar) issue:  gzip: stdout: No space left on device cpio: write error: Broken pipe E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 1 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-18-generic with 1.   I have already seen  and am planning on doing a reinstall with a larger /boot partition. My questions are:  Why does the /boot partition data get updated when I am only installing software?  obviously 50 MB is too small for my needs, so what would be a reasonable /boot partition size?  Does it even make sense to have separate boot partition? after all it could simply use all the disk space it wants in the / partition.