Using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, upgraded from 11.10. Had no idea while installing Ubuntu for the first time. So missed SWAP partition. Now, at times Ubuntu hangs and system monitor shows the memory usage full. Is there any method that I can create a partition from the current Ubuntu partition and assign it as SWAP partition ? If yes, kindly guide me to do the same.   How much SWAP partition space is recommended ? Current specs - 6 GB RAM, 1 GB Radeon GPU.
16920
I did not create a swap partition during Ubuntu installation.  Later, I freed up some space and made a swap partition.  Now after each boot up, I am manually opening gparted to right-click the swap partition to turn on the 'swapon' option.  How can I automatically enable the swap partition at boot?  Also, if I had not created the swap partition, what are my other options?
24521
When I open a RAM-intensive app (VirtualBox set at 2GB of RAM), some swap space is generally used, depending on what else I have open at the time.  However, when I quit that last application, the 2GB of RAM is freed up, but the same swap space use remains.  For example, right now, about two hours after having closed VirtualBox, I have 1.6GB free RAM and still 770MB in swap.  How can I tell Ubuntu to stop using that swap and to revert to using the RAM?
74265
This is what happened:  I was running 12.04.1 and wanted to install 12.10. upgrade, but a fresh install.  When setting up my computer I anticipated for this by dividing my 640GB HD in following partitions: 1. 60 GB for Ubuntu, boot 2. 576 GB for data, mountpoint /home 3. swap, 4GB  The idea was to manually select the correct partition in the installer but I got distracted for a moment and selected the wrong option.  Result: The installer started repartitioning the entire HD.  When I noticed this I interrupted the installer, but upon reboot it was clear that I was too late, no OS to boot to.  I booted from a Gparted Live CD to see if I could recover the data on my previous /home-partition, but it's gone.  Is there any way to recover the lost data? I searched around and read alot about Testdisk, but in all the tutorials I've seen, the set-up has been much easier than what I'm facing.  I've not only lost my partition table, it's been replaced.  Thanks in advance for any ideas that might help!  If extra info is needed, please specify and I will do my best to provide.
26247
My dual-boot machine has partitions as follows:   sda1 50 GB NTFS sda2 15 GB unallocated sda3 20 GB ext3 sda4 20 GB ext4   I would like to allocate the unused space on sda2 to my Ubuntu partition on sda4, hopefully leaving the other two partitions untouched, leaving this configuration:    sda1 50 GB NTFS sda3 20 GB ext3 sda4 35 GB ext4   Is this possible? If so, how can it be done, preferably using GParted?
90584
I'm trying to add/modify a swap partition on my LVM-formatted hard disk by using GParted from a LiveCD.  I only see one big partition taking up the whole disk.    Is there a hidden swap?    Does an LVM-formatted system even need a swap?  I'm using Ubuntu 12.10.
29018
I've got Ubuntu 10.10 installed to use my whole hard-disk, but would like to use the 130GB of free space I've got to create a new partition and do some development on Unity and Natty.  Can I use gparted to do this?  If so how?
25715
How will Ubuntu automatically allocate the disk partition sizes when we select Erase disk and install Ubuntu during installation?    Can the settings for automatic space allocation be changed?
66276
I've got a swap partition, but the System Monitor in Linux Mint says, 'Swap not available'. I guess I've forgot to set 'Use as: swap' on install.  How to fix this?
57383
I thought the whole essence of swap was to act as a temporary storage safety net when RAM was full but my swap partition is constantly being used even though I sometimes have as much as 3GB free RAM. Is this normal?
64593
I have Ubuntu installed on a drive. The problem is it is running low on disk space. This is installed on vmware. I expanded the virtual drive and booted into ubuntu. But when I opened gparted(sudo gparted), the move/resize option is unavailable. This is the partition Ubuntu is installed on, but I need to resize it. Any ideas? I am comfortable using command line
21840
I am trying to install Ubuntu 13.04 on my 24Gb MSATA SSD. In my laptop, I've also got a 500Gb SATA HDD. I realize that in order for this to work I need to put my /home directory on the 500Gb HDD.   I've tried installing it by creating a ext4 partition on the SSD and a 8Gb swap partition on my HDD. This resulted in an error saying something similar to Cannot install bootloader, please select an other location for the bootloader.   Now before I waste any more time trying to get it to work I'm going to ask a bunch of questions:   Where should I put the swap partition? How big should I make the swap partition? (I've got 12Gb RAM) My 500Gb HDD is currently in Raid mode. Should I change that (to AHCI or IDE)? Where should I put the bootloader if the error message occurs again? How do I make the home directory point to the HDD instead of the SSD? Can I configure Ubuntu to install software/packages on the HDD instead of the SSD?
32432
Somehow I happened to swap out 14 GB of memory. After having killed the culprit, I have tons of free memory again, so I thought I could  again. So with 5 GB out of 32 GB used and 14 GB of swap space used, I ran swapoff -a.... and 4 hours later about half of the work was finished.  This means less that 1 MB/s, while I can easily copy 200 MB/s. My swap is encrypted but so are all normal partitions and with  it leads to no noticeable CPU load (and filling the swap space took only a few minutes). I see that there's no special reason to optimize swapoff, however I wonder how it could get that slow?    Just adding some more data: My main memory is 32 GB and I have 32 GB swap space on each of 4 harddisks (surely an overkill, but who cares?). The whole swap space can be  (decrypted and) read in less than 5 minutes:  time -p sudo sh -c 'for i in /dev/mapper/cryptswap?; do md5sum $i &amp; done; wait' 014a2b7ef300e11094134785e1d882af  /dev/mapper/cryptswap1 a6d8ef09203c1d8d459109ff93b6627c  /dev/mapper/cryptswap4 05aff81f8d276ddf07cf26619726a405  /dev/mapper/cryptswap3 e7f606449327b9a016e88d46049c0c9a  /dev/mapper/cryptswap2 real 264.27   Reading a part of a partition can't be slower than reading it all. Yet reading about 1/10th of it takes about 100 times longer.  I observed that during swapoff both the CPU was mostly idle (maybe 10% of one core) and so were the disks ("measured" by the LEDs). I also saw that the swap spaces were turned off one after the other.
82916
So I have 4 GB RAM + 4GB swap. I want to create a user with limited ram and swap: 3 GB RAM and 1 GB swap. Is such thing possible? Is it possible to start applications with limited RAM and swap avaliable to them without creating a separate user (and not installing any special apps - having just a default Debian/CentOS server configuration, and not using sudo)?  Update:  So I opened terminall and typed into it  command: ulimit -v 1000000 which shall be like 976,6Mb limitation. Next I called ulimit -a and saw that limitation is "on". Then I started some bash script that compiles and starts my app in nohup, a    nohup ./cloud-updater-linux.sh  &gt;&amp; /dev/null &amp;... but after some time  I saw:    (which would be ok if no limitations were applied - it downloaded some large lib, and started to compile it.)  But I thought I applied limitations to the shell and all processes launched with/from it with ulimit -v 1000000? What did I get wrong? How to make a terminal and all sub processes it launches be limited on ram usage?
87956
I wanted to just confirm how much the size of Swap partition should be. Lots of places tell that the swap size should be twice the size of RAM. Somebody also told me that it shouldn't be more than 8 GB.If twice the size of RAM is more than 8 GB how big should the Swap partition be?
119557
Going to install Ubuntu 10.10 on new intel x25M 80GB SSD. It will be fresh install. I have been googling for past few days and getting overwhelming articles/blogs/Q&amp;As. One particularly very useful being:     But with so many suggestions and differences of opinions (on different links) this simple OS install process seems to be daunting task to me and I really want to stick with Ubuntu (although have used for very short period of time).  Can someone help me by answering few questions (yes, they are repeated because I couldn't comprehend the answers elsewhere)   Which file system (ext2/3/4 or something else)? (consider SSD life) Can it be changed after installation? Should I partition the disk? (as we do in traditional HDD) for now, no plan of dual booting. Only Ubuntu will live on scarce space of 80GB SSD. I have 2 GB RAM, should i still allocate swap space (if I don't allocate swap space, can I still hibernate the machine)? will swap space impact SSD life? Should I consider putting additional 1GB RAM to avoid swap space? What is partition aligning? Is it needed to be done before installing the Ubuntu OS or can be done later?   Intended usage - heavy browsing, programming, regular video/music and some other non-CPU/RAM-intensive programs. Will keep big files in an external hard drive.  laptop config - 3yr old Vaio, Core2 Duo, 2GB RAM  More references:        (resizing/creating does not seem a simple process after look this)
68041
I want to delete the swap partition to free up space to increase the root partition, but accidentally when I restarted Ubuntu I got this:    I have made a live Ubuntu to solve this, but I can't close grub rescue. How to close grub rescue and solve this problem?  This is the output of GParted:
102325
I've tired a number of things to get this to work and I'm missing something.   I ran out of space on my 8gb bootable flash drive. I'm running 12.04 server. The drive has sda1 (primary 4gb), sda2 (extended 4GB) and sda5 (swap 4gb).  I tried copying old drive to new drive using ddrescue (whole drive copy) and then resizing on another linux box using gparted.  I made sda1 ~22Gb (75% of the drive) and used the remaining space for sda2 and sda5.  When I tried booting it I get to the GRUB menu and when I select the OS I get a message about not enough room or space.    Next try.    I dd'd the MBR of the new drive and then created sda1 - primary linux 83 (75% of sectors on drive), sda2 - extended 5 (25% - remaining sectors), sd5 - logical linux 82 swap (same sectors as sda2).  I then wrote the changes and exited fdisk.  I then ran ddrescue with the following command:  ddrescue -d -f -r3 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1  (old drive copied to new drive).  It competed successfully.  I mounted the new copied partition and ran df to see the free space and it shows the same amount as the old small drive -97% used.  I thought I had to resize or something so I moved drive to other linux box and ran gparted.  Didn't find that the partiion needed resizing.    The new partition has the same UUID as the original but I think i might need to copy the old swap partition UUID to the new one and I don't know how - only how to randmly generate a new one.   So, where did I go wrong here. Am I close to getting this right?