LaTeX complains Limit controls must follow a math operator. \textbf{G} := \parallel\limits about the following snippet.   \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{mathtools} \begin{document}     \begin{equation}         \textbf{G} := \parallel\limits_{\pi \in \mathcal{P}} \textbf{G}^{\pi}      \end{equation} \end{document}   What is a possible workaround to apply \limits to \parallel?
27555
How can i write my own math operator with limits? I want it to look like:  \sum\limits_{e=1}^{m} but with a capital A (if possible bigger than the normal text) instead of the sum.  Thanks for the help!
68704
Is it possible to modify LaTeX so that good old $$...$$ behaves like \[...\] (and by this I mean that it should be synonymous to it).  If yes: Dear LaTeX3 developer, please integrate this into LaTeX3! (Not that I really believe you will actually do this.)  MWE (even if I don't really see its use in this case):  \documentclass{article}  \begin{document}  I've forgotten we're not in the plain \TeX\ world anymore: $$ x = 3\alpha^2 + \beta   = \int f\, d\mu. $$  \end{document}
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I'm writing a math paper in LaTeX and for math formulas I'm just using $$math formula$$. Is is possible to numerate formulas? Or do I have to you use some specific commands such as align?
7830
I would like to put some text in math mode below a mathematical operator (or a symbol), similar to \substack in \sum, as the red text below the \max operator in the following image  How to do this?
9716
\documentclass{article} %\usepackage{amsmath} It does Not work ! \begin{document} \[ x\lt y \gt z \] \end{document}  What library do I have to use such that the document can render \lt and \gt as less than and greater than signs, respectively? Edit I am using MathJax library in my site under Asp.net Mvc 3. Web application is vulnerable to XSS and XSRF attacks so &lt; and &gt; should be avoided as the input from the users. My database will save LaTeX commands that can be rendered by both LaTeX compiler and MathJax. Therefore, I need \gt and \lt that already work in MathJax. Source:  Rendered:
42199
I want to write this simple equation in latex        2/|w|   In which |w| is the norm of w,,  I tried with         \frac{2}{\|w\|}   And get error "Missing $ inserted"  then I use this     \frac{2}{$\|w\|$}   And still get same error..  Does someone know how to solve this problem??
26255
I am using lualatex, are there symbols for left and right limits, like small "-" and "+" to put above the numbers? For now I use   \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{book} \usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{polyglossia} \usepackage{amsmath,empheq} \usepackage{mathtools} \usepackage{amscd} \usepackage{amsxtra} \usepackage{unicode-math}                   \begin{document} \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow 1^{+}} f(x) \]  \[ \lim_{x \rightarrow 1^{-}} f(x) \] \end{document}   which I feel is not right because the default "+" and "-" are operators and their size and spacing might not be the best for this use.
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I'd like \span to be a math operator (for the  of a set of vectors), but apparently it's already a TeX command. What do you guys recommend I do instead? (I don't really want a strange capital \Span, or some other odd variant... but I'm guessing it's a bad idea to redefine \span?)
39047
As generally acknowledged TeX offers superb formatting capabilities for math in an automated fashion. Nevertheless there are some areas with clear deficiencies  that one either has to accept or manually improve on a case by case basis.  One of the biggies in that respect is TeX's handling of sub-formulas (i.e., material inside a brace group, e.g., and index, but also any group on top-level). TeX sets such sub-formulas always in natural width even if the whole formula is subject to severe stretching or shrinking otherwise. As an example, consider the following (not very sensible) example:  \documentclass{article}  \newlength\x  \begin{document}  \newcommand\formula{$ a+\mathbf{b+c}+d+e+f = \sum_{i=1}^{n-x-y-z} x_{i+j}$}  \settowidth\x{\formula}  \hbox to \x{\formula}    % natural width  \addtolength\x{-20pt}  \hbox to \x{\formula}   % now shrink it a lot  \addtolength\x{100pt}  \hbox to \x{\formula}   % now stretch a lot in the opposite direction  \end{document}   The formula here has a number of obvious sub-formulas in the subscripts and superscript, but for illustration I also added a sub-formula via \mathbf. Of course the usage of \mathbf in this way is wrong!!! (it should not be applied to several symbols), but I'm sure you would find this in documents. In any case just {b+c} would have had the same effect here. Now what do you think happens if we run this?  This:    As one can see the naturally "boxed" sub-formulas are very wrong the moment the rest of the formula is subject to stretching or shrinking.  Until recently no TeX engine successor addressed this issue. With LuaTeX opening up a lot of the internals of TeX I had some hope that this would be different. However, upon studying the manual my conclusion is that this area (sor far it least) has not been addressed (or considered).  As far as I can see the only way something could be done in LuaTeX about this issue would be to  use the mlist_to_hlist callback. However, this would really mean replacing the full math typesetting algorithm, which of course could be a way to solve the problem but ... but what is needed is not that (as 99% of this algorithm is next to perfect) but to add support to not simply box sub-formulas at their natural width.  So long text ... here is the short question:   Is this analysis correct, or did I overlook something? And in case anybody knows: are there plans to look into the sub-formula issue and provide support for it eventually? (it is not listed on the "to-dos" for math)    In case somebody wonders that I talk about "this sub-formula issue" as if it is something like a known thing ... it is, it was already raised way back in  which at the time a some thorough (if not say heated) discussions.
75183
I have a math formula, having three underbraces, enclosing three expressions, with explanations below each brace, explaining what that quantity is. Since these expressions, as well as their explanations, have different widths and heights, LaTeX automatically adjusts the math font sizes. I want to prevent this so that the expressions above each brace have the same size, regardless of how big the brace is extended.  How can I ensure a consistent math font size in a formula?  \documentclass{standalone}  \usepackage{tikz,amsmath} \usetikzlibrary{positioning}   \begin{document}  \begin{tikzpicture}[&gt;=stealth]   \node (a) at (0,0) {$\frac{\partial y}{\partial t}=\underbrace{\frac{AAA}{BB}}_{ Text 1}+ \underbrace{YYY}_{Text 2}+\underbrace{ZZZ}_{Text 3}$ };   \end{tikzpicture}  \end{document}
103529
How do you get the \delta\rightarrow 0 underneath the line underneath the limit.  This is what I have so far  \underline{\lim\limits}_{\delta \rightarrow 0}
72283
Sometimes it's annoying that LaTeX stretches and shrinks formulas in math mode. I know that one can prevent that with ${ ... }$, but I have a big document (~100 pages) and I don't want to check every formula and fix it (not to mention complication of the code). So, is there a way to just fix spacing for every formula? I don't think that overall result will be so bad as long as I use microtype package.
41904
LaTeX is trying to add a missing $ that I don't want to the following code. Minimal working example:  \documentclass[letter,12pt]{article}  \newcommand{\monkeyBeans}[2][]{   \parbox{4in}{#1} }  \begin{document}  \parbox{4in}{$[a, b]$}   \monkeyBeans[$[a, b]$]{yo monkey}  \end{document}   If I try any of the following lines in my document instead of the call to monkeyBeans, there is no error:  \parbox{4in}{$[a, b]$}  \monkeyBeans[yo monkey]{$[a, b]$} \monkeyBeans[$(a, b)$]{yo monkey} \monkeyBeans{$[a, b]$}{yo monkey}   What is the deal with square brackets in optional arguments?
23639
In the inline math mode ($...$), if the formula is too long, LaTeX will try to break it on operators, e.g.  very long text followed by a very long equation like $a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l$ etc   may be rendered as  very long text followed by a very long equation like a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+ j+k+l etc   However, the break won't happen if they are separated by commas, e.g.  very long text followed by a very long equation like $a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l$ etc   will overflow the page like  very long text followed by a very long equation like a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l etc   How to make LaTeX able to insert line breaks after a comma too?
88747
I find unexpected behaviour in using mathtools in conjunction with unicode-math, which shows up if the 'range' command is used. Some incompatibilities have been noted before, so perhaps this is related. However, it only showed up for me in Texlive2016; previous versions worked as expected. In the following example I wish to draw calligraphic fonts from a different set than the main maths fonts, and some calligraphic symbols, and a regular italic bold face math, are missing.   \documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathtools}  \usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{unicode-math} \unimathsetup{math-style=ISO,bold-style=ISO,sans-style=italic} \setmainfont{xits-regular.otf} \setmathfont{xits-math.otf} \setmathfont[range={\mathcal,\mathbfcal}]{latinmodern-math.otf} %\setmathfont[range={}]{xits-math.otf} % Try with and without this line % \begin{document} Test $a+b = \mathcal{C H G}C \mathscr{D}$ $$-\frac{a}{b} \mathcal{O} . $$ \begin{equation}     \mathrm{d} = \mathcal G(\varphi,x,y,z,t) ,  \end{equation} The symbol $\mathcal{G}$ is missing.  The following equation is wrong if I include the line  ``setmathfont[range=\{\}] \{xits-math.otf\}'' \begin{equation}     \mathup{d} = \symbf{u}(\varphi,x,y,z,t) ,  \end{equation} The glyph $\symbf{u}$ is missing. \end{document}   If mmathtools is called after unicode-math the problem does not arise, but this ordering is not recommend by the unicode-math developers.  My specific question is, is this a bug or is it something I am doing wrong?
13187
Why does the following code does'nt work when i am using PDFLaTeX or just LaTeX ? I tried it in different editors as well.  This is the code   $\{f^'_n\}$   Surprisingly it works on Math.SE site
120540
I'm currently typing a mathematical document which counts many sum symbols. I frequently use the align environment to render equations, although the default behaviour of this environment is to render the equations in displaystyle, which in my opinion wastes vertical space. I therefore have added \textstyle at the beginning of each line of math in this environment, but I'm looking for a more convenient solution.   So is there an environment that is similar to align with the exception it displays textstyle math by default ? Thank you.