I installed ubuntu 14 desktop version with VMWare Fusion on my mac, as I need to execute some linux binaries on mac. The issue is that ubuntu itself occupies almost 1G bytes of memory with the GUI. I sometimes need to run the GUI programs, but most of the time, I use ubuntu as a server accessed with ssh from mac. So, it's overkill when I assigned only 2G memory for the virtual machine to run ubuntu.   My question is how to switch ubuntu in GUI or CUI (command line user interface, i.e., text mode) mode in this case to save memory?   I'm not trying to run cui mode at booting time, I just want to switch between gui and text mode.
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Is it possible to disable X at boot time? I'm setting up a server so it would be nice if it wouldn't load the graphical interface every time I boot.
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Does anyone have experience with using very large heaps, 12 GB or higher in Java?   Does the GC make the program unusable? What GC params do you use? Which JVM, Sun or BEA would be better suited for this? Which platform, Linux or Windows, performs better under such conditions? In the case of Windows is there any performance difference to be had between 64 bit Vista and XP under such high memory loads?
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I've tried so many combinations - all I want is a fast Ubuntu Live USB disk with persistence that works. What I've tried so far:   Using unetbootin on my Mac, choosing some "Space used to preserve files across reboots (Ubuntu only)".   Result: Doesn't boot at all.  Using unetbootin on my Mac, choosing no such space.  Result: Boots fine and very fast (doesn't even show the annoying dialog "Try ubuntu/install ubuntu" at startup!), but has no persistence. (So I have to choose my keyboard layout, install programs I need, etc. every time)  Using Startup Disk Creator from my Ubuntu 11.04 installation.  Result: I cannot choose "reserved extra space" at all. It's greyed out. I know I know, there was bug , and many people say that the workaround from  works for them. But it doesn't work with Ubuntu 11.04 anymore (see also ).  Using Startup Disk Creator from my Kubuntu 10.10 installation, gnome version (usb-creator-gtk).   Result: I can select the "reserved extra space" option, but installation doesn't work (fails when installing the bootloader).  Using Startup Disk Creator from my Kubuntu 10.10 installation, kde version (usb-creator-kde).   Result: Actually works: Reserved space can be selected, installation works. But after booting, I get the screen "Try ubuntu/install ubuntu". Clicking on "Try ubuntu" takes me to the desktop - but only after waiting 5 minutes (every time!). It also doesn't seem to keep my keyboard settings.    I know, that instead of creating a startup disk, I could install a full ubuntu system on the USB stick. But as far as I know, this isn't very good, because /tmp and similar directories will then also be on the USB disk, which is a) slow, and b) not very good for the USB disk due to frequent overwriting.  I'm frustrated. So has anybody managed to create a working Ubuntu 11.04 Live USB disk with persistence?
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I am thinking of getting a dual Intel Xeon machine, each CPU is a quad core.  Will Ubuntu utilize both processors, especially with both being quad core, optimally?  Wanting to do Video editing and processing, but the Xeon machine's clock speed is actually slower than my current computer, so if both procs are not being used, I will actually end up with a slower machine than I already have.  I am not too familiar with dual processor machines. Thanks in advance for any answers.
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I've been thinking a lot about this lately and haven't been able to find any good documentation online that explains this:  When installing Ubuntu Server, I can choose between Minimal system and Minimal virtual machine by hitting the F4 button at the install screen.  Why should I choose one over the other?
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I've got a 32-bit Ubuntu installation running on 64-bit hardware. Now that , I would like to switch to 64-bit without having to reinstall the OS.  This is one of the :  Shawn installed his system using the 32-bit version of Ubuntu, but his hardware is 64-bit and he wants to switch over. He manually installs the amd64 versions of dpkg and apt, replacing the i386 versions and changing which architecture is used as the default; then he installs the amd64 ubuntu-minimal package; then he installs the amd64 ubuntu-desktop package. Over time the remaining i386 packages are replaced automatically on upgrade.  However, when trying to follow the instructions in there, I cannot find any 64-bit version of dpkg or apt.  Did this user story got implemented in a different way in the final spec, or do I need to do something differently?  In short, how can I switch my 32-bit installation to 64-bit?
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I just want to know, what is the difference between ubuntu Minimal, Desktop &amp; Server Editions? How they differ? is it by performance? If yes which one is recommended for a normal user and which one is recommended for a advanced user ?
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This is a followup question to my  related to the Ubuntu 19.10 freeze where I had to restart the machine every time.   I looked up at my swapfile and it is of 2G size. I do have a 16G of RAM. But the memory that is being used by the swapfile is '0'. I don't understand what is going on with this.  $ swapon         NAME      TYPE SIZE USED PRIO         /swapfile file   2G   0B   -2 $ free                   total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available     Mem:       16383568     2503164    11927228      477108     1953176    13073208     Swap:       2097148           0     2097148   The following is the image. Can some one help me with this?   Update: The following are the version of the NVIDIA driver I have.  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NVIDIA-SMI 435.21       Driver Version: 435.21       CUDA Version: 10.1     | |-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC | | Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. | |===============================+======================+======================| |   0  GeForce RTX 2080    Off  | 00000000:08:00.0  On |                  N/A | |  0%   49C    P8    17W / 225W |    394MiB /  7981MiB |      9%      Default | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Processes:                                                       GPU Memory | |  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      | |=============================================================================| |    0      1045      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                            24MiB | |    0      1444      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           101MiB | |    0      1652      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                         206MiB | |    0      6468      G   /usr/lib/firefox/firefox                       6MiB | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+   Update 2: The following are the results of systcl vm.swappiness and grep -i swap /etc/fstab  ~$ sysctl vm.swappiness     vm.swappiness = 60 ~$ grep -i swap /etc/fstab     /swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0   Update 3: Added the result for ls -al /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions  - Did not have the folder extensions under /.local/share/gnome-shell  $ ls -al /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions total 20 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Oct 17  2019 . drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Nov 27 09:32 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 17  2019 desktop-icons@csoriano drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 17  2019 ubuntu-appindicators@ubuntu.com drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 17  2019 ubuntu-dock@ubuntu.com   Update 3: Here I am attaching the drivers I am using for the NVidia. I have tried 435 but I kept on seeing some display issues with it. They come and go. They are something like this.    Now I tried the 430 in the drivers section. This seems to work fine so far. I have seen those out of order pixels but very rarely. What could be the reason for this? And I tried installinng the newly release 440 drivers for the nVidia but it kept on failing and therefore as a lost resort I had to move back to 430.
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Hi I have ubuntu server 10.04 installed and I also installed the following:  su aptitude install xorg xfce4 aptitude install &lt;name of GUI browser, I use firefox&gt; aptitude install gedit aptitude install gnome-terminal   Now when I restart the system it goes to the GUI login, what I am really after is a system that loads the CLI by default and then I can use startx to load the GUI when really necessary. I am trying to learn CLI but I would like to retain access to the GUI for now. And, how can I switch between CLI and GUI anytime?
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Going to install Ubuntu 10.10 on new intel x25M 80GB SSD. It will be fresh install. I have been googling for past few days and getting overwhelming articles/blogs/Q&amp;As. One particularly very useful being:     But with so many suggestions and differences of opinions (on different links) this simple OS install process seems to be daunting task to me and I really want to stick with Ubuntu (although have used for very short period of time).  Can someone help me by answering few questions (yes, they are repeated because I couldn't comprehend the answers elsewhere)   Which file system (ext2/3/4 or something else)? (consider SSD life) Can it be changed after installation? Should I partition the disk? (as we do in traditional HDD) for now, no plan of dual booting. Only Ubuntu will live on scarce space of 80GB SSD. I have 2 GB RAM, should i still allocate swap space (if I don't allocate swap space, can I still hibernate the machine)? will swap space impact SSD life? Should I consider putting additional 1GB RAM to avoid swap space? What is partition aligning? Is it needed to be done before installing the Ubuntu OS or can be done later?   Intended usage - heavy browsing, programming, regular video/music and some other non-CPU/RAM-intensive programs. Will keep big files in an external hard drive.  laptop config - 3yr old Vaio, Core2 Duo, 2GB RAM  More references:        (resizing/creating does not seem a simple process after look this)
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I am looking to run Ubuntu/Xubuntu in a complete non-GUI mode. Like, when the system starts it needs to log in into console. That is all, no loading of any display manager, x server, GUI-based app support, nothing in the background either for GUI.
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I've been running Ubuntu 17.10 for a good while. Starting yesterday (April 9) the process gnome-software started using large amounts of memory. I don't know if it is related to the update that I took that day.  gnome-software grows to use up to 7G of memory (my system has 8G of RAM.)  This expands into eating up swap and root. My root usually runs at 51% of its total disk space and it went up to 96%. System ground to a halt. Had to power off. Only after some automatic disk cleaning (?) did root return to 51% usage on its own.  This happened twice yesterday and it is starting again today.  After running only 1 hour gnome-software is now using (according to system monitor) virtual mem=5.4G, Resident me=4.7G, memory=4.7G    More info:    This is continuing to happen.  The root disk space is being used in at least the file /var/log/syslog.  Over the last few hours it has grown to 4.9G in size.  I have to manually kill the gnome-software process and delete the log file to keep the computer functional.  When gnome-software starts using memory, the CPU jumps up and down  from 100% to 0%.  This can be seen in the system monitor program in the resources tab. I verified this by stopping the gnome-software process and CPU usage goes to almost nothing.  Telling the process to continue show CPU usage jumping all over again.  This CPU usage doesn't show up in "% CPU" on the process page.  Probably due to the refresh interval?    Even more info:    This is the error that repeats over and over in /var/log/syslog when this is happening. syslog was 1.7G when I caught it this time.  Apr 10 20:27:31 rwkeating-XPS-8300 gnome-software[2485]: g_byte_array_remove_range: assertion 'index_ + length &lt;= array-&gt;len' failed Apr 10 20:27:31 rwkeating-XPS-8300 gnome-software[2485]: Ignoring unexpected response   I verified this by pausing the gnome-software process while doing a tail on syslog and then un-pausing the gnome-software process only to see the error flooding the log.  So it is caught in this loop.  Don't know what it means ... yet.
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I'm running a Windows 10 64-bit host OS on a Dell XPS 9560 with 8GB of RAM.  I've installed Ubuntu 16.04 for programming purposes using VM Workstation, and currently allocated 1GB RAM for the Ubuntu 16.04 guest OS. From what I noticed now the VM's performance is a little slow from time to time, especially when starting an app (Like CLion IDE or Firefox for example).   I need a performance boost, so is there a way to increase the RAM size in the existing Ubuntu 16.04 guest OS, rather than having to install a whole new guest OS in VMware Workstation and allocate more RAM during the installation process?
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My host is x64 bits Windows 8.1.  I downloaded the latest Virtual Box (4.3) and I'm trying to create a VM with a 64 bits Ubuntu OS (ubuntu-12.04.3-desktop-amd64).  When I go to New VM wizard, it doesn't give me option to select "Ubuntu (x64)" as I have seen in other people's screenshots, only just "Ubuntu". As a result, the ISO can't boot. I tried in another PC and Virtual Box gives the x64 variants to most listed OS...  Control Panel shows x64 OS, x64 processor. My host laptop is a Sony Vaio VPCZ22UGX/N, Intel® Core™ i7-2640M processor. CPUz shows Vx-t is available on my processor, of course.  Here is what I tried so far:   I enabled IO APIC as required in the docs. I have virtualization enabled in the BIOS. It works fine in VMware. Check that Hyper-V is not running or even installed on my Windows. Same for VMware. I also tried running the command:  VBoxManage modifyvm [vmname] --longmode on    for that VM, but no change.. I think the issue is really that I can't select x64 variant of the Ubuntu OS for that VM. Other people seem to indicate that's a requirement, but I don't get that option for some reason.  I spent a lot of time and can't find what's wrong... Anyone knows what could be missing here?  Thank you very much!!  Eduardo
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When i installed ubuntu in my x86 machine, I had to configure some memory as 'swap area'.  What is the use of this memory and what is the importance of this memory in linux file systems?  How can I determine the exact size of 'swap area' in a machine for the safe working of linux inside in it?
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This question exists because it has historical significance, but it is not considered a good, on-topic question for this site, so please do not use it as evidence that you can ask similar questions here.  While you are encouraged to help maintain its answers, please understand that "big list" questions are not generally allowed on Ask Ubuntu and will be closed per the .     I installed Ubuntu 11.04 on one of my systems and I am using the Unity interface. Unity is working quite well so far but I really miss panel applets for net speed, cpu temp, and system monitor.   These applets are useful for viewing quick info. Unlike 10.10, there is no other way to get this info onto the panel or unity launcher. There are solutions like screenlets and conky but they don't feel appropriate for a clean desktop look.  If you know one then please list out any third party indicators with links so that they can be found.
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My Mac mini doesn't have sufficient hardware for Ubuntu 11.04 (specifically Unity I think), and so I have to use the classic environment, which is fine, but it seems to run slower on 11.04 (I'm upgrading now to 11.10).  However, I heard  that if it runs slow I should use Xubuntu or Lubuntu.   So my question is:    What is the best way to upgrade from Ubuntu 11.10 to Xubuntu or Lubuntu and which one would be better for a late 2005 model Mac Mini PPC?