In the three types of pNFS (block layout, file layout and object layout), as I know, block layout is lack of security. So, between file layout and object layout of pNFS, which type is more secure?
21876
As I know, Parallel NFS (pNFS) has three types: file layout, block layout and object layout. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type?
68452
I'm mounting a NFS filesystem on my machine.  How do I figure out what version of the NFS protocol the server uses?  I don't have access to the NFS server machine, but I do have root on my client machine.  Is there anything I can run on my client machine to identify what version of the NFS protocol is being used by the server, or what versions it supports?  I wasn't able to find any useful information in /var/log/messages or kernel debugging output (dmesg).  I have tried running nfsstat, but I'm not sure if it is giving me any useful information.  However, when I run nfsstat -s to request information about the server, I don't see anything useful:  # nfsstat -s Server rpc stats: calls      badcalls   badfmt     badauth    badclnt 0          0          0          0          0          When I run nfsstat -c to request information about the client, I do see some information about Client nfs v3, but I'm not sure how to interpret this.  Does this tell me anything about the protocol being used between my client machine and the NFS server?  Does it mean I am currently using v3 of the NFS protocol?  Does it tell me anything about what versions of the NFS protocol the server supports, e.g., NFS v4?
76533
The current top-voted to  states:     Another one that's not so much a security issue, although it is security-related, is complete and abject failure to grok the difference between hashing a password and encrypting it. Most commonly found in code where the programmer is trying to provide unsafe "Remind me of my password" functionality.   What exactly is this difference? I was always under the impression that hashing was a form of encryption. What is the unsafe functionality the poster is referring to?
1738
I've noticed that when I do a:  ls -ls file   It provides block count, say 8 blocks.  When I do:  stat file   I notice that the block count is 16, twice the number given by ls.   The block size on my file system is 4096. I learned that the arbitrary unit for blocks used by ls is 1024. Is it correct to say that stat uses an arbitrary unit of 512 bytes when reporting blocks?  If so, is there a reason for the inconsistency?  I'm running Ubuntu 11.10 on an ext4 file system.
81924
I'm trying to find the best way for a basic security system for a website.  I know I want users and groups.  I thought I'd have:  user_table user_id user_name ...  group_type group_id group_name parent_id ...  group_table id user_id group_id   First one is the user, second one is the group, and the third one is the intermediary table that connects the two.  One user has many groups.  Does this sound ok?
114378
Is there a way to block all normal ftp traffic, and only allow the sftp protocol in sftp?  edit:  sorry my bad!  for secure ftp i must use the ftpes protocol...
102546
I need to zip and password-protect a file. Is there a good (free) library for this?  This needs to be opened by a third party, so the password protection needs to work with standard tools.
75567
Short version: In what circumstances is dd safe to use for copying data, safe meaning that there is no risk of corruption due to a partial read or write?  Long version — preamble: dd is often used to copy data, especially from or to a device (). It's sometimes attributed mystical properties of being able to access devices at a lower level than other tools (when in fact it's the device file that's doing the magic) — yet dd if=/dev/sda is the same thing as cat /dev/sda. dd is sometimes thought to be faster, but . Nonetheless, .  Problem: dd if=foo of=bar is not, in fact, the same as cat &lt;foo &gt;bar. On most unices¹, dd makes a single call to . (I find  fuzzy on what constitutes “reading an input block” in dd.) If read() returns a partial result (which, according to POSIX and other reference documents, it's allowed to unless the implementation documentation says otherwise), a partial block is copied. Exactly the same issue exists for write().  Observations: In practice, I've found that dd can cope with block devices and regular files, but that may just be that I haven't exercised it much. When it comes to pipes, it's not difficult to put dd at fault; for example try :  yes | dd of=out bs=1024k count=10   and check the size of the out file (it's likely to be well under 10MB).  Question: In what circumstances is dd safe to use for copying data? In other words, what conditions on the block sizes, on the implementation, on the file types, etc, can ensure that dd will copy all the data?  ( has a fullblock flag to tell it to call read() or write() in a loop so as to transfer a full block. So dd iflag=fullblock is always safe. My question is about the case when these flags (which don't exist on other implementations) are not used.)  ¹  I've checked on OpenBSD, GNU coreutils and BusyBox.
82929
A bit confused when reading through the logs of my smtp/mail server, I'm turning this questions to you guys.   In the maillog files I'm seeing entries for postfix/smtp as well as postfix/smtpd. I can also see that there are possible settings for smtp as well as smtpd in the file main.cf  Trying to find some reasonable explanation through google search seemed to be impossible, so here is my question to you guys.  My server was kind of compromised and the spam mails where going through postfix/smtp and not smtpd. Please help me to understand. Thanks in advance!
32460
Is there a way to open files without changing the UI layout?  Sometimes in older files the layout will be in the old 2.4x style, which can be annoying.  One way would seem to be appending everything in, but that gets tedious with having to do it over again and again for objects, materials, textures, etc.
3447
On Android's root (/), what is the purpose of each folder? I want to learn the folder hierarchy structure. I would like to know the differences between Android 2.3 and 4.x, if they have different folders in "/".
94977
I've got a question concerning the block size and cluster size. Regarding to what I have read about that I assume the following:   The block size is the physical size of a block, mostly 512 bytes. There is no way to change this. The cluster size is the minimal size of a block that is read and writable by the OS. If I create a new filesystem e.g. ext3, I can specify this minimal block size with the switch -b. Almost all programs like dumpe2fs, mke2fs use block size as an name for cluster size.   If I have got the following output:  $ stat test File: `test' Size: 13            Blocks: 4          IO Block: 2048   regular file Device: 700h/1792d  Inode: 15          Links: 1   Is it correct that the size is the actual space in bytes, blocks are the physically used blocks (512 bytes for each) and IO block relates to the block size specified when creating the FS?
16122
This is a  about RAID levels.    What are:   the RAID levels typically used (including the RAID-Z family)?  deployments are they commonly found in? benefits and pitfalls of each?
42083
What are the C++ coding and file organization guidelines you suggest for people who have to deal with lots of interdependent classes spread over several source and header files?  I have this situation in my project and solving class definition related errors crossing over several header files has become quite a headache.
26021
What is a *.pkinfo file?   Google Search results talk about Package Info files and how they contain map documents and layers, so I don't see how this is different from a .mpk file.    I also have not found anything about how to create a *.pkinfo file.
41822
I need to generate a 256 bit encryption key described by the adjectives in the title. Currently I intend to create the key using this .  Is this a secure manner of creating the key, given that it has the following properties:   Private key for symmetric encryption Used many times (of course with unique IV's)   And given the following facts:   I will literally just get the RNG to produce 32 random bytes not doing anything with (1) SALT (2) Iterations (3) Anything else   Please note that I am only asking if the key, directly after being generated, is secure. Thanks
10325
I am about to set up box to basically be a file server. I plan on having multiple drives in the box, and would like to set them all up so that they appear to be a single drive. So I could essentially have it mounted at say /media and not really care which drive gets used. I am not sure what the correct terminology for doing this is, so my Google fu is useless in this situation.   So how do I set up multiple hard drives to appear as one single drive?