what are the health problems associated with down syndrome?
447871
['Heart defects. ... ', 'Vision problems. ... ', 'Hearing loss. ... ', 'Infections. ... ', 'Hypothyroidism. ... ', 'Blood disorders. ... ', 'Hypotonia (poor muscle tone). ... ', 'Problems with the upper part of the spine.']
156022
Chromosomal abnormalities can have many different effects, depending on the specific abnormality. For example, an extra copy of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Chromosomal abnormalities can also cause miscarriage, disease, or problems in growth or development.
244788
['Abdominal Organs and Gastrointestinal System.', 'Blood and BloodForming Tissue Diseases.', 'Body Build Deficiency.', 'Advanced Dental Diseases.', 'Ears and Hearing Loss.', 'Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.', 'Loss of Function in Upper Extremities.', 'Loss of Function in Lower Extremities.']
1209663
1. Today the average lifespan of a person with Down syndrome is approximately 60 years. As recently as 1983, the average lifespan of a person with Down syndrome was 25 years.
1401503
While Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder, a baby is usually identified at birth through observation of a set of common physical characteristics. Babies with Down syndrome tend to be overly quiet; less responsive; with weak, floppy muscles. Furthermore, a number of physical signs may be present.
923098
['Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), caused by an extra chromosome 21; this may occur in all or most cells of the body.', 'Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18), a condition associated with severe mental retardation; caused by an extra chromosome 18.']
907155
['Mental Retardation.', 'Hearing Impairments.', 'Orthopedic Impairments.', 'Visual Impairments including Blindness.', 'Deaf-Blindness.', 'Deafness.', 'Various Health Impairments (Sickle-cell anemia, TB, etc.)', 'Autism Spectrum Disorders.']
85452
['recurring chest infections.', 'wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and damage to the airways (bronchiectasis)', 'difficulty putting on weight and growing.', 'jaundice.', 'diarrhoea, constipation, or large, smelly poo.', 'a bowel obstruction in newborn babies (meconium ileus) – surgery may be needed.']
949970
['Intellectual disabilities.', 'Down syndrome.', 'Autism.', 'Tourette syndrome.', 'Cerebral palsy.', 'Spina bifida.', 'Fragile X syndrome.', 'Fetal alcohol and drug-related syndromes.']
1449781
TRISOMY 21 (NONDISJUNCTION) Down syndrome is usually caused by an error in cell division called “nondisjunction.” Nondisjunction results in an embryo with three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two. Prior to or at conception, a pair of 21st chromosomes in either the sperm or the egg fails to separate.
103149
['malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, or anemia.', 'osteoporosis from too little vitamin D and calcium.', 'decreased immune function.', 'increased risk for complications from surgery.', 'fertility issues caused by irregular menstrual cycles.', 'growth and development issues, especially in children and teenagers.']
1332589
Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small “packages” of genes in the body. They determine how a baby's body forms during pregnancy and how the baby's body functions as it grows in the womb and after birth. Typically, a baby is born with 46 chromosomes.
783713
Today the average lifespan of a person with Down syndrome is approximately 60 years. As recently as 1983, the average lifespan of a person with Down syndrome was 25 years.
360837
['Mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders.', 'Cardiovascular disease, including heart disease, high blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, heart attacks, and stroke.', 'Obesity and other eating disorders.', 'Menstrual problems.']
425971
['having an immediate family member with autism.', 'genetic mutations.', 'fragile X syndrome and other genetic disorders.', 'being born to older parents.', 'low birth weight.', 'metabolic imbalances.', 'exposure to heavy metals and environmental toxins.', 'a history of viral infections.']
636518
['Placental dysfunction leading to fetal growth restriction.', 'Placental abruption and other placental disorders (such as vasa previa)', 'Genetic abnormalities.', 'Congenital birth defects.', 'Umbilical cord complications.', 'Uterine rupture.']
209684
["A birth defect that affects the baby's gastrointestinal tract or central nervous system.", 'Maternal diabetes.', 'Twin-twin transfusion — a possible complication of identical twin pregnancies in which one twin receives too much blood and the other too little.']