is avian influenza a notifiable disease?
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Avian influenza (bird flu) mainly affects birds. It can also affect humans and other mammals. Bird flu is a notifiable animal disease. If you suspect any type of bird flu in poultry you must report it immediately by calling the Defra Rural Services Helpline on 03000 200 301.
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Mumps is a notifiable disease under the Public Health (Scotland) Act 2008.
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There is no evidence that the avian pox virus can infect humans and therefore it is not a public health concern. In some populations of birds (wild turkey, bald eagle and albatross), avian pox may be a significant mortality factor.
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What Is Bird Flu? Bird flu, or avian influenza, is a viral infection spread from bird to bird. Currently, a particularly deadly strain of bird flu -- H5N1 -- continues to spread among poultry in Egypt and in certain parts of Asia. Technically, H5N1 is a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus.
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Some avian influenza viruses have caused rare, sporadic infections in people, resulting in human illness ranging from mild to severe. These viruses are of public health concern because of their ability to cause human illness and also because of their potential to cause a pandemic.
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While their effectiveness varies from year to year, most provide modest to high protection against influenza. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that vaccination against influenza reduces sickness, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths.
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What is type A influenza? Influenza — also known as the flu — is a contagious viral infection that attacks your respiratory system. Influenza viruses that infect humans can be classified into three main groups: A, B, and C. Type A influenza infection can be serious and cause widespread outbreaks and disease.
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In temperate climates, seasonal epidemics occur mainly during winter, while in tropical regions, influenza may occur throughout the year, causing outbreaks more irregularly. The time from infection to illness, known as the incubation period, is about 2 days, but ranges from one to four days.
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CDC combats emerging diseases and other health risks, including birth defects, West Nile virus, obesity, avian, swine, and pandemic flu, E. coli, and bioterrorism, to name a few.
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As of 9 July 2020, a total of 1,568 laboratory-confirmed human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus have been reported to WHO since early 2013. Among them, 33 cases were infected with HPAI A(H7N9) virus, which have mutations in the hemagglutinin gene indicating a change to high pathogenicity in poultry.
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Tuberculosis is a reportable infectious disease, as stipulated in Minnesota Rules Governing Communicable Diseases. Confirmed or suspected cases of TB disease must be reported to MDH within 1 working day of identification. Both pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of TB disease are reportable.
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An airline can refuse travel to any passenger who is unwell and they suspect may be contagious. Anyone who has recovered from an infectious disease, but still shows signs, for example spots following chicken pox, should carry a letter from their GP confirming that they are no longer infectious.
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Infected birds can shed avian influenza A viruses in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with the virus as it is shed by infected birds. They also can become infected through contact with surfaces that are contaminated with virus from infected birds.
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In 2003, chronic HBV infection became nationally notifiable and is reportable by state health departments to NNDSS. All states are encouraged to report chronic hepatitis B infection.
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Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) is a potentially deadly disease that affects parrots, cockatoos and lorikeets (psittacine birds). It is caused by the highly infectious Beak and Feather Disease (BFD) virus. It is not known to cause disease in humans.
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There are several different types of influenza virus: A, B, C, and D. Influenza types A, B, and C can cause illness in humans. But types A and B cause seasonal epidemics of respiratory illness nearly every year. Influenza A typically causes the majority of illnesses during flu season.
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A novel influenza A virus is one that has caused human infection, but is different from current seasonal human influenza A viruses that circulate among people. Novel influenza A viruses are usually influenza A viruses that circulate among animals.