what are the health consequences of obesity in childhood?
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More Immediate Health Risks Children who have obesity are more likely to have: High blood pressure and high cholesterol, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Breathing problems, such as asthma and sleep apnea.
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Additionally, obesity is linked to an increased risk of negative psychosocial consequences that may also contribute to body image. Examples of such consequences include low self-esteem, depression, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating.
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For infants, not being breastfed is associated with an increased incidence of infectious morbidity, including otitis media, gastroenteritis, and pneumonia, as well as elevated risks of childhood obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, leukemia, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
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Important associations exist between BMI and almost every category of mortality outcome. In contrast with some previous evidence suggesting that overweight might be protective, we found that risk began to increase above 21–25 kg/m2 for most outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
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Eating junk food while pregnant increases the chance that your child is more likely to eat an unhealthy diet, high in sugar and fat, and be at increased risk of obesity, The Sun reported.
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Obesity significantly increases your risk of diabetes and high blood pressure, and these conditions are also intimately intertwined with heart disease. For instance, an obese person's risk of a heart attack is 3 times greater than that of a person who has a healthy weight.
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Obesity makes you more likely to have high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels, which are risk factors for heart disease and strokes. Type 2 diabetes. Obesity can affect the way your body uses insulin to control blood sugar levels. This raises your risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Health Problems Linked to Obesity In adults, overweight and obesity are linked to increased risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes (high blood sugar), high blood pressure, certain cancers, and other chronic conditions. Research has shown that obese children are more likely to be overweight or obese as adults.
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Chocolate milk contains added sugars and therefore more calories that can lead to more overweight and obesity. In the United States, 1/3 of children are already overweight and obese and at higher risk for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer.
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["You'll gain weight. Eating foods that are high in calories, fat, sugar, and sodium feels rewarding in the short-term, but can lead to unwanted weight gain and diabetes down the road. ... ", 'Fast food is addictive. ... ', "You're not getting any nutrition. ... ", 'Depression and anxiety. ... ', 'Digestive problems hit hard. ... ', 'Your heart suffers.']
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Obesity affects every segment of the U.S. population. Obesity increases the risk of many chronic diseases in children and adults. The epidemic of obesity arose gradually over time, apparently from a small, consistent degree of positive energy balance.
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“The way a parent feeds their child may also influence their child's weight to some extent, but our results challenge the prevailing view that parental behaviour is the major influence on childhood obesity.”
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Childhood obesity is also related to8-10: Psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. Low self-esteem and lower self-reported quality of life. Social problems such as bullying and stigma.
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A major challenge in identifying infants at highest risk for obesity is that there is currently no accepted definition for excess adiposity in infants under age 2 years. BMI is used to assess obesity in children and adults,6 and the World Health Organization (WHO) has published BMI standards for infants.
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Causes of obesity Obesity is generally caused by eating too much and moving too little. If you consume high amounts of energy, particularly fat and sugars, but don't burn off the energy through exercise and physical activity, much of the surplus energy will be stored by the body as fat.
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Children born to women who had a gestational diabetes mellitus-affected pregnancy are more likely to be overweight and obese [6–8], giving rise to the notion that gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal exposure to hyperglycemia are responsible for increased adiposity in children.
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Some of the potential consequences include birth defects, the development of breathing disorders, skin diseases, and cancer. Most of these develop after exposure to waste from water poisoning and soil contamination. Land pollution has also been linked to developmental deficits in children.