is ovarian cancer estrogen driven?
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It is hypothesized that the longer a woman is exposed to estrogen, the higher her risk of ovarian cancer. Since high levels of estrogen are present only during the childbearing years, the longer the woman menstruates, the higher her risk.
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Estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen and progesterone are the female sex hormones, and they're produced mainly by the ovaries - the female gonads. The female body can synthesize 3 types of estrogens: estradiol, estrone and estriol.
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FSH causes ovarian follicles to enlarge and produce estrogen. Over time, fewer and fewer follicles remain to be stimulated and thus estrogen levels decline as a woman ages. This decline in estrogen leads to an increase in FSH as there is not enough estrogen being produced to "turn off" the brain's production of FSH.
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One key risk factor is age. Most women who develop ovarian cancer are diagnosed after menopause, at age 55 or older, though patients in their 40s and 50s have also been diagnosed with the disease. If you have a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer, you may also be at an increased risk.
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Thecal cells are not capable of producing estrogen but do produce androgens in response to LH, which are then converted into estrogen by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced aromatase in the neighboring granulosa cells of selected growing follicles.
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When the endometrium is no longer shed, estrogen can cause an overgrowth of cells in the uterus, a condition that can lead to cancer. Progesterone reduces the risk of endometrial (uterine) cancer by making the endometrium thin.
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Most ovarian cancer develops after menopause; about half of ovarian cancers occur in women over age 60. Unfortunately, only 15 percent of ovarian cancers are diagnosed at an early stage, when the disease is confined to the ovary and is most easily treated.
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Other medications also play a role; for example, aromatase inhibitors may drive estradiol levels down to less than 1 pg/ml. In a normal menstrual cycle, estradiol levels fluctuate as follows: <50 pg/ml during menstrual periods. 200 pg/ml (maximum) during follicular development.
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Estrogens and progestins are female hormones. They are produced by the body and are necessary for the normal sexual development of the female and for the regulation of the menstrual cycle during the childbearing years. The ovaries begin to produce less estrogen after menopause (the change of life).
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Causes of high estrogen High levels of estrogen can develop naturally, but too much estrogen can also result from taking certain medications. For example, estrogen replacement therapy, a popular treatment for symptoms of menopause, may cause estrogen to reach problematic levels.
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Androgens and estrogens are hormones. Estrogens are produced by the body in greater amounts in females. They are necessary for normal sexual development of the female and for regulation of the menstrual cycle during the childbearing years. Androgens are produced by the body in greater amounts in males.
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Ovarian cancer treatment may result in the removal of both ovaries and Fallopian tubes, and the uterus (womb). This means you won't be able to become pregnant naturally but you may still have other options.
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Inherited gene mutations. A small percentage of ovarian cancers are caused by gene mutations you inherit from your parents. The genes known to increase the risk of ovarian cancer are called breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2). These genes also increase the risk of breast cancer.
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Estrogen causes the lining to grow and thicken to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. In the middle of the cycle, an egg is released from one of the ovaries (ovulation). Following ovulation, levels of another hormone called progesterone begin to increase.
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Estrogens are endogenous hormones with numerous physiological action. The most potent naturally occurring estrogen in humans is 17β-estradiol (E2), followed by estrone (E1) and estriol (E3).
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Being overweight and high estrogen Your body produces estrogen in the adrenal glands, brain, and in your ovaries or testes, depending on your equipment. Another place both men and women produce estrogen is in adipose (fat) tissues. As expected, the more fat cells you have, the more estrogen you will make.
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Half of ovarian cancer cases are found in women age 63 or older, according to the American Cancer Society. Menopause doesn't cause ovarian cancer. But your chances of developing it go up as you get older. When you go through menopause, your risk increases just because of your age.