what is the difference between multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia?
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Plasma cell leukemia is clinically and genetically distinct from multiple myeloma. Plasma cell leukemia is defined by the observation in blood of more than 20% clonal plasma cells by differential count of the leucocytes or by counting more than 2 × 109 per liter circulating clonal plasma cells.
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Hence, unfused myeloma cells die, as they cannot produce nucleotides by the de novo or salvage pathways because they lack HGPRT. ... These cells produce antibodies (a property of B cells) and are immortal (a property of myeloma cells).
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Types of M Proteins There are five kinds of heavy chains, called IgG, IgA, IgD, IgM, and IgE. There are two types of light chains, called kappa and lambda. The most common type of M protein in myeloma is IgG. High levels of IgM suggest you may have Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
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Introduction. Plasma cells are differentiated B-lymphocyte white blood cells capable of secreting immunoglobulin, or antibody. These cells play a significant role in the adaptive immune response, namely, being the main cells responsible for humoral immunity.
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['Leukemia is a blood cancer that originates in the blood and bone marrow. ... ', 'Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a blood cancer that develops in the lymphatic system from cells called lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infections.']
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In CLL, the abnormal cells develop from early blood cells called the lymphoid blood stem cells. The cancerous white blood cells are B lymphocytes, also called B cells. In CML, the abnormal leukaemia cells develop from early blood cells called the myeloid blood stem cells. They become myelocytes.
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Survival rates are based on comparing people with multiple myeloma to their peers who don't have cancer. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), these are the average survival rates by stage: Stage 1: 62 months, which is approximately five years. Stage 2: 44 months, which is approximately three to four years.
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['Age. The risk of developing multiple myeloma goes up as people get older. ... ', 'Gender. Men are slightly more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women.', 'Race. Multiple myeloma is more than twice as common in African Americans than in white Americans. ... ', 'Family history. ... ', 'Obesity. ... ', 'Having other plasma cell diseases.']
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Plasmacytomas are potentially malignant skin tumors that tend to occur in older dogs. They are small, raised, and red in appearance. Males are slightly more likely than females to develop plasmacytomas.
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The main types of drug therapies used to treat multiple myeloma are proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), steroids, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, antibodies and chemotherapy. Each works in a different way, but with the common goal of controlling and destroying multiple myeloma cells.
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Based on the International Myeloma Working Group consensus, a formal diagnosis of MGUS is established when a serum M protein is detected and measured at a concentration less than 3 g/dL on serum protein electrophoresis along with less than 10 percent clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow.
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Myeloma cells are produced in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside your bones. Sometimes myeloma cells will travel through your blood stream and collect in other bones in your body. Because myeloma frequently occurs at many sites in the bone marrow, it is often referred to as multiple myeloma.
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Leukemia and lymphoma are both forms of blood cancer. The main difference is that leukemia affects the blood and bone marrow, while lymphomas tend to affect the lymph nodes.
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Symptoms of bone marrow cancer. Signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma may include: weakness and fatigue due to shortage of red blood cells (anemia) bleeding and bruising due to low blood platelets (thrombocytopenia)
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['Targeted therapy. Targeted drug treatment focuses on specific abnormalities within cancer cells that allow them to survive. ... ', "Biological therapy. Biological therapy drugs use your body's immune system to fight myeloma cells. ... ", 'Chemotherapy. ... ', 'Corticosteroids. ... ', 'Bone marrow transplant. ... ', 'Radiation therapy.']
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Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Incidence of MM and MGUS is higher among patients with autoimmune disease.
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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a condition in which an abnormal protein — known as monoclonal protein or M protein — is in your blood. This abnormal protein is formed within your bone marrow, the soft, blood-producing tissue that fills in the center of most of your bones.