what does synovial fluid consist of?
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In normal/healthy joint, the synovial fluid, which consists of an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma and glycoproteins contains HA macromolecules of molar mass ranging between 6–10 mega Daltons (Praest et al., 1997). SF serves also as a lubricating and shock absorbing boundary layer between moving parts of synovial joints.
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['Connective proper.', 'Cartilage.', 'Bone.', 'Blood.']
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Our bodies contain six types of synovial joints. Synovial joints are the most movable type of joint found in the human body. Joints are formed where bones come together. The six types of synovial joints are the pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid, and ball-and-socket joints.
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Joints Can Be Grouped By Their Structure into Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial Joints. Fibrous Joints. Between the articulations of fibrous joints is thick connective tissue, which is why most (but not all) fibrous joints are immovable (synarthroses).
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Blood consists of cellular material (99% red blood cells, with white blood cells and platelets making up the remainder), water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, vitamins, electrolytes, dissolved gasses, and cellular wastes. Each red blood cell is about one-third hemoglobin, by volume.
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Synovial fluid is a viscous solution found in the cavities of synovial joints. The principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilages of synovial joints during movement.
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Facet joints are synovial joints. This means each joint is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and produces a fluid to nourish and lubricate the joint. The joint surfaces are coated with cartilage allowing joints to move or glide smoothly (articulate) against each other.
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In RA, the white blood cells of the immune system move from the bloodstream into the joint tissues. Joint fluid may increase and the white cells are found in the fluid as well.
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The fluid compartment called the blood volume is interesting in that it is a composite compartment containing ECF (plasma) and ICF (red cell water). The fluid of bone & dense connective tissue is significant because it contains about 15% of the total body water.
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['Structural proteins: e.g. the collagen, the fibrillins, and elastin.', 'Specialized proteins: e.g. fibronectin, the various laminins, and the various integrins.']
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Friction between the bones at a synovial joint is prevented by the presence of the articular cartilage, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the entire articulating surface of each bone. ... This fluid also provides nourishment to the articular cartilage, which does not contain blood vessels.
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Fluid Connective Tissue Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. Cells circulate in a liquid extracellular matrix. ... Nutrients, salts, and wastes are dissolved in the liquid matrix and transported through the body. Lymph contains a liquid matrix and white blood cells.
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gas! "Gases are dissolved in the synovial fluid of the joint," he says. "When you stretch and quickly compress the joint capsule the gas is rapidly released, which forms bubbles and cracking noise. To crack the same joint again you have to wait until the gases return to the synovial fluid.
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Structure. The inner membrane of synovial joints is called the synovial membrane and secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity. Synovial fluid is an ultrafiltrate from plasma, and contains proteins derived from the blood plasma and proteins that are produced by cells within the joint tissues.
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Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers.
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Recent reviews of the evidence, however, indicate that even large molecule hyaluronan taken by mouth does increase synovial fluid in joints (7). From this research, we recommend supplementation of hyaluronic acid for athletes.
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['Plasma, which is a clear extracellular fluid.', 'Formed elements, which are made up of the blood cells and platelets.']