what are the causes of end stage renal failure?
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In the United States the two leading causes of kidney failure, also called end stage kidney disease or ESRD, are diabetes (also called Type 2, or adult onset diabetes) and high blood pressure.
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['Kidney disease, such as narrowing of the kidney arteries.', 'Certain medicines, such as birth control pills, amphetamines, some antidepressants, steroids, and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).', 'Hormone related diseases, such as hyperaldosteronism.', 'Sleep apnea.']
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When the kidneys are no longer working effectively, waste products, electrolytes, and fluid build-up in the blood. Dialysis takes over a portion of the function of the failing kidneys to remove the fluid and waste products. Kidney transplantation can even more completely take over the function of the failing kidneys.
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['Acute prerenal kidney failure. Insufficient blood flow to the kidneys can cause acute prerenal kidney failure. ... ', 'Acute intrinsic kidney failure. ... ', 'Chronic prerenal kidney failure. ... ', 'Chronic intrinsic kidney failure. ... ', 'Chronic post-renal kidney failure.']
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Late Kidney Disease or Kidney Failure The kidneys simply stop functioning or function so poorly that they cannot keep with the work of fluid management. Fluid builds up in the tissues, causing swelling and weight gain. It's important to recognize that this is water weight, not fat or muscle.
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Cause. Chronic kidney failure is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Failing kidneys do not convert enough vitamin D to its active form, and they do not adequately excrete phosphate. When this happens, insoluble calcium phosphate forms in the body and removes calcium from the circulation.
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['Bleeding in the kidney (hemorrhage)', 'Blood clots in kidney veins (renal vein thrombosis)', 'Hydronephrosis.', 'Kidney cancer or a kidney tumor.', 'Kidney cysts.', 'Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)', 'Kidney stones.', 'Polycystic kidney disease.']
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When you have kidney disease, your kidneys cannot make enough EPO. Low EPO levels cause your red blood cell count to drop and anemia to develop. Most people with kidney disease will develop anemia. Anemia can happen early in the course of kidney disease and grow worse as kidneys fail and can no longer make EPO.
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Anemia and thrombocytopenia have been found in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. Red cell production is stimulated by erythropoietin (EPO), and the kidney is the source to secrete EPO. In patients with chronic renal failure, deficiency in EPO production is the main cause of the development of anemia.
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Renal insufficiency or failure occurs when the kidneys can no longer remove toxic wastes from the body. These substances build up and symptoms of excess thirst, nausea, pain, weakness, appetite loss, intestinal bleeding and even seizures develop. Below is the description of each stage of renal disease.
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Hypertension is one of the leading causes of CKD due to the deleterious effects that increased BP has on kidney vasculature. Long-term, uncontrolled, high BP leads to high intraglomerular pressure, impairing glomerular filtration.
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This is why high blood pressure (HBP or hypertension) is the second leading cause of kidney failure. Over time, uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause arteries around the kidneys to narrow, weaken or harden. These damaged arteries are not able to deliver enough blood to the kidney tissue.
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Diseases and conditions that cause chronic kidney disease include: Type 1 or type 2 diabetes. High blood pressure. Glomerulonephritis (gloe-mer-u-low-nuh-FRY-tis), an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli)
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When kidneys fail, urea that builds up in the blood can cause diabetes, concludes a study published today in the Journal of Clinical Investigation. "We identified molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for increased blood glucose levels in patients with non-diabetic chronic kidney disease.
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Causes of CKD high blood pressure – over time, this can put strain on the small blood vessels in the kidneys and stop the kidneys working properly. diabetes – too much glucose in your blood can damage the tiny filters in the kidneys.
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Age. Being over age 60 increases your risk for kidney disease. As you get older, your kidneys naturally do not work as well as when you were younger. People age 60 or older are also more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure, the two leading causes of kidney failure.
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CKD can be caused by: high blood pressure – over time, this can put strain on the small blood vessels in the kidneys and stop the kidneys working properly. diabetes – too much glucose in your blood can damage the tiny filters in the kidneys.