what are the issues in reproductive health?
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites, and viruses. There are more than 20 types of STDs. Read more about specific STDs from these CDC fact sheets. Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women.
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['Obesity.', 'Pregnancy.', 'Immobility (including prolonged inactivity, long trips by plane or car)', 'Smoking.', 'Oral contraceptives.', 'Certain cancers.', 'Trauma.', 'Certain surgeries.']
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['How long will it likely take me to get pregnant?', 'When should I stop birth control?', 'Will my health conditions affect my fertility?', 'How will my medications affect my fertility?', 'Should I take vitamins or supplements?']
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['Birth defects.', 'Preterm birth and low birth weight.', 'Maternal pregnancy complications.', 'Sudden infant death syndrome.', 'Injuries (e.g., suffocation).']
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['Identifying Pregnant Patients. Identifying and testing pregnant patients is one of the more common ethical issues in genetics counseling. ... ', 'Lack of Treatments. ... ', 'False Results. ... ', 'Inappropriate Testing. ... ', 'Forensic Issues.']
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['Air pollution and climate change.', 'Noncommunicable diseases.', 'Threat of a global influenza pandemic.', 'Fragile and vulnerable settings, such as regions affected by drought and conflict.', 'Antimicrobial resistance.', 'Ebola and high-threat pathogens.', 'Weak primary care.', 'Vaccine hesitancy.']
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['Chemical pregnancy.', 'Ectopic pregnancy.', 'Recent pregnancy loss.', 'User error.', 'Evaporation lines.', 'Medications.', 'Medical conditions.', 'Next steps.']
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['Maternal weight less than 100 pounds.', 'Poor nutrition during pregnancy.', 'Birth defects or chromosomal abnormalities.', 'Use of drugs, cigarettes, and/or alcohol.', 'Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)', 'Placental abnormalities.']
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Collectively, these harmful chemicals are known to cause the following severe health problems: cancer, endometriosis, neurological damage, endocrine disruption, birth defects and child developmental disorders, reproductive damage, immune damage, asthma, and multiple organ damage.
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['Genetic problems. One or more genes might have a change or mutation that results in them not working properly, such as in Fragile X syndrome. ... ', 'Chromosomal problems. ... ', 'Infections. ... ', 'Exposure to medications, chemicals, or other agents during pregnancy.']
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STIs can cause serious health problems if left untreated. For example, chlamydia can lead to problems that can cause women not to be able to have children (infertility). HPV can lead to cancer of the cervix or penis. Syphilis can lead to paralysis, mental problems, heart damage, blindness, and even death.
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['Existing age-sex structure.', 'Availability of family planning services.', 'Social and religious beliefs - especially in relation to contraception and abortion.', 'Female employment.']
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['Smoking and mental health.', 'Air pollution.', 'Alcohol.', 'Antimicrobial resistance.', 'Bowel cancer.', 'Cardiovascular disease prevention.', 'Cervical screening.', 'Child dental health.']
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There are a range of other ethical issues IVF gives rise to: the quality of consent obtained from the parties. the motivation of the parents. the uses and implications of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis.
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['Lack of information about sexual and reproductive health and rights.', 'Inadequate access to services tailored to young people.', 'Family, community and social pressure to marry.', 'Sexual violence.', 'Child, early and forced marriage, which can be both a cause and a consequence.']
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['Prolonged labor. ... ', 'Abnormal positioning. ... ', 'Fetal distress. ... ', 'Birth defects. ... ', 'Repeat cesarean. ... ', 'Chronic health condition. ... ', 'Cord prolapse. ... ', 'Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)']
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['excessive exercise.', 'eating disorders, such as anorexia.', 'a low-functioning pituitary gland.', 'premature ovarian failure, which can result from genetic defects, toxins, or an autoimmune condition.', 'Turner syndrome.', 'chronic kidney disease.']