how ckd affect immune system?
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Normally, your body fights off anything that isn't part of itself, like germs and viruses. That system of protection is called your “immune system.” Having kidney disease and kidney failure can weaken your immune system, making it easier for infections to take hold.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) usually results in hypocalcemia, but prolonged hyperphosphatemia and low vitamin D levels lead to enhanced parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion which can result in hypercalcemia.
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When your kidneys are damaged, waste products and fluid can build up in your body. That can cause swelling in your ankles, nausea, weakness, poor sleep, and shortness of breath. Without treatment, the damage can get worse and your kidneys may eventually stop working. That's serious, and it can be life-threatening.
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Kidney disease also leads to an increase in production of parathyroid hormone. This also leads to too much phosphate in your body. The phosphate builds up in your body and binds to calcium. This causes your calcium levels to decrease, which may weaken your bones.
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A severe decrease in kidney function can lead to a buildup of toxins and impurities in the blood. This can cause people to feel tired, weak and can make it hard to concentrate. Another complication of kidney disease is anemia, which can cause weakness and fatigue.
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A high-protein diet may worsen kidney function in people with kidney disease because your body may have trouble eliminating all the waste products of protein metabolism.
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Answer and Explanation: The main effect that kidney disease has on the digestive system is to decrease appetite and food intakes. Common symptoms of kidney disease are...
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Regarding the relationship between folic acid, vitamin B12 supplementation and CKD progression, available interventional studies have demonstrated no clear benefit or even harmful effects on renal outcomes [15], while observational studies showed a correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia and risk of CKD development ...
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['Swelling of the hands, feet, and face.', 'Trouble sleeping or concentrating.', 'Poor appetite.', 'Nausea.', 'Weakness.', 'Itching (end-stage kidney disease) and extremely dry skin.', 'Drowsiness (end-stage kidney disease)']
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If you have CKD, even if it's mild, you're at an increased risk of developing other serious problems, such as cardiovascular disease. This is a group of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, which includes heart attack and stroke.
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If kidney disease gets worse, wastes can build to high levels in your blood and make you feel sick. You may develop complications like high blood pressure, anemia (low blood count), weak bones, poor nutritional health and nerve damage. Also, kidney disease increases your risk of having heart and blood vessel disease.
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If left untreated, CKD can progress to kidney failure and early cardiovascular disease. When the kidneys stop working, dialysis or kidney transplant is needed for survival. Kidney failure treated with dialysis or kidney transplant is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Learn more about ESRD.
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The immune system is classically divided into innate and adaptive components with distinct roles and functions. T cells are major components of the adaptive immune system. T cells are firmly established to mediate various immune-mediated kidney diseases and are current targets for therapy.
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Kidney Disease Your kidneys get rid of waste and extra fluid from your body. One of the first signs that something is wrong is puffiness in your fingers, feet, and around your eyes. You're more likely to get kidney disease if you have diabetes or high blood pressure.
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Sarcoidosis can affect how your body handles calcium, which can lead to kidney stones and reduce kidney function. Rarely, this can lead to kidney failure. Heart. Cardiac sarcoidosis results in granulomas in your heart that can disrupt heart rhythm, blood flow and normal heart function.
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Taking azathioprine can sometimes affect your liver, kidneys or bone marrow. You will have blood tests to check your liver function, kidney function and blood count before you start taking this medicine.
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Later stages of CKD A number of symptoms can develop if kidney disease is not found early or it gets worse despite treatment. Symptoms can include: weight loss and poor appetite. swollen ankles, feet or hands – as a result of water retention (oedema)