how are alkyl group formed?
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An alkyl group is formed by removing one hydrogen from the alkane chain and is described by the formula C nH 2n +1. The removal of this hydrogen results in a stem change from -ane to -yl.
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-Phospholipids have two hydrocarbon tails, whereas detergents have just one. -Phospholipids form bilayers in water, whereas detergents tend to form micelles. -Detergents are shaped like cones, whereas phospholipids are more cylindrical. -Phospholipids are hydrophobic, whereas detergents are amphipathic.
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Alkyl halides can undergo two major types of reactions - substitution and/or elimination. The substitution reaction is called a Nucleophilic Substitution reaction because the electrophilic alkyl halide forms a new bond with the nucleophile which substitutes for (replaces) the halogen at the alpha-carbon.
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Triacylglycerols: Triacylglycerol is formed by the joining of three fatty acids to a glycerol backbone in a dehydration reaction. Three molecules of water are released in the process.
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Alkyl halides (also known as haloalkanes) are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine).
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The glycerol molecule has three hydroxyl (HO–) groups and each fatty acid has a carboxyl group (–COOH). In triglycerides, the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol join the carboxyl groups of the fatty acid to form ester bonds: HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH + RCO2H + R′CO2H + R″CO2H → RCO2CH2CH(O2CR′)CH2CO2R″ + 3H2O.
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Formation. The pyranose ring is formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 (C-5) of a sugar with the aldehyde at carbon 1. This forms an intramolecular hemiacetal. If reaction is between the C-4 hydroxyl and the aldehyde, a furanose is formed instead.
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Being cylindrical, phospholipid molecules spontaneously form bilayers in aqueous environments. In this energetically most-favorable arrangement, the hydrophilic heads face the water at each surface of the bilayer, and the hydrophobic tails are shielded from the water in the interior.
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Polypeptides are formed when the amino group of one amino acid forms an amide (i.e., peptide) bond with the carboxyl group of another amino acid (Figure 1). This reaction is catalyzed by ribosomes and generates one water molecule.
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Wurtz Reaction. In wourtz reaction a solution of alkyl halide in ether on heating with sodium gives alkane. An alkyl halide on Wurtz reaction leads to the formation of symmetrical alkane having an even number of carbon atoms. Two different alkyl halides, on Wurtz reaction give all possible alkanes.
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Alkyl halides are polar but cannot form hydrogen bonds with water. ... In case of alkyl halides ,when dissolved in water, these are not able to form hydrogen bonds. Thus alkyl halides are highly soluble in organic solvents and less soluble in water.
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Alum contains aluminum When alum reacts with ammonia, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) is formed as a product of the reaction. Aluminum hydroxide does not dissolve in water and forms cloudy white globs.
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The methyl "substituent" or "group" is highlighted red. According to the usual rules of nomenclature, alkyl groups are included in the name of the molecule before the root, as in methylpentane. This name is, however, ambiguous, as the methyl branch could be on various carbon atoms.
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An alkyl is a functional group of an organic chemical that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, which are arranged in a chain. They have general formula CnH2n+1. Examples include methyl CH3 (derived from methane) and butyl C2H5 (derived from butane).
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Multimolecular colloids are formed by the aggregation of a large number of simple molecules, macromolecular colloids consists of macromolecules having size in the colloidal range. On the other hand, associated colloids also called micelles, are generally electrolytes. They exist as ions at low concentration.
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However, some groups, such as the alkyl group, are less electron-withdrawing than hydrogen and are therefore considered as electron-releasing. This is electron-releasing character and is indicated by the +I effect. In short, alkyl groups tend to give electrons, leading to the induction effect.
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The alkyl halides are at best only slightly soluble in water. For a halogenoalkane to dissolve in water you have to break attractions between the halogenoalkane molecules (van der Waals dispersion and dipole-dipole interactions) and break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.