how is mtt reagent converted to formazan?
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2.1 MTT assays It is based on the ability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzymes to reduce the tetrazolium dye MTT to its insoluble formazan, which has a purple color (Fig. 10.1).
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Divide the molar mass of the compound by the empirical formula molar mass. The result should be a whole number or very close to a whole number. Multiply all the subscripts in the empirical formula by the whole number found in step 2. The result is the molecular formula.
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['Consider a binary compound AB.', 'Let M be the molality of the compound .', 'Let, A be the solute ,and molar mass of A be Ma.', 'Then from the Molality of the compound ,moles of A per kg of B, ... ', 'So, multiply the Molality with molar mass of A ,', 'You will get mass of A per kg mass of B .']
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['→n⋅< x−x0,y−y0,z−z0>=0.', 'x−x0+2y−2y0−2z+2z0=0.', 'x+2y−2z−x0−2y0+2z0=0.']
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The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid is Zn + HCl = H2 + ZnCl2. It is a single replacement reaction where zinc metal displaces the hydrogen to form hydrogen gas and zinc chloride, a salt. Zinc reacts quickly with the acid to form bubbles of hydrogen.
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For exanple, sodium hydroxide reacts with zinc and water to form sodium zincate and hydrogen gas. Zn(s)+2NaOH(aq)+2H2O(l)→Na2Zn(OH)4(aq)+H2(g).
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['Suspend 55 grams of dehydrated medium in 1000 ml purified or distilled water.', 'Heat with frequent agitation until the medium boils. Note: DO NOT AUTOCLAVE.', 'Transfer immediately to a water bath at 50°C.', 'After cooling, pour into sterile Petri plates.']
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MTT and related tetrazolium salts The degree of light absorption is dependent on the degree of formazan concentration accumulated inside the cell and on the cell surface. The greater the formazan concentration, the deeper the purple colour and thus the higher the absorbance.
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MTT has been reported to be toxic to eukaryotic cells (10). Exposure of cells to MTT resulted in dramatic changes in morphology during the formation of formazan crystals (Figure 1).
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You can always use the E/Z system. It is more reliable and particularly suited to tri- or tetrasubstituted alkenes, especially when the substituents are not alkyl groups. The cis/trans system is not effective when there are more than two different substituents on a double bond.
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Zinc reacts with HCl to form ZnCl2(aq) & H2(g). Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) = Zn2+(aq) + H2(g): Zinc is oxidized, loses electrons. Hydrogen is reduced, gains electrons.
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['Identify the cation.', 'Write the correct formula and charge for the cation.', 'Identify the anion.', 'Write the correct formula and charge for the anion.', 'Combine the cation and anion to produce an electrically neutral compound.']
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The MTT assay is a colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity. NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzymes may, under defined conditions, reflect the number of viable cells present. ... With WST-1, which is cell-impermeable, reduction occurs outside the cell via plasma membrane electron transport.
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The combination of the buffer TA and EDTA (TAE) is used for agarose gel electrophoresis of large DNA fragments (2kb or larger) because it is thought to be easier to extract large DNA fragments when you use acetate. A more popular buffer for DNA agarose electrophoresis is TBE (acetic acid is replaced by boric acid).
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['Alcohol Ethoxylate (AE)', 'Alkyl (or Alcohol) Ethoxy Sulphate (AES) and Alkyl Sulphate (AS)', 'Amine Oxide.', 'Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)', 'Citric Acid.', 'Cyclodextrin.', 'Diethyl Ester Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride (DEEDMAC)', 'Ethanol.']
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['Find Mass in Grams. Calculate the mass in grams of each reactant. ... ', 'Find Atomic Weight. Determine the atomic weight of each element using the periodic table. ... ', 'Calculate Grams per Mole. ... ', 'Divide Grams by Grams per Mole. ... ', 'Find Reaction Coefficients. ... ', 'Determine Limiting Reactant. ... ', 'Determine Product Mass. ... ', 'Compare Reaction Results.']
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It is soluble in water, and the solubility is respectively 61.1 (0 ℃), 73.5 (20 ℃), 92.6 (50 ℃) in water, and 57 (20 ℃)in ethanol, 5.7 (20 ℃) in diethyl ether. It is slightly soluble in pyridine. It can decompose to formic acid and carbon dioxide in case of potassium permanganate. Malonic acid is dibasic acid.