what is the portal of exit in the chain of infection?
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Portal of exit is the path by which a pathogen leaves its host. The portal of exit usually corresponds to the site where the pathogen is localized.
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['The fimbria.', 'Infundibulum.', 'Ampulla - where the ovum is fertilized.', 'Isthmus.']
895891
The ileum is the third and final part of the small intestine. It follows the jejunum and ends at the ileocecal junction, where the terminal ileum communicates with the cecum of the large intestine through the ileocecal valve.
1015686
Een maag-darminfectie kan veroorzaakt worden door virussen of door bacteriën. In meer dan de helft van de gevallen zijn virussen de oorzaak. Bij bacteriële infecties gaat het vooral over Salmonella-infecties of Campylobacter. Maag-darminfecties zijn erg besmettelijk.
1420107
According to Approved Document K, Protection from falling, collision and impact, 'Vomitory exits' are storey exits provided within the body of a seating layout. The word 'vomitory' is derived from 'vomitorium' which refers to a passage found beneath the seating through which an audience can exit at the end of an event.
1281469
Exotoxins are are produced within living bacteria, and then released into the surrounding medium. Endotoxins are a component of the outer portion of a bacterial cell wall, and are released when the bacteria dies and the cell wall disintegrates. There are 3 types of exotoxins: cytotoxins, neurotoxins, and enterotoxins.
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['Stage 1: Inflammation, abnormal connective tissue, or both, confined to the portal areas.', 'Stage 2: Inflammation, fibrosis, or both, confined to the portal and periportal areas.', 'Stage 3: Bridging fibrosis.', 'Stage 4: Cirrhosis.']
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Bronchioles open into short segments called terminal bronchioles, which are thin-walled branches of the bronchioles. Terminal bronchioles transition into respiratory bronchioles. ... The walls of respiratory bronchioles are discontinuous, forming openings into alveolar ducts.
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These molecules can pass through the plasma membrane of the cell, entering the epithelial cells of the intestinal lining. ... Chylomicrons leave the absorptive cells via exocytosis, entering the lymphatic vessels. From there, they enter the blood in the subclavian vein.
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['Attachment or Absorption. Viral particle attaches to host cell via specific receptors on on the surface of the host cell. ... ', 'Penetration. Entry of viral nucleic acid into host cell. ... ', 'Uncoating. separation of nucleic acid from the protein capsid coat. ... ', 'Integration. ... ', 'Synthesis. ... ', 'Maturation or Assembly. ... ', 'Release.']
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The second link is the reservoir. This is the natural environment that the pathogen requires for survival. Reservoirs can be a person, an animal, or an environmental component, such as soil or water.
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Essential for virulence is their ability to adhere to the small intestinal mucosa and produce a striking 'attaching and effacing' (AE) lesion characterised by localised destruction of brush border microvilli, intimate attachment of bacteria to the residual apical enterocyte membrane, often in a cuplike pedestal ...
1317071
Which statement best describes the function of the respiratory passageways of a human? They permit digestive end-products to make contact with body cells. They permit exchange between the external atmosphere and the circulatory system. They transport gaseous cellular wastes from body cells to the lungs for excretion.
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As recently reviewed by Le Campion et al.45, there are several routes by which HCV could conceivably cross the placenta to accomplish in utero transmission, including transcytosis, trafficking in maternal mononuclear cells59,60, receptor mediated entry into and possibly infection of trophoblasts61,62, or other injury ...
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The last link in the chain of infection is the susceptible host.
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The first link in the chain of infection is the infectious agent or pathogen which can take the form of: Viruses - such as Influenza A, shingles and Hepatitis. Bacteria - including Lyme disease and Leptospirosis.
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The final link is the new host. Once in the new host, various factors influence the severity of infection, including the strength of the immune system and the reproductive rate of the pathogen. Immunization, health promotion, and medical treatment can be used to break this link in the chain.