what are the abnormal component of urine?
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Abnormal constituents most commonly found in urine are protein (proteinuria) glucose (glycosuria) and acetone (ketonuria), and all may have a significance that must not be ignored.
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Physical characteristics that can be applied to urine include color, turbidity (transparency), smell (odor), pH (acidity – alkalinity) and density. ... The pH of normal urine is generally in the range 4.6 – 8, with a typical average being around 6.0.
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Components of the Urinary System. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
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The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys form the urine and account for the other functions attributed to the urinary system. The ureters carry the urine away from kidneys to the urinary bladder, which is a temporary reservoir for the urine.
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Bloody urine may be due to a problem in your kidneys or other parts of the urinary tract, such as: Cancer of the bladder or kidney. Infection of the bladder, kidney, prostate, or urethra. Inflammation of the bladder, urethra, prostate, or kidney (glomerulonephritis)
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Congenital cystic dysplasia of the kidneys is a broad category of birth defects involving the kidneys and/or urinary tract that may cause blockage of the flow of urine. Congenital cystic dysplasia affects one or both kidneys.
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In general, your urine contains the chemical compounds from food you've eaten. Onion. This vegetable has a certain compound, which carries the unpleasant onion-like smell through the body. Garlic.
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A urinalysis, also called a urine test, can detect the presence of nitrites in the urine. Normal urine contains chemicals called nitrates. If bacteria enter the urinary tract, nitrates can turn into different, similarly named chemicals called nitrites. Nitrites in urine may be a sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI).
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Urinary tract obstruction is a blockage that inhibits the flow of urine through its normal path (the urinary tract), including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Blockage can be complete or partial. Blockage can lead to kidney damage, kidney stones, and infection.
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What is urine? Pee is your body's liquid waste. It's mainly made of water, salt, electrolytes such as potassium and phosphorus, and chemicals called urea and uric acid.
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They can be found in normal urine when caused by a protein-rich diet, which increases uric acid in the urine. They can also be caused by kidney stones, gout, chemotherapy, or tumor lysis syndrome. Symptoms of kidney stones include severe abdominal, flank, or groin pain; nausea; and blood in the urine.
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Bright yellow urine is a sign of excess B-vitamins in the body, including B-2 and B-12, although this condition is harmless. Taking B-vitamin supplements can lead to urine of this color. The yellow color darkens as the concentration of the urine increases. Concentration refers the proportion of waste products to water.
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Metabolic wastes like urea, carbon dioxide, uric acid, creatinine and sodium chloride are present in normal urine. The presence of proteins, glucose, ketones, red blood cells, however, indicate malfunction of the kidneys or some other organ of the body.
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Normal urine should be pale yellow. It should be clear and free of clouds or particles. Urine can occasionally turn a bright yellow color.
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Urine naturally has some yellow pigments called urobilin or urochrome. The darker urine is, the more concentrated it tends to be. Dark urine is most commonly due to dehydration. However, it may be an indicator that excess, unusual, or potentially dangerous waste products are circulating in the body.
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Male urinary system A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of your urinary system — your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and the urethra. Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than are men.
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If a cast is seen in the urine, kidney disease or in- volvement exists; the presence of casts indicates kidney (renal) disease rather than lower urinary tract disease. All casts have a matrix of Tamm- Horsfall mucoprotein to which other pro- teins or elements may be added.