how many possible genetic variations can be produced during meiosis?
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We are left with four haploid cells; each one genetically different from each other and the parent cell. 8. Describe the three ways meiosis produces genetic variability. We have seen that meiosis creates variation three ways: crossing over, mutations caused during crossing over, and independent assortment.
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['mutation.', 'random mating between organisms.', 'random fertilization.', 'crossing over (or recombination) between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.']
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Fruit fly gametes each have four chromosomes, representing 24 or 16, possible chromosome combinations.
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Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because - it produces arrays of alleles in chromosomes. A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division.
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With n = 23 in human cells, there are over 8 million possible combinations of paternal and maternal chromosomes. (CC BY 4.0 via OpenStax College). In humans, there are over 8 million configurations in which the chromosomes can line up during metaphase I of meiosis.
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Therefore, meiosis results in four haploid genetically unique daughter cells, each with half the DNA of the parent cell (Figure below). In human cells, the parent cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), so the cells produced by meiosis have 23 chromosomes. These cells will become gametes.
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From a diploid germ cell 2n =24 double stranded chromosomes, meiosis will produce four gamete haploid cells n =12 single stranded chromosomes.
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Genetic variation is increased by meiosis During fertilisation, 1 gamete from each parent combines to form a zygote. Because of recombination and independent assortment in meiosis, each gamete contains a different set of DNA. This produces a unique combination of genes in the resulting zygote.
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Consider the possible combinations when that sperm cell is united with an egg cell that is also 1 of 8,000,000 combinations. The resulting diploid zygote is one of over 64,000,000,000,000 possible combinations of the genes of the two parents.
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The number of different combinations of chromosomes that are possible in the gametes is 2n, where n is equal to the number of homologous pairs of chromosomes. For the fruit fly with four pairs of chromosomes, the number of possible combinations is 24 = 16.
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Two gametes in each pair of cells produced by meiosis are not identical because recombination of alleles (genes) present on two homologous chromosomes occurs during meiosis.
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Each chromosome contains dozens to thousands of different genes. The total possible combination of alleles for those genes in humans is approximately 70,368,744,177,664. This is trillions of times more combinations than the number of people who have ever lived.
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The number of different possible gametes produced by the diploid genotype (AaBbCcDdEe) is 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32 (2 for each pair of heterozygous genes). 15.
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By the end of meiosis, the resulting reproductive cells, or gametes, each have 23 genetically unique chromosomes. The overall process of meiosis produces four daughter cells from one single parent cell.
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How would genetic variation be affected if, during meiosis I, maternal chromosomes always lined up together on one side of the metaphase plate and paternal chromosomes always lined up on the other side (ignoring the effects of crossing over)? ... One daughter cell would be 2n; the other would have no chromosomes.
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Meiosis takes place during gamete formation resulting in the formation of haploid gametes. If a cell has 24 chromosomes before cell division then daughter cell resulting from mitotic division will have 24 chromosomes while daughter cell resulting from the meiotic division will contain 12 chromosomes each.
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The gametes produced in meiosis aren't genetically identical to the starting cell, and they also aren't identical to one another. ... The four gametes produced at the end of meiosis II are all slightly different, each with a unique combination of the genetic material present in the starting cell.