what are modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with the development of cancer?
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Risk factors for cancer include non-modifiable factors such as age, race and gender and modifiable factors such as tobacco use, obesity, inadequate nutrition and physical activity; exposure to ultraviolet radiation and occupational carcinogens and alcohol consumption.
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Risk factors Anything that increases a chance of developing a disease is called a risk factor . Risk factors can be caused by lifestyle factors or substances in a person's body or their environment. Some diseases are caused by an interaction between risk factors. Some risk factors have been proven to cause a disease.
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non-modifiable risk factors are: age ethnic background family history of heart disease. The older you are, the more likely you are to develop coronary heart disease or to have a cardiac event (angina, heart attack or stroke).
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Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer and is responsible for approximately 22% of cancer deaths (2). Cancer causing infections, such as hepatitis and human papilloma virus (HPV), are responsible for up to 25% of cancer cases in low- and middle-income countries (3).
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Hypertension, smoking, and diabetes (along with elevated lipid levels, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle) are modifiable risk factors for CAD. Non-modifiable risk factors include older age (men>45 and women >55), family history of CAD in a first-degree relative at a young age, and male sex.
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['Not being physically active. Women who are not physically active have a higher risk of getting breast cancer.', 'Being overweight or obese after menopause. ... ', 'Taking hormones. ... ', 'Reproductive history. ... ', 'Drinking alcohol.']
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Shared risk factors and biological mechanisms possibly explain this relationship. Indeed, cardiovascular risk factors such as unhealthy diet, tobacco smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension have been found to be associated with an increased cancer risk.
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Age, race, and family history are probable risk factors for prostate cancer while BPH, smoking, or alcohol use has not been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer diagnosis.
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The risk factors that can be controlled (modifiable) are: High BP; high blood cholesterol levels; smoking; diabetes; overweight or obesity; lack of physical activity; unhealthy diet and stress.
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While bronchogenic carcinoma is clearly associated with smoking, it's important to note that there are a number of potential causes, including radon, air pollution, and more, and at the current time, the majority of people who develop these cancers are non-smokers (either never smokers or former smokers).
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['Diet. It is very difficult to research the link between diet and cancer. ... ', 'Being overweight and obese. Obesity is a cause of bowel cancer. ... ', 'Physical activity. ... ', 'Smoking tobacco. ... ', 'Alcohol. ... ', 'Age. ... ', 'Family history. ... ', "Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease."]
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Risk Factor. Something that may increase a person's chance of developing a specific illness or disease; risk factors can be voluntary factors, such as lifestyle choices and behaviors (smoking, for example), or involuntary, such as heredity and environment.
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['Risk Factors Section Menu. Age. Alcohol. Chronic Inflammation. Common Cancer Myths and Misconceptions. Diet. Hormones. Immunosuppression. Infectious Agents. Obesity. Sunlight. Tobacco.', 'Genetics.']
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Modifiable risk factors : menstrual and reproductive factors, radiation exposure, hormone replacement therapy, alcohol and high fat diet. Some environmental factors such as organochlorine chemicals, electromagnetic field and smoking (Clemons and Goss, 2001).
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['Exposure to cancer-causing agents. ... ', 'Smoking. ... ', 'History of radiation therapy or chemotherapy. ... ', 'Myelodysplastic syndromes. ... ', 'Rare genetic syndromes. ... ', 'Family history.']
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Modifiable risk factors for complications of diabetes include overweight/obesity, poor diet, hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity.
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Non-modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors are those that cannot be changed. These include a person's age, ethnicity and family history (genetics cannot be changed), among other factors.