how is gamma radiation used in sterilization?
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The gamma irradiation process uses Cobalt 60 radiation to kill microorganisms on a variety of different products in a specially designed cell. Gamma radiation is generated by the decay of the radioisotope Cobalt 60, with the resultant high energy photons being an effective sterilant.
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Sterilization describes a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life and is carried out in health-care facilities by physical or chemical methods. ... Disinfection describes a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, except bacterial spores, on inanimate objects (Tables 1 and 2).
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Gamma rays are the highest energy, highest frequency, and shortest wavelength waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays can be used to kill living organisms, sterilize medical equipment, and treat cancer.
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Medical Treatment Applications. Gamma rays ionize living tissue, causing cancer by producing free radicals. However, because gamma rays also kill bacteria and cancer cells, they have been used to kill certain types of cancer.
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A medical autoclave is a device that uses steam to sterilize equipment and other objects. This means that all bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores are inactivated. ... Paper and other products that may be damaged by steam must also be sterilized another way.
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Gamma Knife radiosurgery is a type of radiation therapy used to treat tumors, vascular malformations and other abnormalities in the brain. Gamma Knife radiosurgery, like other forms of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), is not surgery in the traditional sense because there is no incision.
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Sterilization. ... A common method to sterilize equipment is by autoclaving. Autoclaving is the use of pressurized steam and high temperature to kill microbes, spores, or viruses that are hard to destroy using conventional disinfection methods.
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['pre-sterilisation cleaning.', 'disinfection.', 'inspection.', 'sterilisation.', 'storage.']
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A Geiger counter, or a Geiger-Muller tube, is used for detecting and measuring alpha, beta and gamma radiation. It consists of a pair of electrodes with a high voltage running between them. ... Radiation entering the tube ionizes the gas. Electrons and ions are attracted to the electrodes, producing an electric current.
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Geiger counters are widely used to detect gamma radiation and X-rays collectively known as photons, and for this the windowless tube is used. However, detection efficiency is low compared to alpha and beta particles.
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E-beam irradiation is very similar to gamma radiation sterilization as being an ionizing energy but the difference is its high dosage rates and low penetration. Another difference is the use of e-beams which has a source of electricity producing high charge of electrons.
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The ionising effect of radiation is used in the Geiger-Muller (GM) tube as a means of detecting the radiation. The GM tube is a hollow cylinder filled with a gas at low pressure. ... When alpha, beta or gamma radiation enters the tube it produces ions in the gas. The ions created in the gas enable the tube to conduct.
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Autoclave. Uses steam under pressure or gas to sterilize equipment and supplies. It will destroy all microorganisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic, including spores and viruses, to prevent the spread of infection.
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Keep people away from it to reduce their exposure to radiation. Keep cuts and abrasions covered when handling contaminated items to avoid getting radioactive material in them. Wash all of the exposed parts of your body using lots of soap and lukewarm water to remove contamination.
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Gamma rays are the strongest from of radiation. This is what makes nuclear radiation so dangerous. This high energy form of radiation can damage human tissue and cause mutations. ... Gamma rays differ from alpha and beta waves in their composition.
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Dry heat sterilization is generally used for powders, oils and other substances that are sensitive to moist heat. ... Dry heat methods include baking, flaming, and incineration. Dry heat works by denaturing enzymes and nucleic acids by oxidation.
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Gamma rays can also kill cancer cells, as well as bacteria on food, and can be used as a medical tracer. When gamma rays are used as medical tracers, a chemical containing the rays is injected into the body of a patient.