what is the relationship between convergent evolution and analogous characters?
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Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups.
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Auks are superficially similar to penguins having black-and-white colours, upright posture and some of their habits. Nevertheless, they are not closely related to penguins, but rather are believed to be an example of moderate convergent evolution.
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An example of convergent evolution is the similar nature of the flight/wings of insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats. All four serve the same function and are similar in structure, but each evolved independently.
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A phylogenetic tree is an evolutionary tree that shows the evolutionary relationships between different groups of animals. Cladograms give a hypothetical picture of the actual evolutionary history of the organisms. Phylogenetic trees give an actual representation of the evolutionary history of the organisms.
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Lesson Summary The relationship between the two is more of an overlap than one being dependent on the other. Convergent thinking, or intelligence, uses skills already acquired to solve a problem, where divergent thinking, or creativity, finds multiple ways to solve a problem.
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The similar bone structures between the limbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats are the result of divergent evolution. They all evolved from a common ancestor that passed on that trait. The wings of an insect and the wings of a bird are also examples of comparative anatomy.
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Analogous structures arise from convergent evolution, but homologous structures do not. Convergent evolution is the opposite of divergent evolution, in which related species evolve different traits.
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Although the living reptiles birds are most closely related to are crocodilians (archosaurs), when it comes to their relation to dinosaurs, birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs.
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Embryology, the study of the development of the anatomy of an organism to its adult form, provides evidence for evolution as embryo formation in widely-divergent groups of organisms tends to be conserved. ... Another form of evidence of evolution is the convergence of form in organisms that share similar environments.
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Across all primates, convergence is negatively correlated with relative orbital size, and larger primates have higher convergence; however, small, nocturnal primates with large, strongly convergent orbits (e.g., tarsiers and lorises) are notable exceptions to this rule (Lieberman et al., 2000).
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Similarity: Degree of likeness between two sequences, usually expressed as a percentage of similar (or identical) residues over a given length of the alignment. ... Homology: Statement about common evolutionary ancestry of two sequences. Can only be true or false.
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There is no single or fixed relationship. The climate is part of all species environments (except, perhaps, some ocean species). Evolution is change in organisms over time. Adaptation is merely the fact that organisms that are here today are descendants of successful—'adapted'—ancestors.
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The evolutionary history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and fossil organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present. ... The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the process of evolution from a common ancestor.
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Similar traits can be either homologous or analogous. Homologous structures share a similar embryonic origin; analogous organs have a similar function. For example, the bones in the front flipper of a whale are homologous to the bones in the human arm. These structures are not analogous.
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Analogous structures have different evolutionary ancestries but they have the same function. Examples of these types of structures are the wings of birds, bats and insects. Homologous structures are the opposite; they have similar ancestries and common traits but maybe not have the same function in an organism.
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Homologous structures share a similar embryonic origin; analogous organs have a similar function. For example, the bones in the front flipper of a whale are homologous to the bones in the human arm. These structures are not analogous. The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bird are analogous but not homologous.
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Embryology and Theory of Evolution Embryology supports the theory that organisms have a common ancestor (in accordance to theory of evolution). The theory of evolution explains that not every feature of an ancestor's embryo is shown in its descendants. That explains why embryos develop into different species over time.