what are the causes and effects of soil erosion?
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Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process. This Factsheet looks at the causes and effects of water, wind and tillage erosion on agricultural land.
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For all the fertility losses there are various causes in the different regions of the country, in totality the major causes to soil fertility decline is a land degradation which is caused through the different agents such as soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, sedimentation, continuous farming and pollution.
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Soil Erosion means removal of the soil (usually Top Soil) by erosional forces such as wind and water. ... Similarly, soil removed from one region is deposited at other places. Land Degradation means temporary or permanent reduction in the biological or economic productive capacity of the land resource base.
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Positive Impacts • The weathering of rocks helps to form the basic component of soil. Soil is very essential for Human Activities . It enables farming for food crops. ... Negative Impacts • Erosion by flowing water during floods causes extensive damage to human properties and they also destroy lives.
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['water retaining capacity of the soil decreases.', 'pesticides may kill useful insects.', 'money spent on agriculture increases.', 'it is not sustainable.', 'they pollute the environment.']
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The major causes of land degradation include, land clearance poor farming practices, overgrazing, inappropriate irrigation, urban sprawl, and commercial development, land pollution including industrial waste and quarrying of stone, sand and minerals.
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The loss of trees, which anchor the soil with their roots, causes widespread erosion throughout the tropics. ... After heavy tropical rains fall on cleared forest lands, the run-off carries soil into local creeks and rivers. The rivers carry the eroded soils downstream, causing significant problems.
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['1) Sheet erosion by water;', '2) Wind erosion;', '3) Rill erosion – happens with heavy rains and usually creates smalls rills over hillsides;', '4) Gully erosion – when water runoff removes soil along drainage lines.', '5) Ephemeral erosion that occurs in natural depressions.']
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Water erosion is caused by the detachment and transport of soil by rainfall, runoff, melting snow or ice, and irrigation. Excessive erosion can threaten the production of agricultural and forest products. Erosion may also impact water conveyance and storage structures, and contribute to pollution from land surfaces.
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The way people use land can affect the levels of nutrients and pollution in soil. Any activity that exposes soil to wind and rain can lead to soil loss. Farming, construction and development, and mining are among the main activities that impact soil resources. ... Over time, many farming practices lead to the loss of soil.
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Other devastating effects of deforestation include soil erosion, an increase in the greenhouse gases leading to global warming, loss of biodiversity, increased flooding, and drought.
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Positive Impacts • The weathering of rocks helps to form the basic component of soil. Soil is very essential for Human Activities . ... Negative Impacts • Erosion by flowing water during floods causes extensive damage to human properties and they also destroy lives. Floods can cause crops and livestock destruction.
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EROSION: Wearing away the soil and rocks. This puts lots of sand, mud, pebbles and silt into the river. TRANSPORT: Moving material. The force of the flowing water moves the mud, sand, pebbles and silt created by erosion.
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There are many different forces in nature that cause erosion. Depending on the type of force, erosion can happen quickly or take thousands of years. The three main forces that cause erosion are water, wind, and ice. Water is the main cause of erosion on Earth.
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Effects on Water When the rainwater erodes the soil, it can lead to diminished water quality problems. After the eroded topsoil reaches the water sources, it increases the presence of nitrogen and phosphorous in the water. This results in reduced water oxygen levels and diminished water quality.
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['Sheet and rill erosion. Hill slopes are prone to sheet erosion and rill erosion. ... ', 'Scalding. Scalding can occur when wind and water erosion removes the top soil and exposes saline or sodic soils. ... ', 'Gully erosion. ... ', 'Tunnel erosion. ... ', 'Stream bank erosion. ... ', 'Erosion on floodplains.']
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Farming. Agriculture is probably the most significant activity that accelerates soil erosion because of the amount of land that is farmed and how much farming practices disturb the ground (Figure 1). Farmers remove native vegetation and then plow the land to plant new seeds. ... Fine soil is blown away by wind.